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EDWARD    TANJORE    CORWIN,    D.D..    LITT.D. 

1834-1914 

Founder  of  the  Manual 


This  Work  is  Dedicated  to  the 

MEMORY  OF 

EDWARD    TANJORE    CORWIN,    D.D.,    LITT.D. 

The  Compiler  of   the   Four   Former   Editions  of   this 

Manual,    whose    interest    in    the    History    of    the 

Reformed    Church    in    America    was    founded 

on    his    Love    for    the    Kingdom   of    God 


^^i<  fmcrr, 


■r  \ 


A  MANUAL  {*  OCT  s4 1922  *; 


REFORMED  CHURCH 

IN  AMERICA 


(formerly   reformed   PROTESTANT   DUTCH    CHURCH ) 


1628—1922 


CHARLES  E.  CORWIN 


Fifth  Edition,  Revised 


NEW  YORK 

Board    of    Publication    and    Bible-School 
.Work  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  Ame^rica 

25  East  220  Street 

1922 


The  Work  of  Edward  Tanjore  Corwin  : 

First   Edition,    1859,   2,000  copies. 
Second  Edition,   1869,   1,000  copies. 
Third  Edition,  1879,  1,000  copies. 
Fourth  Edition,    1902,  2,000  copies. 


The    Work    of    Charles    Edward    Corwin 
Fifth  Edition,   1922,  1,000  copies. 


Copyrighted,    1922,   by 

'IHE   BOARD   OF   PUBLICATION 

AND    BIBLE-SCHOOL   WORK 

R.  C.  A. 


THE    unionist-gazette    ASSOCIATION 
SOMERVILLE,    N.    J. 


Preface  to  the  Fifth  Edition 


The  present  volume  is  the  fifth  edition  of  the  Manual  of  the  Reformed 
Church  in  America, — a  work  unique  in  the  realm  of  denominational  liter- 
ature. 

When  the  Rev.  E.  T.  Corwin  was  a  young  man,  a  Resident  Licentiate 
in  the  Seminary  at  New  Brunswick,  N.Y.,  he  was  requested  to  revise  the 
Triennial  Catalogue  of  the  Theological  Seminary  at  New  Brunswick.  Pos- 
sessed of  a  strong  taste  for  historical  studies,  this  request  led  him  to  an 
investigation  of  the  History  of  the  Reformed  Church.  The  first  edition 
of  the  Manual,  a  volume  of  i66  pages,  published  in  1859,  was  the  result. 
The  author  spoke  of  this  work  as  "a  task  which  if  it  had  been  fully  realized 
at  the  beginning  would  hardly  have  been  undertaken." 

His  perseverance  grew  with  toil,  and  in  1869  a  second  edition  of  the 
Manual  was  issued.  This  volume  of  about  400  pages,  was  divided  into  three 
parts.  The  first  treated  of  the  history  of  the  denomination,  the  second  of 
the  ministry  and  the  third  of  the  churches.  This  method  of  treatment  has 
been  followed  in  the  subsequent  edition. 

In  1879,  a  third  edition  of  about  700  pages  was  issued.  Because  that 
portion  of  the  Amsterdam  Correspondence  secured  by  Hon.  J.  Romeyn  Brod- 
head  in  1841-43,  had  then  become  accessible,  this  edition  presented  the  history 
of  the  colonial  period  of  the  Church's  life  in  a  more  complete  manner  than 
did  the  earlier  editions. 

Twenty-three  years  passed  before  the  fourth  edition  appeared  in  1902. 
This  work,  of  more  than  a  thousand  pages,  embodied  the  results  of  Dr.  Cor- 
win's  research  in  the  archives  of  Holland  during  the  years  1897- 1898,  at 
which  time  he  was  collecting  much  of  the  material  published  in  the  Eccles- 
iastical Records  of  the  State  of  New  York. 

In  1914  Dr.  Corwin  having  served  his  own  generation  by  the  will  of 
God  fell  asleep  and  the  present  author  became  the  heir  of  his  investigations. 

Historical  studies,  conducted  in  the  service  of  the  Collegiate  Reformed 
Protestant  Dutch  Church  of  the  City  of  New  York,  prepared  his  mind  for 
this  undertaking.  Accordingly,  in  the  midst  of  other  duties,  and  also  little 
realizing  the  magnitude  of  his  work,  he  took  up  the  task  in  the  summer  of 
1918. 

His  first  idea  was  merely  to  bring  the  Manual  of  1902  to  date.  But  as 
the  work  proceeded  such  treatment  was  found  to  be  inadequate.  Therefore 
Part  One,  the  History,  has  been  largely  rewritten,  and  the  results  of  the 
latest  investigation  embodied  in  it.  For  assistance  in  this  respect  grateful 
acknowledgment  is  due  to  Dr.  John  H.  Raven  of  the  Theological  Seminary 
at  New  Brunswick,  and  to  Dr.  A.  Eekhof  of  the  University  of  Leyden. 

The  latter  portion  of  Part  One  is  composed  of  chapters  on  the  various 
departments  of  the  activity  of  the  Church,  each  prepared  by  a  specialist  in  his 
own  field.    The  names  of  those  who  have  thus  enhanced  the  value  of  this  edi- 


IV  PREFACE  TO  THE   FIFTH    EDITION 

tion  of  the  Manual  are  given  at  the  heads  of  the  chapters  which  they  have 
prepared,  and  to  them  the  author  renders  thanks  for  their  service. 

In  the  preparation  of  Part  Two,  the  Ministry,  many  errors  in  the  for- 
mer editions  have  been  corrected,  and,  so  far  as  possible,  the  biographical 
notes  have  been  brought  down  to  date.  Although  the  multiplying  5  ears  had 
greatly  increased  the  number  of  names  to  be  treated,  the  author  realized 
that  it  was  necessary  to  keep  the  work  within  the  limits  of  one  volume. 
Therefore,  often  against  his  will,  he  felt  compelled  to  prune  the  sketches  with 
unsparing  hand,  and,  in  many  cases,  to  refer  for  information  to  earlier  edi- 
tions of  the  Manual.  Also,  for  the  sake  of  brevity,  the  names  of  the  native 
ministry  upon  the  foreign  mission  field  were  removed  from  their  alphabetical 
position.  But,  until  the  organization  of  the  independent  native  churches, 
they  are  to  be  found  in  the  tables  of  the  Chronological  List  of  Ministers 
at  the  back  of  the  volume.  While  the  work  was  in  press,  and,  after  exten- 
sive changes  had  become  impossible,  it  was  deemed  wise  to  print  Parts  Two 
and  Three  in  close  type,  thus  saving  about  two  hundred  pages  in  the  volume. 
The  book  is  not  therefore  as  large  as  had  been  expected. 

Part  Three,  the  Churches,  has  been  thoroughly  revised  and  brought  down 
to  date. 

Doubtless  among  so»  many  thousand  dates  there  remain  some  errors. 
These  are  caused  by  the  personal  equation,  or  by  following  mistaken  or 
inadequate  authority.  The  author  desires  pardon  for  them  and  requests  that 
as  they  are  found  they  may  be  reported  to  him. 

The  author  is  indebted,  not  only  to  the  brethren  already  named  and  to 
those  who  have  written  special  chapters,  but  to  the  Rev.  Henry  Lockwood, 
D.D.,  Stated  Clerk  of  General  Synod,  for  his  interest,  advice  and  assistance 
in  proof  reading;  to  the  stated  clerks  of  the  several  classes  and  Particular 
Synods,  and  to  many  others,  clerical  and  lay,  who  have  furnished  informa- 
tion, suggestions  and  corrections. 

Gratitude  is  also  due  to  the  General  Synod  of  1920  for  its  approval  of 
the  work  and  to  the  General  Synod  of  1921  for  providing  for  its  publication. 

May  the  acquaintance  with  our  Church's  life,  past  and  present,  fur- 
nished by  this  volume,  aid  its  membership  to  that  wisdom  which  has  knowl- 
edge of  the  times  to  know  what  Israel  ought  to  do.    - 

Charles  E.  Corwin,  Rocky  Hill,  N.  J. 
May  1st,  1922. 


Table  of  Contents 


INTRODUCTION. 

The  Reformed  Church  in  America.     Development  of  the  Name. 

I.  The  Netherlands  and   the   Dutch   People. 

II.  The  Genius  of  Protestantism. 

III.  The  Genius  of  the  Reformed  Church. 

IV.  The  Reformed   Church   in  Europe. 

Switzerland,   Germany,  France. 

The  Netherlands,  History,  Liturgy,  Doctrine,  Polity, 

Synod  of  Dort,  Bibliography. 

PART    FIRST. 

History  of  the  Reformed  Church   in  America. 

FIRST   PERIOD. 

The  Church  Under  the  West  India  Company,  1609-1664. 

Chapter  I. — Preparation  for  the  Church  in  America,  1581-1628. — Dutch 
Commerce  and  the  Missionary  Spirit. — The  East  India  Company  and 
Its  Discovery  of  New  Netherland. — The  Founding  of  the  West  India 
Company. — The  first  Colony  in  New  Netherland. — Care  for  Re- 
ligion.— Comforters   of   tha    Sick. — The   First    Place   of   Worship 1-5 

Chapter  II. — The  Founding  of  the  Church  in  America,  1628-1632. — 
Awaiting  a  Clergyman. — Michaelius. — The  Method  of  Church  Man- 
agement.— Michaelius'  Arrival. — The  Founding  of  the  Church. — 
Michaelius'  Labors  and  Troubles. — Retirement  from  the  Field. — 
Further   Mention   of   Michaelius 6—9 

Chapter  III. — Church  Life  in  the  Wilderness,  1632-1647. — Bogardus.  the 
Second  Pastor. — His  Character  and  Disputes. — Care  for  Religion. — 
Father  Jogues'  Account. — First  Church  Records. — The  Church  in  the 
Fort. — The  Indian  War. — Futher  Disputes. — Death  of  Bogardus, — 
etc. — The  Church  at  Fort  Orange. — Domine  Megapolensis  and  His 
Work    10-14 

Chapter  IV. — The  Church  Fully  Established  Under  the  West  India 
Company,  1647-1664. — Stuyvesant's  Rule. — Pastor  Backerus. — Meg- 
apc^lensis  in  New  Amsterdam. — Fort  Orange. — Pastorates  of  Mega- 
polensis and  Drisius. — Increasing  Dutch  Settlements  and  their  Re- 
ligious Progress. — Other  Religious  Bodies,  Roman  Catholics,  Lu- 
therans, Quakers,  etc.,  Jews. — Close  of  the  Dutch  Regime. — Au- 
thorities   for    the    Period 15-22 

SECOND     PERIOD. 

The  Struggle  of  the  Church  for  Civl  Freedom,  1664-1708. 

Chapter  V. — The  First  Years  of  the  Church  Under  the  English  Govern- 
ment, 1664-1674. — Effect  of  the  English  Conquest. — Form  of  Gov- 
ernment.— Conditions. — State  of  the  Dutch  Church  Under  the  Eng- 
lish.— Efforts  for  Improvement. — Reconquest  of  the  Colony  by  the 
Dutch  and  Brief  Reestablishment. — Return  of  the  Province  to  Eng- 
land.— Governor  Andros. — Dutch  Influence  in  New  York 23-27 


VI  TABLE    OF    CONTENTS 

Chapter  VI. — The  Church  Begins  Its  Struggle  for  Freedom,  1674-1688. — 
Condition  of  the  Country. — Andros'  Instruction. — Disputes. — Religious 
Bodies. — Favorable  Position  of  the  Dutch  Church. — The  Van  Rens- 
selaer Episode. — First  Dutch  Ordination  in  America. — Sects,  etc. — 
Dongan's  Instructions. — The  Popular  Assembly. — Fears  for  Lib- 
erty.— Accession  of  James  II. — Oppressive  Acts. — Pastor  Van  Nieu- 
wenhuysen  Succeeded  by  Selyns  in  New  York. — French  in  the  Col- 
ony.— Progress    and     Growth 28-33 

Chapter  VII. — The  Church  During  the  Leisler  Troubles,  1688-1692.— 
James  II  Deposed. — Accession  of  William  and  Mary. — Unexpected 
Effect  in  New  York. — Pear  of  Romanism. — The  Rise  of  Leisler. — 
His  Government. — Attitude  of  the  Churches  and  Clergy  Toward  Him. 
— Leisler's  Death  and  Its  Effect. — State  of  the  Dutch  Church  at 
this    Time     34-40 

Chapter  VIII. — The  Dutch  Church  and  the  Ministry  Act  with  Efforts 
for  a  Charter,  1692-1698. — Lessening  of  Religious  Freedom  in 
America. — Desire  to  Establish  the  Anglican  Church. — The  Ministry 
Act. — Effect  of  that  Act. — Desire  of  the  Dutch  Church  of  New  York 
for  a  Charter. — Success  in  Obtaining  a  Charter. — Trinity  Church  and 
Its  Affairs. — Other  Dutch  Church  Charters. — Chaplain  Miller's  Ac- 
count.— Tables  of  the  Churches  at  this  Time 41-47 

Chapter  IX. — The  Church  Emerging  From  the  Struggle  for  Civil  Free- 
dom, 1698-1708. — Bellomont  Succeeds  Fletcher. — Change  of  Policy. — 
Troublesome  Times. — An  Early  Children's  Day. — Dellius  and  the  Land 
Grants. — Law  Against  the  Roman  Catholic  Church. — Last  Attacks 
on  Liberty. — Governor  Cornbury. — His  Attitude. — His  Persecution  of 
Non-Anglicans. — Efforts  Against  the  Dutch  Church. — Various 
Troubles. — Removal  of  Cornbury. — Growth  of  the  Church. — Home  of 
a  Dutch  Burgher. — Ministerial  Society. — Moral  and  Religious  State 
of  the  Colony,  of  Negroes,  of  Indians. — Authorities  for  the  Second 
Period     48-55 

THIRD  PERIOD. 

The  Struggle  of  the  Church  for  Ecclesiastical  Freedom.    1708-1792. 

Chapter  X. — The  Growth  of  the  Church  Toward  Ecclesiastical  Free- 
dom, 1708-1747. — Changes  in  the  Country  Within  One  Hundred 
Years. — The  New  Air  of  Freedom. — Condition  of  the  Dutch  Churches. 
— Need  of  American  Ordinations. — Effect  of  this  Lack. — Coming  of 
the  Germans  and  Others. — Preparation  for  the  Great  Awakening. — 
Its  Effect  on  the  Reformed  Church. — Frelinghuysen,  His  Work  and 
the  Opposition  to  it. — Three  Effects  of  the  Great  Awakening. — 
Loo.sening  of  the  Ties  which  Bound  to  Europe. — Plans  for  a  Ccetus. — 
Failure. — Changing   Conditions. — New   Ministers,    etc 56-60 

Chapter  XI. — The  First  Period  of  Independence. — The  Coetus,  1747- 
1754. — Desire  for  Revival  of  the  Cojtus. — The  Ccetus  Revived. — The 
Weakness  of  the  Revived  Coetus. — Purpose  to  Turn  the  Ccetus  Into 
a  Classis. — Change  of  Opinion. — Hostility  of  the  Church  of  New 
York. — Reasons  for  the  Change. — Ritzema's  Ambition  for  a  Dutch 
Professorship  in  King's  College. — Frelinghuysen's  Efforts  for  a  Dutch 
College. — Turmoil. — 111  Feeling  Against  Ritzema. — The  Real  Cause 
of    the    Difficulties 61-64 

Chapter  XII. — Progress  and  Reaction.  1754-1768. — The  Ccetus-Conferen- 
tie  Controversy. — Development  of  Each  Party,  and  Their  Leaders. — 
Desire  for  the  Approval  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam. — Efforts  for 
Union. — The  Pamphlet  AVar. — Frelinghuysen's  Work  in  Holland,  etc. 
— Unsuccessful  Efforts  for  a  College  Charter. — Attempt  to  Settle 
the  Difficulties. — Progress  of  the  Conferentie. — The  Question  of 
Loyalty. — 111  Feeling. — Call  of  Laidlie  to  be  Engish  Preacher  in  New 
York. — A  Charter  for  Queen's  College. — Peace  Proposals. — The  Wan- 
ing of  the  Strife   65-68 


TABLE   OF    CONTENTS  Vll 

Chapter  XIII. — Union  and  Peace,  1768-1775. — Early  Life  of  John  Hen- 
ry Livingston. — His  Study  in  Holland. — His  Influence  There. — Dr. 
Witherspoon  in  Holland. — The  Plan  of  Union. — Its  Failure  and 
Effect. — Livingston  Called  to  New  York  City. — His  Efforts  for  Peace 
in  America. — The  Peace  Convention  of  1771. — Its  Plans. — They  are 
Approved  in  Holland. — The  Convention  of  1772. — Peace  and  In- 
dependence.— Progress  of  Events  Till  the  Revolution. — Church  Life 
During  this  Period. — Buildings.  Services. — The  Pastor's  Activity. — 
Weddings,  Funerals,  Lack  of  Schools,  etc. — The  Piety  of  Heart 69-74 

Chapter  XIV. — The  Reformed  Church  During  the  Period  of  Liberation, 
1775-1792. — The  Church  During  the  War,  etc. — Changes  at  its  Close. 
— Articles  of  Church  Government,  etc. — Synod  Organized. — Authori- 
ties for  the  Third  Period 75-79 

FOURTH  PERIOD. 
The  Free  Church  in  the  Free  State,  1792-1922. 

Chapter  XV. — The  First  Generation  Under  the  Constitution. — The  Re- 
formed Church  at  the  Dawn  of  the  Nineteenth  Century. — The 
Process  of  Americanization. — Her  Contribution  to  the  Life  of  the 
Youthful  Republic. — Her  Educated  Ministry. — Religious  Revival  in 
America. — Its  Results  in  the  Church. — Interest  in  Domestic  Mis- 
sions, in  Foreign  Misions,  in  Philanthropy. — Schism. — The  True  Re- 
formed   Dutch    Church. — Growth 80-8a 

Chapter  XVI. — Enlargement  and  Progress. — Renewed  Emigration  From 
Holland,  Its  Reasons  and  Character. — Reception  by  the  Reformed 
Church  of  America. — Difference  of  View. — Secession. — The  Advance 
of  the  Church  in  the  Face  of  Defection. — The  Different  Elements  in 
the  Church. — The  Patriotism  of  the  Church. — Enlarging  Vision. — 
Progress    84-90 

Chapter    XVII. — The    Methods    of    the    Church's    Activity. — Departments 
of  the  Church's  work. — Brief  Mention  of  them. — 
I.     The  History  of  the  Constitution. 
II.     Ecclesiastical   Bodies. 

III.  Educational  Institutions. 

1.     Colleges  and   Seminaries. 
1.     Schools  and   Academies. 

IV.  The  Benevolent  Work  of  the  Church. 
V.     The  Church  and  Public  Morals. 

VI.     Christian  Unity. 
Authorities  for  the  Fourth  Period 91-104 

SPECIAL   CHAPTERS. 

Chapter  XVIII. — Rutgers  College,  by  Rev.  W.  H.  S.  Demarest,  D.D., 
LL.D.,  President  of  Rutgers  College. — Dutch  Regard  for  Education. 
— The  Influence  of  Theodorus  Jacobus  Frelinghuysen. — Zeal  for  a 
Dutch  College. — Early  Efforts. — The  Charters,  the  Trustees,  the 
Choice  of  Location. — Opening  of  Queen's  College. — Early  Methods. — 
Situation. — The  First  Commencement. — A  Medical  School. — The  Col- 
lege Suspends  but  the  Grammar  School  Continues. — The  Covenant 
of  1807,  the  Reopening. — Queen's  Hall. — Dr.  Livingston  Becomes  Pres- 
ident.— Conditions. — The  Covenant  of  1824. — The  New  Name,  Rut- 
gers.— Dr.  Milledoler's  Administration. — The  Strain  Between  the 
Theological  and  Literary  Departments. — Development. — Dr.  Has- 
brouck's  Administration. — Further  Development. — Dr.  Frelinghuy- 
sen's  Administration. — Separation  of  the  College  and  the  Sem- 
inary.— Dr.  Campbell's  Administration. — Radical  Progress. — The  Col- 
lege Independent. — The  Founding  of  the  State  College. — Enlarge- 
ment.— Dr.    Gate's    Administration. — Further    Progress. — Dr.    Scott's 


Vin  TABLE    OF    CONTENTS 

Administration. — New  Buildings,  etc. — Dr.  Demarest's  Administra- 
tion.— The  Enlarged  Campus. — The  College  Farm. — Endowment. — 
College  for  Women. — Present  Relation  to  the  Reformed  Church.  .105-118 

Chapter  XIX. — History  of  the  Theological  Seminary  at  New  Bruns- 
wicl<,  N.  J.  ;  Revised  by  Rev.  J.  P.  Searle,  D.  D.,  President  of  the 
Seminary,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. — Difficulty  of  Supplying  Ministers 
for  Dutch  Churches  in  America. — The  Controversy  of  the  Ccetus  and 
Conferentie. — The  Union  of  the  Parties  and  Efforts  to  Pound  a  Theo- 
logical School.  Dr.  Livingston  Chosen  Professor  of  Theology. — 
Various  Efforts  to  Find  a  Secure  Foundation  for  a  Theological 
School. — Assistant  Teaching. — The  Covenant  of  1807. — Dr.  Living- 
ston's Removal  to  New  Brunswick. — Organization  of  the  Board  of 
Superintendents. — Growth  and  Change. — Separation  from  the  Col- 
lege, Buildings. — Progress  and  Vicissitude. — Increase  of  Funds  and 
Buildings. — Lectureships. — Changes  in  the  Faculty. — The  Centennial 
of  the  Seminary. — Growth. — The  Strenuous  Latter  Years  of  the  19th 
Century. — Many  Changes  and  Developments. — Enlarged  Endowment. 
— Lectorships  and  Lectureships. — The  Alumni  Association. — The 
Present   Faculty. — List  of   Professors   and   Lectors,    etc 119-140 

Chapter  XX. — Union  College  and  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,  by 
Rev.  William  N.  P.  Dailey,  Union,  1884. — Union  College,  a  Child  of 
the  Reformed  Church. — Desire  for  a  College  in  Northern  New  York. — 
The  Founding  of  the  College. — The  Sacrificial  Spirit. — Union  College 
and  Her  Gifts  to  the  Ministry. — The  Early  Presidents,  and  their 
Work. — The  Remarkaljle  Work  and  Influence  of  President  Nott.— 
Scientific  Progress  and  Great  Growth. — Successors  of  Dr.  Nott  and 
their  Work. — The  Administrations  of  Dr.  Raymond  and  Dr.  Rich- 
mond.^— The  Quality  of  the  Sons  of  Union. — Their  Useful  Activities, 
Especially  in  the  Ministry  and  on  the  Mission  Field. — Their  Re- 
lation  to  the  Reformed   Church 141-146 

Chapter  XXI. — History  of  Hope  College,  by  Rev.  S.  C.  Nettinga,  D.D.. 
Professor  of  Historical  Theology  in  the  W,  T.  S.,  R.  C.  A. — Hope 
College  the  Child  of  the  Faith  of  the  Dutch  Immigrants. — Providen- 
tial Preparation. — The  Beginnings. — Strengthening  the  Stakes. — 
The  College  Opened. — Early  Days — Character  and  Object  of  the 
College. — The   Critical   Period. — Progress. — The  Fruits  of  Faith.  .  147-153 

Chapter  XXII. — History  of  the  Western  Theological  Seminary,  by  Rev. 
S.  C.  Nettinga,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Historical  Theology  in  the  W.  T.  S. 
R.  C.  A. — Sadness  and  Admiration  at  the  Story. — The  Beginnings  of 
the  Seminary. — Difficulties. — Suspension. — Restoration  of  Theology. — 
Forward  Steps. — A  Second  Profe.ssorship. — A  Lectorship. — Buildings. 
— Further  Advance. — Change  in  Professorships. — The  Results  of  Its 
Life    154-162 

Chapter  XXIII. — History  of  Central  College,  by  Rev.  S.  C.  Nettinge, 
D  D.,  Prof,  of  Historical  Theology  in  the  "W.  T.  S.,  R.  C.  A. — Cen- 
tral College,  Its  Location,  etc. — Its  Origin  as  a  College  of  the  Re- 
formed Church. — Its  Previous  History. — Its  Character  and  Pur- 
pose.— Evidence    of    Progress 163-165 

Chapter  XXIV. — History  of  Academies,  by  Rev.  S.  C.  Nettinga,  D.D., 
Profes.sor  of  Historical  Theology  in  the  W.  T.  S.,  R.  C.  A. — I.  The 
Northwestern  Classical  Academy. — II.  Pleasant  Prairie  Academy. — 
III.   The    Wisconsin    Memorial    Academy 166-167 

Chapter  XXV. — Young  People's  Societies,  by  Rev.  A.  D.  W.  Mason, 
D.D. — The  Church's  Interest  in  the  Young. — Catechetical  Instruc- 
tion.— Sunday  Schools. — The  Young  People's  Society  of  Christian 
Endeavor. — Its  Beginning  and  Growth  Within  the  Reformed  Church. 
— The  Christian  Endeavor  Missionary  League. — Changes  in  Method. 
— Progress   Continues    168-170 


TABLE   OF    CONTENTS  IX 

Chapter  XXVI. — The  Board  of  Education,  Revised  by  Rev.  John  G. 
Gebhard,  D.D.— Early  Efforts  to  Aid  Students  for  the  Ministry.— 
Pounding  of  the  Board  of  Education.— New  Life  for  the  Educational 
Institutions  of   the   Church.— Funds   for   the   Work. — Requirements.— 

The  Officers  of  the  Board. — Incorporation  and  Rules 171-174 

Chapter  XXVII. — The  Periodicals  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America, 
by  Rev.  James  Boyd  Hunter.  Editor  of  the  Christian  Intelligencer 
and  Mission  Field. — Missionary  Periodicals. — The  Magazine  of  the 
Reformed  Dutch  Church.— The  Christian  Intelligencer.— Its  Long. 
Useful  and  Anxious  History.— The  Effect  of  the  War.— The  Combina- 
tion of  the  Christian  Intelligencer  and  Mission  Field. — Western  Pe- 
riodicals.—The    Leader,    De    Hope,    Die    Mitarbeiter.— The    Somerset 

Church    News    175-177 

Chapter  XXVIII. — History  of  Foreign  Missions,  Revised  by  Rev.  Wm. 
I.  Chamberlain,  Ph.D.,  D.D.,  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Foreign 
Missions. — Christianity  a  Missionary  Religion. — Early  Missions. — 
Missions  After  the  Reformation. — Early  Dutch  Missions. — Dutch  and 
English  Missionary  Activity  in  America  During  the  Colonial  Period. 
The  Revival  of  Missionary  Interest  in  the  Latter  Years  of  the  18th 
Century. — The  Reformed  Church  and  Missions. — First  Period. — Early 
Efforts,  1796-1832. — Various  Missionary  Societies  and  their  Work. — 
Second  Period — Co-operation  With  the  American  Board,  1832-1857. — 
Early  Foreign  Missionaries  and  Their  Work. — Third  Period  ;  Sep- 
aration From  the  American  Board. — Independent  Action,  1857. — 
Other  Opportunities. — Comparative  Summary,  1858-1900-1921. — 
Woman's  Board  of  Foreign  Missions. — Amoy  Mission,  1842;  Its  Be- 
ginnings ;  Evangelistic  Work ;  Educational  Work ;  Medical  Work ; 
Mission  Comity. — Arcot  Mission,  1853. — Beginnings. — Preach  the  Gos- 
pel ;  Evangelize  ;  Day  Schools,  Boarding  Schools,  Arcot  Seminary. — 
Industrial  and  Medical  Work. — Literary  Work. — Union  and  Inde- 
pendence.— Japan  Mission,  1859. — Opening  of  Japan. — The  Great  Men 
and  Small  Beginnings.— Translations. — The  First  Church. — United 
Church  of  Christ  in  Japan. — Its  \Vork. — Division  Into  North  and 
South  Missions  and  Reunion. — Educational  Work  and  Various  Insti- 
tutions.— Independent  Activity. — Arabian  Mission,  1889. — Early 
Plans. — The  First  Missionaries  and  Their  Stations. — Progress  of  the 
Work  — Medical  Work. — Results  of  the  War  and  Present  Condi- 
tion      1^8-218 

Chapter  XXIX. — History  of  Domestic  Missions,  Revised  by  William  T. 
Demarest,  LL.D.,  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions. — 
First  Period,  1786-1806. — America  Missionary  Ground. — Early  Ef- 
forts and  Methods. — Second  Period,  1806-1822. — A  Committee  on 
Missions. — Changes,  Growth. — Third  Period,  1822-1831. — New  life. — 
The  Missionary  Society. — Changes. — Fourth  Period,  1831-1879. — 
The  Board  of  Missions  Character  of  the  Work. — Growth. — Fifth 
Period,  1879-1922. — Conditions  in  1879. — A  Program  of  Enlargement. 
— Women's  Executive  Committ  e  Indian  Wor\.  Mountain  Work. — 
Spread    Westward. — Work    for    Foreigners. — Church    Building    Fund 

Advance. — Changes    of    Officers 219-_-9 

Chapter  XXX. — The  Progress  Campaign  and  the  Future,  by  Rev.  John 
A.  Ingham,  D.D.,  Secretary  of  Reformed  Church  Progress  Cam- 
paign.— Status  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  1900. — Growth. — Sum- 
mary of  Progress  From  1841  to  1921. — Efforts  Toward  Church  Union. 
— Effects. — Influence  of  the  War. — Inter-Church  ^Vorld  Movement. — 
Its  Collapse.— The  Good  Results. — The  Reformed  Church  After 
Lengthening  Its  Cords  Now  Strengthens  Its  Stakes. — Methods  and 
Outlook     230-234 


X  TABLE    OF    CONTENTS 

PART    SECOND. 
The  Ministry    235-606 

PART   THIRD. 
The  Churches    697-721 

APPENDIX. 

Chronological    List    of    the    Ministers    of    the    Reformed     (Dutch)    Church 

in   America    1628-1922-723-763 

Chronological  List  of  the  Congregations  of  the  Reformed    (Dutch)   Church 

in   America    1628-1922-765-777 

Addenda     779-781 

Errata    782 

(This  Table  of  Contents  is  considered  a  sufficient  Index.) 


Abbreviations 


A.   C Amherst   College. 

A.   G Amsterdam  Gymnasium. 

A.  S Andover    Seminary. 

Al.  S Allegheny  Seminary. 

Arn.    C Arnheim   College,    Holland. 

A.  R.  S Associate  Refd.   Seminary. 

Aub.    S Auburn   Seminary. 

B.  C Beloit  College. 

Bl.  Schl,  or  Sem Bloomfleld  School  or  Seminary. 

C.  C Columbia  College. 

C.   C.  N.  Y College  of  the  City  of  New  York. 

Ch.  R.  S Christian  Refd.   Seminary,  Grand  Rap- 
ids. 

C.    N.   J College  of  New  Jersey. 

Cor.    U Cornell  University. 

C.   U Columbia  University. 

C.  U.  I.,  or  Cent.   Co Central  College  or  University  of  Iowa. 

D.  C Dickinson  College. 

Day.    C Davidson  College. 

Dub.  C.  and   Sem Dubuque  College  and  Seminary. 

P.  and  M.  C Franklin  and  Marshall  College. 

Glas.    U Glasgow  University. 

G.  R.  M.  H Ger.     Refd.     Miss.     Home,     Sheboygan, 

Wis. 

Gum.    G *. Gumbinnen  Gymnasium,  Germany. 

Gron.    Univ Groningen  University. 

Ham.   C Hamilton   College. 

H.  T.  S Hartford  Theological  Seminary. 

Hob.  C Hobart  College. 

H.    C Hope  College. 

H.    S Hope  or  Holland   Seminary. 

Har.  U Harvard  College  or  University. 

la.  C Iowa  College. 

111.    C Illinois  College. 

J.  C Jefferson  College. 

K.    C Kalamazoo  College. 

L.  P.  C LaPayette  College. 

Leyd.   U Leyden    University. 

McA.    C ; McAllister    College. 

McCor.    Sem McCormick  Seminary. 

M.   C Middlebury  College. 

M.    U Michigan  University. 

M.  H.   C Mission  House  College. 

M.   H.   S Mission  House  Seminary. 

N.  B.  S New   Brunswick   Seminary. 

N.  W.  S Northwestern   Seminary. 

N.  Y.  U.  or  U.  N.  Y New  York  University. 

P.    S Princeton   Seminary. 

P.   U Princeton  University. 

Q.    C.    or   R.    C Queens  College  or  Rutgers  College. 

S.   A Schenectady  Academy. 

S.    G Stuttgart   Gymnasium. 

U.    C Union  College. 


Xll  ABBREVIATIONS 

U  S.   or   U.    T.    S Union    Seminary. 

U.   G University  of  Gratz,   Ger. 

U.   M University  of  Marburg-,  Ger. 

U.   Pa University  of  Pa. 

Ut.    U Utrecht    University. 

W.     C Williams     College     and     also     Without 

Charge. 

W.   M.    C Western   Medical   College. 

W.   R.    C Western   Reserve  College. 

W.   S.  or  W.   T.   S Western   Seminary,  Holland.  Mich. 

Y.   C Yale  College. 

Y.    S Yale   Seminary. 

Y.   U Yale  University. 

Other  abbreviations  are  sufficiently  obvious. 


Introduction 


THE  REFORMED  CHURCH  IN  AMERICA. 

That  body  of  Christians  whose  present  official  title  is  "The  Reformed 
Church  in  America,"  has,  during  its  history,  been  known  by  various  names. 
The  letters  from  Holland  addressed  to  the  early  churches  of  this  body  in 
America  called  them,  "The  Reformed  Dutch  Churches  in  New  York  and 
New  Jersey."  With  the  expansion  of  the  denomination  after  the  Revolution- 
ary War,  the  title  appears,  "The  Reformed  Dutch  Churches  in  North  Amer- 
ica." At  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  in  1792,  the  name  employed  inci- 
dentally in  the  Minutes  of  the  Synod  is,  "The  Dutch  Reformed  Church  in 
North  America.  But  the  name  on  the  title  page  of  the  first  edition  of  the  Consti- 
tution, printed  in  1793,  is  "The  Reformed  Dutch  Church  in  the  United  States 
of  America."  The  same  name  was  used  in  the  second  edition  of  1815.  In 
subsequent  editions  appears,  "The  Refd.  Dutch  Ch.  of  North  America."  In 
the  Act  of  Incorporation  in  1819  the  title  is,  "The  Reformed  Protestant 
Dutch  Church."    This  then  became  the  official  name  of  the  Church. 

During  the  middle  decades  of  the  nineteenth  century  the  Church  with  its 
fellows  was  subjected  to  the  fusion  of  the  great  New  World  melting  pot, 
in  which  they  all  were  cast,  and  became  thoroughly  Americanized.  After 
1840,  the  sentiment  developed  thaj  the  word  "Dutch"  was  no  longer  appro- 
priate in  the  title  of  the  Church.  Nearly  a  generation  of  discussion  followed 
and  in  1867  the  word  "Dutch"  was  dropped  and  the  official  title  of  the  Church 
became,  "The  Reformed  Church  in  America."' 

As  fossils,  preserved  in  rock,  testify  to  the  process  of  creation,  so  these 
various  terms,  employed  in  the  name  of  the  Church,  reveal  the  progress  of 
the  Reformed  Church  in  America  from  its  infancy  to  its  present  maturity. 

Considering  the  phrases  "in  America,"  "in  North  America"  and  "in  the 
United  States"  as  equivalent,  five  component  elements  in  the  full  title  of  the 
Church  arc  found.  Arranging  these  in  chronological  sequence  the  name 
obtained  is,  "The  Dutch  Protestant  Reformed  Church  in  New  York  and  New 
Jersey  in  America."  Each  of  these  words  and  phrases  is  the  symbol  of  an 
important  fact  by  which  the  history  of  the  Chbrch  may  be  traced. 

The  word  "Dutch"  speaks  of  the  people  among  whom  the  Church  origi- 
nated.   They  were  the  Dutch  nation  inhabiting  the  land  of  Holland. 

The  word  "Protestant"  shows  that  the  Church  belonged  to  that  grand 
division  of  Christians  who  protested  against  the  Roman  form  of  faith  and 
practice. 

The  word  "Reformed"  tells  of  the  minor  division  within  Protestantism 
which  distinguished  the  school  of  Calvin  from  that  of  Luther. 

The  phrase  "In  New  York  and  New  Jersey"  reveals  the   fact  that  the 


'See  E.  T.  Corwin'.s  Digest  of  Synodical  Legislation  R.C.A..  p.  755.  1906. 
Also  see  the  article  on  the  history  of  the  name  in  the  Appendix  to  Minutes 
of  General  Synod,  1867. 


XIV  INTRODUCTION 

Church  had  been  carried  from  the  place  of  its  seeding  across  the  western 
sea,  and  planted  in  the  Dutch  provinces  on  either  side  the  Hudson  River. 

"In  America"  stands  for  the  wider  field  of  its  larger  growth.  On  the 
American  continent  it  has  become  one  of  the  trees  of  the  Kingdom  of 
Christ,  hard  by  the  River  of  the  Water  of  Life.  There  its  mission  is  to 
yield  its  fruits  every  month,  and  with  the  other  trees  of  its  Master's  gar- 
den, to  scatter  its  leaves  far  and  wide  for  the  healing  of  the  nations. 

I.     THE  NETHERLANDS   AND   THE   DUTCH   PEOPLE. 

As  the  strife  of  war  makes  the  territory  between  contending  armies  a  "No 
Man's  Land,"  so  in  the  region  where  the  Rhine  through  many  mouths 
debouches  into  the  North  Sea,  the  battle  of  the  waves  and  sands  made  the 
country  a  "No  Man's  Land,"  seemingly  unfit  for  habitation.  Because  of 
its  low  position  it  is  called  the  Netherland  and  the  term  Holland,  that  is 
Hollowland,  expresses  the  nature  of  the  country  as  scooped  out,  lying  lower 
than  the  sea. 

But  before  the  dawn  of  history  hardy  adventurers  of  Celtic  and  Teutonic 
stock  had  settled  there.  Under  somber  skies  they  aided  the  ground  in  its 
struggle  with  the  water,  and,  little  by  little,  gardens  smiled  in  the  midst  of 
the  watery  desert,  and  villages  were  founded  where  the  surf  had  broken. 

In  Roman  times  the  territory  was  inhabited  in  the  north  by  the  Frisii,  bj' 
the  Batavi  in  the  centre  and  by  the  Belgae  in  the  south.  Nature  had  trained 
these  peoples  in  a  hard  school  until  their  bodies  were  strong,  their  minds  clear 
and  persevering  and  their  souls  free.  The  Mistresses  of  the  World  found  the 
complete  subjugation  of  such  freemen  impossible  and  was  glad  to  make  them 
her  allies.  With  the  waning  of  the  Roman  power  the  Netherlands  were  over- 
run by  barbarous  hordes  of  Northmen  and  others  from  the  east.  These, 
mingling  with  the  earlier  inhabitants  added  to  their  strength  and  caught 
their  spirit  of  freedom  and  enterprise.  While  old  names  gave  place  to  new 
the  people  continued  essentially  the  same. 

The  Celtic  tribes  of  the  Netherlands  were  governed  by  a  priestly  ca.ste 
and  worshipped  with  bloody  sacrifices,  but  the  Teutonic  tribes  had  no  priest- 
hood and  without  temples  worshipped  an  Almighty  Father.  The  sword  of 
Pepin  and  of  Charles  the  Great  was  not  able  to  win  these  fierce  heathen  to 
the  allegiance  of  the  cross,  but  what  force  could  not  do  the  gentle  English 
missionary  Willibrord,  assisted  by  Boniface,  the  apo.stle  of  Germany  and  by 
others  was  able  to  accomplish.  By  the  year  800  the  cross  had  taken  root 
and  the  ancient  idols  were  falling  before  it.  But  while  Christ  was  accepted 
as  King,  the  sturdy  people  of  the  Netherlands,  especially  in  the  north,  never 
rendered  a  heart  obedience  to  his  so-called  vicar  upon  earth,  the  Pope  of 
Rome. 

The  nominal  control  which  Charles  the  Great  had  acquired  over  the  coun- 
try was  lost  at  his  death  and  various  small,  semi-independent  states  devel- 
oped. The  more  northern  of  these  were  distinctly  Teutonic  in  character, 
while  the  southern  were  markedly  French.  The  spirit  of  their  fathers  who 
had  conquered  the  sea  was  in  the  blood  of  them  all.  They  were  proud  of 
their  determination  and  energy  and  could  properly  assume  the  name  "Dutch" 
that  is  preeminently  the  "People." 


INTRODUCTION  XV 

After  the  introduction  of  Christianity  and  during  the  centuries  of  practical 
independence  the  Netherland  provinces  made  unusual  progress  in  civihza- 
tion.  Many  of  their  men  of  valor  joined  in  the  Crusades  and  brought  back 
to  their  gloomy  northern  homes  the  intellectual  and  material  spoils  of  the 
south  and  east. 

Great  engineering  works  were  undertaken  and  more  land  was  redeemed 
from  the  sea.  Intensive  agriculture  increased  the  food  supply,  the  towns 
hummed  with  manufacture  and  business.  The  canals  were  full  of  laden 
boats  and  the  harbors  with  the  high  sterned  ships  of  those  days. 

Industry  begat  wealth  and  wealth  gave  leisure.  Leisure  became  the  mother 
of  art  and  culture.  No  other  part  of  Europe  was  so  rich  or  busy,  and  none 
other,  save  the  Italian  states,  was  so  intelligent  and  refined.  The  southern 
cities,  Bruges,  Ghent  and  Antwerp  were  especially  flourishing.  In  fact  at  the 
beginning  of  the  sixteenth  century  Antwerp  was  the  metropolis  of  Europe. 
All  this  had  been  accomplished  upon  a  poor  soil  and  with  exceptionally  small 
natural  resources  because  the  people,  trained  by  their  age  long  struggle  with 
the  sea,  had  become  the  most  determined,  energetic  and  freedom  loving  people 
in  the  world. 

But  while  civilization  was  advancing  the  general  course  of  political  events 
had  been  sinister.  Jealous  neighbors  looked  askance  at  such  growing  pros- 
perity. In  1369  a  marriage  alliance  between  the  House  of  Flanders  and  that 
of  Burgundy  gave  the  ambitious  Burgandian  dukes  a  foothold  in  the  Neth- 
erlands, which  they  used  to  bring  the  whole  country  under  their  sway.  The 
Hapsburg-Burgundian  alliance,  cemented  by  the  marriage  of  Maximilian 
of  Austria  and  Mary  of  Burgundy  in  1477,  made  the  Netherlands  an  appan- 
age of  the  House  of  Hapsburg.  The  Emperor,  Charles  V,  the  grandson  of 
Maximilian,  in  1549,  formally  united  this  rich  inheritance  with  the  Spanish 
crown.  Thus  the  freedom  loving  states  of  the  Netherlands  by  the  selfish 
machinations  of  princes,  without  their  consent,  and  almost  without  their 
appreciation,  had  become  merely  a  portion  of  a  great  world  empire. 

At  this  time  the  Netherlands  comprised  the  four  duchies  of  Brabant, 
Gelderland,  Limburg  and  Luxemburg;  the  seven  counties  of  Artois,  Flan- 
ders, Hainault,  Holland,  Namur,  Zutphen  and  Zeeland ;  the  margraviate  of 
Antwerp,  and  the  seigniories  of  Friesland,  Groningen,  Mechlin,  Overyssel 
and  Utrecht.  These  provinces  were  largely  independent  of  each  other  and 
prized  their  independence.  The  States  General,  to  which  each  sent  deputies, 
served  to  unify  them  to  some  extent,  but  like  the  American  Continental  Con- 
gress, it  was  a  rope  of  sand,  for  it  lacked  the  power  of  legislation  or  taxa- 
tion. Only  in  the  fires  of  oppression  and  persecution  could  these  diverse 
states  be  welded  into  one  nation.  In  the  Spanish  dominion  the  furnace  was 
provided. 

II.     THE  GENIUS  OF  PROTESTANTISM. 

Since  the  word  "Protestant"  is  embedded  in  the  strata  of  the  title  of  the 
Reformed  Church  in  America,  it  is  proper  to  consider  the  genius  of  Pro- 
testantism, for  it  betokens  the  fundamental  spirit  of  that  Church. 

The  word  itself  is  purely  negative  and  therefore  unworthy  of  a  great  divis- 


XVI  INTRODUCTION 

ion  of  Christendom.  It  was  originally  applied  to  those  German  princes,  who 
at  the  Diet  of  Spires  in  1529  protested  against  the  annulment  of  the  degree 
of  the  Diet  of  Spires  of  1526.  This  decree  had  called  upon  the  emperor  to 
summon  a  general  council,  and  in  the  meantime  allow  each  prince  to  manage 
the  religious  affairs  of  his  own  territory.  But  the  word  has  become  too  well 
established  to  be  changed. 

Protestantism  starts  with  the  practical  question :  How  can  the  troubled 
conscience  find  peace.  It  retains  from  the  Catholic  system  the  objective  doc- 
trines of  Christianity  concerning  the  Godhead  and  the  Person  and  Work  of 
Christ.  But  it  joined  issue  with  the  prevailing  system  regarding  subjective, 
experimental  Christianity, — the  method  of  the  sinners'  approach  to  God  and 
the  expression  of  his  faith. 

The  two  fundamental  doctrines  of  Protestantism  are  the  sv:premacy  of  the, 
word  of  God  and  the  sufficiency  of  the  saving  grace  of  Christ.  The  former 
proclaims  the  word  of  God,  that  is,  the  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Testa- 
ments to  be  the  rule  of  faith  and  practice,  and  asserts  the  right  of  the  private 
interpretation  of  them.  This  is  in  contrast  to  the  Roman  view  which  makes 
tradition  of  equal  value  and  the  Church  the  final  authority  both  in  regard  to 
Scripture  and  tradition. 

The  sufficiency  of  the  grace  of  Christ,  the  second  fundamental  doctrine  of 
Protestantism,  gives*  all  glory  to  Christ  as  the  author  of  salvation.  It  de- 
clares that  the  sinner  is  justified  before  God,  not  because  of  any  work  of  his 
own,  but  solely  because  of  the  work  of  Christ.  This  is  in  opposition  to  the 
Roman  doctrine  that  faith  and  works  are  coordinate  grounds  of  salvation. 
Protestantism  however,  does  not  hold  the  doctrine  of  faith  without  works 
in  the  sense  that  it  denies  the  necessity  of  good  works  as  an  evidence  of 
salvation  received. 

To  these  two  prominent  principles  of  Protestantism  belongs  as  a  corollary 
the  doctrine  of  the  universal  priesthood  of  believers  and  the  right  and  duty 
of  the  laity  both  to  interpret  the  Scripture  without  clerical  aid  and  to  take 
part  in  the  government  of  the  Church. 

Experience  has  shown  that  Protestantism  runs  great  danger  of  fanaticism 
in  doctrine  and  division  in  practice.  But  even  in  the  midst  of  its  errors  it 
trains  the  mind  and  heart  toward  spiritual  maturity  as  no  system  of  ecclesias- 
tical authority  can  do.  When  its  work  is  completed  the  subject  has  advanced 
into  the  glorious  liberty  of  the  Sons  of  God. 

III.     THE  GENIUS  OF  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH. 

Early  in  the  Reformation  period  differences  of  view  began  to  appear  be- 
tween the  German  and  the  Swiss  reformers.  In  1529  German  delegates 
with  Luther  at  their  head  and  Swiss  under  Zwingli  met  at  Marburg  for  the 
purpose  of  consolidating  the  great  task  to  which  they  had  set  their  hands. 

The  nature  of  the  Lord's  Supper  was  presented  for  discussion  and  radical 
disagreement  immediately  results.  Luther  wrote  with  chalk  upon  the  cover 
of  the  table  the  words  :  "Hoc  est  meum  corpus,"  and  refused  to  budge  from 
the  literal  sense.  Zwingli  insisted  that  the  bread  and  wine  were  symbolic 
and  the  Supper  of  the  nature  of  a  memorial.     When  they  could  not  agree 


INTRODUCTION  XVll 

th^  Swiss  reformer  with  tears  offered  the  liand  of  fellowship  to  Luther  which- 
was  refused. 

Luther  held  that  because  of  the  union  of  the  divine  and  human  nature  in. 
Christ  his  bod}'  was  ubiquitous.  Hence  there  was  a  supernatural  imion  of 
the  body  and  blood  of  Christ  with  the  bread  and  wine  in  the  Supper.  In  his 
view  the  communicant  received  the  body  and  blood  of  Christ  "in,  with  and 
under  the  form  of  bread." 

The  bareness  of  Zwingli's  view  was  subsequently  modified  by  Calvin.  He 
taught  that  the  presence  of  Christ  in  the  supper  was  real  in  a  spiritual  sense. 
While  the  body  of  Christ  remained  in  heaven  the  true  communicant  receivedi 
its  virtue  by  a  wonderful  spiritual  process. 

Luther  and  Calvin  agreed  as  to  the  doctrine  of  the  divine  sovereignty.  But 
the  former  held  it  not  as  a  matter  for  philosopohical  speculation  but  as  a 
religious  tenet,  too  deep  for  human  understanding.  Hence  it  was  not  empha- 
sized in  his  system  and  was  subject  to  modification  in  the  course  of  time. 
Calvin  speculated  upon  it  and  emphasized  it.  In  his  writing  it  assumed  a 
settled  form  and  thus  was  bequeathed  to  the  Churches  which  inherited  his- 
systein. 

It  has  been  said  that  Luther  and  his  followers  were  chiefly  opposed  to  the 
Judaism  of  the  Roman  Church,  while  the  Calvinists  fought  against  its  Pag- 
anism. The  former  paid  more  attention  to  tradition  and  accepted  more  of 
the  ceremony  which  the  years  had  made  dear  to  many  Christian  hearts.  The 
latter  broke  more  completely  with  the  past  and  more  exclusively  robed  uporh 
the  authority  of  Scripture.  Calvinism  has  often  erred  however  in  not  dis- 
tinguishing between  the  different  stages  of  Scriptural  revelation  and  thus, 
sometimes  has  made  the  mistake  of  grounding  its  conduct  upon  Old  Testa- 
ment example  rather  than  upon  New  Testament  principle. 

Both  Reformation  groups  adopted  the  Presbyterian  polity  but  the  disciples: 
of  Luther  insisted  more  on  the  rights  of  princes  while  the  disciples  of  Calvin^ 
emphasized  the  rights  of  the  people.  Hence  Calvinism  became  more  truly 
than  Lutheranism  the  parent  of  democracy. 

Even  within  the  Reformer's  life  time  the  Roman  Catholics  began  to  calli 
the  churches  which  Luther  had  founded  by  his  name.  To  this  he  strenuously 
objected  but  without  avail.  From  the  Lutheran  Church  of  Germany  a  mighty 
stream  of  Christian  doctrine  and  practice  has  flowed  forth  into  Central 
Europe.  Overflowing  national  boundaries  it  extends  toward  the  ends  of  the,- 
earth. 

The  name  "Reformed  Church"  did  not  appear  so  early  as  did  that  of  the 
Lutheran.  The  followers  of  Calvin  had  no  settled  title  until  the  Conference 
at  Poissy,  France,  in  1561.  There  Beza  in  the  presence  of  the  French  court 
presented  the  Reformed  doctrine  with  so  great  erudition  and  with  such  win- 
someness  that  it  seemed  for  a  time  as  if  he  would  carry  all  before  him.  But 
the  conference  was  barren  of  results  except  that  a  name  was  found  for  the 
followers  of  the  Swiss  Reformation.  From  that  time  they  were  known  as 
the  Reformed  Church. 

The  influence  of  the  Reformed  Church,  rising  in  Switzerland,  touching 
upon  Germany,  overflowed  into  France,  and  thence  descended  into  the  Neth- 
erlands.   There  it  became  the  source  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America. 


XVlll  INTRODUCTION 

IV.  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH  IN  EUROPE. 

The  Reformation  is  the  historic  name  for  the  religious  movement  which 
divided  the  Western  Church  into  two  opposing  parts  and  gave  rise  to  the  var- 
ious Protestant  bodies.  It  had  three  chief  branches :  the  Lutheran  which 
arose  in  Germany  and  influenced  mainly  the  nations  of  northern  Europe  with 
the  exception  of  the  Netherlands ;  the  Anglican  which  arose  in  England 
and  followed  a  course  less  remote  from  that  of  the  ancient  Church;  and  the 
Reformed  which  arose  in  Switzerland,  took  some  hold  in  Germany,  spread 
in  France  and  the  Netherlands  and  thence  was  carried  to  America.  Only 
of  the  last  of  these  branches  of  the  Reformation  does  this  discussion  treat. 

Switzerland. 

The  Reforrhed  movement  began  independently  in  Switzerland  at  about  the 
time  that  Luther  was  preparing  to  strike  his  first  blow  in  Germany.  Ulrich 
Zwingli  began  his  reformatory  preaching  in  the  German  cantons  of  Switzer- 
land in  1516.  Before  his  death  in  battle  in  1531.  the  Reformed  doctrine  had 
taken  a  strong  hold  of  the  popular  mind.  The  death  of  Zwingli  and  some 
of  his  associates  gave  "a  sudden  check  to  the  movement  in  the  German  por- 
tions of  Switzerland,  but  it  took  a  new  start  in  the  French  cantons  and  rose 
to  a  higher  position  than  ever.  Just  at  this  juncture,  the  great  master  mind 
of  the  Reformed  Church  appeared  in  Geneva,  a  refugee  from  France. 

Under  the  influence  of  John  Calvin  the  beautiful  city  at  the  foot  of  the 
Lake  of  Geneva  became  the  asylum  for  persecuted  Protestants  from  all 
lands,  and  its  Church  the  model  of  a  Reformed  communion.  Here  Calvin 
developed  his  extraordinary  genius  and  energy  as  the  greatest  theologian  and 
disciplinarian  of  the  Reformation.  From  his  mighty  personality  spread 
abroad  his  theological  system  and  his  ecclesiastical  polity  until  the  impress  of 
his  mind  and  heart  was  upon  all  Reformed  communions.  Beza  and  BuU- 
inger,  two  worthy  successors  of  the  master  mind  of  the  Reformed  Church, 
labored  until  the  end  of  the  century,  and  consolidated  the  work  already 
begun. 

Germany. 

From  Switzerland  the  Reformed  faith  passed  into  the  German  Palatinate 
and  was  joyfully  received.  Here  the  Reformed  Church  of  Germany  was 
born,  and  the  Heidelberg  Catechism,  the  chief  symbol  of  the  Reformed  faith, 
appeared  in  1563.'  From  the  Palatinate  the  Reformed  Church  spread  into 
several  German  states  and  into  neighboring  countries.  But  it  was  unable  to 
compete  with  Lutheranism  upon  German  territory,  and  beyond  those  bounds 
it  was  speedily  crushed  by  persecution.  Therefore  the  influence  of  the  Re- 
formed Church  in  Germany  is  comparatively  unimportant. 


•This  Catechism  was  also  translated  from  the  original  German  into 
Dutch  in  1563,  a  fact  long  doubted.  A  copy  of  that  first  edition,  perhaps 
the  only  one  extant,  found  in  the  library  of  Professor  Doedes,  was 
secured  bv  Dr.  E.  T.  Corwin  while  in  Ho'land  in  1898,  and  is  now 
deposited  in  the  library  of  the  Collegiate  Church.  New  York  City. 


INTRODUCTION  XIX 


France. 


Advancing  west  and  south  from  Switzerland  the  Reformed  Church  entered 
France,  Italy  and  Spain.  In  the  two  latter  countries  it  was  soon  destroyed, 
but  in  France,  in  spite  of  the  opposition  of  the  court,  the  priesthood  and  the 
common  people,  it  gained  a  foothold.  Its  root  was  watered  with  the  blood 
of  Martyrs  and  this  seemed  to  fertilize  the  soil.  By  1559  there  were  more 
than  two  thousand  Reformed  congregations  scattered  throughout  France.  In 
that  year  the  first  General  Synod  was  held  in  Paris.  In  1571  the  General 
Synod  meeting  at  La  Rochelle  adopted  the  so  called  Gallican  Confession 
and  a  system  of  government  essentially  Calvinistic. 

The  Reformed  movement  assumed  a  political  aspect  and  civil  war  ensued. 
The  Roman  Catholic  party  had  the  support  of  the  throne  and  of  a  majority 
of  the  people.  The  Reformed  (Huguenot)  party  was  led  by  the  princes  of 
Navarre  and  contained  some  of  the  noblest  and  best  men  of  France.  The 
awful  massacre  of  St.  Bartholomew  in  1572  dealt  them  a  staggering  blow- 
but  they  soon  recovered  from  it.  With  the  accession  of  Henry  IV  and  the 
promulgation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes  in  1598,  the  prospects  of  the  Reformed 
Church  grew  very  bright. 

The  period  that  followed  was  the  halcyon  time  for  the  French  Reformed 
Church.  Congregations  multiplied,  growing  in  numbers,  intelligence  and 
grace.  Schools  and  colleges  were  founded  and  great  preachers  occupied  the 
pulpits.  The  Reformed  faith  took  hold  of  the  best  portion  of  the  people  and 
its  influence  far  outstripped  its  numbers. 

But  clouds  of  opposition  and  persecution  were  rising.  Under  the  leader- 
ship of  Cardinal  Richelieu,  the  privileges,  granted  by  the  Edict  of  Nantes 
were  more  and  more  curtailed.  Just  one  hundred  years  after  the  meeting 
of  the  first  General  Synod  in  1559  the  last  General  Synod  possible  for  the 
persecuted  was  held  in  1659.'  In  1685  the  Edict  of  Nantes  was  revoked  and 
the  sword,  so  long  threatening,  fell.  Many  weak  Protestants  saved  their 
lives  but  lost  their  faith,  and  many,  more  strong,  lost  their  lives  but  saved 
their  souls.  Alore  than  half  a  million  took  refuge  in  flight.  These  were  the 
most  intelligent  and  best  people  of  the  country  and  their  loss  to  the  nation 
was  beyond  measure.  The  fugitives  were  gladly  welcomed  in  the  neighbor- 
ing Protestant  countries,  where  their  skill  and  character  more  than  repaid 
the  hospitality  shown  them.  Many  settled  in  the  Netherlands  and  united 
with  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church.  Their  French  vivacity  in  union  with 
the  sturdy  Dutch  character  made  a  most  valuable  combination.  They  there- 
fore added  greatly  to  the  strength  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  Holland,  and 
through  her  to  the  Reformed  Church  in  America. 


'There  were  twenty-nine  of  these  Synods  held  in  France  during  just  a. 
century,  155it-1659.  See  "Synodicon  in  Gallia  Reformata"  or  Acts,  etc.,. 
of  the  Reformed  churc'he.s  in  France.  Translated  into  English  by  Rev. 
.lohn  Quick,  minister  of  the  Gosijel  in  London,  4to.  pp.  5!*6.  London,  1692. 
This  contains  also  the  Gallican  Confession,  Rules  of  Church  Government, 
and  everything  of  importance  pertaining  to  the  Reformed  Church  in 
France.  It  is  the  Thesaurus  of  the  early  French  Protestants.  In  the  Acts 
of  Synod  of  1637  there  is  a  list  of  647  ministers  and  churches.  See  also. 
Schaff's  "Creeds  of  Christendom"  for  the  Gallican  Confession. 


^X  INTRODUCTION 

The  Netherlands — History. 

The  hardy  plant  of  freedom  had  long  flourished  in  the  moist  ground  of 
the  Netherlands  but  in  that  soil  despotism,  civil  or  ecclesiastical,  made  only 
a  stunted  growth.  Probably  no  where  else  in  Europe  were  there  so  many 
"Reformers  before  the  Reformation."  One  of  the  foremost  of  these  was 
Gerard  Groot  (1340-84).  He  taught  that  religion  was  a  matter  of  the  heart, 
not  of  ceremony,  and  he  founded  the  famous  Brotherhood  of  the  Common 
Life.  His  disciples  became  the  great  teachers  of  the  country  and  the  spiritual 
guides  of  the  working  people.  From  the  schools  of  the  Brotherhood  issued 
Thomas  a  Kempis,  the  author  of  the  Imitation  of  Christ,  Zerbolt,  the  popu- 
larizer  of  education,  Gansevoort,  the  restorer  of  Scriptural  theology,  Eras- 
-mus,  the  father  of  Biblical  criticism,  who  according  to  the  monks  laid  the 
<^gg  which  Luther  hatched,  and  many  others. 

Under  such  influences  the  Bible,  before  translated  by  laymen  into  the 
'Dutch  vernacular,  was  printed  in  1477.  Many  editions  followed  and  the 
Scripture  became  a  light  upon  the  path  of  the  common  man.' 

Not  all  were  competent  to  use  their  opportunities  aright.  About  the  fringe 
of  intelligence  and  piety  were  various  sects  of  radicals  and  fanatics.  Of 
these  the  Anabaptists  became  the  most  prominent.  But  even  among  them 
were  earnest  men,  some  of  whom  were  of  truly  noble  character. 

Thus  at  the  beginning  of  the  Reformation  Era  the  Netherlands,  standing 
first  in  wealth  and  enterprise  among  the  nations  of  Europe,  were  also  first  in 
intelligence  and  piety.  The  nation  was  ready  to  receive  the  Reformed  doc- 
trine. It  was  not  long  in  coming,  partly  from  the  land  of  Luther,  but  chiefly, 
in   its   Reformed   form,   from   Switzerland  and  France.     The  Jesuit   Strada 

remarked,  "Nor  did  the  Rhine  from  Germany,  or  the  Meuse  from  France 
send  more  water  into  the  Low  Countries,  than  by  the  one  the  contagion  of 
Luther,  by  the  other  of  Calvin,  was  imported  into  these  same   Belgic  pro- 

"vinces." 

Those  were  the  days  when  Charles  V.,  emperor  of  the  Holy  Roman 
Empire   and   king   of    Spain,   was    seeking   to   unify    his   diverse   dominion. 

'Charles  was  a  statesman  of  more  than  average  ability  and  character.  But 
he  was  a  narrow  friend  of  the  Papacy,  both  from  religious  and  political 
motives.  Accordingly  in  1521  he  issued  the  first  of  the  barbarous  edicts 
for  the  extinguishing  of  heresy  in  the  Netherlands.    In  1523  the  first  martyrs 

•for  the  Reformed  faith  died  at  the  stake  in  Brussels.     In  their  honor  Luther 

wrote  a  poem  beginning  : — 

"Quiet   their   ashes   will   not   lie." 

This  word  of  the  great  Reformer  was  prophetic.  A  long  series  of  execu- 
tions only  scattered  the  blood  of  the  martyrs  which  became  most  fully  the 
seed  of  the  Church.  In  the  midst  of  the  turmoils  Anabaptist  and  other  fan- 
atical sectaries  became  numerous  and  their  excesses  afforded  a  plausible  pre- 
text for  stern  measures  of  repression  against  all  who  departed  from  the  old 
faith. 


'A  copy  of  this  first  edition  of  the  Bible  in  Dutch,  1477,  was  secured  by 
Dr.  E.  T.  Corwin  while  in  Holland  in  1898,  and  is  now  in  the  library  of 
Jthe  Collegiate  Church. 


INTRODUCTIOxX  XXI 

In  155c  Charles  V.  issued  a  new  edict  confirming  former  edicts  against  the 
Protestants  and  threatening  to  introduce  the  Inquisition,  of  which  Holy 
Office,  the  horrors  were  well  understood  in  the  Low  Countries.  The  threat 
caused  great  alarm.  Business  was  at  a  stand  still,  prices  fell  and  many  fled 
the  country.  Many  went  to  England  where  Edward  \T  gave  them  the 
Church  of  Austin  Friars  in  London  which  is  used  to  this  day.^ 

In  1555  Charles  V.  abdicated  his  throne  in  favor  of  his  son,  Philip  II. 
Philip  lacked  the  ability  and  character  which  had  made  his  father  personally 
popular.  He  was  narrow  and  false,  borrowing  his  conscience  from  the 
priests.  He  held  nothing  more  dear  than  the  Papacy  except  his  own  safety 
and  comfort.  He  therefore  resolved  to  introduce  the  despotic  system  which 
was  his  confidence,  into  the  Netherlands  and  to  stamp  out  heresy  at  all  costs. 
Passing  by  the  great  princes  of  the  country,  such  as  William  of  Orange  and 
Counts  Egmont  and  Horn,  he  made  his  illegitimate  sister,  Margaret  of 
Parma,  Regent  and  placed  as  her  chief  adviser  Granvelle,  Bishop  of  Arras,  a 
wtII  trusted  tool  of  the  Emperor.  Bodies  of  Spanish  troops  were  stationed 
in  the  Netherlands  and  several  new  bishoprics  were  created,  whose  occupants 
were  clothed  with  inquisitorial  power.  Having  thus  made  proper  arrange- 
ments Philip  renewed  the  edicts  of  his  father  in  a  more  drastic  form  than 
before. 

Awful  was  the  persecution  which  resulted  and  great  was  the  consternation 
and  wrath  of  the  people.  At  the  protest  of  the  nobility  of  the  country  Gran- 
velle was  removed  but  conditions  were  not  greatly  changed.  In  1565  a  few 
patriots  of  Brussels  entered  into  a  solemn  covenant  to  resist  these  oppressive 
measures  at  all  costs.  The  next  year  about  four  hundred  nobles  went  on 
foot  to  the  court  of  the  Regent  at  Brussels  to  petition  a  relief  from  persecu- 
tion. Margaret  of  Parma  was  frightened  at  their  coming  but  one  of  her 
councilors  referred  to  the  petitioners  as  "a  troop  of  beggars."  The  phrase 
caught  the  popular  fancy.  The  League  of  Beggars  was  formed  and  the  term 
became  a  ralh'ing  cry  of  great  power.  People,  forsaking  the  churches  met 
for  field  preaching  in  vast  numbers,  guarded  by  armed  men.  A  wave  of 
iconoclasm  swept  over  the  country.  The  symbols  of  Roman  Catholic  worship 
were  torn  from  the  churches  and  cast  out  of  the  buildings.  In  the  midst  of 
the  excitement  the  Lily  among  Thorns  was  made  the  emblem  of  the  church. 

This  rebellion  aroused  the  bigoted  nature  of  Philip  to  fury.  Against  the 
desire  of  the  Regent,  Margaret,  he  appointed  the  Duke  of  Alva  military  com- 
mander in  the  country.  He  was  a  man  after  his  master's  own  heart,  capable, 
determined,  cruel  and  crafty.  Well  supported  by  seasoned  Spanish  troops 
he  became  virtual  ruler  of  the  nation.  The  counts,  Egmont  and  Horn  were 
decoyed  to  Brussels  and  executed.  William  of  Orange,  retired  to  Germany 
and  awaited  his  time.    Alva  set  up  a  terrible  tribunal  which  the  people  called 


'The  history  of  this  church  has  been  published  under  the  title,  "Reg- 
ister of  the  Dutch  Church,  Austin  Friars,  Ijondon,  1571-1874."  There  are 
45  pages  of  Historical  Introduction,  and  then  a  list  of  Baptisms,  Marri- 
ages and  Burals  ;  with  copies  of  the  Monumental  Inscriptions  and  plates 
of  the  Monuments.  Indexed.  There  are  then  four  very  stout  volumes 
styled  "Ecclesiae — Londino— Batavje  Archivum,"  or  "Archives  of  the 
Dutch  Church  in  London,"  which  include  certain  Scientific  Papers  de- 
posited with  them,  and  three  volumes  of  Correspondence,  relating  largely 
to  Refugee  churches  in  England  and  other  lands.  It  is  a-  mine  of  mater- 
ial hardly  yet  begun  to  be  worked. 


XXll  INTRODUCTION 

"the  Council  of  Blood."  During  six  years,  (1567-73)  the  hand  of  the  tyrant 
was  supreme  and  no  less  than  one  hundred  thousand  people  were  executed. 
Indeed  upon  Feb.  16,  1568,  a  unique  death  sentence  was  passed  upon  the 
whole  nation,  with  a  few  specified  exceptions.  While  the  country  lay  pros- 
trate, multitudes  of  the  best  citizens  fled  to  Germany,  Denmark  and  especially 
to  England.  Eight  Dutch  churches  were  planted  in  London  and  the  whole 
of  England  was  greatly  benefited  by  the  useful  arts  which  the  fugitives  intro- 
duced. 

Meanwhile  Philip's  cup  of  crime  and  folly  was  filled  to  overflowing  and 
deliverance  was  at  hand.  William,  Prince  of  Orange  (1533-84)  one  of  the 
noblest  figures  of  the  age,  was  preparing  to  deliver  his  country.  Under  his- 
influence  the  provinces  of  Holland  and  Zeeland  threw  off  the  yoke  of  Alva 
and  adopted  a  free  constitution,  while  still  recognizing  Philip  as  king.  In 
1572  the  "water  beggars"  took  Briel  and  this  was  the  turning  of  the  tide. 
The  next  year  Alva  retired  admitting  his  failure.  Requesens,  the  succes- 
sor of  Alva,  while  more  conciliatory,  kept  up  the  war  with  the  patriots.  The 
battles  raged  with  varying  success  but  the  heroic  defense  of  Leyden  in  1574 
greatly  discouraged  the  oppressors  and  William  was  enabled  to  enter  upon 
a  series  of  negotiations  which  resulted  in  the  Pacification  of  Ghent  (1576). 
In  this  seventeen  provinces  bound  themselves  to  drive  out  the  Spaniards  and 
to  establish  religious  freedom.  From  this  compact  the  southern  provinces 
withdrew,  leaving  Belgium  Roman  Catholic.  The  Reformed  of  that  country 
fled  to  the  north  and  became  known  as  Walloons.  In  1579  the  seven  northern 
provinces  signed  the  Union  of  Utrecht,  and  thus  laid  the  foundation  of  the 
Dutch  Republic.  They  chose  as  their  motto  "Eendracht  maackt  niacht" — "a 
united  pull  gives  power"  or  "Union  makes  strength."^ 

In  1581  the  States  General  deposed  Philip  and  issued  the  Dutch  Declara- 
tion of  Independence.  In  this  document,  so  radical  in  that  day,  they  declared 
that  the  prince  was  created  for  the  subjects,  not  the  subjects  for  the  prince, 
and  that  if  he  does  not  govern  justly  the  subjects  have  a  right  to  depose  him. 
On  this  ground  they  repudiated  Philip  as  their  sovereign. 

William  of  Orange  was  assassinated  in  1584  but  his  son,  Maurice,  took  com- 
mand and  performed  his  duties  with  distinguished  ability.  The  new  Dutch 
Commonwealth  grew  in  power  and  tlie  sturdy  Dutch  soldiers  and  sailors 
prepared  to  hold  their  own  against  the  force  of  Spain  for  a  century,  if  neces- 
sary. On  land  and  sea  they  were  successful  and  Philip  was  doomed  to  see 
his  magnificent  schemes  of  despotism  go  down  in  ignominious  failure.  Under 
his  successor,  Philip  III,  Spain,  the  once  haughty  mistress  of  the  world,  was 
compelled  to  conclude  a  twelve  years'  truce  with  the  despised  heretics  of  the 
Netherlands,  and  finally  by  the  Peace  of  Westphalia,  1648,  to  acknowledge 
their  independence. 


'The  "Groot  Plakaet  Boek,"  in  eight  large  volumes,  with  a  thorough 
"Register,"  or  Index,  contains  all  the  Edicts,  civil  and  ecclesiastical,  dur- 
ing the  two  centuries  of  the  Dutch  Republic's  existence.  The  Ecclesias- 
tical Edicts  include  the  successive  revisions  of  Church  Polity  and  of  the 
Doctrinal  Symbols.  These  have  also  been  collected  and  printed  separ- 
ately in  four  volumes  called  "Kerkelyke  Plakaet  Boek."  Copies  of  the 
"Groot  Plakaet  Boek"  are  to  be  found  in  the  State  Library  of  New  York, 
and  the  Sage  Library  at  New  Brunswick.  The  Collegiate  Church  of  New 
York  has  a  complete  copy  of  the  "Kerkelyke  Plakaet  Boek,"  and  the  Sage  ■ 
Library  volumes  i  and  ii. 


INTRODUCTION  XXIU 


The  Netherlands — Liturgy. 


During  the  troublous  times  before  independence,  liturgies  were  growing 
up,  containing  purified  forms  of  devotion,  and  these  were  also  full  of  in- 
struction to  the  common  people.  In  their  composition  all  the  older  litur- 
gies, even  to  the  earliest  centuries,  were  freely  used.  These  liturgies,  as  they 
appeared,  were  translated  from  one  language  to  another,  with  improvements, 
until  they  approximated  the  Reformed  ideal.  Besides  an  earlier  one  in 
Geneva,  Calvin  prepared  a  liturgy  for  his  Walloon  congregation  at  Strass- 
burg  in  1541,  which  was  printed  in  1545.  A  second  edition  was  published 
in  1546  by  Polanus,  Calvin's  successor.  Upon  the  removal  of  Polanus  with 
his  entire  flock  to  Glastonbury,  England,  in  1551,  he  translated  this  liturgy 
into  English,  which  Cranmer  and  his  colleagues  used  in  the  preparation  of 
the  Book  of  Common  Prayer. 

In  1553  John  a  Lasco,  pastor  of  the  Dutch  Church  of  Austin  Friars,  Lon- 
don, prepared  a  liturgy  in  Latin,  based  on  that  of  Polanus.  An  abridg- 
ment of  this  was  made  by  Micron  in  1554,  translated  into  Dutch,  and  printed 
at  Embden.  The  next  year  a  Latin  edition  of  a  Lasco's  liturgy  of  1553  was 
published  at  Frankfort. 

In  1566  Dathenus  revised  the  liturgy  of  Micron,  and  this  revision  was  for- 
mally adopted  in  Holland  by  the  Synod  of  Wesel  in  1568.  This  aiso  con- 
tained Dathenus's  versification  of  the  Psalms  and  the  Heidelberg  Catechism. 
Forms  for  the  administration  of  baptism  to  infants.  Micron's  Compendium 
for  those  who  wished  to  enter  into  the  full  communion  of  the  church,  forms 
for  the  administration  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  and  for  marriage,  with  many 
forms  of  prayer,  were  also  incorporated.  This  revised  liturgy  of  Dathenus 
was  formall}'  adopted  by  the  Synods  of  Holland  and  Zeeland  in  1574,  and 
soon  came  into  more  or  less  general  use  in  all  the  provinces.  The  prayers  in 
these  liturgies  were  not  obligatory.  Thus  during  the  generation  of  greatest 
persecution  were  these  believers  preparing  forms  of  worship  which  would 
exert  an  educational  influence  for  generations. 

The   Netherlands — Doctrine. 

The  Dutch  Reformers  also  felt  the  necessity  of  providing  themselves  with  a 
definite  creed  and  church  order,  or  system  of  polity.  Congregations,  more 
or  less  imperfectly  organized,  had  sprung  up  everywhere.  Many  minor 
difi^erences  in  faith  and  order  needed  to  be  adjusted.  Guido  de  Bres,  Peter 
Dathenus,  Henry  Modet,  and  Francis  Junius  were  the  principal  instruments 
in  securing  the  unity  desired.  After  a  few  concessions  wrung  from  the 
Regent  Margaret  in  1566,  some  Walloon  and  Dutch  pastors  felt  encouraged 
to  meet  at  Antwerp,  with  a  number  of  nobles,  to  begin  the  formation  of  a 
regular  church  organization.  After  slight  revision  they  adopted  the  Belgic 
Confession  of  Faith,  which  had  been  composed  by  Guido  de  Bres  in  1559, 
and  published  in  1561.  It  was  modeled  after  the  Gallican  Confession,  and 
contained  thirty-seven  articles.  A  copy  was  sent  to  Philip  II.,  with  an 
explanatory  letter,  and  also  with  a  request  for  protection  and  liberty  of  con- 
science. At  the  same  time  an  exhortation  was  addressed  to  the  several 
local  authorities  of  the  Netherlands.     The  Heidelberg  Catechism  was  pro- 


XXIV  INTRODUCTION 

visional ly  adopted  at  the  same  time.  The  Synod,  however,  was  careful  to 
say  that  these  standards  of  doctrine  were  only  symbols  of  agreement,  and 
that  the  Word  of  God  was  their  only  rule  of  faith. 

The  Netherlands — Polity. 

The  two  Synods  which  formulated  the  Church  Order,  as  the  polity  of 
the  church  was  called,  were  obliged  to  meet  outside  the  Netherlands,  on 
account  of  the  persecutions  raging  within.  It  was  during  the  atrocities  of 
Alva  (1567-73),  who  had  sworn  to  exterminate  the  heretics,  that  the  Dutch 
proceeded  to  organize  their  Church,  not  doubting,  in  their  new-found  evan- 
gelical faith,  but  that  God  would  give  them  victory  and  peace.  This  Synod 
of  Wesel  (1568)  accordingly  adopted  the  name  "The  Netherland  Churches 
which  are  Waiting  under  the  Cross."  They  also  adopted  provisionally  Cal- 
vin's Presbyterian  polity,  which  they  elaborated  in  certain  particulars  to 
suit  their  circumstances.  Ministers  must  be  pious  and  learned  men,  and 
must  agree  in  doctrine  with  the  standards  already  adopted.  Schools  must 
be  established  for  the  study  of  Hebrew,  Greek  and  Latin.  The  Walloon 
churches  could  use  the  Geneva  Catechism.  The  Dutch  versification  of  the 
Psalms  by  Dathenus  was  adopted  for  use  in  worship.  The  duties  of  the 
four  classes  of  officers  were  defined,  and  directions  were  given  as  to  sermon- 
izing and  prophesying — that  is,  Bbile-class  teaching.  They  refused  to  give 
vnnute  directions  as  to  the  way  of  administering  baptism  and  the  Supper, 
lest  they  should  seem  to  tyrannize  over  consciences. 

At  the  Synod  of  Embden  (1571)  the  action  of  the  Synod  of  Wesel  was 
confirmed,  and  some  additions  were  made.  Ministers  must  subscribe  to 
the  standards  of  doctrine.  The  name  "consistory"'  was  adopted  for  the 
minister,  elders  and  deacons  of  each  church,  who  must  hold  weekly  meet- 
ings. The  Classes  were  to  meet  quarterly  or  semi-annually,  and  a  biennial 
General  Synod  was  suggested,  which  should  be  conventional.  Ministers 
were  to  be  called  by  the  Consistory,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Classis. 
These  features  of  church  government,  more  or  less  expanded,  remain  the 
same  in  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  to  this  day. 

With  the  recall  of  the  Duke  of  Alva  to  Spain  (1573)  the  fugitives  were 
enabled  to  return.  A  Synod  embracing  only  the  two  provinces  of  Holland 
and  Zeeland  was  held  in  1574  which  was  somewhat  retrogressive,  owing  to 
local  and  personal  reasons,  but  its  acts  were  not  recognized  by  the  States. 
Following  the  siege  of  Leyden  the  University  of  Leyden  was  founded  in 
1575  in  reward  of  the  heroism  of  the  citizens.  In  1576  the  Reformed 
Church  was  established  in  the  provinces  of  Zeeland  and  Holland,  but  free- 
dom of  religion  was  allowed  in  all  the  provinces.  This  was  the  result  of  the 
Pacification  of  Ghent.  The  infamous  edicts  of  Charles  V.  were  now  repealed, 
and  the  Inquisition  was  forever  prohibited. 

With  two  national  Synods  which  were  subsequently  held  in  the  country — • 
viz.,  at  Dort  (1576)  and  at  Middleburg  (1581) — the  polity  of  the  Reformed 
Church  of  Holland  was  completed.     The  first  of  these   Synods   was  called 


'Subsequently  the  term  Consistory  was  limited  to  ministers  and  elders, 
but  in  America  it  has  always  also  included  the  deacons. 


INTRODUCTION  XXV 

without  the  consent  of  the  civil  power.  It  declared  that  in  ecclesiastical 
matters  the  power  belonged  to  the  church  alone.  It  was  subsequently  con- 
ceded, however,  that  calls  on  ministers  might  be  also  approved  by  the 
magistrates.  The  four  grades  of  ecclesiastical  bodies  were  defined,  viz., 
Consistories,  Classes,  Provincial  Synods,  and  a  General  Synod  which  was 
to  meet  triennially.  Church  records  were  to  be  minutely  kept,  as  well  as 
records  of  baptisms  and  marriages.  The  conditions  of  full  church-member- 
ship were  defined. 

The  Synod  of  Middleburg  (1581)  invited  the  States  to  send  a  delegation, 
but  this  was  declined.  This  excited  some  suspicions.  This  Synod  decided 
that  the  States  should  not  be  recognized  in  the  election  of  ministers,  elders 
or  deacons.  A  proposition  was  made  for  some  sort  of  civic  superintendence, 
but  this  was  rejected.  It  was  now  decided  that  all  church  officers,  includ- 
ing professors  of  theology  and  schoolmasters,  must  sign  the  standards  of 
doctrine.  The  Reformed  Church  of  Holland  was  (1581)  thoroughly 
organized,  with  an  evangelical  liturgy  and  creed  and  a  Presbyterian  polity. 
Within  a  month  after  the  adjournment  of  this  Synod,  Philip  II.  was  formally 
deposed.  The  Reformed  Church  became  the  established  church  of  the 
Netherlands.  The  minutes  of  the  famous  Classis  of  Amsterdam  begin  in 
1582. 

The  Netherlands — The  Synod  of  Dort. 

In  the  year  1609  began  the  great  Arminian  controversy,  which  led  to  the 
•call  of  the  famous  Synod  of  Dort  (1618-19).  Arminius  (1560-1609)  was 
ordained  as  a  Reformed  minister  in  1586.  In  1603  he  became  professor  of 
theology  at  Leyden.  He  soon  became  involved  in  a  dispute  with  Gomar  on 
fore-ordination.  He  asked  for  the  assembling  of  a  Synod  to  decide  the  ques- 
tions involved,  but  before  this  could  be  done  he  died.  His  adherents,  as 
ministers  of  the  Reformed  Church,  were  condemned  for  holding  opinions 
contrary  to  the  standards  of  doctrine  which  they  had  subscribed.  In  1610 
they  presented  a  remonstrance  against  this  decision,  and  hence  were  called 
Remonstrants.  The  debate  went  on  for  ten  years.  The  Remonstrants  held 
to  a  conditional  election,  an  unlimited  atonement,  yet  that  no  man  of  him- 
self is  able  to  exercise  saving  faith,  except  through  the  power  of  the  Holy 
Spirit ;  and  that  grace  does  not  act  upon  men  in  an  irresistible  way.  Upon 
the  perseverance  of  the  saints  they  were  undetermined.  All  the  Reformed 
churches  of  Europe  were  invited  to  send  delegates  to  this  Synod,  and  they  all 
complied  except  Anhalt.  Tho,se  appointed  by  the  Reformed  Church  of 
France  were  forbidden  to  attend  by  the  King. 

The  Arminians  were  cited  as  accused  parties.  Their  leader,  Episcopius, 
defended  their  views,  with  great  eloquence  and  boldness.  The  doctrines  of 
grace  concerning  predestination,  redemption,  the  corruption  of  man  and  the 
manner  of  his  conversion  and  the  perseverance  of  the  saints  were  elaborately 
discussed  and  more  accurately  defined  and  formulated  in  what  are  called  the 
Canons  of  the  Synod  of  Dort.  The  design  of  these  Canons  is  to  Magnify 
the  Grace  of  God  in  the  salvation  of  sinners.  The  representatives  of  all  the 
Reformed  churches   present   signed  the   Canons.      It   was   then   decided   that 


XXVI  INTRODUCTION 

the  Remonstrants,  as  officers  of  the  Reformed  Church,  should  be  excluded 
from  their  offices.  They  would,  no  doubt,  have  been  tolerated  as  a  separate 
sect. 

Political  complications  were  involved  in  the  discussion,  and  the  long  dis- 
pute exasperated  both  parties ;  hence  the  added  severity  of  the  ban- 
ishment of  about  two  hundred  ministers,  including  the  great  statesman-, 
and  scholar,  Hugo  Grotius,  and  the  execution  of  Barneveldt.  But  these 
events  must  be  judged  in  the  light  of  the  seventeenth  century.  Within  six 
years,  upon  the  death  of  Maurice  (1625),  the  Remonstrants  were  permitted 
to  return,  and  full  toleration  was  granted  them. 

The  Synod  of  Dort  was  in  session  for  six  months  and  its  proceedings  are 
voluminous.  After  the  withdrawal  of  the  foreign  delegates  at  the  close  of 
the  one  hundred  and  fifty-fourth  session,  the  Dutch  delegates  continued  in 
session  as  a  National  Synod.  Its  acts  (Sessions  155-180)  are  known  as 
the  Post-Acta.  They  relate  to  a  variety  of  topics,  such  as  church  ordinances, 
the  jus  patronatus,  church  visitation,  the  call  to  the  ministerial  office,  cor- 
respondence between  magistrates  and  Consistories,  festival  days,  the  hymns 
to  be  sung  in  the  church,  the  baptism  of  Roman  Catholics,  the  observance- 
of  the  Sabbath,  the  marriage  relation,  professors,  the  form  to  be  signed  at 
ordination,  the  baptisjn  of  the  sick  and  of  adults,  the  visitation  of  the  sick,, 
a  new  translation  of  the  Bible  into  Dutch,  foreign  missions,  profanity,  min- 
isters' salaries,  the  liturgy,  and  other  matters. 

The  Heidelberg  Catechism  was  re-indorsed  with  words  of  praise,  and 
parents  were  exhorted  to  teach  it  in  the  home.  It  was  required  to  be 
taught  in  the  schools.  The  establishment  of  more  schools  was  urged.  Min- 
isters were  required  to  explain  a  portion  of  the  catechism  every  Sabbath 
afternoon.  A  compendium  of  the  catechism  prepared  by  Herman  Fauke- 
lius  was  adopted  in  the  place  of  that  of  Micron  and  others  which  had 
formerly  been  used. 

New  forms  had  been  added  to  the  liturgy  from  time  to  time,  and  modi- 
fications had  been  made  by  different  Synods.  The  revision  of  the  liturgy 
was  now  intrusted  to  a  committee,  of  which  Festus  Hommius,  pastor  at 
Leyden,  was  chairman.  Their  work  was  ratified  by  the  Provincial  Synods 
in  1622.  The  Articles  of  Church  Government  were  also  revised.  They 
consist  of  eighty-six  articles,  which  were  treated  under  four  heads ;  viz.. 
Offices,  Ecclesiastical  Assemblies ;  Doctrines,  Sacraments  and  Usages ;  and' 
Discipline.  Of  course  the  Erastian  features  of  church  government  con- 
tinued in  these  rules,  on  account  of  the  union  of  church  and  state,  as  was 
the  case  in  every  country  of  Europe.  Therefore  it  was  possible  for  the 
State  to  prevent  a  General  Synod  from  being  held  for  two  centuries,  1618- 
1816.  Provincial  Synods  were  held,  however,  and  these  sent  delegates  to 
one  another.  These  Rules  were  also  the  Rules  of  the  Dutch  Church  in 
America  until  1792,  although  the  Erastian  element  of  these  rules  was  never- 
operative  in  America.  It  was  just  after  the  Synod  of  Dort  that  the  West 
India  Company  was  chartered,  1621,  and  New  Netherland  began  to  be  col- 
onized. 


INTRODUCTION  XXVll 

Subsequent  generations  in  Holland  passed  through  many  vicissitudes.' 
The  spread  of  rationalism  in  the  eighteenth  century  affected  many  of  her 
ministers,  and  the  Napoleonic  wars  resulted  in  a  great  modification  of  the 
polity  of  the  church.  In  1796  the  French  decreed  "that  the  church  be  separ- 
ated from  the  state,  and  that  no  social  advantage  or  disadvantage  is  to  be 
■derived  from  the  profession  of  any  religion  whatever."  The  churches  and 
ministers  by  this  sudden  change  were  left  in  great  straits  and  suffering. 
But  with  the  battle  of  Waterloo,  181 5,  the  French  were  overthrown.  In 
181 6  William  I.,  who  had  become  King  of  Holland,  called  a  General  Synod, 
■and  offered  to  support  the  church,  if  the  church  would  accept  of  a  modi- 
fied constitution.  In  their  great  distress  they  yielded,  and  the  old  Presby- 
terian form  of  government  was  greatly  modified,  if  not  quite  destroyed. 
-General  Synods  have  been  held  yearly  since  1816,  but  the  representatives 
are  few,  and  in  all  the  church  bodies  a  Bestiiur  or  Board  of  Administration 
manages  all  affairs.  Subsequently  the  church  gave  up  the  Canons  of  Dort 
and  allowed  as  wide  a  latitude  to  her  ministers  and  professors  as  Germany 
or  Switzerland. 

Therefore,  in  1834,  a  number  of  ministers  and  churches  separated  from 
the  Established  Church  and  organized  The  Christian  Reformed  Church. 
Their  design  was  to  secure  and  maintain  purity  of  doctrine.  After  much 
difficulty,  and  not  without  considerable  persecution  and  suffering,  they  ob- 
tained recognition.  In  1846,  mainly  from  this  body,  began  a  new  emigra- 
tion of  Hollanders  to  America,  going  chiefly  to  Michigan  and  other  Western 
States.  A  large  portion  of  them  fell,  naturally,  into  the  fold  of  the  Re- 
formed Church  in  America,  which  has  always  adhered  to  the  original 
system  of  Reformed  doctrine  and  polity.  Some,  however,  separated,  sootier 
or  later,  from  the  others,  and  formed  "The  Christian  Reformed  Church 
IN  America." 

The  present  kingdom  of  the  Netherlands,  according  to  the  constitution 
■of  1848.  grants  entire  liberty  of  conscience  and  complete  civil  equality  to  the 
members  of  all  religious  confessions.  The  old  National  Reformed  Church, 
the  Lutheran  Church,  the  Remonstrants,  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  Eng- 
lish Presbyterian  ministers  in  certain  seaports,  and  even  the  Jews,  arc  sup- 
ported by  the  Government.  Only  "The  Christian  Reformed  Church"  re- 
ceives no  help  from  the  State,  which,  spiritually  considered,  is  an  undoubted 
advantage.  In  1857,  under  the  influence  of  the  liberals  and  the  Romanists, 
the  government  banished  religious  instruction  from  the  schools,  and  in 
1876  abolished  the  theological  faculties  in  the  universities,  but  granted  funds 
to  the  National  Synod  for  special  theological  instruction.  When  rational- 
ists secured  these  professorships  the  orthodox  party  established  a  Free 
Reformed  University  at  Amsterdam  (1880).  The  same  party  has  estab- 
lished free  schools  all  over  Holland,  in  which  evangelical  religion  is  taught. 


'See  also  I^etter  of  Classi.s  of  Amsterdam  to  Gen.  Syn.  of  R.  C.  A.  in  1845, 
in  which  these  changes  are  briefly  referred  to.  The  Classis  speaks  of  "the 
clearer  and  more  evangelical  representation  of  the  doctrines  and  duties  of 
our  faith."  .  .  .  "Jesus  Christ  and  Him  crucified  and  glorified  remains 
the  only  basis  of  our  preaching."     Minutes  Gen.  Syn.,   184.5,  pp.   519-.522. 

The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  never  missed  holding  its  sessions  during  all 
these  troubles,  and  their  Minutes  are  filled  with  material  relating  to  the 
times.     See  volumes  xvi,  xvii,  xviii. 

A  complete  printed  set  of  the  Minutes  of  these  General  Synods  are  in  the 
Sage  I.,ibrary  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 


XXVlll  INTRODUCTION 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

The   following  list  of  authorities  upon  the  subjects  touched   upon  in  the 
Introduction  is  suggestive  rather  than  complete. 

History. 

Altmeyer,  J.   J.,   Les   Precurseurs   de   la   Reforme  aux   Pays   Bas.     2  vols, 

Paris,  1856. 
Baird,  Henry  W.,  Rise  of  the  Huguenots  of  France.     2  vols.     New  York, 

1879. 
Brandt,    G.,    Historic   der    Reformatie.      Amsterdam,    1671-1704.      (English 

translation,  4  vols.     London,  1720. 
Griffis,  W.  E.,  Brave  Little  Holland  and  What  She  Has  Taught  Us,  1894. 
Hansen,  M.  G.,  The  Reformed  Church  of  the  Netherlands,  1884. 
Le  Long,  I.,  Kort  historisch  Verhaal  van  de  Oorsprong  der  Ned.  Geref.  Ker- 

ken  onder  't  Cruis.    Amsterdam,  1751. 
Motley,  J.  L.,  Rise  of  the  Dutch  Republic.     3  vols.     United  Netherlands.     4 

vols.    John  of  Barneveldt. 
Prescott,  W.  H.,  Life  of  Philip  II. 
Steven,  William,  Brief  View  of  the  Dutch  Ecclesiastical  Establishment,  Past 

and   Present.     With  Acts   Affecting   British   Presbyterian   Churches   in 

Holland,  1839. 
Van  Pelt,  Daniel.  A  Church  and  Her  Martyrs  :    An  Account  of  the  Dutch 

Church  in  Holland,  1888. 
Weiss,  M.  C,  History  of  the  French  Protestant  Refugees.     2  vols. 

Doctrine. 

Acta  Synodi  Nationalis.     1620. 

Berg,  J.  F.,  History  and  Literature  of  the  Heidelberg  Catechism.  Trans- 
•  lation  from  Von  Alpen.     1863. 

Bethune,  G.  W.     Lectures  on  the  Heidelberg  Catechism.     2  vols.     1864. 

Bres,  Guido  de.  The  Confession  of  Faith  (Belgic  Confession),  1561,  many 
editions  in  French,  Dutch  and  English. 

Canons  of  the  Synod  of  Dort.     1619. 

Centennial  Discourses  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America.  1876.  2d  ed, 
1877. 

Cocceius,  J.  Summa  doctrinae  de  foedere  et  testamento  Dei.  Leiden,  1648; 
many  editions. 

D'Aubigne,  M.,  History  of  the  Reformation  in  the  Times  of  Calvin,  New 
York,  1 863- 1 864. 

Demarest,  D.  D.,  Practical  Catechetics,  1882.     Dort  and  Westminster,  1890. 

Good,  J.  I.,  The  Heidelberg  Catechism  in  its  Newest  Light.  Philadelphia, 
1914. 

Livingston,  J.  H.,  System  of  Theology,  1820.  MSS.  in  Sage  Library.  (An 
Analysis  of,  by  Rev.  Ava  Neal,  1830,  2d  ed.     1832. 

Marckius,  J.,  Christianae  Theologiae  Medulla,  1685,  many  editions.  Schrif- 
ten  der  Remonstranten  en  Contra — remonstranten.     12  vols.     1618. 

Schaff,  Philip,  The  Creeds  of  Christendom.     3  vol.,  1877. 

Scott,  Thomas  Articles  of  the  Synod  of  Dort,  etc.,  with  History  of  the  Pre- 
ceding Events,  and  Harmony  of  the  Reformed  Confessions.  Utica. 
1831.  Tercentenary  Edition  of  the  Heidelberg  Catechism  in  German, 
Latin  and  English.  With  an  Historical  Introduction.  1863.  Ter- 
centenary Monument  in  Commemoration  of  the  Three  Hundredth  Anni- 
versary of  the  Heidelberg  Catechism.     1863. 

Thompson,  John  B.,  Heirlooms  of  Faith  and  Order  of  the  Reformed  Church 
in  America.     Published  separately  and  in  Centennial  Discourses.     1876. 

Ursinus  and  Olevianus,  The  Heidelberg  Catechism,   1563,  many  editions. 


INTRODUCTION  XXIX 

Van  Gieson,  A.  P.,  The  Type  of  Doctrine  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  Amer- 
ica as  Represented  by  the  Symbols  of  Heidelberg  and  Dordrecht.  Pub- 
lished separately  and  in  Centennial  Discourses.  1876.  The  Canons  of 
Dort.  Published  in  Conference  on  Union  between  the  Reformed  Church 
in  America  and  the  Reformed  Church  in  the  United  States.     1888. 

Vinke,  H.  E.,  Libri  Symbolic!  Ecclesiae  Reform.     Ned.     Utrecht.     1846. 

Witsius,  H.,  De  oeconomia  foederum  Dei  cum  honinibus.  1677;  many  edi- 
tions in  Latin,  Dutch  and  English. 

Woodbridge,  S.  M.,  Analysis  of  Systematic  Theology.     1872. 

Liturgy. 

A.  Lasco,  J.  Forma  ac  Ratio  tota  Ecclesiastici  Ministerii  in  Peregrinorum 
potissimum  vero  Germanorum  in  Anglia  per  pientissimum  Principem 
Angliae,  etc.    Regem  Eduardum  ejus  nomonis  sextu.     1550. 

Baird,  C.  W.,  Eutaxia ;    or  The  Presbyterian  Liturgies.     1855. 

Demarest,  D.  D.,  Liturgical  Spirit  and  Features  of  the  Reformed  Church 
in  America.  Published  separately  and  in  the  Centennial  Discourses. 
1876.     Practical  Liturgies.     1895. 

Government. 

Articles  on  Church  Government,  in  Acta  Synodi  Nationalis.     1620. 
Constitution   of   the   Reformed   Dutch   Church   in   the    United    States,    New 

York,  1793.     (This  contains  Standards  of  Doctrine,  Liturgy  and  Rules 

of   Church  Government),     ist  ed.   in   English,   1793;    many  editions  in 

whole  or  in  part  since. 
Corwin,  E.  T.,  A  Digest  of  Synodical  Legislation  of  the  Reformed  Church 

in  America.    New  York.    1906. 
Digest  of  Rules  and  Church  Orders,  1794-1814.     Printed  as  an  Appendix  to 

the  Minutes  of  General  S,j^nod,  1814,  pp.  59-83.     Revised,  1848;    revised, 

1869. 


PART  FIRST 


HISTORY  OF  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH  IN  AMERICA. 


FIRST  PERIOD 


THE  CHURCH  UNDER  THE  WEST  INDIA  COMPANY. 
I 609- I 664. 


CHAPTER  I. 
PREPARATION  FOR  THE  CHURCH  IN  AMERICA,  1581-1628. 

After  deposing  their  monarch,  Philip  of  Spain,  by  proclamation  in  1581, 
the  citizens  of  the  Dutch  Republic  girded  themselves  to  make  the  decree 
efifective.  To  accomplish  this  they  realized  their  need  of  money  and  they 
determined  to  seek  wealth  in  various  ways.  To  the  amphibious  Dutchman 
the  call  of  the  sea  was  strong,  and  therefore  to  the  sea  he  turned  in  this 
hour  of  need.  In  spite  of  the  continued  struggle  with  Spain  the  foreign 
trade  of  the  Netherlands  underwent  a  rapid  expansion.  The  ports  were 
filled  with  the  trade  of  the  East  and  the  merchants  of  Holland  ranked  with 
the  princes  of  the  earth.  Yet  they  were  men  of  serious  purpose,  who  loved 
the  faith  for  which  their  fathers  had  died  and  for  which  they  themselves 
had  suffered.  As  soon  as  a  path  was  made  through  the  deep  to  the  Orient, 
they  began  to  consider  the  spiritual  welfare  of  their  seamen  and  agents. 
Therefore  on  April  5,  1598,  Domine  Petrus  Plancius  announced  to  the  Con- 
sistory of  Amsterdam  that  the  owners  of  the  East  India  ships  desired  to 
be  supplied  with  godly  chaplains,  whom  they  would  support  on  the  long 
voyages  and  in  distant  barbarous  lands.' 

Four  years  later,  1602,  when  the  East  India  Company  was  founded,  by 
charter  chaplains  were  required  on  their  ships.  Henry  Hudson,  the  dis- 
coverer of  the  river  which  bears  his  name,  was  in  the  employ  of  the  East 
India  Company  and  his  ship,  the  Half  Moon,  was  their  vessel.     She  was  of 


'Petrus  Plancius  was  an  eminent  divine  and  distinguished  geographer. 
He  constructed  the  charters  by  which  the  Dutch  ships  first  sailed  to  the 
Indies. 

G.  J.  Vos  Arn.  Voorder  Spiegel  der  Historic.  A.  M.  Stel's  Kerkelyk 
Leven  Van  Deeerste  Zestig  Jaren  der  Vrijheid,  Amsterdam,  1903. 


2  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

less  'Lhan  one  hundred  tons  burden  and  her  crew  was  small.  She  may  there- 
fore have  carried  no  official  chaplain,  but  under  such  circumstances  the 
captain  or  mate  would  be  expected  to  perform  divine  service  upon  her 
narrow  deck.  We  may  hope  that  in  those  warm,  autumn  days  of  1609  the 
shores  of  Manhattan  echoed  the  words  of  Christian  prayer  and  praise, 
after  the  Reformed  order,  eleven  years  before  the  Pilgrims  sang  "on  the 
stern  and  rock  bound  coast"  of  New  England.  But  we  must  admit  that 
Juet's  Journal  contains  no  reference  thereto. 

The  year  of  Hudson's  discovery  was  the  first  year  of  the  Twelve  Years' 
Truce  between  Holland  and  Spain.  Many  grizzled  sea-fighters  were  thus 
thrown  out  of  employment,  and  crews  were  found  in  plenty  to  man  the 
ships  which  the  merchants  of  Amsterdam  dispatched  to  Manhattan  upon 
the  report  of  the  opportunities  for  fur  trading.  By  1614  ships  were  com- 
ing regularly  to  trade  with  the  Indians  along  the  "Great  River  of  the 
Mountains"  and  the  first  huts  were  standing  upon  the  site  of  New  York 
and  Albany.  For  a  decade  such  traffic  continued.  The  scant  records  of 
those  adventures  contain  no  reference  to  religious  services.  But  it  is 
probable  that  the  more  pious  of  the  sailors  and  traders,  encouraged  by  the 
Christian  merchants  of  Holland,  at  least  occasionally  held  religious  services 
after  the  Reformed  order  during  the  long,  idle  Sabbaths  on  ship  board  or 
on  shore. 

Meanwhile  the  business  interests  of  the  Netherlands,  intent  on  dividends, 
organized  the  West  India  Company  in  1621,  and  decided  to  establish  a 
permanent  colony  in  the  New  World.  They  found  thirty  families  of 
Walloon  refugees  who  were  willing  to  make  the  great  experiment,  and 
these  they  sent  to  Manhattan  under  the  command  of  Captain  May  in  1623. 
These  thrifty  colonists  scattered  throughout  a  wide  region,  and  were  soon 
hard  at  work  making  homes  in  the  wilderness.  The  contentment,  sprung 
from  toil  was  theirs.  They  declared  the  country  good  and  one  of  them 
wrote  to  a  friend  at  home,  "If  you  will  come  hither  with  your  family  you 
will  not  regret  it."  These  Walloons,  having  suffered  for  their  faith  valued 
its  ordinances.  There  is  however  still  no  reference  to  religious  services, 
but  we  may  not  doubt  that  private  and  social  prayers  were  not  forgotten.^ 

In  those  days  the  State  in  all  European  countries  had  charge  of  educa- 
tion and  religion.  Since  the  West  India  Company  was  to  occupy  the  place 
of  the  "State"  to  its  colonies,  it  was  taken  for  granted  that  the  Company 
vvould  feel  responsibility  in  such  matters.  But  by  an  oversight  the  charter 
of  1621  omitted  to  provide  for  spiritual  needs.  Two  years  later,  July  2"], 
1623,  the  Consistory  of  Amsterdam  called  the  attention  of  the  Directors 
of  the  Company  to  this  omission.  They  at  once  recommended  "attention 
to  religious  services  both  on  shipboard  and  on  land."  They  also  thanked 
the  Consistory  for  calling  attention  to  the  matter.     It  was  agreed  that  the 


^Among  the  Dutch  were  many  Walloons,  as  they  are  called  in  Eng- 
lish. Their  orig-inal  name  was  Gallois,  because  they  bordered  on  France 
and  spoke  the  old  French;  but  the  Dutch  called  them  Waalsche,  which 
was  corrupted  into  Walloons.  They  inhabited  the  southern  provinces  of 
Belgium.  These  did  not  join  in  the  Union  of  Utrecht  (1579)  because  most 
of  the  people  were  Roman  Catholics.  The  Protesants  of  these  provinces, 
Vieing-  persecuted,  fled  to  Holland,  and  these  are  the  Walloons  of  history. 


PREPARATION    FOR   THE   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA,    I581-1628         3 

Church  authorities  were  to  select  the  ministers  and  teachers  for  the 
colonies  but  the  Company  was  to  support  them.  Thus  honorably  for  many 
years  the  Dutch  West  India  Company  carried  the  burden  of  the  religious 
and  educational  life  of  its  people. 

In  the  spring  of  1624  when  the  ships  of  the  Company  were  preparing  to 
sail  with  new  colonists  and  supplies  for  New  Netherland,  the  Directors 
were  busy  arranging  for  the  government  of  the  colony.  On  March  28, 
1624,  they  passed  twenty  rules  or  articles  which  were  to  have  the  force 
of  law  in  the  new  settlement.  Among  these  the  second  article  read  as 
follows :  "Within  their  territory  they  shall  only  worship  according  to  the 
true  Reformed  Religion,  as  it  is  done  within  this  country  at  present,  and 
by  a  good  Christian  life  they  shall  try  to  attract  the  Indians  and  other 
blind  persons  to  the  knowledge  of  God  and  his  Word,  without  however 
committing  any  religious  persecution,  but  freedom  of  conscience  shall  be 
left  to  every  one,  but  if  any  one  of  them,  or  if  any  one  within  their  terri- 
tory shall  intentionally  curse  or  speak  blasphemy  against  the  name  of  God 
and  our  Saviour  Jesus  Christ,  he  shall  be  punished  by  the  Commander  and 
his  Council  according  to  circumstances."^ 

The  same  year,  August  6,  1624,  the  Synod  of  North  Holland  took  its 
first  general  action  as  to  the  government  of  the  churches  in  foreign  parts. 
The  decision  then  adopted,  and  often  repeated,  gave  to  any  Classis,  within 
whose  bounds  one  of  the  commercial  companies  had  their  offices,  control 
of  all  ecclesiastical  matters  within  the  colonies  governed  by  such  office. 
This  action  was  not  satisfactory  to  the  inland  Classes,  and  for  a  long 
time  they  complained  but  their  protests  were  ineffectual. 

At  about  the  same  time  the  Directors  of  the  West  India  Company 
applied  to  the  Consistory  of  Amsterdam  to  furnish  them  with  a  comforter 
of  the  sick,  or  lay  chaplain,  for  their  colony  of  New  Netherland.  The 
Consistory  recommended  a  young  man  of  28  years  of  age,  Bastiaen  Jansen 
Krol  (Crol).  He  was  commissioned  December  7,  1623.  His  "Instruc- 
tions" declared  that  he  was  to  conduct  prayers  both  morning  and  night 
on  shipboard  and  before  and  after  meals.  He  must  also  instruct  and 
comfort  the  sick  as  necessity  required.  He  must  exhort  the  ungodly  and  on 
Sundays  read  the  Scriptures  and  a  sermon  from  the  books  of  the  Reformed 
Religion  and  maintain  a  Christian  and  godly  walk.  These  "Instructions" 
were  signed  by  two  ministers  and  an  elder  and  properly  sealed.  Krol  sailed 
from  Amsterdam  on  January  25,  1624,  and  arrived  on  Manhattan  on 
March  8th,  1624. 

Doubtless  the  Walloon  colonists  received  him  with  gladness  and  we 
may  be  sure  that  all  through  the  long,  bright  days  of  summer  Krol  con- 
ducted services  for  them  in  the  open  air,  for  as  yet  there  was  no  house  of 
worship.  After  spending  about  seven  months  with  his  wilderness  flock, 
Krol  returned  to  Holland  in  October,  1624.  In  Holland  he  enlightened  the 
authorities  as  to  the  state  of  the  colony  and  its  needs,  and  the  ne.xt  spring 
he  returned  to  his  charge.  Although  he  remained  unordained  he  was 
granted  permission  to  marry  and  to  baptize. 


^This   quotation    is    made   on    the    authority   of   Mr.    L.    P.    de    Boer    who 
found  it  in  the  West  India  Company's  Minutes. 


4  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

The  West  India  Company  now  determined  to  prosecute  their  coloniza- 
tion with  vigor.  The  ordinances  of  the  Company  were  to  be  the  law  of 
the  land,  and  in  cases  for  which  the  Company  had  not  made  special  pro- 
vision the  customs  of  Holland  were  to  prevail.  A  Governor,  to  be  entitled 
Director  General  was  chosen.  A  Council,  invested  with  legislative,  judicial 
and  executive  functions  was  appointed  to  assist  him.  Their  decisions  were 
subject  to  review  by  the  Chamber  at  Amsterdam.  A  koopman  or  secretary 
and  a  schout  or  sheriff  were  also  added.  These  two  lower  officers  were 
directed  to  make  reports,  not  to  the  Director  General,  but  to  the  Com- 
pany. This  arrangement  became  the  occasion  for  suspicion  and  ill  will 
among  them. 

On  December  19,  1625,  the  Company  chose  as  the  first  Director  Gen- 
eral, Peter  Minuit  of  Wesel  on  the  Rhine.  He  was  in  life's  prime,  a  man 
of  vigor  and  Christian  principle.  While  Minuit  was  preparing  for  his 
journey,  on  April  2,  1626,  his  brother-in-law  Jan  Huygen  (Huyck)  was 
appointed  to  accompany  him  as  a  second  comforter  of  the  sick.  After  a 
short  voyage  they  arrived  in  New  Netherland  on  May  4,  1626. 

The  colony  at  once  felt  the  hand  of  a  master.  Minuit's  attitude  toward 
the  Indians  was  similar  to  that  of  Penn  at  a  later  day  and  the  results  were 
similar.  Having  adjusted  the  title  to  the  territory  the  new  Director  Gen- 
•eral  began  building  operations.  A  fort  was  begun,  a  stone  house  for  the 
Director  and  Koopman  was  erected.  Windmills  for  grinding  grain  and 
sawing  wood  were  'built.  Piles  were  driven  to  form  a  dock  in  the  East 
River,  and  the  huts  of  the  first  settlers  began  to  be  replaced  by  more 
substantial  dwellings. 

The  negro  slaves  of  the  Company  were  set  to  clearing  land  and  soon 
cattle  were  pasturing  and  grain  was  waving  on  the  six  farms  extending 
across  the  island  just  north  of  the  settlement. 

In  the  midst  of  this  activity  the  two  comforters  of  the  sick,  Krol  and 
Huygen,  performed  their  spiritual  functions.  There  were  now  about  two 
Tiundred  people  on  Manhattan  and  since  there  was  as  yet  no  room  suffici- 
ently large  to  accommodate  so  many,  we  may  be  sure  that  religious  ser- 
vices were  conducted  during  the  summer  of  1626  out  of  doors.  But  a 
place  of  worship  was  about  to  be  provided.  Because  the  low  ground  in 
the  vicinity  was  good  for  tan  pits  the  Director  constructed  a  horse  mill 
to  grind  bark  for  tanning  at  about  what  is  now  32  and  34  South  William 
Street.  In  the  second  story  of  this  building  a  large  room  was  provided 
for  church  purposes  and  a  small  belfry  crowned  the  whole.  The  original 
account  of  its  erection  states  :  "Francoys  Molemaecker  is  busy  making  a 
horse  mill  over  which  shall  be  constructed  a  spacious  room,  sufficient  to 
accommodate  a  large  congregation.  Moreover  a  tower  is  to  be  erected 
where  the  bells  from  Porto  Rico  will  be  hung." 

When  this  church  room  was  completed  the  congregation  moved  into  it, 
and  for  the  first  time  prayer  and  praise  ascended  from  a  house  of  God 
upon  Manhattan  Island.  From  this  period  comes  the  first  definite  refer- 
ence to  religious  services.  It  is  brief  but  satisfactory:  "Sebastiaen  Jansz 
Krol  and  Jan  Huyck  are  comforters  of  the  sick.     These  while  awaiting 


PREPARATION    FOR   THE    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA,    I581-1628  5 

a  clergyman,  read  to  the  commonalty  on  Sundays  texts  of  Scripture  and 
the  creeds." 

Krol  soon  went  to  Fort  Orange  (Albany)  where  he  acted  as  the  Director 
General's  representative  and  comforter  of  the  sick  for  three  years.  This, 
so  far  as  known,  was  the  beginning  of  Reformed  religious  services  within 
the  colony  but  beyond  the  boundary  of  Manhattan.  He  returned  however 
occasionally  to  New  Amsterdam  where  his  many  friends  were  glad  to  see 
him  and  to  listen  to  his  voice  in  prayer,  exhortation  and  praise. 

Jan  Huygen  acted  as  store  keeper  for  the  Company  and  as  adviser  to  his 
brother-in-law  the  Director  General.  As  occasion  required  he  visited  the 
sick  and  on  Sabbath  days  led  the  services  of  the  sanctuary  of  the  upper 
chamber.  He  had  come  to  the  savage  land  not  unprovided  with  religious 
books  and  these  formed  the  beginning  of  the  first  church  library  in  the 
middle  colonies. 

Such  was  the  preparation  for  the  founding  of  the  Reformed  Church  in 
America.    The  day  of  its  organization  was  at  hand. 


CHAPTER   II. 
THE  FOUNDING  OF  THE  CHURCH  IN  AMERICA,  1628-1632. 

The  settlers  on  Manhattan  were  "awaiting  a  clergyman,"  and  the  West 
India  Company  in  Holland  was  on  the  lookout  for  the  right  man  for  the 
place.  Thereupon  the  Classis  of  Enkhuysen  gave  a  call  to  one  of  their 
members,  Rev.  Jonas  Michaelius,  for  that  field,  and  he  was  appointed  by 
the  West  India  Company. 

It  was  no  doubt  the  example  of  the  Classis  of  Enkhuysen  on  this  oc- 
casion, which  suggested  to  the  Synod  of  North  Holland  in  1628,  the 
propriety  of  requiring  special  calls  to  all  ministers  who  were  to  serve 
abroad.  The  next  year  the  rule  was  also  made  to  include  schoolmasters 
and  comforters  of  the  sick.  The  Company  was  also  requested  to  make 
special  contracts  with  those  whom  the  Classis  sent  to  the  colonies,  and 
annual  reports  were  required. 

Michaelius  was  the  only  minister  sent  by  the  Classis  of  Enkhuysen  to 
New  Amsterdam,  for  the  business  of  the  West  India  Company  was  steadily 
drifting  to  Amsterdam.  As  before  stated,  it  had  been  decided  that  the 
Classis  within  whose  bounds  one  of  the  commercial  companies  had  their 
offices  controlled  all  ecclesiastical  matters  within  the  colonies  governed 
from  that  office.  Therefore  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  without  appointment 
soon  came  to  be  the  chief  manager  of  affairs  in  the  Dutch  colonies.  In- 
deed in  the  case  of  Michaelius  a  committee  of  the  Consistory  (not  Classis) 
of  Amsterdam  relieved  the  Classis  of  Enkhuysen  of  the  burden  of  his  care. 

A  few  years  later,  in  1636,  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  took  upon  itself 
the  control  of  all  foreign  matters  and  the  Consistory  of  Amsterdam  gave 
up  its  responsibility.  For  this  reason  facts  relating  to  religious  officials 
sent  to  New  Netherland  before  1636  should  be  sought  in  the  minutes  of  the 
Consistory  of  Amsterdam,  and,  after  that  date,  in  the  minutes  of  the 
Classis  of  Amsterdam. 

The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  appointed  a  special  committee  styled  "De- 
putati  ad  Res  Exteras"  to  attend  to  its  foreign  churches.  This  committee 
carried  on  a  continuous  correspondence  with  the  American  Dutch  churches 
until  the  Revolutionary  War. 

The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  drew  up  a  special  form  of  call  and  letters 
of  instruction  for  ministers,  comforters  of  the  sick  and  school  masters 
going  abroad.  It  also  made  arrangements  for  their  special  examination 
and  recommendation  to  the  companies  which  supported  them  and  for  cor- 
respondence with  them.    For  the  convenience  of  these  Deputies  on  Foreign 

6 


THE   FOUNDING  OF  THE   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA.    1628-IO32  7 

Aflfairs  a  transcript  of  all  colonial  church  business  was  prepared  in  special 
volumes.' 

Shortly  after,  in  1638,  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  adopted  a  seal  to  be 
placed  upon  its  official  documents.'' 

Rev.  Jonas  Michaelius,  the  first  Dutch  pastor  in  America,  was  born 
February  10,  1584.  He  matriculated  at  the  University  of  Leyden  November 
17,  1598.  He  had  held  village  pastorates  in  Holland  and  had  served  as  a 
naval  chaplain  upon  the  coast  of  Brazil  and  Africa,  before  his  appointment 
to   New   Netherland."" 

The  Directors  of  the  Company  promised  him  a  farm  and  he  was  supplied 
with  seeds  and  plants  to  stock  it.  Accompanied  by  his  wife,  three  children 
and  a  hired  boy,  he  fared  forth  on  Jan.  24,  1628. 

The  voyage  was  long  and  stormy.  The  ship  small  and  uncomfortable, 
with  scanty  food.  The  necessary  discomforts  were  increased  by  the  cook 
who  took  especial  delight  in  annoying  Mrs.  Michaelius  and  the  children. 
The  drunken  captain,  whom  Michaelius  had  known  on  the  coast  of  Africa, 
was  as  "unmannerly  as  a  buffalo." 

The  sea-sick  passengers  stepped  ashore  on  April  7,  1628,  and  were  gladly 
received  by  the  settlers  of  the  island.  Domine  Michaelius  at  once  organized 
a  church,  appointing  Director  General  Minuit  and  Comforter  of  the  Sick 
Huygen,  elders  and  Bastiaen  Krol,  deacon.  The  last  was  only  expected 
to  serve  as  business  at  Fort  Orange  allowed  his  presence  on  Manhattan. 

The  new  Consistory  then  held  their  first  meeting,  the  first  assembly  of 
its  kind  in  America.  Some  of  the  people  presented  church  certificates  and 
some,  upon  their  own  testimony, and  that  of  others  that  they  were  church 
members,  were  admitted  to  fellowship.     A  few  joined  on  confession. 

Thus  the  first  church  of  the  middle  colonies  was  organized,  probably  on 
April  10,  1628.  This  Church  continues  to  this  day,  the  Collegiate  Reformed 
Protestant  Dutch  Church  of  the  City  of  New  York,  the  mother  of  the 
Reformed  Church  in  America. 

About  fifty  persons,  Walloons  and  Dutch,  sat  down  to  the  Lord's  Supper 
at  that  time.  No  doubt  as  they  gazed  from  the  windows  of  the  rude  mill 
loft  over  the  wild  country  round  about,  they  remembered  with  sadness  the 
stately  churches  and  beautiful  worship  of  the  Fatherland.  But  without 
their  knowledge  they  were  preparing  the  foundation  of  a  mightier  structure 
than  Holland  could  ever  know. 


'These  volumes  of  "Extracts  Relating-  to  Colonial  Affairs"  were  not 
continued  after  1705.  The  volumes  of  the  Classis  were  not  numbered 
until  1816.  and  then  the  numbering  was  not  scientifically  done.  Vol. 
xxxix  consists  of  "Extracts"  from  1635-1648.  Vol.  xix  of  "Extracts"  from 
1655-1705.      Vol.   xxxvii   is  an   Index   to  Vol.   xxxix. 

20n  Aug-.  2,  1638,  the  Classis  adopted  a  seal  by  the  following  minute: 
"The  brethren  deputed  to  devise  a  classical  seal  submitted  to  the  assem- 
bly some  designs  drawn  by  them  on  paper.  The  one  which  was  adopted 
by   a   majority   of  votes   contained   the   words — 

VERITAS   ET    PAX, 
with  an  open  Bible  and  an  olive  branch   lying  upon  it  and  sprouting  up 
out   of   it." — Minutes   of   Classic,   volume   iv.,   iiajsre    132. 

'It  has  been  believed  that  Jonas  Michaelius  was  born  in  1577  and  ma- 
triculated at  Leyden  University  in  1600.  But  Professor  Dr.  A.  Eekhof 
of  Leyden  University  (Holland)  discovered  in  the  Dutch  Archives  that 
Michaelius  matriculated  on  Nov.  17,  1598,  and  that  he  was  fifteen  years 
old  on  Feb.  10,  1599,  thus  fixing  1584  as  the  year  of  his  birth.  See  his 
article. 


O  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

The  life  of  the  first  pastor  on  Manhattan  was  full  of  sorrow  and  toil. 
Seven  weeks  after  his  arrival  Domine  Michaelius  lost  his  wife,  who  had 
been  to  him  "for  more  than  sixteen  years  a  virtuous,  faithful  and  alto- 
gether amiable  yoke-fellow."  He  found  house-keeping  without  her  very 
difficult,  the  food  supply  insufficient  in  amount  and  poor  in  quality  and  his 
flock  rude  but  friendly. 

Mindful  of  Christ's  great  commission  the  Christian  pastor  at  once  took 
an  interest  in  the  children  of  the  forest  and  began  to  make  plans  for  their 
conversion.  He  was  disappointed  in  them  for  he  found  them  "entirely 
savage  and  wild,  strangers  to  all  decency,  yea,  uncivil  and  stupid  as  garden 
poles,  proficient  in  all  wickedness  and  godlessness."  Their  religious  con- 
ceptions were  of  the  slightest  and  their  language  difficult  to  acquire.  He 
concluded  that  it  was  impossible  to  convert  the  older  people  but  hoped  by 
separating  some  of  the  children  from  their  parents  to  make  an  impression 
upon  them.  There  is  no  evidence  that  any  of  his  efforts  in  behalf  of  the 
Indians  had  any  definite  result. 

In  order  to  develop  the  colony  the  West  India  Company  devised  the 
scheme  of  patroonships.  This  plan  adopted  as  the  Charter  of  Freedoms 
and  Exemptions  in  June,  1629,  offered  very  large  estates  to  any  of  the 
Directors  of  the  Company  who  within  a  specified  time  would  agree  to 
colonize  them.  The  Company  reserved  to  itself  the  fur  trade  and  the 
Island  of  Manhattan,  intending  to  make  New  Amsterdam  the  emporium 
of  the  country. 

The  duties  of  religion  and  education  were  emphasized  in  the  charter 
given  to  the  patroons  by  the  following  article : 

"The  patroons  and  colonists  shall,  in  particular,  and  in  the  speediest  man- 
ner, endeavor  to  find  out  ways  and  means,  whereby  they  may  support  a 
minister  and  schoolmaster,  that  thus  the  service  of  God  and  the  zeal  for 
religion  may  not  grow  cold  and  be  neglected  among  them,  and  that  they 
may  at  first  procure  a  comforter  of  the  sick." 

By  this  article  was  laid  the  foundation  for  the  establishment  of  the  Re- 
formed Church  in  America. 

The  system  of  patroonships  was  a  failure.  An  unfortunate  condition 
arose  in  which  the  interests  of  a  patroon  were  in  direct  opposition  to 
his  duty  as  a  Director  of  the  Company.  Great  quarrels  resulted  among 
the  principals  in  Holland  and  were  soon  transferred  to  their  agents  in 
America.    The  infant  colony  of  New  Netherland  was  aflame  with  discord. 

Deacon  Krol  at  Fort  Orange  seems  to  have  held  aloof  from  the  dispute 
and  Elder  Huygen  on  Manhattan  remained  inconspicuous,  but  Director 
General  Minuit  and  Domine  Michaelius  were  involved.  It  is  probable  that 
both  men  offended  officials  of  the  Company,  whose  dishonest  plans  for  per- 
sonal profit  they  crossed.  Of  Michaelius  it  was  said :  "The  minister,  Jonas 
Michielsz,  is  very  energetic  here  stirring  up  fire  between  them  (the 
Director  and  other  officials).  He  ought  to  be  a  mediator  in  God's  church 
and  community,  but  he  seems  to  be  the  contrary." 

Director  General  Minuit,  the  first  Dutch  elder  in  America,  was  recalled 
and  left  his  province  under  a  cloud.     Yet  he  had  wrought  nobly   in  the 


THE  FOUNDING  OF  THE  CHURCH   IN   AMERICA,    1628-1632         9 

wilderness  and  he  justly  is  considered  the  founder  of  the  State  of  New 
York,  for  he  was  the  first  to  set  up  a  civil  administration. 

Domine  Michaelius  left  his  flock  pastorless  in  the  wilderness  about  the 
same  time.  He  reported  to  the  Consistory  of  Amsterdam  on  March  4,  1632. 
The  same  year  he  also  was  examined  as  to  conditions  in  the  Colony  by  the 
West  India  Company.  They  were  displeased  with  him,  and  at  a  later 
date,  1637,  when  the  Classis  proposed  to  send  him  back  to  America,  the 
Company  curtly  vetoed  the  proposition.  He  subsequently  preached  in 
Dutch  churches  in  England  and  then  retired  to  Zeeland,  where  he  dis- 
appears from  view  at  about  sixty  years  of  age. 

Rev.  Jonas  Michaelius,  Director  General  Minuit,  Jan  Huygen  and 
Bastiaen  Jansen  Krol  constituted  the  first  Consistory  of  the  Collegiate  Re- 
formed Protestant  Dutch  Church  of  the  City  of  New  York,  and  as  such 
thev  were  the  founders  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America.* 


■■Three  mural  tablets  in  honor  of  the  first  Consistory  of  the  Reformed 
Church  in  America  were  erected  in  the  Middle  Dutch  Church,  New  York 
City  in  the  year  1900  by  William  L.  Brower,  "a  successor  in  ecclesiastical 
office."  See  Manual  of  1902,  p.  21. 


CHAPTER  III. 
CHURCH  LIFE  IN  THE  WILDERNESS,  1632-1647. 

After  the  departure  of  Director  General  Minuit  and  Domine  Michaelius 
in  1632,  Deacon  Krol  was  "elected"  Director.  During  his  short  administra- 
tion of  thirteen  months  the  colony  had  the  happiness  to  have  few  annals 
and  the  life  of  the  Church  is  obscure.  It  had  been  weakened  by  party 
strife  and  by  the  departure  of  its  pastor,  but  we  may  be  sure  that  Krol 
would  not  allow  the  people  to  remain  without  religious  services.  Krol 
returned  to  Holland  about  1633  but  continued  to  serve  the  West  India 
Company  as  Comforter  of  the  Sick.  He  is  last  mentioned  in  1645.  He 
is  worthy  of  honor  as  the  iirst  known  conductor  of  Reformed  Church  ser- 
vices in  the  New  World.^ 

Meantime  the  Company  was  ready  to  send  and  support  a  minister  on 
Manhattan  and  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  was  looking  for  the  right  man 
to  fill  the  difficult  office.  Their  choice  fell  upon  Everardus  Bogardus,  a 
young  man  of  about  25  years  of  age,  and  a  graduate  of  Leyden  University.'' 
He  had  had  experience  as  a  Comforter  of  the  Sick  in  Guinea  but  was  not 
yet  ordained.  He  was  accordingly  examined  and  promoted  to  the  sacred 
office  in  June,   1632. 

At  about  the  same  time  the  West  India  Company  made  an  unwise  selec- 
tion of  Wouter  Van  Twiller  for  the  Directorship  of  New  Netherland. 
The  next  spring  Van  Twiller  with  several  officials  for  the  colony  and  a 
company  of  soldiers  embarked  for  New  Amsterdam.  Among  them  were 
Rev.  Everardus  Bogardus  and  Adam  Roelandsen,  "Schoolmaster."  The 
latter  was  probably  sent  by  the  Consistory  of  Amsterdam  and  we  may  sup- 
pose that  he  opened  his  school  soon  after  his  arrival.  He  received  a  formal 
appointment  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  in  1637.  Hence  that  date  is  gen- 
erally given  as  that  of  the  beginning  of  the  school  system  in  America.  It 
is  practically  certain  however  that  the  real  foundation  of  the  school  was 
four  years  earlier.  Roelandsen  was  totally  unfit  in  character  to  be  an  in- 
structor of  youth. 


'On  Oct.  7,  1645,  Krol  married  as  his  second  wife  Engeltie  Baerents  van 
Norde,    widow   of   Abram   Valentyn. 

^In  1875  the  "General  Catalogue  of  the  University  of  Leyden"  ("Album 
Studiosorum  Academise  Lugduno  Batavse")  was  published,  containing  the 
names  and  other  facts  of  all  the  students  for  three  centuries.  Hague, 
4to,  pp.  1723.  By  Martinus  Nijhoff.  A  copy  of  this  was  procured  by  Dr. 
B.  T.  Corwin  in  1898,  and  belongs  to  the  Collegiate  Church  of  New  York.  Also 
the  "General  Catalogue  of  the  University  of  Utrecht"  ("Album  Studio- 
sorum Academise  Rheno-Trajectinae,"  1636-1886).  This  also  belongs  to 
the  Collegiate  Church.  There  is  also  a  "General  Catalogue  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Groningen,  published  about  1826.  These  Catalogues  contain 
hundreds  of  English  and  Scotch  names,  as  well  as  almost  all  of  those 
of  the  early  American  Dutch  ministers. 

10 


CHURCH    LIFE    IN    THE    WILDERNESS,    1632-1647  II 

Bogardus  himself  was  not  without  genuine  piety,  but  he  was  of  hasty 
temper  and  of  coarse  speech.  His  appetites  were  not  properly  controlled 
and  he  was  subject  to  fits  of  remorse  when  he  would  serve  the  communion 
to  others  but  would  not  partake  of  it  himself.  As  the  new  pastor  surveyed 
his  field  he  found  that  his  congregation  consisted  of  three  or  four  hun- 
dred persons  of  very  miscellaneous  character.  He  began  to  labor  among 
them  with  enthusiasm,  not  neglecting  the  negroes  and  Indians.  The  people 
in  the  earlier  part  of  his  ministry  responded  to  his  efforts  and  his  sermons 
were  said  to  be  "good  sermons."  The  mill  loft  was  no  longer  adequate 
and  a  church  and  parsonage  were  erected.  This  church,  for  which  the 
West  India  Company  paid  the  bills,  was  located  on  a  high  point  of  land 
fronting  the  East  River,  near  what  is  now  Pearl  street,  between  White- 
ball  and  Broad  streets.  Although  of  mean  architecture,  it  was  a  conspicu- 
ous object  to  vessels  coming  up  the  bay,  and  it  is  to  be  respected  as  the 
first  edifice  'built  exclusively  for  church  purposes  upon  Manhattan  Island. 

In  his  new  parsonage,  close  to  the  church,  Domine  Bogardus  lived  for 
five  years  in  bachelor  estate,  drawing  his  rations  from  the  Company's 
stores,  whose  official  he  was.  At  the  end  of  that  time  in  1638  he  married 
Anneken  Jans,  whose  first  husband's  farm  then  became  known  as  the 
Domine's  "Bouwerie."  This  estate,  the  most  renowned  farm  in  America, 
afterward  came  into  possession  of  Trinity  Church  and  was  the  source  of 
its  wealth.^ 

Bogardus  was  inclined  to  meddle  with  other  people's  affairs  and  he 
became  involved  in  several  bitter  quarrels  during  the  administration  of 
Van  Twiller.  Accusations  were  made  against  him  to  the  Classis  of  Amster- 
dam, but  his  own  Consistory  supported  him.  Bogardus  desired  to  return 
to  Holland  to  defend  himself  but  the  Council  resolved,  July  8,  1638,  "to 
retain  the  minister  here,  so  that  the  increase  of  God's  Word  may  be  in  no 
manner  prevented."  The  nature  of  the  trouble  is  obscure  and  the  matter 
was  finally  dropped  without  a  decision. 

In  the  midst  of  these  trials  Bogardus  continued  to  preach  and  to  do 
pastoral  work  and  God  gave  "great  grace  and  blessing  upon  the  proclama- 
tion of  his  saving  Word  in  those  strange  and  far  distant  lands"  and 
granted  *'a  reasonable  degree  of  prosperity  to  his  church  there." 

The  administration  of  Director  General  Van  Twiller  was  a  farce  and 
he  was  recalled.  But  that  of  his  successor,  William  Kieft  was  destined  to 
be  a  tragedy.  Kieft  was  an  adventurer  of  bad  repute.  It  is  strange  that 
when  the  fortunes  of  the  West  India  Company  were  failing  and  the  colony 
especially  needed  an  administration  of  wisdom,  character  and  energy,  the 
Directors  should  choose  for  the  position,  September.  1637,  a  man  whose 
picture  had  been  nailed  to  the  gallows  and  who  was  known  to  have  been 
an  embezzler. 

Kieft  found  the  affairs  of  the  colony  in  great  disorder  and  he  proceeded 
at  once  to  cure  the  evils  by  proclamation.  He  also  played  the  tyrant  with 
energy  and  was  very  skillful  in  providing  for  his  own  profit.     But  just 


'For  the  story  of  this  farm  see  numerous  allusions  thereto  in  the  Ecc. 
Rec.  of  State  of  N.  Y.  to  be  found  in  the  Index  under  the  heading  Anneke 
Jans. 


12  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

at  this  time,  1638,  the  States  General  infused  some  wisdom  into  the  manage- 
ment of  the  West  India  Company.  Under  their  direction  the  Company 
threw  open  the  country  to  trade  and  various  wise  rules  for  the  advance- 
ment of  the  colony  were  made. 

In  1640  the  charters  of  the  old  patroonships  were  modified  so  that 
others  beside  directors  of  the  Company  could  acquire  land  and  many 
advantages  were  ofifered.  The  Company  passed  the  following  act  in  re- 
gard to  religion  : 

"And  no  other  religion  shall  be  publicly  admitted  in  New  Netherland 
except  the  Reformed,  as  it  is  at  present  preached  and  practised  by  public 
authority  in  the  United  Netherlands;  and  for  this  the  Company  shall  pro- 
vide and  maintain  good  and  suitable  preachers,  schoolmasters  and  com- 
forters of  the  sick." 

The  efifect  of  these  reforms  was  at  once  apparent.  The  farms  on  Man- 
hattan Island  increased  within  a  year  from  seven  to  thirty.  New  settle- 
ments were  made  by  the  Dutch  on  Staten  Island  and  elsewhere,  and  many- 
English  Puritans  of  the  Presbyterian  type  began  to  settle  under  the  Dutch 
flag,  especially  upon  the  western  end  of  Long  Island.  Among  these  were 
the  Presbyterian  ministers  Rev.  Francis  Doughty  and  the  Rev.  Richard 
Denton.  These  men  for  a  time  were  treated  well  by  Kieft  and  received 
patents  granting  them  religious  freedom.  Thus  they  became  the  founders 
of  Presbyterianism  in  the  colony. 

Father  Jogues,  the  first  Roman  Catholic  priest  to  visit  the  region,  in 
1643,  described  conditions  and  said  of  religion,  "No  religion  is  publicly 
exercised  but  the  Calvinistic,  and  orders  are  to  admit  none  but  Calvinists. 
But  this  is  not  observed,  for  there  are  in  the  colony.  Catholics,  English 
Puritans,   Lutherans,   Anabaptists,   here   called   Mennonists,   etc." 

From  this  era  date  the  first  Records  of  the  Collegiate  Church  in  New 
York.  The  Amsterdam  correspondence  mentions  earlier  records  but  none 
are  extant  before  1639.  Domine  Selyns,  pastor  from  1682-1701,  collected 
the  material  that  he  found  and  copied  it.  His  copies  are  the  records  now 
in  the  possession  of  the  Collegiate  Church.* 

At  this  time  provision  was  also  made  for  the  poor,  and  a  contribution 
box  was  hung  in  the  house  of  the  Director,  in  which  fines  and  gifts  for  the 
poor  were  deposited. 

About  1640  the  congregation  on  Manhattan  began  to  be  ashamed  of  the 
bare,  little  church,  which  looked  "like  a  mean  barn."  After  much  dis- 
cussion a  much  larger,  more  imposing  structure  of  stone  was  erected  within 
the  fort.  This  situation  was  unfortunate,  but  Kieft  insisted  upon  it  against 
the  wish  of  most  of  the  people. 

Part  of  the  money  for  this  building  was  obtained  from  subscriptions 
June  29,  1642,  at  the  wedding  festivities  of  Domine  Bogardus'  step- 
daughter. "After  the  fourth  or  fifth  drink"  Kieft  produced  a  paper, 
putting  his  name  to  a  liberal  sum  at  the  head  of  the  list.     "Each  then  with 


<These  records  are  preserved  in  a  long-  series  of  volumes  in  the  vaults 
of  the  Colleg-iate  Church,  113  Fulton  Street,  New  York  City.  They  were 
kept  in  Dutch  until  the  Revolutionary  War,  but  have  been  translated  by 
Dr.  T.  W.  Chambers. 


CHURCH    LIFE    IN    THE    WILDERNESS,    1632-1647  I3 

a  light  head,  subscribed  away  at  a  handsome  rate,  one  competing  with  the 
other,  and  ahhough  some  heartily  repented  it  when  their  senses  came 
■back,  they  were  obliged  nevertheless  to  pay  ;  nothing  could  avail  against 
it." 

An  ambiguous  inscription  was  placed  in  the  front  wall  of  this  church: 
"Anno  1642.  Willem  Kieft  Directeur  Generael,  heeft  de  ghemeente  desen 
tempel  doen  bouwen."  "In  the  year  1642  William  Kieft,  the  Director 
General,  the  congregation  caused  to  build  this  temple." 

In  1790  when  the  fort  was  demolished,  this  stone  was  found.  It  was 
taken  to  the  belfry  of  the  Garden  Street  Church,  where  it  was  destroyed 
in  the  great  fire  of  1835. 

As  soon  as  the  building  of  the  church  in  the  fort  was  sufficiently  ad- 
vanced the  congregation  moved  into  it,  but  terrible  events  were  at  hand 
and  it  was  not  to  be  completed  for  several  years. 

Kieft's  despotism  toward  the  settlers  had  been  somewhat  restrained  by 
the  West  India  Company,  and  especially  by  his  fear  of  the  States  General. 
But  no  such  scruples  hindered  him  in  his  treatment  of  the  Indians.  The 
culmination  of  many  acts  of  wicked  folly  occurred  on  February  25,  1643. 
Against  the  protests  of  Domine  Bogardus  and  others  on  that  night  he 
ordered  a  massacre  of  a  large  number  of  sleeping  Indians  in  revenge  for 
an  individual  murder. 

This  act  resulted  in  a  general  uprising  of  the  savages  with  all  the  horrors 
of  bar^barous  warfare.  South  of  the  Highlands  of  the  Hudson  few 
isolated  farm  houses  remained  and  only  those  settlers  survived  who  had 
taken  refuge  at  the  fort.  After  months  of  agony  the  Indians  were  reduced 
to  a  sullen  peace. 

Even  the  despotic  Kieft  was  shaken  by  the  course  of  events  and  at  the 
conclusion  of  hostilities  he  proclaimed  a  day  of  thanksgiving.  The  Presby- 
terian ministers  on  Long  Island  and  Domine  Megapolensis  at  Rensselaer- 
wyck  observed  the  occasion.  Domine  Bogardus  preached,  "and  a  good 
sermon  too,"  but  refused  to  make  any  reference  to  the  Director's  orders 
or  to  the  peace.  His  attitude  brought  to  a  climax  the  quarrel  which  had 
long  been  brewing  between  him  and  the  Director.  Kieft  thereafter  re- 
frained from  church  attendance  and  his  example  was  followed  by  all  those 
who  wished  his  favor.  But  when  Domine  Megapolensis  visited  New 
Amsterdam  and  preached  for  Bogardus  he  attended  the  service  to  "admire 
the  great  gifts  and  talents  which  God  hath  bestowed  upon  him." 

This  unseemly  dispute  waxed  and  waned  as  one  or  the  other  attacked 
the  conduct  of  his  enemy.  At  last  things  came  to  such  a  pass  that  Kieft 
encouraged  the  baser  elements  of  the  community  to  insult  those  who  were 
on  their  way  to  church,  and  to  play  noisy  games  under  the  church  win- 
dows during  service.  On  at  least  one  occasion  he  commanded  a  company 
of  soldiers  to  practice  shooting  near  the  building  while  Bogardus  was 
preaching. 

Meanwhile  Bogardus  and  his  friends  were  not  slack  in  their  efiforts  to 
obtain  the  recall  of  the  despotic  Director. 

The  appeals  against   Kieft  were   successful  and  on   May  24,   1647,   the 


14  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

new  Director  General,  Peter  Stuyvesant,  arrived  to  succeed  him.  Kieft 
however  had  some  of  his  enemies  convicted  and  ordered  to  Holland  for 
punishment.  Domine  Bogardus  also  determined  to  go  to  defend  himself 
against  Kieft's  influence  with  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  He  therefore 
resigned  his  pastorate  on  July  22,  1647,  and  prepared  to  embark. 

A  large  company  of  people,  including  Kieft,  his  prisoners,  Domine 
Bogardus  and  others  embarked  for  Holland  on  the  ship  Princess  on 
August  16,  1647.  On  Sept.  27,  1647,  the  ship  was  wrecked  on  the  coast 
of  England  and  eighty-one  persons  perished.  Among  them  were  ex- 
Director   General  Kieft  and   Domine   Bogardus. 

For  several  years  Domine  Bogardus  had  been  the  only  Reformed  min- 
ister in  America,  but  in  1642  he  welcomed  to  his  fellowship  the  Rev. 
Johannes  Megapolensis  who  was  appointed  to  the  pastorate  at  Fort  Orange. 

Krol  doubtless  had  conducted  religious  services  there  but  probably  no 
church  had  been  established.  Adrian  Vander  Donck  while  acting  as  sheriff 
of  the  new  patroonship  of  Rensselaerwyck,  had  been  impressed  by  the 
lawlessness  of  that  extreme  outpost  of  civilization.  He  accordingly  urged 
the  Patroon  Van  Rensselaer  to  secure  a  minister  for  the  field  in  Holland. 
This  was  done  and  the^Rev.  Johannes  Megapolensis  was  secured.  He  had 
been  brought  up  a  Roman  Catholic  but  in  his  own  words,  "The  Father  of 
mercies  pitied  me  and  opened  the  eyes  of  my  mind,  and  by  the  rays  of  the 
salutary  knowledge  of  Christ  and  of  his  merits  enlightened  me."  He  had 
held  pastorates  in  Holland  and  was  at  this  time  about  forty  years  of  age. 

On  March  6,  1642,  the  Patroon  made  a  regular  contract  with  Mega- 
polensis to  serve  as  pastor  at  Rensselaerwyck  for  six  years.  A  liberal 
arrangement  for  his  support  was  provided  and  a  library  of  books  furnished. 
The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  approved  the  call  and  the  minister  and  his 
family  fared  forth  on  their  journey. 

They  tarried  on  Manhattan  for  a  while  and  it  is  probable  that  Mega- 
polensis preached  for  Bogardus  as  he  is  known  to  have  done  at  a  later  date. 
The  family  were  settled  in  their  forest  home  by  the  middle  of  August,  1642. 

Megapolensis  soon  exerted  a  great  influence  in  improving  the  morals  and 
religion  of  the  frontier  community.  He  also  was  instrumental  in  saving 
the  lives  of  several  of  the  Jesuit  missionaries  who  had  been  made  captive 
by  the  Mohawks.  He  studied  the  language  of  the  Indians  and  became 
quite  proficient  in  it.  As  soon  as  he  was  able  he  began  to  labor  among 
them,  exposing  himself  to  great  inconvenience  and  danger  to  show  to  them 
the  way  of  salvation.  He  was  more  successful  than  either  Michaelius  or 
Bogardus  had  been  on  Manhattan  and  several  of  them  united  with  his 
church.  He  remained  in  Rensselaerwyck  until  1649  and  securely  laid  the 
foundation  of  the  church  there. 

Thus  within  less  than  a  generation  of  the  planting  of  a  permanent  colony 
in  New  Netherland,  two  churches  had  been  established  and  three  ministers 
had  labored  upon  the  field. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

THE    CHURCH    FULLY     ESTABLISHED    UNDER    THE    WEST 
INDIA  COMPANY,  1647-1664. 

When  Peter  Stuyvesant  arrived  to  assume  the  government  of  New 
Netherland,  he  brought  with  him  the  Rev.  Johannes  Cornelisz  Backerus, 
whom  he  had  picked  up  at  Curacoa  during  his  voyage  to  America.  Back 
erus  had  been  serving  the  church  there.  He  was  a  poor  man  of  little  educa- 
tion, "quicker  with  his  tongue  than  with  his  pen."  They  found  the  church 
on  Manhattan  of  about  170  members,  but  sadly  divided  because  of  the 
disputes  between  Kieft  and  Bogardus.  The  people  however  urged  Back- 
erus to  become  their  pastor  and  he  remained  for  a  time  (1647-1649)  al- 
though much  against  his  will. 

Stuyvesant  was  elected  an  elder  in  the  Church  and  the  two  men  labored 
together  for  the  moral  and  religious  welfare  of  the  community.  The 
church  building  in  the  fort  was  completed  and  a  day  of  prayer  observed. 

Backerus  was  shocked  at  the  amount  of  drunkenness  which  he  found 
among  the  people.  Although  liquor  cost  200  per  cent  more  than  in  Holland 
there  were  seventeen  tap  rooms  in  the  little  town  and  he  declared  that 
three  or  four  were  sufficient.  Stuyvesant  himself  was  displeased  both  with 
the  bibulous  habits  of  his  subjects  and  with  the  small  revenue  derived 
from  the  sale  of  liquor.  He  therefore  issued  an  order  against  tippling 
during  divine  service,  and  a  little  later  he  forbade  the  sale  of  liquor  to  the 
Indians.  After  nine  in  the  evening  no  drinks  were  to  be  sold  to  any  one. 
Measures  to  increase  the  revenue  from  liquor  were  also  adopted.  These 
laws  were  strengthened  from  time  to  time  but  with  only  moderate  success. 

The  new  Director  General  also  decreed  (1648)  that  "from  this  time 
forth,  in  the  afternoon  as  well  as  in  the  forenoon,  there  shall  be  preaching 
from  God's  Word,  and  the  usual  exercise  of  Christian  prayer  and  thanks- 
giving" which  all  persons  were  required  "to  frequent  and  attend."  Other 
laws  upon  the  same  subject  were  passed  from  time  to  time. 

But  Stuyvesant  soon  began  to  show  an  arbitrary  spirit,  and  the  inde- 
pendent people  of  the  province  drew  up  an  elaborate  remonstrance  against 
his  government  and  dispatched  it  to  Holland.  This  greatly  displeased  the 
Director  and  he  forbade  Backerus  to  mention  the  subject  from  his  pulpit. 
As  a  result  of  this  Remonstrance  an  elective  judiciary  was  secured,  and 
New  Amsterdam  was  incorporated  in  1653  with  a  burgher  government, 
somewhat  after  the  model  of  the  cities  of  Holland.  Regular  books  of 
record  were  begun  and  a  form  of  prayer  was  adopted,  with  which  the 
court  was  to  open  its  proceedings.  The  island  of  Manhattan  now  became 
the  city  of  New  Amsterdam. 

15 


l6  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

In  1649  both  the  Dutch  pastors  in  America  were  very  desirous  to  return 
to  Holland.  With  that  object  in  view  Domine  Megapolensis  resigned  his 
charge  at  Fort  Orange  and  came  to  Manhattan.  He  found  Domine  Back- 
erus  about  to  sail,  and,  rather  than  leave  the  province  without  a  pastor, 
he  unselfishly  consented  to  remain  in  New  Amsterdam.  Mrs.  Mega- 
polensis, who  had  already  gone  back  to  the  Fatherland,  recrossed  the  sea, 
and  the  faithful  pair  settled  down  to  a  long  life  of  useful  service  on  Man- 
hattan.    (1649-1670). 

After  the  departure  of  Megapolensis  from  Fort  Orange,  for  a  time  a 
suspended  minister,  William  Grasmeer,  attempted  to  serve  that  church. 
But  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  secured  his  dismissal  and  sent  in  his  place 
Rev.  Gideon  Schaats,  who  was  to  act  as  pastor  and  schoolmaster  and  also 
"to  use  all  Christian  zeal  there  to  bring  up  both  the  heathens  and  their 
children  in  the  Christian  religion."  At  about  this  time  the  church  of  Fort 
Orange  had  two  hundred  members.  Domine  Schaats  served  that  church 
with  moderate  ability  and  amid  domestic  troubles  for  forty-two  years. 
(1652-1694). 

French  and  English  were  coming  into  the  province  in  large  numbers,  and 
in  1652  by  the  advice  of  Stuyvesant  the  Company  sent  over  as  a  colleague 
for  Domine  Megapolensis,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Drisius,  who  could  preach  in 
Dutch,  French  and  English.  Beside  assisting  at  the  church  in  the  fort,  he 
found  large  opportunity  for  the  exercise  of  his  gifts  over  an  extensive 
territory.     His  ministry  lasted  for  twenty-one  years,  1652-1673. 

Drisius'  proposal  for  the  establishment  of  a  Latin  school  was  approved 
by  the  Company,  who  sent  out  Dr.  Alexander  Carolus  Curtius  to  open  a 
classical  academy.  After  three  years  of  rather  unsuccessful  service  he  was 
succeeded  in  1662  by  Aegidius  Luyck,  who  had  'been  a  tutor  in  the  family 
of  the  Director  General. 

Both  Megapolensis  and  Drisius  were  very  acceptable  to  Stuyvesant.  The 
former  accompanied  as  chaplain  the  troops  sent  against  the  Swedes  on  the 
Delaware  and  the  latter  at  one  time  acted  as  the  Director  General's  envoy 
to  Virginia.  Of  them  he  remarked:  "Their  zeal  in  teaching,  admonishing 
and  discipline,  their  peaceable  and  edifying  life  and  conduct,  agreeable  to 
ourselves  and  to  the  whole  community,  compel  us  all  to  pray  that  God  will 
give  them  long  life,  for  the  best  interest  of  his  infant  church  here." 

The  Dutch  settlers  upon  Long  Island  had  been  accustomed  to  attend 
religious  worship  in  the  church  in  the  fort.  But  in  1654  Megapolensis 
organized  for  them  a  church  at  Midwout.  Just  at  this  time  Rev.  John  T. 
Polhemius^  was  journeying  from  Brazil,  where  he  had  served  the  Com- 
pany, to  Manhattan.  On  the  way  he  stopped  at  New  Amstel  (New  Castle), 
Delaware  and  founded  the  church  there. 

Midwout  (Flatbush)  Amersfoort,  (Flatlands)  and  Breuckelen  were  all 
founded  in  1654  and  Polhemius  took  the  general  oversight  of  them  all. 
The  next  year  Gravesend  was  added.  Polhemius  continued  in  service  until 
1676.    He  was  the  first  to  propose  an  association  of  the  American  ministers 


^Several    of   these   Dutch    names   are   spelled    in   the   way   suggested   by 
Prof.  Eekhof  of  Leyden  and  not  according  to  common  American  usage. 


FULLY    ESTABLISHED    UNDER    THE    WEST    INDIA    COMPANY       IJ 

and  churches.  In  1662  he  wrote:  "We  stand  in  need  of  communication  with 
one  another  in  the  form  of  a  Classis  after  the  manner  of  the  Fatherland. 
It  is  desirable  that  this  be  begun  although  I  do  not  know  of  much  business 
to  be  transacted." 

In  1659  the  church  of  Esopus  (Kingston)  was  organized  and  at  about  the 
same  time  the  church  of  Breuckelen  began  to  desire  a  minister  for  them- 
selves. Rev.  Hermannus  Blom  was  ordained  and  sent  to  Esopus.  He  con- 
tinued in  that  field  for  about  seven  years  "where  there  was  plenty  of  every 
thing  but  people."  Rev.  Henricus  Selyns  was  ordained  with  Blom  and  they 
crossed  the  sea  together.  Selyns  settled  at  Breuckelen.  The  settlement 
consisted  of  134  people  of  whom  24  were  church  members.  Selyns  con- 
tinued a  very  acceptable  service  until  1664,  when  he  returned  to  Holland. 
In  order  to  increase  Selyns'  salary  the  Director  General  engaged  him  to 
preach  on  Sunday  evenings  at  his  bowery  on  Manhattan  Island.  This 
evening  service  beyond  the  limits  of  the  town,  at  present  Third  avenue 
and  Tenth  street,  became  very  popular  and  was  frequented  by  both  whites 
and  blacks. 

In  1659  Michiel  Zyperius  began  to  labor  among  the  French  refugees 
settled  at  Harlem,  and  the  next  year  a  church  was  founded.  In  1661  French 
services  were  begun  at  Bushwyck,  L.  I.,  and  on  the  south  side  of  Staten 
Island,  where  Domine  Drisius  preached  twice  a  month.  At  about  the 
same  time  Bergen,  N.  J.,  was  settled.  The  people  erected  a  log  church  and 
twenty-seven  members  were  enrolled.  For  ninety  years  this  little  flock 
conducted  service  for  themselves  with  an  occasional  visit  from  the  Alan- 
hattan  pastors. 

In  1664  Rev.  Samuel  Megapolensis,  son  of  the  Manhattan  pastor,  having 
studied  at  Harvard  in  America  and  completed  his  education  in  Holland, 
returned  to  the  land  of  his  childhood.  He  became  for  four  years,  1664- 
1668,  a  colleague  of  his  father  and  Drisius.  He  doubtless  paid  much  atten- 
tion to  the  outlying  stations.  He  was  never  satisfied  with  his  life  in  the 
frontier  pastorate  and  therefore  sought  and  obtained  service  in  Holland. 

Thus  during  the  thirty-six  years  (1628-1664)  that  the  Reformed  Dutch 
Church  was  the  established  Church  of  New  Netherland  there  were  eleven 
churches  organized  and  two  outstations.  Thirteen  ministers  had  labored 
in  the  country  and  six  were  in  service  at  the  close  of  the  period. 

Altho  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  was  the  established  church  of  the 
colony  many  other  sects  were  represented  among  the  people.  In  1655 
Domine  Megapolensis  wrote :  "We  have  here  Papists,  Mennonites  and 
Lutherans  among  the  Dutch ;  many  Puritans  and  Independents,  also 
atheists  and  other  servants  of  Baal  among  the  English  under  our  gov- 
ernment, who  conceal  themselves  under  the  name  of  Christians." 

The  first  Roman  Catholic  priests  to  visit  New  Amsterdam  were  the 
Jesuit  fathers,  Jogues  in  1642  and  Bressani  in  1644.  In  1657  the  Jesuit 
Father  Simon  LeMoyne,  for  twenty  years  a  missionary  among  the  Mo- 
hawks, spent  the  winter  in  New  Netherland.  By  invitation  he  visited 
Manhattan  and  heard  the  confession  of  the  few  Catholics  there. 

LeMoyne  called  upon  Domine  Megapolensis  and  thanked   him   for   his 


lb  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

kindness  to  the  Jesuit  missionaries  whom  he  had  aided  to  escape  from  their 
captivity  among  the  Red  Men.  Upon  his  return  to  Canada  he  sent  to 
Megapolensis  a  long  apology  for  the  Roman  Catholic  faith  and  urged 
him  to  return  to  the  bosom  of  the  true  Church,  which  he  had  abandoned  in 
his  youth.  Megapolensis  replied  in  a  long  polemic  document  which  is  in- 
teresting to  the  modern  historian  as  showing  the  seventeenth  century 
Protestant  view  of  Roman  Catholicism.^ 

The  influence  of  the  few  Roman  Catholics  in  New  Netherland  was 
negligible,  but  the  growth  of  other  sects  became  a  thorn  in  the  flesh  of 
Reformed  ministers  and  congregations. 

In  1653  the  Lutherans  asked  Stuyvesant  for  permission  to  call  a  minister 
from  Holland  and  to  hold  public  worship.  The  request  was  refused  and 
for  a  time  the  matter  rested.  But  the  agitation  was  revived  and  in  1657 
a  Lutheran  clergyman,  the  Rev.  John  Ernest  Gutwasser,  sent  secretly  by 
the  Lutheran  Church  of  Amsterdam,  arrived.  Gutwasser  was  cited  before 
the  authorities,  hampered  in  his  movements  and  finally  ordered  to  return 
to  Holland,  which  order  he  evaded  for  a  while.  The  Company  approved 
of  his  dismissal,  "though  it  might  have  been  done  in  a  more  gentle  way." 

The  opposition  of  Stuyvesant  to  conventicles,  while  it  found  its  most 
illustrious  prey  among  the  Lutherans,  was  not  chiefly  directed  against  them 
but  against  lesser  sectaries  who  flourished  chiefly  on  Long  Island.  Of  that 
region  Megapolensis  wrote  in  1657,  "They  have  become  imbued  with  divers 
opinions  and  it  is  with  them  'quot  homines  tot  sententiae.'  " 

Stuyvesant's  unwise  zeal  for  orthodoxy  led  him  to  issue  various  edicts 
against  the  heretics.  In  this  he  was  in  general  supported  by  the  Dutch 
ministers  with  the  exception  of  Polhemius  who  boldly  declared  that  efforts 
to  compel  the  conscience  "were  displeasing  to  God." 

In  the  eyes  of  the  Director  General  the  Quakers  were  the  leading  offend- 
ers and  under  his  orders  several  of  them  suffered  severely  in  body  and 
estate.  But  as  usual  persecution  did  not  accomplish  its  object,  and  Mega- 
polensis was  compelled  to  admit,  (Sept.  24,  1658)  "The  raving  Quakers 
have  not  settled  down,  but  continue  to  disturb  the  peace  of  the  province  by 
their  wanderings  and  outcries.  For  although  our  government  has  issued 
orders  against  the  fanatics,  nevertheless  they  do  not  fail  to  pour  forth 
their  venom." 

In  those  days  the  West  India  Company  was  seeking  to  secure  settlers 
for  Long  Island,  but  found  that  Stuyvesant's  bigotry  was  hindering  the 
growth  of  population.  After  another  outburst  of  persecution,  the  Company 
lost  patience  with  their  zealous  Director  and  wrote  to  him  warning  him 
against  the  course  he  was  pursuing.  In  conclusion  they  said :  "You  may 
therefore  shut  your  eyes,  at  least  not  force  people's  consciences,  but  allow 
every  one  to  have  his  own  belief,  as  long  as  he  behaves  quietly  and  legally, 


^Megapolensis  sent  a  copy  of  this  paper  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam, 
which  was  recovered  by  Mr.  Brodhead  in  1841,  and  is  now  in  the  Archives 
of  General  Synod  (1921),  but  in  a  perishing  condition.  It  is  written  in 
the  peculiar  chirography  of  the  17th  century,  in  Latin,  and  the  words  are 
much  abbreviated.  It  seemed  at  first  impossible  to  decipher  and  trans- 
late it,  but  this  was  done  by  Prof.  Louis  Bevier,  of  Rutgers  College. 
We  have  it  now,  printed  in  Latin  and  English  by  authority  of  the  Col- 
legiate Church  of  N.  Y. 


FULLY    ESTABLISHED    UNDER   THE    WEST    INDIA    COMPANY       I9 

gives  no  offence  to  his  neighbors  and  does  not  oppose  the  government. 
As  the  government  of  this  city  (Amsterdam)  has  always  practised  this 
maxim  of  moderation,  and  consequently  has  often  had  a  considerable  influx 
of  people,  we  do  not  doubt  that  your  province  too  would  benefit  by  it." 

This  reproof  was  effectual.  Persecution  ceased  in  New  Netherland.  When 
some  of  those  whom  Stuyvesant  had  wronged  later  met  him  on  the  street 
"he  seemed  ashamed  of  what  he  had  done." 

The  people  of  the  Dutch  Church  on  Manhattan  were  also  much  annoyed 
by  the  Jews,  who  began  to  appear  in  the  city  in  1654.  Many  of  them  were 
poor  and  appealed  to  Megapolensis  for  assistance.  The  deacons  of  the 
Church  were  compelled  to  spend  several  hundred  guilders  in  aiding  them 
and  loud  were  the  complaints  thereat.  They  were  unpopular  neighbors. 
Of  them  Megapolensis  said,  "These  people  have  no  other  God  than  the 
unrighteous  Mammon,  and  no  other  aim  but  to  get  possession  of  Christian 
property,  and  to  surpass  all  other  merchants  by  drawing  all  trade  unto 
themselves." 

Their  political  and  social  rights  were  curtailed  for  a  time  but  the  West 
India  Company  had  many  Jewish  stockholders  and  when  the  facts  became 
known  they  rebuked  Stuyvesant  for  his  attitude  and  required  that  Jewish 
privileges   be   restored. 

The  story  of  the  relation  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  of  New  Nether- 
land to  other  religious  bodies,  is  one  of  the  darker  pages  of  her  history. 
Yet  it  must  be  remembered  that  cases  of  persecution  were  exceptional, 
and  Stuyvesant,  supported  by  the  ministers,  especially  Megapolensis,  was 
chiefly  to  blame.  These  deeds  of  oppression  were  contrary  to  Dutch  policy, 
and  condemned  by  public  opinion.  If  the  Director  had  been  a  constitutional 
ruler  they  could  not  have  occurred.  The  people  of  New  Netherland  were 
therefore  not  as  responsible  for  them  as  were  the  people  of  New  England 
for  like  persecutions  in  the  same  era.  Clouds  of  bigotry  floated  around 
the  head  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,  but  the  dawn  was  breaking 
and  her  face  was  toward  the  light. 

More  than  fifty  years  had  passed  since  that  autumn  day  in  1609  when  the 
waters  of  the  "Great  River  of  the  Mountains"  first  lapped  around  the 
prow  of  a  Dutch  ship.  During  this  period  the  American  coast  had  awakened 
from  its  sleep  of  ages. 

In  New  England  the  primeval  wilderness  had  become  the  abode  of 
civilized  men  of  English  descent.  Upon  the  south  the  little  company  of 
half  starved  adventurers  had  become  a  prosperous  British  colony.  Be- 
tween these  in  the  best  part  of  the  land  lay  New  Netherland,  a  Dutch 
alien,  separating  English  brethren.  Thus  the  geographical  situation  of  the 
Dutch  province  boded  ill  for  the  future. 

Political  conditions  were  also  favorable  for  a  conquest  by  the  English. 
The  Dutch  West  India  Company  was  merely  a  money  making  organiza- 
tion. It  had  never  taken  a  proper  interest  in  the  colony,  from  which  less 
dividends  could  be  abstracted  than  from  semi-piracy  upon  the  Spanish 
Main.  New  Netherland  was  therefore  neglected  and  there  was  in  it  little 
patriotism  or  public  spirit. 


20  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

It  is  not  surprising  therefore  that  the  British  Government  was  seeking 
pretexts  for  conquest  and  that  the  colony  itself  was  ill  prepared  to  with- 
stand attack. 

Altho  warnings  were  not  lacking  the  people  of  New  Netherland  went 
their  self-interested  ways  unmindful  of  the  political  change  which  was 
about  to  occur. 

The  last  ordinance  of  New  Netherland  on  the  subject  of  religion  was 
passed  in  March,  1664.  This  provided  that  the  children  of  the  schools 
should  under  the  care  of  their  masters,  attend  divine  service  on  Wednes- 
day mornings.  After  the  sermon  they  were  to  receive  public  instruction 
in  the  catechism.  They  were  then  to  be  dismissed  for  that  day  "and  allowed 
a  decent  recreation." 

On  a  bright  day  in  August,  1664,  four  English  frigates,  their  black  sides 
shining  in  the  sun,  their  ports  bristling  with  canon,  their  decks  crowded 
with  about  a  thousand  soldiers,  appeared  ofif  Coney  Island.  There  was 
great  consternation  on  Manhattan  and  a  messenger  was  hastily  sent  north- 
ward to  summon  the  Director  who  was  touring  in  the  upper  regions  of  his 
province.  Stuyvesant  hurried  homeward,  collecting  such  soldiers  and 
militiamen  as  he  could.  His  entire  force  was  less  than  half  the  English 
and  his  gun  power  was  only  about  one-sixth.  Beside  this  he  was  in- 
sufficiently supplied  with  powder. 

On  the  4th  of  September,  1664,  the  fleet  came  up  the  bay  and  anchored 
oflF  the  island  with  their  guns  trained  on  the  fort.  The  English  commander, 
Nicolls,  then  sent  a  message  demanding  the  surrender  of  the  place. 

A  panic  arose  in  the  city  and  at  the  suggestion  of  Domine  Megapolensis 
a  petition  signed  by  many  of  the  chief  men  of  the  town  was  presented  to 
Stuyvesant  urging  him  to  surrender  without  bloodshed.  At  first  he  re- 
fused but  the  women  and  children  crowded  around  him  weeping  and  im- 
ploring him  to  save  their  lives.  Councilor  De  Sille  protested  against  re- 
sistance declaring  "Resistance  is  not  soldiership,  it  is  sheer  madness." 
The  two  domines  Megapolensis,  father  and  son,  were  standing  by.  The 
older  man  laid  his  hand  upon  the  Director's  heaving  shoulder  saying, 
"Of  what  avail  are  our  poor  guns  against  that  broadside  of  more  than 
sixty.  It  is  wrong  to  shed  blood  to  no  purpose."  "Well,  let  it  be  so," 
at  last  cried  Stuyvesant,  "I  would  rather  be  carried  to  my  grave."  In  a 
few  moments  a  white  flag  fluttered  over  Fort  Amsterdam  and  the  Dutch 
regime  in  America  was  ended. 
Dutch  Reformed  Ministers  in  New  Netherland,  1628-1664: 

Jonas  Johannis  Michaelius,  1628-1632.    Returned  to  Holland. 

Everardus  Wilhelmus  Bogardus,  1633-47.     Drowned  on  way  to  Holland. 

Johannes  Megapolensis,  1642-70.     Died  in  New  York. 

Johannes  Backerus,  1647-49.     Returned  to  Holland. 

[Wilhelmus  Grasmecr,  a  suspended  minister,  1651-2.  Returned  to  Hol- 
land.] 

Samuel  Drisius,  1652-73.    Died  in  New  York. 

Gideon  Schaats,  1652-94.    Died  in  Albany. 

Johannes  Theodorus  Polhemius,  1654-76.    Died  on  Long  Island. 


FULLY    ESTABLISHED    UNDER    THE    WEST    INDIA    COMPANY      21 

Casparus  Carpentier,  1657-84.    Died  in  Delaware. 
Everardus  Welius,  1657-59.     Died  in  Delaware. 
Michael  Zyperius   (Siperius),  1659-64.     Went  to  Virginia. 
Hermannus  Blom,  1660-67.     Returned  to  Holland. 
Henricus  Selyns,   1660-64.     Returned  to  Holland. 
^GiDius  LuYCK,  1662-75.    Teacher  of  Grammar  School. 
Warnerus  Hadson.     Died  on  passage  to  America  (1664). 
Samuel  Megapolensis,  1664-68.     Returned  to  Holland. 
Dutch  Reformed  Churches  in  New  Netherlands,  1628-1664. 
Manhattan  or  New  Amsterdam  (New  York),  1628. 
Fort  Orange,  Beverwyck,  or  Rensselaerwyck   (Albany),  1642. 
New  Amstel  (New  Castle),  Del.,  1654. 
Midwout  (Flatbush),  L.  I.,  1654. 
Amersfoort  (Flatlands),  L.  I.,  1654. 
Breuckelen   (Brooklyn),  L.  I.,  1654. 
Gravesend,  L.  I.,  1655. 
Esopus  (Kingston),  1659. 
Bergen,  N.  J.,  1660. 
Stuyvesant's  Bouwerie  (station),  1660. 
Haarlem,  1660. 
Bushwyck,  1661. 
Staten  Island   (station),  1661. 

AUTHORITIES  FOR  THE  FIRST  PERIOD. 

It  has  been  thought  best  in  general  not  to  burden  the  pages  of  this  work 
with  reference  to  the  authorities  for  particular  statements.  The  following 
is  a  list  of  original  documents  and  important  histories  upon  which  the 
narrative  of  the  First  Period  is  based. 

Asher,  G.  M.  Henry  Hudson,  the  Navigator,  the  original  documents  col- 
lected in  the  Hakluyt  Society  Publications,  London,  i860. 
Bayley,  J.  R.    A  Brief  Sketch  of  the  Early  History  of  the  Catholic  Church 

on  the  Island  of  New  York.    New  York,  1870. 
Brodhead,  J.  R.     History  of  the  State  of  New  York,  2  vols.     New  York, 

1853. 
Centennial  Discourses  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  in  America,  New 

York,  1877. 
Cort,  Cyrus.    Peter  Minuit  Memorial,  Dover,  Del.,  1895. 
Corwin,  E.  T.    American  Church  History  Series,  Vol.  VIII. 

The  Dutch  Reformed  Church  in  America,  New  York,  1895. 

Ecclesiastical  Records  of  the  State  of  New  York,  6  vols,  and  Index, 
Albany,  1901-1905.  The  main  authority  for  the  History  of  the  Re- 
formed Church  in  America  during  the  colonial  period. 

Manual  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,  4th  ed.  1902,  New  York. 
Demarest,  D.  D.     The  Reformed  Church  in  America,  New  York,  1889. 
De  Witt,  Thomas.    Historical  Discourse,  New  York,  1856. 
Dunshee,  H.  W.    History  of  the  School  of  the  Collegiate  Reformed  Dutch 

Church  in  the  City  of  New  York,  from  1633  to  1883,  New  York,  1883. 


22  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Eekhof,    A.      Bastiaen   Jansz    Krol,   krankenbezoeker,    kommies    en    kom- 

mandeur  van  Nieuw-Nederland,  s'Gravenhage  Martinus  Nyhoff,  1910. 

DeHervormde     Kerk     in     Noord-Amerika,     s'Gravenhage,     Martinus 
Nyhoff,  1913,  2  vols.,  Count  DeLoubat  Prize. 

DeNoord-Amerikaasche   predikant   Henricus    Selyns    in    de   gemeente 
Waverveen,     in :     Nederlandsch     Archief     voor     Kerkgeschiedenis, 
Nieuwe  Serie,  Deel  XII  (1916),  p.  97-157. 
Fiske,  John.     Dutch  and  Quaker  Colonies  in  America,  2  vols.,  New  York 

and  Boston,  1899. 
Griffis,  W.  E.    The  Story  of  New  Netherland,  New  York,  1909. 
Groot  Plakaet  Boek,  8  vols.,  Edicts  of  the  Dutch  Republic. 
Innes,  J.  H.    New  Amsterdam  and  its  People,  New  York,  1909. 
Kilpatrick,  W.  H.     The  Dutch  Schools  of  New  Netherland  and  Colonial 

New  York,  Washington,  1912. 
Lamb,  M.     History  of  New  York,  2  vols.,  New  York,  1877. 
Laws  and  Ordinances  of  New  Netherland,  1638-1674,  O'Callaghan,  Albany, 

1868. 
New  York,  Documentary  History  of  the   State  of,  O'Callaghan,  Albany, 

1849-1851,  4  vols. 
New  York,  Documenfs  Relative  to  the  Colonial  History  of  the  State  of, 

procured  in  Holland,  England  and  France  by  J.  R.  Brodhead,  ed.  by 

E.  B.  O'Callaghan,  Albany,  1856-1861,  10  vols. 
Records  of  New  Amsterdam,  1653-1674,  ed.  by  B.  Fernow,  New  York,  1897. 
Smith,  William.     History  of  the  Province  of  New  York  till  1742,  Albany, 

1814. 
Valentine,  D.  T.     History  of  the  City  of  New  York,  New  York,  1853. 

Manual  of  the  Corporation  of  the  City  of  New  York,   1841   to   1871, 
New  York,  28  vols. 
Van  Rensselaer-Bowier  Manuscripts,  Albany,   1906. 
Van  Rensselaer,  S.    History  of  the  City  of  New  York  in  the  Seventeenth 

Century,  2  vols..  New  York,   1909. 
Vos,  G.  J.     Arn.  Voor  den  Spiegel  der  Historic.    A.   M.   Stel's  Kerkelyk 

Leven  van  Deeerste  Zestig  Jaren  Der  Vrijheid,  Amsterdam,  1903. 
Year  Books  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  New  York  City,  1880-1921. 
Zwierlein,  F.  J.    Religion  in  New  Netherland,  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  1910 


SECOND  PERIOD 

THE  STRUGGLE  OF  THE  CHURCH  FOR  CIVIL  FREEDOM, 

1664-1708. 


CHAPTER  V. 

THE  FIRST  YEARS  OF  THE  CHURCH  UNDER  THE  ENGLISH 
GOVERNMENT,   1664-1674. 

The  report  of  the  conquest  of  New  Netherland  caused  great  excitement 
in  Holland  and  the  West  India  Company  sought  for  scapegoats  which 
they  could  blame  for  its  loss.  Director  General  Stuyvesant  who  ordered 
the  surrender  and  Domine  Johannes  Megapolensis,  who  urged  him  thereto, 
were  the  natural  victims.  Stuyvesant  after  many  efforts  and  long  delay 
obtained  a  grudging  exoneration  of  his  act  but  Domine  Megapolensis 
never  received  the  arrears  of  salary  which  the  Company  owed  him. 

After  a  period  of  war  peace  was  concluded  between  England  and  Hol- 
land by  the  Treaty  of  Breda  in  1667.  By  this  each  government  retained 
its  conquests  and  thus  New  Netherland  passed  forever  from  the  control 
of  the  West  India  Company. 

While  the  soldiers  and  diplomats  of  Europe  were  disputing  about  the 
conquest  of  New  Netherland,  in  America  the  change  of  government  was 
accepted  as  an  accomplished  fact.  The  Dutch  had  obtained  excellent  terms 
at  the  surrender,  and  although  the  Secret  Instructions  of  the  English  Com- 
mander Nicolls,  directed  him  to  seek  to  establish  Episcopacy,  the  privileges 
of  the  Dutch  Church  were  carefully  guarded. 

The  English  governor  and  his  council  were  to  be  the  executive  authority 
of  the  province,  now  called  New  York.  A  Court  of  Assizes  was  estab- 
lished, which  possessed  the  power  formerly  vested  in  the  Dutch  Director 
General.  The  civil  position  of  the  province  was  however  anomalous. 
It  was  a  sort  of  proprietary  government,  under  the  despotic  patent  of  the 
Duke  of  York.  The  conqueror  however  was  limited  by  the  terms  agreed 
upon  in  the  surrender.  These  terms  did  not  apply  to  the  English  towns  on 
Long  Island.  The  Dutch  therefore  possessed  special  privileges  which 
were  denied  to  their  English  neighbors. 

Governor  Nicolls  appointed  a  meeting  to  be  held  at  Hempstead,  L.  I., 
to  which  he  invited  the  several  towns  of  Long  Island  and  Westchester  to 
send  delegates,  but  no  delegates  were  summoned  from  the  Dutch  towns  of 

23 


24  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

New  York.  He  there  presented  a  code  of  laws,  compiled  largely  from  the 
New  En^Jand  codes,  "with  the  abatement  of  severity  against  such  as  differ 
in  matteis  of  conscience  and  religion." 

In  reference  to  church  rates  the  code  declared  that  "Each  inhabitant 
was  to  contribute  to  public  charges  in  church  and  state  according  to  his 
means."  No  Indian  was  to  be  suffered  to  "powow"  or  to  pay  outward 
worship  to  the  devil.  No  Protestant  denomination  was  specially  mentioned 
and  the  Angelican  Church  was  not  established.  The  Reformed  Dutch 
Church  by  the  articles  of  capitulation  retained  its  own  ecclesiastical  sys- 
tem. But  in  every  parish  a  church  was  required  to  be  built,  the  expense 
of  which  with  the  maintenance  of  the  minister,  was  to  be  provided  by  the 
church  wardens  appointed  yearly  by  the  overseers  and  constables.  No 
minister  was  to  officiate  but  such  as  could  produce  testimonials  to  the  Gov- 
ernor of  having  "received  ordination  either  from  some  Protestant  bishop 
or  minister  within  some  part  of  his  Majesty's  dominions  or  the  dominions 
of  any  foreign  prince  of  the  Reformed  Religion."  Thereupon  the  Gov- 
ernor was  to  induct  such  minister  "into  the  parish  that  shall  make  presenta- 
tion of  him  as  duly  elected  by  the  major  part  of  the  inhabitants,  being 
householders."  Each  minister  was  to  preach  every  Sunday  and  upon  other 
specified  occasions.  He  was  to  pray  for  the  King,  Queen,  Duke  of  York 
and  all  the  royal  family,  baptize  the  children  of  Christian  parents  and 
marry  persons  after  legal  publication  of  sufficient  license.  No  congrega- 
tion was  to  be  disturbed  during  divine  service ;  "nor  shall  any  person  be 
molested,  fined  or  imprisoned  for  differing  in  judgment  in  matters  of  re- 
ligion, who  professes  Christianity."  There  were  many  other  items  which 
do  not  belong  to  this  history. 

This  code,  known  as  the  "Duke's  Laws"  was  intended  ultimately  to  be- 
come the  legal  system  of  the  whole  province  but  Nicolls  prudently  ab- 
stained from  enforcing  it  among  the  Dutch.  It  was  at  first  applied  only 
to  Long  Island  and  Staten  Island.  In  1673  it  was  extended  to  Esopus  and 
after  the  reconquest  by  the  English  in  1675  to  the  entire  province. 

The  first  two  English  Governors,  Richard  Nicolls  (1664-1668)  and 
Francis  Lovelace  (1668-1673)  were  upright  and  courteous  and  enjoyed 
great  popularity.  Therefore  the  seed  of  tyranny,  contained  in  the  English 
system  were  not  perceived  and  in  after  times  this  period  was  considered 
something  of  a  golden  age.  But  the  gold  was  not  without  alloy.  "Abomin- 
ations and  scandalous  sins  were  daily  committed  and  remained  unpunished." 
Swearing,  intemperance  and  impiety  were  common. 

In  1667  the  superstitious  were  frightened  by  a  comet,  of  which  Domine 
Samuel  Megapolensis  wrote,  "Last  year  we  saw  a  terrible  comet  in  the 
west  a  little  above  the  horizon,  with  the  tail  upward  and  hanging  over 
this  place.  It  showed  itself  for  about  eight  days  and  then  disappeared. 
So  we  fear  God's  judgments  but  supplicate  his  favor." 

Following  this  omen  there  were  rumors  of  an  Indian  uprising,  much 
sickness  and  many  deaths,  so  that  the  Governor  appointed  Sept.  8th,  1668, 
as  a  special  day  of  humiliation  and  prayer. 

Although  the   Dutch   Church   had   obtained   excellent  terms   at   the   sur- 


CHURCH    UNDER    THE    ENGLISH    GOVERNMENT,     1664-I674      2$ 

render,  she  was  adversely  affected  by  the  change  of  government.  Dutch 
immigration  ceased  and  her  growth  was  suddenly  checked.  The  relation 
to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  was  modified  by  the  political  change,  but  the 
exact  status  was  not  defined.  The  State  Church  of  Holland  could  not 
enforce  its  decisions  upon  the  subjects  of  another  nation.  Indeed  in 
1669  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  declined  to  consider  a  case  of  discipline 
presented  by  the  Church  of  New  York,  because  they  had  no  jurisdiction. 
The  members  of  the  Dutch  Church  were  now  naturalized  Englishmen, 
but  they  were  not  members  of  the  Church  of  England.  But  they  could  not, 
under  the  terms  of  the  surrender,  be  classed  as  dissenters.  The  position 
was  peculiar  and  liable  to  give  rise  to  unexpected  complications. 

The  Dutch  ministers  were  conciliatory  to  their  English  masters.  Thus 
in  October,  1664,  Domines  Megapoknsis  and  Drisius  granted  the  use  of 
the  Church  in  the  Fort  to  the  chaplain  of  the  English  troops  every  Sab- 
bath after  the  Dutch  service.  A  little  later  the  French  Huguenots  were 
allowed  to  use  the  building  for  their  worship  when  not  otherwise  engaged. 
Thus  for  twenty  years  that  somber  structure,  called  after  the  name  of  the 
ancient  patron  saint  of  Holland,  St.  Nicholas,  heard  the  Gospel  weekly  in 
three  languages,  first  Dutch,  then  English  and  then  French.' 

The  English  officials  were  also  conciliatory.  They  attempted  to  fulfill 
the  terms  of  the  surrender  and  they  granted  special  tax  exemptions  to  the 
Dutch  pastors.  But  the  domines  found  that  under  the  English  rule  their 
labors  were  increasing  and  their  difficulties  multiplying.  The  chief  trouble 
was  financial.  With  the  English  conquest  the  support  of  the  West  India 
Company  ceased.  The  church  members  had  not  been  trained  to  give  and 
contributions  were  small  and  irregular.  Church  property  suffered  and  the 
ministers'  salaries  fell  into  arrears.  On  Manhattan  Island  the  City  authori- 
ties made  some  provision  for  the  support  of  the  church  but  with  inadequate 
results.  Domine  Samuel  Megapolensis  said  of  the  method  for  collecting 
pastors'  salaries  :  "The  manner  also  in  which  the  above  mentioned  sum  is 
collected  is  unpleasant  and  degrading  and  altogether  unusual  in  our  Dutch 
nation.  They  go  around  from  house  to  house  to  collect  the  salary,  and  you 
may  imagine  the  slights  and  murmurings  occasioned  thereby  concerning  the 
ministry  and  the  ministers." 

Shortly  after  Domine  Samuel  Megapolensis  returned  to  Holland  but  his 
father  and  Domine  Drisius  continued  their  labors  in  poverty  and  amid 
great  discouragements.  On  Long  Island  Domine  Polhemius,  although 
aged,  kept  on  with  his  labors.  Schaats  of  Albany  found  it  almost  im- 
possible to  live  upon  his  meager  salary  and  thought  of  returning  to  Hol- 
land, while  Blom  of  Kingston  forsook  his  field  and  did  so. 

In  the  winter  of  1670  the  already  depleted  ranks  of  the  Dutch  ministry 
were  still  further  reduced  by  the  death  of  Domine  Johannes  Megapolensis. 
There  were  left  only  three  ministers  to  care  for  ten  thousand  souls,  and  of 
these  Domine  Drisius  was  practically  disabled  by  age  and  loss  of  memory. 
For  a  time  Domine  Polhemius  extended  his  labors  from  Long  Island  to 


'Chaplains  to  the  English  force.s:  1664-78,  unknown;  Rev.  Chas.  Wol- 
lev,  1678-80;  Rev.  John  Gordon,  1683-84;  Rev.  Josias  Clarke,  1684-86; 
Rex.  Alex.  Innes,   1686-90;    Rev.  John  Miller,   1692-95. 


26  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Manhattan  and  the  schoohnaster  aided  with  the  services.  Aegidius  Luyck, 
the  Latin  teacher,  whose  request  to  be  ordained  in  America  (1667)  had 
been   denied  also  preached   occasionally. 

The  woful  need  of  the  Reformed  Churches  in  America  aroused  the 
Consistory  of  New  York  to  action.  They  obtained  from  the  city  authorities 
promise  of  aid  for  a  minister's  salary  and  then  they  wrote  to  the  Classis 
of  Amsterdam,  telling  of  their  weakened  condition  and  asking  that  a 
minister  might  be  sent  them. 

The  Classis  chose  William  Van  Nieuwenhuysen,  ordained  him  and  sent 
him  to  America  in  1671.  He  served  quietly  and  with  success.  Under  his 
ministry  the  Church  at  Harlem  drew  into  closer  relation  with  the  Church 
of  New  York  and  was  allowed  a  representative  in  the  New  York  Con- 
sistory. 

In  the  mean  time  war  had  again  broken  out  in  Europe.  England  and 
France  joined  their  forces  against  Holland  in  an  efifort  to  partition  that 
country  between  them.  The  Dutch  commander,  Cornells  Evertsen,  cruis- 
ing in  the  West  Indies  determined  to  reconquer  New  York.  Having 
augmented  his  forces  he  sailed  northward  and  meeting  with  slight  re- 
sistance, on  August  9th,  1673,  (N.  S.)  the  Dutch  flag  again  waved  over 
Manhattan.  The  West  India  Company  had  nothing  to  do  with  this  con- 
quest, and  the  province  now  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  States  General.^ 

British  sovereignty  was  annihilated  and  Anthony  Colve  was  appointed 
Governor  General  over  the  whole  territory.  The  Reformed  Dutch  Church 
was  again  established,  and  the  new  magistrates  were  required  to  be  of  the 
Reformed  Religion  and  among  other  duties  were  sworn  to  maintain  "the 
upright  and  true  Christian  Religion  agreeably  to  the  Word  of  God  and  the 
order  of  the  Synod  of  Dort.  Provisional  Instructions  required  the  magis- 
trates to  "take  care  that  the  Reformed  Christian  Religion  be  maintained 
in  comformity  to  the  Synod  of  Dortrecht,  without  permitting  any  other 
sects  attempting  anything  contrary  thereto."  Other  religious  bodies  were 
tolerated  however. 

Laws  for  the  better  observance  of  the  Sabbath  were  enacted,  and  fines 
for  certain  ofifences  were  given  for  the  support  of  the  Reformed  Church. 

Fond  hopes  of  the  establishment  of  a  great  Dutch  State  were  excited. 
The  colony  had  languished  under  the  control  of  the  West  India  Com- 
pany, but  better  things  were  expected  under  the  genial  rule  of  the  States 
General.  With  such  thoughts  in  mind  Governor  Colve  issued  a  proclama- 
tion that  as  the  province  was  now  blessed  with  "the  free  and  pure  worship 
of  God"  and  other  mercies,  the  first  Wednesday  of  each  month  should 
be  observed  as  a  day  of  fasting,  humiliation  and  thanksgiving,  on  which 


^With  the  conquest  of  the  Eng-lish  the  so-called  New  Style  of  reckon- 
ing time  was  changed  to  the  Old  Style.  The  New  Style  was  ordered  by 
Pope  Gregory  XIII  in  October,  1582,  and  adopted  in  all  the  countries 
on  the  continent  of  Europe  except  Russia.  But  it  was  not  adopted  in 
England.  Hence  in  New  Netherland  the  New  Style  was  used  but  by  the 
conquest  of  the  English  the  Old  Style  was  adopted.  The  change  to  the 
New  Style  was  made  by  the  English  in  1752.  That  year  was  made  to 
begin  on  January  1st,  and  on  September  3  following,  the  Old  Style  ended, 
the   next   day  being  September  14th. 

Hence  in  New  York  between  1664  and  1752  there  is  double  dating  in 
the  correspondence.     The  Old  Style  year  began  March  25. 


CHURCH    UNDER    THE    ENGLISH    GOVERNMENT,     1664-1674      27 

all  labor,  gaming  and  excess  of  drinking  was  strictly  prohibited  under 
penalty  of  corporal  punishment.  Doubtless  the  three  Dutch  ministers  of  the 
p'rovince,  Schaats,  Polhemius  and  Van  Nieuwenhuysen  observed  these 
monthly  days  with  gratitude  for  they  were  pleased  with  the  return  of  the 
colony  to  the  care  of  the  Fatherland. 

But  the  war  ended  in  Europe  and  by  the  treaty  of  Westminster,  Feb. 
9-13,  1674,  New  Netherland  was  restored  to  England.^ 

Since  the  States  General  ceded  New  Netherland  directly  to  the  King 
of  England  the  title  of  the  Duke  of  York  was  extinguished.  The  King 
thereupon  gave  a  new  patent  to  the  Duke.  Thus  James,  the  Duke  of  York 
became  again  the  proprietor  of  a  vast  province  in  America.  This  was  his 
by  delegated  right  until  it  was  merged  in  the  possessions  of  the  Crown 
upon  his  accession  to  the  throne. 

James  appointed  as  his  Governor  Major  Edmund  Andros.  Andros  was 
a  liberal  Episcopalian.  He  was  directed  to  satisfy  the  people  that  he  came 
for  their  protection  and  benefit. 

When  the  treaty  of  Westminster  was  proclaimed  at  the  City  Hall  of  New 
Orange  (New  York)  there  was  great  indignation  and  some  confusion  in 
the  province,  but  order  was  enforced  by  severe  measures. 

The  Dutch  Church  feared  that  she  might  be  oppressed  under  the  re- 
stored English  rule.  She  therefore  obtained  from  Director  Colve  a 
reconformation  of  her  rights  according  to  the  original  articles  of  sur- 
render. 

On  Nov.  I  (N.  S.),  1674,  Andros  notified  Colve  that  he  was  ready  to 
receive  the  government.  A  cotnmittee  was  appointed  to  meet  him  and  to 
request  certain  privileges.  Andros  satisfied  them  of  his  intention  to  respect 
their  liberties  and  among  other  things  declared  that  the  usual  discipline 
of  the  Dutch  Church  should  be  continued  and  that  the  Church  on  Man- 
hattan could  keep  their  building  in  the  Fort.  On  Nov.  10,  1674,  (N.  S.) 
Andros  took  possession  of  New  York.  For  the  second  time  the  red  flag 
of  England  waved  over  the  sparkling  waters  of  the  bay,  no  more  to  be 
lowered  until  more  than  a  century  later,  it  was  to  give  place  to  the  stars 
and  stripes. 

But  although  the  Dutch  rule  departed  forever  from  the  country,  the 
influence  of  Dutch  custom  and  thought  remained.  They  left  a  permanent 
impress  upon  the  laws  and  civilization  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey. 
Dutch  jurisprudence,  founded  on  Roman  Law,  was  superior  to  the  con- 
temporary feudal  law  introduced  by  England.  Hence  the  laws  of  those 
states  were  always  more  enlightened  and  humane  than  those  of  the  other 
colonies  coming  directly  from  England — a  direct  result  of  the  earlier  Dutch 
institutions. 


'In  this  same  year  the  old  West  India  Company  was  finally  dissolved. 
In  1675  a  new  company  was  formed  on  a  much  reduced  basis,  and  which 
continued  in  existence  until  1800,  when,  with  the  destruction  of  the 
Dutch  Republic  by  the  French  Revolution,  both  the  East  and  West  India 
-companies  were  swept  out  of  existence. 


CHAPTER  VI. 
THE  CHURCH  BEGINS  ITS  STRUGGLE  FOR  FREEDOM,  1674-1688. 

At  the  time  when  the  colony  on  the  Hudson  finally  passed  under  English 
authority,  it  had  been  inhabited  by  white  men  for  about  fifty  years.  Vil- 
lages were  multiplying  and  bridle  paths  or  rude  cart  tracks  united  the 
hamlets  with  each  other.  There  was  no  lack  of  food,  as  in  the  early 
days,  and  the  people  lived  in  rude  profusion. 

The  town  on  Manhattan,  which  with  Andros'  arrival  finally  assumed 
the  name  of  New  York,  was  a  compact  little  city.  Business  was  prosperous 
and  of  the  city  and  its  society  at  this  time,  the  Rev.  Charles  Wolley, 
chaplain  to  Governor  Andros,  said :  "The  city  was  a  place  of  as  sweet  and 
agreeable  air  as  ever  I  breathed  in,  and  the  inhabitants,  both  English  and 
Dutch,  very  civil  and  courteous,  as  I  may  speak  from  experience,  among 
whom  I  have  often  wished  myself  and  family,  to  whose  tables  I  was 
frequently  invited,  and  always  concluded  with  a  gentle  bottle  of  Madeira." 

Such  was  the  province  and  town  of  which  the  English  obtained  final 
possession  in  1674.  The  English  Governors  were  destined  to  grow  con- 
tinually more  arbitrary,  and  under  their  rule  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church, 
was  to  advance  toward  its  goal  of  civil  and  ecclesiastical  freedom.  The 
struggle  for  civil  freedom  developed  earlier  than  the  struggle  for  ec- 
clesiastical freedom.  But  both  had  their  origin  under  the  first  Governor 
of   the   restored   British   authority. 

Governor  Andros'  Instructions  on  the  subject  of  religion  said: 

"You  shall  permit  all  persons  of  whatsoever  religion  quietly  to  inhabit 
within  the  precincts  of  your  jurisdiction  without  giving  them  any  dis- 
turbance or  disquiet  what  soever  for  or  by  reason  of  their  differing 
opinions  in  matters  of  religion.  Provided  they  give  no  disturbance  to  ye 
publick  peace,  nor  doe  molest  or  disquiet  others  in  ye  free  exercise  of  their 
Religion." 

This  sounded  well  but  the  sequel  proved  that  no  faith  could  be  placed 
in  the  fair  words  of  Charles  or  James. 

On  Nov.  9,  1674,  Andros  issued  a  proclamation  confirming  rights  and 
property  and  re-establishing  the  Duke's  Laws. 

Almost  at  once  trouble  arose  over  the  acceptance  of  the  civil  oath  of 
allegiance  to  Great  Britain  which  was  followed  by  improper  interference 
in  Dutch  ecclesiastical  matters.  The  Duke's  Laws  required  each  village  to 
erect  a  church  and  support  a  minister.  In  Great  Britain  within  Church  of 
England  circles,  it  was  supposed  that  the  Governor  would  exercise  gen- 
eral oversight  over  the  religious  affairs  of  each  parish.  If  a  living  were 
vacant  they  expected  him  to  reserve  the  revenue  for  the  next  incumbent, 

28 


THE    CHURCH    BEGINS   ITS    STRUGGLE   FOR   FREEDOM  29 

and  induct  a  clergyman,  preferably  an  Anglican,  into  the  office  as  soon  as 
possible. 

In  reality  the  scattered  villages  were  composed  of  people  of  many  dif- 
ferent sects  and  most  of  the  churches  stood  vacant.  Some  times  churches 
asked  the  Governor  to  aid  them  in  securing  a  pastor  but  this  he  was 
frequently  unable  to  do.  There  were  no  Anglican  ministers  in  the  province 
except  the  Governor's  chaplain,  who,  by  special  permission  of  the  Dutch 
Consistory,  used  the  Reformed  Church  in  the  fort  for  his  worship,  after 
the  Dutch  had  concluded  their  service  for  the  day. 

The  few  Independents,  Presbyterians  and  other  ministers  of  the  colony 
were  supported  by  voluntary  contributions,  and  were  often  careless  in  the 
performance  of  their  duties.  Quakers  and  other  dissenters  were  active 
and  noisy. 

Among  the  Dutch  churches  conditions  were  in  general  more  favorable, 
but  at  best  they  were  inadequately  manned  and  insufficiently  supported. 
Under  these  circumstances  the  time  was  opportune  for  the  encroachment 
of  the  civil  power  upon  the  rights  of  the  Dutch  Church. 

Rev.  Nichols  Van  Rensselaer,  son  of  the  Patroon  Van  Rensselaer,  had 
been  licensed  in  Holland,  but  ordained  a  deacon  by  the  Bishop  of  Salis- 
bury in  England.     He  was  therefore  an  Episcopal  Dutchman. 

He  failed  to  obtain  a  grant  of  his  father's  manor  but  was  successful  in 
obtaining  the  promise  of  a  "living"  in  one  of  the  churches  of  America. 

Andros  desired  to  find  him  a  place,  and  chose  Albany  as  the  field  of  his 
operations.  But  the  Consistory  of  the  Dutch  Church  in  Albany  resisted 
the  attempt  to  make  Van  Rensselaer  the  colleague  of  Domine  Schaats,  even 
though  the  candidate  was  their  former  Patroon's  son.  Domine  Van 
Nieuwenhuysen  made  the  journey  to  the  north  to  aid  in  this  resistance 
and  Van  Rensselaer  failed  in  his  efforts. 

Later  he  attempted  to  baptize  children  in  the  Dutch  Church  of  New 
York  and  was  stoutly  resisted  by  Van  Nieuwenhuysen  and  his  Consistory. 
They  faced  the  wrath  of  the  Governor  and  were  successful  in  their  at- 
titude. Van  Rensselaer  finally  promised  to  submit  himself  to  the  Classis 
of  Amsterdam  and  was  permitted  to  exercise  his  functions  in  Albany 
but  was  soon  removed  by  the  Governor  on  account  of  his  scandalous  life. 
He  died  in  1680. 

This  was  the  first  of  several  efiforts  of  the  English  authorities  to  en- 
croach upon  the  liberties  of  the  Dutch  Church.  Thanks  to  the  wise 
courage  of  the  valiant  Van  Nieuwenhuysen,  the  Church  was  victorious 
at  this  time. 

Shortly  after  this,  another  event  occurred,  prophetic  of  the  distant  day 
when  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  in  America  would  attain  ecclesiastical 
independence.  There  were  in  the  province  more  than  a  dozen  widely 
scattered  Dutch  Reformed  Churches,  most  of  them  sadly  in  need  of 
ministers. 

In  1675  a  licensed  bachelor  of  divinity  of  Utrecht,  Peter  Tesschcnmacher. 
served  the  church  of  Kingston  for  a  few  months.  The  next  year  that 
church  petitioned  Governor  Andros  to  find  them  a  minister,  evidently  in- 


30  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

tending  that  he  should  devise  some  way  for  the  ordination  of  Tesschen- 
macher.  But  the  Governor,  probably  remembering  his  discomfiture  in  the 
Van  Rensselaer  case,  did  not  respond.  For  some  time  Tesschenmacher 
labored  in  other  fields,  and  in  September,  1679,  the  people  of  New  Castle,. 
Del.,  called  him  to  be  their  minister. 

To  save  delay,  difficulty  and  expense  of  a  trip  to  Holland,  the  delegates 
of  this  church  asked  the  provincial  Dutch  clergymen  to  form  themselves 
into  a  classis  and  ordain  the  candidate.  Andros  seconded  the  petition. 
Accordingly  the  Dutch  clergymen,  Van  Nieuwenhuysen  of  New  York, 
Schaats  of  Albany,  Van  Zuuren  of  Long  Island  and  Van  Gaasbeeck  of 
Kingston,  met  at  the  house  of  Domine  Van  Nieuwenhuysen  at  New  York, 
Oct.  9,  1679,  examined  and  ordained  Tesschenmacher.  They  then  wrote 
an  account  of  their  act  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  which  wisely  approved 
their  course. 

This  temporary  classis  was  the  first  formal  ecclesiastical  body  among 
the  Dutch  in  America.  Two  generations  later  the  struggle  over  American 
Dutch  ordinations  became  long  and  fierce.  It  would  have  been  well  at 
that  time  if  the  classis  in  Holland  and  the  ministers  in  America  had  pos- 
sessed the  wisdom  displayed  by  Van  Nieuwenhuysen  and  his  co-laborers. 

At  about  this  time  the  peace  of  the  Reformed  churches  was  somewhat 
broken  by  the  teachings  of  the  Labadists.  This  sect  received  its  name  from 
Jean  de  Labadie,  a  French  enthusiast,  who  held  the  doctrines  of  the  Re- 
formed Church  but  adopted  other  opinions  and  practices,  regarded  by  them 
as  fanatical. 

In  1674  the  acts  of  the  State  and  Church  in  Holland  were  entered  upon 
the  records  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  of  New  York,  for  guidance 
in  dealing  with  these  fanatics. 

Two  of  the  leading  men  of  this  sect  visited  America  in  1679.  They 
travelled  about  the  country  preaching  and  looking  for  a  place  for  settle- 
ment. They  did  not  honor  the  Reformed  Church  by  regular  attendance,, 
but  they  were  free  in  their  criticisms  of  it  and  of  its  pastors. 

But  although  the  Labadists  spoke  slightingly  of  Dutch  Church  piety,, 
the  Dutch  churches  of  the  colony,  were  the  great  benevolent  agents  of  the 
time.  They  took  care  of  their  own  poor,  and  frequently  those  of  other 
communions.  They  also  responded  nobly  to  appeals  for  the  aid  of  per- 
sons captured  by  pirates  and  other  enemies.  It  was  before  the  day  of 
organized  missionary  activity  but  the  Dutch  domines  carefully  catechized 
the  negro  slaves  of  their  congregation.  The  old  church  records  show  that 
the  negroes  were  formally  married  and  that  they  brought  their  children 
for  baptism.  Many  of  them  became  faithful  members  of  the  church. 
The  more  spiritual  pastors  also  took  an  interest  in  the  Indians  but  the 
efforts  for  them  were  less  than  for  the  negroes  and  the  results  were 
meager. 

Immediately  after  the  arrival  of  Governor  Andros  in  1674,  the  people 
had  expressed  their  desire  for  a  General  Assemblv  composed  of  representa- 
tives of  the  people,  but  the  Duke  opposed  it.  At  last,  under  the  influence 
of   his   good   angel,   William   Penn,   James   granted   the   request.      He   ac- 


THE    CHURCH    BEGINS    ITS    STRUGGLE    FOR    FREEDOM  3I 

cordingly  appointed  Colonel  Thomas  Dongan  Governor  of  New  York. 
Dongan  was  an  Irish  Catholic,  enterprising,  active  and  mercenary  but  a 
man  of  honesty  and  good  judgment.  He  arrived  in  New  York,  August 
25,  1683,  accompanied  by  several  Roman  Catholic  families  and  a  Jesuit 
priest,  Thomas  Harvey.  The  new  Governor  with  keen  observation  noted 
the  peculiarities  of  the  diverse  population  over  which  he  was  to  rule.  He 
remarked:  "Here  bee  not  many  of  the  Church  of  England;  few  Roman 
Catholicks,  abundance  of  Quakers,  preachers  men  and  Women,  Singing 
Quakers,  Ranting  Quakers,  Sabbatarians,  Anti-sabbatarians ;  Some  Ana- 
baptists, some  Independents,  some  Jews;  in  short  of  all  sorts  of  opinions 
there  are  some,  and  the  most  part  of  none  at  all." 

Dongan's  Instructions  were  unusually  liberal.  The  Duke  retained  the 
right  to  appoint  the  Governor  and  Council,  but  the  people  were  to  have 
their  wish  in  electing  a  popular  Assembly,  with  the  power  of  taxation.  No 
reference  was  made  to  religion,  but  the  care  of  public  morals  was  em- 
phasized. 

The  new  legislative  Assembly,  consisting  of  eighteen  members,  of  whom 
more  than  two-thirds  were  Dutchmen,  met  in  the  fort,  October  17,  1683. 
The  first  and  most  important  of  the  bills  passed  by  them,  was  "The  Charter 
of  Liberties  and  Privileges."  This  gave  entire  freedom  to  all  religious 
persuasions  in  New  York  as  privileged  churches,  and  added,  "That  all 
other  Christian  Churches  that  shall  hereafter  come  and  settle  within  this 
province  shall  have  the  same  privilege."  This  last  clause  was  evidently 
intended  for  the  benefit  of  the  RCman  Catholics,  the  co-religionists  of  the 
Duke  of  York.     This  charter  was  sent  to  England  for  approval. 

The  people  did  not  enjoy  the  prospect  of  their  new  liberty  for  fear  that 
they  were  to  lose^  it.  Thoughtful  men  perceived  that  the  Duke  of  York, 
in  spite  of  professed  liberality,  was  no  friend  to  freedom,  either  in  Church 
or  State.  Such  feelings  appear  in  the  annual  thanksgiving  proclamation 
of  the  Dutch  Church  on  Manhattan  for  the  first  Sunday  of  1685.  Allusion 
was  made  to  the  preservation  of  the  Church  "in  pure  religion  and  freedom 
of  conscience."  It  spoke  of  the  dark  clouds  "whose  contents  may  come 
down  today  or  tomorrow  or  the  day  after  to  our  general  loss  and  grief." 

Before  the  Duke  had  signed  the  charter  Charles  II  died  and  the  Duke 
ascended  the  throne  as  James  II.  After  he  became  king  ulterior  motives 
which  led  him  to  feign  liberality  no  longer  controlled  him,  and  he  at  once 
began  to  reveal  his  despotic  disposition.  He  refused  to  sign  the  charter 
and  gave  orders  for  the  final  dissolution  of  the  Assembly. 

Governor  Dongan  dreaded  to  proclaim  the  order,  but  after  some  delay, 
on  January  20,  1687,  it  was  announced  that  the  people  were  to  have  no 
voice  in  their  own  government — a  fatal  decision,  the  sure  precursor  of 
revolution. 

The  profound  .displeasure  of  the  people  was  increased  upon  learning 
that  they  were  to  be  annexed  to  New  England.  The  popular  Governor 
Dongan  was  retired  and  the  former  Governor  Edmund  Andros  assumed 
the  government  of  all  the  northern  colonies.  His  commission  said  nothing 
of  religion  but  his  instruction  allowed  liberty  of  conscience.     No  printing 


3^  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA 

press  was  allowed.  He  tarried  for  a  time  in  New  York,  but  in  October, 
1688,  he  removed  to  Boston,  resolved  to  make  that  city  his  capital.  He 
left  Lieutenant  Governor  Francis  Nicholson  in  charge  in  New  York.  The 
angry  people  of  the  Dutch  colonies  felt  this  to  be  an  insult  to  their  local 
patriotism,  and  from  that  day  forth  seditious  and  revolutionary  doctrine 
smouldered  in  their  hearts. 

Early  in  these  stirring  times,  Domine  Van  Nieuwenhuysen  had  died 
(1681)  and  the  Consistory  of  New  York  sought  a  minister  in  Holland. 
After  much  effort  Domine  Henricus  Selyns,  who  had  served  in  Brooklyn, 
(1660-1664)  was  persuaded  to  return  to  America  and  take  charge  of  the 
congregation  on  Manhattan.  Domine  Selyns  remained  pastor  in  New 
York  until  his  death  (1682-1701). 

Selyns  was  a  man  of  unusual  ability,  a  good  preacher,  a  faithful  pastor, 
a  wise  administrator.  He  greatly  enlarged  the  activities  of  the  church  and 
secured  for  it  a  permanent  foundation.  He  was  also  of  a  Catholic  spirit 
and  showed  a  degree  of  liberality  rare  in  those  days.  He  was  on  terms  of 
friendship  with  the  heads  of  government  and  in  correspondence  with  dis- 
tinguished men  in  neighboring  colonies.  He  became  practically  a  bishop, 
having  general  charge  of  all  the  Dutch  Reformed  churches  in  New  York 
and  New  Jersey. 

From  the  first  days  of  the  colony  the  Walloons  had  fraternized  with 
the  Dutch.  In  1638  there  was  a  French  club  in  New  Amsterdam.  With 
more  rigorous  treatment  of  the  Huguenots  in  France,  the  French  immigra- 
tion to  America  increased.  Between  1650  and  1670  large  numbers  settled 
in  Ulster  County,  and  others  located  at  Harlem,  Long  Island,  Staten  Island 
and  elsewhere.  At  about  the  time  of  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of 
Nantes,  1685,  one-fourth  of  the  population  of  New  York  City  was  French. 
These  exiles  were  of  deep  piety,  of  wonderful  skill  and  industry.  It  was 
not  long  before  the  wilderness  blossomed  under  their  labor  and  comfort 
waited  upon  their  endeavor. 

In  1682  Rev.  Pierre  Daille  came  to  America,  and  was  allowed  to  organize 
a  French  Reformed  Church  in  the  Dutch  Church  in  the  Fort.  French 
members  of  the  Dutch  Church  were  dismissed  to  the  new  society.  These 
people  were  very  devoted  and  many  walked  twenty  miles  or  more  each 
Sabbath  through  the  woods  to  attend  service,  enlivening  their  journey  by 
singing  the  hymns  of  Clement  Marot. 

Daille  became  a  dear  friend  of  Selyns,  who  called  him  "his  colleague" 
and  said  of  him  :  "He  exercises  his  ministry  in  the  French  Church  here. 
He  is  full  of  zeal,  learning  and  piety.  Exiled  for  the  sake  of  his  re- 
ligion, he  now  devotes  himself  here  to  the  cause  of  Christ  with  untiring 
energy." 

Daille  extended  his  labors  to  the  neighboring  settlements.  He  founded 
the  French  church  at  Hackensack  in  1682.  He  revived  the  church  on 
Staten  Island,  and  founded  the  church  at  New  Paltz,  1683. 

In  1687  Rev.  Pierre  Peiret  arrived  from  Foix,  France.  He  at  once 
organized  a  church,  called  the  French  Church  of  New  York.  The  follow- 
ing year  a  building  was  erected  on   Marketfield   street.     Mr.  Daille  con- 


THE    CHURCH    BEGINS   ITS   STRUGGLE   FOR   FREEDOM  33 

tinued  to  minister  to  the  French  congregation  in  the  fort  until  1692,  when 
his  people  united  with  the  new  French  Church.  After  that  date  Rev. 
Peiret  generally  officiated  in  New  York,  and  Daille  labored  among  the 
scattered  French  settlements.  All  the  French  Christians  were  sup- 
posed to  compose  one  church  and  the  ministers  divided  the  income  between 
them. 

David  Bonrepos  took  charge  of  the  French  churches  on  Staten  Island 
and  New  Paltz  and  in  1696  Daille  accepted  a  call  to  the  Huguenot  Church 
in  Boston  where  he  labored  until  his  death  in  1715.  Other  French  min- 
isters appeared  from  time  to  time  and  organized  churches  after  the  Re- 
formed order  in  various  French  settlements.  Several  of  these  churches 
and  pastors  subsequently  conformed  to  the  Church  of  England. 

Thus  the  Reformed  Churches  in  America,  composed  of  Dutch  and 
French,  were  beginning  to  prosper  in  spite  of  the  rule  of  a  foreign  gov- 
ernment, and  Domine  Selyns  from  time  to  time  kept  the  Classis  of  Amster- 
dam informed  of  the  conditions  of  the  churches.  Soon  after  his  own  ar- 
rival, in  1683,  he  wrote.  He  said  that  Tesschenmaker  was  pastor  at 
Schenectady.  Domine  Dellius  had  just  arrived  in  America  and  had  be- 
come the  colleague  of  the  aged  Schaats  at  Albany.  Weekstein  was  at 
Kingston  and  Van  Zuuren  on  Long  Island.  Daille  was  already  ministering 
to  the  French  and  the  English  services  in  the  fort  were  conducted  by  the 
Rev.  John  Gordon. 

In  1688  he  spoke  of  Schaats  as  too  feeble  to  serve  effectively  but  said 
that  the  French  pastors  were  doing  well.  The  French  minister  at  New 
Castle,  Casper  Carpentier,  had  died  and  another  French  minister  David 
Bonrepos,  had  taken  charge  at  .New  Rochelle.  In  conclusion  he  said: 
"Pray  for  us,  that  the  light  of  the  Gospel  may  have  its  course  toward  the 
setting  of  the  sun,  so  that  in  the  west  as  well  as  in  the  east,  many  may  sit 
down  with  Abraham,  Isaac  and  Jacob  in  the  Kingdom  of  God." 


CHAPTER  VII. 
THE  CHURCH  DURING  THE  LEISLER  TROUBLES,  1688-1692. 

All  the  despotic  qualities  of  the  Stuart  family  came  to  their  flower  in 
James  II.  He  was  a  tyrant  in  politics  and  a  bigot  in  religion.  Under  his 
government  England  came  to  realize  that  her  king  must  be  a  Protestant. 
All  parties  united  against  James,  and  at  their  invitation  William,  Prince 
of  Orange,  whose  wife  Mary,  was  a  daughter  of  James,  was  invited  to 
take  the  throne.  Just  before  Christmas,  1688,  James  fled  from  the  country 
and  the  star  of  the  Stuarts  set  forever. 

All  Protestant  Europe  rejoiced  at  this  easy  revolution  and  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam  wrote  to  Domine  Selyns  congratulating  him  on  the  change  of 
government.  William  became  a  member  of  the  Church  of  England  and  an 
Act  of  Toleration  was  passed.  It  was  not  ideal  but  in  contrast  with  the 
edicts  of  James,  it  was  an  honest  move  in  the  right  direction.  From  that 
day  the  advance  of  political  and  religious  freedom  in  England  was  steady. 

But  this  beginning  of  liberty  was  to  be  accompanied  by  a  peculiar  and 
unfortunate  episode  in  New  York.  By  this  the  progress  of  the  province 
was  delayed  and  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  disrupted. 

New  York  had  been  fearful  of  Roman  Catholic  domination  and  filled 
with  vague  longings  after  democracy.  Therefore  all  classes  were  pleased 
with  the  revolution  in  England.  The  Dutch  people  rejoiced  that  although 
England  had  conquered  them,  England  herself  now  had  a  Dutch  king. 
The  French  Huguenots  went  wild  with  joy,  for  as  they  had  watched  the 
political  machinations  in  Europe,  a  dreadful  fear  that  the  long  arm  of 
Louis  XIV  would  find  them  out  had  chilled  their  hearts. 

But  while  the  populace  rejoiced  that  James  had  fled  his  officials  in 
America  retained  their  positions.  The  people  awaited  for  dispatches  but 
they  did  not  come.  In  Boston  the  citizens  settled  the  matter  by  arresting 
Governor  Andros  and  appointing  a  committee  of  safety. 

In  New  York  affairs  were  in  an  awkward  situation.  Although  the  town's 
population  was  only  about  four  thousand  the  gulf  between  the  aristocratic 
elements  and  the  common  people  was  deep  and  wide.  Lieutenant  Gov- 
ernor Nicholson,  not  a  strong  man  in  a  crisis,  was  in  command.  With 
him  were  associated  as  councilors,  Philipse,  Van  Cortlandt  and  Bayard, 
all  prominent  in  the  Dutch  Church.  They  hesitated  to  take  action  without 
direct  authority  from  Westminster  and  in  this  attitude  of  watchful  waiting 
they  were  supported  by  the  more  intelligent  and  wealthy  classes,  including 
the  ministers,  Selyns,  of  New  York,  Dellius  of  Albany  and  Varick  of  Long 
Island.  The  French  ministers,  probably  because  of  their  dislike  of  France 
were  inclined  to  the  other  side. 

On  the  other  hand  the  multitude  feared  papal  machinations  and  were 
impatient  of  delay.     Wild  rumors  spread  abroad.     It  was  said  that  many 

34 


THE   CHURCH   DURING  THE  LEISLER  TROUBLES,    1688-1692      35 

of  the  leading  men  were  Papists  in  disguise.  The  Roman  CathoHc  soldiers 
among  the  troops  were  to  massacre  the  people  on  a  certain  Sunday  in 
church  and  the  country  was  to  be  betrayed  to  the  King  of  France,  whose 
soldiers  were  concealed  at  the  Narrows. 

An  unwise  remark  of  Nicholson  about  burning  the  city  set  off  the  spark 
and  next  day  the  town  was  in  an  uproar.  At  this  point  Jacob  Leisler,  cap- 
tain of  one  of  the  train  bands,  ^nd  thrice  a  deacon  in  the  Dutch  Church, 
emerged  from  obscurity.  Leisler  was  a  German,  honest,  kind  hearted  and 
narrow.  He  was  related  by  marriage  to  the  Bayard  and  Van  Cortlandt 
families,  but  they  considered  him  beneath  them  and  he  was  not  on  speak- 
ing terms  with  them.  He  had  little  statesmanship  in  his  nature  but  many 
of  the  qualities  of  the  demagogue.  He  became  obsessed  with  a  fixed  fear 
of  the  dangers  of  Romanism. 

Early  in  the  summer  of  1689  a  proclamation  of  the  King  was  received 
and  published  at  the  City  Hall.  This  retained  in  office  all  government 
officials  except  Papists.  The  collector  of  the  revenue,  who  was  a  Roman 
Catholic,  was  at  once  removed  from  office  but  the  Protestant  officials  pre- 
pared to  continue  their  duties.  Leisler  however  declared  that  they  were 
Papists  in  disguise. 

Under  his  leadership  the  multitude  heaped  all  manner  of  abuse  upon  the 
old  officials  of  the  government.  Nicholson  was  compelled  to  flee  to  Eng- 
land and  his  councilors  and  friends  were  scattered.  In  the  midst  of  these 
disputes  a  fire  occurred  in  the  church  in  the  fort,  near  the  powder  magazine. 
This  increased  the  excitement.  The  fire  was  blamed  on  "Popish  knaves" 
and  the  people  rejoiced  "that  threw  God's  mercy  they  were  miraculously 
saved  of  that  hellish  designe." 

A  committee  of  safety  composed  of  his  own  creatures  appointed  Leisler 
commander-in-chief,  August  16,  1689.  At  an  election  in  October  only 
Leisler's  friends  were  chosen  and  in  December  a  letter  from  the  King 
addressed  to  Nicholson — "and  in  his  absence  to  such  as  for  the  time  being 
take  care  for  preserving  the  peace  and  administering  the  laws  in  our  said 
Province  of  New  York  in  America"  was  taken  by  Leisler  to  give  authority 
to  himself. 

He  now  adopted  a  very  energetic  policy,  imprisoning  his  opponents,  both 
high  and  low,  or  driving  them  into  exile.  He  put  the  fort  in  repair  and 
conducted  a  vigorous  policy  of  defence  against  a  supposed  invasion  from 
Canada.  But  as  the  months  passed  the  enthusiasm  of  his  followers  cooled 
and  his  position  became  precarious. 

Leisler  had  been  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  Reformed  Dutch 
Church  and  considered  himself  the  bulwark  of  Protestantism.  He  there- 
fore thought  he  had  a  right  to  exercise  his  "jurisdiction — in  the  Ecclesias- 
tical affairs  prescribing  to  the  severall  churches  rules  and  ordinances  and 
enjoyned  them  by  threatening  to  be  obedient  thereto." 

He  supposed  that  ministers  and  congregations  would  welcome  his  gov- 
ernment with  enthusiasm  and  was  greatly  chagrined  to  find  among  pastors 
and  people  a  decidedly  unresponsive  attitude. 

In  the  church  of  Albany  Leisler  had  few  friends,  a  fact  which  he  at- 
tributed to  the  influence  of   Bayard   and  other  exiles   from   New  York, 


36  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Pastor  Dellius  refused  to  recognize  him,  and  prayed  only  for  the  Crown, 
not  for  the  King  of  England.  Dellius  had  been  on  friendly  terms  with 
some  Jesuits.  Leisler  therefore  called  him  a  "Cockaran"  minister  and 
attempted  to  arrest  him.  But  Dellius  fled  and  secreted  himself  in  various 
places.  For  a  time  he  was  even  concealed  in  the  house  of  Domine  Selyns 
in  New  York.  Thence  he  went  to  Boston,  intending  to  sail  for  England 
but  was  recalled  upon  the  fall  of  his  enemy.' 

Domine  Varick  of  Long  Island  first  attempted  to  endure  Leisler's  rule  in 
silence.  But  in  this  he  was  unsuccessful.  Having  made  a  derogatory 
remark  to  an  elder  of  his  church,  it  was  repeated  to  Leisler  and  he  was 
compelled  to  flee  to  New  Castle.  After  a  time  he  returned  but  was  arrested 
for  "speaking  treasonable  words  against  Captain  Leisler  and  the  fort." 
Domine  Selyns  offered  himself  and  his  property  as  bail  but  was  refused 
with  threats.  After  a  year's  close  confinement  Varick  was  brought  to 
trial.  He  was  "sentenced  to  be  deprived  from  his  ministerial  function, 
amerced  in  a  fine  of  eighty  pounds  and  to  remain  in  prison  until  that  fine 
should  be  paid."  Upon  making  his  submission  to  Leisler  he  was  released 
but  he  died  from  the  effects  of  the  ill  treatment  he  had  received  in  1694. 

The  French  ministers,  Daille  and  Peiret,  realizing  the  dangers  of  a  French 
attack,  were  inclined  ,to  be  friendly  to  Leisler  but  disapproved  of  many 
of  his  irregular  proceedings.  Daille  was  bold  enough  to  rebuke  him  for  his 
conduct  and  Leisler  took  the  rebuke  with  very  ill  grace. 

Leisler  was  grievously  displeased  at  his  own  pastor,  Domine  Selyns. 
Selyns  on  his  part  was  shocked  to  hear  pious  elders  of  his  church  de- 
nounced as  "Popish  doggs  and  Divells  imaginable." 

Selyns  also  gave  a  certificate  of  character  to  the  English  chaplain, 
Innes,  who  was  suspected  of  Romanism.  But  it  was  brushed  aside  by 
Leisler  who  declared  that  "Enis  (Innes)  was  by  outward  pretence  a 
Protestant,  but  in  effect  a  mere  Papist." 

Leisler  also  assumed  the  Governor's  pew  in  the  church  and  great  was  the 
wrath  excited  among  the  first  families  of  the  province.  One  of  whom 
declared,  "Out  of  hell  certainly  never  was  such  a  pack  of  ignorant,  scandal- 
ous, false,  malicious,  impudent,  impertinent  rascals  herded  together." 

Urged  by  members  of  his  Consistory  Domine  Selyns  for  a  time  tried  to 
keep  silent  but  at  last  he  came  to  an  open  and  bitter  rupture  with  the 
self-styled  Governor.  In  a  letter  at  this  time  he  wrote :  "Domine  Varick 
and  myself  have  suffered  more  than  can  be  believed  and  are  forced  to 
cultivate  patience."  He  then  urged  that  the  King  be  advised  to  send  over  a 
Governor  at  once,  adding  that  unless  this  was  done  he  would  have  to  return 
to  Holland. 

Domine  Selyns'  desire  for  a  legally  appointed  Governor  was  soon  to  be 
satisfied.  Governor  Henry  Sloughter  sailed  for  his  province,  Dec.  i,  1690. 
In  another  ship  came  Lieutenant  Governor  Major  Richard  Ingoldsby.  The 
latter  arrived  before  his  chief,  but  unfortunately  he  had  no  documentary 
authority  with  him  as  such  papers  were  in  the  hands  of  the  Governor. 


^Leisler  wrote  "Cockaran"  although  he  meant  "Cocceian"  after  Johannes 
Cocceius    (1603-1669),   whom   he   considered   heretical. 


THE   CHURCH    DURING  THE   LEISLER   TROUBLES,    1688-1692       37 

Ingoldsby  demanded  the  surrender  of  the  fort  and  the  release  of  the 
prisoners.  Leisler  in  spite  of  the  advice  of  many  friends,  refused  to  yield 
without  written  authority.  Affairs  assumed  a  very  critical  aspect  and 
civil  war  seemed  imminent. 

Amid  these  untoward  conditions  Domine  Selyns  was  obliged  to  celebrate 
the  Lord's  Supper  in  the  church  in  the  fort,  with  some  of  his  church 
officers  in  the  dungeon  close  at  hand  and  some  of  his  deadly  enemies  seated 
at  the  table.  The  next  week,  an  elder  and  deacon  of  the  church  were 
killed  by  a  shot  from  the  fort  which  was  not  believed  to  be  accidental. 
Two  days  later,  Governor  Sloughter  arrived.  He  at  once  organized  his 
government  and  demanded  the  surrender  of  the  fort.  Leisler  madly  hesi- 
tated and  attempted  to  parley.  Thereupon  his  soldiers  deserted,  and  he 
was  seized  by  the  Governor's  orders  and  bound  with  the  same  chain  which 
had  fastened  elder  Bayard. 

Great  was  the  joy  of  his  enemies.  In  this  Domine  Selyns  shared,  de- 
claring that  Leisler  was  an  incarnate  devil  and  that  there  was  no  hope 
of  his  salvation.     For  this  rash  remark  Mrs.  Selyns  rebuked  him. 

On  the  next  Sunday  the  pastor  arose  in  his  pulpit  and  announced  his 
text,  Psalm  27:13,  "I  had  fainted  unless  I  had  believed  to  see  the  good- 
ness of  the  Lord  in  the  land  of  the  living."  The  sermon  was  strongly 
anti-Leislerian  and  further  widened  the  already  broad  chasm  between 
the  two  parties  in  the  church. 

On  April  9,  1691,  Sloughter  restored  the  Assembly.  It  was  the  first 
Assembly  under  the  direct  authority  of  the  Crown  and  the  members  were 
all  opposed  to  Leisler.  A  special  commission  was  ordered  to  try  him  and 
his  companions.     The  charges  against  them  were  treason  and  murder. 

Leisler  and  seven  others  were  convicted  while  two  were  acquitted,  April 
29,  1691.  The  decision  created  violent  excitement  throughout  the  city. 
Selyns,  Varick  and  Dellius  demanded  the  full  penalty.  Domine  Daille 
however  was  active  in  circulating  a  petition  for  a  reprieve,  to  which  more 
than  1800  persons  affixed  their  signatures.  After  some  delay  the  Governor 
signed  the  death  warrants  of  Leisler  and  his  son-in-law,  Milbourne  and  re- 
prieved the  others  until  the  King's  pleasure  could  be  learned. 

The  same  evening  Domine  Selyns  in  very  bad  taste  announced  the  fatal 
decision  to  the  victims,  but  did  not  see  them  again  until  he  offered  them 
"the  consolations  of   religion"  at  their  execution. 

A  large  crowd  assembled  to  see  that  spectacle  in  a  pouring  rain.  May 
16,  1691,  and  were  much  impressed  with  the  behavior  of  the  condemned. 
Even  Domine  Selyns  confessed  that  Leisler  died  like  a  Christian  man.  By 
the  sustained  courage  of  their  last  moments  they  were  exalted  above  their 
mistakes  and  common-place  existence  and  enrolled  in  the  noble  army  of 
martyrs.' 


"Writers  have  generally  denounced  Leisler  as  a  usurper.  Brodhead, 
in  his  "History  of  New  York,"  and  Hon.  Henry  C.  Murphy,  in  his  "Anth- 
ologv  of  New  Xetherland,"  take  this  view,  which  was  also  adopted  in 
the  "Manual"  of  1879.  See  also  Col.  Docs.,  Vol.  iii,  pp.  667-684,  716,  717, 
738-753.  But  Dr.  A.  G.  Vermilye.  in  an  address  before  the  Oneida  His- 
torical Society  in  1891,  completely  overthrew  these  views  and  unan- 
swerably vindicated  Leisler.  The  same  article  is  reprinted  In  "Memorial 
History  of  New  York,"  Vol.   1,   p.   453. 


38  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

In  his  farewell  speech  Leisler  besought  his  friends  to  bury  their  ill  will 
in  his  grave.  But  this  did  not  come  to  pass  for  the  wrath  excited  by  these 
events  sprang  up  to  bear  noxious  fruit  in  Church  and  State  for  many 
years  to  come. 

Two  days  after  Leisler's  death  Governor  Sloughter  invited  those  who 
had  fled  from  his  oppression  to  return  to  their  homes.  The  exiles,  among 
whom  was  Domine  Dellius,  gladly  availed  themselves  of  this  privilege,  and 
the  province  was  soon  filled  with  the  rejoicings  of  returned  fugitives  and 
released  prisoners.  The  Leislerians,  although  bitterly  angry,  were  cowed 
for  a  time,  but  upon  the  sudden  death  of  Sloughter,  July  23,  1691,  they 
"again  pricked  up  their  ears." 

In  169s  Leisler's  son  succeeded  in  obtaining  an  act  of  Parliament  remov- 
ing the  attainder  of  treason  and  legalizing  Leisler's  authority.  In  1698, 
in  spite  of  the  opposition  of  the  Consistory,  by  order  of  Lord  Bellomont, 
then  Governor,  the  remains  of  Leisler  and  Milbourne  were  taken  up  from 
their  unhallowed  grave  at  the  foot  of  the  gallows  and  buried  within  the 
sacred  precincts  of  the  Dutch  Church  of  New  York. 

Meanwhile  the  passion  and  strife  excited  by  these  events  continued  to 
divide  the  churches  oithe  colony.  Although  Albany  was  the  most  exposed 
to  the  danger  of  foreign  invasion,  the  conditions  of  the  church  there  were 
better  than  elsewhere.  Domine  Dellius  was  gladly  received  upon  his  re- 
turn from  the  exile  into  which  Leisler  had  driven  him.  He  enjoyed  the 
respect  of  his  congregation  and  his  work  among  the  Indians  was  success- 
ful. The  rumors  of  war  however  paralyzed  the  settlement  and  his  con- 
gregation decreased  by  removal. 

Aflfairs  on  Long  Island  were  the  worst  in  the  province.  The  church  was 
largely  Leislerian  in  sentiment  and  for  a  long  time  two  of  the  elders  were 
held  under  sentence  of  death  among  those  condemned  with  Leisler. 
Domine  Varick  attempted  to  forgive  his  enemies  from  the  pulpit  but  his 
words  were  not  well  received.  Not  a  quarter  of  the  congregation  attended 
church  and  only  a  few  personal  friends  contributed  toward  his  support. 
He  applied  to  the  Classis  for  removal  to  another  field,  but  before  oppor- 
tunity was  found  he  died.  His  funeral  was  largely  attended.  "And  there 
was  far  more  honor  conferred  upon  him  at  his  burial,  than  when  once 
standing  in  the  City  Hall  awaiting  the  sentence  of  imprisonment." 

Domine  Selyns'  church  had  more  of  the  better  element  in  it  than  did 
that  of  Varick,  and  he  was  better  treated.  He  was  however  compelled  to 
listen  to  vile  epithets  hurled  at  him  in  the  street  and  his  salary  fell  into 
arrears.  After  a  time  his  church  somewhat  recovered  and  his  salary  was 
paid  him  promptly. 

The  Leisler  episode  delayed  the  plans  for  the  building  of  a  new  Dutch 
Church  in  New  York.  But  in  1692  such  an  edifice  was  erected  in  Garden 
Street  (Exchange  Place).  The  Church  in  the  Fort  was  then  given  for  the 
exclusive  use  of  the  Episcopal  worship.  But  in  about  a  year  it  was  taken 
down  and  rebuilt.  This  second  church  in  the  fort  continued  to  be  used 
as  an  English  church  until  1741  when  it  was  burned  and  not  rebuilt. 

Domine  Selyns  greatly  mourned  the  spiritual  declension  which  resulted 


THE   CHURCH    DURING  THE   LEISLER  TROUBLES,    1688-1692       39 

from  the  Leisler  troubles.  He  said :  "Our  public  morals  have  been  greatly 
corrupted,  and  many  crimes  introduced  by  strangers  and  privateers.  .  .  . 
Undoubtedly  our  dangers  arise  from  the  bottomless  pit  of  our  own  sins. 
.  .  .  Although  our  sins  are  like  unto  those  of  Sodom,  let  us  not,  O  God, 
become  a  Sodom,  under  thy  judgments,  yet  our  sins  are  rising  up  against 
us.  .  .  .  Such  conditions  tend  to  the  destruction  of  the  church  and  of 
all  piety,  they  will  turn  Christians  into  savages,  and  will  destroy  and 
bring  utterly  to  an  end  all  the  efforts  heretofore  made  at  New  Albany  for 
the  conversion  of  the  heathen." 

Yet  Domine  Selyns  continued,  in  the  midst  of  his  troubles,  to  play  the 
part  of  Bishop  to  the  neighboring  Dutch  churches.  He  seldom  wrote  a 
letter  without  mentioning  their  progress. 

In  1693  he  aided  the  Church  of  Kingston  in  securing  a  pastor  in  place 
of  Rev.  Laurentius  Van  de  Bosch,  whom  Selyns  and  other  Dutch  pastors 
had  deposed  because  of  his  "unedifying  life."  As  a  result  of  these  efforts 
the  Rev.  John  Peter  Nucella  was  sent  to  America.  He  also  assisted  the 
churches  on  Long  Island  to  obtain  a  pastor  after  Varick's  death. 

Domine  Selyns  was  not  infallible  in  his  judgments.  In  1694  his  sus- 
picions were  aroused  by  the  unconventional  methods  of  the  Rev.  Guilliam 
Bartholf  at  Hackensack  and  elsewhere  in  New  Jersey.  Selyns  considered 
him  a  Labadist  and  feared  that  the  results  of  his  preaching  would  be 
disastrous  to  the  struggling  congregations  in  the  wilderness.  In  this  he 
was  mistaken  for  Bartholf  became  one  of  the  most  useful  of  the  pioneer 
ministers  of  the  colony. 

There  are  also  glimpses  of  the  benevolent  work  of  the  Dutch  churches 
at  this  period.  The  sufferings  of  American  captives  upon  the  coast  of 
Africa  appealed  to  the  sympathies  of  the  people.  At  one  time  within 
New  York  and  vicinity  no  less  than  374  pounds  was  raised  for  their  relief. 
In  1696  the  Consistory  of  New  York  loaned  the  Consistory  of  Albany 
thirty  pounds  to  aid  certain  persons  of  that  place  who  had  been  robbed 
by  the  French  and  Indians. 

Throughout  its  history  the  colony  of  New  Netherland  and  New  York 
was  comparatively  free  from  the  delusion  of  witchcraft.  The  Dutch  were 
less  inclined  to  this  superstition  than  were  the  English.  The  last  execu- 
tion for  witchcraft  in  Holland  took  place  in  1610,  while  the  laws  against 
the  supposed  crime  in  England  were  not  repealed  until  1736.  The  only 
reference  to  the  delusion  during  the  Dutch  regime  in  America  was  Kieft's 
expression  of  fear  that  the  Indian  medicine  men  were  directing  their  in- 
cantations against  him. 

The  Duke's  Laws  made  no  reference  to  witchcraft,  and  the  only  case 
recorded  under  the  English  Government  was  in  1665  and  that  resulted  in 
acquittal. 

In  1692  Domine  Selyns  and  his  people  were  therefore  startled  at  the  re- 
ports of  the  outburst  of  the  craze  in  Massachusetts.  The  people  and  pas- 
tors of  the  neighboring  churches  came  to  him  for  advice.  The  domine 
consulted  with  Joseph  Dudley,  the  chief  justice  of  New  York,  and  decided 
that  it  "was  pretended  witchcraft  or  an  unknown  sickness."    In  his  famous 


40  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Latin  poem  addressed  to  Dr.  Cotton  Mather,  October  i6,  1697,  Selyns  spoke 
slightingly  of  the  superstition  : 

"Scorn  of  the  goblin  horde  to  be  afraid — 
Shapes  without  substance,  shadows  of  a  shade."^ 


^See  the  poem  in  Manual  of  1902,  Page  735. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

THE   DUTCH    CHURCH   AND    THE    MINISTRY    ACT    WITH 
EFFORTS  FOR  A  CHARTER,  1692-1698. 

In  England  the  period  of  enforced  religious  uniformity  ceased  with  the 
expulsion  of  the  Stuarts  and  William's  Act  of  Toleration  (1689).  But 
strange  to  say,  religious  freedom  for  a  time  seemed  to  lose  ground.  But 
this  apparent  loss  was  inevitable.  The  perfect  liberty  granted  by  James  had 
an  ulterior  object  in  view.  His  apparent  liberality  was  intended  to  open 
the  way  for  the  introduction  of  Romanism.  In  William  the  Protestant 
succession  was  restored.  The  Church  of  England  was  the  Established 
Church;  and  the  regular  policy  of  extending  as  far  as  possible  the  na- 
tional church  was  resumed.  Hence  the  efforts  to  establish  Episcopacy  in 
New  York. 

After  the  elevation  of  William  and  Mary  to  the  throne,  Parliament 
took  immediate  direction  of  colonial  affairs.  The  government  inaugurated 
for  New  York  continued  for  eighty-five  years  or  until  the  American 
Revolution.  It  consisted  of  a -Governor,  Council  and  elective  Assembly. 
The  Governor  and  Council  summoned  the  Assembly.  These  two  bodies 
then  passed  bills  in  conformity  with  the  English  Constitution,  which  be- 
came laws  when  signed  by  the  Governor. 

The  Test  Act,  which  required  all  government  officials  to  be  Protestants, 
was  for  the  first  extended  to  America.  The  Bishop  of  London  was  given 
ecclesiastical  jurisdiction  over  New  York.  He  was  to  certify  Angelican 
ministers,  whom  the  Governor  was  to  induct  into  office.  Liberty  of  con- 
science was  granted  to  all  except  Papists. 

During  Governor  Sloughter's  administration  and  the  vacancy  which 
ensued,  several  proposals  to  establish  the  Anglican  Church  were  made 
without  result.  The  Assembly  was  strongly  opposed  to  such  bills  and 
purposely  ignored  them. 

Benjamin  Fletcher  assumed  the  reins  of  government,  August,  30,  1692. 
His  Instructions  in  regard  to  religion  were  similar  to  those  of  Sloughter. 
Acting  upon  them  he  advised  his  Council,  Oct.  24,  1692,  "that  provision  be 
made  for  the  support  and  encouragement  of  an  able  ministry,  and  for  a 
strict  and  due  observance  of  the  Lord's  Day." 

The  Assembly  understanding  that  he  desired  to  establish  the  Church 
of  England,  in  a  community  where  a  large  majority  of  the  people  belonged 
to  other  churches,  paid  no  attention  to  this  first  recommendation.  The 
Governor  however  several  times  called  attention  to  it,  and  to  please  the 
Dutch  ministers,  aided  them  in  regathering  their  congregations,  scattered 
by  the  Leisler  troubles,  and  in  collecting  their  arrears  of  salary. 

41 


42  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     Ii\    AMERICA 

Five  months  later,  March  23,  1693,  at  the  opening  of  the  new  Assembly, 
the  Governor  renewed  his  recommendations,  declaring  that  they  might 
expect  a  judgment  of  God  if  his  worship  was  not  established. 

But  in  spite  of  repeated  urgings  the  Assembly  was  slow  to  act.  They 
desired  the  assurance  that  the  ministers  to  be  chosen  should  be  of  the  Re- 
formed Protestant  faith.  In  answer  the  Governor  reminded  them  that  he 
had  authority  from  the  King  to  veto  any  ministerial  appointment  or  to 
suspend  any  minister  within  the  colony. 

About  this  time  events  occurred  at  Jamaica  which  aided  the  Governor 
in  his  purpose.  Some  of  the  Presbyterians  in  that  region  desired  to 
build  a  church,  but  were  unable  to  secure  sufficient  funds  by  voluntary 
subscription.  They  therefore  applied  to  the  Assembly  for  aid,  and  that 
body  appeared  favorable  to  their  designs.  Therefore  the  Governor  con- 
sidered the  moment  opportune  to  secure  the  passage  of  a  Ministry  Act 
for  the  province. 

The  bill  presented,  Sept.  14,  1693,  provided  for  "a  good,  sufficient 
Protestant  minister"  in  each  of  the  following  places,  in  New  York  City, 
one;  in  Richmond  County,  one;  in  Westchester  County,  two  (one  minister 
to  have  charge  of  Westchester,  East  Chester,  Yonkers,  Manor  of  Ford- 
ham  and  Pelham,  and  another  to  have  charge  of  Rye,  Mamaroneck  and 
Bedford)  ;  in  Queen's  County,  two  (one  to  have  charge  of  Jamaica  and 
adjacent  towns ;  another  to  have  charge  of  Hempstead  and  adjacent  towns). 
The  taxes  for  the  support  of  these  ministers  were  to  be  levied  and  collected 
as  follows:  100  pounds  in  New  York  City,  40  pounds  in  Richmond  County; 
100  pounds  in  Westchester  County,  and  120  pounds  in  Queens  County. 
In  all  the  counties  except  New  York  the  payment  could  be  in  produce. 

The  justices,  or  any  two  of  them  in  each  of  these  four  places  were  yearly 
to  issue  their  warrants  to  the  constables  to  summon  the  freeholders  on 
the  second  Tuesday  of  January,  to  choose  in  each  place  ten  vestrymen  and 
two  church  wardens.  Within  ten  days  thereafter  the  justices  and  the 
vestrymen  were  to  lay  a  tax  for  these  respective  amounts  for  the  main- 
tenance of  the  ministers  in  these  places,  under  penalty  of  five  pounds  for 
neglect  of  duty. 

Upon  refusal  of  any  one  to  pay,  the  collection  was  to  be  by  distraint 
of  goods.  The  church  wardens  were  to  receive  the  money,  pay  the  minister 
and  render  accounts  under  penalty  of  five  pounds  for  neglect  of  duty. 

Ministers  were  to  be  called  by  the  respective  vestrymen  and  church  war- 
dens and  present  agreements  were  to  remain  in  force. 

On  Sept.  21,  1693,  the  bill  was  passed  and  sent  to  the  Governor.  He 
desired  that  in  the  section  in  regard  to  the  calling  of  ministers  the  words 
be  inserted,  "And  presented  to  the  Governor  to  be  approved  and  collated." 
This  the  Assembly  refused  to  do.  Whereupon  the  Governor  fell  into  a 
passion  and  told  them  that  his  Instructions  from  the  King  gave  him  the 
authority  without  such  addition  and  prorogued  the  Assembly.  The  law 
was  not  approved  by  the  King  until  May  11,  1697. 

Thus  the  so-called  Ministry  Act  was  passed.  The  object  of  Governor 
Fletcher  was  to  establish  the  Church  of  England,  but  the  Assembly,  all  but 


THE  DUTCH   CHURCH  AND   MINISTRY  ACT  FOR  CHARTER         43 

one  of  whom  were  non-Anglicans,  made  it  sufficiently  indefinite  to  apply 
to  any  Protestant  minister.  Except  the  county  of  New  York  the  counties 
which  were  predominantly  Dutch  were  not  included. 

Throughout  its  history  the  Ministry  Act  perverted  to  the  service  of  the 
Anglican  Church  was  the  cause  of  much  ill  will  and  litigation.  It  failed 
to  satisfy  either  party.  Frequent  attempts  to  repeal  it  were  made  but 
without  success.  It  finally  ended  its  dishonored  existence  in  the  American 
Revolution. 

Of  the  Ministry  Act  Col.  Morris  said:  "The  Ministry  Act  would  not  do 
well  for  the  dissenters  and  but  lamely  for  the  Church  (of  England), 
though  it  would  do  with  the  help  of  the  Governor  and  that  was  all." 

But  Fletcher  determined  that  by  his  "help"  the  act  should  be  used  for  the 
benefit  of  the  Anglican  Church.  He  accordingly  gave  the  impression  in  his 
letters  to  England  that  the  Church  was  established  in  America,  and  at 
home  he  endeavored  to  carry  out  his  plans  upon  this  perverted  interpreta- 
tion of  it. 

On  January  9,  1694.  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the  act  the 
freeholders  of  the  city  elected  two  church  wardens  and  ten  vestrymen. 
Of  the  twelve  officers  chosen  nine  were  non-Episcopalians. 

The  Rev.  John  Miller,  Episcopal  chaplain  of  the  troops  now  presented 
himself  as  candidate  for  the  newly  established  "living"  in  New  York,  but 
the  vestrymen  determined  to  call  a  non-Episcopalian.  This  of  course 
angered  Fletcher,  but  the  Council  agreed  with  the  Vestrymen  and  nothing 
was  accomplished.  Thereupon  it  was  resolved  not  to  levy  the  tax  until 
a  minister  was  actually  appointed. 

The  vestry  and  Governor  were  thus  in  opposition  to  each  other,  and  at 
the  next  election  only  one  Episcopalian,  out  of  the  twelve  persons  chosen, 
was  returned. 

Fletcher  threatened  to  prosecute  them  if  they  longer  refused  to  carry 
out  his  plans.  They  therefore  met,  January  26,  1695,  and  called  William 
Vesey  to  be  pastor  of  New  York  under  the  Ministry  Act. 

The  Civil  Vestry,  displeased  at  their  enforced  obedience,  requested  of 
the  Assembly  an  interpretation  of  the  Ministry  Act.  That  body  replied 
that  the  vestrymen  and  church  wardens  had  the  power  to  call  a  dissenting 
minister  under  the  act  if  they  chose. 

Upon  hearing  of  this  response  the  Governor  was  furious,  and  roundly 
scolded  the  Assembly  saying:  "It  is  out  of  your  province  to  explain  an  act 
which  you  did  not  make.     The  laws  are  to  be  interpreted  by  the  judges." 

Yet  the  Governor  was  evidently  weakening.  He  saw  his  helplessness 
before  an  overwhelming  majority,  and  his  state  of  mind  was  quickly 
perceived  by  others.  Because  of  the  Governor's  spirit  of  conciliation  at 
the  third  election  under  the  Ministry  Act,  one  half  of  the  officials  chosen 
were  Anglicans. 

In  a  more  friendly  mood  therefore  this  Civil  Vestry  levied  and  collected 
a  tax  for  "a  good,  sufficient  Protestant  minister"  to  the  amount  of  one 
hundred  pounds  and  to  maintain  him  for  one  year.  It  was  becoming 
evident  to  the  friends  of  the  Anglican  communion  that  their  Church  could 


44  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA 

make  but  little  head  way  in  a  community  of  non-Anglicans,  who  were 
bitterly  opposed  to  taxation  for  its  support.  Of  this  feeling  at  a  later  day. 
Col.  Morris  said:  "If  by  force  the  salary  is  taken  from  them  (the  non- 
Anglicans)  and  paid  to  the  ministers  of  the  Church  (Anglican),  it  may  be 
the  means  of  subsisting  those  ministers,  but  they  won't  make  many  con- 
verts among  a  people  who  think  themselves  very  much  injured." 

Under  the  Dutch  authority  the  Reformed  Church  had  been  the  Estab- 
lished Church  of  the  province,  and  the  distinction  between  civil  and 
ecclesiastical  property  was  indefinite.  The  ownership  of  the  places  of 
worship  was  legally  vested  in  the  West  India  Company,  but  the  church 
deacons  controlled  the  buildings,  and  the  people  paid  for  repairs. 

After  the  surrender  in  1664  the  church  in  the  fort  was  considered  the 
property  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  congregation.  The  deacons  also  held  the 
poor  farm,  the  poor  house  in  the  city,  the  parsonage,  and  various  gifts- 
which  came  to  them  from  time  to  time. 

As  their  wealth  increased  suspicion  of  the  government  of  James  II  and 
fear  of  the  effect  of  the  proposed  union  of  the  colonies,  led  the  Church 
of  New  York  City  to  seek  to  secure  her  estate  by  royal  charter. 

Such  efforts,  begun  before  the  English  Revolution,  remained  in  abeyance 
during  the  Leisler  administration.  That  tragic  time  and  the  activity  of 
Fletcher  in  securing  the  passage  of  the  Ministry  Act  still  further  em- 
phasized the  need  of  greater  security. 

After  much  preparation  on  June  19,  1695,  the  Consistory  of  New  York 
petitioned  for  a  charter.  They  stated  that  since  the  surrender  in  1664 
the  Church  had  acquired  certain  properties,  enjoyed  their  rights  of  wor- 
ship and  erected  a  church  at  their  own  charges.  They  said  that  it  was 
necessary  to  guard  these  possessions  and  they  requested  a  charter  for  this 
purpose. 

After  waiting  nearly  a  year,  much  against  his  will  the  Governor  signed 
the  charter  of  the  Dutch  Church  of  New  York,  May  11,  1696. 

After  name  and  title,  etc.,  the  charter  specified  five  pieces  of  property 
belonging  to  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  of  New  York.  It  then  referred 
to  the  petition  that  the  Church  be  incorporated  as  a  Dutch  Reformed- 
Church.  It  was  stated  that  the  request  was  granted  and  the  reasons  given 
therefpr.  Freedom  of  worship,  of  right  to  hold  property  and  of  choosing" 
ministers  was  confirmed.  The  title  of  the  Church  was  to  be:  "The  Min- 
ister, Elders  and  Deacons  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  of 
the  City  of  New  York."  Rights  and  privileges  of  the  corporation  were 
mentioned  and  the  regulations  were  enumerated.  Further  privileges  were 
stated  and  the  final   ratification   followed. 

The  Episcopalians  had  already  organized  a  church  and  now  they  felt  that 
they  also  should  have  a  charter.  Of  course  they  obtained  this  without 
difificulty  and  it  was  signed.  May  6,  1697.     Thus  Trinity  Church  was  born. 

This  charter  twelve  times  stated  that  the  Episcopal  Church  was  by  law 
established  in  New  York.  The  officials  of  the  Dutch  Church  knew  that  this 
was  not  the  truth,  but  having  obtained  their  own  charter,  for  the  sake  of 
peace,  they  held  their  peace.     They  did  however  insist  upon  the  addition 


TflE  DUTCH   CHURCH   AND   MINISTRY  ACT  FOR  CHARTER         45 

of  a  final  paragraph  to  Trinity's  charter  stating  that  nothing  therein  con- 
tained abridged  the  privileges,  already  granted,  to  any  other  Protestant 
■Church. 

An  era  of  good  feeling  followed  and  by  invitation,  the  Episcopalians 
worshipped  in  the  Dutch  Church  on  Garden  street,  while  their  own 
•edifice  was  building. 

Other  denominations  looked  with  longing  eyes  at  the  liberties  of  the 
English  and  Dutch  churches  of  the  province  of  New  York.  But  no  other 
could  obtain  charters  until  the  Revolutionary  War. 

Other  Dutch  churches  within  New  York  and  New  Jersey  during  the 
colonial  period  obtained  charters  as  follows:  Kingston,  N.  Y.,  1719;  Al- 
bany, 1720;  Schenectady,  1734;  Hackensack,  1750;  the  five  churches  of  the 
Raritan  Valley  unitedly,  1753;  Bergen,  1771 ;  Hillsborough  at  Millstone, 
1775,  and  perhaps  others. 

Thus  after  a  severe  struggle  for  her  ecclesiastical  rights  and  civil 
liberties  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  in  New  York,  really  in  behalf  of  all 
the  Dutch  churches  of  the  province,  gained  a  great  victory  which  lasted 
until  the  American  Revolution.  That  event  secured  the  incorporation  of 
these  same  principles  in  the  constitution  of  every  state  in  the  nation. 
Henceforth  no  one  denomination  was  to  lord  it  over  another.  The  State 
was  never  to  interfere  in  the  internal  discipline  of  the  Church,  and  every 
individual  church  was  entitled  to  incorporation  and  legal  protection. 

In  1695  Rev.  John  Miller,  chaplain  of  the  English  troops  in  New  York,' 
wrote  a  monograph  upon  the  condition  and  necessities  of  the  province  for 
the  benefit  of  the  Bishop  of  London.' 

He  described  the  country  and  the  towns  and  gave  maps  of  them. 

He  spoke  unfavorably  of  the  religious  character  of  the  people  and  of  the 
variety  of  opinions.  He  earnestly  advised  the  setiding  over  of  a  Bishop 
as  a  sufifragan  to  the  Bishop  of  London,  who  also  should  act  as  Governor. 
He  specified  upon  his  requirements  and  the  results  of  his  activities. 

The  expression  of  such  views  is  of  little  worth  except  to  show  the 
attitude  of  the  more  bigoted  Anglicans  in  relation  to  the  enforcement  of 
the  Ministry  Act. 

The  real  value  of  Miller's  monograph  consists  in  his  statements  in  re- 
gard to  the  population  of  the  province  and  the  churches  scattered  through- 
out it.  He  said  that  New  York  had  about  800  houses,  Albany  about  200 
and  Kingston  100 ;  that  the  whole  province  contained  about  three  thousand 
families,  of  which  one-half  were  Dutch,  a  great  part  of  the  remainder 
English  and  the  rest  were  French.  As  to  religion  the  people  were  much 
divided.  The  Dutch  were  wealthy,  the  English  in  moderate  circumstances, 
and  the  French  poor. 

The  following  is  his  table  of  the  churches,  ministers  and  families. 


'On  his  way  home  with  the  manuscript  of  this  book,  the  vessel  in  which 
he  sailed  was  met  by  a  French  privateer.  Lest  all  these  plans  should 
fall  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  he  threw  them  overboard.  He  subse- 
■quently  reproduced  everything  by  a  remarkable  memory.  At  the  sale  of 
the  library  of  George  Chalmers,  Esq.,  London.  1843,  the  MSS.  fell  into 
the  hands  of  Thos.  Rood,  bookseller,  who  published  It. 


46 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 
New  York  in  1695. 


Counties. 


Churches. 


Ministers. 


Families. 


New  York 


Richmond 

Kings   

Queens    

Suffolk    

West   Chester. 


Chapel  in  the  fort. 
Dutch  Calvinists. .  . 
Dutch    Lutherans.. 

French   

Jews'   Synagogue. . 
Harlem   [Dutch]  .  ,  . 


A    Meeting    House, 


[Rev.    John   Miller] 
Dr.    Selinus    


Dr.  Perot  .  . 
Saul  Brown 
Dr.    Selinus 


Dr.    Bonrepos 


90 
450 
30 
200 
20 
25 

English      40, 
senters. 

English,  40 
Dutch,  44 
French,    36 


Dis- 


Flatbush. 

Utrecht. 

Brookland. 


aSad  Meeting 
Newtown 


Houses 


Bight  or  nine  Meet- 
ing Houses ;  al- 
most one  at  ev- 
ery town. 


A  Meeting  House  at. 
West    Chester. 


Dr.       Varick       died  300    or    400,    chiefly 
Aug.,     1694,     and      Dutch, 
another    sent    for 
May   27,    1695. 

Mr.Philips)  without'300  or  400  English, 
Mr.  Mott  >■  any  most  Dissenters, 
Mr.  Vesey  j   orders.       and   some   Dutch. 

Seven  ministers,  500  or  600  English, 
Dissenters,  Pres-  and  Dissenters , 
byterian,  or  In-  for  the  most  part, 
dependent.  One 
lately  gone  to 
Scotland. 


A  young  man  com- 
ing to  settle  there, 
without  orders. 


Orange    . . 
Dutchess 


Ulster 


Albany 


Dutch  Calvinist,  at 
Kingstone,  for  five 
or  six  towns. 


Dutch  Calvinist.. 
Dutch  Lutheran. 
Scanecthade    .... 


A  minister  to  come, 
his  books  brought ; 
but  he  missed  his 
passage. 

Dr.  Dellius    


A     Dutch     minister 
sent  for. 


Kinderhoeck 


200  or  300,  Eng- 
lish and  Dissent- 
ers ;     few    Dutch. 

20,  English  and 
Dutch. 

30,  English  and 
Dutch. 


300,  Dutch  mostly  ; 
some  English  and 
French. 


400  or  500  Dutch, 
a  1 1  Calvinists, 
except  12  or  14 
Lutherans. 


This  gives  a  complete  view  of  the  condition  of  the  province  as  to  re- 
ligious privileges,  and  an  approximate  view  of  the  strength  of  the  religious 
bodies  when  the  attempt  to  impose  a  church  establishment  of  the  minority 
on  the  colony  was  made.  According  to  this  table  of  John  Miller,  the 
population  would  be  distributed  about  as  follows: 

Families. 

Dutch    1-754 

Dissenters   (English)    I.35S 

French  ^"^ 


THE  DUTCH   CHURCH  AND  MINISTRY  ACT   FOR  CHARTER         47 

Lutherans   45 

Episcopalians   90 

Jews   20 

Total    3,525 

By  allowing  six  to  a  family,  which  the  baptismal  records  would  show  to 
be  a  very  low  estimate,  the  population  of  the  entire  province  of  New  York 
would  be  not  less  than  twenty-one  thousand.  It  was  probably  considerably 
more. 

On  Sept.  4,  1696,  in  London,  Mr.  Miller  told  the  Board  of  Trade  "that 
there  are  about  3,000  families  in  New  York  and  5,000  families  in  Con- 
necticut. .  .  .  There  is  about  one  minister  of  the  Church  of  England 
and  one  schoolmaster  in  the  whole  colony  of  New  York.  A  Dutch  minister 
there  had  instructed  some  Indian  children;  but  the  English  in  New  York 
had  not  endeavored  it." 


CHAPTER  IX. 

THE  CHURCH  EMERGING  FROM   THE  STRUGGLE  FOR  CIVIL 
FREEDOM,   1698-1708. 

Governor  Fletcher's  administration  drew  to  a  close  under  a  cloud.  Con- 
ditions in  the  province  were  adverse  to  the  religious  and  moral  progress 
of  the  people.  Many  quarrels  remained  from  the  Leisler  troubles.  On 
shore  was  much  dishonesty  and  piracy  was  common  on  the  sea.  Gov- 
ernor Fletcher's  honor  was  not  above  suspicion,  and  rumor  reported  that 
his  wife  and  daughters  wore  fabrics  and  jewels  concerning  which  ques- 
tions would  be  awkward. 

To  correct  such  conditions  King  William  chose  his  personal  friend, 
Richard,  Earl  of  Bellomont,  to  succeed  Fletcher  as  Governor  in  1698. 

Bellomont  was  a  man  of  honest  purpose  but  of  narrow  vision,  and  un- 
certain judgment.  His.  health  was  poor  and  he  became  moody  and  sus- 
picious. Untactfully  he  attempted  at  once  to  make  dishonest  merchants 
honest  and  he  took  sides  with  the  Leislerians  who  had  been  in  subjection 
for  seven  years.  A  great  uproar  ensued  and  many  leading  persons  of  the 
Episcopal  and  Dutch  churches  were  much  displeased  with  him. 

The  Corporation  of  Trinity  Church  hoped  that  Bellomont  would  con- 
tinue toward  them  Fletcher's  partial  policy,  but  such  attitude  was  far  from 
his  disposition.  He  believed  that  the  Ministry  Act  was  unwise  because 
of  the  divisions  it  made  between  different  nationalities.  He  also  thought 
that  it  failed  to  establish  the  Church  of  England.  He  found  so  much 
fault  with  the  charter  of  Trinity  Church  that  that  body  feared  for  its 
safety.  He  was  free  in  his  criticism  of  Anglican  methods  and  a  bitter 
quarrel  developed. 

In  1699  the  Assembly  passed  a  general  bill  for  the  support  of  all  min- 
isters and  for  building  and  repairing  churches  and  schoolhouses.  Bello- 
mont approved  of  this  but  considered  it  contrary  to  his  Instructions, 
which  were  after  the  usual  order.  He  therefore  declined  to  sign  it  but 
united  with  the  Assembly  in  an  unsuccessful  petition  to  the  King  to  allow  it. 

The  Governor  also  greatly  disapproved  of  the  charter  of  the  Dutch 
Church  of  New  York  City.  Of  it  he  said:  "I  think  it  very  extraordinary, 
for  it  is  setting  up  a  petty  jurisdiction  to  fly  in  the  face  of  the  Govern- 
ment here,  as  I  have  found  it  in  my  experience."  In  his  eyes  the  piece  of 
plate  which  the  Consistory  had  given  to  Fletcher  in  gratitude  for  their 
charter,  assumed  the  form  of  a  bribe,  and  he  brusquely  insisted  on  seeing 
the  church  book  which  contained  a  record  of  the  transaction. 

Bellomont's  transfer  of  the  bodies  of  Leisler  and  Melbourne  from  their 
grave  at  the  foot  of  the  gallows  to  the  tombs  of  the  Dutch  Church,  so 

48 


EMERGING   FROM    THE   STRUGGLE   FOR   CIVIL    FREEDOM  49 

greatly  angered  many  of  the  higher  classes  that  they  would  not  attend 
the  services  on  a  day  of  fasting  and  prayer  appointed  by  the  Governor. 
Whereupon  he  angrily  remarked  that  it  was  "a  proof  of  the  wickedness 
of  the  people." 

Yet  from  the  midst  of  this  period  of  ill  will  has  come  down  to  us  one 
of  the  most  pleasing  pictures  of  colonial  church  life.  The  time  of  Sunday 
Schools  and  Children's  Days  was  yet  far  oflf  but  Domine  Selyns  had  faith- 
fully maintained  catechetical  classes  and  in  1698  he  held  a  public  exhibi- 
tion of  the  training  which  his  pupils  had  received.  Forty-four  boys  and 
twenty-one  girls  passed  creditable  examinations,  but  the  girls  did  better 
than  the  boys.  One  little  lad  of  five  years  "without  any  mistake  and  with 
energy  and  manly  confidence"  repeated  the  prayer  that  the  Domine  was 
wont  to  say  upon  the  Sabbath.  The  familiar  words  with  the  childish 
accent  drew  tears  from  many  eyes. 

It  was  the  next  year  that  Domine  Selyns  received  as  a  colleague  for  his 
old  age  Domine  Grualterus  DuBois.  He  continued  the  pastor  of  the  Dutch 
Church  of  New  York  from  1699  to  1751,  and  during  all  of  this  period  he 
was  recognized  as  one  of  the  chief  ministers  of  America,  in  ability,  charac- 
ter and  wisdom. 

Domine  Dellius  had  become  a  colleague  with  Domine  Schaats  of  Al- 
bany in  1683.  For  several  years  he  attended  quietly  to  his  ministerial  duties, 
but  during  Fletcher's  administration  he  became  one  of  the  grantees  of  that 
Governor's  extensive  land  grants  in  northern  New  York.  Bellomont  very 
much  disapproved  of  these  grants  and  in  1699  he  persuaded  the  Indians  of 
that  region,  numbers  of  whom  were  the  converts  of  Dellius,  that  they  had 
been  cheated.  The  Governor  believed  all  sorts  of  gossip  about  Dellius 
and  spared  no  pains  to  blacken  his  reputation.  Later  he  secured  a  bill  to 
vacate  these  lands,  and  suspended  Dellius  from  his  ministerial  functions. 
This  brought  a  host  of  friends  to  the  support  of  the  Albany  pastor.  Sev- 
eral neighboring  churches,  including  that  of  New  York,  gave  him  certifi- 
cates of  character  and  he  sailed  for  Europe  to  defeat  the  vacating  act  and 
to  defend  himself  before  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  The  land  grant 
troubles  were  finally  settled  by  compromise  in  1708  and  Dellius  was  ex- 
honorated  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  who  wrote  to  Bellomont  in  his 
defence. 

Dellius  never  returned  to  America.  The  Church  of  Albany  was  supplied 
by  Nucella,  1698-1700  and  pastored  by  Lydius,  1700-1709. 

With  the  accession  of  William  and  Mary  Roman  Catholicism  in  the 
province  received  a  staggering  blow.  The  Jesuit  fathers  who  had  come  in 
Dongan's  train  and  who  had  held  services  in  his  chapel  and  for  a  short  time 
conducted  a  Latin  school,  for  which  the  Dutch  Church  bell  was  rung,  fled 
for  their  lives. 

Under  Fletcher  there  was  an  attempt  made  to  revive  the  Roman  Mission 
in  New  York  but  without  success.  In  1696  it  was  reported  that  there  were 
only  nine  Catholics  in  New  York.  In  1700  with  Bellomont's  approval  the 
Assembly  passed  a  law  excluding  all  Roman  Catholic  priests  from  the 
province.    The  penalty  for  such  as  should  remain  after  November  i,  1700, 


50  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

was  perpetual  imprisonment,  or  death  for  those  who  having  been  im- 
prisoned escaped  and  were  recaptured.  Special  provision  however  was 
made  in  case  of  those  who  should  be  shipwrecked  upon  the  coast  or  acci- 
dentally driven  into  the  province.  There  were  also  penalties  for  those  who 
should  conceal  a  priest  and  arrangements  made  for  the  execution  of  the 
law.  From  that  time  until  the  American  Revolution  Romanism  was  prac- 
tically extinct  in  the  Middle  Colonies. 

The  next  year,  March  5,  1701,  Governor  Bellomont  died  and  was  buried 
in  the  fort.    His  remains  were  transferred  to  St.  Paul's  church  yard  in  1790. 

The  attacks  upon  the  civil  liberties  of  the  Dutch  churches  of  the  prov- 
ince were  drawing  to  a  close.  The  churches  were  soon  to  enter  upon  a 
period  of  external  peace,  which  had  little  disturbance  until  the  Revolu- 
tion. These  final  assaults  were  displayed  by  special  favors  to  the  Episco- 
palians and  in  flattery  toward  non-Anglican  societies  which  showed  a 
tendency  to  conform.  They  were  violent  against  the  so-called  dissenting 
bodies,  and  against  the  Dutch  churches,  protected  by  charter  or  by  treaty, 
they  were  as  subtle  or  as  fierce  as  tyranny  dared  to  make  them. 

These  events  began  under  Lieutenant  Governor  Nanfan,  who  temporarily 
held  the  government  after  Bellomont's  death,  1701-1702,  and  reached  their 
height  under  the  arbitrary  administration  of  Lord  Cornbury,  1702-1708. 

Nanfan  supported  the  Leislerian  party  in  an  attack  upon  the  Dutch 
church  of  New  York.  They  planned  vengeance  upon  some  of  the  leading 
members  of  that  church.  Elder  Bayard  was  only  saved  from  the  scaffold 
by  the  timely  arrival  of  Governor  Cornbury,  who  took  the  other  side  of  the 
dispute. 

Edward  Hyde,  Lord  Cornbury,  third  Earl  of  Clarendon,  cousin  of 
Queen  Ann,  "had  every  vice  of  character  necessary  to  discipline  a  colony 
into  self  reliance  and  resistance."  He  was  of  weak  intellect  and  had  the 
arrogance  of  the  aristocracy  without  its  virtues.  He  thought  that  popular 
rights  existed  only  as  a  condescension,  and  had  no  conception  of  political 
power  except  as  it  emanated  from  a  superior. 

The  English  Government  did  not  allow  Lord  Cornbury  much  freedom 
of  action.  His  commission  and  instructions  were  very  precise.  In  regard 
to  religion  his  commission  said  :  "Wee  doe  by  these  presents  authorize  and 
empower  you  to  collate  any  pron  (person)  or  prons  (persons)  to  any 
churches  or  Chapells  or  other  ecclesiastical  benefices  within  our  said 
province  or  dependencies  aforesaid,  as  often  as  any  of  them  shall  happen 
to  be  void." 

His  Instructions,  so  far  as  they  relate  to  religion  and  morality  are 
practically  an  enlargement  of  those  of  former  governors.  But  to  Corn- 
bury's  narrow  mind  these  Instructions  gave  him  absolute  authority  over  all 
churches  and  schools  of  every  denomination,  and  it  was  his  obstinate 
purpose  to  carry  these  views  into  efifect. 

Cornbury  loudly  proclaimed  his  favor  to  the  Episcopalians  and  under 
pressure  from  him  an  amendment  to  the  Ministry  Act  was  passed  (June 
ip!  ^703)  increasing  the  amount  to  be  raised  in  New  York  City  for  the 
clergy  from  100  to  160  pounds.     Other  efiforts  to  strengthen  the  Act  were 


EMERGING   FROM    THE   STRUGGLE   FOR   CIVIL   FREEDOM  5I 

made  from  time  to  time.  Trinity  Church  also  received  new  incorporation 
June  2"],  1704,  and  the  happy  thought  occurred  to  the  Governor  to  petition 
the  Queen  to  give  the  so-called  Queen's  Farm  to  Trinity  Church.  This 
was  granted   1705. 

This  farm,  the  ancient  property  of  Anneken  Jans,  the  wife  of  Domine 
Bogardus,  had  been  sold  by  her  heirs  in  1671  to  Governor  Lovelace,  and 
after  the  reconquest  of  the  country  by  the  English  in  1674  it  became  the 
property  of  the  Crown.  It  has  been  a  chief  source  of  the  income  of 
Trinity  Church  and  for  years  was  an  occasion  of  jealousy,  resulting  in 
many  law  suits.  In  all  of  these  the  Church  without  exception  was  success- 
ful. 

It  was  during  Cornbury's  administration  that  the  Anglican  Alissionary 
Societ}',  entitled  "The  Society  for  the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign 
Parts,"  began  work  in  America.  Between  1702  and  1705  this  Society  sent 
over  six  Anglican  ministers.  They  were  worthy  men  but  were  deceived  in 
regard  to  the  real  intention  of  the  Ministry  Act  and  disappointed  in  its 
results  for  themselves.  In  many  of  the  places  where  they  attempted  to 
work  Independent  or  Presbyterian  ministers  were  already  officiating.  The 
vestries,  elected  by  popular  vote,  were  generally  composed  of  men  opposed 
to  Episcopal  polity.  Hence  they  frequently  called  non-Anglicans  and  paid 
them  from  the  proceeds  of  the  Ministry  Act,  while  the  Episcopal  clergy 
were  in  distress  from  lack  of  support.  This  had  been  displeasing  to 
Fletcher,  satisfactory  to  Bellomont  and  excited  the  fierce  wrath  of  Corn- 
bury.  The  most  noteworthy  e;(ample  of  this  occurred  at  Jamaica,  L.  I., 
where  the  Governor  attempted  to  force  an  Anglican  minister  upon  an 
unwilling  people.  The  strife  occasioned  lasted  for  many  years  to  the 
great  injury  of  the  Episcopal  Church  and  of  religion  generally.  Cornbury 
also  made  trouble  in  other  Presbyterian  communities  and  attacked  and 
persecuted  individual  Presbyterian  clergymen.  At  this  time  there  were 
about  twenty-two  Presbyterian  churches  in  the  colony,  and  the  Presbytery 
of  Philadelphia  was  organized  in  1705.  The  first  Presbyterian  Church  in 
New  York  City  was  established  in  1717. 

Governor  Cornbury  had  no  more  love  for  Reformed  Churches  than  he 
had  for  Presbyterian,  but  it  was  less  safe  to  attack  them.  He  could  do 
nothing  agairst  the  Dutch  Church  of  New  York  City  because  of  its  charter. 
He  did  however  keep  the  Consistory  in  an  anxious  frame  of  mind  and 
hindered  the  progress  of  its  school.  Even  the  most  humble  Dutch  church 
in  an  obscure  village  trusted  to  the  treaty  rights  of  1664  for  the  protec- 
tion of  its  liberties.  Cornbury  therefore  tried,  if  possible,  to  enslave  the 
Reformed  Churches  through  flattery  rather  than  violence.  By  this  method 
he  was  partially  successful  with  the  French  Reformed  churches  of  the 
province. 

Flattery  failirg,  Cornbury's  ferocious  bigotry  attempted  force  in  the 
outlying  Dutch  communities.  After  the  departure  of  Domine  Nucella 
from  Kingston  in  1704,  that  church  planned  to  call  a  minister  from  Hol- 
land and  so  informed  Cornbury.  To  this  he  made  no  objection.  Later  he 
frightened  the  school  master  of  Kingston  into  accepting  his  license  and 


52  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

sent  the  Rev.  Samuel  Hepburn,  an  Anglican  clergyman  there,  who  was 
received  by  the  people  with  scant  cordiality.  Meanwhile  the  Rev.  Henricus 
Beys,  having  accepted  the  call  from  the  church  of  Kingston  arrived  from 
Holland  in  1706.  Cornbury  for  a  long  time  refused  him  permission  to 
serve  and  a  great  dispute  arose  in  consequence.  Finally,  after  many 
efforts  the  Governor  gave  to  Beys  a  grudging  permission,  and  he  entered 
upon  his  pastorate.  Beys  was  not  successful  in  his  labors  and  returned  to 
Holland  in  1708.  Afterward  he  served  Harlem  and  Fordham  as  an  Epis- 
copalian, but  re-entered  the  Dutch  ministry  in  1713. 

Cornbury's  efforts  to  destroy  the  freedom  of  the  Dutch  Church  was 
revealed  still  more  fully  in  his  treatment  of  the  Dutch  churches  on  Long 
Island.  Domine  Lupardus  of  that  field,  died  in  the  spring  of  1702,  and 
those  churches,  with  the  consent  of  the  Governor,  sent  to  Holland  for  a 
pastor.  Meanwhile  Domine  Freeman,  who  was  pastor  at  Schenectady, 
by  underhanded  methods  obtained  a  call  from  the  church  of  New  Utrecht 
with  a  private  understanding  of  support  from  neighboring  congregations. 

Domine  Antonides  arrived  from  Holland  in  company  with  Beys,  in  1706, 
expecting  to  become  pastor  of  the  combined  churches  on  Long  Island. 
Upon  hearing  of  his  arrrval  Freeman  hastened  to  the  Governor  and  secured 
from  him  a  civil  license  to  preach  in  all  the  Dutch  villages  on  Long  Island. 
Therefore,  when  Antonides  called  upon  the  Governor  to  pay  his  respect, 
he  was  coldly  informed  that  the  fields  on  Long  Island  were  occupied  and 
that  he  could  not  serve  there.  A  violent  quarrel  ensued  which  almost 
disrupted  the  congregations  on  the  Island  and  even  extended  to  the  Dutch 
Church  of  New  York.  Antonides  however  braved  the  tyrant's  wrath  and 
performed  some  of  his  duties.  The  dispute  extended  into  years  and  lasted 
beyond  Cornbury's  time.  After  yielding  many  points  to  Freeman  an  agree- 
ment of  mutual  service  was  arranged  and  the  troubles  died  away.  The 
Classis  of  Amsterdam  sustained  Antonides  and  condemned  Freeman 
throughout  all  this  strife. 

Cornbury's  oppression  drove  many  of  the  Dutch  people  of  New  York 
to  the  valleys  of  the  Raritan  and  the  Millstone  in  New  Jersey.  There  they 
settled  and  founded  churches,  which  later  became  so  flourishing  that  the 
region  was  known  as  "The  garden  of  the  Dutch  Church." 

Events  now  reached  such  a  condition  in  the  province  that  all  parties 
united  against  the  Governor.  On  May  24,  1706,  a  paper  was  prepared  re- 
viewing the  history  of  the  Dutch  churches,  and  the  freedom  of  action  which 
they  had  always  enjoyed  until  Cornbury's  time;  the  harmony  which  had 
existed  between  the  Dutch  and  English  churches,  and  the  recent  acts  of 
tyranny.  They  requested  that  the  Bishop  of  London  might  be  notified  of 
such  ecclesiastical  intolerance.  Nine  hundred  guilders  was  sent  to  Holland 
to  prosecute  the  case  before  the  legal  authorities  in  England.  Cornbury's 
administration  therefore  ended  in  disgrace  in  1708.  After  this  there  was 
no  important  collision  with  the  English  governors  down  to  the  American 
Revolution,  although  the  governors  generally  took  the  false  view  that  the 
Ministry  Act  established  the  Episcopal  Church.  There  were  many  efforts 
made  to  repeal  this  act  but  all  were  unsuccessful  until  the  War  for  In- 
dependence finally  broken  the  union  of  church  and  state. 


EMERGING   FROM    THE   STRUGGLE   FOR   CIVIL   FREEDOM  53  ' 

After  the  end  of  this  prolonged  struggle  against  a  church  establishment 
of  the  minority,  the  thirteen  churches  of  1664  had  increased  to  thirty-four. 
Twenty-three  new  ministers  had  officiated  making  thirty-eight  in  all  from 
the  first  settlement.  Twelve  were  in  service  in  1705.  Like  their  ancestors 
in  Holland  they  throve  by  persecution  and  extracted  victory  from  defeat. 

During  this  period  three  races  were  prominent  upon  the  field  of  the  Re- 
formed Church  in  America.  The  English  were  the  masters  of  the  land 
and  sought  to  set  the  fashions.  The  French  Huguenots,  having  fled 
from  persecution  at  home,  enriched  their  adopted  country  by  their  charac- 
ter and  skill.  All  classes  lived  well,  but  the  Dutch  were  especially  hos- 
pitable and  inclined  to  social  gatherings  and  picnics. 

The  will  and  inventory  of  the  goods  of  Mr.  Peter  J.  Marius.  a  prom- 
inent officer  of  the  Dutch  church,  who  died  in  1703,  reveal  something  of 
the  domestic  arrangements  of  those  fathers  of  the  Reformed  Church  ir^ 
America.  Mr.  Marius  began  life  as  a  Roman  Catholic,  but  leaving  "Blind 
Popery"  he  rose  to  a  leading  place  in  the  Reformed  Church  of  New  York- 
City. 

His  house  stood  on  the  south  side  of  Pearl  street  and  the  inventory  of 
his  estate  accurately  describes  the  house  and  the  contents  of  each  room. 
This  typical  dwelling  of  a  Dutch  burgher  of  the  olden  time,  had  a  store  in 
front  and  a  living  room  behind  it.  Back  of  this  was  a  "great  kitchen" 
with  a  chamber  above,  and  a  little  thatched  room  on  the  left.  There  was 
also  a  small  writing  chamber.  In  the  yard  was  a  great  store  house,  a  small 
store  house  and  a  cellar. 

The  funeral  arrangements  of  Air.  Marius  reveal  the  social  customs  of 
those  days.  On  that  occasion  29  gallions  of  "wyne,"  at  6s,  gd  per  gallion, 
were  consumed.  800  cookies  were  eaten  and  one-half  of  a  vat  of  beer 
was  drunk.  Provision  was  also  made  for  suits  of  mourning,  mourning 
rings  and  gloves. 

In  1702  a  ministerial  society  was  organized  in  the  city  of  New  York, 
This  however  soon  came  to  grief  and  in  1704  Mr.  Neau,  the  catechist  of 
Trinity  Church,  tried  to  revive  it.  Mr.  Peiret,  of  the  French  Church  heart- 
ily approved  it.  Mr.  Vesey,  Rector  of  Trinity  Church,  said  that  it 
savored  too  much  of  secret  assemblies  and  that  he  could  not  join  without 
the  special  permission  of  the  Bishop  of  London.  Domine  DuBois  pleaded 
other  duties  and  damned  it  with  faint  praise.  Mr.  Neau  was  persistent: 
however  and  formed  a  devotional  union  composed  of  seven  persons  which 
met  every  Wednesday.    Of  this  society  pastor  Peiret  became  president. 

On  the  whole  the  tone  of  religion  and  morality  throughout  the  province 
was  low.  All  classes  were  effected  but  the  leaders  in  iniquity  were  the 
English.  The  various  governors  were  bidden  by  their  instructions  to 
maintain  religious  observances  and  outward  decorum  among  the  people. 
Many  times  acts  were  passed  against  drunkenness,  cursing,  swearing  and 
Sabbath  breaking  but  with  little  apparent  effect.  In  1702  one  Jonathan 
Whitehead  was  accused  of  "setting  out  on  a  Journey  with  his  Pourt 
mantel  behind  him  upon  the  Sabbath  day."  He  also  shocked  his  neighbors 
by  declaring  "That  Religion  was  onely  an  Inuention  of  cunning  men  to 


54  '"THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

gett  thaire  liuing  by,"  and  "That  if  it  should  be  ordered  now  as  to  obsarue 
Thursday  in  a  hundred  years  it  would  be  as  Religiously  obsarued  as  the 
Sabbath  now  is — " 

The  same  year  John  Tallman,  a  justice  of  the  peace,  was  deposed  from 
his  office  for  declaring  "That  the  Scriptures  were  not  the  rule  they  being 
wrote  by  sinfull  men  of  like  prassions  as  we  are." 

The  Dutch  Church  labored,  not  without  some  success  against  the  im- 
moralities of  the  time.  It  was  ruled  in  1707  that  no  illegitimate  child 
should  be  baptized  unless  the  parents,  at  least  the  mother,  should  have 
expressed  repentance  from  sin.  Sponsors  were  required  to  be  of  irre- 
proachable character  and  known  as  Christians,  and  they  must  promise  to 
bring  up  the  child  in  the  true  Christian  doctrine  and  the  fear  of  the  Lord. 

The  religious  condition  of  the  negroes  throughout  the  colony  was  de- 
plorable. Many  masters  did  not  wish  their  slaves  to  be  converted  and  be 
baptized  for  fear  they  would  gain  their  freedom  thereby.  But  in  1706 
a  law  was  passed  to  encourage  the  baptism  of  negro,  Indian  and  mulatto 
slaves.  This  law  distinctly  declared  that  baptism  would  not  secure  their 
freedom.  It  is  probable  that  their  condition  was  better  in  the  country 
regions  than  in  the  city  pf  New  York. 

Although  the  Indians  were  decreasing  in  number,  they  retained  their 
■wild  tastes.  But  from  familiarity  with  the  whites  they  lost  their  reverence 
for  them.  They  were  free  in  their  criticisms  declaring  that  it  was  a 
.greater  sin  for  a  white  man  to  get  drunk  than  for  an  Indian,  for  the  white 
Tnan's  religion  forbade  it  and  the  Indian's  did  not.  They  said  that  it  was 
not  worth  while  for  them  to  become  Christians  because  the  Christians 
themselves  did  not  follow  the  principles  of  their  religion.  Nevertheless 
Domine  Dellius  of  Albany  labored  much  among  them,  restrained  their 
■cruel  treatment  of  captured  enemies,  and  brought  many  of  them  into  the 
fellowship  of  the  Reformed  Church. 

AUTHORITIES  FOR  THE  SECOND  PERIOD. 

The   following  is  a  list  of  original  documents  and   important   histories 
upon  which  the  narrative  of  the  Second  Period  is  based. 
Anderson,  J.  S.  M.     History  of  the  Church  of  England  in  the  Colonies, 

3  vol,  2d  ed.,  London,  1856. 
Baird,  C.  W.    A  History  of  the  Huguenot  Emigration  to  America,  2  vol., 
1885. 

Monograph  on  Daille. 
Berian.     History  of  Trinity  Church. 
'Briggs,  C.  A.     American  Presbyterianism,  N.  Y.,  1885. 
terodhead,  J.  R.    History  of  the  State  of  New  York,  2  vol.,  N.  Y.,  1853. 
Centennial  Discourses  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,  N.  Y.,  1877. 
Corwin,  E.  T.    American  Church  History  Series,  Vol.  VIII. 

Ecclesiastical  Records  of  the  State  of  New  York,  6  vols,  and   Index, 
Albany,  1901-1905. 

Manual  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,  4th  ed.,  1902. 


EMERGING   FROM    THE    STRUGGLE    FOR    CIVIL    FREEDOM  55 

Dankers  and  Sluyter,  Journal  of  a  Voyage  to  New  York,  1679,  Brooklyn, 

1867. 
Dix.     History  of  the  Parish  of  Trinity  Church,  4  vol.,  1898-1906. 
Fowler.     Constitutional   and   Legal   History   of   New   York,   in   Memorial 

History  of  New  York. 
Miller,  John.     A  Description  of   the   Province  and   City  of   New   York, 

London,  1843. 
Munsell.    Annals  of  Albany. 

Murphy,  H.  C.    Anthology  of  New  Netherland,  N.  Y.,  1865. 
Lamb,  M.    History  of  New  York,  2  vols.,  1877. 
Laws  and  Ordinances  of  New  Netherland,  1638-1674,  O'Callaghan,  Albany, 

1868. 
New  York,  Documentary  History  of  the   State  of,  O'Callaghan,  Albany, 

1849-1851,  4  vols. 
New  York,  Documents  Relative  to  the  Colonial  History  of  the  State  of, 

procured  in  Holland,  England  and  France  by  J.  R.  Brodhead,  ed.  by 

E.  B.  O'Callaghan,  Albany,  1856-1861,  10  vols. 
New  York,  Council  Minutes,  ed.  by  V.  H.  Paltsits,  1910. 
Perry,  W.   S.     History  of  the  American  Episcopal  Church,    1587-1883,  2 

vol.,  Boston,  1885. 
Riker,  J.    Harlem,  Its  Origin  and  Early  Annals,  N.  Y.,  1904. 
Smith,  Wm.    History  of  the  Province  of  New  York  till  1742,  Albany,  1814. 
Tiffany,  C.  C.     History  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United 

States  of  America.    American  Church  History  Series,  Vol.  VH.,  1895. 
Van  Rensselaer,  S.     History  of  the  City  of  New  York  in  the  Seventeenth 

Century,  2  vol.,  N.  Y.,  1909. 
Wolley,  C.    Journal  of  Two  Years  in  New  York  and  Part  of  its  Territories 

in  America,  London,  1701. 
Year  Books  of  the  Collegiate  Church  of  New  York,  1880-1921. 


THIRD  PERIOD 


THE  STRUGGLE  OF  THE  CHURCH  FOR  ECCLESIASTICAL 
FREEDOM,   1708-1792. 


CHAPTER  X. 

GROWTH    OF    THE    CHURCH    TOWARD    ECCLESIASTICAL 
FREEDOM,   1708-1747. 

Nearly  a  hundred  years  had  rolled  away  since  the  West  India  Company 
had  received  its  charter  "to  build  forts,  plant  settlements,  prosecute  trade 
and  assist  in  crushing  piracy  and  the  common  enemy."  Within  this  period 
the  country  had  advanced  from  the  condition  of  a  tangled  wilderness,  in 
which  the  first  Dutch  Domine  could  scarcely  find  sufficient  food  for  his 
motherless  children,  to  the  state  of  a  flourishing  colony  under  the  British 
Crown.  The  land  was  not  yet  crowded,  but  in  the  midst  of  the  woods  were 
many  prosperous  farms  and  growing  villages.  The  population  had  in- 
creased from  a  few  hundred  to  about  forty  thousand,  of  whom  nearly  one- 
fourth  lived  in  the  city  of  New  York. 

With  the  conquest  of  the  forest  came  better  means  of  transportation 
and  communication.  With  trade  came  wealth  and  culture  was  her  hand- 
maid. Some  of  the  people  were  becoming  freed  from  a  struggle  for  a  bare 
existence  and  were  taking  more  thought  than  before  was  possible,  for  the 
things  of  the  mind  and  spirit.  People  were  having  their  portraits  painted 
and  collections  of  books  were  becoming  common.  There  was  the  beginning 
of  a  native  literature  and  the  first  newspaper  in  the  middle  colonies  was 
about  to  be  born. 

As  a  result  of  these  conditions  a  new  air  of  freedom  was  breathing  over 
the  land.  Pride  of  citizenship  was  felt  and  there  appeared  the  rudiments 
of  a  civic  conscience.  This  spirit  caused  much  political  wrangling  and 
the  Royal  Governors  found  their  lot  made  bitter  by  the  independent  atti- 
tude of  the  popular  assemblies. 

The  Governors'  Instructions  still  authorized  them  to  induct  ministers 
into  vacant  charges,  but  such  directions  had  become  obsolete.  In  such  an 
atmosphere  Episcopacy  did  not  flourish,  but  the  various  so-called  dissent- 
ing bodies  grew  apace. 

Mid-way  between  the  Episcopal  Church,  which  tried  to  claim  establish- 
ment, and  the  dissenting  churches,  stood  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church. 
They  had  special  protection  under  the  treaty  rights  of  1664  and  some  of 
the  larger  of  them  already  had  or  were  securing  charters.     But  they  felt 

56 


GROWTH    TOWARD    ECCLESIASTICAL    FREEDOM  57 

the  pressure  of  the  growing  English  element  in  almost  all  their  congrega- 
tions. Their  supreme  ecclesiastical  authority,  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam, 
was  far  away  and  unable  to  appreciate  the  changing  conditions  in  the 
New  World.  Ministers  were  scarce  and  many  of  the  more  distant  churches 
could  have  services  only  three  or  four  times  a  year.  As  early  as  1694 
Guilliam  Bartholf,  who  had  been  a  catechist  and  schoolmaster  at  Hacken- 
sack,  had  gone  to  Holland  for  ordination.  But  it  was  already  felt  that  his 
example  was  too  difficult  to  be  in  general  followed.  By  special  permission 
of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  the  New  York  ministers  in  1729  ordained 
John  Philip  Boehme  to  serve  among  the  Germans  of  Pennsylvania,  but  this 
act  was  not  to  be  taken  as  a  precedent.  Because  they  were  not  allowed 
American  ordination  and  were  unable  to  go  to  Holland  for  that  ceremony, 
some  worthy  young  men  were  lost  to  the  Reformed  Church  and  some  men 
of  unfit  character  were  able  to  impose  themselves  upon  the  more  ignorant 
congregations.  The  most  conspicuous  example  of  such  imposition  was 
John  Van  Driessen,  who  was  ordained  by  the  Congregationalists  of  New 
England  in  1727. 

During  this  period  large  numbers  of  Germans  and  a  few  Swiss,  driven 
from  their  homes  by  persecution,  settled  in  central  New  York,  central  New 
Jersey,  and  in  eastern  Pennsylvania.  About  1730  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam 
took  charge  of  them,  and  this  oversight  continued  until  1793  when  the  Ger- 
man Reformed  Church  became  ecclesiastically  independent. 

After  long  apparent  declension  and  secret  preparation  of  the  Spirit  of 
God,  the  time  came  for  the  revival  of  American  Christianity,  and  to  the 
surprise  of  friend  and  foe  the  churches  of  the  New  World  blossomed 
forth  in  fresh  life. 

The  history  of  the  Great  Awakening  is  well  known.  The  preaching 
of  Edwards  and  his  companions  aroused  the  Congregationalists  of  New 
England.  Among  the  Presbyterians  of  the  Middle  Colonies  the  influences 
which  went  forth  from  the  Log  College  of  William  Tennent  at  Neshaminy 
watered  the  land.  From  south  to  north  rode  George  Whitefield  preaching 
the  Gospel  in  demonstration  of  the  Spirit  and  in  power.  There  was  hardly 
a  denomination  in  the  country  which  was  not  influenced  by  the  revival. 
But  such  effects  varied  greatly  in  degree  and  kind  according  to  the  cir- 
cumstances and  the  genius  of  the  denomination.  Many  of  the  ministers 
of  the  Reformed  Church  were  opposed  to  all  evangelistic  activity,  chief 
among  whom  was  Domine  Boel  of  New  York.  On  the  other  hand  Domine 
Theodore  J.  Frelinghuysen,  who  had  begun  labor  in  central  New  Jersey 
in  1720,  was  the  leading  spirit  of  Reformed  Church  evangelism.  Misunder- 
stood and  persecuted  he  persevered  in  preaching  with  large  results,  even 
many  of  his  enemies  being  converted.  He  was  the  first  Reformed  pastor 
who  began  to  train  up  young  men  for  the  ministry.  He  was  probably  the 
first  Dutch  minister  in  America  who  favored  the  idea  of  independence  from 
the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  He  however  sent  his  own  sons,  Theodore  and 
John,  to  Holland  for  education  and  ordination.' 


'His  opponents  published  a  complaint  ("Klagte")  in  1725  against  him, 
in  a  volume  of  150  pages.  Peace  was  not  secured  until  the  fall  of  1734. 
See  Ecc.  Records  of  N.  Y.,  which  is  very  full  on  these  matters. 


\58  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA 

Associated  with  Frelinghuysen  in  his  evangelistic  campaign  were  Bar- 
tholf,  Van  Santvoord  and  others.  Domine  DuBois,  the  colleague  of  the 
great  opponent,  Boel,  in  New  York,  was  much  perplexed,  but  finally  prac- 
tically took  the  side  of  the  evangelists,  sitting  upon  the  platform  with 
Whitefield  when  he  preached  in  New  York. 

The  intense  activity  of  the  Great  Awakening  passed,  but  three  perman- 
ent results  remained. 

The  first  result  was  a  great  spiritual  quickening  of  the  churches,  which 
largely  augmented  their  number  and  their  membership.  In  New  Eng- 
land about  one  hundred  and  fifty  new  churches  were  organized,  and  the 
increase  of  members  amounted  to  seven  per  cent  of  the  population.  In 
the  Middle  colonies  the  number  of  ministers  doubled  but  could  not  keep 
pace  with  the  growth  of  the  churches.  The  Dutch  Reformed  churches  in- 
creased about  one-third,  making  now  sixty-five  in  all.  This  growth  further 
emphasized  the  need  of  more  ministers. 

The  second  result  was  a  great  enlargement  alohg  missionary  and  educa- 
tional lines.  Dartmouth  College  was  founded  as  a  school  for  Indians  and 
Princeton  College  was  the  direct  child  of  the  revival.  During  this  era 
the  Dutch  Church,  und^  the  leadership  of  Frelinghuysen,  first  began  to 
feel  a  desire  for  a  higher  institution  of  learning,  but  this  met  with  much 
opposition  and  the  Church  of  New  York  City  was  for  a  long  time  opposed 
to  the  plan. 

The  third  result  was  the  influence  tending  toward  religious  and  political 
liberty.  The  revival  laid  emphasis  on  the  grand  principles  of  Christianity 
rather  than  on  the  theological  distinctions  previously  valued.  From  that 
time  rival  sects  learned  Christian  charity  as  never  before.  The  effect  upon 
political  liberty  was  indirect.  The  growth  of  the  religious  convictions  of 
the  people  served  as  a  balance  to  the  political  revolution  and  prevented  it 
from  being  hurled  into  that  vortex  of  anarchy  and  ruin  in  which  the 
French  Revolution  was  swallowed  up. 

One  of  the  great  elements  in  the  influence  tending  toward  religious 
freedom  was  the  loosening  the  bonds  which  united  the  churches  in  America 
to  the  old  ecclesiastical  systems  of  Europe.  This  was  especially  marked 
within  the  Reformed  Church.  Wise  men,  both  in  Holland  and  America, 
realized  that  if  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  was  to  grow,  or  even  to 
hold, her  own,  some  form  of  organization  for  quick  action  was  necessary. 
But  the  conservatives  were  opposed  to  this. 

About  this  time,  1736,  the  Consistory  of  Schoharie,  N.  Y.,  wrote  to  the 
Classis  of  Amsterdam  desiring  permission  to  ordain  Johannes  Schuyler, 
who  had  been  laboring  among  them.  The  favorable  reply  was  long  delayed 
and  in  the  mean  Domine  Haeghoort,  who  had  encouraged  the  Schoharie 
Consistory  in  their  action,  became  impatient  and  formed  the  plan  of  a 
Coetus  or  ecclesiastical  assembly.  He  wrote  letters  on  this  subject  to  vari- 
ous churches,  and  especially  to  the  Consistory  of  New  York.  That  body, 
after  mature  deliberation,  issued  a  circular  invitation  to  all  the  Dutch 
churches  of  the  neighborhood  to  send  representatives  to  a  conference  to 
l?e  held  in  New  York,  Sept.  5,  1737.     They  also  informed  the  Classis  of 


GROWTH   TOWARD   ECCLESIASTICAL   FREEDOM  59 

Amsterdam  of  their  action.  At  the  appointed  time  the  conference  as- 
sembled and  spent  several  days  in  consideration  of  the  various  points  pre- 
sented. There  was  much  discussion  and  marked  difiference  of  opinion 
developed.  But  as  a  result  of  the  debate  two  general  articles  were  adopted. 
The  first  treated  of  the  membership  of  the  Coetus  under  six  heads.  The 
second  treated  of  the  business  to  be  transacted  under  thirteen  heads.  Mat- 
ters were  then  referred  back  to  the  churches  for  consideration,  and  a 
meeting  to  consider  their  desires  was  appointed  to  be  held  in  New  York, 
April  27,  1738. 

At  this  second  meeting  a  draft  of  a  Coetus  Constitution  was  prepared 
to  be  sent  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  for  their  examination  and  approval. 
Meanwhile  both  the  friends  and  enemies  of  a  Coetus  in  America  had  been 
busy.  Before  and  after  this  conference  they  loaded  the  tables  of  the 
•Classis  with  their  letters  favorable  and  adverse  to  the  plan.  The  Classis 
.at  first  seemed  favorable  but  the  opposition  gradually  gained  the  ascendency 
in  that  body.  On  April  6,  1739,  they  approved  a  Coetus  for  New  York 
provided  it  remained  strictly  subordinate  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  and 
did  not  examine  or  ordain  candidates.  Such  action  forbade  any  useful 
activity  on  the  part  of  the  Coetus,  along  the  lines  in  which  its  service  was 
most  necessary.  The  friends  of  the  American  Church  were  put  to  grief, 
and  the  foes  of  progress  rejoiced. 

Domine  DuBois,  who  had  presided  at  the  conference  in  New  York  in 
1738,  attempted  to  organize  another  meeting  to  consider  what  should  be 
done  to  develop  the  American  Dutch  churches  but  nothing  came  of  it,  and 
the  Reformed  Church  of  America  remained  for  the  time  in  uneasy  and 
cramping  subordination  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam. 

Connected  with  the  tendency  toward  ecclesiastical  freedom  a  spirit  of 
innovation  was  appearing.  Old  methods  and  usages  were  being  questioned 
and  in  some  cases  cast  aside.  The  first  organ  ever  heard  in  a  Reformed 
Church  in  America,  the  gift  of  Governor  Burnet  to  the  Dutch  Church  of 
New  York  in  1727,  was  sending  forth  its  music  from  the  Garden  Street 
church.  New  York  City.  The  character  and  meaning  of  the  sacraments, 
Baptism  and  the  Lord's  Supper  became  topics  for  discussion.  The  disputes 
aroused  by  Frelinghuysen's  activity  led  to  a  pamphlet  war,  in  which  sev- 
eral Reformed  ministers  became  writers.  Some  of  the  younger  people 
complained  of  the  exclusive  use  of  the  Dutch  language  in  the  services  of 
the  church  and  longed  for  the  introduction  of  English.  The  Liturgy, 
Psalms  and  Hymns  of  the  Dutch  Church  translated  into  English  were  to  be 
purchased  in  New  York  about  the  year  1745,  but  their  use  was  seldom,  if 
ever,  allowed  in  the  sanctuary.  There  were  also  complaints  that  the 
ministers  preached  too  long,  and  in  the  case  of  the  Dutch  Church  of  New 
York  at  least,  the  ancient  Dutch  custom,  which  decreed  that  the  sexes 
should  sit  apart  in  the  sanctuary  was  broken,  and  families  began  to  occupy 
pews  together.  It  was  a  period  of  transition  with  all  the  characteristics 
for  good  and  ill,  which  mark  such  a  time. 

During  this  interim  of  delay  eight  new  ministers  began  their  labors  ;  five 
had  come  from  Holland;  two  American  youths  had  returned  from  Holland 


60  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

where  they  had  gone  for  ordination,  viz.,  Fryenmoet  and  Theodore  Frel- 
inghuysen,  Jr.,  afterward  of  Albany.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen,  Sr.,  had 
privately  and  in  an  irregular  manner  ordained  Goetschius.  Among  the 
new  comers  from  Holland  was  Domine  John  Ritzema  (1744)  who  was 
destined  to  play  an  important  part  in  the  future  activities  of  the  Reformed 
Church.  Twenty-three  ministers  remained  in  the  country  and  two  new 
churches  were  organized. 


CHAPTER  XL 

THE  FIRST  PERIOD  OF  INDEPENDENCE,  THE  COETUS, 

1747-1754. 

Although  the  Coetus  proposed  in  1738  had  failed  of  accomplishment, 
the  desire  for  it  did  not  die.  The  correspondence  proves  that  both  the 
Classis  of  Amsterdam  and  the  ministers  in  America  were  agreed  as  to 
the  importance  of  some  kind  of  organization  among  the  American  Dutch 
churches.  They  differed  however  as  to  the  extent  of  libertj  advisable. 
Finally  in  1747  the  Rev.  Ulpianus  Van  Sinderen  came  from  Holland 
bringing  directions  for  the  American  churches  to  organize  a  Coetus.  Hav- 
ing received  these  letters  the  Consistory  of  New  York  City  issued  a  call  to 
the  churches  to  meet  as  the  guests  of  that  Church  in  New  York  City  on 
the  second  Tuesday  in  September,  1747. 

This  meeting  organized  itself  into  a  Coetus,  which  was  to  be  composed 
of  delegates,  both  ministers  and  elders  from  every  church ;  it  acknowledged 
its  subordination  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  and  provided  only  for  the 
transaction  of  ecclesiastical  business.  Yet  it  established  Circles,  of  neigh- 
boring congregations,  to  which  all  local  questions  were  first  to  be  sub- 
mitted. It  also  stipulated  that  all  ministers,  hereafter  arriving,  should 
belong  to  the  Coetus. 

The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  approved  of  this  Coetus  but  was  still  re- 
luctant to  allow  it  to  perform  the  duty  most  necessary,  to  ordain  the 
ministry.  As  its  sessions  multiplied  thoughtful  ministers  became  more  and 
more  dissatisfied  with  its  shadowy  authority.  They  became  disgusted 
with  its  quarrels,  and  its  ordinations,  dependent  upon  long  delayed  and 
often  unwilling  permission  from  Holland.  The  death  of  two  sons  of  Rev. 
Theodore  J.  Frelinghuysen  returning  from  their  studies  in  Europe,  em- 
phasized the  necessity  for  easy  American  ordinations. 

Therefore  with  feelings  of  perplexity  the  delegates  assembled  at  the 
Coetus  of  September,  1753.  At  this  meeting  Domine  Haeghoort  proposed 
that  the  Coetus  devise  some  means  for  the  improvement  of  its  organiza- 
tion. This  proposition  can  refer  to  nothing  else  than  the  turning  of  the 
Coetus  into  a  Classis,  and,  as  is  proven  by  the  correspondence,  was  so 
understood.  The  Assembly  agreed  to  undertake  the  necessary  modifica- 
tions at  the  next  meeting  of  the  Coetus. 

No  one  can  tell  what  were  the  thoughts  in  Dutch  hearts  or  changes  of 
opinion  in  Dutch  Church  circles  between  the  meeting  of  the  Coetus  of 
1753  and  that  of  1754.  During  the  year  the  Consistory  of  New  York 
suddenly  developed  hostility  to  the  Coetus,  and  requested  their  ministers 

61 


62  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

no  longer  to  attend  its  meetings.  Domine  Ritzema  however  replied  that 
he  must  follow  his  own  judgment. 

In  spite  of  this  feeling  of  the  Consistory  the  Coetus  met  as  guests  of  the 
Church  of  New  York  on  Sept.  17,  1754,  and  Domine  Ritzema  presided. 
The  question  of  turning  the  Coetus  into  a  Classis  was  discussed,  and  it  was 
resolved  that  Ritzema  was  to  send  a  plan  of  such  a  Classis  to  each 
church.  "Whereupon  the  Rev.  Assembly  well  contented  by  reason  of  the 
excellent  harmony  and  love  which  had  prevailed,  adjourned  with  thanks- 
giving and  prayer  to  God." 

Almost  immediately  the  hostility  of  the  Church  of  New  York  to  the 
Coetus  burst  forth.  Domine  Ritzema  wrote  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam 
but  entirely  omitted  mention  of  the  most  important  action  of  the  Coetus,. 
the  plan  to  turn  it  into  a  Classis.  As  secretary  of  the  Coetus  he  sent  their 
circular  asking  for  the  approval  of  a  Classis  to  the  various  Dutch  churches.. 
But  with  it  he  enclosed  the  resolutions  of  his  own  Consistory  in  opposition.. 
He  also  personally  exerted  himself  against  the  change.  This  strange  con- 
duct discouraged  the  friends  of  ecclesiastical  independence,  encouraged 
its  enemies,  and  astonished  all.  By  this  action  the  whole  Dutch  Church 
in  America  was  suddenly  divided  into  two  warring  factions,  and  Domine 
Ritzema,  before  he  realized  his  position,  was  thrust  into  the  leadership  of 
the  ultra-conservatives. 

The  reasons  for  this  sudden  change  in  the  attitude  of  Domine  Ritzema 
and  his  Consistory  are  obscure,  but  were  probably  connected  with  his  ambi- 
tion for  a  professorship  in  the  College  which  the  Episcopalians  were 
founding.  Domine  Ritzema  was  on  intimate  terms  with  the  Episcopal 
party.  He  was  much  interested  in  the  foundation  of  their  college.  Against 
the  general  opinion  in  Dutch  Church  circles  he  approved  of  the  application 
of  state  money  for  this  sectarian  use  and  he  qualified  as  a  trustee.  While 
his  brethren  in  the  Dutch  Church  were  discussing  the  best  methods  of 
educating  young  men  for  the  Dutch  ministry  and  were  beginning  to  talk 
of  founding  a  college,  he  conceived  the  idea  of  uniting  the  Dutch  with  the 
English  in  founding  King's  College,  and  of  giving  the  Dutch  a  divinity 
professorship  therein.  To  this  chair  he  hoped  to  be  appointed.  He  there- 
fore persuaded  his  Consistory  to  petition  the  Assembly  to  have  a  clause  re- 
garding the  Dutch  professorship  inserted  in  the  charter.  This  was  done 
but  .by  an  intentional  oversight  the  charter  which  was  signed  by  Gov- 
ernor DeLancey  omitted  that  clause.  This  greatly  chagrined  Ritzema  and 
his  Consistory,  but  pleased  that  large  party  in  the  Dutch  Church  which 
desired  a  college  of  their  own.' 

Full  of  enthusiasm  for  a  Dutch  Church  college,  Domine  Theodore  Fre- 
linghuysen  of  Albany  saddled  his  horse  in  January,  1755,  and  made  the 
journey  down  the  western  side  of  the  Hudson  to  New  York  and  back  on 
the  eastern.  He  stopped  at  all  the  churches  by  the  way  and  sought  to 
arouse  enthusiasm  for  a  Dutch  College.  The  next  spring  Domine  Ritzema 
without  consulting  his  Consistory  privately  petitioned  the  Governor  to 
amend  the  charter  of  King's  College  so  that  the  Consistory  of  the  Dutch 


^This  matter  is  treated  much  more  fully  In  the  Manual  of  1902. 


THE    FIRST    PERIOD   OF    INDEPENDENCE,    THE    COETUS  63 

Church  might  nominate  a  man  for  a  Dutch  professorship  therein.  This 
the  Governor  did  and  the  charter  was  so  printed. 

Meantime  Theodore  Frelinghuysen  of  Albany  took  upon  himself  to  call 
a  meeting  of  the  Coetus  in  New  York  in  May,  1755.  The  Dutch  Church 
of  New  York  did  not  entertain  this  gathering  and  was  unrepresented  at 
its  sessions.  The  grand  object  of  this  Coetus  was  to  request  the  Synod  of 
North  Holland  to  transform  it  into  a  Classis  and  also  to  seek  advice  about 
establishing  a  Dutch  college  in  America.  A  petition  to  Holland  was  pre- 
pared and  Rev.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen  was  commissioned  to  carry  it 
across  the  sea.  This  unfruitful  mission  he  accomplished  at  a  later  day  and 
was  lost  on  his  return  home  in  1761. 

The  summer  of  1755  was  a  trying  time  for  Domine  Ritzema.  His  at- 
titude toward  the  Coetus  assembly  in  May  provoked  much  unfavorable 
comment,  and  the  story  of  his  personal  petition  for  a  Dutch  professorship 
in  King's  college  was  the  talk  of  the  town.  The  members  of  his  Consistory, 
while  not  displeased  at  his  attitude  toward  the  Coetus,  were  very  much 
aggrieved  at  his  familiarity  with  the  Episcopalians,  and  especially  at  his 
application  to  the  Governor  without  their  approval. 

On  August  II,  1755.  they  entered  a  resolution  of  disapproval  of  Domine 
Ritzema's  conduct  upon  their  records  and  permitted  him  to  record  his 
reply. 

The  turmoil  was  now  at  its  height.  There  was  the  wider  struggle  be- 
tween the  Anglicans  with  their  state  supported,  sectarian  college  and  the 
dissenters.  In  this  Domine  Ritzgma,  although  his  natural  affiliations  were 
with  the  dissenters,  was  classed  with  the  Anglicans  and  mistrusted  by  both 
parties.  The  Dutch  Divinity  professorial  chair,  to  which  he  aspired  had 
been  founded  but  displeasure  at  his  conduct  made  his  election  thereto 
impossible  and  it  stood  empty. 

There  was  also  the  narrower  struggle  with  the  Dutch  Church  con- 
cerning the  organization  of  a  Classis  and  the  method  of  ministerial  educa- 
tion. This  had  been  precipitated  by  Domine  Ritzema  and  his  Consistory 
when  they  disrupted  the  Coetus. 

Looking  back  from  the  vantage  ground  of  the  twentieth  century  upon  the 
failure  of  the  united  Coetus,  first  organized  in  1737,  revived  in  1747  and 
continued  until  1754,  we  can  see  more  clearly  than  the  members  of  that 
body  what  was  the  primal  trouble  with  the  first  ecclesiastical  organization 
of  the  Dutch  Reformed  churches  in  America. 

The  basal  cause  of  these  difficulties  was  geographical  isolation.  America 
in  the  eighteenth  century  was  far  from  Europe.  The  generation  which 
came  from  the  Fatherland  brought  some  of  the  Old  World  culture  with 
them,  but  their  children  and  their  children's  children  were  brought  up  in 
the  woods  without  proper  educational  advantages.  Hence  the  average 
member  of  the  Dutch  Church,  especially  in  the  rural  districts,  had  the 
narrow  outlook  6f  an  ignorant  man. 

The  cultured  ministers  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  were  unable  to  ap- 
preciate the  view  point  of  the  American  woodsman  or  to  sympathize  with 
his  needs.     They  were  also  prevented  by  distance  from  exercising  a  quick 


64  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

and  intelligent  control  over  the  American  churches.  The  more  refined 
Holland  ministers,  seldom  were  willing  to  come  to  such  a  frontier  of 
civilization  as  the  provinces  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey.  When  such 
a  one  did  come,  he  remained,  if  possible,  in  the  larger  towns,  and  was 
slow  to  learn  the  needs  of  the  country  churches.  Hence  the  rural  regions 
frequently  became  the  stamping  ground  of  unqualified  or  unworthy  men. 
The  American  youth  who  could  go  to  Europe  were  few,  and  those  who 
were  ordained  in  America  were  apt  to  have  the  conceit  of  little  knowledge. 
It  took  many  years  to  overcome  the  handicap  of  ocean  and  forest. 


CHAPTER  XII. 
PROGRESS  AND  REACTION,  1754-1768. 

The  quarrel  which  arose  within  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  in  America 
at  the  disruption  of  the  Coetus  in  1754  is  known  as  the  Coetus-Conferentie 
controversy.  It  lasted  from  1754  to  1771  and  brought  the  Church  so  low 
that  many  of  her  wisest  friends  despaired  of  her  life,  and  her  growth 
was  stunted  for  several  generations. 

The  Coetus  party  proposed  to  become  an  independent  classis  with  full 
power  to  ordain  young  Americans  for  the  Dutch  American  churches. 
With  this  object  in  view  they  planned  to  found  a  college  at  which  students 
could  be  prepared  for  the  ministry.  This  party  claimed  a  majority  of  the 
ministers  and  was  composed  chiefly  of  the  younger  American  elements  of 
the  Reformed  Church.  They  were  pious  in  life  and  evangelistic  in  method. 
Rev.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen  of  Albany  was  the  leader  until  his  death  in 
1761,  when  the  Rev.  Samuel  Verbryck  of  Tappan  inherited  his  position. 

The  minority  party  was  called  the  Conferentie.  It  was  composed  of 
the  older  Holland  born  ministers.  They  possessed  the  weight  of  scholar- 
ship which  was  thought  sometimes  to  hinder  their  usefulness.  They  de- 
sired to  remain  in  strict  subordination  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  Yet 
even  they  admitted  that  some  kind  of  organization  was  necessary  for  the 
American  churches  and  they  devised  various  plans  for  the  education  of 
American  ministers.  Of  these  the  proposal  to  have  a  Dutch  divinity  pro- 
fessorship in  King's  college,  was  the  chief. 

Rev.  Johannes  Ritzema,  senior  pastor  of  the  Dutch  Church  of  New 
York  City,  was  the  unofficial  leader  of  the  Conferentie.  In  this  he  was 
strongly  seconded  by  his  colleague,  Domine  DeRonde,  but  his  Consistory 
attempted  to  hold  aloof  from  the  controversy.  Ritzema  became  very  un- 
popular with  the  Coetus  party  and  was  accused  of  "many  works  of  dark- 
ness." 

After  the  disruption  of  the  Coetus  in  1754  the  body  which  inherited  that 
name  continued  to  hold  meetings  in  New  York,  but  no  longer  as  the  guest 
of  the  New  York  Dutch  Church.  They  advanced  in  boldness,  and,  for  the 
members  of  the  Coetus  at  least,  independence  became  an  accomplished  fact. 
At  their  own  discretion  they  ordained  young  men  for  the  ministry.  Mean- 
time Frelinghuysen  was  busy  obtaining  signatures  to  his  petition  for  a 
Classis  and  college  which  he  proposed  to  take  to  Holland  and  present  in 
person  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam. 

From  time  to  time  Domine  Ritzema  gathered  the  so-called  Conferentie 
party  in  the  Consistory  Room  of  the  Garden  Street  Church,  New  York 
City.      They   attempted   no    organization    and   as   j'et   met    without   elders. 

65 


66  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

They  were  fierce  in  their  denunciation  of  their  opponents.  Three  years 
later  he  invited  those  ministers  who  had  never  belonged  to  the  Coetus 
to  join  them  and  thus  the  number  of  the  Conferentie  was  increased  to 
eight  but  they  were  still  a  minority. 

Both  parties  were  anxious  to  obtain  the  approval  of  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam,  and  many  were  the  letters,  filled  with  complaints,  which 
choked  the  eastbound  mail. 

The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  were  sorely  perplexed  with  this  Correspond- 
ence. They  attempted  to  remain  neutral  but  found  it  impossible.  At  first 
they  sided  with  Ritzema  and  were  displeased  with  the  independent  at- 
titude of  the  Coetus  and  at  the  proposal  for  an  American  college.  In  the 
summer  of  1756  the  Classis  presented  the  whole  matter  to  the  Synod  of 
North  Holland,  which  supported  the  side  of  the  Conferentie.  This  was  of 
course  agreeable  to  Ritzema  and  his  party. 

The  strife  now  seemed  hopeless.  Churches  were  divided  and  neighboring 
ministers  were  at  variance  with  each  other.  The  outlook  for  the  Reformed 
Church  in  America  seemed  dark  indeed. 

From  the  beginning  of  the  trouble  the  more  thoughtful  men  of  both 
parties  desired  to  find  &  common  ground  for  peace.  During  the  summer 
of  1757  definite  efiforts  were  made  in  that  direction  but  without  result. 
The  next  year  by  the  advice  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  the  attempts  were 
renewed.  After  long  delays  a  conference  met  on  May  6,  1760.  At  this 
the  Conferentie  made  three  proposals:  ist.  They  stated  that  they  acted 
in  obedience  to  the  Classis  in  proposing  peace.  2d.  They  said  that  they 
could  not  yield  in  important  matters  to  majority  rule  but  must  refer  to  the 
Classis.  3d.  They  declared  that  they  could  not  acknowledge  the  Coetus 
ordinations  except  when  full  power  had  been  given  by  Classis. 

The  Coetus  felt  that  to  adopt  these  articles  would  seriously  wrong  the 
young  men  who  had  accepted  their  ordination  in  good  faith  and  nothing 
came  of  it. 

About  three  months  later  Domine  Leydt  of  New  Brunswick  published  a 
booklet,  entitled  "True  Liberty  the  Way  to  Peace."  In  this  he  gave  a 
history  of  the  dispute  and  argued  in  behalf  of  the  Coetus'  right  to  ordain 
and  for  majority  rule.  Domines  Ritzema  and  DeRonde  sent  an  unfavorable 
report  of  this  pamphlet  to  the  Classis  and  Ritzema  published  a  reply  to  it. 
This  reply  brought  out  from  Leydt  a  "Defence  of  True  Liberty  the  Way  to 
Peace."  Feb.  19,  1762.  In  this  he  argued  against  the  points  made  by 
Ritzema  and  rather  failed  in  charity  toward  his  opponent. 

Ritzema  showed  restraint  in  allowing  ten  months  to  pass  before  he  made 
an  answer.  He  then  published  an  elaborate  discussion  of  the  whole  sub- 
ject and  of  his  own  relation  to  it.  He  also  went  fully  into  the  relative 
merits  of  the  Coetus  and  Conferentie  pastors. 

Frelinghuysen  made  his  journey  in  behalf  of  the  American  Classis  and 
college  to  Holland  in  1759.  He  was  unsuccessful  in  his  efiforts  and  was 
drowned  on  his  return  journey  two  years  later.  His  labors  in  Holland 
were  continued  by  Rev.  Jacob  R.  Hardenberg,  an  American  ordained  min- 
ister.    He  did  not  apparently   accomplish  much,  but  his   influence  helped 


PROGRESS    AND    REACTION,     1 754- 1 768  67 

to  prepare  the  minds  of  the  Netherland  clergy  for  the  independence  which 
was  sure  to  come. 

In  1761  the  Coetus  made  an  unsuccessful  attempt  to  obtain  a  charter  for 
their  proposed  college  from  the  Governor  of  New  Jersey.  About  this  time 
there  was  also  some  talk  of  a  divinity  professorship  for  the  Dutch  in 
Princeton  college,  but  nothing  resulted  from  it.  Ritzema,  still  bitterly 
hostile  to  the  plans  for  a  Dutch  college,  had  probably  by  this  time  given 
up  hope  of  his  own  appointment  to  the  chair  of  Dutch  divinity  which  was 
standing  vacant  in  King's  college.  He  therefore  began  to  urge  that  a 
proper  person  be  found  for  that  position  in  Holland  but  without  result. 

Domines  Leydt  of  New  Brunswick  and  Meyer  of  Kingston  attempted 
to  vindicate  the  Coetus  party.  Domine  Hardenberg,  recently  returned 
from  the  Fatherland,  explained  the  attitude  of  the  Holland  clergy,  and 
asserted  that  many  of  them  were  not  in  agreement  with  the  conservative 
position. 

At  about  this  time  the  Conferentie  brethren  organized  themselves 
into  "An  Assembly  subordinate  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam."  They 
listened  to  a  few  complaints,  sent  a  few  letters  to  Holland  and  by  special 
permission  ordained  one  young  man,  Garret  Lydekker,  to  the  ministry. 
Their  attitude  was  in  general  negative. 

The  protracted  arguments  in  regard  to. the  subordination  of  the  Dutch 
American  ministers  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  attracted  the  attention 
of  the  public  and  of  the  civil  authorities.  The  rumor  spread  abroad  that 
the  Dutch  ministers  were  not  loyal  subjects  to  the  British  Crown.  This 
led  Domine  Meyer  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  English  Govern- 
ment. His  act  and  the  attitude  of  the  Coetus  toward  the  Classis  of  Amster- 
dam, was  approved  by  the  English  public  and  strengthened  their  position. 
Meanwhile  the  Conferentie  ministers  were  left  under  the  stigma  of  dis- 
loyalty and  were  embittered  to  begin  a  cruel  personal  attack  upon  Meyer. 
As  their  fortunes  waned  Ritzema  and  his  companions  became  more  bitter  in 
published  statements-  and  personal  arguments.  They  attempted  to 
strengthen  their  position  by  efforts  to  involve  neutrals  in  their  dispute  and 
by  appeals  to  Holland.  At  one  time  it  was  suggested  that  all  the  members 
of  the  Coetus  should  have  their  names  stricken  from  the  roll  of  the 
Classis  of  Amsterdam.  At  another  it  was  proposed  that  that  Classis  appeal 
to  the  King  of  England  against  them.  But  to  such  propositions  the  Classis 
turned  a  deaf  ear. 

As  the  fortunes  of  the  Conferentie  declined  the  strength  of  the  Coetus 
increased.  Their  churches  were  growing  in  number  and  strength  and  they 
were  doing  their  best  to  supply  them  with  worthy  pastors.  Even  the 
Baptists  said  that  they  could  live  as  brethren  with  the  Coetus  ministers. 

After  much  discussion  and  in  the  face  of  a  good  deal  of  conservative 
opposition  the  progressive  element  of  the  Dutch  Church  of  New  York 
City  called  Rev.  Archibald  Laidlie,  English  preacher  in  the  Reformed 
Church  of  Flushing,  Holland,  1763,  to  become  the  English  preaching 
colleague  to  Domines  Ritzema  and  DeRonde.  His  success  was  remarkable 
and  his  coming  marked  a  new  era  in  the  growth  of  that  important  church. 


'68  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

At  about  the  same  time  revised  English  translations  of  the  Catechism 
Psalter  and  Liturgy  were  published  in  New  York. 

Another  attempt  to  secure  a  settlement  of  the  troubles  was  made  at  a 
joint  meeting  held  in  New  York.  June  19,  1764.  At  this  gathering  the 
Conferentie  brethren  were  somewhat  strengthened  by  the  presence  on  their 
side  of  delegates  from  the  German  Reformed  Church  of  New  York  City. 
Breaking  their  former  rule  of  aloofness  elders  from  the  Dutch  Church 
of  the  city  were  also  in  attendance.  The  gentle  Laidlie,  the  newly  arrived 
English  preacher  for  the  Dutch  Church  of  New  York,  was  also  in  at- 
tendance on  condition  that  he  was  recognized  as  non-partizan. 

The  Coetus  also  after  long  effort  succeeded  in  obtaining,  November  10, 
1766,  a  charter  for  their  proposed  new  college  from  William  Franklin,  Gov- 
ernor of  New  Jersey.  It  was  however  some  time  before  the  college  began 
its  activities. 

As  time  passed  the  very  heat  of  the  controversy  burned  out  the  strength 
of  the  disagreement.  The  Conferentie  ministers  were  compelled  to 
acknowledge  that  the  trend  of  circumstances  was  against  them.  Impressed 
with  these  facts  Ritzema  and  his  companions  renewed  their  talk  of  peace 
with  the  Coetus  ministers.  On  May  S,  1767,  the  Conferentie  ministers, 
assembled  in  New  York  framed  a  letter  to  the  Coetus  containing  peace 
proposals.  This  stipulated  that  the  Coetus  must  subordinate  itself  to  the 
Classis  and  that  delegates  to  the  peace-meeting  suggested  must  have  been 
ordained  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  Conferentie.  It  said  that  treatment  of 
other  matters  might  be  considered  later  and  ordinations  provided  for  fit 
persons. 

An  answer  to  this  letter  was  received  Oct.  6,  1767.  This  was  unsatis- 
factory because  it  did  not  correspond  to  the  terms  offered.  The  Con- 
ferentie therefore  considered  their  efforts  fruitless,  and  decided  that  they 
would  have  nothing  more  to  do  with  the  Coetus  until  they  answered  their 
proposals.  They  also  wrote  an  account  of  their  troubles  to  the  Classis, 
and  referred  in  terms  of  displeasure  to  the  newly  chartered  Coetus  college. 

This  was  the  last  formal  meeting  of  the  Conferentie.  They  had  obtained 
a  meager  approval  from  far  away  Holland,  but  they  had  lost  the  favor 
■of  the  multitudes  with  whom  they  lived  and  they  could  not  succeed  with- 
out it. 

Both  parties  were  weary  of  the  strife  but  saw  no  way  to  end  it.  There 
w&s  however  a  pause  in  the  conflict.  Unknown  to  them  the  movement 
was  beginning  which  was  to  result  in  peace,  and  the  man  of  destiny  was 
being  prepared  to  lead  the  factions  through  the  final  stages  of  their  struggle 
into  true  union  and  independence.^ 


^This  period  is  treated  more  fully  in   the   third   edition   of  the  Manual. 
1879. 


LHAPTER    XIII. 
UNION  AND  PEACE,  1768-1775. 

John  Henry  Livingston  was  born  at  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  May  30,  1746. 
Although  the  Dutch  language,  used  in  the  church  of  his  native  place,  was 
unintelligible  to  him,  he  was  brought  up  with  careful  training.  He  gradu- 
ated with  honor  from  Yale  College  in  1762.  At  first  he  studied  law  but 
declining  strength  led  him  to  think  of  his  soul's  salvation.  After  a  period 
of  conflict  he  found  peace  and  his  health  was  restored.  He  came  to  New 
York  in  1765  intending  to  study  for  the  ministry.  He  listened  with  atten- 
tion to  the  preaching  of  Domine  Laidlie,  and  the  young  minister  and  the 
youthful  aspirant  were  mutually  attracted  to  each  other.  During  the 
winter  in  which  Livingston  resided  in  the  city  he  and  Laidlie  had  many 
conversations  with  each  other  in  regard  to  the  state  of  the  Reformed 
Church.  Livingston  was  strongly  tempted  to  turn  away  from  the  Church 
of  his  fathers  to  the  growing  Presbyterian  body  or  the  more  honored 
Episcopal  Church.  But  the  very  need  of  the  Dutch  Church  seemed  to 
call  to  him  for  aid.  It  was  impressed  upon  him  that  he  was  destined  to 
bring  peace  to  the  warring  factions.  With  such  thoughts  in  mind,  and 
urged  by  Domine  Laidlie,  he  determined  to  take  the  theological  course  in 
Holland.  He  then  proposed  to  return  to  America,  and  devote  his  life  to 
the  service  of  God  within  the  Reformed  Church. 

On  May  12,  1766,  he  embarked  for  Holland,  the  last  of  the  American 
youths  to  go  there  for  theological  education.  He  studied  at  Utrecht,  and 
his  intellectual  and  spiritual  progress  soon  made  him  a  marked  man  among 
his  fellows.  At  the  same  time  by  correspondence  he  kept  well  informed 
regarding  church  conditions  in  America. 

As  his  acquaintance  and  reputation  with  the  members  of  the  Reformed 
Church  of  Holland  increased,  he  improved  every  opportunity  to  explain 
to  them  the  condition  of  the  Dutch  churches  in  the  New  World.  Just 
at  this  time  Rev.  Dr.  John  Witherspoon,  president-elect  of  Princeton  Col- 
lege, was  in  Holland,  and  his  words  ahly  seconded  the  words  of  the  earnest 
American  youth.  His  influence  made  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  think 
favorably  of  a  union  of  the  Dutch  American  Church  with  Princeton  for 
theological  education. 

Under  the  influence  of  these  men  a  Plan  of  Union  was  adopted  by  the 
Classis  of  Amsterdam,  June  6,  1768.  This  Plan  admitted  the  necessity  of 
the  training  of  an  American  ministry.  It  proposed  a  close  union  of  the 
Dutch  Reformed  in  America  with  the  Presbyterians  in  Princeton  College. 
They  were  to  study  together  in  the  literary  department  but  the  Dutch  were 
to  have  a  separate  theological  professor.     The  Netherland  standards  were 

69 


70  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

to  be  maintained  by  the  Dutch  American  Church,  and  the  bond  of  union 
between  Holland  and  America  was  not  to  be  broken.  The  names  Classis 
and  S3'nod  were  not  to  be  allowed  in  the  American  Church,  but  only 
Conventus  and  Coetus.  These  bodies  were  to  have  power  to  ordain  and  to 
perform  all  other  necessary  acts,  but  must  report  all  their  doings  to 
Holland. 

To  Mr.  Livingston's  youthful  enthusiasm  this  plan  promised  the  settle- 
ment of  all  differences.  He  had  persuaded  some  Dutch  gentlemen  to 
promise  to  educate  a  Dutch  American  boy  in  Holland  with  the  expecta- 
tion that  he  should  become  professor  in  the  newly  chartered  Coetus  college. 
But  when  he  considered  this  plan  for  education  in  union  with  Princeton, 
he  sent  a  letter  to  them  revoking  his  request. 

In  America  within  Dutch  Church  circles  there  was  much  difference  of 
opinion  in  regard  to  the  Plan  of  Union.  The  Coetus  ministers  were  not 
favorable  to  a  local  union  with  Princeton  College,  but  they  felt  they  ought 
to  yield  for  the  sake  of  peace.  All  the  Conferentie  ministers,  except 
Rysdyck,  were  opposed. 

After  failing  to  obtain  more  than  private  conversations  with  the  Con- 
ferentie, the  Coetus  appealed  to  the  Consistory  of  New  York  which  had 
in  general  maintained  a  neutral  attitude  in  the  midst  of  the  disputes. 
They  said  that  they  were  willing  to  adopt  the  Plan  of  Union  with  slight 
changes,  and  they  declared  that  if  only  peace  could  be  secured  the  question 
of  a  college  would  take  care  of  itself.  The  Consistory  of  New  York  did 
nothing  of  importance  except  to  write  a  full  account  of  the  attitude  of 
the  parties  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  The  Classis  was  displeased 
with  the  slight  results  obtained  and  threatened  to  abandon  the  American 
churches  to  their  own  devices.  At  this  time  Ritzema  made  a  final  attempt 
to  accomplish  the  ambition  of  his  life,  and  to  obtain  the  long  empty  seat 
of  the  Dutch  Divinity  Professorship  in  King's  College.  But  his  own 
Consistory,  with  whom  the  nomination  rested  refused  to  act  and  his  effort 
was  unsuccessful. 

This  endeavor  however  stimulated  the  Coetus  party  to  greater  efforts. 
Their  college  charter  of  1766  was  too  limited.  They  therefore  obtained 
a  charter  for  Queen's  College,  March  20,  1770.  Under  this  second  charter 
the  college  was  capable  of  indefinite  expansion.  The  President  was  re- 
quired to  be  a  member  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church,  and  could  be 
divinity  professor  if  elected  thereto.  They  were  always  to  have  one  teacher 
versed  in  English.  After  some  discussion  the  location  of  the  College  was 
fixed  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  Prohably  because  the  churches  of  the 
Raritan  valley  had  subscribed  liberally,  and  because  there  was  hope  of 
drawing  German  students  from  Pennsylvania. 

Meanwhile  the  Dutch  Church  of  New  York  realized  that  Mr.  Laidlie, 
their  English  preacher,  should  have  aid  in  his  increasing  labors.  On 
March  29,  1769,  they  accordingly  called  Mr.  Livingston  to  become  their 
fourth  pastor,  the  second  to  use  the  English  tongue.  After  some  delay 
he  accepted  and  having  been  ordained  and  having  received  the  degree  of 
doctor  of  divinity,  he  sailed  for  America. 


UNION    AND    PEACE,    I768-I775  7I 

Dr.  Livingstoji  was  a  man  who  would  have  made  his  mark  in  any  call- 
ing, and  he  not  only  became  strikingly  successful  in  his  pastorate  but  his 
influence  extended  widely  throughout  the  denomination. 

Although  the  Plan  of  Union  had  failed  the  project  was  not  abandoned. 
The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  still  urged  the  matter.  In  America  progressives 
were  pressing  forward  and  conservatives  were  holding  back,  but  both  were 
being  rapidly  pushed  toward  a  new  freedom  which  they  did  not  under- 
stand. A  change  had  come  over  the  spirits  of  men.  Both  sides  were 
ashamed  of  their  quarrels  and  it  was  easy  to  talk  of  union.  Dr.  Livingston 
took  every  opportunity  to  increase  this  feeling,  and  at  last  he  proposed  to 
the  Consistory  of  New  York  that  they  assume  the  responsibility  of  calling 
a  Peace  Convention.  To  this  they  gladly  assented  and  a  circular  letter 
was  issued,  September  4,  1771,  inviting  delegates  from  all  the  Dutch 
churches  to  meet  as  their  guests  on  Tuesday,  October  15,   1771. 

On  the  day  appointed  Dr.  Livingston  welcomed  the  guests.  There  were 
present  10  of  the  13  ministers  recognized  as  belonging  to  the  Coetus.  Of 
the  10  neutrals,  5  were  present;  7  of  the  11  ministers  of  the  Conferentie 
were  on  hand,  but  Domine  Ritzema  was  conspicuous  by  his  absence.  In 
all  22  ministers  and  25  elders  representing  34  churches  were  present. 

By  appointment  Domine  DeRonde  preached  to  a  crowded  audience.  His 
years  of  ultra  conservatism  had  brought  him  into  bitter  experiences  and 
he  was  of  chastened  spirit.  He  took  for  his  text,  Eph.  6:23,  "Peace  be  to 
the  brethren  with  love  and  faith  from  God  the  Father  and  the  Lord 
Jesus  Christ."  The  assembly  was  organized  with  Livingston  as  president. 
The  Plan  of  Union,  proposed' by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  was  adopted 
with  slight  amendments.  The  convention  agreed  to  acknowledge  the  bond 
of  the  Classis  and  to  abide  by  the  doctrines  of  the  Synod  of  Dort.  One 
General  Body  with  power  to  ordain  and  five  Particular  Bodies  were 
formed.  All  ordinations  and  changes  in  the  ministry  were  to  be  reported 
to  Holland.  One  or  more  professors  were  to  be  imported  but  were  to 
have  no  connection  with  English  speaking  colleges.  Until  this  system 
could  be  arranged  the  General  Body  were  to  examine  those  who  had  studied 
with  ministers.  Certain  articles  were  added  respecting  the  settlement  of 
disputes,  and  the  recognition  of  ministers  ordained  by  the  Coetus.  The 
whole  plan  was  to  be  ratified  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  before  it  be- 
came law.  The  Consistory  of  New  York  was  thanked  for  their  hospitality 
and  the  meeting  adjourned. 

In  the  midst  of  the  general  approval  of  the  result  a  few  remained  op- 
posed. Of  these  the  chief  was  Domine  Ritzema.  At  first  he  attempted 
to  strengthen  the  opponents  but  later,  severely  admonished  by  the  silence  of 
the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  to  his  appeals  he  became  quiet. 

After  the  Classis  had  approved  the  action  of  the  convention,  the  Con- 
sistory of  New  York  again  called  a  meeting  to  receive  the  reply.  This 
gathering  assembled  June  16,  1772.  Dr.  Livingston,  the  retiring  president, 
presided  and  preached  "a  highly  learned,  appropriate  and  affecting  dis- 
course" from  Malachi  4  :2.  Domine  Rysdyk  became  president.  Wonderful 
to  relate   Domine  Ritzema  now  appeared  upon  the  scene  and  when   the 


^2.  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

articles  of  union  were  presented  for  renewed  subscription,  he  was  the  first 
to  come  forward  to  place  his  name  upon  the  book.  At  the  close  of  the 
assembly  he  voluntarily  offered  a  very  touching  prayer,  and  the  mem- 
bers with  delight  appointed  him  to  preach  the  thanksgiving  sermon  at  their 
next  meeting. 

So  at  last  peace  was  restored  and  union  accomplished.  A  few  of  the 
churches  were  slow  to  accept  the  terms  but  most  were  glad  to  bury  their 
ill  feeling.  Dr.  Hardenberg  declared  that  peace  was  made  between  the 
rival  consistories  of  his  church  on  the  Raritan  in  less  than  half  an  hour. 

Some  phrases  of  subordination  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  remained 
but  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  of  America  became  really  an  independent 
ecclesiastical  body  in  June,  1772.  Occasional  letters  of  friendship  there- 
after passed  between  the  Mother  Church  in  Holland  and  the  Daughter 
Church  in  America,  but  no  longer  was  there  the  language  of  authority 
on  the  one  side,  nor  of  defiance  or  subservience  on  the  other. 

After  the  convention  of  1772  there  were  five  meetings  of  the  General 
Body  before  the  Revolutionary  War.  The  work  of  the  General  Body 
during  this  period  was  chiefly  concerned  with  outstanding  congregations, 
with  efforts  to  arrange  for  a  Widows'  Fund,  and  to  establish  a  theo- 
logical professorship  upbn  a  proper  foundation. 

Dr.  Livingston,  although  only  a  youth,  was  the  moving  spirit  of  these 
gatherings.  He  drew  up  a  plan  for  the  relief  of  clerical  widows  and 
orphans,  and  prepared  a  list  of  all  ministers,  licentiates  and  vacant  con- 
gregations, the  earliest  predecessor  of  the  Manual  of  the  Reformed 
Church  in  America. 

There  was  much  amicable  discussion  in  regard  to  the  theological  pro- 
fessorship, and  several  efforts  were  made  to  obtain  a  professor  in  Eng- 
land or  in  Holland.  After  hinting  upon  the  matter,  in  June,  1774,  the 
Classis  of  Amsterdam  advised  the  General  Body  to  appoint  Dr.  Livingston 
to  that  office. 

But  war  clouds  were  rising  over  the  land.  Men  could  not  fix  their  minds 
on  any  subject  less  pressing  than  the  battle  for  freedom.  The  only  action 
which  the  General  Body  took  upon  the  Professorate  at  their  meeting  in 
October,  1775,  was:  "By  reason  of  the  pitiful  condition  of  our  land,  the 
consideration  of  the  professorate  is  deferred." 

Neither  could  men  fix  their  minds  on  letter  writing.  Communication 
between  the  rebel  colonies  and  the  great  world  outside,  was  about  to  be 
cut  off.  Too  late  to  be  read  at  this  meeting  a  sad  message  arrived  from 
the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  complaining  that  for  a  long  time  they  had 
heard  nothing  of  their  daughter  in  America.  They  were  not  to  hear  again 
for  more  than  three  years. 

Thus  ended  the  so-called  Amsterdam  correspondence,  covering  a  period 
of  about  150  years,  between  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  and  the  Reformed 
Church  in  America. 

It  is  a  relief  to  turn  from  the  strife  of  parties  to  look  at  the  church 
life  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  churches  in  the  generation  before  the  Revolu- 
tion. 


UNION    AND   PEACE,    I768-1775  73 

During  this  period  the  church  buildings,  with  few  exceptions,  were 
plain  and  uncomfortable.  In  winter  they  were  generally  devoid  of  heat 
except  for  foot  stoves.  Lighting  arrangements  were  either  lacking  or 
very  inadequate.  Probably  no  Dutch  church  outside  of  the  city  of  New 
York  possessed  an  organ.  The  second  one  belonging  to  that  church,  and 
the  first  of  American  make,  was  installed  in  the  building  on  Nassau  street 
in  1764. 

A  bell  rung,  sometimes  at  8,  9  and  10  A.  M.,  summoned  the  worshippers 
to  the  sanctuary  on  Sabbath  morning.  Church  attendance  was  generally 
good.  The  people  sat  in  pews  privately  owned  with  the  boys  and  negroes 
in  the  gallery.  At  the  beginning  of  the  exercises  the  foresinger  frequently 
occupied  the  pulpit,  read  the  Scripture  and  gave  out  the  hymn.  The 
domine  then  entered  and  kneeled  in  prayer  at  the  foot  of  the  lofty  stairs. 
He  then  ascended  to  his  place  and  ofifered  a  long  prayer,  reverent  and  full 
of  theology.  Afterward  he  gave  out  his  text  explained  the  context  and 
divided  his  subject  into  several  heads.  While  the  people  took  time  to 
absorb  this  the  collection  bags  were  passed.  The  offerings  were  some- 
times for  the  church,  sometimes  for  the  relief  of  local  suffering,  and  very 
seldom  for  the  aid  of  other  churches  or  for  distress  far  afield. 

The  sermon  followed  the  offering  and  was  from  one  to  two  hours  in 
length.  At  its  conclusion  requests  for  prayer  were  sometimes  handed  to 
the  minister.  These  he  read  aloud  and  then  presented  them  at  the  throne 
of  grace.  At  the  communion  season  those  who  were  to  partake  pre- 
sented themselves  before  the  pulpit. 

The  pastors  were  generally  provided  with  a  parsonage  and  a  small 
farm  for  the  "exercise  of  their  industry."  The  congregations  often 
aided  with  the  cultivation  of  the  land,  provided  fire  wood,  and  much 
hearty  food  for  the  minister's  table.  Beside  this  provision  the  salary  was 
generally  small  and  often  ill  paid.  When  Domine  Laidlie  was  called  to 
be  the  English  preacher  in  the  Dutch  Church  of  New  York  City  in  1763 
his  salary  was  fixed  at  300  pounds.  But  this  was  much  above  the  average. 
The  historian  Smith  writing  somewhat  before  that  time  said  that  ministers 
could  live  upon  their  incomes  but  could  seldom  save  anything. 

The  colonial  Dutch  pastors  were  busy  men.  Beside  their  private  duties 
on  farm  and  garden  they  frequently  preached  twice  on  Sundays,  and 
lectured  or  catechized  once  or  twice  during  the  week.  Many  of  them 
had  extended  fields  and  out-stations  which  required  long  and  lonelv 
journeys  on  horse  back  through  the  woods.  Domine  Van  Schie  of  Pough- 
keepsie  complained  that  such  trips  wore  out  his  clothes  very  fast. 

The  ministers  made  few  merely  social  calls  but  assisted  by  the  elders 
made  regular  visitations  of  their  congregations,  catechizing  the  children, 
and  inquiring  into  the  doctrine  and  manner  of  life  of  the  people. 

It  was  a  matter  of  congratulation  with  some  of  the  Dutch  clergy  that 
they  paid  more  attention  to  discipline  than  did  the  Episcopalians  but  were 
less  strict  than  the  Presbyterians. 

Beside  the  informal  picnic  gatherings  in  the  church  yard  between  services 
on   Sundays,  there  were   few  social  entertainments  under  the  auspices  of 


74  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

the  church.  Sunday  Schools  were  unknown  but  the  children  and  young 
people  were  rigorously  trained  in  the  fundamentals  of  Reformed  Church 
doctrine.  After  such  teaching  they  were  sometimes  allowed  "a  decent 
recreation."  Mating  however  went  on  rapidly  and  the  publication  of  the 
banns  was  of  almost  weekly  occurrence.  After  marriages  came  baptisms 
which  were  very  numerous.  Between  1776  and  1789  Domine  Gebhard  of 
Claverack  baptized  1424  children. 

Funerals  were  the  occasion  of  much  public  interest,  and  the  feasts  pro- 
vided sometimes  passed  the  bounds  of  propriety.  The  minister  was  ex- 
pected to  take  a  text  and  to  preach  an  elaborate  sermon  upon  the  brevity 
of  Hfe,  preparation  for  death,  etc. 

Except  in  the  few  large  towns  school  facilities  were  wofully  lacking 
and  the  country  people  grew  up  in  ignorance.  They  were  however  strongly 
attached  to  their  churches  and  to  the  Reformed  Church  doctrine.  Frequent- 
ly they  were  more  ready  to  fight  for  them  than  to  obey  their  precepts.  They 
had  a  kind  of  superstitious  reverence  for  the  clergy  and  it  was  remarked 
of  the  congregations  near  Albany  that  their  devotion  to  their  church  was 
out  of  proportion  to  their  moral  development.  The  Great  Awakening  how- 
ever had  produced  a  marked  improvement  over  earlier  conditions.  In  the 
midst  of  rude  surroundmgs  and  small  opportunity  for  culture  there  was 
much  true  piety,  and  the  vigorous  political  and  spiritual  life  of  the  time 
was  ready  to  burst  into  flower  with  the  independence  of  Church  and  State. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

THE  REFORMED  CHURCH  DURING  THE  PERIOD  OF  LIBERA- 

TION,   1775-1792. 

The  clouds  of  war  which  had  long  been  gathering  over  the  land  hung 
blackest  over  the  territory  of  the  Reformed  Church.  But  in  the  midst 
of  the  gloom  most  of  her  people  were  enthusiastic  in  their  loyalty  to  the 
American  cause.  Many  of  the  Reformed  people  gave  of  their  money 
and  strength  and  not  a  few  suffered  in  body  and  estate  from  their  devotion 
to  the  cause.  Many  sons  of  the  Reformed  Church  were  also  found  in  the 
armies  of  liberty. 

The  Reformed  clergy,  with  a  very  few  exceptions,  were  devoted  patriots. 
Their  pulpits  rang  with  stirring  appeals  which  aroused  the  ardor  and  in- 
spired the  courage  of  the  people.  For  this  reason  several  of  them  became 
the  especial  objects  of  British  hatred,  and  only  by  flight  could  they  save 
themselves  from  imprisonment  or  death.  The  adventures  of  some  of  them 
are  a  thrilling  story.  A  large  number  of  church  buildings  were  desecrated 
or  destroyed,  the  congregations  scattered  and  the  work  brought  to  a 
stand  still. 

After  the  meeting  of  the  General  Body  in  New  York  in  October  1775, 
there  was  no  further  session  until  October,  1778.  It  then  assembled  at 
Kingston.  This  body  set  apart  a  day  of  fasting  and  prayer  in  behalf 
of  the  country,  and  took  action  to  assist  members  of  the  Reformed  Church 
who  were  driven  from  their  homes  or  employment  by  the  war. 

Two  years  later,  1780,  the  General  Body  met  at  New  Paltz,  N.  Y.  They 
memorialized  the  legislature  in  regard  to  the  sins  of  the  land,  and  in  so 
doing  spoke  of  the  "present  just  and  necessary  war."  At  this  session  they 
deposed  Domine  Rubel  for  his  Toryism. 

The  session  of  the  General  Body  in  1782  was  held  at  Millstone,  in  a 
building  blackened  and  scarred  by  the  wanton  abuse  of  the  enemy. 

But  peace  was  now  at  hand.  The  clouds  of  war  were  rolling  away  and 
in  the  light  of  independence,  political  and  ecclesiastical,  the  future  seemed 
bright. 

As  soon  as  independence  was  gained  it  was  resolved  to  drop  the  awkward 
names  of  General  Body  and  Particular  Bodies,  and  to  assume  the  names 
of  Synod  and  Classes.  In  1784  the  Synod  elected  Dr.  John  H.  Livingston 
as  their  professor  of  theology,  and  Dr.  Hermanus  Meyer  as  instructor  in 
the  inspired  languages.  In  1788  a  committee  was  appointed  to  translate 
and  publish,  the  doctrinal  symbols  of  the  Church  and  the  Articles  of 
Church  Government.  In  reference  to  the  latter  some  modifications  were 
found  to  be  necessary  to  adapt  them  to  the  American   Church.     Hence, 

75 


y6  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

while  preserving  the  eighty-four  Articles  of  Dort  on  Church  Order,  there 
were  added  to  these  seventy-three  Explanatory  Articles,  showing  how  the 
former  were  to  be  applied  to  the  American  Dutch  Church. 

The  Explanatory  Articles  particularly  enlarged  on  the  subject  of  candi- 
dates, their  qualifications,  the  manner  of  their  entering  the  ministry,  and 
the  privileges  which  belonged  to  them  as  such  ;  a  formula  which  licentiates 
must  subscribe  was  also  incorporated,  as  well  as  a  formula  for  the  sub- 
scriptions of  ministers  before  ordination.  These  were  not  in  the  Articles 
of  the  Synod  of  Dort,  but  came  from  some  other  source.  Article  VIII.  of 
Dort  permitted  dispensations  from  the  full  course  of  studies  by  permission 
of  the  Synod.  No  remarks  were  made  upon  this.  The  subject  of  min- 
isters emeriti  was  somewhat  enlarged  upon,  as  well  as  the  parity  of  min- 
isters, styling  them  all  bishops.  The  brief  Article  XVIII.  of  Dort,  relating 
to  professors  of  theology,  was  elaborated  into  seven  Explanatory  Articles. 
The  particular  duties  of  elders  and  deacons  were  explained  more  fully,  as 
well  as  the  desirability  of  calling  a  Great  Consistory  in  all  important  mat- 
ters. An  article  was  added  on  Church-masters  (Ex.  Art.  XXX.).  These 
were  a  committee  on  repairs  of  churches,  parsonages,  and  school  buildings, 
and  were  to  execute  the  orders  of  the  Consistory.  The  brief  Article 
XXXVII,  of  Dort  on  Cbnsistories  was  elaborated  into  five  Explanatory 
Articles,  referring  to  discipline  and  the  matter  of  ministerial  calls.  Our 
present  form  of  call  was  now  for  the  first  prepared  and  inserted.  It  was 
composed  by  Domine  Westerlo.  Before  this  calls  were  not  uniform.  The 
particular  powers  and  duties  of  the  Classes  were  more  fully  defined  in 
some  particulars.  The  power  of  examining  students  was  now  given  to  the 
Classes,  although  a  student  or  licentiate  could  yet  be  examined  by  the 
Particular  Synod  if  he  so  preferred.  The  deputies  of  the  Synod  were 
always  to  be  present  at  examinations  by  the  Classes,  and  to  report  to  the 
Synod. 

The  Article  XLI.  of  Dort  directing  the  president  of  the  Classis  to  in- 
quire of  the  respective  members  "whether  church  discipline  be  exercised  ; 
whether  the  poor  and  the  schools  be  properly  taken  care  of  ;  and  whether 
they  stand  in  need  of  the  advice  and  assistance  of  the  Classis  in  anything 
respecting  the  regulation  of  their  churches;"  and  Article  XLIV.,  directing 
each  Classis  to  appoint  visitors,  "whose  business  it  shall  be  to  inquire 
whether  the  ministers.  Consistories,  and  schoolmasters  do  faithfully  dis- 
charge their  offices  ;  whether  they  adhere  to  sound  doctrine  ;  whether  they 
observe  in  all  things  the  received  discipline,"  etc.,  were  expounded  in  Ex- 
planatory Article  XLIV. :  "Once  every  year  the  Classis  shall  direct  what 
shall  be  deemed  necessary  and  practicable  with  regard  to  the  visitation  of 
the  churches  within  their  respective  jurisdictions,  and  report  the  same  to 
the  Synod.  For  the  more  uniform  and  proper  execution  of  this  important 
duty,  such  particular  questions  and  inquiries  as  shall  be  agreed  upon  in  any 
General  Synod  for  that  purpose  shall  be  inserted  in  the  book  of  records  of 
every  Classis,  and  by  the  visitors  be  faithfully  proposed  to  the  minister, 
elders,  and  deacons  of  every  congregation  in  their  respective  visitations." 

The  particular  powers  and  duties  of  the  General  Synod  and  of  Particular 
Synods   were   more   fully   defined.     The   latter   were   to   be   representative 


THE    CHURCH     DURING    THE     PERIOD    OF    LIBERATION  'J'] 

bodies,  consisting  of  two  ministers  and  two  elders  from  each  Classis. 
They  might  yet  examine  and  Hcense  students,  and  this  privilege  continued 
down  to  the  Revision  of  the  Constitution  in  1832.  They  were  "to  exchange 
every  year  a  copy  of  their  acts  with  the  Synod  of  North  Holland,  and  ex- 
press in  their  letters  the  desire  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  to 
preserve  a  connection  and  cultivate  a  correspondence  which  they  highly 
esteem  and  have  found  to  be  beneficial."     (Ex.  Art.  L.) 

It  had  been  found  impracticable  in  Holland  to  hold  a  triennial  General 
Synod  (notwithstanding  Article  L.  of  Dort  so  directed)  owing  chiefly  to 
certain  civil  complications.  Hence  the  several  Particular  Synods  in  Hol- 
land exercised,  each,  the  powers  of  a  General  Synod  within  their  respec- 
tive local  jurisdictions,  and  adopted  a  mutual  correspondence  with  one 
another.  The  General  Synod  in  Holland,  according  to  the  above  article, 
was  to  consist  of  two  ministers  and  two  elders  from  every  Particular 
Synod,  both  of  the  Dutch  and  Walloon  Churches.  But  in  America  it  was 
determir.ed  that  the  General  Synod  should  at  first  be  conventional,  consist- 
ing of  all  the  ministers  in  the  church  and  an  elder  from  each  congregation. 
It  was  to  meet  triennially.  The  General  Synod,  however,  was  given  the 
privilege  of  changing  its  conventional  character  to  a  representative  charac- 
ter by  resolution. 

Explanatory  Article  LIX.  is  also  worthy  of  special  mention,  as  showing 
the  position  of  the  Church  at  that  time  on  slavery:  "In  the  Church  there 
is  no  difference  between  bond  and  free,  but  all  are  one  in  Christ.  When- 
ever, therefore,  slaves  or  black  people  shall  be  baptized,  or  become  mem- 
bers in  full  communion  of  the  church,  they  shall  be  admitted  to  equal 
privileges  with  all  other  members  of  the  same  standing;  and  their  infant 
children  shall  be  entitled  to  baptism  and  in  every  respect  be  treated  with 
the  same  attention  that  the  children  of  white  or  free  parents  are  in  the 
church.  Any  minister  who,  upon  any  pretense,  shall  refuse  to  admit  slaves 
or  their  children  to  the  privileges  to  which  they  are  entitled,  shall,  upon 
complaint  being  exhibited  and  proved,  be  severely  reprimanded  by  the 
Classis  to  which  he  belongs." 

The  subject  of  godparents  or  sponsors  was  declared  to  be  a  matter  of 
little  importance.  The  subject  of  catechizing  children  was  emphasized,  as 
well  as  that  of  pastoral  visitations.  The  subject  of  holy  days  was  referred 
to,  advising  ministers,  at  their  discretion,  to  preach  on  those  days,  so  as  to 
turn  people  from  idleness  unto  edifying  themes.' 

The  Synod  reviewed  this  whole  work  seriatim  in  1792,  and  formally 
adopted  it.  The  General  Synod  was  organized  on  June  3,  1794,  and  the 
old  Synod  became  a  Particular  Synod.  For  a  decade  preceding,  the  terms 
General  and  Particular  had  been  applied  indiscriminately  to  the  old  "Gen- 
eral Body."  During  this  transitional  period  no  ministers  came  from  Hol- 
land. The  General  Body  or  Synod  licensed  and  ordained  thirty-seven  men 
for  the  ministry,  and  directed  the  Classis  of  Hackensack  to  license  and 
ordain  one   i)i   their  name — viz.,   Isaac   Blauvelt — in   1780.     This  was  done 


'The  original  Articles  of  Dort,  the  Explanatory  Article  of  1792  and  the 
Constitutional  revision  of  1833  and  1874  are  to  be  found  printed  in  paral- 
lel columns   in  Corwin's  Digest,   Page   viii — Ixxxvii. 


78  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

because  sickness  had  twice  prevented  him  from  meeting  with  the  Synod. 
Eleven  of  these  men  had  entered  the  ministry  before  the  appointment  of 
the  professor,  and  twenty-seven  had  subsequently  produced  the  professor's 
certificate.  William  Linn  had  come  from  the  Presbyterians  in  1787,  and 
Winslow  Paige  from  the  Congregationalists  in  1792;  Peter  van  Vlierden 
had  come  from  the  West  Indies  in  the  same  year.  There  were  forty-one 
accessions  to  the  ministry,  and  thirty  churches  organized,  during  this  period. 
During  the  whole  time  of  one  hundred  and  sixty-four  years  (1628- 
1792)  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  had  only  been  passing  through  the 
successive  stages  which  were  necessary  to  bring  her  into  her  ecclesiastical 
freedom  and  fit  her  for  her  future  work. 

1.  The  migration  of  Holland's  sons  to  America  during  a  half  century 
(1614-1664)  was  merely  the  planting  of  the  seed. 

2.  The  struggle  against  the  establishment  of  a  church  representing  a 
very  small  minority  of  the  population  (1664-1708)  proved  to  be  the  un- 
designed cause  of  charters  for  the  Dutch  churches  which  secured  to  them 
perfect  independence  in  all  ecclesiastical  matters,  as  well  as  security  from 
the  acts  of  arbitrary  governors  ;  and  these  charters  the  Dutch  alone  enjoyed 
of  all  non-Episcopal  bodies. 

3.  The  imperfect  piety  resulting  from  such  contests  and  from  infre- 
quent services  was  followed  by  gracious  revivals,  not  without  opposition, 
which  excited  many  holy  aspirations  after  larger  usefulness.     (1708-1747.) 

4.  In  order  to  gratify  these  desires  came  the  period  of  association  of  the 
scattered  ministers  and  churches  (1747-1754).  Views  were  compared  and 
efforts  were  made  to  meet  more  fully  the  necessities  of  the  people ;  but  there 
was  a  failure  to  appreciate  the  importance  of  a  gradual  change  of  language 
from  Dutch  to  English.  And  when  the  earlier  plans  of  association  were 
found  to  be  impracticable  better  plans  were  devised  and  an  attempt  was 
made,  somewhat  irregularly  on  account  of  an  irregular  opposition,  to  carry 
them  into  execution  (1754).  But  a  peculiar  combination  of  circumstances, 
in  which  some  leaders  in  the  church  were  allured  into  a  false  position,  pro- 
duced an  unhappy  strife,  which  was  unduly  prolonged  (1755-1771)  and 
delayed  the  consummation. 

5.  But  Christian  love  finally  prevailed  and  secured  a  union  of  the  two 
parties  (1771).  Hardly,  however,  had  they  begun  their  new  work  in  peace 
when  .the  American  Revolution  (1776-1783),  prevailing  especially  on  the 
territory  of  the  Dutch  Church,  scattered  the  ministers  and  destroyed  not  a 
few  of  the  churches. 

6.  But  with  the  success  of  civil  liberty  (1783)  came  to  all  denominations 
ecclesiastical  autonomy  with  all  that  is  involved  therein — independent 
organizations  (1792)  ;  a  new  sense  of  responsibility,  literary  and  theological 
institutions  with  benevolent  boards  for  the  increase  of  Christ's  Kingdom 
at  home  and  its  dissemination  to  the  ends  of  the  earth. 

In  1696,  the  year  in  which  the  first  church  charter  was  secured,  the 
churches  were  only  23  in  number  and  the  ministers  only  9.  During  the 
next  25  years  there  was  a  slow,  natural  increase  of  population,  the  churches 
increasing  to  40  and  the  ministers  to  13.     In  1740  the  ministers  were  20 


THE    CHURCH     DURING    THE    PERIOD    OF    LIBERATION  79 

and  the  churches  65.  In  1755,  when  the  Coetus  assumed  the  powers  of  a 
Classis,  the  ministers  were  28  and  the  churches  j})-  At  the  union  of  the 
parties  in  1772  the  ministers  were  41  and  the  churches  100.  At  the  adoption 
of  the  constitution  in  1792  there  were  only  40  ministers  and  116  churches. 

AUTHORITIES  FOR  THE  THIRD  PERIOD. 

The   following  is   a   list  of   the  original   documents   and   histories   upon 
which  the  narrative  of  the  Third  Period  is  based. 
Alexander,  Archibald.    Biographical  Sketches  of  the  Founder  and  Principal 

Alumni  of  the  Log  College,  Princeton,  N.  J.,  1845. 
•Beardsley,  F.  G.    History  of  American  Revivals,  New  York,  1904. 
Berrian.     History  of  Trinity  Church. 

'  Centennial  Discourses  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,  New  York,  1877. 
Centennial  of  the  New  Brunswick  Theological  Seminary,  1884. 
Chambers,  T.  W.     Memoir  of  Hon.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen,  1863. 
Corwin,  E.  T.   Digest  of  Synodical  Legislation  of  Ref.  Ch.  in  America,  1906. 
Manual  of  the  Ref.   Ch.  in  America,  3d  edition,   1879,  and  4th  edition, 

1902. 
Ecclesiastical   Records   of   the   State  of   New   York,  6  vols.,    1001-1905, 

Index   1916. 
Demarest,  William.     Introduction,  Translation  of  Frelinghuysen's  Sermons, 

1856. 
Translation  of  the  Minutes  of  the  Early  Provisional  Synod,   1771-1792. 

in  Vol.  I.,  of  Mints,  of  Gen.  Syn.,   1859. 
Dix,  M.     History  of  the  Parish  of  Trinity  Church,  4  vols.,  1898-1906. 
Gunn,  Alexander.     Memoirs  of  Rev.  John  H.  Livingston,  D.  D.,   ist  ed., 

1829,  2d  ed.,  1856. 
Leydt,  Johannes.     Pamphlets  of  Leydt  with   replies  to  each  of  them  by 

Ritzema,  with  Letter  of  the  Synod  of  North  Holland,  1765,  bound,  in 

Sage  Library,  N.   B. 
Magazine  of  the  Reformed   Dutch    Church. 
McLean.     History  of   Princeton   Seminary. 
New  York,   Documentary   History  of  the   State  of,   O'Callaghan,   Albany, 

1849-1851,  4  vols. 
New  York,  Documents  Relative  to  the  Colonial  History  of  the  State  of, 

procured   in   Holland,    England   and   France   by   J.   R.    Brodhead,   ed. 

by  E.  B.  O'Callaghan,  Albany,   1856-1861,   10  vols. 
Smith.    Wm.    History  of  the  Province  of  New  York  till  1742,  Albany,  1814. 
Tififany,  C.  C.    A  History  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  in  the  United 

States   of   America,    N.   Y.,    1895,    American    Church    History    Series, 

Vol.  VII. 
Valentine,  D.  T.     Manual  of  the  Corporation   of  the  City  of  New  York, 

1841-1871,  28  vols. 
Van  Rensselaer,  S.     History  of  the  City  of  New  York  in  the  Seventeenth 

Century,  2  vols.,  N.  Y.,  1909. 
Vermilye,  A.  G.     The  Leisler  Troubles,  1689-91,  in  Memorial  History  of 

New  York. 
Year  Books  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  1880-1921. 


FOURTH  PERIOD 

THE  FREE  CHURCH  IN  THE  FREE  STATE,  1792-1922. 


CHAPTER  XV. 
THE  FIRST  GENERATION  UNDER  THE  CONSTITUTION. 

As  the  nineteenth  century  dawned  the  Reformed  Church  in  America 
stood  forth  facing  the  future  with  confidence,  an  independent  body  among 
her  sister  denominations.  She  retained  many  traces  of  her  Netherland 
origin,  and  among  the  EngHsh-speaking  population  of  America,  she  had 
somewhat  of  a  foreign  air.  The  conservative  element  in  the  Church  had 
retained  the  use  of  the  Dutch  language  so  long  that  it  became  a  hindrance 
to  her  growth.  Frequently  the  necessary  change  from  Dutch  to  English 
took  place  with  friction  which  was  harmful.  The  Standards  and  Liturgy 
were  translated  into  English  in  1767,  but  English  did  not  become  the 
universal  language  of  the  Church  until  about  1820.  From  that  time  until 
the  arrival  of  the  emigrants  from  Holland  a  generation  later  the  ex- 
pressive tongue  of  the  Fatherland  was  virtually  extinct  within  the  Re- 
formed Church  in  America.  In  the  midst  of  a  free  environment  the  Church 
was  to  become  thoroughly  American  retaining  only  that  spirit  of  liberal 
conservatism,  which  had  characterized  the  people  of  Holland  throughout 
their  whole  history. 

It  was  the  purpose  of  divine  Providence  that  the  Reformed  Church  should 
stand  for  evangelical  faith  in  Christ  within  certain  definite  geographical 
areas  of  the  American  Republic,  and  that  from  these,  as  from  a  beacon, 
she  was  to  let  her  light  shine  forth  unto  the  ends  of  the  earth.  But 
Providence  also  intended  that  the  Church  should  contribute  to  American 
religious  life  certain  qualities  of  value  to  the  growth  of  the  youthful  nation. 
Of  these  the  following  were  characteristic. 

Its  type  of  Presbyterianism  had  some  admirable  features  of  its  own.  The 
term  of  office  of  its  elders  and  deacons  was  only  for  two  years,  although 
they  might  be  re-elected ;  but  the  elder  retained  the  honor  of  his  office 
for  life,  and  might  at  any  time,  though  not  in  the  Consistory,  become  a 
delegate  to  the  Synods  of  the  church.  The  acting  Consistory  might  also 
call  together  all  former  elders  and  deacons,  as  a  Great  Consistory,  for  con- 
sultation on  important  matters.  The  members  of  the  Consistory  were  also 
generally  the  trustees  of  the  property.     This  prevented  conflicting  views 

80 


THE     FIRST     GENERATION     UNDER    THE     CONSTITUTION  Ol 

between  the  spiritual  and  temporal  officials  of  the  church.  The  church 
had  also  an  elaborate  liturgy,  which  might  be  used  or  not  at  the  option 
of  the  minister.  The  forms  for  the  administration  of  baptism  and  the 
Lord's  Supper  were,  however,  obligatory.  Either  mode  of  baptism  was 
allowed,  although  but  one  was  commonly  employed.  In  order  to  avoid 
neglecting  any  part  of  divine  truth,  ministers  were  required  to  explain 
the  system  of  doctrine  contained  in  the  Heidelberg  Catechism,  so  as  to 
go  over  the  entire  system  within  a  given  period.  This  system,  however, 
was  not  dogmatic,  but  experimental  and  practical.  It  presented  the  fact 
and  the  cause  of  man's  misery,  the  method  of  redemption,  and  the  gratitude 
which  was  due  to  God  therefor.  This  catechism,  constructed  on  such  a 
basis,  and  emphasizing  especially  the  comfort  to  be  derived  from  all  the 
great  facts  of  Christianity,  was  one  which  evangelical  Christians  of  all 
creeds  could  subscribe.  There  had  been  no  change  in  the  standards  of 
doctrine  since  the  Synod  of  Dort  (1619),  yet  perfect  liberty  of  investiga- 
tion was  allowed  and  encouraged. 

All  these  unique  features  of  the  Reformed  Church  system  not  only  agreed 
W'ith  a  democratic  form  of  government,  but  aided  in  the  development  of 
democratic  ideals. 

From  the  beginning  the  Reformed  Church  prized  an  educated  ministry. 
The  strife  between  the  Conferentie  and  the  Coetus  parties  in  colonial  days 
had  turned,  not  upon  the  question  whether  an  educated  mininstry  was 
necessary,  but  upon  the  best  method  of  supplying  it.  Queen's  (Rutgers) 
College  was  founded  with  this  purpose  in  1766.  A  like  motive  led  the 
Dutch  churches  of  the  north  to  share  in  the  founding  of  Union  College 
in  1795.  By  the  appointment  of  Dr.  Livingston  as  Theological  Professor 
in  1784  the  first  Theological  Seminary  in  America  was  established.  Be- 
tween that  date  and  his  removal  of  the  institution  to  New  Brunswick  in 
1810,  ninety-one  students  had  received  his  certificates.  At  a  later  day  and 
amid  a  different  environment  the  Western  Schools  of  the  Reformed 
Church  came  into  being  to  supply  a  ministry  acquainted  with  western 
conditions  and  needs. 

(See  special  chapters  on  these  institutions). 

The  insistence  of  the  Reformed  Church  on  an  educated  ministry  perhaps 
limited  her  extensive  growth  while  it  has  intensified  her  influence  within 
a  narrower  sphere. 

The  generation  succeeding  the  adoption  of  the  federal  constitution 
was  a  time  of  religious  revival  in  America.  It  was  a  day  of  renewed 
appreciation  of  responsibility  at  home  and  of  widening  horizon  for  the 
Kingdom  of  God  abroad.  The  Reformed  Church  shared  fully  in  this 
quickening. 

About  the  year  1800  prayer  meetings  greatly  multiplied  and  became  a 
regular  feature  of  individual  church  life.  In  1812  occurs  the  first  reference 
in  the  Minutes  of  General  Synod  to  devotional  meetings  for  young  people. 
The  Sunday  School  was  adopted  by  the  Reformed  Church  during  the  same 
decade  and  grew  in  numbers  and  influence  very  rapidly.  In  1813  the  devo- 
tion of  the  Reformed  Church  began  to  express  itself  more  often  in  hymns 
as  well  as  in  the  Psalms  which  had  been  used  from  of  old. 


82  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Before  the  Revolution  efforts  had  been  made  to  raise  funds  for  the  sup- 
port of  the  widows  and  orphans  of  ministers.  In  1813  at  the  suggestion 
of  the  Particular  Synod  of  New  York  the  matter  was  revived.  A  society- 
was  actually  incorporated  for  this  purpose  in  1815  but  nothing  of  import- 
ance resulted  until  1837. 

In  1819  the  Board  of  Direction  of  the  Corporation  of  the  Reformed 
Church  in  America  was  incorporated  to  take  charge  of  the  funds  and 
endowments  which  were  under  the  care  of  the  General  Synod. 

The  quickening  of  the  churches  already  established  was  the  reflex  of 
the  missionary  enthusiasm  which  had  been  manifest  from  the  beginning  of 
this  period. 

One  of  the  first  acts  of  the  newly  organized  and  completely  independent 
General  Synod  (1794)  was  to  appoint  a  committee  to  seek  a  union  with 
the  German  branch  of  the  Reformed  Church.  But  no  report  from 
this  committee  appears.  The  work  of  church  extension  had  already 
been  inaugurated,  but  the  impoverished  condition  of  the  country  greatly 
embarrassed  operations.  The  first  voluntary  collections  now  began  to  be 
taken.  Applications  for  preachers  came  from  Central  New  York,  Canada, 
the  Delaware  and  Susquehanna  regions,  Virginia  and  even  Kentucky.  The 
first  church  organized  through  these  efforts  was  at  Chenango  (near  Bing- 
hamton),  N.  Y.,  in  1794. 

These  operations  of  the  church  passed  through  several  systems  of  ex- 
periment until  our  present  Board  of  Domestic  Missions  was  organized,  in 
1832.  In  the  meantime,  however,  by  the  preceding  efforts  chiefly,  about 
one  hundred  and  seventy-five  churches  had  been  organized,  mostly  in  the 
outskirts  of  the  old  settlements  and  in  Central  New  York.  A  number  of 
these,  however,  did  not  long  survive,  from  lack  of  ministers  to  supply 
them  and  members  to  sustain  them. 

(See  Chapter  on  Domestic  Missions). 

The  revived  interest  in  foreign  missions  which  was  stirring  the  churches 
in  England  began  to  be  felt  in  America  in  1795.  The  next  year  the  Presby- 
terian, Baptist  and  Reformed  churches  of  New  York  City  organized  the 
New  York  Missionary  Society  and  began  both  to  pray  and  to  give  for 
missions.  The  Reformed  churches  of  northern  New  York  organized  a 
missionary  society  called  the  Northern  Missionary  Society  which  con- 
tinued from  1797  to  1830. 

In  1816  the  General  Synod  united  with  the  Associate  Reformed  and 
Presbyterian  churches  in  organizing  "The  United  Foreign  Missionary 
Society,"  which  in  1826  merged  in  the  American  Board.  Dr.  John  Scudder 
was  the  pioneer  missionary  of  the  denomination  (1819),  going  to  Ceylon. 
Rev.  David  Abeel  was  our  pioneer  missionary  to  Farther  India  and  to 
China  (1829).  In  1832  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  was  established  in 
union  with  the  American  Board. 

(See  Chapter  on  Foreign  Missions). 

Those  days  also  saw  the  organization  of  many  great  religious  and 
philanthropic  institutions,  such  as  the  American  Bible  Society  (1816),  the 
American  Colonization  Society  (1817),  the  American  Tract  Society  (1825), 


THE     FIRST     GENERATION     UNDER    THE     CONSTITUTION  83 

the  American  Seamen's  Friend  Society  (1826)  and  others.  All  of  these 
the  General  Synod  officially  adopted  as  its  organs  of  benevolence  and  in 
their  work  the  members  of  the  Reformed  Church  took  a  sacrificial  interest. 

Thus  while  the  fathers  of  the  Revolutionary  period  were  finishing  their 
tasks  and  laying  their  burdens  down,  and  the  sons  of  the  new  era  with 
quickened  minds  and  revived  spirits  were  carrying  on  their  work,  the 
Reformed  Church  progressed  toward  her  enlarged  task  in  the  time  that 
was  at  hand.  By  1821  the  40  ministers  of  1792  had  increased  to  129,  the 
116  churches  had  become  187. 

But  the  peace  of  the  Church  was  about  to  be  disturbed  by  a  schism. 
On  the  22d  of  October,  1822,  five  ministers  of  the  Church  seceded.  This 
was  done,  as  they  stated  in  their  "Reasons,"  "on  account  of  Hopkinsian 
errors  of  doctrine  and  looseness  of  discipline."  Their  names  were  Rev. 
Solomon  Froeligh,  Rev.  Abram  Brokaw,  Rev.  Henry  V.  Wyckoflf,  Rev. 
Sylvanus  Palmer  and  Rev.  John  C.  Tol.  Portions  of  their  congregations 
went  with  them.  All  of  these,  except  Mr.  Froeligh,  were  under  suspension 
at  the  time  of  their  secession. 

They  called  themselves  "The  True  Reformed  Dutch  Church."  In  the 
course  of  the  next  nine  years  seven  other  Dutch  ministers  and  parts  of  their 
congregations  joined  this  secession.  At  first  a  Classis  was  formed,  and  in 
1824  they  organized  a  General  Synod  and  formed  two  Classes — that  of 
Hackensack,  N.  J.,  and  that  of  Union  in  central  New  York.  During  the 
first  six  years  they  gathered  26  churches,  some  of  which  soon  became 
extinct  and  others  independent.  In  1859  their  records  showed  that  up  to 
that  time  they  had  had  in  all  34  ministers  and  26  congregations.  Fourteen 
of  their  ministers  had  then  died,  been  suspended,  or  left  the  body,  and 
ten  of  their  churches  had  become  extinct  or  independent,  so  that  in  that 
year  (1859)  they  had  10  ministers  and  16  churches. 

They  continued  a  feeble  and  declining  existence  until  1890  when  the 
remnant  of  this  secession  joined  the  Christian  Reformed  Church.' 

This  secession  caused  a  great  deal  of  annoyance  in  certain  sections  of 
the  Reformed  Church  but  did  not  greatly  hinder  her  temporal  or  spiritual 
growth.  The  Church  continued  to  advance  and  to  send  her  influences 
abroad.  The  Gospel  was  faithfully  preached  and  the  various  agencies, 
denominational  and  otherwise,  continued  to  enjoy  increased  support. 

In  1841  there  were  234  ministers  and  253  churches,  with  about  24,000 
communicants.  It  was  not  until  1845  that  the  number  of  ministers  and 
churches  became  practically  equal — 274  churches  and  275  ministers.  The 
communicants  then  numbered  33,000.  A  time  of  enlargement  by  renewed 
immigration  was  at  hand. 


'See  Manual  Ref.  Ch.   in  Am.   1st  ed.   1859,   pp.   134-7.     Taylor's   "Annala 
<  i  the  Classis  of  Bergen." 


CHAPTER  XVI. 
ENLARGEMENT  AND  PROGRESS. 

Throughout  the  generations  since  the  EngHsh  conquest  of  New  Nether- 
land  in  1664  the  emigration  from  Holland  to  America  had  been  a  negligible 
quantity.  The  Dutch  Church  in  America  had  therefore  had  time  to  be- 
come thoroughly  Americanized.  But  in  1846  began  a  new  stream  of  emi- 
gration from  Holland  to  the  New  World.  These  people  were  colonists 
rather  than  emigrants,  for  organized  congregations  with  their  pastors  often 
came  in  a  body.  They  settled  chiefly  in  Michigan,  Iowa  and  Wisconsin, 
whence  they  have  scattered  to  many  other  localities.  Dutch  names  in  many 
places  throughout  our  western  states  mark  the  sites  of  their  settlements. 
These  Hollanders  were  generally  members  of  the  "Free  Church"  of  the 
Netherlands,  which  was  a  secession  from  the  old  State  Church. 

In  the  eighteenth  century  there  was  a  marked  decay  of  evangelical  faith 
in  Europe;  yet  there  was  a  remnant  of  true  believers;  but  even  these  were 
in  danger  of  sinking  into  formalism.  The  church  greatly  suffered  during 
the  Napoleonic  wars.  William  I  signalized  his  return  to  power  (1816)  by 
largely  destroying  the  old  Presbyterian  polity  of  the  church.  The  church 
government  became  bureaucratic  rather  than  Presbyterian.  A  General 
Synod  was  convened  in  1816  (the  first  since  the  great  Synod  of  Dort  in 
1618-19)  and  a  slight,  yet  important,  change  of  expression  in  the  Subscrip- 
tion Form  for  candidates  gave  occasion  for  a  great  controversy.  The 
question  arose  whether  the  standards  of  doctrine  were  authoritative  because 
they  agreed  with  the  Word  of  God,  or  so  far  as  they  agreed  therewith. 
The  Synod  of  1835  gave  the  right  to  every  candidate  to  decide  this  ques- 
tion for  himself.  This  gave  liberty  for  all  manner  of  error  as  well  as  for 
its  propagation.  Royal  mandates  also  interfered  with  the  internal  affairs 
of  the  church.  The  new  Regulations  of  1816  and  the  Kerk-Besturcn,  or 
Executive  Committee,  controlled  everything.  The  Seceders  subsequently 
declared  that  they  separated  not  from  the  church,  but  from  this  Committee. 

Many  true  friends  of  evangelical  truth  at  first  quietly  submitted  and 
subsequently  gradually  withdrew  from  the  public  ministrations,  hoping  and 
Graying  for  the  restoration  of  purer  doctrines.  Many  of  these  desired  to 
maintain  the  existence  of  the  old  historic  church  and  advocated  the  cause 
of  truth  by  the  press.  But  a  crisis  was  reached  in  1834  with  the  deposi- 
tion of  Rev.  Henry  De  Cock,  because  he  would  not  conform  in  certain 
matters  which  were  contrary  to  his  conscience.  This  brought  him  into 
conflict  with  the  authorities.  But  De  Cock's  church  stood  by  him,  and 
this  was  the  beginning  of  the  Secession.    They  stood  by  the  old  Reformed 

84 


ENLARGEMENT   AND    PROGRESS  05 

Confessions  and  cheerfully  accepted  of  the  act  of  deposition  with  all  its 
practical  results.  About  the  same  time  there  were  several  young  men  pre- 
paring for  the  ministry  who  entered  the  State  Church  and  who  were 
thoroughly  evangelical  themselves.  These  were  Scholte,  Brummelkamp 
and  Van  Velson ;  these  men  and  others  were  deposed,  but  Van  Raalte  was 
refused  admission.  Sympathy  began  to  be  expressed  for  De  Cock,  so  that 
trials  and  suspensions,  even  among  laymen,  became  the  order  of  the  day. 
Large  numbers  now  throughout  the  whole  country  voluntarily  forsook  the 
State  Church. 

In  1836  they  held  their  tirst  Synodical  meeting.  Van  Raalte,  who  had 
tried  various  ways  to  enter  the  ministry  in  the  State  Church,  but  without 
success,  was  now  ordained  by  this  body.  Revivals  followed  the  preaching 
of  these  Seceders  and  new  churches  were  established.  But  they  suffered 
severe  opposition  and  persecution.  Fines  and  imprisonments  were  imposed 
upon  them.  Soldiers  were  quartered  in  their  houses  and  their  meetings 
were  disturbed.  But  all  efforts  to  crush  the  movement  only  made  it  thrive 
the  more.  There  was  a  lack  of  ministers  and  these  people  were  generally 
poor  and  could  not  build  churches.  Laymen  were,  therefore,  trained  to  do 
ministerial  service.  Services  were  held  in  houses,  barns,  the  open  air 
and  even  on  vessels.  There  were  also  some  differencs  of  opinion  on 
doctrine  and  polity  already  among  these  Seceders  and  these  differences 
were    subsequently   emphasized   in    America,    leading   to    the   secession   of 

1857. 

At  length  emigration  was  determined  on,  partly  on  account  of  their 
persecutions,  although  these  publicly  ceased  after  the  abdication  of  William 
I;  partly  in  order  to  enjoy  perfect  liberty  ot  conscience  and  partly  to 
relieve  their  excessive  poverty.  Rev.  A.  C.  van  Raalte  and  Rev.  H.  P. 
Scholte  were  the  first  to  lead  colonies  to  America;  the  first  to  Michigan 
and  the  second  to  Iowa.  Van  Raalte's  colony  soon  joined  the  old  Dutch 
Church.    Scholte's  colony  at  first  maintained  an  independent  position. 

Van  Raalte  arrived  at  New  York  in  November,  1846,  and  soon  became 
acquainted  with  Rev.  Dr.  Thos.  de  Witt,  of  New  York,  and  Rev.  Dr. 
Isaac  N.  Wyckoff,  of  Albany.  A  series  of  articles  in  the  Christian  In- 
telligencer  excited  sympathy  and  aid  in  their  behalf. 

The  emigration  from  the  provinces  of  Zeeland,  Friesland  and  Overyssel 
was  largely  by  churches  with  their  pastors.  Thus  Zeeland,  Mich.,  was 
founded  by  a  colony  of  about  four  hundred  with  their  pastor.  Rev.  Cor- 
nelius Vand^rmeulen.  The  village  and  church  of  Vriesland,  Mich.,  was 
also  thus  founded  by  a  company  from  Friesland  led  by  their  pastor.  Rev. 
M.  A.  Ypma.  Graafschap  and  Drenthe  were  similarly  colonized,  but 
without  pastors.  In  1848  Rev.  S.  Bolks  and  congregation  founded  Overisel, 
Mich. 

The  colony  at  Pella,  Iowa,  came  by  the  way  of  New  Orleans,  under  the 
leadership  of  Scholte  and  did  not  at  once  come  in  contact  with  the  old 
Dutch  Church;  but  ultimately,  through  the  influence  of  the  Classes  of 
Illinois  and  Holland,  the  Iowa  churches  united  with  the  Reformed  Church. 
Some  Hollanders,  as  Rev.  P.  Zonne  and  company,  located  at  Milwaukee 


86  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

and  later  at  Cedar  Grove  (or  Holland)  and  connected  themselves  with  the 
Presbyterian  Church ;  Rev.  Baai  came  to  Alto  and  joined  the  Presbyterian 
Church;  but  most  of  the  immigrants  sooner  or  later  joined  the  Reformed 
Church  in  America. 

In  April,  1848,  all  the  pastors  and  Consistories  of  these  new  Dutch 
churches  in  Michigan,  except  Drenthe,  met  in  convention  in  Zeeland  for 
consultation.  The  churches  represented  were  Zeeland,  Holland,  Vries- 
land  and  Graafschap,  then  known  as  Allegan.  They  organized  themselves 
into  a  "Reformed  Dutch  Church,"  with  the  usual  standards  of  Doctrine 
and  Polity. 

At  the  fall  session  of  this  body  (1848)  Rev.  Cornelius  Vandermeulen 
read  an  invitation  extended  to  them  to  attend  the  Synodical  meetings  of 
the  old  American  Reformed  Dutch  Church.  This  was  gratifying,  but  the 
colonies  were  new  and  poor  and  the  distance  great.  In  July,  1849,  Rev. 
Dr.  Isaac  N.  Wyckofif,  who  could  speak  Dutch  fluently  and  who  was  in 
hearty  sympathy  with  them,  visited  them  as  the  representative  of  the  Board 
■of  Domestic  Missions,  as  well  as  at  the  suggestion  of  the  General  Synod, 
to  inquire  into  their  views,  their  condition  and  their  needs.  He  also  asked 
them  to  unite  with  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church.  On  this  interview  was 
based  his  report  in  1850  to  the  Particular  Synod,  of  Albany.  Their  formal 
reply,  now  styling  themselves  "The  Classis  of  Holland,"  was  also  pre- 
sented to  the  same  Synod  at  the  same  time.  These  papers  prepared  the 
way  for  the  union. 

The  Classis  of  Holland  appointed  Rev.  A.  C.  van  Raalte  their  commis- 
sioner to  the  Particular  Synod  of  Albany  and  he  carried  the  following 
letter : 

"The  elders  of  the  Church  of  Jesus  Christ  of  the  Classis  of  Holland  in 
Ottawa  County,  Mich.,  desire  the  brethren  who  are  elders  of  the  Church  of 
our  Lord  under  the  name  of  the  "Dutch  Reformed  Church,"  gathered  in  the 
State  of  New  York,  to  consider  the  welfare  of  this  part  of  Christ's  flock. 

"Grace  and  peace  from  God  the  Father  in  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  through 
the  Holy  Ghost : 

"Considering  the  precious  and  blessed  unity  of  the  Church  of  God  and 
the  plainly  expressed  will  of  our  Saviour  that  all  should  be  one,  and  also  the 
need  which  the  separate  parts  have  of  one  another,  and  especially  remem- 
bering how  small  and  weak  we  ourselves  are,  therefore,  our  hearts  have 
longed  for  intercourse  with  the  precious  Zion  of  God  ever  since  our  feet 
first  pressed  the  shores  of  this  New  World.  Our  hearts  were  also  strength- 
ened and  we  were  encouraged  in  meeting  with  some  of  God's  people. 
Indeed,  all  God's  children,  of  whatever  denomination,  are  dear  to  us;  but 
in  the  management  and  care  of  our  own  religious  affairs  we  feel  more  at 
home  where  we  find  our  own  standards  of  faith  and  principles  of  church 
government.  It  was,  therefore,  very  gratifying  to  us  to  find,  on  your  side, 
no  narrow  exclusiveness,  but  open,  hearty,  brotherly  love.  This  has 
awakened  in  us  a  very  positive  desire  to  exhibit  our  own  feeling  of  fellow- 
ship and  to  ask  the  hand  of  fellowship  from  you. 


ENLARGEMENT   AND    PROGRESS  8/ 

"We  have,  therefore,  resolved  to  send  one  of  our  brethren,  Rev.  A.  C. 
van  Raalte,  a  minister  of  the  Church  of  God,  as  a  delegate  to  your  Church 
Judicatory,  which  is  soon  to  meet  in  Albany  or  vicinity.  We  authorize 
him  in  our  name  to  give  and  to  ask  all  necessary  information  which  can 
facilitate  the  desired  union. 

"For  him  and  your  gathering  we  pray  from  our  glorified  Head  and 
Mediator,  who  sitteth  on  the  throne  of  God,  possessed  of  gifts  purchased 
with  his  blood,  that  Spirit  in  a  rich  measure  which  he  left  behind  as  the 
Comforter  to  communicate  out  of  the  fullness  of  the  Everliving  One  to 
enable  us  to  glorify  the  Triune  God. 

"In  the  name  of  the  Classis  of  Holland,  convened  in  the  year  of  our 
Lord,  1850,  in  April.  S.  Bolks,  President." 

Such  was  the  official  request  of  the  Classis  of  Holland  to  the  Particular 
Synod  of  Albany  to  be  received  into  the  communion  of  the  Reformed  Dutch 
Church  in  America. 

There  was  some  discussion  as  to  the  proper  mode  of  procedure,  whether 
they  should  be  received  as  a  Classis  or  as  individual  churches.  The  mat- 
ter was  referred  to  General  Synod.  That  body  appointed  a  special  Com- 
mittee to  report  on  this  subject.  They  reported  that  the  Classis  of  Hol- 
land comprised  nine  organized  churches  averaging  one  hundred  members 
each  and  enjoyed  the  services  of  six  ministers.  Reference  was  then  made 
to  the  circumstances  in  the  Netherlands  which  led  to  their  emigration ;  to 
their  industrious  habits  and  Christian  character ;  to  their  descent  from  the 
same  church  as  ourselves  ;  to  the  cordial  reception  everywhere  accorded 
them;  and  to  the  duty  of  welcoming  them  as  strangers  to  ecclesiastical 
fellowship  and  assistance.     The  following  resolutions  were  then  adopted: 

"Resolved,  That  the  Classis  of  Holland  be  received  under  the  care  of 
the  General  Synod  and  be  joined  to  the  Particular  Synod  of  Albany. 

"Resolved,  That  the  religious  condition  and  necessities  of  the  Holland 
Emigrants,  wherever  they  are  dispersed  throughout  our  country,  be  com- 
mended to  the  particular  attention  of  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions." 
Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,  1850,   p.  69. 

These  are  the  only  official  documents  in  existence  in  regard  to  the  union 
of  the  Classis  of  Holland  with  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  in  America. 

At  that  time  the  Classis  of  Holland  represented  all  the  new  immigrant 
churches  except  one  in  Pella,  la.,  and  a  few  in  Wisconsin.  From  time 
to  time  more  Dutch  colonists  arrived  and  the  Classis  of  Holland  naturally 
took  charge  of  their  religious  interests.  It  looked  after  the  new  settle- 
ments at  Kalamazoo,  Grand  Haven,  Grand  Rapids  and  at  several  places  in 
Wisconsin  and  Illinois.  Indeed  the  minutes  of  the  Classis  reveal  a  careful 
interest  in  the  religious  development  of  the  Dutch  settlers  from  Pella  to 
Buffalo.  Plans  for  educational  needs  were  also  proposed  and  these  resulted 
in  the  founding  of  Hope  College. 

But  as  these  emigrants  came  from  different  provinces  in  the  Nether- 
lands different  views  and  tendencies  began  to  show  themselves.  A  spirit 
of  independence  also  existed  in  these  new  communities.     This  was  shown 


88  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

by  the  case  of  the  Rev.  K.  S.  Vander  Schuur,  who  was  called  by  a  self- 
organized  church,  seceded  from  Graafschap,  and  by  the  case  of  the  Rev. 
R.  Smit  and  the  church  of  Drenthe.  Mr.  G.  Haan  became  very  active  in 
opposition  to  the  Reformed  Church,  and  a  pamphlet  was  issued  in  defence 
of  the  secession  of  Froeligh  and  his  companions  in  1822.  Fault  was  found 
with  the  use  of  hymns,  in  addition  to  the  Psalms,  in  the  services  of  the 
Dutch  Church,  with  the  publication  of  Sunday  School  literature  jointly  with 
other  denominations  and  with  the  admission  of  the  members  of  other 
denominations  to  the  Lord's  Supper.  The  fundamental  reason  however 
was  the  internal  discussion  and  suspicion  in  the  minds  af  some  who  had 
brought  their  Holland  prejudices  and  differences  with  them  to  their  new 
homes. 

In  the  fall  of  1856  therefore,  a  secession  movement  was  begun  by  Mr. 
Haan.  The  next  spring  the  churches  of  Graafschap,  Noordeloos  and 
Polkton  seceded  together  with  the  Revs.  K.  Vander  Bosch  and  H.  G. 
Klein.  The  latter  however  soon  returned.  They  called  themselves  The 
True  Dutch  Reformed  Church,  but  later  changed  the  name  to  The  Chris- 
tian Reformed  Church.  This  was  the  name  of  the  secession  Church  in 
Holland. 

Until  1870  the  growth  of  this  secession  movement  was  slow.  After  that 
date  the  Dutch  colonists  who  could  not  keep  pace  with  the  rapid  American- 
ization of  the  Reformed  Churches  naturally  drifted  into  the  Christian  Re- 
formed Church  and  thus  strengthened  that  body.  It  was  also  increased  by 
accessions  from  the  Reformed  Church  because  of  the  agitation  which 
arose  in  regard  to  secret  oath-bound  societies.  Such  societies  were  never 
in  favor  with  the  Dutch  and  memorials  against  Masonry  were  presented 
to  the  General  Synod  in  1868  and  1869.  To  this  the  Synod  replied  that  the 
path  of  prudence  and  safety  lay  outside  of  all  secret  oath-bound  societies, 
but  that  the  Synod  could  not  interfere  with  Consistorial  prerogatives  of 
discipline.     This  quieted  the   discussion   for  several  years. 

In  1880  the  agitation  was  revived  by  a  series  of  lectures  against  Masonry, 
delivered  in  Holland.  Mich.,  by  an  ex-Mason.  This  led  several  classes 
in  the  years  1880  and  1883  to  send  memorials  to  the  Synod  on  the  subject. 
Again  the  Synod  refused  to  take  definite  action  on  abstract  questions, 
and  displeased  with  their  attitude,  a  large  part  of  the  Fourth  Church  of 
Grand  Rapids,  of  the  First  Church  of  Holland,  of  the  churches  of  Drenthe, 
Fynaa'rt  and  Graafschap  seceded.  The  churches  of  Zeeland,  Vriesland  and 
Beaver  Dam  also  sufifered  considerably.  About  three  hundred  families 
and  a  thousand  members  were  lost  to  the  Reformed  Church  by  this  seces- 
sion. 

The  question  of  Free-Masonry  had  not  been  involved  in  the  secession 
of  1857  which  had  led  to  the  organization  of  the  Christian  Reformed 
Church.  But  these  later  seceders  found  that  body  congenial  to  their 
opinions  and  joined  it.  A  little  later  the  remnants  of  the  old  secession  of 
1822  were  also  added. 

The  Christian  Reformed  Church  now  has  nearly  250  churches,  and  a 
membership  of  a  little  more  than  40,000.     The  Church  is  identical  in  doc- 


ENLARGEMENT    AND    PROGRESS  SQ 

trine  and  polity  with  the  Reformed  Church  in  America.  For  the  sake  of 
the  advancement  of  Christ's  Kingdom  the  disagreements  of  an  earHer 
generation  should  be  forgotten,  and  the  two  denominations  should  become 
one. 

But  in  spite  of  this  unfortunate  schism  the  vast  majority  of  the  western 
contingent  remained  faithful  to  the  Reformed  Church.  The  progress  of 
these  new  American  churches  within  the  last  seventy  years  has  been  very 
great.  The  Classes  of  Illinois  and  Michigan  were  organized  in  1841.  The 
Classis  of  Holland,  organized  in  1848,  was  admitted  to  the  Reformed 
Church  in  1851.  Then  came  Wisconsin,  1855,  Grand  River,  1870,  Iowa, 
1885,  Dakota,  1888,  Pleasant  Prairie  (German),  1892,  Pella,  1904,  Cascades, 
1912,  Germania,  1915,  Chicago,  1917.  The  Classis  of  Iowa  was  divided  into 
the  Classes  of  East  and  West  Sioux  in  1918. 

In  1856  the  Particular  Synod  of  Chicago  was  organized.  In  1919  the 
western  portion  of  this  Synod  was  set  apart  as  the  Particular  Synod  of 
Iowa.  These  two  Synods  have  in  1921,  256  churches  and  a  communicant 
membership  of  19,600.  Their  Americanization  has  advanced  rapidly  and 
with  little  friction.     The  English  language  is  generally  used  among  them. 

These  churches  may  be  said  to  constitute  the  immigrant  churches  in  the 
west.  But  it  must  be  remembered  that  many  Dutch  immigrants  of  the  nine- 
teenth century  settled  in  the  east  and  that  a  number  of  strong  churches 
belonging  to  the  old  Eastern  Classes  are  of  recent  Dutch  origin.  These 
churches  report  a  membership  of  nearly  six  thousand.  The  total  mem- 
bership of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  which  has  resulted  from  the 
immigration   since   1847  would  amount  to   nearly   fifty  thousand   persons.' 

Since  the  engrafting  of  this  new  Dutch  branch  upon  the  old  American 
stock,  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  has  been  composed  of  two  ele- 
ments, each  beneficial  to  the  life  of  the  other,  and  each  designed  by  Provi- 
dence to  contribute  certain  important  qualities  to  the  Church  which  is  to  be. 
In  general  it  may  be  said  that  the  older  element  contributed  the  spirit 
of  democracy  and  breadth  of  vision  to  the  united  Church,  and  the  newer 
element  has  contributed  respect  for  authority  and  intensity  of  devotion. 
Both  have  vied  with  each  other  in  consecration  to  the  Master  whom  all 
Christians  acknowledge  as  their  Lord. 

The  Reformed  Church  has  also  been  enriched  by  accessions  from  other 
denominations.  She  has  always  held  wide  the  door  for  the  entrance  of 
clergymen  and  laymen  who  accept  her  essential  doctrines.  From  the  be- 
ginning there  have  been  constant  accessions  to  her  ministry  and  member- 
ship from  various  sources  beyond  her  own  bounds.  Many  men  who  have 
served  her  with  distinguished  ability  were  not  originally  of  the  Reformed 
Church,  and  many  of  her  sons  have  passed  to  other  churches.  It  is  not 
uncommon  to  see  Christians  of  a  dozen  diflferent  denominations  seated 
around  the  Lord's  Table  in  the  "upper  chamber"  of  the  Reformed  Church. 
This  condition  of  fellowship  and  unity  was  never  more  marked  than  today. 

The  Reformed  Church  has  always  been  characterized  by  her  patriotism. 


'Thanks  are  due  to  the  Rev.  Gerhard  DeJonge,  D.  D..  of  Zeeland,  Mich- 
igan, for  his  aid  in  the  preparation  of  this  account  of  the  Dutch-Ameri- 
can churches  of  the  west. 


90  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

In  the  early  days  of  the  Republic  this  was  conspicuous.  In  the  dark  hour 
of  the  Civil  War  her  Synods  took  strong  grounds  in  support  of  the  Union, 
and  many  of  her  sons,  clerical  and  lay,  served  their  country  upon  the  field 
of  battle. 

The  last  great  war  revealed  the  same  spirit  of  loyalty.  At  home  the 
Church  poured  out  her  prayers,  her  service  and  her  treasure  to  "make 
the  world  safe  for  democracy."  Abroad  her  sons  offered  their  lives  even 
unto  death.  Many  pastors  were  released  for  a  time  that  they  might  serve 
their  country,  and  even  those  individual  churches  whose  affiliations  were 
Germanic  hastened  to  give  evidence  of  their  patriotism. 

Times  of  political  crisis  are  often  times  of  enlarged  vision  and  the 
■birthday  of  more  earnest  endeavor.  So  the  Reformed  Church  has  proved 
it.  Spectacular  evangelistic  activities  are  not  in  accord  with  the  genius 
of  the  Reformed  Church.  Yet  the  periods  which  have  demanded  increased 
consecration  and  enlarged  vision  have  found  her  filled  with  a  deep,  quiet 
spirit  of  revival.  So  it  was  in  the  early  days  of  the  nation.  So  she  was 
divinely  strengthened  in  the  late  fifties  of  the  19th  century  in  preparation 
of  the  crisis  of  the  Civil  War.  Thus  she  was  refreshed  with  a  gracious 
shower  of  spiritual  bles«ing  in  the  days  that  followed  that  dark  time.  It 
was  just  at  that  period  that  the  name  of  the  denomination  was  simplified 
by  the  elimination  of  the  oft  misunderstood  term  "Dutch"  from  her  title. 
There  were  extensive  revivals  of  religion,  and  a  rapid  growth  in  missionary 
intelligence  and  enthusiasm.  Many  individual  churches  began  more  earn- 
estly the  training  of  their  youth  in  all  holy  living  and  in  every  form  of 
Christian  Endeavor.  The  Christian  work  of  the  women  of  the  Church 
met  with  fuller  appreciation  and  attained  to  complete  organization. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  twentieth  century  there  were  again  signs  of 
refreshing  and  the  leaders  of  the  Church  paused  to  take  account  of  con- 
ditions and  to  enlarge  their  plans  for  the  future.  Missionary  offerings  and 
activities  were  also  increased. 

From  the  midst  of  her  service  upon  the  table  lands  of  quiet  Christian 
living  the  World  War  brought  the  whole  Church  to  the  mountain  top. 
On  that  lofty  peak,  so  trying  to  the  spirit  of  selfish  ease,  so  inspiring  to 
the  sacrifical  spirit  of  the  Master,  in  company  with  her  fellow  disciples 
of  other  names  she  has  obtained  a  new  vision  of  her  glorified  Lord,  has 
learned  afresh  something  of  what  obedience  to  him  means,  and  has  ad- 
dressed herself  to  her  Progress  Campaign. 

In  the  year  1921  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  has  y^ii  churches  and 
771  ministers.  Her  membership  is  135,634.  She  has  given  for  denomina- 
tional objects,  $1,022,246;  for  other  objects,  $270,279,  and  for  congregational 
expenses,  $2,737,438. 


CHAPTER  XVII. 
THE  METHODS  OF  THE  CHURCH'S  ACTIVITY. 

In  this  chapter  something  of  the  methods  of  the  Church's  activity  will  be 
presented,  the  departments  of  her  work  enumerated  and  some  of  them 
treated  in  brief. 

Those  departments  which  require  fuller  development  will  be  discussed 
each  by  a  specialist,  in  the  following  chapters  of  the  History  of  the  Re- 
formed Church  in  America. 

I.     HISTORY  OF  THE  CONSTITUTION. 

The  constitution  of  the  Church  consists  of  its  standards  of  doctrine,  its 
rules  of  church  order  or  government  and  its  liturgy. 

1.  The  standards  of  doctrine  have  remained  unaltered  and  consist  of  the 
Belgic  Confession,  the  Heidelberg  Catechism  with  the  Compendium  of  the 
same,  and  the  Canons  of  the  Synod  of  Dort. 

2.  The  Articles  of  Church  Government,  as  adopted  at  Dort  in  1619,  with 
the  Explanatory  Articles  adopted  in  1792,  continued  unchanged,  except  a 
few  minor  amendments,  until  1832,  when  these  two  sets  of  articles  were 
thoroughly  fused  into  one  new  expression  of  church  government.  There 
was  no  change  in  the  general  spirit  of  the  instrument,  but  it  was  simplified 
by  its  being  unified,  and  such  modifications  were  made  as  the  experience  of 
forty  years  suggested.  The  system  of  Classical  visitors,  a  remnant  of  the 
old  superintendency,  was  abolished,  and  the  series  of  constitutional  ques- 
tions to  be  asked  of  ministers  and  elders  once  a  year  was  formulated 
in  its  place.  The  limit  of  time  for  explaining  the  system  of  doctrine  con- 
tained in  the  Heidelberg  Catechism  was  extended  from  one  year  to 
four.  The  privilege  of  granting  dispensations  from  the  usual  course  of 
studies  required  of  those  preparing  for  the  ministry  was  abolished.  The 
church  was  also  then  just  entering  on  its  more  systematized  aggressive 
work  through  more  fully  organized  boards. 

In  1872,  forty  years  having  again  elapsed,  a  third  revision  was  under- 
taken, which  was  finally  adopted  in  1874.  The  principal  changes  were  an 
elaboration  of  the  articles  relating  to  discipline;  the  right  of  a  Classis, 
by  a  two-thirds  vote,  to  dissolve  the  pastoral  relation,  one  of  the  parties 
being  unwilling;  and  the  excision  of  the  requirement  of  the  attendance 
of  Deputati  Synodi  at  examinations.  The  privilege  of  granting  dispensa- 
tions from  the  regular  course  of  study  was  restored. 

Because  of  many  requests  for  a  revision  of  the  Constitution  the  General 
Synod  of  1910  appointed  a  committee  for  this  purpose.     Their  labors  with 

91 


92  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

the  necessary  references  to  the  classes  occupied  six  years.  At  the  General 
Synod  of  1916  the  revised  Constitution  was  declared  adopted.  This 
revision  makes  no  change  in  fundamental  principles.  But  it  is  a  great 
improvement  upon  former  constitutions  in  the  clearness  of  its  language,  its 
logical  sequence  and  especially  in  placing  at  its  head  an  article  "Of  Stand- 
ards and  Offices."  Under  the  revised  constitution  of  1916  a  minister  is 
ipso  facto  a  member  of  the  church  of  which  he  is  pastor,  or,  if  without 
charge,  he  may  become  a  member  of  any  church  which  he  chooses. 

3.  The  original  liturgy,  adopted  by  the  Synod  of  Dort  (1619)  was  ac- 
cepted by  the  Church  in  America  (1738,  1771)  and  recognized  in  the  Con- 
stitution of  1792.  It  was  first  translated  into  English  for  the  use  of  Scotch 
and  English  churches  in  Holland.  In  1767  an  amended  edition  of  this 
translation  was  published  by  the  Consistory  of  the  Dutch  Church  of  New 
York  City. 

This  liturgy  consisted  of  sacramental  forms,  forms  for  the  ordination 
of  ministers,  of  elders  and  deacons,  with  certain  forms  of  discipline,  mar- 
riage, consolation  of  the  sick  and  various  forms  of  prayer.  The  Nicene 
Creed  and  the  Creed  of  Athanasius  were  appended,  not  to  the  standards 
of  doctrine,  but  to  th^  liturgy.  The  sacramental  forms  were  required 
but  the  other  forms  were  optional.  Of  these  several  fell  into  disuse  in 
the  course  of  time  and  several  new  forms  were  added.  Such  were  the 
forms  for  the  ordination  of  missionaries,  for  the  dedication  of  a  church 
and  for  the  reception  into  full  communion  of  those  who  had  been  baptized 
in  infancy. 

During  the  nineteenth  century  several  attempts  were  made  to  revise  the 
liturgy.  Of  these  only  that  undertaken  in  1868  received  the  sanction  of  the 
Church.  This  revision  was  published  in  1882  with  appended  Psalms  for 
responsive  reading.  It  provided  in  the  Order  of  Worship  for  the  re- 
storation of  some  things  which  had  fallen  into  disuse,  as  the  repetition  of 
the  Apostles'  Creed,  and  for  the  addition  of  responses  to  the  Decalogue 
and  of  lessons  from  both  the  Old  and  New  Testaments. 

In  response  to  repeated  requests  and  attempts  for  a  revision  the  Gen- 
eral Synod  in  1904,  appointed  a  committee  to  revise  the  liturgy.  Their 
work  was  approved  by  the  Synod  of  1905  and  declared  adopted  in  1906. 
No  doctrinal  changes  were  made  but  abridgements  of  certain  of  the  longer 
Forms  were  prepared,  and  printed  together  with  the  ancient  longer  Forms, 
so  that  either  might  be  used  at  the  discretion  of  the  minister.  Certain 
prayers  for  optional  use  were  also  added. 

In  1767  an  English  Psalm  book  was  published  by  the  Consistory  of  the 
Dutch  Church  of  New  York  City.  Thereafter  constant  improvements  in 
the  hymnology  of  the  Church  were  made.  In  1813  a  revised  edition  of  the 
Psalms  was  published  without  music,  and  with  the  addition  of  172  hymns. 
Other  books  of  hymns  were  added  from  time  to  time,  and  these  have  been 
several  times  combined  and  reclassified.  Thus  it  has  come  to  pass  that  the 
hymns  approved  by  the  General  Synod  include  almost  all  important  evan- 
gelical hymns  sung  by  Christians  of  every  name. 

The   latest   addition   to    the   hymnology   of   the    Church    is    the    supurb 


THE    METHODS    OF    THE    CHURCH  S    ACTIVITY 


93 


Hymnal  of  the  Reformed  Church,  published  in  1920  by  a  joint  committee 
of  the  Reformed  Church  in  the  United  States  and  the  Reformed  Church 
in  America. 

II.    ECCLESIASTICAL   BODIES. 

1.  Churches. — The  churches  now  (1921)  number  seven  hundred  and 
thirty-three.     For  details  and  bibliography,  see  other  parts  of  this  work. 

2.  Classes. — Immediately  after  permission  was  granted  to  hold  a  Coetus 
that  body  divided  the  church  into  Circles.  These  were  three  in  number, 
viz..  New  York,  1747;  Jersey,  1747;  Albany,  1747.  The  Circle  of  Orange 
was  formed  in  1750.  In  1755  an  independent  American  Classis  was  formed, 
while  an  opposition  Conference  of  a  few  ministers,  without  elders,  was  also 
held.  In  1764  these  ministers  with  their  elders,  organized  a  body  styled 
"An  Assembly  Subordinate  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam."  In  1771,  by  the 
healing  of  the  division,  provisional  organizations  were  formed  by  the 
Articles  of  Union,  under  which  five  Particular  Bodies,  or  Classes,  were 
formed;  namely,  Albany,  Hackensack,  Kingston,  New  Brunswick  and  New 
York.  In  all  fifty-one  Classes  have  been  organized.  These  have  been 
modified  by  consolidation  and  rearrangement,  so  that  at  present  there  are 
forty,  as  may  be  seen  by  the  following  table,  the  extinct  names  being 
italicized : 


New  York,  N.  Y 

Albany,  N.  Y 

New  Brunswick,  N.  J.... 

Kingston,  N.   V 1772 

Hackensack,  N.  J " 

Bergen,  N.  J 

Montgomery,    N.    Y 

Paramus   

Poughkeepsie  

Rensselaer    

Ulster  

Long  Island 1813 

Philadelphia   

Washington   1818 

Cayuga   1826 

Schenectady    

Schoharie    

South  Classis  of  Nezv  York, 

1828 

Orange  

Greene 

Passaic    

Illinois    

Alichigan    

North  Classis  of  Long  Island. 
South  Classis  of  Long  Island. 


1772 


-1800 

1800 
1800 


1843 
1814 

1857 
1889 
1826 


1876 
1832 
1834 
1839 
1 841 

1843 


Hudson    1845 

Watervliet    1845- 1857 

Holland    1851 

Geneva  1852-1887 

Westchester   1852 

Arcot   (India) 1854-1902 

Monmouth    1854 

Wisconsin   1855 

Kingston    1856 

Saratoga    1857 

Raritan     1859 

Grand  River  1870 

Newark   1872 

South  Classis  of  Bergen 1873 

loiva   1885-1918 

Rochester    1887 

Dakota    1888 

Pleasant    Prairie 1892 

Pella    1904 

Oklahoma    1906-1911 

Cascades    1912 

Palisades    1914 

Germania   1915 

Chicago    1917 

East    Sioux 1918 

West  Sioux 1918 


94  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

3.  Synods. — When  the  two  parties  came  together  in  1771  they  called 
themselves  "A  Reverend  Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders,"  and  only  dared 
to  talk  of  a  General  and  certain  Particular  ecclesiastical  Bodies.  But  im- 
mediately after  the  Revolution  they  gathered  boldness  and  resolved  tO' 
apply  the  names  of  Synod  and  Classes  to  these  respective  bodies.  This, 
original  Synod  was  a  mere  transitional  body  (1771-92)  between  the  period 
of  infantile  dependence  on  a  foreign  church  and  that  of  complete  independ- 
ence. It  called  a  convention  in  1792,  and  a  General  Synod/  conventional 
in  character  and  entirely  independent  of  the  Church  in  Holland,^  was 
organized  in  1794,  upon  an  Americanized  constitution.  The  old  provisional. 
Synod,  which  had  formerly  been  conventional,  was  henceforth  to  consist 
of  two  ministers  and  two  elders  from  each  Classis,  and  this  now  took  the 
character  of  a  Particular  Synod.  It  continued  to  examine  students  equally 
with  the  Classes,  upon  whom  the  power  was  also  now  bestowed,  although 
the  Classes  could  not  do  this  without  deputies  from  the  Synod  being 
present.  In  1800  this  Particular  Synod  was  dissolved,  and  the  two  Particu- 
lar Synods  of  New  York  and  Albany  constituted.  After  1800  the  Particu- 
lar Synods  ceased  to  examine,  although  their  right  to  do  so  continued 
until  1832.  They  met  yearly,  while  the  General  Synod  met  triennially 
until  1812.  In  1800  it  waS  resolved  that  a  delegation  of  eight  ministers  and 
eight  elders  from  each  Particular  Synod  shall  constitute  the  General 
Synod,  but  not  more  than  two  ministers  and  two  elders  were  to  be  taken 
from  the  same  Classis.  In  1809  a  new  organization  was  deemed  expedient. 
A  delegation  of  three  ministers  and  three  elders  from  each  Classis,  to  be 
nominated  by  the  Classis,  subject  to  the  confirmation  of  the  Particular 
Synod,  was  agreed  to.  In  1812,  also,  it  was  determined  to  hold  annual 
sessions.  In  the  revised  constitution  of  1874  all  Classes  having  more  than 
fifteen  churches  were  allowed  one  additional  minister  and  elder  for  each 
additional  five  churches. 

By  the  constitution  of  1916  each  Classis  having  three  thousand  or  less 
communicant  members  is  allowed  a  representation  in  the  General  Synod 
of  two  ministers  and  two  elders.  An  additional  representation  of  one 
minister  and  one  elder  is  allowed  for  each  additional  three  thousand  com- 
municant members  or  fraction  thereof. 

In  1856  the  Particular  Synod  of  Chicago  was  constituted,  and  in  1869 
the  Particular  Synod  of  New  Brunswick.  In  1919  the  Particular  Synod  of 
Iowa  was  organized. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  these  more  general  bodies: 


>The  General  Synod  was  incorporated  in  1819,  and  administers  much  of 
the  business  of  the  church  through  a  Board  of  Corporation.  More 
recently   the   several   benevolent   boards    have   also   been   incorporated. 

'The  church  in  Holland,  according  to  the  Minutes  of  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam,  never  seemed  to  fully  realize  the  absolute  independence  of 
the  American  church.  The  lemma,  or  article  of  business,  "New  York 
and  New  Jersey,"  was  kept  on  its  minutes  down  to  1810.  For  several 
years  there  was  entered  in  a  sort  of  lamenting  tone,  "Geen  Bericht  van 
Nieuw  York  en  Jersey" — "no  news  from  New  York  and  New  Jersey." 
After  1810,  on  account  of  the  revolution  in  state  and  church  by  the 
Napoleonic  wars,  this  lemma  was  dropped. 


THE    METHODS    OF    THE    CHURCH's    ACTIVITY  95 

1.  The  Coetus  (1747-54).  In  1754  the  Coetus  became  a  Classis  for  the 
whole  church   (1754-71). 

2.  The  Reverend  Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders,  or  the  provisional 
Synod  (1771-92).  In  1793  this  body  became  a  Particular  Synod  for  the 
whole  church  (1793-1800). 

3.  The  General   Synod    (1794). 

4.  The  Particular  Synod  of  New  York  (1800). 

5.  "  "  "  Albany   (1800). 

6.  "  "  "  Chicago  (1856). 

7.  "  "  "  New   Brunswick   (1869). 

8.  "  "  "  Iowa   (1919). 

The  first  volume  of  the  Minutes  of  the  General  Synod  was  edited  and 
published  in  1859,  without  a  very  accurate  understanding  of  the  relation 
of  the  early  ecclesiastical  bodies  to  one  another.  The  arrangement  in  the 
volume  should  have  been  as  follows : 

1.  The  Minutes  of  the  Coetus,  1737,  1747-1754.  (The  Minute  Book  of 
this  body  was  carried  oflf  in  1754  by  the  opposite  party.  The  remaining 
Minutes  of  the  Coetus,  1755-1771,  were  probably  kept  in  another  book,  but 
this  has  not  been  found.  They  sent  copies  of  these  Minutes  to  Holland 
and  most  of  these  were  recovered  by  E.  T.  Corwin  in  1897-8). 

2.  The  letters  of  a  few  ministers,  without  elders.  (These  styled  them- 
selves a  Conference — Conferentie — 1755-1764.  They  attempted  to  organ- 
ize, with  elders,  and  held  a  few  meetings,  1764-1767.  Some  of  the  letters 
and  the  Minutes  of  this  Conference  (1755-1767)  were  recorded  in  the 
Minute  Book  of  the  Coetus.  Many  additional  letters  of  this  body  were 
recovered  by  E.  T.  Corwin  in  Amsterdam  in  1897-8). 

3.  The  Minutes  of  the  General  Body,  1771-1793.  (After  1784  this  body 
was  styled  a  Synod,  a  Particular  Synod,  and  sometimes  even  a  General 
Synod,  the  proper  name  not  being  yet  definitized.  After  1793  this  body 
became  definitely  the  one,  so-called.  Particular  Synod  of  the  whole  Church 
during  a  transitional  period,  1794-1799.  In  1800  it  was  divided  into  the 
Particular  Synods  of  New  York  and  Albany.  The  Minutes  of  the  last 
session  of  this  old  Particular  Synod,  October,  1799,  were  not  recorded  in 
the  Minute  Book,  and  hence  the  editor  in  1859  failed  to  print  them.  They 
have  since  that  time  been  found.  They  are  in  journalistic  form  and  not 
classified  in  lemmata). 

4.  The  Minutes  of  the  General  Synod,  proper,  1794-1812.  (These  should 
have  been  extended  to  1816,  as  volume  ii  begins  with  1817).  The  Minutes 
of  1797  were  for  a  long  time  lost,  but  Extracts  had  been  published  in  1797. 
Only  these  Extracts  are  printed  in  this  volume  i.  But  the  original  Minutes 
of  1797  have  since  been  found  and  are  now  in  the  Archives,  but  only  in 
journalistic  form. 

So  far  as  known  there  are  about  fifty  complete  sets  of  the  Minutes  of 
General  Synod  in  existence. 


96  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

III.    EDUCATIONAL  INSTITUTIONS. 

I.  Colleges  and  Seminaries. 

Queen's  College,  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  first  charter  of  which  had  been 
obtained  in  1766  and  a  second  charter  in  1770,  passed  through  many 
vicissitudes  in  its  earlier  years  before  it  reached  its  present  strength  and 
independence.  Its  name  was  changed  to  Rutgers  in  1825.  Many  of  its 
graduates  haye  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Reformed  Church  and  not  a  few 
the  ministry  of  other  bodies.     (Rutgers  College). 

Union  College  was  also  founded  chiefly  by  the  efforts  of  the  Dutch 
Church  in  the  North  in  1795.  It  is  located  at  Schenectady,  N.  Y.  Many 
of  its  graduates  have  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Reformed  Church. 
(Union   College). 

Hope  College  at  Holland,  Mich.,  was  organized  in  1863  and  incorporated 
in  1866.  The  large  emigration  from  Holland  at  about  that  period  seemed 
to  demand  an  institution  especially  for  them.  An  unusually  large  pro- 
portion of  the  graduates  of  this  institution  have  entered  the  ministry. 
(Hope  College). 

Central  College  of  Iowa  at  Pella,  Iowa.  This  was  originally  a  Baptist 
institution,  the  corporate  name  of  which  was  Central  University  of  Iowa. 
It  was  organized  in  1853  and  opened  in  1854.  It  began  a  full  course  of 
work  in  1861.  In  1916  the  trustees  offered  to  transfer  it  "to  the  Reformed 
Church  in  America  or  to  its  agents  or  trustees,"  without  monetary  con- 
sideration upon  condition  that  an  accredited  Christian  college  be  built  up 
and  maintained  under  the  laws  of  the  state  of  Io\\%.  This  offer  was 
accepted.     (Central  College). 

The  Theological  Seminary  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  This  institution  is 
probably  the  oldest  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  Dr.  Livingston  was  ap- 
pointed professor  in  1784,  and  in  1810  the  institution  was  located  at  New 
Brunswick,  N.  J.     (Theological  Seminary  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.) 

Western  Theological  Seminary  at  Holland,  Michigan.  Elementary  the- 
ological instruction  was  given  at  Hope  College  from  its  foundation  until 
1877,  when  it  was  temporarily  suspended.  In  1884  the  Western  Seminary 
was  revived,  and  has  since  developed  into  a  strong  institution.  (Western 
Theological  Seminary). 

2. .Schools  and  Academies. 

The  first  school  planted  in  the  middle  colonies  was  the  primary  school 
of  the  Dutch  Church  of  New  Amsterdam.  It  was  in  existence  in  1637 
and  had  probably  been  founded  a  few  years  before  that  date.  It  is  still 
rendering  service  and  is  situated  at  241-243  West  77th  Street,  New  York 
City.  To  a  limited  extent  other  colonial  churches  made  provision  for  the 
education  of   their  children. 

The  Dutch  Church  of  New  Amsterdam  also  founded  a  "Latin  School" 
in  1660,  and  before  the  Revolutionary  War  at  least  six  other  such  academies 
were  serving  a  local  constituency.  Of  these  the  most  important  was  the 
school  at  New  Brunswick,  founded  before  1770,  which  became  the  Pre- 
paratory School  of  Rutgers  College  and  which  still  exists.  (Rutgers 
College). 


THE    METHODS    OF    THE    CHURCH'S    ACTIVITY  9/ 

After  Independence  the  organization  of  the  public  school  system  ren- 
dered church  schools  less  important,  but  efforts  to  establish  parochial 
schools  were  several  times  attempted,  especially  in  the  years  1809  and 
1851.    Throughout  the  East  however  the  results  were  negligible. 

Among  the  new  Dutch  settlements  in  the  West,  and  later,  in  mission 
fields  where  the  Reformed  Church  sought  to  minister  to  an  alien  popula- 
tion, the  parochial  school  has  found  a  reason  for  existence.  The  Domestic 
Mission  Board,  the  Women's  Board  of  Domestic  Missions  and  the  Board 
of  Education  have  therefore  frequently  aided  with  advice  or  money 
parochial  schools  designed  to  give  to  children  and  young  people  a  Chris- 
tian education,  and  to  direct  the  attention  of  promising  boys  to  the  ministry 
as  the  goal  of  their  endeavors.  This  work  has  been  chiefly  carried  on 
among  the  Dutch  immigrants  in  the  West,  among  the  Indians,  among  the 
mountaineers  of  Kentucky  and  among  the  negroes  of  the  South. 

From  the  number  of  schools  of  lower  grade  certain  institutions  have 
risen  to  a  permanence  and  prominence  that  requires  special  mention. 

The  Preparatory  Department  of  Hope  College.  This  "Pioneer  School" 
was  opened  by  Mr.  W.  T.  Taylor  in  1851  and  came  under  the  care  of  Gen- 
eral Synod  two  years  later.  When  Hope  College  was  founded  in  1866  this 
school  became  its  Preparatory  Department  and  has  since  continued  to 
serve  in  that  capacity.     (See  Hope  College). 

The  Northwestern  Classical  Academy,  1882,  located  at  Orange  City, 
Iowa. 

The  Pleasant   Prairie  Academy  at  German   Valley,   111.,   1894. 

The  Wisconsin  Memorial  Acatlemy,  first  known  as  Cedar  Grove,  located 
at  Cedar  Grove,  Wis.,  1900.  (For  these  academies  see  chapter  on  Acad- 
emies). 

The  Cordell  Academy,  Cordell,  Oklahoma,  1906.  In  1914  this  Academy 
passed  to  the  care  of  the  citizens  of  Cordell. 

The  AIcKee  Academy,  McKee,  Kentucky,  1905.  In  1921  this  Academy 
was  sold  to  the  Jackson  County  School  Board. 

The  Annvillc  Institute,  Annville,  Kentucky,  1910. 

The  Gray  Hawk  Community  School,  Gray  Hawk,  Kentucky,  191 5. 

The  Preparatory  Department  of  Central  College,  taken  in  charge,  1916. 

The  Southern  Normal  and  Industrial  Institute  at  Brewton,  Alabama. 
This  school  for  the  training  of  colored  children  was  adopted  by  the  Re- 
formed Church  in  1919. 

Other  schools  of  lower  grade  have  been  maintained  at  different  stations 
as   circumstances   required. 

For  the  extensive  educational  work  of  the  Reformed  Church  on  the 
Foreign  Mission  Field,  see  chapter  on  Foreign  Missions. 

IV.    THE  BENEVOLENT  WORK  OF  THE  CHURCH. 

Since  Christianity  is  essentially  altruistic  benevolent  work  has  always 
been  characteristic  of  the  Church  of  Christ.  The  Reformed  Church  has 
not  been  behind  its  fellows  in  this  respect.  From  early  colonial  days 
systematic  provision    was   made   for  the   local    poor,   and   churches   made 


98  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

occasional  collections  for  cases  of  special  distress.  In  1655  the  Dutch 
Church  of  New  Amsterdam  aided  in  the  care  of  certain  destitute  Jews  who 
had  arrived  in  the  city.  At  a  later  day  this  church  collected  funds  for  the 
ransom  of  persons  held  captive  by  pirates.  Pre-Revolutionary  missionary 
activity  among  Indians,  negroes  and  destitute  whites  was  generally  sup- 
ported by  organizations  beyond  the  sea  or  carried  on  by  pastors  as  a  part 
of  their  regular  work.  Occasional  gifts  toward  such  work  were  doubtless 
made  by  individuals.  The  era  of  organized,  systematic  benevolent  en- 
deavor began  after  the  Revolution. 

The  following  is  a  chronological  list  of  the  Agencies,  Boards,  Funds  and 
Societies,  through  which  the  Reformed  Church  or  its  members  have  ex- 
tensively operated.  Some  of  these  societies  were  formed  by  members  of 
the  Church  without  ecclesiastical  action  and  were  subsequently  adopted 
by  the  General  Synod.  Some  were  also  of  a  union  character  supported 
by  the  members  of  several  denominations. 

1.  General  Synod  at  first  sent  out  ministers  on  horseback  on  preaching 
tours  through  New  York  and  Canada,  and  occasionally  to  more  distant 
fields,  as  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  1786-1806.  See  Chapter  on  Domestic 
Missions. 

2.  New  York  Missionary  Society,  consisting  of  individuals  of  the  Re- 
formed Dutch,  Presbyterian  and  Baptist  Churches,  for  labor  chiefly  among 
the  Indians,  1796-1816.     See  Chapter  on  Domestic  Missions. 

3.  Northern  Missionary  Society,  being  a  branch  of  No.  2,  1797-1830.  See 
Chapter  on  Domestic  Missions. 

4.  Classis  of  Albany  was  formally  made  General  Synod's  Standing 
Committee  on  Alissions,  1800-1806.     See  Chapter  on  Domestic  Missions. 

5.  General  Synod  appointed  a  new  Standing  Committee  on  Missions, 
consisting  of  four  ministers  and  four  elders ;  located  at  Albany,  1806- 
1819.  This  operated  chiefly  in  New  York  State  and  Canada.  This  Com- 
mittee was  located  in  New  York  City,  1819-1822,  with  operations  in  New 
York  State,  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania.  See  Chapter  on  Domestic 
Missions. 

6.  The  American  Board  of  Commissioners  of  Foreign  Missions,  1810. 
The  Reformed  Dutch  Church  operated  through  this  Board,  1826-1857. 
See  Chapter  on  Foreign  Missions. 

7.  The  United  Foreign  Missionary  Society,  composed  of  Presbyterian 
and'  Dutch  Reformed  Churches,  1816-1826.  See  Chapter  on  Foreign  Mis- 
sions. 

8.  The   American    Bible   Society,    1816. 

9.  The  American  Colonization  Society,  1817. 

ID.  The  Board  of  Direction  of  the  Corporation  of  the  Reformed  Church 
in  America,  1819.  This  Board  has  control  of  the  Widows'  Fund,  the  Dis- 
abled Ministers'  Fund,  and  as  the  agent  of  the  General  Synod  it  has  charge 
of  the  professorial  endowments,  certain  scholarships  and  other  funds.  In- 
corporated 1819. 

II.  The  Missionary  Society  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  1822-1832. 
See  Chapter  on  Domestic  Missions. 


THE    METHODS    OF    THE    CHURCH's    ACTIVITY  99 

12.  The  American  Sunday  School  Union,  1824. 

13.  The  American  Tract  Society,  1825. 

14.  The  American  Seamen's  Friends'  Society,  1826. 

15.  The  Sunday  School  Union  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  1828- 
1839,  independent,  adopted  by  the  General  Synod,  1839.     See  No.  22. 

16.  Board  of  Education  of  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  1828-1832,  inde- 
pendent. Adopted  by  the  General  Synod,  1832.  Incorporated,  1862.  See 
Chapter  on  Board  of  Education. 

17.  The  City  Missionary  Society,   1829. 

18.  The  Northern  Board  of  the  Missionary  Society  of  Reformed  Dutch 
Church,  1829-1832.  It  was  also  called  The  Board  of  Agency.  See  Chapter 
on  Domestic  Missions. 

19.  The  Board  of  Missions  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church.  After  1844 
called  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions.  Incorporated,  1867.  See  No.  25. 
See  Chapter  on  Domestic  Missions. 

20.  The  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church. 
In  co-operation  with  the  American  Board,  1832-1857.  See  No.  6  and  No. 
2"].     See  Chapter  on  Foreign  Missions. 

21.  The  Widows'  Fund,  1838.  In  charge  of  the  Board  of  Direction  of  the 
Corporation.  See  No.  10.  This  is  an  insurance  for  the  benefit  of  dis- 
abled ministers,  their  wives,  widows  and  infant  children.  The  premiums 
may  be  paid  by  a  minister  or  by  a  church  in  his  behalf.  In  1921  the  fund 
amounts  to  $129,715.79.  There  were  in  that  year  65  widows  and  24  min- 
isters who  received  aid  from  this  fund,  the  amount  received  generally 
being  $200. 

22.  The  Board  of  Sabbath  School  Union  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church, 
1839-1863,  when  it  was  abolished.     See  No.  15. 

22,.  The  American  and  Foreign  Christian  Union,  1849. 

24.  The  Board  of  Publication  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  1854. 
Incorporated  in  1855.  This  Board  was  engaged  in  preparing  and  furnish- 
ing the  Denomination  with  suitable  literature  for  its  Sunday  School  work 
and  to  furnish  other  similar  supplies.  In  1914  the  Work  of  this  Board 
was  enlarged  to  include  beside  its  former  duties,  the  oversight  of  the  Sab- 
bath Schools  and  Young  People's  Societies  of  the  Church,  and  was  directed 
to  seek  to  secure  more  efficient  methods  of  religious  instruction  for  the 
young  people.  A  permanent  secretary  of  this  Board  was  appointed  and 
its  name  was  changed  to  the  Board  of  Publication  and  Bible  School  Work. 

25.  The  Church  Building  Fund,  1854.  See  No.  19.  This  Fund  is  under 
the  care  of  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions.  Its  duty  is  to  aid  in  the 
building  enterprises  of  needy  churches.  This  Fund  was  sometimes  called 
The  Church   Extension  Fund.     See  Chapter  on  Domestic  Missions. 

26.  The  Sustentation  Fund,  1855.  After  1863  this  Fund  was  called  the 
Disabled  Ministers'  Fund.  It  is  in  charge  of  the  Board  of  Direction.  See 
No.  10.  This  Fund  is  not  an  insurance,  like  the  Widows'  Fund,  but  is  a 
charity  for  the  benefit  of  disabled  ministers,  their  widows  and  children, 
when  they  are  in  need.  The  aid  must  be  recommended  each  year  by  the 
Classis  to  which  the  disabled  minister  belongs.    In  1921  this  Fund  amounts 


100  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

to  $257,906.14.  In  1917  plans  were  adopted  for  securing  an  adequate  Pen- 
sion Fund  for  the  aged  ministers  of  the  Reformed  Church  and  their 
widows.     These  plans  are  now  in  process  of  accomplishment. 

27.  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  1857.  In- 
corporated i860.     See  No.  20.     See  Chapter  on  Foreign  Missions. 

28.  Woman's  Union  Missionary  Society,  i860.     Incorporated. 

29.  Woman's  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  Reformed  Church  in  Amer- 
ica, 1875.    Incorporated  1892.    See  Chapter  on  Foreign  Missions. 

30.  Woman's  Executive  Committee  (of  Domestic  Missions  of  Reformed 
Church  in  America),  1882.     See  Chapter  on  Domestic  Missions. 

31.  American  Sabbath  Union,  1888. 

2)2.  The  Arabian  Mission.  Founded  as  an  independent  mission,  1889. 
Incorporated  1894.  Adopted  by  the  Reformed  Church  1894.  See  Chapter 
on  Foreign  Missions. 

Z2,-  Many  other  religious  and  philanthropic  organizations  have  from  time 
to  time  received  the  approval  of  the  Synod  and  have  been  commended  to 
the  churches  for  their  support. 

V.    THE  CHURCH  AND  PUBLIC  MORALS. 

The  Reformed  Church  in  America  has  always  been  active  in  its  co- 
operation with  those  who  are  endeavoring  to  safeguard  the  morals  of  the 
community. 

In  1780  the  Synod  sent  a  "memorial"  to  Governor  Clinton  of  New 
York  "as  representing  the  present  authorities  of  this  land  with  a  request 
to  the  same  to  employ  their  influence  to  suppress  all  scandalous  and  heaven- 
provoking  improprieties." 

For  a  number  of  years  (1783-1791)  the  Synod  and  Classes  maintained  a 
"Lemna"  in  their  Rules  of  Order  which  directed  attention  to  problems 
of  public  order. 

Early  in  the  nineteenth  century  the  cause  of  temperance  became  prom- 
inent. In  1827-28,  resolutions  were  adopted  by  General  Synod  approving 
total  abstinence.  Frequently  thereafter  the  cause  of  temperance  is  men- 
tioned and  in  due  time  references  to  "Prohibition"  appear  in  the  minutes. 
In  1918  the  General  Synod  urged  the  adoption  of  the  Eighteenth  Amend- 
ment to  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  in  1919  expressed  joy 
at  the  result,  and  appointed  the  third  Sabbath  in  June  as  a  day  of  prayer 
and  pastoral  instruction  for  the  better  observance  of  the  Lord's  Day  and 
for  the  enforcement  of  the  prohibition  amendment. 

The  question  of  Sabbath  observance,  however  it  may  appear  a  problem 
of  today,  is  an  old  problem.  In  1781  the  Synod  advised  against  marriages 
on  Sunday  "because  of  the  festivities  connected  therewith." 

In  181 5  a  protest  was  made  against  unnecessary  travel  on  the  Lord's 
Day,  and  in  1853  the  Synod  directed  the  Board  of  Direction  to  sell  some 
stock  of  the  New  York  and  New  Haven  Railroad  so  that  they  should  not 
be  partners  in  that  Company's  sin  of  Sabbath  breaking. 

In  1876  the  Synod  joined  in  successful  efiforts  for  the  closing  of  the  Cen- 
tennial Exposition  on  the  Sabbath. 


THE    METHODS    OF    THE    CHURCH  S    ACTIVITY  lOI 

In  1891  the  Synod  appointed  a  Standing  Committee  on  Sabbath  Ob- 
servance. This  Committee  protested  against  the  disregard  of  the  Sab- 
bath by  the  Columbian  Exposition  of  1893. 

This  attitude  toward  obedience  to  the  Fourth  Commandment  has  been 
steadfastly   maintained   to   the   present  time. 

The  topic  of  Marriage  and  Divorce  has  frequently  engaged  the  at- 
tention of  General  Synod.  The  Synod  of  1899  appointed  a  committee  to 
act  with  other  religious  bodies  in  an  endeavor  to  secure  better  state  laws 
on  such  matters.  It  enjoined  the  ministers  not  to  remarry  divorced  per- 
sons except  the  innocent  party  in  a  divorce  obtained  on  the  ground  of 
adultery.  In  1905  the  Synod  appointed  a  Permanent  Committee  to  rep- 
resent the  Reformed  Church  in  the  'Tnter-Church  Conference  on  Marriage 
and  Divorce." 

Other  reform  movements  have  received  the  attention  of  the  Church 
as  the  need  has  appeared.  The  latest  of  them  being  the  effort  to  purify 
the  Motion  Picture  Industry. 

In  1918  the  General  Synod  merged  its  Standing  Committee  on  Tem- 
perance and  its  Standing  Committee  on  Sabbath  Observance  into  one 
Permanent  Committee  on  Public  Morals.  This  Committee  has  already 
proved  its  usefulness. 

VI.    CHRISTIAN  UNITY. 

It  is  a  truth  to  which  all  Christians  will  agree,  that  divisions  in  the 
church  of  Christ,  so  far  as  they  are  detrimental  to  the  success  of  the  king- 
dom of  Christ  in  this  world,  must,  ultimately,  be  healed.  The  great 
division  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  churches  yet  continues,  notwithstanding 
repeated  attempts  at  reconciliation.  In  1683  an  earnest  attempt  was  made 
by  Leibnitz,  Moranus,  and  Spinola  to  reunite  the  Roman  and  Protestant 
churches,  but  after  ten  years  of  negotiations  the  effort  was  abandoned. 
Many  letters  passed  back  and  forth  between  the  continental  and  British 
Reformers  to  unite  the  Reformed  churches.  Professor  Hermann  Witsius 
drew  up  a  plan  for  this  purpose  for  William  III,  but  nothing  came  of  it. 
In  1743  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  sought  to  bring  about  a  union  of  the 
Dutch,  the  German,  and  the  Presbyterian  churches,  but  without  success. 
In  1783  Dr.  Livingston  expressed  the  desire  that  some  genius  equal  to  the 
task  would  arise,  to  draw  a  plan  for  uniting  all  the  Reformed  churches  in 
America  into  one  national  church.  Notwithstanding  the  seeming  difficulties 
in  the  way,  "I  humbly  apprehend,"  said  he,  "this  will  be  practicable  ;  and 
I  yet  hope  to  see  it  accomplished."  In  1784  efforts  began  to  be  made  to 
promote  friendly  correspondence  between  the  Presbyterian,  the  Associate 
Reformed,  and  the  Dutch  Reformed  churches  in  America.  Committees 
met,  and  articles  of  agreement  were  drawn  up  in  1785,  and  new  articles  in 
1800.  In  1816  special  efforts  were  renewed  to  unite  the  Associate  Reformed 
and  the  Dutch  Reformed  in  closer  bonds,  and  in  1820  to  unite  them  to- 
gether  under   the   name   of    the   Reformed    Protestant    Church    in    North 


'Thank.s  are  due  to  Rev.  A.  D.  W.  Mason.  D.  D.,  for  supplying  the  infor- 
mation contained  in  Section  V. 


102  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

America.  The  standards  of  the  two  churches  were  adopted,  and  individual 
congregations  were  to  be  allowed  their  own  customs  and  usages.  Two- 
thirds  of  the  Classes  were  in  favor  of  this  union ;  but  in  1821  the  Associ- 
ate Reformed  Church  declined  to  press  the  subject  further. 

In  1822  new  articles  of  correspondence  were  drawn  up  between  the  Pres- 
byterian and  Dutch  churches.  In  1873-78  earnest  efiforts  were  made  to 
bring  about  a  union  of  the  Presbyterian  churches,  North  and  South,  and 
of  the  German  Reformed  Church  with  the  Dutch  Church,  but  without 
success. 

In  reference  to  the  Presbyterian  Church  (South),  however,  a  plan  of 
co-operation  was  formulated  which  related  to  publication,  home  missions, 
foreign  missions,  and  education.  This  resulted  in  co-operation  upon  the 
mission  field,  and,  at  a  later  date,  fellowship  in  endeavor  among  the 
negroes  of  the  South. 

Besides  the  effort  for  union  with  the  German  Reformed  Church  made  by 
the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  in  1743,  the  Coetus  party  made  overtures  to  that 
body  for  union  in  1762.  In  1770  Queen's  College  was  located  at  New  Bruns- 
wick, partly  for  the  reason  that  it  would  be  more  convenient  for  students  of 
the  German  churches  in  Pennsylvania;  and  the  names  of  two  German  min- 
isters, Wyberg  and  Du  Bois,  were  put  among  its  first  incorporators.  At 
the  first  meeting  of  the  Dutch  General  Synod  in  1794,  union  with  the 
German  Church  was  looked  forward  to  as  a  desirable  consummation,  and 
a  committee  was  appointed  to  take  "effectual  measures  to  bring  so  desirable 
a  thing  into  effect."  Delegates  were  exchanged,  and  German  students 
were  urged  to  come  to  New  Brunswick.  More  distinct  propositions  for 
union  were  made  in  1820,  and  again  in  1842,  and  at  the  important  Harris- 
burg  convention  of  1844  it  was  thought  that  the  scheme  was  on  the  high- 
road to  success ;  but  in  1848,  owing  to  certain  doctrinal  discussions  in  the 
German  Church,  the  Dutch  Church  withdrew  from  the  scheme,  and  corre- 
spondence was  suspended  for  ten  years  (1853-63).  With  the  tri-centennial 
of  the  Heidelberg  Catechism,  in  1863,  intercourse  was  renewed,  and  a  gen- 
eral efifort  for  union  was  again  made  in  1873,  but  then  the  Dutch  and 
Germans  could  not  agree  on  the  doctrinal  standards.  In  1886  began 
another  effort,  which  was  prosecuted  for  six  years.  The  scheme  of  a 
union  now  seemed  certain  to  succeed,  and  two-thirds  of  the  Classes  of 
the  Reformed  (Dutch)  Church,  and  most,  if  not  all,  of  the  Classes  of 
the  Reformed  (German)  Church,  agreed  to  the  plan  proposed;  but 
some  technical  errors  in  the  reports  of  the  vote  of  the  Classes  of  the 
Dutch  Church  and  other  reasons  delayed  the  consummation,  and  ultimately 
prevented  success. 

But  while  efiforts  for  external  union  were  premature,  the  real  union 
of  the  Spirit  was  advancing  toward  success.  The  Constitution  of  1792 
proposed  correspondence  with  other  churches  "for  the  purpose  of  promot- 
ing union  and  concert  in  general  measures  which  may  be  calculated  to 
maintain  sound  doctrine,  prevent  conflicting  regulations — and  to  promote 
the  cause  of  religion  and  piety." 

Thus  authorized  the  General  Synod  began  to  extend  its   fraternal  fel- 


THE    METHODS    OF    THE    CHURCH  S    ACTIVITY  IO3 

lowship  beyond  the  bounds  which  had  hmited  it  in  colonial  days.  Through- 
out its  history  the  Reformed  Church  has  been  in  friendly  correspondence, 
either  continuously  or  on  special  occasions,  with  at  least  forty  different 
Christian  bodies. 

With  the  growth  of  intelligence  and  charity  the  idea  of  Christian  unity 
has  widened.  In  early  days  an  organic  union  based  on  agreement  in 
doctrine,  seemed  the  only  possible  ideal.  With  the  progress  of  the  suns 
it  has  come  to  be  understood  that  in  spite  of  divergence  in  doctrine,  a 
federal  union  in  Christian  service  is  possible. 

The  chief  organizations  for  the  advancement  of  Church  Unity  in  its 
spiritual  sense  with  which  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  has  become 
allied  are  the  following : 

The  Evangelical  Alliance.  This  was  founded  in  London  in  1846.  The 
American  Branch  was  organized  in  1867.  Its  chief  work  has  been  in  the 
cultivation  of  a  devotional  spirit,  in  conference  and  in  appeals  in  behalf 
of  those  who  suffer  religious  persecution.  The  Reformed  Church  has 
been  connected  with  it  from  the  beginning. 

The  Alliance  of  Reformed  Churches  throughout  the  World  holding  the 
Presbyterian  System.  This  was  organized  in  London  in  1875.  Its  purpose 
was  not  to  merge  the  separate  existence  of  its  members  into  one  large  or- 
ganization, but  to  bring  the  members  of  the  Presbyterian  family  into  con- 
sultation for  the  good  of  the  Church  at  large  and  for  the  glory  of  God.  In 
1884  an  Executive  Commission  was  constituted  and  the  Alliance  was 
divided  into  two  divisions,  the  Eastern  Section  for  the  Old  World  and 
the  Western  Section  for  the  New  World.  The  churches  which  are  mem- 
bers of  this  Alliance  have  a  membership  of  about  thirty  million. 

Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America.  This  organiza- 
tion had  its  beginnings  in  a  conference  in  1905,  but  it  attained  completion 
at  a  meeting  in  Philadelphia  in  1908.  Its  purpose  is  to  draw  the  various 
denominational  members  of  the  body  into  a  co-operation  which  shall  mani- 
fest their  unity  in  Christ  Jesus,  and  advance  the  interests  of  the  Kingdom 
of  Christ  in  America  and  throughout  the  World.  It  has  been  very  useful 
in  preventing  overlooking  and  overlapping  in  denominational  activity. 
At  present  there  are  some  thirty  denominations  in  its  union. 

Council  of  the  Reformed  Churches  in  America  Holding  the  Presbyterian 
System.  The  Reformed  Church  in  America,  the  Presbyterian  Church  in 
the  United  States  of  America  the  United  Presbyterian  Church  of  North 
America,  and  the'  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States  signed  Articles 
of  Agreement  in  1907.  In  1908  the  Reformed  Church  in  the  United  States 
adopted  the  Articles.  The  Associate  Reformed  Presbyterian  Synod  fol- 
lowed in  1910  and  the  Colored  Cumberland  Presbyterian  Church  in  1912. 
The  object  of  this  Council  is  to  develop  spiritual  unity  and  to  promote 
closer  relations  and  more  effective  administrative  co-operation  among  the 
churches. 

A  World  Conference  on  Faith  and  Order  was  proposed  by  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  Church  in  1910.  At  several  meetings  of  this  Conference  the  Re- 
formed Church  has  been  officially  represented. 


104  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

At  a  meeting  held  in  Geneva,  Switzerland,  in  August  1920  it  was  proposed 
that  a  "Universal  Conference  of  the  Church  of  Christ  on  Life  and  Work" 
be  held  in  the  year  1923.  The  Reformed  Church  has  appointed  a  com- 
mittee to  take  part  in  tentative  arrangements  for  this  meeting. 

AUTHORITIES  FOR  THE  FOURTH  PERIOD. 

Corwin,  E.  T.     Manual  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,  especially 
the  1st  edition,  1859,  and  the  4th  edition,  1902. 
A  Digest  of  Synodical  Legislation  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America, 
1906. 

De  Jonge,  Gerhard.     Information  furnished  in  manuscript. 

Demarest,  D.  D.     The  Reformed  Church  in  America,  Its  Origin  Develop- 
ment and  Characteristics,  1889,  4th  ed. 

Mason,  A.  DeW.     Information  furnished  in  manuscript. 

Minutes  of  General  Synod,  XXVI  vols. 

Minutes  of  the  various  Particular  Synods. 

Reports  of  Various  Boards  and  Organizations. 

Taylor  B.  C.    Annals  of  jthe  Classis  of  Bergen,  1857. 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 
RUTGERS  COLLEGE. 

BY   W.   H.   S.  DEMAREST,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  PRESIDENT  OF  RUTGERS   COLLEGE. 

The  people  of  the  Netherlands,  sturdy  in  the  Reformation  faith,  were 
likewise  pledged  to  the  cause  of  sound  and  broad  education.  Therefore 
the  Dutch  were  rich  in  educational  traditions  when  they  came  to  America 
to  make  investment  of  themselves  and  their  possessions  in  a  new  land 
which  promised  rare  opportunity  for  worldly  welfare.  Churches  and 
schools  were  soon  planted,  but  there  was  a  great  lack  of  ministers.  The 
ministers,  it  was  thought,  must  come  from  the  fatherland.  Perhaps  it  was 
the  ministers  themselves  rather  than  the  congregations  that  insisted  on 
this  Holland  education  and  ordination.  Among  them  leaders  must  arise, 
who,  alive  to  the  needs  of  the  churches  and  to  the  trouble  and  expense  of 
education  abroad,  would  give  themselves  to  the  making  of  an  American 
church  and  of  home  institutions  of  sacred  and  secular  learning. 

In  1719  Theodorus  Jacobus  Frelinghuysen  came  from  the  old  country 
and  took  upon  himself  the  charge  of  all  the  churches  in  the  Raritan  Valley, 
in  what  are  now  the  counties  of  Somerset  and  Middlesex.  His  labors  in 
this  widespreading  parish  began  a  new  era  in  its  life.  He  was  an  evange- 
list of  rare  spiritual  power.  He  was  the  progressive  of  his  church  and 
time.  In  1738  he  and  some  men  of  like  mind  held  the  first  formal  con- 
ference looking  to  some  freedom  from  old  Amsterdam ;  and  three  years 
later  an  organization  was  formed,  owning  still  allegiance  to  the  Church 
abroad,  but  undertaking  some  free  privileges.  Here  and  there  a  young 
man  was  taught  in  the  home  of  a  minister  and  in  due  time  ordained  by  a 
circle  of  the  ministers  assuming  that  right.  In  challenge  of  this  hint  of 
independence,  ministers  and  elders  more  conservative  formed  their  rival 
conference,  and  a  sharp  controversy  lasting  almost  a  generation  was  born. 
This  was  Coetus-Conferentie  dispute. 

It  was  natural  that  the  men  of  American  ideals  should  grow  steadily 
in  zeal  for  an  academy  of  their  own.  Colleges  were  founded  by  others 
close  at  hand :  Princeton,  then  known  as  the  College  of  New  Jersey,  in 
1746,  with  the  question  pending  between  1750  and  1752  whether  it  should 
be  at  New  Brunswick  or  Princeton  ;  Columbia,  then  Kings,  in  1754.  Young 
men  would  go  to  these,  or  to  Yale  or  to  Pennsylvania. 

Some  argued  that  the  sons  of  the  Hollanders  needed  no  academic  in- 
stitution of  their  own,  only  a  chair  of  theology  at  Kings  or  Princeton. 

Sons  of  the  first  Frelinghuysen  called  the  party  of  independents  to 
action.     One   son,  John,  was  in   the   parsonage  at   Raritan,   now   Somer- 


I06  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

ville,  serving  churches  that  his  father  had  served  before  him.  There  in 
a  room  set  apart  young  men  were  taught  language  and  theology.  One 
son,  Theodorus,  was  minister  at  Albany,  in  the  old  Fort  Orange  Church. 
He  made  a  journey  on  horseback  in  the  dead  of  winter  through  the  Hud- 
son Valley  declaring  his  cause  and  gathering  strength  from  the  ministers 
and  parishes.  He  then  called  ministers  and  elders  to  meet  at  New  York 
City  "to  deal  with  our  church  affairs,  as  well  as  an  Academy  where  our 
youth  who  are  devoted  to  study  may  receive  instruction."  Assembled  in 
such  convention  May  27,  1755,  men  from  a  score  of  places  approved  the 
proposed  academy  and  a  plan  of  contributions  and  appointed  Mr.  Freling- 
huysen  delegate  to  proceed  to  Holland  in  this  behalf,  giving  him  a  high 
commission  in  sonorous  Latin :  "Therefore  we  *  *  *  do  resolve  in 
these  present  critical  times  to  strive  with  all  our  energy,  and  in  the  fear  of 
God,  to  plant  a  university  or  seminary  for  young  men  destined  for  study 
in  the  learned  languages  and  in  the  liberal  arts,  and  who  are  to  be  in- 
structed in  the  philosophical  sciences ;  also,  that  it  may  be  a  school  of  the 
prophets  in  which  young  Levites  and  Nazarites  of  God  may  be  prepared  to 
enter  upon  the  sacred  ministerial  office."  From  the  day  of  that  deliverance 
the  founding  of  the  College  was  never  in  doubt.  But  it  was  not  to  come 
without  hardness  and  delay.  The  opposition  was  sharp,  especially  from 
the  ministers  in  New  York.  In  Amsterdam  little  sympathy  was  shown. 
After  four  years  of  perplexity  and  of  impatient  waiting,  the  delegate  to 
Holland  took  his  departure.  It  was  an  ill-starred  journey.  We  know 
little  of  it,  but  plainly  he  had  no  very  great  success.  Journeying  home  he 
was  drowned  when  approaching  New  York.  John  Frelinghuysen  too,  at 
Raritan,  had  finished  his  work.  In  his  place  was  Jacob  Rutsen  Harden- 
bergh,  a  young  man  who  had  studied  with  him  and  who  married  his  widow, 
the  famous  Dinah  van  Bergh,  the  Juffrow  Hardenbergh.  He  was  a 
patriot,  a  statesman,  a  man  of  spirit  and  faith.  The  college  enterprise  fell 
into  strong  hands  when  it  came  to  him ;  and  Domine  John  Leydt  at  New 
Brunswick.  Northward  at  Tappan  was  Domine  Samuel  Verbrycke,  with 
whom  attaches,  the  first  reference  we  have  to  the  charter  effort  itself. 
In  a  letter  of  early  1762  it  is  said  this  minister  "had  engaged,  with  other 
ministers  *  *  *  iq  obtain  from  the  Governor  of  New  Jersey  a  Charter 
for  the  erection  of  an  academy  in  that  province"  "and,  when  refused  by  one 
governor,  sought  it  from  his  successors."  In  1763  Hardenbergh  went  to 
Holland'  where,  a  letter  states  "he  has  already  begun  to  gather  in  the 
moneys  secured  by  Rev.  Frelinghuysen."  In  1764  he  himself  writes  "that 
two  governors  have  refused  their  request,  they  mean  to  try  it  with  the 
third."  Their  persistence  was  crowned  with  success,  for  on  November 
ID,  1766,  the  charter  of  Queen's  College  was  granted  by  George  the  Third, 
in  answer  to  petition  of  his  loving  subjects  of  the  Church  of  the  Nether- 
lands. 

No  copy  of  this  charter  is,  so  far  as  we  know,  in  existence.  Its  contents 
may  however  be  known  from  the  second  charter,  granted  in  1770,  a  copy 
of  which  printed  in  that  year  is  in  the  possession  of  the  College.  It  begins  : 
"George  the  Third  by  the  grace  of   God,  of   Great   Britain,   France,  and 


RUTGERS    COLLEGE  IQ/ 

Ireland,  King,  Defender  of  the  Faith,  etc."  It  grants  "that  there  be  a 
college,  called  Queen's  College,  erected  in  our  said  Province  of  New  Jer- 
sey." It  declares  the  object  of  the  College:  "for  the  education  of  youth 
in  the  learned  languages,  liberal  and  useful  arts  and  sciences,  and  especially 
in  divinity,  preparing  them  for  the  ministry  and  for  other  good  offices." 
The  charter  lays  no  church  requirement  on  members  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  or  of  the  Faculty  any  more  than  on  the  students.  It  was  how- 
ever required,  that  the  Trustees  in  electing  a  President  of  the  College  shall 
always  choose  a  "member  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  Church  aforesaid."  It 
provided  for  a  professor  of  divinity.  It  required  that  there  should  be  "at 
least  one  professor,  or  teacher,  well  versed  in  the  English  language."  It 
directed  that  the  Board  of  Trustees  should  consist  of  forty-one  members, 
four  of  them  (later  three)  officers  of  the  Province  (later  the  State)  of 
New  Jersey,  including  the  Governor,  who  should  be  ex  officio  president  of 
the  Board  when  present  at  its  meetings. 

A  call  for  a  meeting  of  the  Trustees  was  issued,  which  recited  the  secur- 
ing of  the  charter,  the  list  of  those  constituted  by  it  the  original  Board 
of  Trustees  and  summoned  the  members  to  assemble  at  the  "County 
House  at  Hackensack  Town"  on  the  second  Tuesday  of  May,  1767.  Among 
these  Trustees — and  those  named  in  the  charter  of  1770  differed  in  only  one 
or  two  particulars — were  Philip  Livingston,  Colonel  Hardenbergh,  and  his 
son  the  minister,  Sir  William  Johnson,  Hasbrouck,  Hoffman,  Brinckerhoff, 
Vrooman,  Ten  Eyck,  Schenck,  Zabriskie,  Du  Bois,  Philip  French,  and 
Hendrick  Fisher,  apparently  the  first  president  of  the  Board  in  the  absence 
of  the  governor.  Meetings  were  thenceforth  called  twice  a  year,  in  May 
and  October :  they  were  held  sometimes  in  New  Brunswick,  sometimes 
elsewhere,  usually  at  the  public  house.  The  College  did  not  start  at  once. 
Probably  lack  of  resources  was  the  chief  reason,  but  lack  of  agreement  as 
to  its  location  may  have  had  something  to  do  with  it.  There  evidently  was 
much  rivalry.  There  is  some  reason  to  think  that  Domine  Frelinghuysen 
of  Albany,  ten  years  before,  had  his  mind  on  an  academy  there  as  the 
good  foundation.  Domine  Goetschius,  it  was  now  said,  had  established  an 
academy  at  Hackensack  as  a  good  prelude  to  the  College  going  there. 
Domine  Verbrycke  at  Tappan  was  equally  alert  in  his  locality.  And 
at  New  Brunswick  (where  Jacobus  Schureman  probably  had  taught 
in  the  very  early  days)  there  was  founded  a  school  perhaps  as  early  as 
1762,  certainly  before  1770,  which,  preceding  the  College  in  actual  work, 
has  continued  until  now,  with  virtually  unbroken  record,  the  Grammar 
School  of  the  College. 

A  meeting  held  at  Hackensack,  May  7,  1771,  decided  that  the  College 
should  be  planted  at  New  Brunswick.  Hackensack  lost  the  prize  by  the 
close  vote  of  ten  to  seven.  The  reason  stated  for  the  choice  was  the 
larger  financial  offer  of  New  Brunswick.  A  fact  also  in  point,  no  doubt, 
was  the  large  influence  of  Domine  Hardenbergh  and  Hendrick  Fisher.  One 
thing  suggested  as  also  bearing  upon  it  was  the  nearer  vicinity  of  the 
German  churches  of  Pennsylvania,  at  that  time  quite  united  with  the 
Dutch,  from  which  students  might  be  expected.     The  town  was  at  that 


108  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

time  still  very  small.  Some  English  settlers  were  there,  and  the  ferry  over 
the  Raritan  on  the  high  road  from  New  York  to  Philadelphia  made  it 
familiar  in  the  Colonial  life. 

When  once  the  place  had  been  determined,  the  start  of  college  work 
did  not  delay.  The  second  Tuesday  of  November  of  that  year,  1771,  five 
years  perhaps  to  a  day  after  the  granting  of  the  first  charter,  Queen's 
College  opened   its   doors. 

The  Trustees  in  announcing  the  College  say  that  they  have  appointed 
Mr.  Frederick  Frelinghuysen  as  the  tutor  who  is  to  instruct  the  students 
in  order  to  prepare  them  for  the  usual  degrees  and  is  also  to  teach  the 
English  language  grammatically.  They  add :  "It  is  supposed  that  the  char- 
acter of  the  gentleman  appointed  tutor  is  become  so  well  known  by  discov- 
ering his  scholarly  genius  in  the  course  of  his  studies  at  Nassau  Hall 
(where  he  had  a  liberal  education)  that  it  needs  no  further  recommenda- 
tion from  us." 

They  also  say  that  the  Reverend  Messrs.  Light  (Leydt),  Hardenbergh^ 
and  Van  Harlingen  are  to  take  the  government  and  direction  of  the  College, 
with  the  tutor  aforesaid,  until  a  well  qualified  President  can  be  procured. 
"The  public,"  they  say,  "ma^  depend  upon  finding  good  and  sufficient  board 
at  private  houses  and  as  cheap  (if  not  cheaper)  than  at  any  other  place 
where  colleges  are  located.  As  said  College  is  calculated  to  promote 
learning  in  general  for  the  good  of  the  community  therefore  the  general 
students  may  be  expected  to  be  treated  with  becoming  candour  without  any 
discrimination  with  respect  to  their  religious  sentiments."  Six  months 
later  the  tutor  himself  advertises  that  the  College  was  actually  started  at 
the  appointed  time.  He  adds :  "Any  parents  or  guardians  who  may  be 
inclined  to  send  their  children  to  this  institution  may  depend  upon  having 
them  instructed  with  the  greatest  care  and  diligence."  "The  strictest  re- 
gard will  be  paid  to  their  moral  conduct  and,  in  a  word,  to  everything 
which  may  tend  to  render  them  a  pleasure  to  their  friends  and  an  ornament 
to  their  species.  Also  to  obviate  the  objection  of  some  to  sending  their 
children,  on  account  of  their  small  proficiency  in  English,  a  proper  person 
has  been  provided  who  attends  at  the  Grammar  School  an  hour  a  day  and 
teaches  reading,  writing,  and  arithmetic  with  becoming  accuracy.  It  is 
hoped  that  the  above  considerations,  together  with  the  healthy  and  conveni- 
ent situation  of  the  place,  on  a  pleasant  and  navigable  river  in  the  midst 
of  a  plentiful  country,  the  reasonableness  of  the  inhabitants  and  the  price 
of  board  and  the  easy  access  from  all  places,  either  by  land  or  water,  will 
be  estimated  by  the  considerate  public  as  a  sufficient  recommendation  of 
this  infant  College  which  (as  it  is  erected  upon  so  catholic  a  plan)  will 
undoubtedly  prove  advantageous  to  our  new  American  country  by  assisting 
its  sister  seminaries  to  cultivate  truth,  piety,  learning,  and  liberty."  Mr. 
Frelinghuysen  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Frelinghuysen,  the  step-son 
of  Rev.  Jacob  Rutsen  Hardenbergh.  He  had  been  graduated  from  Prince- 
ton in  1770,  and  began  work  as  tutor  of  Queen's  College  when  less  than 
nineteen  years  of  age.  No  doubt  he  began  the  work  well,  but  it  does 
not  appear  that  he  continued  long  in  charge  of  it ;  as  he  himself  said,  he 


RUTGERS    COLLEGE  IO9 

'had  learned  patriotism  as  well  as  Greek  at  the  feet  of  Witherspoon,  and 
he  was  soon  busy  at  the  bringing  forth  of  the  new  nation,  serving  with 
distinction  on  the  feld  and  in  council.  He  became  a  Colonel  of  militia 
.and  after  the  war  Brigadier  General.  He  was  eminent  in  the  profession 
of  law.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Provincial  Congress,  the  Continental 
'Congress,  end  the  Committee  of  Safety,  and  was  a  United  States  Senator. 
In  private  life  he  was  held  in  singularly  high  esteem  and  his  death,  on  his 
fifty-  rst  birthday,  seemed  sadly  premature.  With  him  in  the  college  work 
soo.".  after  its  start  was  John  Taylor,  his  classmate  at  Princeton.  Per- 
haps he  had  been  in  charge  of  the  school  at  first.  He  too  became  a  Colonel 
in  the  patriot  army  and  was  as  well  a  trusted  counsellor  in  general  affairs. 
He  remained  in  charge  of  the  College  when  Frelinghuysen  withdrew.  He 
left  his  students  from  time  to  time,  in  the  exigencies  of  war,  but  apparently 
did  not,  for  a  long  time,  surrender  his  responsibility  for  them.  Mean- 
time the  Trustees  were  looking  for  a  president.  No  doubt  Dr.  Harden- 
bergh  was  informally  in  that  position  but  the  Trustees  wrote  to  Amster- 
dam for  advice  as  to  some  one  who  might  come  over  to  fill  the  office  and 
at  the  same  time  be  professor  of  divinity.  The  Church  approving  this,  the 
qualifications  which  they  present  as  appropriate,  in  a  letter  of  1772,  indicate 
that  Trustees  were  perhaps  more  exacting  in  those  days  than  they  are 
now:  I.  He  is  to  teach  theology;  2.  He  is  to  teach  the  languages,  through 
tutors  ;  3.  On  the  Lord's  Day  he  will  have  to  do  more  or  less  of  the  work 
of  a  minister;  4.  He  must  be  a  man  of  tried  piety;  5.  He  must  be  at- 
tached to  the  constitution  of  the  Netherland  Church;  6.  A  man  of  thorough 
learning ;  7.  Well  natured  ;  8.  Free  and  friendly  in  conversation  ;  9.  Master 
■of  the  English  language,  though  he  may  dictate  in  Latin  ;  finally,  he  should 
be  pleased  to  dictate  on  Marks  Medulla!  No  wonder  there  was  no  presi- 
dent secured  for  a  dozen  years ;  and  the  chair  of  theology  even  then  was 
not  fill^.  The  Dutch  Reformed  Church,  having  in  its  wisdom  decided 
to  found  its  own  professorship  in  1774,  after  delay  due  to  the  war,  filled 
it  in  1784  by  the  choice  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  John  Henry  Livingston,  a  choice 
which  was  the  origin  of  the  Theological  Seminary,  the  oldest  in  the  land, 
which  removed  to  New  Brunswick  in  the  person  of  Dr.  Livingston,  in 
1810.  Thus,  at  the  very  beginning,  the  College  and  the  Church  failed  to 
enter  into  the  union  which  had  been  contemplated  through  all  the  years 
preceding. 

The  college  was  housed  in  the  building  at  the  northeast  corner  of  what 
are  now  Albany  and  Neilson  Streets.  The  work  was  at  times  removed 
from  town,  for  New  Brunswick  was  in  the  pathway  of  the  armies.  The 
sessions  were  then  held  at  Hillsboro,  now  Millstone,  or  at  the  union  of 
the  North  and  South  branches  of  the  Raritan. 

The  first  public  commencement  was  in  October,  1774.  The  account 
states:  "Mr.  Matthew  Light  of  New  Brunswick  was  the  only  candidate  for 
the  degree  of  Batchelor  of  Arts,  who  delivered  orations  in  Latin,  Dutch, 
and  English  with  high  applause."  Certain  members  of  the  next  class 
"spoke  with  gracefulness  and  propriety  on  various  subjects."  A  number 
of  ladies   and  gentlemen   of   the   town   entertained   the  audience   "and   the 


no  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

whole  was  conducted  in  a  manner  that  gave  satisfaction  to  the  very 
numerous  and  respectable  assembly."  Dr.  Hardenbergh  presided  that  day 
and  he  no  doubt  did  so  during  his  pastorate  at  Raritan,  which  continued 
until  1781.  There  were  not  many  students  or  graduates  during  those  first 
years,  but  they  were  a  distinguished  group.  In  1783  the  Trustees  chose 
Dr.  Dirck  Romeyn  as  President,  the  minister  of  the  Church  of  Hackensack, 
who  later  in  the  church  of  Schenectady  became  the  virtual  founder  of 
Union  College.  He  was  chosen  because  the  churches  of  New  Brunswick 
and  Six  Mile  Run,  which  were  to  have  the  College  President  as  their 
pastor,  insisted  upon  him;  but  he  declined,  and  in  1785  Dr.  Hardenbergh, 
who  had  been  the  Trustees'  first  choice,  was  chosen.  The  churches  as- 
sented, and  he  accepted.  He  had  been  for  three  or  four  years  in  the 
church  of  Rochester,  Ulster  County,  New  York,  and  he  now  returned  to 
the  neighborhood  of  his  earlier  parish.  In  the  same  year  Andrew  Kirk- 
patrick,  afterward  Chief  Justice  of  the  State  of  New  Jersey,  whose  family 
name  attaches  with  the  College  Chapel,  took  charge  of  the  Grammar 
School.  Student  problems  in  those  days  were  not  entirely  different  from 
those  of  the  present.  We  find  the  price  of  student  board  much  discussed; 
and  the  students  of  Queen's  College  invite  their  friends  to  the  exhibition 
of  a  tragedy;  and  they  address  to  the  Trustees  proposals  of  reform  in  the 
operation  of  the  College. 

The  College,  as  already  said,  was  at  the  corner  of  Albany  and  Neilson 
Streets,  but  in  1787  to  1788  a  change  was  undertaken;  the  College  was 
moved  to  the  site  where  the  Soldiers'  Monument  now  stands,  at  the  foot 
of  Livingston  Avenue.  The  college  hall  was  a  frame  building,  fronting 
north,  without  cupola  or  belfry.  When  the  College  was  through  with  it 
twenty  years  later  it  was  moved  to  allow  street  extension  and  placed  on 
Schureman  Street,  the  north  side,  east  of  George,  where  a  portion  of  it 
still  stands.  The  Grammar  School  also  was  housed  in  the  building  and 
for  a  time  had  its  exclusive  use.  The  College  was  having  hard  times. 
Money  did  not  come  in,  and  in  1790  Dr.  Hardenbergh  died.  He  had  lived 
a  long  time  in  his  few  years.  A  leader  in  the  Church,  College  and  State, 
he  was  worn  out  at  fifty  years  of  age.  After  his  death  the  situation  of 
the  College  became  even  more  serious.  John  Taylor  who  had  taught 
frequently  now  withdrew  to  the  newly  founded  Union  College  to  give  to 
it  the  few  remaining  years  of  his  life.  There  seemed  no  one  ready  to  take 
up  the  work.  A  plan  was  devised  for  the  union  of  Princeton  and  Queen's 
and  in  1793  a  committee  was  appointed  to  confer  with  a  committee  from 
Princeton ;  and  then  the  Trustees  of  Queen's  refused  to  approve  of  the 
proposal  by  a  vote  of  nine  to  eight.  And  at  this  time,  curiously,  there  was 
a  medical  school  attached  for  a  short  time,  certain  professors,  seceding 
from  a  New  York  medical  school,  entering  into  connection.  Dr.  William 
Linn,  of  the  Collegiate  Church  of  New  York  City,  became  acting  presi- 
dent, but  such  formal  leadership  could  not  give  the  College  growth  nor 
even  keep  it  long  active.  The  idea  arose  that  it  was  best  to  give  all  sup- 
port to  the  Grammar  School ;  and  so  after  the  commencement  of  1794 
the  college  courses  were  suspended  and  the  institution   remained  closed 


RUTGERS    COLLEGE  III 

for  nearly  fifteen  years.  The  time  became  the  background  for  the  rare 
character  and  noble  service  of  two  men.  One  was  John  Croes.  The 
Grammar  School  had  been  continued  and  in  1801  Air.  Croes,  Episcopal 
minister,  received  a  call  from  the  College  to  take  charge  of  the  school  and 
a  call  from  Christ  Church  of  New  Brunswick  to  be  its  rector.  He  served 
both  the  school  and  the  church  for  seven  years.  He  had  high  reputation 
as  an  educator ;  the  school  was  advertised  in  the  South  as  well  as  North, 
and  many  students  came  from  a  distance.  His  name  deserves  high  and 
lasting  remembrance  for  the  devoted  and  fruitful  service  he  gave  this 
school  of  the  Dutch  foundation.  In  a  way  it  really  was  the  continued  life 
of  the  College.  He  nobly  represents  the  Protestant  Episcopal  element 
which  through  all  the  history  of  the  College  has  played  so  fine  and  large 
a  part  in  the  Board  of  Trustees,  Faculty,  and  student  body.  In  1808,  when 
the  school  was  still  prosperous,  he  felt  the  double  burden  too  great,  and 
confined  himself  thenceforth  to  the  pastor's  office  alone.  In  1816  he  be- 
came first  Bishop  of  New  Jersey. 

The  other  man  standing  out  in  the  period  is  Dr.  Ira  Condict,  the  Dutch 
Church  minister,  who  became  acting  president.  He  would  not  give  up  the 
College  and  in  time  he  gave  himself  in  rare  self-sacrifice  to  a  new  beginning 
of  the  work.  Chief  Justice  Kirkpatrick  in  1807  offered  a  resolution,  which 
was  unanimously  carried,  approving  a  new  start  and  the  building  of  a 
college  hall,  "in  view  of  the  country's  rapid  increase  in  wealth  and  the 
desire  for  sound  education."  The  General  Synod  of  the  Dutch  Reformed 
Church  was  approached  with  view  to  union  of  theology  with  the  College. 
The  so-called  Covenant  of  '1807  was  adopted.  The  land  of  the  present 
Queen's  Campus  was  secured  by  gift  and  a  little  by  purchase  from  the 
family  of  James  Parker  of  Amboy ;  plans  for  the  building  were  made 
by  John  McComb,  architect  of  the  City  Hall  and  St.  John's  Church  in 
New  York  and  of  Nassau  Hall  at  Princeton.  Dr.  Condict,  Abraham  Blau- 
velt,  and  others  devoted  themselves  to  the  securing  of  subscriptions  and 
to  the  erection  of  the  building,  and  their  devotion  was  crowned  with  suc- 
cess. Through  fifteen  years  only  the  eastern  end  of  the  hall  was  complete; 
part  of  the  west  end  was  used,  and  the  center  was  not  usable  at  all.  Dr. 
John  H.  Livingston  was  elected  President  and  in  1810  he  removed  to  New 
Brunswick  to  serve  the  College  and  to  continue  his  work  in  theology.  He 
had  been  the  church's  professor  in  New  York  and  on  Long  Island  since 
1784  and  he  now  united  the  chair  with  the  College  as  had  been  really 
intended  nearly  forty  years  before.  It  was  understood  that  he  was  not  to 
give  other  college  instruction,  indeed  not  much  college  administration.  He 
was  to  be  the  official  head  and  there  was  to  be  a  Vice-President.  Dr.  Con- 
dict held  this  office  at  first  but  died  in  1810,  worn  out  with  his  abundant 
labors,  and  Dr.  John  Schureman  succeeded  him.  Robert  Adrain  was  called 
from  Columbia  College  to  be  professor  of  mathematics.  The  general  synod 
of  the  Church  was  to  have  a  certain  superintendence.  Thus  we  have  a 
university  plan:  a  graduate  school  of  theology  attached  with  the  under- 
graduate or  literary  school ;  and  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  during  this 
period   there   was,    for   the   second   and   very   brief   time,    also   a   medical 


112  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

school  attached  with  the  College,  growing  out  of  circumstance  similar  to 
that  in  1792.  A  third  incident  of  the  same  sort  occurred  in  1827.  The 
union  of  the  theological  school  and  literary  school  seemed  promising,  but 
it  did  not  prove  enduring.  Theology  was  dominant  and  the  literary 
department  did  not  grow  strong.  Between  1809  and  1816  few  students  were 
graduated.  More  money  was  needed,  a  "professorial  fund"  was  raised, 
but  it  was  for  the  chair  of  theology.  In  the  necessity  for  larger  endow- 
ment a  lottery  was  resorted  to,  as  was  common  in  those  days.  The  Legisla- 
ture granted  the  lottery  privilege  in  1812.  It  was  put  in  the  hands  of  a 
committee  of  trustees  and  they  secured  a  professional  manager.  It  ap- 
pears from  the  reports  that  large  prizes  were  actually  distributed.  It  does 
not  appear,  however,  that  the  College  was  much  the  gainer.  A  happy  inci- 
dent was  the  gift  of  $14,000  by  Elias  Van  Bunschooten  for  the  aid  of 
students  for  the  ministry  or  for  other  purposes  of  Queen's  College.  It 
was  a  large  gift  for  those  days.  It  was  later  increased.  It  was  perhaps 
the  first  gift  of  its  kind  and  it  became  the  incentive  to  large  like  liberality 
from  many  sources  through  the  years  after. 

In  1816,  after  much  debate,  the  literary  department  was  again  discon- 
tinued and  the  building  was  surrendered  to  theology  and  to  the  Gram- 
mar School,  with  some  parf  of  the  building  reserved  for  residence;  for  it 
is  interesting  to  note  that  from  the  beginning  until  1865  professors  resided 
in  the  old  Queen's  Building,  at  either  end.  Preparatory  work  and  theology 
continued  through  the  years  until  in  1824  the  literary  department  was  again 
revived.  A  new  covenant  was  entered  into  between  the  Synod  and  the 
Trustees,  the  Covenant  of  1824,  and  the  building  was  sold  to  the  Synod. 
This  was  done  that  the  College  might  have  funds  to  meet  its  obligations 
and  because  the  theological  seminary  so  largely  used  the  hall.  At  the  same 
time  the  Trustees  made  petition  to  the  Legislature  for  a  change  of  name 
to  Rutgers  College.  The  change  seems  to  us  now  rather  extraordinary. 
King's  College  had  changed  to  Columbia  soon  after  the  Revolutionary  War, 
and  change  at  that  time  is  quite  readily  understood.  Perhaps  the  Queen's 
College  Trustees  felt  that  the  College  had  not  by  high  prosperity  confirmed 
any  name  it  bore  and  that  change  might  help  in  the  new  era.  No  senti- 
ment for  the  old  name  appears.  Henry  Rutgers  was  a  foremost  citizen 
in  New  York  City  and  a  leader  in  the  Church,  wealthy  and  a  liberal  sup- 
porter of  all  good  causes — church,  city,  education,  benevolence.  He  had 
been  a  Trustee  of  Queens  and  a  supporter  of  it.  After  the  College  was 
given  his  name,  not  before,  he  gave  $5,000  to  it,  still  held  in  trust  for  it  by 
the  Synod.  "His  name  is  given  the  College,"  the  record  runs,  "as  a  mark 
of  their  respect  for  his  character  and  in  gratitude  for  his  numerous  ser- 
vices rendered  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church." 

Dr.  Livingston  died  in  1825.  To  succeed  him  Dr.  Milledoler  was  elected, 
who  had  been  for  some  time  a  professor  in  the  theological  school.  He  was 
a  graduate  of  Columbia.  He  had  served  as  pastor  of  Presbyterian  and 
Reformed  churches.  He  was  a  man  of  rare  piety  and  great  pulpit  power. 
The  new  start  was  a  strong  one.  Professor  Adrain  returned.  Professors 
Brownlee,   Woodhull,   Dewitt,    with   Adrain   and   Dr.    Milledoler,   made   a 


RUTGERS    COLLEGE  II3 

splendid  Faculty.  The  service  of  some  was  short.  Brownlee  soon  went  to 
the  Collegiate  Church,  Woodhull  died  after  a  year,  Adrian  went  to  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania;  but  the  high  standard  had  been  set.  Professor 
Nelson,  graduate  of  Columbia,  the  blind  teacher  of  rare  ability,  came  to 
succeed  Brownlee ;  Theodore  Strong,  graduate  of  Yale,  came  to  succeed 
Adrain.  Professor  Nelson  retired  after  short  service  but  was  succeeded 
by  Alexander  McClelland,  graduate  of  Union,  teacher  of  languages,  un- 
surpassed in  his  generation.  James  Spencer  Cannon  of  the  towering  frame 
and  courtly  fashion,  succeeded  Woodhull.  Lewis  C.  Beck,  the  scientist, 
came  in  1830.  Later  came  John  D.  Ogilby  and  Jacob  J.  Janeway.  It  was 
a  splendid  group  of  men,  and  students  came  at  once.  In  1827  there  were 
sixty-four  of  them.  They  had  number  and  spirit  enough  to  start  at  once 
the  two  literary  societies  which  endured  to  the  end  of  the  century — one 
of  them  now  exists — the  Philoclean  and  Peithessophian,  a  singularly  fruit- 
ful influence  on  students'  minds  and  public  address. 

The  first  decade  and  a  half  of  the  new  and  growing  strength  of  Rutgers 
was  under  President  Milledoler.  The  funds  of  the  College  were  somewhat 
increased.  The  Grammar  School  had  continued  to  occupy  rooms  in  the 
old  building  and  the  time  had  come  when  a  new  building  must  be  erected 
for  it.  In  1832  the  work  was  undertaken  on  an  enlarged  plan  in  order  that 
the  two  literary  societies  might  share  the  new  building.  So  it  was  that  the 
school,  in  the  early  '30s,  crossed  the  street  to  the  corner  it  now  occupies ; 
and  the  two  societies  moved  with  it,  to  return  to  the  campus  only  when 
Van  Nest  Hall  was  completed,  fifteen  years  later.  Already  in  1828  the 
graduating  class  was  twenty  men  and  thereafter  about  that  number  was 
graduated  each  year.  An  incident  of  far  reaching  significance  during  the 
time  was  the  great  revival  of  the  spring  of  1837;  starting  with  visiting 
preachers  in  the  Baptist  Church  which  then  stood  just  east  of  the  College, 
it  wonderfully  moved  the  student  body  as  well  as  the  city.  Scores  con- 
fessed their  repentance  and  faith.  The  account  of  commencement  is  of 
occasion  strangely  different  from  the  usual,  solemn  and  intense ;  and 
twelve  out  of  twenty-one  graduates  that  year  entered  the  ministry,  in- 
cluding the  father  of  the  present  President  of  the  College. 

The  decade  was  not  far  advanced  when  the  union  between  the  the- 
ological and  literary  work  of  the  institution  began  to  show  strain.  The 
professors  of  theology  thought  that  they  were  called  upon  to  do  too  much 
college  work.  It  was  urged  that  the  two  schools  should  be  separated  and 
the  property  sold  back  to  the  Trustees.  Dr.  Milledoler  resigned  in  1839, 
serving,  however,  into  the  year  1840.    He  had  done  a  faithful,  noble  service. 

The  Trustees  then  turned  to  a  member  of  their  own  board,  and  from  a 
clergyman  to  a  layman,  and  chose  the  Honorable  A.  Bruyn  Hasbrouck, 
a  graduate  of  Yale,  a  lawyer,  and  a  publicist.  His  home  was  in  Kingston. 
He  had  rendered  distinguished  public  service  in  Congress  and  he  was  a 
man  of  rare  quality.  The  Church  leased  to  the  College  certain  land  on 
each  side  of  the  college  building;  a  president's  house  was  erected  on  the 
one  side  and  on  the  other  side  a  building  for  the  literary  societies  and 
other  purposes.     Dr.   Milledoler  had    lived   in   the  college   building.      Dr. 


114  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Livingston  had  lived  on  the  road  novf  Livingston  Avenue  in  the  house 
on  the  terrace.  The  new^  house,  occupied  by  President  Hasbrouck,  became 
a  center  of  lively  social  life  for  the  College  and  the  aristocracy  of  the  city. 
Accounts  of  the  commencement  levees  abound  in  tribute  to  the  youth, 
beauty,  and  learning  there  assembled.  The  house  was  occupied  by  three 
presidents,  until  1889.  Since  then  it  has  served  as  Fine  Arts  Building  and  as 
the  Alumni  and  Faculty  House.  Van  Nest  Hall  vi^as  built  by  subscriptions, 
and  by  gift  of  Abraham  Van  Nest,  for  whom  it  was  named.  He  was  a 
leader  and  strong  supporter  of  the  Dutch  Church  of  New  York,  a  Trustee 
of  the  College  and  a  constant  giver  and  worker  in  its  behalf.  It  was  re- 
solved, upon  President  Hasbrouck  coming  to  his  office,  that  no  professor 
in  the  seminary,  save  the  professor  of  theology,  should  be  excused  from 
teaching  duty  in  the  College.  This  settled  the  question  for  a  while,  but, 
as  might  be  expected,  was  not  an  enduring  solution  of  it.  Professors 
Cannon  and  McClelland  continued  in  the  double  duty.  Professors  Strong 
and  Beck  also  remained  in  the  Faculty.  It  was  an  able  Faculty,  enlarged 
by  the  coming  of  Professors  Proudfit,  Crosby,  Van  Vranken,  and  others 
as  the  decade  advanced.  The  College  continued  to  send  many  men  into  the 
ministry,  foreign  missionary  workers  and  into  other  forms  of  service. 
The  college  property  was  m  very  poor  condition  and  not  until  1849  was 
it  much  improved.  The  endowment  was  increased  by  about  $30,000  in 
1845 ;  in  1844  modern  languages  had  become  a  part  of  the  regular  course 
of  instruction.  Through  these  years  of  President  Hasbrouck's  administra- 
tion the  connection  between  the  General  Synod  of  the  Church  and  the 
College  was  constantly  growing  less  real.  The  Board  of  Superintendents 
finally,  in  1848,  entirely  omitted  to  make  any  report  to  the  Synod.  The 
sentiment  was  growing  that  the  theological  instruction  should  be  with- 
drawn from  the  building  in  which  the  literary  work  was  done,  for  now  the 
situation  was  reversed:  in  1815  the  theological  work  was  supreme;  in  1850 
it  was  no  longer  so.  President  Hasbrouck  resigned  in  1849.  The  Trustees 
turned  to  Theodore  Frelinghuysen,  Chancellor  of  New  York  University, 
and  finally  secured  him.  He  was  of  the  family  that  had  so  largely  served 
the  College  enterprise,  the  son  of  General  Frederick  Frelinghuysen,  the 
first  tutor  and  later  United  States  Senator.  He  was  graduated  from 
Princeton  at  the  time  when  the  literary  work  of  Queen's  College  was 
suspended,  in  1804,  after  studying  at  the  Grammar  School  of  Queen's 
College.  He  was  a. lawyer  by  profession  and  had  been  in  the  United  States 
Senate.  He  had  been  candidate  for  Vice-President  of  the  United  States 
on  the  ticket  with  Henry  Clay.  He  was  a  leader  in  the  Church  and  every 
noble  enterprise,  the  leading  layman  in  the  church's  organized  work,  presi- 
dent of  the  American  Bible  Society,  of  the  American  Tract  Society,  of 
the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions.  He  was 
President  for  twelve  years,  from  1850  to  his  death  in  1862,  during  which 
years  his  influence  in  public  afifairs  continued  and  his  rare  quality  as  a 
Christian  gentleman  told  largely  on  the  college  generations  that  passed 
before  him.  During  his  term  the  number  of  students  increased  a  little; 
some  professors  continued  with  him  from  the  earlier  time :  Proudfit,  Van 


RUTGERS    COLLEGE  II5 

Vranken,  Von  Romondt.  Into  his  Faculty  came  some  distinguished  men: 
John  Ludlow,  who  came  from  office  of  Provost  of  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania;  William  H.  Campbell,  the  masterful  teacher  of  Biblical 
languages ;  William  Irvin ;  Samuel  M.  Woodbridge ;  Howard  Crosby, 
Greek  scholar  and  preacher ;  Marshal  Henshaw,  mathematician  ;  T.  Romeyn 
Beck;  Gustavus  Fischer;  John  Forsyth;  and  George  H.  Cook,  destined  to 
be  so  large  a  factor  for  so  many  years  in  the  life  of  the  College  and  of  the 
State  and  of  the  Church  as  well.  The  endowment  was  considerably  in- 
creased by  the  securing  of  subscriptions  in  the  form  of  scholarships;  and 
although  no  new  college  buildings  were  built,  the  important  property  item 
of  the  time  was  the  erection  for  the  Church  of  the  Peter  Hertzog  The- 
ological Hall,  north  of  the  College,  to  which  the  theological  classes  were 
removed,  leaving  the  old  building  to  the  college  classes  alone.  For  a  few 
years,  however,  the  theological  professors  continued  to  teach  somewhat  in 
the  College. 

On  the  death  of  President  Frelinghuysen,  Dr.  William  H.  Campbell  was 
chosen,  a  clergyman  succeeding  two  laymen,  as  two  laymen  were  to  follow 
him  in  the  president's  chair.  He  was  graduated  from  Dickinson  College ; 
he  had  taught  at  Erasmus  Hall,  Flatbush,  and  at  the  Albany  Academy, 
whence  came  so  many  distinguished  teachers  to  Rutgers.  He  had  been 
Professor  in  the  Seminary  for  a  number  of  years,  and  he  served  as  Presi- 
dent for  twenty  years.  He  was  a  great  scholar  and  teacher,  a  Scotchman 
of  strong  will  and  personality,  shrewd,  energetic,  with  a  sense  of  humor 
and  with  a  temper  as  well.  He  was  held  in  high  esteem  in  the  Church, 
and  he  launched  an  endowment  effort ;  he  gave  new  vigor  to  the  work. 
New  professors  came:  David  Murray,  who  was  to  go  from  Rutgers  to 
start  modern  education  in  Japan ;  T.  Sandford  Doolittle,  the  preacher,  the 
writer,  the  lover  of  all  fine  things;  Jacob  Cooper,  the  versatile  scholar  and 
devoted  friend  of  every  student ;  George  W.  Atherton,  who  was  to  go  to 
lead  Pennsylvania  State  College  into  its  promised  land ;  and  from  the 
Rutgers  graduation  itself,  Edward  A.  Bowser,  the  mathematician,  and 
Francis  C.  Van  Dyck,  the  scientist. 

A  radical,  far  reaching  event  soon  came  to  pass.  The  Church,  having 
another  home  for  its  Theological  Seminary,  sold  back  to  the  Trustees  of 
the  College  the  land  and  building  to  which  it  had  held  title  since  1826. 
With  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  houses  were  built  on  the  Seminary  campus 
and  the  line  of  family  residence  in  old  Queen's  came  to  an  end.  The 
transfer  was,  however,  with  the  condition  that  three-fourths  of  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Board  of  Trustees  should  be  communicant  members  of  the 
Reformed  Dutch  Church,  a  condition  afterward  changed  to  two-thirds, 
and  in  still  more  recent  years  entirely  removed  by  common  consent.  The 
charter  had  never  changed,  and  in  the  fullness  of  time  the  College  was 
back  upon  its  old  free  platform.  The  Seminary  professors  withdrew  from 
college  work.  The  superintendence  of  the  Synod  was  of  course  no  longer 
known.  But  with  the  definite  separateness  there  remained  the  close 
sympathy  and  mutual  service  which  still  endure. 

But  the   second  great  milestone   of   the   time  was  the   attaching  of   the 


Il6  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

State  College  with  this  ancient  foundation.  The  Land  Grant  Act  was 
passed  by  the  United  States  Congress  in  1862.  The  various  states  were 
availing  themselves  of  its  provisions,  applying  them  to  some  existing  or 
new  state  foundation  or  in  a  few  instances  to  a  college  of  other  and  old 
foundation.  The  Scientific  School  of  Rutgers  was  organized  by  the  Trus- 
tees, and  the  State  government  made  the  Trustees  the  stewards  of  this 
new  educational  work.  The  United  States  grant  proved  for  New  Jersey 
very  small,  a  final  capital  amount  of  $116,000;  but  the  building  on  this 
foundation  has  been  far  from  small.  The  later  legislation  by  the  United 
States  and  the  State,  for  instruction  and  for  research,  has  made  the  work 
of  far  reaching  significance.  Viewing  this  new  service  of  the  old  College, 
it  is  interesting  to  note  that  Simeon  De  Witt  wrote  before  1819  on  the 
necessity  of  establishing  agricultural  colleges  for  the  training  of  young 
men  for  the  profession  of  farming. 

Dr.  Campbell  had  been  President  nearly  ten  years  when  new  buildings 
were  undertaken.  The  small  Observatory,  the  gift  of  Daniel  S.  Schanck, 
was  built  in  1869.  The  Chapel  and  Library,  in  one  building,  and  the  so- 
called  Geological  Hall,  were  erected  in  the  early  seventies.  The  Geological 
Hall,  received  the  valuable  geological  collections  which  were  forming,  and 
housed  the  sciences,  taking  them  from  Van  Nest  Hall.  The  Chapel  was 
built  with  funds  bequeathed  by  Mrs.  Littleton  Kirkpatrick,  widow  of  the 
son  of  Chief  Justice  Andrew  Kirkpatrick,  early  Rector  of  the  Grammar 
School.  These  were  splendid  additions  to  the  college  plant.  The  College 
grew  somewhat.  Large  classes  had  entered  at  the  end  of  President  Fre- 
linghuysen's  time,  the  classes  of  1862  and  1863.  But  the  growth  was  not 
great.  Indeed  some  decline  in  attendance  set  in  toward  the  end  of  the 
decade  1870  to  1880. 

One  of  the  marks  of  the  time — at  the  midpoint  of  this  administration — 
was  the  organizing  of  college  athletics,  before  that  unknown — of  football 
in  1869,  of  baseball  in  1870,  of  rowing  and  of  other  sports. 

Another  mark  was  the  coming  of  the  first  students  from  Japan  to 
Rutgers.  Through  the  missionaries  of  the  Reformed  Church  those  first 
men  of  the  Orient  in  the  search  for  the  Western  learning  came  to  Rutgers. 
Some  of  them  became  very  distinguished  on  their  return  to  their  homeland. 

Dr.   Campbell  resigned  in   1882,   full  of  years  and  honor. 

The  College  turned  again  to  Albany  Academy  and  took  its  head,  Dr. 
Merrill  Edwards  Gates,  graduate  of  Rochester  University.  From  1882 
to  1890  he  filled  the  office,  resigning  to  go  to  Amherst.  It  was  then  the 
Scientific  School,  in  the  educational  current  of  the  times,  began  its  greater 
growth,  and  the  importance  of  the  State  connection  began  to  be  more 
realized.  A  State  Scholarship  Act  was  passed  by  the  Legislature.  The 
United  States  Morrill  Act  and  Hatch  Act  were  passed.  The  Experiment 
Station  was  founded.  Experts  of  the  first  rank  in  the  sciences  related  to 
agriculture  were  added  to  the  staff.  Until  now  the  mechanic  arts  or  engi- 
neering had  been  the  prevailing  line  of  scientific  work  as  in  the  state 
colleges  all  along  the  seaboard.  There  was  some  increase  of  endowment. 
In  1889  Mr.  Garret  E.  Winants  gave  the  dormitory  which  had  been  sug- 


RUTGERS    COLLEGE  II7 

gested  so  early  and  for  years  had  been  urgently  desired.  At  the  end  of  the 
decade,  just  as  his  hopes  and  efforts  had  come  to  high  fruition,  Dr.  Cook 
died,  leaving  behind  the  story  of  a  life  work  unsurpassed  perhaps  in  the 
State  of  New  Jersey  for  familiarity  with  its  people,  influence  on  the  com- 
mon welfare  and  guidance  to  its  natural  resources. 

In  1890  Dr.  Gates  resigned.  Dr.  Austin  Scott,  graduate  of  Yale,  at 
Rutgers  since  1883,  professor  of  history  and  constitutional  law,  was  elected 
president  and  was  inaugurated  in  1891,  continuing,  however,  a  part  of  his 
extraordinarily  effectual  class  room  work.  In  1892  Mr.  Robert  F.  Ballan- 
tine  gave  the  greatly  needed  Gymnasium.  In  1904  Mr.  Ralph  Voorhees 
gave  the  Library  building  to  receive  the  library  collections  which  had  far 
outgrown  the  library  space  in  the  Chapel  building.  The  space  thus  released 
was  made  lecture  rooms  and  office  rooms.  A  third  story  was  built  on  Van 
Nest  Hall  and  the  building  generally  improved.  The  Ceramics  Department 
was  established  and  a  Ceramics  Building  erected  by  the  State  of  New 
Jersey.  The  State  scholarships  were  brought  to  a  surer  and  larger  support 
by  the  State.  The  work  of  the  college  continued  to  develop  and  its  re- 
sources were  somewhat  increased.     The  campus  was  much  improved. 

After  fifteen  years  of  devoted  service  Dr.  Scott  resigned.  In  1906  Dr. 
William  H.  S.  Demarest,  graduate  of  Rutgers,  professor  of  Church  His- 
tory in  the  Theological  Seminary,  was  chosen  and  inaugurated  president. 
He  had  been  a  trustee  since  1898,  secretary  of  the  board  of  trustees  since 
1904,  and  acting  president  of  the  college  during  the  year  1905-6.  He  is  still 
(1921)   president. 

In  1906  Mr.  James  Neilson,  graduate  and  trustee,  who  had  given  the 
land  for  the  gymnasium  and  library,  gave  the  larger  part  of  the  block  on 
which  those  buildings  were  located.  Other  parts  of  the  block  were  soon 
acquired  from  other  owners  by  the  generous  gifts  of  Mr.  James  B.  Ford. 
On  this  block,  the  Neilson  Campus,  adjacent  to  the  Queen's  Campus,  new 
buildings  have  successively  risen  :  the  Engineering  Building  in  1908 ;  the 
Chemistry  Building  in  1910;  the  Entomology  Building  in  191 1;  the  Swim- 
ming Pool  added  to  the  Gymnasium  by  generous  gift  of  Mrs.  Robert  F. 
Ballantine  in  1914;  the  John  Howard  Ford  Dormitory  in  1914,  the  gift 
of  Mr.  Ford.  Houses  on  the  block  were  acquired,  now  used  as  pro- 
fessors' and  students'  residences.  In  1919-20  Mr.  Neilson  gave  the  re- 
mainder of  this  campus  which,  lying  between  the  old  college  campus  and 
the  seminary  campus,  has  been  fully  improved.  The  State  of  New  Jersey  is 
now  erecting  upon  it  a  new  Ceramic  Engineering  Building. 

The  College  Farm  has  been  increased  from  90  acres  to  375  acres  and  the 
State  of  New  Jersey  has  there  erected  several  buildings  for  the  work  of 
agricultural  education:  the  Agricultural  Building  in  1914;  the  Horticultural 
Building  in  1920;  and  smaller  buildings:  the  Poultry  Husbandry  Building 
will  be  begun  in  1921.  The  appropriations  of  the  State  for  the  State 
College,  its  agriculture,  engineering  and  other  departments,  as  well  as  for 
its  scholarships,  have  greatly  increased.  It  also  supports  a  summer  session 
and  short  courses  and  extension  work.  In  1917  it  designated  the  State 
College  to  be  also  the  State  University. 


Il8  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

The  invested  funds  of  the  college  have  increased  from  about  $700,000 
to  about  $1,500,000  with  about  $300,000  of  subscription  to  endowment  still 
payable.  A  campaign  for  one  million  dollars  for  endowment  or  property 
in  1919-20  was  successful. 

With  its  growth  in  property,  endowment,  and  departments  of  instruction, 
the  number  of  professors  and  instructors  and  the  number  of  students  have 
largely  increased.  The  number  in  the  teaching  staflF  for  undergraduates  is 
about  75 ;  the  number  of  undergraduates  is  about  800. 

The  New  Jersey  College  for  Women,  an  aflfiliated  college,  not  co-educa- 
tional, was  established  by  the  trustees  in  1918.  Its  students  number  about 
300. 

Short  Course  students,  150,  Summer  Session  students,  650,  and  Extension 
students,  450,  make  the  total  registry  about  2250. 

The  agreement  with  the  General  Synod  that  a  number  of  the  trustees 
be  members  of  the  Reformed  Church  has  been  dissolved  by  mutual  con- 
sent and  the  requirement  of  the  charter  that  the  president  be  such  a  mem- 
ber no  longer  remains.  A  large  proportion  of  the  trustees  are  still  mem- 
bers of  the  church,  as  is  the  president,  as  are  many  members  of  the  faculty, 
and  very  many  students.  The  college  administers  beneficiary  funds  for  the 
benefit  of  students  for  the  ministry  and  sends  graduates  to  the  Seminary 
every  year.  Several  hundred  graduates  or  sometime  students  of  Rutgers 
College  have  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Reformed  Church.  All  classical 
and  liberal  courses  of  study  are  maintained,  giving  best  academic  founda- 
tion for  the  theological  study.  Graduates  of  the  Seminary  completing  extra 
graduate  studies  receive  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Divinity  from  the 
•college. 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY  AT  NKU 
BRUNSWICK,  N.  J. 

REVISED  BY  J.   P.   SEARLE,  D.D.,  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  THEOLOGICAL   SEMINARY,   NEW 

BRUNSWICK,  N.  J. 

To  supply  ministers  for  her  multiplying  fields  was  the  most  diflficult 
problem  which  confronted  the  Reformed  Church  in  colonial  days.  The 
dispute  between  the  Coetus  and  Conferentie  parties  revolved  around  this 
question.  The  Coetus  party  realized  that  Holland  was  inadequate  as  a 
source  of  supply  for  the  American  ministry  and  attempted  to  educate  and 
ordain  young  men  in  America.  Before  1770  Erickzon,  the  Frelinghuysens, 
Goetschius,  Leydt,  Hardenberg  and  Westerlo  trained  a  number  of  youths 
for  the  pastoral  office.  The  Conferentie  party  continued  to  require  a 
European  Theological  education  in  the  ministers  whom  it  recognized,  or 
at  least  a  special  dispensation  from  Holland  for  exceptional  cases.  Ritzema 
and  Kails  were  the  preceptors  of  the  only  Conferentie  student.  Finally 
the  progress  of  events  compelled  the  Conferentie  to  acknowledge  the 
necessity  of  American  training  and  ordination  but  they  still  differed  from 
the  Coetus  in  regard  to  the  method. 

While  the  Coetus  party  was  struggling  for  independent  American  judica- 
tories and  contemplating  the  formation  of  regular  educational  institu- 
tions, their  opponents  were  seeking  to  secure  a  Divinity  Professorship  in 
Kings  (Columbia)  College.  An  amendment  to  the  charter  of  that  institu- 
tion for  this  purpose  was  at  length  secured,  but  under  such  circumstances 
that  it  was  repudiated  by  the  Dutch.  About  the  same  time  (May,  1755) 
Rev.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen  was  commissioned  to  go  to  Holland  to  solicit 
funds  for  the  founding  of  a  university.  Success  was  expected  inasmuch  as 
Schlatter  had  heen  very  successful  in  behalf  of  the  German  churches  in 
Pennsylvania.  His  departure  was  delayed  for  four  years  and  then  his 
mission,  owing  chiefly  to  the  schism  in  the  church,  was  unproductive. 

Eight  years  later,  when  J.  H.  Livingston  was  in  Holland  preparing  for 
the  ministry,  he  proposed  to  his  friends  in  America  that  both  contending 
parties  should  fix  on  some  boy  and  send  him  to  Holland  to  be  trained  for 
a  professor  in  the  American  churches  (liberal  friends  in  Holland  promis- 
ing to  defray  the  expenses),  and  thus,  ultimately,  the  schism  might  be 
healed  and  the  churches  here  supplied  with  a  satisfactory  ministry. 

But  soon  after  this  he  formed  the  acquaintance  of  Dr.  Witherspoon,  who 
had  been  called  from  Great  Britain  to  take  the  presidency  of  the  college  at 

119 


I20  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Princeton  and  who  visited  Holland  before  embarking  for  America.  At- 
tempts were  now  made  to  secure  arrangements  for  the  education  of  a 
ministry  for  the  Reformed  Church  at  the  Princeton  institutions,  but  the 
party  leaders  in  America  objecting  to  the  proposition,  the  plan  failed. 

At  length,  when  a  union  of  the  two  parties  was  efifected,  one  of  the 
articles  of  union  expressly  stipulated  that  one  or  more  professors  of 
Theology  should  be  chosen  from  the  Netherlands  by  the  advice  of  the 
Classis.  Another  article,  apparently  added  as  an  amendment,  stipulated 
that  such  professors  should  have  no  connection  with  any  English  acade- 
mies, but  should  deliver  lectures  on  theology,  etc.,  in  their  ozvn  houses. 
This  expression  was  intended  to  destroy  every  thought  of  union  with  the 
Princeton  institutions  and  with  Kings  College.  Neither  of  these  institu- 
tions, and  not  even  Queen's,  is  mentioned  by  name  in  the  articles  of  union. 
Yet  young  men  were  only  to  begin  their  theological  studies  upon  the 
presentation  of  suitable  testimonials  of  a  liberal  education. 

As  the  Synod  had  no  funds,  no  steps  were  taken  by  it  to  call  a  professor. 
Some  of  the  principal  churches  in  the  North  yet  standing  aloof  from  the 
union,  it  was  feared  that  premature  action  might  endanger  the  prospects 
of  the  theological  endowmenj:.  In  the  meantime  Synod  advised  students  to 
study  at  their  own  convenience  with  Drs.  Livingston,  Westerlo,  Rysdyck, 
Hardenbergh  or  Goetschius.  During  this  period  only  thirteen  students 
were  licensed  or  passed  into  the  ministry. 

While  the  subject  of  the  professorship  was  thus  pending  the  trustees 
of  Queen's  College  sought  to  carry  out  the  plans  of  the  Coetus  party  by 
calling  Rev.  John  Brown,  of  Haddington,  Scotland,  to  become  their  Pro- 
fessor of  Divinity.  He,  however,  declined.  Their  funds  soon  after  this 
(1772)  reached  the  sum  of  £4,000.  They  subsequently  wrote  to  the  Classis 
of  Amsterdam  and  to  the  Theological  Faculty  at  Utrecht  to  recommend 
to  them  a  Professor  of  Theology  to  be  also  president  of  their  college  and 
a  member  of  the  ecclesiastical  judicatories  in  America.  The  Synod  in  1773 
ventured  to  indorse  this  action  of  the  trustees  (though  trenching  closely 
on  the  articles  of  union)  virtually  promising  to  accept  their  professor  if 
their  plans  should  succeed.  The  Synod  also  wrote  to  the  Classis  con- 
cerning their  action,  at  the  same  time  promising  the  trustees  to  help  them 
in  securing  funds  from  the  churches,  but  binding  the  trustees,  by  the 
forfeiture  of  their  funds  to  certain  congregations  to  be  named,  that  their 
Professor  of  Divinity  should  belong  to  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church,  in 
fellowship  with  the  Church  of  the  Netherlands.  The  Classis  responded  to 
the  communications  of  both  Synod  and  the  trustees,  asking  for  further 
information.  Probably  this  attempted  union  made  them  suspect  the  ex- 
istence of  party  spirit  yet  surviving.  The  Synod  also  betrayed  anxiety  lest 
their  conduct,  in  the  expressive  language  of  their  own  minutes,  should  be 
overhauled.  The  next  year,  however,  the  Classis,  with  the  concurrence 
of  the  Theological  Faculty  at  Utrecht,  recommended  their  last  American 
student.  Dr.  Livingston,  as  the  professor.  But  the  battle  of  Lexington  had 
already  been  fought  and  the  subject  was  delayed  until  the  close  of  the 
Revolution. 


THEOLOGICAL   SEMINARY   AT    NEW   BRUNSWICK,    N.   J.  121 

After  the  dawn  of  freedom  the  subject  of  the  professorship  at  once 
occupied  the  attention  of  the  churches.  Dr.  Livingston  was  in  favor  of 
having  a  Divinity  Hall  opened  in  New  Brunswick,  because  it  was  the  most 
central  place  for  all  portions  of  the  Reformed  Church.  The  idea  of  a 
professorship  in  Columbia  College  he  considered  unwise;  he  would  have 
cordially  indorsed  a  union  with  the  Princeton  institutions,  but  believed  that 
prejudices  were  too  strong  to  effect  it. 

The  trustees  of  Queen's  College  were  without  funds.  They  sought  again 
the  patronage  of  the  church,  but  the  Synod  felt  inclined  to  postpone  the 
consideration  of  their  proposals.  The  Legislature  of  New  York  had  just 
passed  an  act  relative  to  the  establishment  of  a  university  and  it  was 
thought  best  to  wait  for  developments.  The  church  of  Schenectady 
solicited  the  establishment  of  a  seminary  in  that  place,  while  Hackensack 
put  in  a  similar  plea,  especially  if  the  college  should  be  removed  from 
New  Brunswick.  The  Synod  also  believed  that  the  Theological  Professor-  . 
ship  ought  to  exist  without  connection  with  any  college.  Yet  they  felt 
under  obligation  to  the  institution  at  New  Brunswick  and  exhorted  the 
trustees  to  keep  it  alive.  They  also  encouraged  the  proposition  from 
Schenectady,  believing  that  a  college  there  would  not  conflict  with  Queen's 
College,  and  appointed  a  committee  to  assist  in  its  formation.  (Union 
College).  But  they  resolved  that  their  Theological  Professor  should  reside 
in  New  York  and  requested  the  consistory  of  tl^e  church  in  that  city  to 
make  the  best  arrangement  possible  with   him. 

In  October,  1784,  Dr.  J.  H.  Livingston  was  chosen  Professor  of  Theology 
by  the  provisional  Synod,  and  Dr.  H.  Meyer,  pastor  at  Totowa  and  Pomp- 
ton  Plains,  Professor  of  Languages.  No  student  could  be  admitted  to 
examination  for  licensure  without  producing  a  certificate  from  Dr.  Living- 
ston, and  for  which,  as  a  suitable  honorarium,  he  was  to  receive  five 
pounds.  The  church  of  New  York  was  requested  to  relieve  the  professor 
of  part  of  his  services,  but  this  was  not  done  until  twelve  years  later. 
Dr.  Livingston  assumed  his  position  on  the  nineteenth  day  of  May,  1785, 
by  delivering  a  learned  and  elegant  address  in  Latin  on  The  Truth  of  the 
Christian  Religion  in  the  church  in  Garden  Street.' 

But  the  expense  of  living  in  the  city  was  great  and  therefore  some  of  the 
students  prosecuted  their  studies  under  their  own  pastors  or  other  min- 
isters. This  compelled  the  Synod  two  years  after  the  appointment  of 
their  professor  (1786)  to  appoint  a  suitable  Lector  in  Theology  and  all 
were  exhorted  to  seek  instruction  from  the  Professor  or  Lector.  Dr. 
Meyer,  of  Pompton  Plains,  was  appointed  also  to  this  station. 

In  May,  1791,  the  Synod  first  took  active  measures  to  attempt  to  raise 
a  fund  for  the  support  of  the  professor.  He  had  as  yet  received  only 
a  few  honoraria  from  students  who  were  able  to  pay,  and  the  Synod  had 
paid  the  same  for  a  few  others.  It  was  therefore  proposed  that  a  subscrip- 
tion should  be-  circulated  through  the  congregations,  that  the  money  should 
be   paid   semi-annually   in   six   installments   and   should   be   deposited   as   a 


'This  was  reprinted  in  Latin  in  "Centennial  Discourses,"  1876,  first  edi- 
tion, and  also  in  pamphlet  form. 


122  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

capital  fund  in  the  Bank  of  New  York  or  some  national  bank,  and  that  it 
should  be  allowed  to  accumulate  till  a  sufficient  fund  were  procured.  Mr. 
Peter  Wilson,  of  New  York,  was  made  the  agent  to  receive  the  funds  and 
the  consistory  of-  the  church  in  New  York  were  made  the  trustees  of  the 
same.  This  action  alarmed  the  trustees  of  Queen's  College  (October, 
1791)  and  again  they  zealously  urged  their  institution  on  the  attention  of 
the  Synod  and  secured  a  postponement  of  the  above  action.  They  requested 
the  Synod  to  recommend  to  them  some  Professor  of  Theology  to  be  also 
President  of  their  college,  in  agreement  with  the  expectations  excited  in 
1773.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  confer  with  them  in  reference  to  the 
best  method  of  raising  funds,  but  the  Synod  declined  for  the  present  to 
recommend  a  Theological  Professor  to  them  till  their  institution  was 
properly  endowed.  The  next  year  (1792)  two  new  Lectors  in  Theology 
were  appointed  for  the  convenience  and  economy  of  the  students ;  namely, 
Solomon  Froeligh,  at  Hackensack,  and  Dirck  Romeyn,  at  Schenectady. 

In  1793  the  Synod  was  greatly  offended  because  the  trustees  of  Queen's 
College  had  made  propositions  of  union  to  the  trustees  of  the  college  at 
Princeton.  They  therefore  directed  that  any  ministers  having  funds  in 
hand  for  Queen's  College  should  reserve  them  till  further  directed  and  all 
action  for  the  endowment  of  a  Theological  Professor  in  that  institution 
was  for  the  present  suspended.  The  Classis  of  Hackensack  also  complained 
that  the  Synodical  Pro/essorship  had  been  constantly  interfered  with 
through  the  distraction  occasioned  by  the  propositions  of  the  trustees 
and  that  if  a  Professorshiff  of  Theology  were  established  in  that  institu- 
tion it  would  be  only  a  subordinate  office.  They  urged  the  Synod  to 
establish  a  professorial  school  at  once  and  have  a  professor  to  devote 
his  whole  time  to  it  alone.  The  Synod  agreed  with  the  Classis  of  Hacken- 
sack and  lamented  that  circumstances  had  frustrated  their  plans.  They 
therefore  determined  to  renew  their  efforts  to  endow  an  independent  Theo- 
logical Professorship  (1793). 

At  the  first  meeting  of  the  newly  constituted  General  Synod  in  June, 
1794,  a  committee  was  appointed  to  report  during  the  session  on  this  sub- 
ject. They  reported  that  no  union  could  be  efifected  with  Queen's  College 
as  long  as  it  was  situated  at  New  Brunswick,  that  it  ought  to  be  re- 
moved to  Bergen  or  Hackensack  and  a  committee  was  appointed  to  confer 
with  the  trustees  on  this  subject.  But  at  the  same  time  they  reported  that 
the  Divinity  School  could  not  flourish  in  New  York  on  account  of  the 
cost  of  living;  that  its  continuance  there  prevented  the  collection  of  a 
fund;  that  the  professor  ought  to  remove  to  Flatbush,  where  a  classical 
academy  already  existed,  or  to  some  other  convenient  place.  The  Con- 
sistory of  the  church  in  New  York  were  again  asked  to  relieve  the  pro- 
fessor of  some  of  his  duties  and  to  make  a  just  and  equitable  arrangement 
with  him.  The  Synod  also  promised  to  urge  the  matter  of  the  fund. 
They  requested  Peter  Wilson,  John  Vanderbilt,  Robert  Benson  and  Richard 
Varick  to  become  the  trustees  of  said  fund,  instead  of  the  New  York 
consistory.  They,  moreover,  permitted  the  moneys  which  had  been  col- 
lected for  Queen's  College  to  be  paid  over  to  the  trustees,  as  all  thought 


THEOLOGICAL   SEMINARY   AT    NEW   BRUNSWICK,    N.   J.  I23 

of  coalition  with  Princeton  College  was  abandoned.  If  the  trustees  should 
become  willing  to  move  the  location  of  their  college  within  three  months 
the  committee  appointed  to  confer  with  them  were  empowered  to  call  an 
extra  meeting  of  the  Synod.  A  copy  of  the  action  of  1794  was  sent  to 
■every  church. 

Owing,  probably,  to  difficulties  in  making  the  necessary  arrangements 
with  his  consistory,  Professor  Livingston  did  not  remove  to  Flatbush  till 
the  spring  of  1796,  relinquishing  half  of  his  services  and  half  of  his  salary 
in  the  city  and  receiving  nothing  in  return.  He  spent  four  days  at  Flat- 
bush  every  week,  preaching  in  the  city  each  Sabbath.  The  number  of  his 
students  at  once  doubled.    Everything  appeared  to  be  encouraging. 

But  in  October,  1796,  because  of  lack  of  earnest  effort  to  endow  the 
professorship,  the  professor  sent  a  desponding  letter  to  the  Particular 
Synod,  which  was  the  continuation  of  the  old  Provisional  Synod  which 
had  elected  him  in  1784.  He  reviewed  the  history  of  the  efforts  to  estab- 
lish a  Theological  Professorship  and  their  failure.  He  feared  that  the 
Church  did  not  honestly  intend  to  have  any  such  institution.  He  felt  that 
he  could  no  longer  struggle  alone  with  increased  labor  and  financial  loss 
amid  general  neglect.  He  declared  his  convictions  that  as  long  as  he  by  his 
private  exertions  continued  thus  to  supply  the  necessities  of  the  Church 
no  results  would  be  accomplished,  that  the  institution  could  not  long  live 
under  present  arrangements  and  therefore  he  thought  that  if  this  (Par- 
ticular) Synod  deemed  it  improper  to  do  anything  it  were  better  for  him 
to  discontinue  his  lectures. 

Such  a  proposition  alarmed  the  Synod  and  they  resolved  at  once  to  carry 
out  the  propositions  of  the  General  Synod  of  1794.  They  ordered  a  sub- 
scription paper  to  be  printed,  accompanied  by  a  circular  letter  in  the 
name  of  the  General  Synod  to  be  sent  to  every  church,  while  they  earnestly 
requested  the  professor  to  continue  his  labors. 

But  the  General  Synod  wavered.  The  next  June  (1797)  they  unexpected- 
ly and  strangely  determined  that  it  was  not  expedient  to  press  these  mat- 
ters. Financial  difficulties,  growing  out  of  the  revolutions  in  Europe,  may 
have  been  the  cause.  They  therefore  thanked  the  professor  for  his  gratuit- 
ous services  and  declared  that  it  would  be  highly  acceptable  if,  under  all 
these  discouragements,  he  would  continue  to  discharge  the  duties  of  his 
office.  And  as  it  was  exceedingly  inconvenient  for  all  students  to  get  the 
certificate  of  the  one  professor  and  as  different  localities  would  become 
interested  by  a  professor  residing  in  them,  the  General  Synod  in  1797  made 
the  Lectors  of  1792.  (Drs.  Froeligh  and  Romeyn)  full  professors.  The 
professors  were  requested  to  accept  of  £10  from  each  student,  or,  where 
the  students  could  not  pay.  Synod  would  do  it  for  them.  Dr.  Livingston 
accordingly  relinquished  his  school  at  Flatbush  and  returned  to  the  full 
duties  of  his  parochial  charge,  but  continued  to  teach  as  before. 

In  May,  1799,  the  Particular  Synod — forgetting,  apparently,  that  its 
powers  were  not  as  great  as  before  the  constitution  of  General  Synod,  to 
which  body  alone  by  the  Constitution  of  1792  appertained  the  appoint- 
ment of  professors — appointed  Drs.  Froeligh,  Bassett  and  G.  A.  Kuypers 


124  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

teachers  in  the  Hebrew  language.  This  may  have  helped  to  develop  the 
Church  Order  in  1800  by  the  division  of  this  old  Synod  into  two  Par- 
ticular Synods  of  New  York  and  Albany. 

In  1800  a  committee  of  one  minister  and  one  elder  from  each  Classis  was 
appointed  to  collect  all  the  acts  on  this  subject  and  report  what  measures 
were  necessary  to  render  the  professorship  respectable  and  useful.  It  was 
now  proposed  that  the  sum  of  two  shillings  be  laid  on  every  church 
member  annually  for  six  years  and  that  collectors  be  appointed  and  receive 
five  per  cent,  for  their  trouble,  and  that  the  Questor  of  the  General  Synod 
should  take  charge  of  the  funds. 

But  experience  proved  that  the  action  of  1797  was  mistaken.  It  also 
came  to  be  understood  that  Dr.  Livingston  held  his  office  only  by  the 
appointment  of  the  old  Provisional  Synod  (1784)  and  that  the  two  pro- 
fessors of  1797  held  theirs  by  the  appointment  of  the  General  Synod. 
It  was  therefore  determined  to  bring  back  the  institution  to  its  former 
state.  It  was  therefore  declared  that  the  election  of  the  two  additional 
professors  in  1797  was  a  mere  temporary  expedient  to  meet  existing  cir- 
cumstances and  that  these  professors  should  continue  to  possess  the  honors 
and  emoluments  of  their  pffices  during  their  lives  or  good  behavior,  but 
should  have  no  successors ;  that  the  advantages  of  an  education  in  a  city 
like  New  York  outweighed  all  other  considerations  and  therefore  that  the 
city  was  the  most  eligible  place  in  which  to  establish  a  Theological  School. 
The  Consistory  of  the  church  of  New  York  also  reminded  the  General 
Synod  that  by  the  charter  of  Columbia  College  they  had  a  right  to  ap- 
point a  Theological  Professor  in  that  institution  and  that  thus  support, 
honor,  and  permanency  might  be  afforded  the  professor  and  the  establish- 
ment put  on  a  solid  foundation,  but  Dr.  Livingston  was  elected  by  the 
General  Synod  (1804)  its  one  Permanent  Professor.  Thus  it  was  thought 
the  professorial  endowment  would  be  sooner  realized.  The  Consistory  of 
the  church  of  New  York"  were  again  appointed  the  trustees  of  the  funds 
which  might  be  raised,  but  Synod  declined  to  blend  their  Theological  Pro- 
fessorate with  any  establishment  not  derived  from  the  immediate  authority 
of  the  Netherlands  Reformed  Church.  Two  Professors  of  Hebrew  were 
also  appointed  (1804)  ;  namely,  Revs.  John  Bassett  and  Jeremiah  Romeyn. 
Students  desiring  to  be  examined  by  Classis  for  licensure  must  also  have  a 
certificate  of  lingual  attainments  signed  by  one  of  these.  The  Professors 
of  Hebrew  appointed  by  the  Particular  Synod  in  1799  were  disallowed  by 
the  refusal  of  the  Synod  to  permit  their  certificates  to  be  honored. 

In  1806  three  ministers  were  elected  from  each  Classis  to  obtain  sub- 
scriptions and  collect  moneys  for  the  permanent  professorial  fund.  But 
every  expedient  was  unavailing.  The  prospects  grew  faint  and  dubious. 
The  most  sanguine  friends  of  the  professorate  were  ready  to  despair 
concerning  it. 

At  this  juncture,  after  thirteen  years'  interruption,  the  trustees  of 
Queen's  College  made  a  proposition  which  prepared  the  way  for  the  ulti- 
mate success  of  the  Theological  Professorship.  They  proposed  to  revive 
their  college  and  to  make  it  especially  subservient  to  the  Professorate,  of 


THEOLOGICAL   SEMINARY   AT    NEW   BRUNSWICK,    N.    J.  I25 

Theology.  The  trustees  applied  first  to  the  Particular  Synod  of  New 
York,  which  approved  and  recommended  the  plan,  providing  that  all  the 
moneys  raised  in  the  State  of  New  York  should  be  applied  to  the  endow- 
ment of  a  Theological  Professorship.  General  Synod  sanctioned  the 
revival  of  the  college  and  the  proposed  union. 

A  covenant  was  drawn  up  between  the  parties  (1807)  in  which  the  trus- 
tees promised  to  combine  the  literary  interests  of  the  college  with  a  decided 
support  to  evangelical  truth  and  the  promotion  of  an  able  and  faithful 
ministry  in  the  Dutch  Church;  that  the  funds  raised  in  New  York  should 
be  appropriated  to  the  support  of  a  Theological  Professorship  in  the 
college  and  to  the  assistance  of  poor  and  pious  young  men  preparing  for 
the  ministry;  that  the  trustees  should  hold  the  funds  for  the  Theological 
Professorship  and  should  call  the  professor  elected  by  Synod  as  soon  as 
their  funds  would  allow;  that  a  permanent  Board  of  Superintendents  should 
be  appointed  by  the  Synod  to  superintend  the  Theological  Institution,  to  aid 
the  professor  in  arranging  the  course  of  instruction,  to  attend  the  examina- 
tion of  students  in  theology,  to  be  known  by  the  name  of  "The  Superin- 
tendents of  the  Theological  Institution  in  Queen's  College;"  that  the  Synod 
should  provide  money  for  a  library ;  and  both  parties  were  to  unite  in  erect- 
ing the  necessary  buildings — money,  if  needed  for  this  purpose,  to  be  taken 
from  the  professorial  fund. 

Synod  enjoined  collections  to  be  taken  up  in  all  their  churches  in  the 
State  of  New  York,  to  help  in  the  erection  of  the  necessary  buildings. 
It  was  resolved  that  the  Board  of  Superintendents  consist  of  nine  members, 
three  to  be  taken  from  each  Particular  Synod  and  three  from  the  clerical 
members  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

The  efTorts  to  collect  funds  by  the  trustees  were  crowned  with  unex- 
pected success.  The  church  of  New  York  at  once  gave  $10,000  and  the 
church  of  Harlem  $400. 

In  less  than  a  year  the  trustees  called  Dr.  Livingston  as  their  Professor 
of  Theology,  according  to  the  covenant,  ofifering  him  $750  and  $250  addi- 
tional as  President  of  the  college.  He  at  first  declined  the  latter  office,  but 
ultimately  accepted,  a  Vice-President  being  appointed  to  take  the  burden 
of  the  duties.  He  did  not  immediately  remove  to  New  Brunswick,  but 
waited  till  provision  could  be  made  for  the  churches  under  his  care ;  and 
also  lest  his  removal  might  retard  the  increase  of  the  professorial  fund. 
In  February,  1810,  the  trustees  offered  him  $650  additional.  Therefore,  after 
a  pastorship  of  forty  years  and  a  professorship,  without  compensation, 
of  twenty-six  in  the  city,  at  the  age  of  sixty-four,  he  broke  all  the  ties  he 
had  there  formed  and  removed  to  New  Brunswick.  He  had  given  his 
professorial  certificate  up  to  this  time  to  about  ninety  students.  By  his 
removal  he  sacrificed  a  salary  of  $2,500  in  his  New  York  pastoral  charge. 
He  cast  himself  in  faith  upon  the  churches,  trusting  that  they  would  pro- 
vide the  necessary  support.  In  December  of  the  same  year,  considering 
the  great  sacrifices  he  had  made,  the  trustees  increased  his  salary  to  $1,700, 
allowing  also  $300  for  house  rent,  promising  that  if  there  were  any  de- 
ficiency  it   should   be   made  up   as   soon   as    funds   permitted.     Two   years 


126  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

after  this,  when  his  receipts  from  the  trustees  had  only  amounted  to  $1,200,. 
he  generously  renounced  all  charges  for  the  balance  against  them.  The 
trustees  had  been  embarrassed  in  their  operations  by  a  mo.ney  crisis  in  the 
country. 

Dr.  Livingston  opened  ihe  Seminary  in  October,  1810,  with  five  students. 
But  a  few  days  before  he  left  New  York  he  wrote  a  letter  to  Rev.  Elias 
van  Bunschooten,  suggesting  the  propriety  of  his  devoting  a  portion  of  his 
property  to  the  benefit  of  the  Theological  Institution.  This  effort  resulted 
in  the  endowing  of  the  trustees  in  the  sum  of  $14,650,  which  was  increased 
by  his  will  to  $17,000.  The  income  of  this  fund  was  to  be  appropriated  to 
the  support  of  "pious  youth,  who  hope  they  have  a  call  of  God  to  preach 
the  Gospel  of  Jesus  Christ."  This  fund  has  been  the  means  of  educating 
many  young  men  for  the  ministry. 

In  1812  Dr.  Livingston  sent  in  his  first  report  to  Synod,  in  which  he 
reviewed  the  facts  and  stated  the  present  conditions  of  the  Seminary, 
urging  the  necessity  of  prompt  and  vigorous  action  respecting  the  endow- 
ment. At  the  same  time  the  Board  of  Superintendents  was  fully  organized 
by  the  adoption  of  a  detailed  plan  respecting  the  government  of  the  Theo- 
logical School.  Synod  way  to  have  complete  control  of  it  in  every  particu- 
lar, appointing  its  Superintendents  triennially,  choosing  three  from  each 
of  the  Particular  Synods  and  three  from  the  clerical  members  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees.  These  were  to  superintend  the  examinations  for  professorial 
certificates  and  have  authority  over  the  students.  Three  professors,  how- 
ever, were  declared  to  be  necessary  before  the  institution  should  be  re- 
garded as  fully  organized,  each  of  whom  should  then  deliver  three  lectures 
a  week.  A  sermon  was  to  be  exhibited  each  week  by  one  of  the  students 
on  a  topic  assigned  him;  the  course  of  study  was  to  be  three  years.  Each 
student  was  to  be  taught  natural,  didactic,  polemic  and  practical  theology ; 
Biblical  criticism,  chronology  and  ecclesiastical  history ;  the  form  and 
administration  of  church  government  and  pastoral  duties  ;  and  to  be  able  to 
read  the  Scriptures  fluently  in  the  original  languages.  At  the  end  of  three 
years  they  were  to  submit  to  an  examination  for  a  professorial  certificate, 
upon  which  testimonial  they  were  to  be  admitted  to  examination  for 
licensure  before  their  respective  Classes. 

Dr.  Bassett  now  resigned  his  position  as  Professor  of  Hebrew  and  Rev. 
J.  M.  van  Harlingen,  of  Millstone,  was  appointed  in  his  place. 

From  this  time  the  Board  of  Superintendents  has  regularly-  met  and  has 
examined  students. 

Fears  were  entertained  for  the  welfare  of  the  seminary  on  account  of 
the  waning  of  the  college  about  this  time.  The  trustees  continued  to  be 
embarrassed.  The  erection  of  the  building  had  involved  them  in  debt. 
Synod  appropriated  $3,000  of  the  Theological  Fund  to  aid  in  defraying  the 
expenses  of  the  building.  In  1815  the  plan  of  a  Theological  College  was 
proposed  by  Dr.  Livingston,  having  for  its  object,  primarily,  the  education 
of  young  men  for  the  ministry.  Others,  preparing  for  other  professions, 
might  be  admitted  spcciali  gratia,  to  a  limited  number.  Its  corps  of 
teachers  should  consist  of  a  Professor  of  Theology,  of  Biblical  Criticism, 


THEOLOGICAL   SEMINARY   AT    NEW   BRUNSWICK,    N.   J.         12/ 

and  of  Ecclesiastical  History,  to  be  appointed  by  the  Synod,  and  a  Profes- 
sor of  Mathematics,  to  be  appointed  by  the  trustees ;  the  Theological  Pro- 
fessors were  also  to  perform  duties  in  the  college,  according  to  the  ap- 
pointment of  the  trustees ;  the  two  funds  were  to  be  blended  in  one  and 
Synod  was  to  pay  half  the  salaries  of  their  professors.  The  plan  was 
adopted  in  October,  1815,  but  the  trustees,  being  embarrassed  in  their  opera- 
tions, were  not  enabled  to  carry  it  out  until  ten  years  later.  About  this 
time  also  the  German  Reformed  Church  made  propositions,  informally,  in 
reference  to  the  establishment  of  a  common  theological  institution  for  the 
two  denominations.  It  was,  perhaps,  owing  to  the  complicated  relations  of 
our  own  seminary  that  this  plan  was  not  entertained.  Dr.  Livingston, 
however,  at  his  own  expense,  published  an  address  to  the  German  Re- 
formed churches  in  the  United  States  (1819)  replete  with  valuable  informa- 
tion and  counsel,  urging  them  to  establish  a  theological  seminary  for 
themselves. 

The  propriety  of  removing  the  seminary  to  New  York,  or  even  to 
Schenectady,  was  also  seriously  discussed  and  Dr.  Livingston  even  favored 
it  for  a  time.    But  the  trustees  who  held  the  funds  would  not  consent  to  it. 

In  1814  the  Board  of  Superintendents  suggested  to  Synod  the  necessity 
of  another  professor.  To  this  end  the  church  of  Albany  offered  to  con- 
tribute annually  $750  and  the  church  of  New  Brunswick  $200  for  a  term 
of  six  years.  Synod  accordingly,  and  to  the  great  relief  of  the  now  aged 
Livingston,  the  next  year  elected  Rev.  John  Schureman  Professor  of 
Pastoral  Theology  and  Ecclesiastical  History.  After  his  death  in  1818  the 
second  professorship  embraced  the  departments  of  Oriental  Literature  and 
Ecclesiastical  History.  Rev.  Thomas  de  Witt  having  declined  an  appoint- 
ment to  this  position,  Rev.  John  Ludlow  was  chosen.  He  continued  in  this 
department  for  five  years,  when  Rev.  John  de  Witt  was  chosen  his  suc- 
cessor. 

The  further  endowment  of  the  institution  weighed  heavily  on  Dr. 
Livingston's  mind.  He  felt  that  unless  speedy  measures  were  taken  for 
this  end,  the  institution  must  die.  In  1822  subscriptions  were  started.  Dr. 
Livingston  heading  them  with  $500,  and  nearly  $27,000  were  subscribed 
within  a  year  in  the  Particular  Synod  of  New  York. 

The  Particular  Synod  of  Albany  now  made  efforts  to  endow  a  third  pro- 
fessorship. Dr.  Livingston  lived  long  enough  to  see  that  success  was 
certain  and  that  the  institution  for  which  he  had  sacrificed  so  much  during 
forty  years  was  established  on  a  firm  foundation.  Different  professors  in 
different  parts  of  the  church  had  been  appointed  for  the  convenience  of 
students,  and  Dr.  Livingston  had  had  an  assistant  most  of  the  time  in 
New  Brunswick ;  but  it  was  only  after  his  death,  though  in  the  same  year, 
that  the  theological  institution  was  fully  organized  by  the  full  complement 
of  professors— De  Witt,  Milledoler  and  Woodhull.  The  Particular  Synod 
of  Albany  by  the  fall  of  1825  had  subscribed  about  $27,000,  also,  for  the  en- 
dowment of  the  third  professorship.  It  was  several  years  before  these 
moneys  were  paid  in  (some  of  the  subscriptions,  indeed,  were  lost),  but  in 
the  meantime  the  church  of  New  York  for  several  years  gave  $i.750  per 


128  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

annum  and  other  churches  or  friends  assisted  in  meeting  the  deficiency. 
Synod  now  purchased  the  college  building  in  payment  of  the  obligations  of 
the  trustees  to  them.  The  trustees  had  saved  the  professorate  in  1807  by 
taking  it  under  their  care  and  the  Synod  now  saved  the  college  from  ex- 
tinction by  a  similar  kindness.  The  plan  proposed  in  1815  was  substantially 
revived.  The  Theological  Professor  became  professors  also  in  the  college 
and  thus  that  institution,  under  the  name  of  Rutgers,  was  reopened. 
(Rutgers  College). 

Dr.  Woodhull  died  within  a  year  of  his  appointment  and  Dr.  James  S. 
Cannon  was  elected  in  his  place. 

In  1824  the  first  change  was  made  in  reference  to  the  appointment  of  the 
Board  of  Superintendents.  Henceforth  two  from  each  Classis  were  to  be 
appointed  to  constitute  this  Board,  except  from  the  Classis  of  New  York, 
which  was  to  have  four  members — all  to  be  appointed  by  Synod.  Ten 
years  later  the  Classes  were  permitted  to  nominate  and  Synod  confirmed 
them.  In  1838  the  plan  was  again  changed,  limiting  the  number  to  one 
from  each  Classis  and  only  one-third  of  that  number  were  to  be  elected 
each  year  to  prevent  an  entire  change  in  the  board  at  once.  The  next  year, 
however,  Synod  resumed  its  right  of  appointing  the  whole  board  itself; 
but  in  1841  the  plan  of  1838  was  again  adopted.  In  1848,  at  an  extra  ses- 
sion of  Synod,  the  plan  was  entirely  changed  so  that  eight  should  con- 
stitute the  board,  an  equal  number  to  come  from  each  Particular  Synod ; 
but  this  action  was  rescinded  the  next  June  and  the  former  plan  resumed. 

In  1872  the  Board  of  Superintendents  was  made  to  consist  of  four  min- 
isters and  four  elders  from  each  of  the  Particular  Synods  of  New  York, 
Albany  and  New  Brunswick,  together  with  one  delegate  from  the  Particular 
Synod  of  Chicago.  These  were  to  be  nominated  by  the  Synods  respectively 
and  confirmed  by  the  General  Synod.  The  normal  term  of  service  was  to 
be  four  years  and  the  terms  of  service  of  one-fourth  of  the  members  were 
to  expire  each  year.  This  change  created  dissatisfaction  and  the  restora- 
tion of  the  previously  existing  plan  was  urged.  The  result  was  that  in 
1876  it  was  resolved  that  the  board  should  consist  of  one  member  from 
■each  Classis  (excepting  the  Classes  connected  with  the  Particular  Synod 
of  Chicago)  to  be  nominated  by  the  respective  Classes,  together  with 
six  elders,  to  be  appointed  directly  by  the  General  Synod,  the  term  of 
office  to  be  three  years.  In  1877,  when  the  Theological  Department  at 
Hope  College  was  suspended,  the  rights  of  the  Classes  of  the  Particular 
Synod  of  Chicago  to  representation  in  the  Board  of  Superintendents  at 
New  Brunswick  were  restored. 

In  1888  each  Classis  of  the  three  Eastern  Synods  was  allowed  to  nom- 
inate one  minister,  to  be  confirmed  by  the  General  Synod,  for  a  term  of 
five  years,  one-fifth  to  be  elected  each  year.  Two  elders  were  to  be 
nominated  by  each  of  the  three  Eastern  Synods,  to  be  confirmed  by  the 
General  Synod,  to  serve  for  five  years;  while  the  Particular  Synod  of 
Chicago  was  to  have  one  ministerial  representative.  Vacancies  might  be 
filled  by  the  nominating  Classis  or  Particular  Synod,  until  the  next  General 
Synod  which  should  appoint  for  the  unexpired  term.     The  Board  was  to 


THEOLOGICAL   SEMINARY   AT    NEW    BRUNSWICK,    N.   J.  129 

meet  annually  at  New  Brunswick  in  May  for  the  examination  of  students 
and  other  business. 

In  1828  the  old  professorial  fund  was  transferred  to  General  Synod,  and 
the  same  year  a  Board  of  Education  was  established,  to  which,  having  been 
remodeled  in  1831,  were  committed  all  the  educational  interests  of  the 
church,  as  well  as  the  immediate  care  of  the  beneficiaries.  (Board  of 
Education).  In  1832,  Dr.  De  Witt  having  died.  Dr.  Alexander  McClelland 
took  the  chair  of  Biblical  Literature.  Three  years  later  the  Theological 
Professors  were  organized  into  a  Faculty,  to  hold  monthly  meetings  and 
exercise  a  general  supervision  over  the  students. 

In  1841  the  students  complained  of  the  requirement  to  commit  Mark's 
Medulla,  which  led  to  the  adoption  of  a  new  plan  for  the  Didactic  Pro- 
fessor ;  namely,  to  deliver  lectures  on  theology.  This  action,  however,  led 
to  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Milledoler.  Rev.  Samuel  A.  van  Vranken  was 
elected  to  his  place.  The  Theological  Professor  was  now  relieved  from 
the  presidency  of  the  college. 

In  1851  Dr.  William  H.  Campbell  succeeded  Dr.  McClelland  in  the  de- 
partment of  Biblical  Literature  and  the  next  year  Dr.  John  Ludlow  suc- 
ceeded Dr.  Cannon,  who  had  been  stricken  by  disease  and  declared  to  be 
Professor  Emeritus.    He  died  in  the  same  year. 

The  want  of  a  theological  hall  separate  from  the  college  building  began 
at  this  time  to  be  seriously  felt.  The  students  drew  up  a  memorial,  stating 
their  difficulties  and  their  wants,  and  which  paper  passed  through  the 
hands  of  the  Faculty  to  the  Board  of  Superintendents.  The  board  took 
immediate  action  on  it  and  their  efforts  were  crowned  with  complete  suc- 
cess. At  the  personal  solicitation  of  Dr.  Ludlow  Mrs.  Anna  Hertzog,  of 
Philadelphia,  donated  $30,000  for  its  erection,  with  the  condition  that  it 
should  be  called  "The  Peter  Hertzog  Theological  Hall."  Col.  James  Neil- 
son  gave  a  lot  of  ground,  valued  at  $14,000;  Mr.  David  Bishop  gave  an 
adjoining  lot,  valued  at  $1,200;  Mr.  Charles  P.  Dayton  gave  another  lot; 
and  $2,000  were  given  by  Alessrs.  Francis  and  Wessel  Wessells.  of  Paramus, 
N.  J.,  to  purchase  still  additional  land  to  make  the  rectangle  complete.  The 
building  was  speedily  erected.  It  contained  dormitories,  refectory,  lecture- 
rooms,  chapel  and  library.  With  the  erection  of  James  Suydam  Hall  the 
professors  occupied  lecture-rooms  in  it  and  the  library  was  removed  to  the 
Gardner  A.   Sage  Library  Building. 

The  Library  room  was  made  the  chapel  and  the  former  chapel  became  the 
Dining  Hall. 

The  next  year  Dr.  Ludlow  was  called  by  death  and  Dr.  Samuel  M. 
Woodbridge  was  elected  in  his  place.  Synod  also  engaged  Dr.  G.  W. 
Bethune  for  one  year  to  give  a  course  of  lectures  on  Pulpit  Eloquence  to 
the  students.  On  the  ist  day  of  January,  1861,  Dr.  van  Vranken  died,  and 
Dr.  Joseph  F.  Berg  was  elected  in  his  place.  Two  years  later  Dr.  John  De 
Witt,  son  of  the  former  professor  of  the  same  name,  was  chosen  to  the 
chair  of  Biblical  Literature,  made  vacant  by  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Camp- 
bell. About  this  time,  also,  the  Theological  Professors  were  relieved  of 
further  duties  in  the  college.     In   1864  the  Synod  transferred  the  college 


130  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

property  to  the  trustees  and  the  next  year  the  covenants  of  1807  and  1825 
were  finally  annulled.  The  money  thus  accruing  was  devoted  to  the  erec- 
tion of  the  professorial  residences  then  in  course  of  construction.  The 
same  year  a  fourth  professorship,  namely,  of  Sacred  Rhetoric  and  Pastoral 
Theology,  which  had  been  suggested  and  desired  for  many  years,  was,  by 
a  very  general  subscription  through  the  churches,  secured  and  Dr.  David 
D.  Demarest  was  elected  to  this  position. 

In  the  year  1871  Dr.  Berg  was  removed  by  death.  Professor  Wood- 
bridge,  by  appointment  of  a  committee  of  General  Synod,  gave  instruction 
to  the  Middle  and  Senior  Classes  in  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology  for 
one  year.  By  the  Synod  of  1872  Dr.  Abraham  B.  van  Zandt  was  elected 
James  Suydam  Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology. 

A  Standing  Committee  on  Peter  Hertzog  Theological  Hall  was  ap- 
pointed in  the  year  1857,  immediately  on  the  completion  of  the  building. 
It  consisted  of  six  persons,  including  the  three  Theological  Professors,  and 
had  the  general  charge  of  the  property.  This  committee  was  also  authorized 
to  secure  such  additional  funds  as  might  be  needed  to  accomplish  the  ob- 
jects of  the  institution;  out  the  expenditures  of  the  Hall  and  the  adjacent 
grounds  were  not  in  anj^  case  to  exceed  the  amount  of  funds  actually 
collected.  The  committee  in  1864  undertook  the  work  of  obtaining  funds 
for  a  needed  increase  of  endowment  and  also  for  the  establishment  of  a 
Professorship  of  Pastoral  Theology  and  Sacred  Rhetoric.  They  were 
stimulated  to  this  by  receiving  from  Rev.  Nicholas  E.  Smith  a  subscrip- 
tion of  $40,000  for  the  increase  of  the  endowment,  on  condition  that  a  like 
sum  should  be  raised  for  a  new  professorship.  The  next  year  (1865)  they 
reported  that  the  work  was  well  nigh  completed,  whereupon  the  Synod 
established  the  professorship  and  elected  and"  installed  a  professor.  In  1867 
they  reported  the  subscriptions  and  moneys  they  had  received,  amounting 
to  $62,233.09,  of  which  what  remained  after  the  establishment  of  the  pro- 
fessorship was  to  be  used  for  the  building  of  three  professorial  residences, 
which  were  subsequently  erected  on  the  seminary  grounds.  The  professors, 
as  members  of  this  committee,  raised  almost  the  whole  amount,  a  work  in 
which  they  were  obliged  to  expend  much  time  and  labor.  In  this  Dr.  De 
Witt  was  especially  active. 

But  unfortunately  the  large  subscription  with  which  they  had  commenced 
could  not  be  collected,  although  the  subscriber  had  paid  the  interest  on  his 
bond  for  two  years.  This  caused  embarrassment  and  made  a  new  effort 
necessary.  The  Synod,  in  order  to  relieve  the  professors  from  this  work, 
and  wishing  quickly  to  obtain  the  desired  result,  reconstituted  the  commit- 
tee in  1868,  making  it  to  consist  of  nine  laymen,  with  whom  one  professor 
appointed  by  the  Faculty  was  to  be  associated.  The  committee  was  author- 
ized to  employ  an  agent  to  obtain  subscriptions  and  collect  moneys,  and 
directed,  after  expending  what  was  necessary  for  repairs,  to  pay  the 
remainder  into  the  treasury  of  General  Synod.  It  was  also  to  be  the 
Executive  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Superintendents,  to  report  to  them, 
to  meet  with  them  annually  for  a  full  consideration  of  the  temporal  in- 
terests of  the  seminary  and  to  be  under  their  general  direction.    The  Synod 


THEOLOGICAL   SEMINARY  AT   NEW   BRUNSWICK,    N.   J.  I3I 

at  the  same  time  passed  a  resolution  requesting  the  Board  of  Directors  to 
co-operate  with  the  committee  in  raising  $100,000  for  completing  the  en- 
dowment of  the  seminary  and  for  the  payment  of  the  debt  of  the  Synod. 
The  committee  and  board  pointly  employed  Rev.  Dr.  James  A.  H.  Cornell 
as  agent  (1869-1873)  and  he  commenced  the  work  with  enthusiasm.  He 
was  cheered  by  receiving  from  Mr.  James  Suydam  $40,000  for  the  endow- 
ment of  the  Professorship  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology,  to  which 
he  subsequently  added  the  sum  of  $20,000.  Very  appropriately  the  Synod 
attached  his  name  to  the  professorship.  The  Synod  also  gave  Dr.  Cornell 
a  direct  appointment  as  its  agent,  but  inasmuch  as  it  was  found  to  be  very 
difficult  to  convene  the  committee,  it  was  changed  the  next  year  and  made 
to  consist  of  one  Theological  Professor  appointed  by  the  Faculty  and  five 
other  members  (not  necessarily  laymen)  to  be  appointed  annually  by  the 
General  Synod.  The  committee  was  in  1870  appointed  for  three  years 
instead  of  one,  in  order  to  complete  improvements  in  the  Hall  that  had  been 
commenced  by  them.  In  1873  ^  further  reappointment  of  the  committee 
for  three  years  was  made,  and  in  1876  a  change  was  again  made.  It  was 
then  resolved  that  the  committee  should  consist  of  one  Theological  Pro- 
fessor and  five  other  members,  a  majority  of  whom  should  be  laymen,  and 
the  normal  term  of  service  to  be  five  years,  one  member  to  be  elected 
annually.  Inasmuch  as  the  number  of  buildings  to  be  cared  for  had  ii;- 
creased,  the  name  of  the  committee  was  now  changed  to  Committee  on 
Seminary  Grounds  and  Property. 

The  reports  of  this  committee,  regularly  presented  to  the  General  Synod, 
showed  a  vast  amount  of  work  done,  of  which  the  Synod  frequently  made 
grateful  acknowledgment.  Extensive  improvements  and  repairs  were  made 
to  Peter  Hertzog  Hall.  Water  and  steam-heating  were  introduced  and  all 
its  appointments  made  it  an  attractive  dwelling-place.  A  rector  was  ap- 
pointed to  take  charge  of  the  Hall  and  have  the  oversight  of  the  students. 
James  Suydam  Hall,  the  gift  of  Mr.  James  Suydam,  of  New  York  City, 
was  erected  on  the  east  side  of  Hertzog  Hall.  It  was  dedicated  (the  Gen- 
eral Synod  attending)  June  5,  1873,  and  contains  a  spacious  gymnasium, 
museum  and  five  lecture-rooms.  In  front  of  it  a  bronze  statue  of  Mr. 
Suydam  was  placed  by  his  friends.  The  aggregate  of  his  gifts  exceeded  a 
quarter  of  a  million  dollars. 

On  the  west  side  of  Peter  Hertzog  Hall  was  built  the  Gardner  A.  Sage 
Library.  This  is  a  fire-proof  building,  erected  by  Mr.  Gardner  A.  Sage,  of 
New  York  City,  and  presented  by  him  to  the  General  Synod  and  dedicated 
(the  General  Synod  attending)  June  4,  1875.  In  addition  to  his  gift  of 
the  building  Colonel  Sage  paid  the  salary  of  the  librarian,  and  for  the 
services  of  the  janitor,  for  coal  and  other  incidental  expenses  annually. 
He  also  made  several  other  contributions.  Quite  as  valuable,  perhaps,  as 
these  gifts  were  his  indefatigable  personal  services  to  the  institution  as 
Chairman  and-  Treasurer  of  the   Standing  Committee. 

Through  the  efforts  of  Dr.  Cornell  about  $50,000  were  secured  for  the 
library.  These  moneys  were  given,  not  to  be  invested,  but  to  be  spent,  as 
soon   as    it   could    be   judiciously    done,    in    the   purchase   of   books.      The 


i;32  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA 

selection  of  books  was  made  by  a  committee  of  the  General  Synod,  con- 
sisting of  Rev.  Drs.  T.  W.  Chambers,  E.  T.  Corwin,  C.  D.  Hartranft  and 
Prof.  Jacob  Cooper,  of  Rutgers  College,  in  connection  with  the  Theological 
Professors.  The  library  was  also  made  accessible  to  the  citizens  of  New 
Brunswick  and  others.    Thus  the  Seminary  became  firmly  established. 

In  1873  Mr.  Nicholas  T.  Vedder  of  Utica,  N.  Y.,  proposed  to  endow  a 
lectureship  on  "The  Present  Aspects  of  Modern  Infidelity,  including  Its 
Cause  and  Cure."  Between  1874  and  1890  several  lectures  by  distinguished 
scholars  on  various  phases  of  the  subject  were  delivered,  but  as  the  income 
became  unavailable  they  were  discontinued.  (See  Manual  of  1902,  page 
176).  Just  at  that  time,  however,  a  new  lectureship  was  established. 
The  Hon.  N.  F.  Graves,  of  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  provided  for  "Lectures  on 
Missions"  in  1888-9  and  for  several  succeeding  years.  At  his  death  in  1896 
he  left  $10,000  for  the  endowment  of  such  Lectureship.  The  appointment 
on  this  foundation  continues.    The  lecturers  have  been  as  follows  : 

1888-9.  Revs.  Henry  Stout.  Cyrus  Hamlin.  D.D.,  L.  W.  Kip,  D.D.,  E. 
M.  Wheny,  D.D.,  F.  F.  Ellinwood,  D.D. 

1889-90.     Rev.  John  Hall,  D.D. 

1890-1.     Rev.  Arthur  T,  Pierson,  D.D. 

1891-2.     Rev.   Alexander  J.   Gordon,   D.D. 

1892-3.     No  lecture. 

1893-4.     Rev.  George   Smith.  C.E.I. 

1894-5.     Rev.  William  Imbrie,  D.D. 

1895-6.     Rev.  Chester  D.  Hartranft,  D.D. 

1896-7.  Revs.  Joachim  Elmendorf,  D.D.,  F.  S.  Schenck,  D.D.,  John 
Scudder,  D.D.,  Henry  Stout,  E.  P.  Johnson.  D.D. 

1897-8.  Revs.  S.  M.  Zwemer,  A.  C.  de  Wall,  D.D..  C.  L,  Wells,  D.D., 
M.  H.  Hutton,  D.D.,  E.  A.  Collier,  D.D. 

1898-9.  Revs.  Wilson  Phraner,  D.D.  (four),  William  I.  Chamberlain 
(one). 

1899- 1900.     Rev.  James  F.  Riggs,  D.D. 

1900-1.     Rev.  George  F.  Pentecost,  D.D. 

1901-2.     Mr.  Robert  E.  Speei^ 

1902-1903.     Robert  E.  Speer. 

1903-1904.     Rev.  John  H.  Wyckofif,  D.D. 

1906-1907.     Rev.  William  R.  Lambuth,  D.D. 

1907-1908.     Rev.  Arthur  Judson  Brown,  D.D. 
.1908-1909.     Rev.  James  L.  Barton,  D.D. 

J1909-1910.     Rev.  Henry  C.  Mabie,  D.D. 

1910-1911.     Rev.  Arthur  H.  Smith,  D.D. 

1911-1912.     John  R.  Mott,  LL.D. 

1912-1913.     Rev.  William  I.  Chamberlain,   D.D. 

1913-1914.     Rev.  Charles  R.  Watson.  D.D. 

1914-1915.     Rev.  John  P.  Jones,  D.D. 
^.1915-1916.     Rev.  S.  M.  Zwemer,  D.D. 

1916-1917.     Rev.   G.   Sherwood  Eddy,   D.D. 

1917-1918.     Rev.  J.  C.  R.  Ewing,  D.D. 


THEOLOGICAL   SEMINARY  AT   NEW   BRUNSWICK,    N.   J.  1 35 

1918-1919.     Rev.  S.  M.  Zwemer,  D.D. 

1919-1920.     Rev.  William  Bancroft  Hill,  D.D. 

1920-1921.     Rev.  Frank  Eckerson. 

This  emphasis  on  Missions  is  in  keeping  with  the  historic  spirit  of  the 
institution,  a  Society  of  Inquiry  having  been  founded  in  181 1  among  its 
students.  From  1811-1820  this  was  known  as  the  Berean  Society.  Many 
of  its  members  have  gone  to  the  foreign  field.  Significant  of  this  interest 
is  it  also  that  the  Inter-Seminary  Missionary  Alliance,  comprising  all  de- 
nominations, was  inaugurated  under  the  special  auspices  of  this  Seminary 
in  1880. 

During  a  long  illness  of  Professor  van  Zandt  in  1878  the  Rev.  Dr.  T.  W. 
Chambers  served  in  his  place.  Professor  van  Zandt  resigned  in  1881  and 
six  weeks  later  died.  Rev.  Dr.  William  V.  V.  Mabon  was  chosen  his 
successor.  In  1883  the  long-desired  fifth  professorship  was  founded.  Mr. 
Gardner  A.  Sage  left  $50,000  for  such  endowment.  During  1883-4  the 
Rev.  Drs.  T.  W.  Chambers  and  E.  T.  Corwin  served  with  Professor  De 
Witt  in  the  Exegetical  Department,  and  the  General  Synod  in  1884  con- 
stituted the  new  Professorship  of  "Old  Testament  Languages  and 
Exegesis,"  Prof.  De  Witt  remaining  in  the  Chair  of  "Hellenistic  Greek 
and  New  Testament  Exegesis."  Rev.  Dr.  John  G.  Lansing  was  chosen  to 
the  new  chair.  Just  before  his  death  Mr.  Sage  gave  nearly  $100,000  for 
various  uses.  Property  improvement  at  this  time  included  the  erection 
in  1883  of  the  professorial  residence  provided  for  by  Mr.  James  Suydam, 
and  in  1891  of  a  librarian's  Residence,  with  funds  available  from  gifts 
of  Mr.  Sage. 

In  1883  the  General  Synod  provided  that  the  senior  Professor,  at  that 
time  Dr.  Woodbridge,  be  called  Dean,  and  be  endowed  with  disciplinary 
powers  as  the  Faculty  might  arrange.  In  1884  a  new  curriculum,  prepared 
by  a  committee  of  the  preceding  Synod's  appointment,  was  approved,  de- 
signed to  keep  the  institution  abreast  of  the  times  in  theological  training. 
In  1888  a  new  "Plan  of  the  Seminary"  was  adopted,  including  this  curri- 
culum. It  changed  the  title  of  Dean  to  President  and  defined  more  clearly 
and  with  some  amendments  the  government  and  procedure  of  the  institu- 
tion.    Since  1880  public  Commencements  have  been  held. 

The  title  of  the  fourth  Professorship  has  been  changed  from  that  of 
"Pastoral  Theology  and  Sacred  Rhetoric"  to  that  of  "Practical  Theology." 

The  title  of  the  historical  professorship  has  been  changed  from  that  of 
"Ecclesiastical  History  and  Church  Government"  to  that  of  Sacred  His- 
tory being  included  in  the  teaching  of  this  department,  and  Church  Gov- 
ernment being  transferred  from  it  to  the  department  of   Theology. 

The  title  of  the  theological  professorship  has  been  changed  from  that 
of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology"  to  that  of  "Systematic  Theology." 

These  changes  were  made  by  General  Synod  to  conform  to  modern 
terminology  and  to  define  more  accurately  the  work  of  the  several  pro- 
fessors as  arranged  under  the  enlarged  curriculum. 

An  event  notable  in  the  record  is  the  celebration  in  1884  of  the  Sem- 
inary's one  hundredth  anniversary.  As  the  oldest  theological  school  in  the 
land,    its    centennial    deserved    and    received    peculiar    interest    within    and 


134  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

without  the  demonination.  An  observance  was  proposed  in  the  Synod  in 
i88i.  The  next  year  a  committee,  consisting  of  Rev.  Drs.  P.  D.  van  Cleef, 
J.  H.  Suydam,  and  D.  N.  Vanderveer,  was  appointed.  Their  plan,  partially 
reported  in  1883,  was  in  detail  adopted  in  1884.  A  committee  on  endow- 
ment was  appointed  to  act  coincidently,  and  a  co-operating  committee  was 
appointed  by  the  Alumni  Association.  The  celebration  was  held  on  the 
28th  and  29th  of  October,  1884,  in  the  First  and  Second  Reformed 
Churches  of  New  Brunswick,  and  was  a  great  success. 

At  the  close  a  committee  was  appointed  to  publish  the  proceedings, 
including  addresses  and  other  matter  of  historical  value. 

The  committee  thus  appointed.  Rev.  Prof.  D.  D.  Demarest,  D.D.,  Rev. 
Dr.  P.  D.  van  Cleef,  and  Rev.  Dr.  E.  T.  Corwin,  issued  the  "Centennial 
Volume."  This  is  not  only  a  record  of  the  centennial  occasion,  but  an  in- 
valuable resume  of  the  rich  historical  material  attaching  unto  the  hundred 
years'  life  of  the  institution,  a  monument  of  accomplished  and  painstaking 
research  and  compilation.' 

About  this  time,  1885-6-7,  the  Museum  began  to  grow.  It  was  especially 
fostered  by  Professor  Lansing,  who  made  for  it  many  valuable  acquisitions 
from  the  East,  especiaUy  Egypt.  Through  others  also  came  gifts  of 
interest. 

In  1888  changes  were  made  in  Suydam  Hall,  providing  an  excellent  room 
for  the  Museum.  Later  an  additional  room  was  assigned  for  Historical 
Material.  A  fund  left  by  Mr.  John  S.  Bussing  has  been  set  aside  for  its 
upkeep  and  for  occasional  purchase  of  important  items.  Gifts  from  Mis- 
sion Fields,  from  old  Dutch  families,  from  individuals,  notably  Mrs.  E.  E. 
Olcott,  have  multiplied,  and  it  is  now  a  definite  factor  in  the  educational 
work  of  the  Seminary.  It  is  opened  to  the  public  at  stated  times  and  has 
many  visitors.     Dr.  Gillespie  is  Curator. 

The  last  decade  of  the  nineteenth  century  was  peculiarly  marked  by 
changes  in  the  Faculty,  almost  as  many  as  in  all  the  earlier  course  of  the 
half-century.  In  1892  Professor  De  Witt  resigned  after  twenty-nine  years 
of  service,  having  honored  the  Seminary  not  only  with  his  long-continued, 
scholarly  class-room  work,  but  as  well  by  his  translation  of  the  Psalms, 
and  by  his  esteemed  membership  in  the  American  Committee  on  the  Re- 
vision of  the  Old  Testament.  The  Rev.  Dr.  James  F.  Riggs  was  elected 
his  successor.  Later  in  the  same  year  Professor  Mabon  died,  after  eleven 
years  of  the  most  mature  and  through  professorial  work.  In  1893  Rev.  Dr. 
J.  Preston  Searle  was  elected  his  successor.  In  1898  Professor  Riggs  re- 
signed and  the  Rev.  John  H.  Gillespie  was  elected  his  successor.  In  the 
same  year,  after  the  closing  of  the  Seminary  and  the  adjournment  of 
Synod,  and  after  but  a  week's  illness,  Professor  Demarest,  beloved  Pro- 
fessor for  thirty-three  years,  died,  having  served  the  Seminary  not  only  in 
the  class-room,  but  conspicuously  in  its  administration,  as  Secretary  of  the 
Faculty;  and  having  served  the  entire  Reformed  Church  with  his  authorita- 
tive writings  upon  its  Standards  and  History.  In  December  of  the  same 
year  Professor  Lansing,  after  fourteen  years  of  service  marked  by  great 


'Centennial   of   the    Theolog-ical    Seminary   of    the    Reformed    Church    in 
America,    1784-1884. 


THEOLOGICAL   SEMINARY   AT    NEW   BRUNSWICK,    N.    J.  I35 

ability  and  intense  work,  but  by  long  and  serious  ill-health,  resigned.  The 
General  Synod  of  1899,  in  the  two  elections  thus  devolving  upon  it,  chose 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Ferdinand  S.  Schenck  to  the  chair  of  Practical  Theology,  the 
Rev.  Dr.  John  H.  Raven  to  the  Old  Testament  chair.  Then,  as  the  new 
century  opened,  came  the  resignation  of  Professor  Woodbridge,  whose 
fortieth  anniversary  as  Professor  had  been  nobly  celebrated  in  1897,  who 
for  a  long  time  had  been  Dean  or  President  of  the  Faculty,  the  impress  of 
whose  life  and  teachings  is  upon  all  the  Church.  In  1901  the  Rev.  Dr.  W. 
H.  S.  Demarest  was  elected  Professor  of  Church  History  and  Dr.  Wood- 
bridge  was  declared  Emeritus.  The  Synod,  however,  continued  him  in 
such  service  as  he  might  find  it  possible  to  perform.     He  died  in  1905. 

In  1902  Professor  Searle  was  elected  Dr.  Woodbridge's  successor  as 
President  of  the  Faculty. 

In  1906  Professor  W.  H.  S.  Demarest  resigned  to  become  President  of 
Rutgers  College.  He  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Edward  Payson  Johnson, 
D.D.,  who  still  holds  the  Professorship  of  Ecclesiastical  History  and 
Church  Government. 

Because  of  physical  infirmity  Dr.  Gillespie  resigned  his  chair  of 
Hellenistic  Creek  and  New  Testament  Exegesis  in  191 1  but  continued  in 
the  Seminary  as  Instructor  in  New  Testament  Criticism  and  Missions. 
He  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Frederic  Berg,  Ph.D.,  D.D.,  a 
grandson  of  the  former  Professor  of  the  same  name.  He  continued  in 
office  until  1917  when  he  resigned  to  re-enter  the  pastorate.  Rev.  John 
W.  Beardslee,  Ph.D.,  D.D.,  was  elected  to  the  office  and  still  continues  in  it. 

In  1894  the  "Plan  of  the  Seminary"  was  amended,  and  the  method  of 
electing  Professors  changed.  The  right  of  nomination  to  the  General 
Synod  was  accorded  to  the  Classes,  but  by  a  subsequent  change  the  Board 
of  Superintendents  was  directed  to  make  a  nomination  for  the  vacancy 
to  which  General  Synod  at  its  option  could  add  an  additional  one.  The 
Classical  nominations  ceased. 

In  1893  a  scheme  of  special  study  leading  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Divinity  was  added  to  the  curriculum.  Rutgers  College  conferred  this 
degree  upon  graduates  of  the  Seminary  whom  the  Seminary  faculty 
certified  to  be  qualified  therefor  by  the  completion  of  a  prescribed  extra 
course  of  study.  In  1904  the  basis  of  this  degree  was  changed  to  a  year  of 
post  graduate  study,  in  residence,  and  including  one  major  and  at  least 
two  minor  courses  of  study. 

Efficiency  in  instruction  has  been  promoted  and  wider  reach  of  the 
Professor's  work  attained  through  the  printing,  since  1893,  of  various 
Seminary  lectures  and  outlines.  More  than  ten  publications  have  been 
made,  including  five  or  six  text  books,  and  the  important  Biographical 
Record  of  the  Seminary  compiled  by  Professor  Raven  and  issued  in  191 1. 

At  first  funds  for  such  printing  were  variously  provided,  but  in  1901  the 
"Rev.  Dr.  Archibald  Laidlie  Memorial  Fund"  of  $5,000  was  given  by  a 
descendant  of  Dr.  Laidlie,  the  income  to  be  used  for  this  purpose. 

The  Library  has  steadily  increased,  through  purchase  and  donation. 
It  now  contains  over  56,000  volumes  and  10,000  pamphlets.  Each  alcove 
on  the  main  floor  has  been  endowed  as  a  memorial  in  the  sum  of  $1,500 
less  $200  expended  for  a  memorial   window.     The  totals  are  included  in 


136  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

the  Alcove  Endowment  Fund,  and  the  beautiful  room  has  been  further 
graced  by  its  interesting  and  beautiful  windows.  The  Library  is  open  to 
students  and  the  public  morning  and  afternoon  and  five  evenings  a  week. 
John  C.  Van  Dyke,  L.H.D.,  has  been  librarian  since  1878.  He  is  also 
Professor  of  the  History  of  Art  in  Rutgers  College  and  the  author  of  sev- 
eral books  on  art  and  nature.  His  "Notes  on  the  Sage  Library"  first 
published  in  1888  and  since  revised,  give  an  account  of  the  rare  and  special 
treasures  of  this   Library. 

In  1895  the  Standing  Committee  on  Grounds  and  Property,  by  action  of 
General  Synod  was  made  to  consist  of  the  entire  faculty,  together  with 
five  members  chosen  by  the  Synod.  Recently  Synod  has  increased  the 
number  of  laymen  on  the  committee  to  six,  in  classes  of  two  each,  with 
three  year  terms  for  each  class.  The  office  of  Rector  of  Hertzog  Hall  was 
abolished.  A  Superintendent  of  Property  was  appointed  under  authority  of 
the  Standing  Committee. 

The  necessity  of  extra  gifts  for  ordinary  matters,  arising  about  1895 
displayed  the  serious  financial  situation  which  then  confronted  the  Sem- 
inar}'. No  large  gift  for  the  general  endowment  had  been  received  since 
the  gifts  of  Mr.  Suydarrt  and  Mr.  Sage,  except  the  bequest  in  1886  of 
Colonel  Egbert  Silvernail  of  Gallatin,  N.  Y.,  amounting  to  $23,000.  Be- 
cause of  the  fall  in  interest  rates  the  income  of  the  Seminary  became 
$5,000  less  than  formerly. 

The  General  Synod  of  1897  appointed  a  Committee  on  Seminary  Finance, 
composed  of  representatives  from  the  Board  of  Direction,  the  Board  of 
Superintendents  and  the  Standing  Committee.  Rev.  Dr.  James  Demarest 
was  employed  as  Financial  Agent,  with  the  purpose  of  securing  $250,000 
new  endowment. 

The  results,  as  the  Committee  has  continued  its  work,  have,  under  the 
divine  blessing,  exceeded  expectations.  More  than  $300,000  have  been 
added  to  the  endowments,  and  nearly  $25,000  have  been  given  for  current 
repairs  and  expenses.  The  professors,  all  of  whom  voluntarily  surrendered 
$500  of  their  salaries  to  aid  in  the  crisis,  have  been  released  from  further 
sacrifice  of  the  kind.  Three  lectorships,  in  Missions,  in  the  English  Bible, 
in  Biblical  Theology ;  and  three  instructorships,  in  Music,  in  Elocution, 
and  in  Christian  Education,  have  been  added  to  the  five  full  professorships, 
thus  widening  and  varying  the  course  of  training.  Synod  proposes  to  add 
a  sixth  Chair,  that  of  the  English  Bible  and  Christian  Education  when  there 
shall  be  a  comparatively  small  addition  to  the  income  already  available 
for  its  support  and  when  funds  shall  be  supplied  for  the  building  of  a 
house  for  the  new  professor.  The  late  Mr.  John  S.  Bussing  has  made 
provision  for  a  future  Chair  of  Biblical  Theology,  in  addition  to  the 
many  smaller  gifts  made  in  his  lifetime  and  inspiring  many  others  to  give. 

The  late  Ralph  Voorhees  was  an  early  contributor  and  his  gift  of  $25,000 
was  the  first  large  one  to  be  received.  Airs.  Ann  Farwell  Carver,  niece  of 
Mrs.  Ann  Hertzog,  bequeathed  $25,000  for  Library  Endowment,  and  the 
mansion  of  her  Aunt,  to  be  sold  and  the  proceeds  to  constitute  an  Ann 
Hertzog  Memorial  Fund,  the  income  of  which  was  to  be  used  for  the 
comfort  and  instruction  of  the  students  in   Hertzog  Hall.     The  net  pro- 


THEOLOGICAL   SEMINARY   AT    NEW   BRUNSWICK,    N.   J.  I37 

ceeds  of  this  sale  were  about  $70,000.  General  Synod  has  directed  that 
the  first  $1,000  of  this  income  shall  be  applied  to  the  maintenance  of 
Hertzog  Hall  and  the  balance  to  the  support  of  the  Chair  of  English  Bible 
and  Christian  Education.  Pending  the  securing  of  sufficient  funds  for  a 
full  salary  and  securing  a  house  for  the  professor  the  Synod  has  ordered 
that  an  instructorship  in  Christian  Education  and  a  lectorship  in  the  Eng- 
lish Bible  should  be  supported  from  this  income,  and  that  during  the 
period  of  high  prices  for  fuel  and  labor  another  $1,000  should  be  paid  for 
the  care  of  Hertzog  Hall.  The  remaining  balance  of  income  is  being 
added  to  the  principal  which  will  thus  soon  be  able  to  carry  a  full  pro- 
fessorial salary. 

Many  smaller  gifts  have  made  possible  the  decent  care  of  the  build- 
ings and  the  now  beautiful  campus  even  during  the  period  of  inflated 
prices,  and  will  make  possible  in  normal  conditions  a  program  of  improve- 
ment which  our  older  structures  will  require. 

Hertzog  Hall,  the  Library,  and  three  of  the  houses  are  lighted  by 
electricity  and  all  but  the  librarian's  house  are  heated  by  steam. 

The  property  occupied  by  Dr.  Raven,  having  become  impossible  as  a 
residence,  has  been  sold.  All  the  vacant  lots,  abutting  on  the  northern  side 
of  the  campus  have  been  purchased,  giving  adequate  and  convenient  sites 
for  the  three  houses  which  will  be  ultimately  needed,  for  the  Old  Testa- 
ment Professor,  and  the  occupants  of  the  proposed  new  Chairs. 

The  Catskill  Church  has  given  a  fund  of  $5,000  for  "administration  and 
special  lectures."  The  Lectureship  on  the  Christian  Ministry  has  thus 
been  maintained.     The  Lecturers  have  been  as  follows: 

1905.  Rev.  Charles  E.  Jefferson,  D.D.  > 

1906.  "  David  J.  Burrell,  D.D. 

1907.  "  Edward  B.  Coe,  D.D. 

1908.  "  Hugh  Black,  D.D. 

1909.  "  Herman  Bavinck,  D.D. 

1910.  "  Newell  Dwight  Hillis,  D.D. 

191 1.  '■  S.  Parkes  Cadman.  D.D. 

1912.  "  A.  V.  V.  Raymond,  D.D. 

1914.  "     James  R.  Howerton.  D.  D. 

191 5.  ■'      Rockwell  Harmon   Potter.  D.D. 

1917.  "  Floyd  W.  Tompkins,  D.D. 

1918.  "  John  Timothy   Stone,   D.D. 

1919.  ■'  Cornelius  Woelfkin,  D.D. 
19J0.  "  Walter  W.   Moore,  D.D. 

The  Alumni  Association  which  maintains  a  vigorous  life  and  an  annual 
reunion  is  raising  its  own  fund  for  a  Fellowship  and  has  paid  in  over 
$8,000. 

Since  1917  this  Association  has  ordered  that  a  portion  of  the  income  of 
their  increasing  Endowment  Fund  should  be  appropriated  for  the  support 
of  a  Lectureship  relating  especially  to  the  practical  problems  of  the  church. 

These  Lecturers  have  been  : 

1917.  Rev.  Edwin  Lee  Earp,  D.D. 

1918.  Kenyon  L.  Butterfield,  LL.D. 

1919.  Rev.  William   R.   Taylor,   D.D. 


138  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

1920.  "      Charles  R.  Brown,  D.D. 

1921.  "      Harris  E.  Kirk,   D.D. 

In  1908  Miss  Anna  M.  Sandham  established  the  George  Augustus  Sand- 
ham  Scholarship  Fund  amounting  to  $4,000,  the  income  of  which  for  one 
year  is  to  be  paid  in  three  annual  instalments  to  that  member  of  the  Junior 
Class  who  is  adjudged  to  have  done  the  best  work  in  the  Junior  Year. 

The  Alida  Van  Schaick  Graduate  Scholarship  has  been  established 
yielding  about  $500  to  a  student  approved  by  the  Board  of  Education, 
recommended  by  the  Faculty,  who  has  maintained  a  definite  high  standard 
of  scholarship  in  every  department  of  the  Seminary  throughout  the  full 
three  years'  course.  The  Board  of  Education  holds  and  administers  this 
Fund. 

The  Seminary  now  has,  in  all,  $681,000  of  invested  funds  of  which 
$103,000  are  Library  Funds ;  $340,000  are  Professorial  Funds ;  $103,000  for 
the  care  of  the  property;  $35,000  special  funds;  and  a  general  fund  of 
$25,000. 

The  most  pressing  financial  needs  today  are : 

I.  $35,000  for  the  erection  of  an  addition  to  Sage  Library  which  has 
proper  shelf  room  for  only  40,000  of  its  56,000  volumes.  This  addition 
can  be  named  as  the  donor  desires. 

IL  Funds  to  build  houses  for  the  sixth  Professorship,  for  the  Old  Testa- 
ment Professorship,  and  for  the  seventh  Professorship. 

in.  Increase  of  the  Property  Fund,  (income  applicable  to  the  point  of 
greatest  need)  to  $40,000. 

The  present  Faculty  comprises  : 
Rev.  J.   Preston   Searle,  D.D.,  James   Suydam   Professor  of   Systematic 

Theology.     President  of  the  Faculty. 
Rev.  Ferdinand  S.  Schenck,  D.D.,  LL.D..  Professor  of  Practical  Theology. 
Rev.   John   Howard   Raven,   D.D.,   Gardner   A.    Sage    Professor   of    Old 

Testament  Languages  and  Exegesis. 
Rev.  Edward  P.  Johnson,  D.D.,  Professor  of   Sacred  and  Ecclesiastical 

History.     Secretary  of  the  Faculty. 
Rev.  John  W.   Beardslee,  Ph.D.,  D.D.,  Thomas   De  Witt   Professor  of 

Hellenistic  Greek  and  New  Testament  Exegesis. 

professors   and   lectors   in   connection   with   the  first   theological 

seminary  of  the  reformed  church   in   AMERICA.      AT   NEW   YORK   AND  FLAT- 
bush,  i784-181o.    at  new  brunswick,  n.  j.,  since  181o. 
Professors  elected  by  the  (old)  Provisional  Synod. 
Rev.  John  H.  Livingston,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  Theology,  etc.,  New 

York  and  Flatbush,  1784-1810. 
Rev.  Hermanus  Meyer,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Languages  at  Pompton  Plains, 

1784-91  ;  Lector  in  Theology  at  Pompton  Plains,  1786-91. 
Rev.  Solomon  Froeligh,  D.D.,  Lector  in  Theology  at  Hackensack,  New 

Jersey,  1792-7. 
Rev.   Dirck  Romeyn,  D.D.,   Lector  in  Theology  at    Schenectady,   N.   Y., 

1792-7. 
Professors  elected  by  the  General  Synod.     (Constituted  1794). 


THEOLOGICAL   SEMINARY   AT    NEW    BRUNSWICK,    N.   J.  I39 

Rev.  Solomon  Froeligh,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  Theology,  Hacken- 
sack,  N.  J.,  1797-1822. 

Rev.  Dirck  Romeyn,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  Theology  at  Schenectady, 
N.  Y.,  1797-1804. 

Rev.  John  H.  Livingston,  D.D.,  Permanent  Professor  of  Didactic  The- 
ology at  New  York,  1804-10;  at  New  Brunswick,  1810-25.  (See  Min- 
utes of  General  Synod,  1804,  pp.  334-5,  339.  340.  Also  Centennial  of 
the  Seminary,  p.  362). 

Rev.  John  Bassett,  D.D.,  Teacher  of  Hebrew  at  Boght,  Schoharie  Co., 
and  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  1804-12. 

Rev.  Jeremiah  Romeyn,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Hebrew  at  Linlithgo,  Harlem, 
Schoharie,  and  Woodstock,  1804-6. 

Seminary  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.    (1810). 

Rev.  John  M.  van  Harlingen,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Hebrew  and  Ecclesi- 
astical History,  1812-13. 

Rev.  John  Schureman,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History,  Church 
Government,  and  Pastoral  Duties,  1815-18. 

Rev.  John  Ludlow,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature  and  Ecclesi- 
astical History,  1819-23. 

Rev.  John  De  Witt,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature  and  Ecclesi- 
astical History,    1823-25;   Professor  of   Biblical  Literature,   1825-31. 

Rev.  Philip  Milledoler,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  The- 
ology, 1825-41. 

Rev.  Selah  S.  WoodhulL-  D.D.,  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History, 
Church  Government,  and  Pastoral  Theology,   1825-26. 

Rev.  James  S.  Cannon,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History,  Church 
Government,  and  Pastoral  Theology,  1826-52. 

Rev.  Alexander  McClelland,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature. 
1832-51. 

Rev.  Samuel  A.  Van  Vranken,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic 
Theology,  1841-61. 

Rev.  William  H.  Campbell,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature. 
1851-63. 

Rev.  John  Ludlow,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Pastoral  Theology,  Ecclesiastical 
History,  and  Church  Government,  1852-57. 

Rev.  Samuel  M.  Woodbridge,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Pastoral  Theology, 
Ecclesiastical  History,  and  Church  Government,  1857-65.  Professor  of 
Ecclesiastical  History  and  Church  Government,  1865-1901.  Emeritus, 
1901-1905. 

Rev.  Joseph  F.  Berg,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology, 
1861-71. 

Rev.  John  De  Witt,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Litt.  D.,  Professor  of  Biblical  Literature, 
1863-84.  Professor  of  Hellenistic  Greek  and  New  Testament  Exe- 
gesis,  1884-92. 

Rev.  David  D.  Demarest,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Pastoral  Theology 
and  Sacred  Rhetoric,  1865-98. 

Rev.  Abr.\h.\m  B.  van  Z.\ndt.  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  and 
Polemic  Theology,  1872-81.  Emeritus  Professor  of  Didactic  and 
Polemic  Theology,  1881. 


140  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Rev.  William  V.  V.  Mabon,  D.  D.,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  and 
Polemic  Theology,  1881-92. 

Rev.  John  G.  Lansing,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Old  Testament  Languages  and 
Exegesis,  1884-98. 

Rev.  James  F.  Riggs,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Hellenistic  Greek  and  New  Testa- 
ment Exegesis,  1892-98. 

Rev.  John  Preston  Searle,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  The- 
ology, 1893. 

Rev.  John  H.  Gillespie,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Hellenistic  Greek  and  New 
Testament  Exegesis,  1898-1911. 

Rev.  Ferdinand  S.  Schenck,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Practical  Theology,  1899. 

Rev.  John  H.  Raven,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Old  Testament  Languages  and 
Exegesis,  1899. 

Rev.  William  H.  S.  Demarest,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History 
and  Church  Government,  1901-1906. 

Rev.  Edward  Payson  Johnson,  D.D..  Professor  of  Sacred  and  Ecclesi- 
astical History,   1906 — 

Rev.  J.  Frederic  Berg,  Ph.D.,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Hellenistic  Greek  and 
New  Testament  Exegesis,  1911-1917. 

Rev.  John  W.  Beardslee,  Jr.,  Ph.D.,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Hellenistic  Greek 
and  New  Testament  Exegesis.  1917 — 

Temporary  Assistants. 

Rev.  Peter  Studdiford,  Listructor  in  Hebrew,  1812-14. 

Rev.  James  S.  Cannon,  D.D.,  Instructor  in  Ecclesiastical  History,  Church 

Government,  and  Pastoral  Theology,  1818-19. 
Rev.  John  S.  Mabon,  Instructor  in  Hebrew  and  Greek,  1818-19. 
Rev.  Alexander  McClelland,  D.D.,  Instructor  in  Hebrew,  1831-32. 
Rev.  George  W.  Bethune,  D.D.,  Lecturer  on  Pulpit  Eloquence,  1857-58. 
Rev.  Prof.  Samuel  N.  Woodbridge,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Instructor  in  Didactic  and 

Polemic  Theology,  1871-72. 
Rev.   Talbot  W.   Chambers,   D.D.,   LL.D..   Assistant   Instructor   in    New 

Testament  Exegesis,   1883-84. 
Rev.  Edward  T.  Corwin,  D.D.,  Assistant  Instructor  in   Hebrew  and  Old 

Testament  Exegesis,   1883-4.     Jan. -Mar.,  1889.     Jan. -Feb.,  1890.     Sept., 

1890-May,  1891.     New  Testament  Exegesis,  Jan. -May,  1892. 
Rev.  John  H.  Raven,  D.D.,  Instructor  in  Old  Testament  Languages  and 

Exegesis,   1898-99. 
Rev.   Abel  Henry  Huizinga,   Ph.D.,   Instructor  in   Old   Testament  Lan- 
guages and  Exegesis,  1902-03. 
Rev.  Joseph  F.  Berg,  Ph.D.,  D.D.,  Lector  in  Biblical  Theology  and  Sacred 

History,   1905-11. 
Rev.  Mancius  H.  Hutton,  D.D.,  Instructor  in  Hellenistic  Greek  and  New 

Testament  Exegesis,  1907. 
Rev.  Simon  Blocker,  Lector  in  Biblical  Theology,  1917 — 
Rev.  John  W.  Beardslee,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  Acting  Lector  in  Exegesis  of  the 

English  Bible,  1917-21 
Edward  P.  St  John,  A.M.,  Pd.M.,  Instructor  in  Christian  Education,  1919 — 


CHAPTER  XX. 
UNIOX  COLLEGE  AND  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH  IN  AMERICA. 

BY   REV.    WILLIAM    N.    P.    DAILEY. 

Union  College,  no  less  than  Rutgers,  is  a  child  of  the  Reformed  Church 
in  America.  From  the  time  when  nearly  a  thousand  of  the  citizens  of 
Albany,  Tyron,  and  Charlotte  counties,  in  1779,  petitioned  the  New  York 
Legislature  for  a  college  charter,  to  the  present  day,  Union  College  and 
the  Reformed  Church  have  been  vitally  related.  For  a  long  period  after 
Union's  charter  was  finally  granted  (1795),  the  college  at  Schenectady 
furnished  as  many  students  for  the  New  Brunswick  Seminary  as  did 
Queen's,  later  Rutgers,  at  New  Brunswick. 

The  Reformed  Church  in  America  has  ever  been  a  church  of  culture, 
not  that  its  first  motive,  the  spiritual,  has  been  neglected,  nor  that  it  has 
ever  ceased  to  follow  its  glorious  Leader,  in  going  to  every  creature  in  all 
the  world, — but  it  has  always  contended  that  the  fruits  of  the  indwelling 
Spirit  of  God  might  well  be  blended  with  the  humanities,  that  religion 
and  science,  reasonably  associated,  will  dispel  the  darkness  and  drive  away 
the  superstition  that  often  holds  men. 

The  Revolutionary  War  had  not  yet  been  brought  to  a  conclusion  when 
the  men  of  Dutch  descent  in  the  valleys  of  the  Mohawk,  and  of  the  upper 
Hudson,  urged  on  by  Rev.  Dirck  Romeyn,  pastor  of  the  old  First  (Dutch) 
Reformed  Church  of  Schenectady  (1784-1806),  began  to  plan  for  an 
academy  for  the  "classical  and  scientific  training  of  the  young."  Already 
petitions  for  a  college,  in  1779  and  1782,  had  been  refused  by  the  Legisla- 
ture. The  Academy,  financially  backed  by  the  Dutch  church,  was  built  in 
1785.  The  Union  College  charter  was  granted  on  Feb.  25,  1795,  and  the 
Academy  became  the  first  home  of  the  college. 

Rev.  Dr.  Dirck  Romeyn  was  the  founder  of  Union  College.  Born  in 
1744  at  Hackensack,  N.  J.,  he  graduated  from  the  College  of  New  Jersey 
in  1765,  and  after  pastorates  in  several  churches,  went  to  Schenectady 
where  the  great  work  of  his  life  was  accomplished.  Twice  he  declined 
the  presidency  of  Queen's  College,  and,  later,  refused  the  presidency  of  the 
college  newly  founded  at  Schenectady.  He  was  deeply  interested  in  the 
plan  to  found  a  State  University  in  New  York,  and  when  this  failed  he 
devoted  his  energies  to  the  establishment  of  the  Schenectady  Academy 
which  grew-  into  Union  College. 

Union  College,  the  second  chartered  institution  of  its  kind  in  New  York, 
the  first  west  of  the  Hudson  River,  and  at  that  time  the  only  one  con- 

141 


142  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

fessedly  non-denominational  in  America,  was  the  outcome  of  nearly  a 
century  of  education  in  Schenectady,  beginning  as  far  back  as  the  days  of 
Rev.  Peter  Tesschenmaeker,  who  came  to  the  Dutch  church  there  in 
1682,  the  first  recorded  schoolmaster,  who  suffered  death  in  the  massacre 
there  of  1690.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Utrecht  in  1671,  and  was  followed 
in  the  church  and  school  by  Rev.  Godfreidus  Dellius  (Leyden  1672),  who 
was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Bernardus  Freeman. 

The  spirit  of  the  movement  for  a  college,  and  its  outcome,  was  kindred 
to  the  spirit  that  prevailed  in  the  mother  country,  Holland,  when,  in  1574, 
at  the  close  of  the  most  terrible  siege  in  human  history,  the  people  of 
Leyden,  triumphant  over  their  foes,  having  been  offered  the  perpetual 
gift  of  an  annual  fair  or  the  founding  of  university,  chose  the  latter ; 
it  was  the  spirit  that  provoked  John  of  Nassau,  eldest  brother  of  William 
Prince  of  Orange,  to  urge  upon  the  States  General  the  adoption  of  free 
schools  everywhere ;  it  was  the  spirit  that  Holland  showed  at  the  close 
of  eighty  years  conflict  for  civil  and  religious  liberty,  to  tolerate  all  na- 
tions of  men,  including  her  former  enemies. 

In  this  spirit  the  founders  of  Union  College,  in  large  measure  allied 
with  the  Dutch  church,  petitioned  for  a  college  at  Schenectady  to  answer 
"the  loud  call  for  men  of  learning  to  fill  the  several  offices  of  church  and 
state,"  and  in  the  charter  granted  they  asked  that  it  be  provided  that  no 
order  or  rule  or  ordinance  of  the  institution  should  ever  "exclude  any 
person  of  any  religious  denomination  whatever  from  equal  liberty  and 
advantage  of  education  or  from  any  of  the  degrees,  liberties,  privileges, 
benefits  or  immunities  of  the  said  College,  on  account  of  his  particular 
tenets  of  religion."  The  seal  of  the  college  bears  a  cross  with  the  mottoes 
above  and  below,  in  necessariis  unitas  and  in  dubiis  libertas,  while  upon  the 
cross,  besides  the  character  of  Christus,  is  the  motto,  in  omnibus  caritas. 

The  establishment  of  Union  College  at  Schenectady  was  not  without 
great  opposition  from  other  localities,  and  it  was  due  to  the  zeal  and 
influence  of  Rev.  Dr.  Dirck  Romeyn  that  the  location  was  finally  de- 
termined upon  as  is  borne  out  by  a  letter,  written  many  years  afterward 
by  Gov.  De  Witt  Clinton,  who  at  the  time  of  granting  the  charter  was  the 
Secretary  of  the  University  of  New  York.  In  this  letter  he  writes  that 
powerful  opposition  was  made  by  Albany,  but  the  weight  and  respectability 
of  Dr.  Romeyn's  character  procured  a  decision  in  favor  of  Schenectady. 
He  says  that  Gov.  Geo.  Clinton  and  Gen.  Schuyler,  who  were  almost 
always  in  opposition  to  each  other,  were  united  on  this  question.  It  was 
at  a  meeting  of  the  Regents  of  the  University  in  New  York  that  Rev.  Dr. 
Romeyn  of  the  Dutch  Church  realized  one  of  the  greatest  ambitions  of  his 
life,  the  founding  of  a  college  in  the  valley  of  the  Mohawk. 

Union  College,  in  the  making  of  men,  has  especially  shone  in  the  output 
of  her  graduates  who  have  felt  called  to  take  up  the  work  of  the  Christian 
ministry,  of  whom  there  have  been  upwards  of  fifteen  hundred.  More 
than  a  hundred  of  these  have  entered  the  seminary  at  New  Brunswick. 
Up  to  the  year  1840  there  were  as  many  graduates  of  Union  College  in 
New  Brunswick  Seminary  as  there  were  from  Rutgers.     Of  the  faculty 


UNION   COLLEGE  AND  THE   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA  I43 

of  the  Seminary,  besides  Rev.  Dr.  Romeyn,  the  founder  of  the  College, 
there  were  Professors  Ludlow,  De  Witt,  McClelland,  Van  Vranken,  Van 
Zandt,  Lansing,  and  Alabon,  all  alumni  of  Union,  and  Dr.  Nott,  even, 
taught  Theology  to  men  who  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Reformed  Church. 

Glancing  over  the  names  of  the  first  appointed  trustees  one  might  think  it 
was  a  Reformed  Dutch  Church  Institution.  It  might  even  have  looked  more 
so  were  it  not  for  the  wise  forethought  of  its  founders  who  embodied  in 
the  charter  the  provision  that  no  one  religious  body  should  at  any  time 
have  a  majority  in  the  board  of  trustees.  But  of  the  thirty-three  trustees 
nearly  one-half  were  by  descent  or  ecclesiastical  connection,  or  both,  allied 
with  the  Reformed  Church.  There  were  Robert,  Abraham,  Joseph  C. 
(later,  Governor  of  New  York),  and  John  Yates,  (three  of  them  from 
Schenectady),  Abraham  Ten  Broeck,  Stephen  van  Rensselaer  (the 
patroon),  John  Glen,  Rev.  Dirck  Romeyn,  Nicholas  Veeder,  James  Shuter, 
Isaac  Vrooman,  Rev.  Jas.  V.  C.  Romeyn  (nephew  of  Dr.  Romeyn),  Dirck 
Ten  Broeck,  Guert  van  Schoonhoven,  Philip  S.  van  Rensselaer,  and  there 
might  have  been  two  or  three  more  for  aught  we  know. 

The  first  president  of  the  College  was  Rev.  John  Blair  Smith,  a  graduate 
of  Princeton.  Associated  with  him  on  the  faculty  was  Rev.  Andrew  Yates 
(Yale,  1793),  who  had  studied  theology  under  Dr.  Livingston,  for  half 
a  century  a  minister  of  the  Reformed  Church,  and  serving  many  of  the 
churches  in  the  Mohawk  valley  while  teaching.  The  third  professor  was 
Cornelius  H.  van  der  Heuvel.  a  Hollander.  The  first  class  of  1797  num- 
bered four  men,  all  of  whom  entered  the  ministry,  three,  Revs.  Thomas 
Romeyn,  Cornelius  D.  Scherm^rhorn,  and  John  L.  Zabriskie  spending  their 
entire  life  in  the  Reformed  Church. 

In  1799  the  Rev.  Jonathan  Edwards,  the  younger,  became  the  second 
president,  and  died  in  office  in  1801.  He  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Jonathan 
Maxcy,  a  graduate  of  Brown,  a  Baptist,  who  resigned  because  of  ill  health 
in  1804,  to  be  followed  in  the  office  by  Rev.  Eliphalet  Nott,  also  of  Brown, 
at  the  time  pastor  of  a  Presbyterian  church  in  Albany.  N.  Y.  Dr.  Nott's 
accession  to  the  presidency  of  Union  College  was  the  determining  event 
in  the  history  of  the  institution  for  nearly  a  century,  since  he  held  the  posi- 
tion for  sixty-two  years,  the  longest  administration  in  the  history  of 
American  colleges.  The  college  took  on  at  once  a  new  and  aggres- 
sive life,  and  the  spirit  of  liberty  in  which  it  had  been  founded  bore 
fruit  abundantly.  A  man  of  commanding  appearance,  of  inspiring  personal- 
ity, progressive  in  spirit  and  of  tireless  energy,  his  practical  and  vigorous 
administration  of  the  college  soon  brought  it  to  a  place  of  commanding 
importance  and  influence  among  the  institutions  of  the  country,  while  its 
graduates  exceeded  for  many  years  those  of  the  older  colleges. 

President  Nott  believed  that  religion  and  education  should  be  in- 
separable allies  in  the  development  of  the  manhood  that  the  nation  needed, 
in  both  state  .and  church.  He  may  be  justly  called  the  pioneer  of  modern 
educational  progress  in  America,  for  Union  College  was  the  first  to  break 
away  from  the  traditions  of  the  old  World,  which  had  been  in  large 
measure   followed  by  the   institutions   in   the   west,   and   to   introduce   new 


144  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

courses  of  study  that  better  fitted  men  for  the  varied  pursuits  of  life.  As 
early  as  1809  a  course  of  study  in  Modern  Languages  was  adopted.  In  1828 
the  first  Scientific  Course  in  any  American  college  was  instituted.  In  1845 
a  Civil  Engineering  Course  was  added  to  this,  anticipatory  of  the  demand 
for  technical  training,  which  almost  every  other  institution  of  higher 
education  in  America  has  since  recognized.  Dr.  Nott's  fame  as  a  con- 
summate teacher  of  youth  spread  to  all  parts  of  the  land ;  his  rare  personal 
magnetism,  his  tolerant  spirit  in  discipline,  his  wise  counsel  in  the  affairs 
of  the  individual  student,  these  won  the  hearts  of  the  undergraduates, 
inspired  them  to  study,  and  gave  them  high  and  worthy  ambition  to  lead 
honored  lives  of  usefulness  among  their  fellows. 

These  radical  departures  from  the  traditions  of  the  day,  giving  a  larger 
liberty  to  the  student  life,  emphasizing  the  place  of  moral  restraint  in  the 
necessary  discipline,  adoption  of  technical  courses  of  study  for  life's  prac- 
tical affairs,  and  over  all  the  gentle  but  firm  guidance  of  the  presiding 
genius  of  the  institution,  Dr.  Nott,  not  only  tended  toward  academic  and 
personal  freedom,  but  it  placed  the  educational  emphasis  on  practical 
training  and  provoked  a  self-reliant  and  democratic  spirit.  The  results, 
naturally,  were  witnessed  jn  the  large  number  of  Union  College  men  who 
were  distinguished  in  the  State  and  Church.  By  i860  it  had  become  a 
national  institution,  young  men  coming  to  it  from  every  part  of  the 
country,  the  South,  especially,  being  a  great  contributor.  In  1830  Union 
College  had  passed  Columbia,  Yale,  and  Harvard,  in  the  number  of 
students,  and  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  was  the  most  famous  college  in 
the  States.  Because  of  the  Civil  War,  and  the  death  soon  after  of  Dr. 
Nott,  the  college  began  to  decline  in  number  of  students  and  in  influence. 
The  successors  of  Dr.  Nott  in  the  presidency  were  Rev.  Laurens  P.  Hickok, 
a  member  of  the  Class  of  1820  of  the  College,  which  class  numbered  among 
its  members.  Dr.  Tayler  Lewis,  the  eminent  orientalist  and  Biblical  critic, 
and  Gov.  William  H.  Seward ;  when  Dr.  Hickok  resigned  in  1868  the  Rev. 
Charles  A.  Aiken,  professor  of  Latin  Language  and  Literature  in  the 
College  of  New  Jersey,  was  elected,  serving  two  years  ,•  he  was  followed  by 
Rev.  Dr.  Eliphalet  Nott  Potter,  grandson  of  Dr.  Nott,  under  whose  ad- 
ministration the  college  was  greatly  strengthened  and  Union  University 
formed  (1873)  ;  with  the  election  of  Dr.  Potter  to  the  presidency  of 
Hobart  in  1884,  the  first  layman  was  inducted  into  the  office,  Harrison  E. 
Webster,  M.D..  LL.D.,  this  was  in  1888,  and  he  remained  until  1894,  when 
the  Rev.  Andrew  V.  V.  Raymond,  a  graduate  of  New  Brunswick  Seminary, 
1878,  was  elected. 

In  the  coming  of  Dr.  Raymond  to  the  presidency  of  Union  College  a 
new  era  of  prosperity  ensued,  and  substantial  gains  were  made  in  both 
students  and  endowment.  An  electrical  course  was  instituted  in  which 
the  General  Electrical  Company  has  vested  relationships.  But  while  the 
college  is  thus  meeting  satisfactorily  the  increasing  demand  for  technical 
training,  it  has  not  swerved  from  its  older  academic  traditions ;  classical 
and  scientific  courses  are  still  maintained  which  are  intended  to  impart  a 
liberal  culture  rather  than  to  prepare  directly  for  any  particular  profession 


UNION    COLLEGE   AND  THE   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA  I45 

or  occupation.  With  its  heritage  of  inspiring  traditions,  its  sound  financial 
condition,  its  unexcelled  curriculum,  its  increasing  patronage,  the  college 
was  ready,  on  the  resignation  of  Dr.  Raymond  in  1907  (to  re-enter  the 
pastorate)  for  the  accession  to  the  presidency  of  Rev.  Dr.  Charles  Alexan- 
der Richmond  who  was  called  from  an  Albany  Presbyterian  church  in 
1908,  and  under  whose  efficient  administration  Union  College  stands  to-day 
second  to  no  other  of  all  the  institutions  of  learning  in  our  country  as  a 
maker  of  men. 

The  vision  of  the  men  who  in  that  far  off  day  laid  the  foundations  of 
Union  College  is  being  realized  in  the  character  and  conduct  of  her  sons 
who  from  the  beginning  have  been  fitted  "to  fill  the  several  offices  of  church 
and  state."  Perhaps  in  no  way  has  this  been  better  evidenced  than  in  the 
part  that  has  been  played  by  its  graduates  in  the  Christian  ministry,  and 
of  this  spirit  of  service  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  has  had  no  small 
share.  At  least  a  seventh  of  all  the  men  who  have  left  Union  College  to 
enter  the  ministry  have  found  their  life  work  in  the  Reformed  Church  in 
America.  Of  these  and  others  we  may  briefly  speak.  Fifty  college  and 
university  presidents  are  among  the  graduates,  among  the  institutions 
sharing  in  this  contribution  being  Brown,  Bowdoin,  Colgate,  Hobart,  Hope, 
Knox,  Michigan  University,  New  York  University,  Iowa  University, 
Miami,  University  of  Pennsylvania,  Trinity,  and  William  and  Mary.  In 
the  higher  education  for  women  Union  College,  perhaps  has  no  rival,  for 
she  gave  of  her  graduates  first  presidents  to  four  of  these  pioneer  institu- 
tions, Elmira,  Rutgers  Female  College,  Vassar,  and  Smith.  Dr.  Seelye  of 
the  Class  of  '57  being  still  president  emeritus  of  the  last  named.  In 
theological  education  her  influence  has  been  equally  effective;  three  of  the 
founders  of  Union  Seminary  were  her  sons;  she  has  provided  presidents 
for  Drew,  Hamilton,  Hartford,  Heidelberg,  the  Lutheran,  New  Brunswick, 
and  Union  seminaries,  and  the  Philadelphia  and  DeLancey  Divinity 
Schools.  And  in  the  moulding  of  men  for  the  sacred  ministry  she  has 
given  of  her  graduates  teachers  to  Auburn,  Hartford,  Columbia  (S.  C), 
Louisville,  McCormick,  Berkeley,  Rochester,  Seabury,  Western,  Omaha,  and 
the  German  Reformed  seminaries.  From  Union  College  have  come 
bishops  for  the  Episcopal  Church  in  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
Connecticut,  Indiana,  Long  Island,  Colorado,  Chicago,  and  the  Philippines. 

In  missionary  annals  Union  College  particularly  evidences  her  part  in 
the  betterment  of  the  world.  She  has  trained  executive  secretaries  for  the 
American  Board,  for  the  American  and  Foreign  Christian  Union,  for  the 
Boards  of  Foreign  Missions  in  the  Presbyterian  Church,  North  and  South, 
and  in  our  own  Reformed  Church ;  for  the  Baptist  Publication  Society, 
for  the  Boards  of  Education  in  the  Presbyterian  and  Reformed  Churches, 
and  for  the  American  Sunday  School  Union,  not  the  least  of  whom  is  Dr. 
E.  W.  Rice,  Class  '54,  its  greatest  worker  and  historian,  still  abiding  in 
influence.  Rev.  Dr.  Alexander  of  New  York,  present  president  of  Presby- 
terian Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  had  two  predecessors  who  were  Union 
College  men.  Two  Union  men,  Samuel  Nott  of  the  Class  of  1808  and 
Samuel  J.  Mills  of  the  Class  of  1809   (though  not  a  graduate),  were,  in- 


146  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

directly,  the  founders  of  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners,  with  which 
Board  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  was  associated  for  more  than  a 
quarter  of  a  century.  Samuel  Nott  was  one  of  the  first  three  foreign  mis- 
sionaries to  leave  America,  while  the  work  of  Samuel  J.  Mills  culminated" 
in  the  formation  of  the  American  Bible  Society.  The  founder  of  the 
Arabian  Mission  was  Rev.  Dr.  Lansing  of  Union,  Class  '75,  son  of  Rev. 
Gulian  Lansing,  Union  '47,  missionary  to  Egypt,  while  the  pioneer  mis- 
sionary to  Arabia  from  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  was  James 
Cantine  of  the  Class  of  '83,  and  now  after  thirty  years  still  doing  valiant 
service  there  and  realizing  the  unique  vision  of  his  seminary  days.  The 
first  permanent  mission  in  Siam  was  founded  by  three  Union  College  men, 
who,  although  ordered  home  by  their  Board,  owing  to  the  enmity  of  the 
people,  dared  to  stay  and  finally  won  the  gratitude  of  the  king.  Union 
College  has  sent  sixteen  of  her  men  to  India,  including  Robert  W.  Hume, 
eleven  to  China,  among  whom  was  John  L.  Nevius,  from  whom  Elbert 
Nevius,  the  Reformed  Church  missionary  to  Borneo,  received  his  in- 
spiration, seven  men  to  Syria,  four  to  Turkey,  seven  to  Africa,  and  a  score 
of  others  to  follow  the  path  first  blazed  by  Samuel  Nott.  In  the  centre  of 
a  population  of  half  a  mUlion,  where  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  is 
strong  in  membership.  Union  College,  with  her  academic  traditions  and 
modern  scientific  impulse,  is  destined  to  continue  her  age  long  influence  and 
relationship  with  that  denomination. 


CHAPTER  XXI. 
HISTORY  OF  HOPE  COLLEGE. 

BY  REV.  S.  C.  NETTINGA,  D.D.,  PROF.  OF  HISTORICAL  THEOLOGY  IN  THE  W.T.S.,  R.C.A. 

Hope  College  is  a  child  of  faith.  The  Holland  immigrants  of  1847 
and  subsequent  years,  who  laid  the  foundations,  were  to  a  large  extent,  a 
deeply  religious  people.  Being  persecuted  for  their  faith  they  came  to  the 
"Land  of  the  Free"  that  they  might,  like  so  many  others  before  and  since, 
worship  God  as  their  conscience  dictated. 

Over  against  the  formalism  of  the  day  in  their  native  land,  they  em- 
phasized the  evangelical  truths  and  the  primacy  of  the  Christian  experi- 
ence in  religious  life,  also  a  strict  observance  of  the  Sabbath-day  and  the 
importance  of  family  worship. 

This  is  evident  not  only  from  their  life  in  general  but  also  from  their 
persistence  in  the  face  of  the  greatest  obstacles  relative  to  the  institution, 
the  opposition  of  some,  and  the  indifference  of  others. 

In  view  of  this  predominant  characteristic  of  their  life  we  are  not  sur- 
prised that  within  less  than  three  years  of  their  settlement  at  Holland, 
Mich.,  in  the  midst  of  the  mighty  forest,  with  little  or  no  capital,  these 
people  already  speak  of  a  school  for  the  training  of  their  children  to  fit 
them  for  positions  of  usefulness. 

Yet  such  is  the  fact.  In  the  spring  of  1848  the  Classis  of  Holland  already 
discussed  the  general  educational  interests.  In  September  of  the  same 
year  the  duty  of  supporting  the  schools  on  the  part  of  the  church  was  again 
urged. 

All  this  was  but  natural.  Real,  vital  and  evangelical  Christianity  and 
education  have  always  gone  hand  in  hand  and  the  Hollanders  have  always 
been  outstanding  exponents  of  that  fact. 

Providential   Preparation. 

Fortunately  for  those  heroic  men  and  women  and  the  cause  of  higher 
Christian  education  among  them,  providential  preparation  had  already  been 
made,  whereby  their  hopes  and  desires  were  made  possible. 

The  Reformed  Church  in  America  true  to  her  historic  instinct,  solicitous 
of  conserving  its  people  moving  from  the  Eastern  states  to  the  rapidly 
growing  West,  had  already  begun  home  missionary  work  in  Michigan 
and  Illinois,  several  years  previous  to  the  coming  of  the  new  immi- 
grants to  Holland,  Mich.,  in  1847.  As  early  as  1836  we  read  of  a  re- 
quest from  the  Classis  of  Schoharie  to  General  Synod  on  the  subject  of 
establishing  a  theological  seminary  and  college  and  a  preparatory  school 

147 


148  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

in  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi  in  answer  to  which  General  Synod  re- 
solved, "That  a  committee  of  two  persons  be  appointed  by  the  Board  of 
Domestic  Missions  of  the  General  Synod  to  visit  the  Western  states  and 
the  territory  of  Michigan  and  report  on  the  expediency  of  establishing 
missionary  stations  for  the  benefit  of  those  formerly  connected  with  our 
church  and  for  their  children."  In  1843  Synod's  attention  was  again  called 
to  the  importance  of  Christian  education  in  the  West,  upon  which  it 
recommended  "the  creating  and  sustaining  of  schools  of  a  superior  grade 
which  should  afford  a  good  and  thorough  education  and  inculcate  the 
principles  of  pure  morality  and  sound  religion."  And  so  extensive  had  the 
missionary  work  in  the  West  become  by  this  time  that  the  Classis  of 
Illinois  and  Michigan  had  already  been  organized.  In  this  way  the  mind 
of  the  church  was  prepared  for  the  actual  work. 

The  Beginning. 

The  actual  beginning  may  be  dated  from  1850.  In  that  year  Rev.  John 
Garretson,  recently  appointed  Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  Board  of 
Domestic  Missions,  visited  the  Holland  Colony  in  Michigan  and  con- 
ferred with  its  leader, -Dr.  A.  C.  Van  Raalte,  a  man  of  high  ideals  and 
deeply  interested  in  higher  Christian  education,  being  himself  university 
trained.  Dr.  Garretson  not  only  brought  back  a  favorable  report  but  also 
drew  up  a  plan  for  a  school  at  Holland,  the  object  of  which  should  be 
"To  prepare  sons  of  the  colonists  from  Holland  for  Rutgers  College,  and 
also  to  educate  daughters  of  said  Colonists."  He  also  obtained  subscrip- 
tions for  the  institution  on  the  condition  that  five  acres  of  land  be  pro- 
cured for  the  purpose  of  an  academy.  This  was  donated  by  Dr.  Van 
Raalte,  forming  the  nucleus  of  the  present  beautiful  campus  of  sixteen 
acres.  Soon  after  this  Mr.  Walter  T.  Taylor,  an  elder  in  the  Reformed 
Church  of  Geneva,  was  nominated  as  principal  of  the  Western  Academy. 
This  position  he  accepted  and  began  work  in  October  1851.  He  was 
assisted  by  his  son  and  three  daughters. 

Thus  began  this  school  of  higher  education  of  which  Dr.  Van  Raalte 
said,  "This  is  my  anchor  of  Hope  for  this  people  in  the  future."  He 
spoke  not  without  reason.  When  we  consider  that  these  people  were 
as  yet  practical  strangers  in  this  land;  unacquainted  with  the  language  of 
the  country,  and  on  the  whole  without  material  means  we  realize  how 
truly  it  was  an  undertaking  of  hope  and  faith.  And  we  feel  the  force 
of  the  words  of  Dr.  Philip  Phelps,  Jr.  speaking  of  it  some  twenty-five  years 
later,  "Think  of  the  heroic  faith  that  would  set  up  a  school  of  higher 
education  in  a  howling  wilderness,  by  a  people  ignorant  of  the  national 
tongue,  barely  able  to  support  themselves." 

Strengthening  the  Stakes. 

In  1853,  the  year  in  which  we  find  the  first  annual  report  of  the  in- 
stitution to  General  Synod,  it  was  placed  under  the  care  of  Synod  thus 
becoming  in  the  fullest  sense  a  Church  institution. 


HISTORY    OF    HOPE    COLLEGE  I49 

In  1854,  Mr.  Taylor  wishing  to  resign  the  principalship,  the  method  of 
administration  was  changed.  Up  till  this  time,  the  administration  had  been 
local,  the  minister  and  elder  of  each  congregation  in  the  colony  forming 
a  committee  to  promote  the  educational  interests  among  the  people.  Now 
it  was  resolved,  "That  the  Boards  of  Education  and  Domestic  Missions 
be  instructed  to  combine  their  arrangement  for  the  benefit  of  the  colony 
at  Holland,  that  a  minister  of  our  church  may  be  selected,  competent  at 
once  to  preach  the  gospel  and  conduct  the  instructions  of  the  academy 
and  that  he  be  supported  by  the  joint  contributions  of  the  two   Boards." 

The  Rev.  F.  P.  Beidler  succeeded  Mr.  Taylor.  He  remained,  how- 
ever, for  only  one  year,  whereupon  Rev.  John  Van  Vleck  was  appointed 
"Principal  of  the  Holland  Academy"  as  the  school  was  now  called  and 
"Missionary  preacher  in  the  Colony." 

It  was  particularly  during  his  term  of  service  that  considerable  progress 
was  made.  Among  other  things  accomplished  was  the  building  of  what  is 
to-day  known  as  Van  Vleck  Hall.  It  is  a  large  four  story  brick  building. 
While  to-day  it  serves  exclusively  for  dormitory  purposes,  in  that  day  it 
served  a  much  more  general  purpose,  being  a  dwelling  for  the  principal, 
student  dormitory,  library,  chapel,  and  recitation  hall  all  in  one.  The 
money  necessary  for  its  erection,  about  $12,000,  was  largely  collected  by 
Dr.  Van  Raalte  in  the  East. 

The  next  step  in  advance  was  the  lengthening  of  the  course  of  studies. 
Thus  far  no  student  had  been  carried  beyond  the  preparatory  course. 
Now,  however,  General  Synod  took  action  which  enabled  students  who 
had  the  ministry  in  view  to  "pursue  a  portion  of  their  studies  in  the 
Academy  instead  of  entering  at  once  into  Rutgers  College."  That  neces- 
sarily required  additional  teaching  force.  Accordingly  the  Board  of  Edu- 
cation sent  Mr.  Abraham  Thompson  as  an  additional  instructor.  Re- 
signing after  one  year,  he  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Giles  Vander  Wall. 

In  1859  Mr.  Van  Vleck  resigned,  whereupon  the  Boards  of  Domestic 
Missions  and  Education  united  in  the  appointment  of  Rev.  Philip  Phelps  as 
"Principal  of  the  Academy  and  Missionary  Preacher." 

Soon  after  this  two  new  buildings  were  erected.  In  i860  the  so-called 
"Oggel  House"  was  erected  as  a  residence.  Two  years  later,  in  the  winter 
and  spring  of  1862  the  students  under  the  direction  of  a  carpenter  erected 
the  first  gymnasium,  a  building  that  might  also  be  used  for  commence- 
ment purposes.  Not  only  did  they  cut  down  the  trees  but  they  also  pre- 
pared the  timbers  and  put  them  together.  A  private  dedicatory  service  was 
held  upon  its  completion,  consisting  of  the  hoisting  of  the  stars  and  stripes, 
the  reading  of  a  psalm,  the  singing  of  a  hymn,  the  offering  of  a  prayer 
and  concluding  with  three  rousing  cheers.  The  public  dedication  service 
took  place  in  June  of  the  same  year. 

The  College. 

It  was  now  some  twelve  years  since  the  school  was  opened.  A  begiiming 
had  only  been  made.  There  was  a  preparatory  department,  a  principal, 
one  college   class,   a   freshman   class,  ten   in   number   having  been   formed. 


150  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

but  no  professors  and  no  endowment.  At  the  beginning  of  the  second 
college  year,  however,  the  college  department  was  strengthened  by  the 
addition  of  Rev.  P.  J.  Oggel  and  Rev.  T.  Romeyn  Beck  as  professors. 
The  following  year  a  Board  of  Superintendents  was  appointed  by  General 
Synod.  The  next  year  a  college  was  proposed  and  approved  by  the  Synods. 
By  1865  $40,000  had  been  contributed  as  an  endowment.  The  same  year 
the  college  was  incorporated.  Before  the  first  class  graduated  the  faculty 
had  been  strengthened  by  the  appointment  of  two  additional  professors,  in 
the  persons  of  Rev.  Chas.  Scott  and  Rev.  C.  E.  Crispell. 

The  first  commencement  took  place  in  1866,  when  eight  young  men  were 
graduated.  Seven  of  these  took  up  theological  studies  in  the  college  the 
next  September,  General  Synod  having  taken  action  by  which  this  step  was 
made  possible.  In  the  same  year  Dr.  Philip  Phelps  became  the  first  Presi- 
dent of  Hope  College. 

As  a  mark  of  further  growth  during  the  next  five  years,  four  new  pro- 
fessors were  appointed,  namely.  Prof.  C.  Doesburg.  Prof.  Wm.  A.  Shields, 
Prof.  G.  J.  Kollen  and  Rev.  P.  Moerdyk. 

Character  and  Object  of  the  College. 

At  this  point  it  is  well  to  call  attention  to  the  character  and  purpose  of 
the  institution,  for  at  least  two  reasons.  First,  because  it  has  played  so 
large  a  part  in  the  development  of  the  college.  Secondly,  because  it  is  so 
vital  to  its  continued  strength  and  influence. 

What  this  is,  can  be  partly  gathered  from  the  constitution  itself.  That 
tells  us  "the  character  and  object  of  the  College  and  of  the  corporation 
are  to  provide  the  usual  literary  and  scientific  course  of  study,  in  connec- 
tion with  sound  evangelical  religious  instruction,  according  to  the  stand- 
ards of  the  Reformed  Church,  as  based  on  the  Holy  Scripture."  As  a 
general  statement  that  is  perfectly  correct.  But  besides  that,  the  more 
specific  object  which  the  pioneers  had  in  mind  was  to  train  men  for 
leadership  in  the  church,  especially  the  ministry  of  the  Gospel.  They 
wanted  a  college  for  the  purpose  of  training  men  for  the  ministry  in  the 
Reformed  Church. 

This  is  evident  from  the  report  of  General  Synod's  special  committee  in 
1879.  Speaking  of  the  views  prevailing  in  the  West  as  to  relation  between 
the  College  and  theological  instruction  it  says,  "To  them  the  matter  of 
Theology  is  the  Signum  collegii  stantes  vel  cadentis."  To  this  may  be  added 
the  testimony  of  Rev.  David  Cole,  Synod's  agent  in  the  Council  of  Hope 
College  in  the  same  year.  Speaking  of  the  value  of  Hope  College  to  the 
church  he  says,  "It  is  itself  a  foundation  for  Theology  at  the  West,  and 
this  was  the  whole  object  for  which  the  college  was  founded.  .  .  .  The 
almost  unanimous  and  deeply  earnest  desire  of  the  Hollanders  is  for 
Theology.  The  whole  colony  had  theological  training  for  their  young  men 
before  them  as  their  supreme  object  in  founding  Hope  College."  And  to 
that  same  effect  was  the  committee's  report  to  General  Synod  in  1883  on 
the  question  of  establishing  Theology  at  Hope  College,  when  it  said,  "But 
the  Hollanders  have  no  sympathy  with  a  merely  literary  institution.    They 


HISTORY    OF    HOPE    COLLEGE  I5I 

will  not  support  it.  They  say  so,  and  reiterate  it  in  their  various  com- 
munications to  General  Synod.  It  is  a  Theological  School  they  principally 
want."  And  Hope  College  will  therefore  remain  true  to  the  ideals  of  the 
founders,  in  proportion  that  it  continues  to  keep  that  great  object  before  it. 

Critical  Period. 

We  now  enter  upon  the  most  critical  period  in  the  history  of  the  institu- 
tion. It  seems  the  financial  resources  had  not  kept  pace  with  the  expansion 
of  the  institution.  The  result  was  a  constantly  growing  indebtedness, 
amounting  to  nearly  $30,000  at  this  time,  threatening  the  very  existence 
of  the  institution.  We  need  not  dwell  upon  the  probable  reasons  for  this 
state  of  aflfairs. 

Accordingly  heroic  measures  must  be  taken  to  save  the  institution. 
And  these  did  not  fail.  President  Phelps  resigned  in  1878  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Rev.  G.  H.  Mandeville  of  New  York  as  provisional  president 
and  financial  agent.  As  Dr.  Mandeville  did  not  reside  in  Holland  the 
management  of  the  College  was  put  in  charge  of  vice  president  Scott. 
A  committee  appointed  by  General  Synod  at  its  regular  session  in  June 
1878  made  a  thorough  investigation,  drew  up  a  new  constitution  and  also 
outlined  a  clearly  defined  plan  for  the  future  of  the  College. 

In  the  meantime  Dr.  Mandeville,  first  as  president  and  in  1881  as 
head  of  a  special  committee  appointed  by  General  Synod  of  that  year  to 
liquidate  the  debt,  succeeded  in  raising  enough  money  so  as  to  practically 
realize  that  object.  In  addition  to  that  a  generous  gift  of  $10,000  for 
endowment  was  received,  enabling  the  institution  to  function  more  freely. 

Progress, 

From  this  time  on  things  moved  forward  more  successfully.  The  very 
next  year  the  report  of  the  Council  sounds  more  hopeful.  It  was  also 
resolved  to  instruct  the  council  to  elect  a  permanent  president.  As  such 
Dr.  Scott  was  elected. 

The  report  of  1884  to  Synod  calls  for  needs  involving  the  sum  of 
$100,000.  In  response  to  this  it  was  resolved  to  collect  the  money  for  the 
endowment  of  the  presidency. 

During  the  sessions  of  General  Synod  in  1884,  meeting  in  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.,  the  sum  of  $3,100  was  raised  for  a  home  for  the  president  which 
was  later  supplemented  by  a  gift  from  the  Women's  Executive  Committee. 

As  further  marks  of  progress  it  may  be  stated  that  the  first  number  of 
the  College  Anchor,  was  issued  in  1887;  a  lady  principal,  in  the  person  of 
Mrs.  C.  Van  Raalte  Gilmore,  was  also  elected. 

This  same  year  General  Synod  adopted  a  strong  resolution  in  favor 
of  employing  a  financial  agent  to  raise  $50,000  to  secure  the  stability  of  the 
College.  The  next  year  Rev.  J.  F.  Zwemer  was  appointed  to  secure  not 
only  the  above  sum  but  in  addition  $30,000  for  the  Western  Theological 
Seminary  and  $20,000  for  the  North  Western  Classical  Academy. 

While  these  evidences  of  progress  were  manifesting  themselves,  there  was 


152  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

nevertheless  a  constant  struggle  to  keep  the  wolf  from  the  door,  not  even 
to  speak  of  advancing.  No  wonder  the  Council's  report  in  1891  gives 
utterance  to  the  wish  "That  a  man  or  woman  of  God,  with  silver  wand 
might  touch  our  beautiful  campus  and  give  us  the  nucleus  of  adequate 
buildings,  fit  for  our  growing  needs !" 

This  hope  began  to  be  fulfilled  in  1892  when  Elder  N.  M.  Graves  and 
Mrs.  Garrett  E.  Wainants  each  donated  $10,000  for  an  adequate  library 
and  chapel.  At  the  same  time  the  financial  agent  Rev.  J.  F.  Zwemer  re- 
ported subscriptions  to  the  amount  of  $50,000. 

The  greatest  period  of  prosperity  however,  was  yet  to  come.  In  1893 
Prof.  G.  J.  Kollen  was  elected  President  of  Hope  College,  introducing  a 
period  of  marked  growth  along  almost  every  line.  A  few  figures  will 
illustrate  this.  The  number  of  students  increased  from  211  to  370.  The 
faculty  was  almost  doubled  in  number.  Four  splendid  buildings  were 
erected.     The  endowment  was  increased  to  $333,571.45. 

The  church,  however,  did  not  yet  fully  realize  the  rapidly  growing  needs 
of  this  virile  institution.  The  result  was  a  constantly  growing  indebtedness, 
reaching  the  sum  of  nearly  $25,000  in  191 1. 

When  Dr.  Kollen  resigned  the  presidency  in  that  year,  Dr.  A.  Venema 
was  elected  to  succeed  hirli.  From  that  time  earnest  and  successful  efiforts 
have  been  made  to  reduce  the  debt  as  well  as  to  increase  the  endowment. 

In  1914  for  the  first  time  in  several  years  no  deficit  was  reported  in  the 
contingent  fund  while  $2,600  reduction  was  made  on  the  debt.  The  next 
year  it  was  reduced  by  $5,540.51.  And  although  this  hopeful  condition 
did  not  continue  due  to  conditions  brought  on  by  the  world  war,  the 
college  has  continued  to  grow,  until  under  the  present  leadership  of  Presi- 
dent E.  D.  Dimnent,  it  is  stronger  than  ever.  The  number  of  students 
to-day  is  larger  than  ever  before,  the  graduating  class  of  the  present  year 
1921  alone  numbering  fifty-one.  Financial  support,  due  to  the  energetic 
work  of  Prof.  A.  Raap  as  financial  agent  is  constantly  increasing.  There 
is  also  a  constantly  growing  interest  being  manifested  in  the  institution 
on  the  part  of  both  alumni  and  the  constituency  which  it  more  directly 
serves. 

The  Fruits. 

What  have  been  some  of  the  fruits  which  this  planting  of  the  fathers 
has  produced?  Has  it  payed  the  toil  and  consecration  of  time  and  money 
which  godly  men  and  women  put  into  it  ? 

A  bare  recital  of  a  few  facts  will  give  a  sufficient  answer  for  the  present 
purpose.  Thus  instead  of  an  undeveloped  campus  of  five  acres  we  have  one 
of  sixteen  acres,  beautifully  shaded,  with  tennis  courts  and  baseball  field 
for  recreation.  Instead  of  one  small  building  there  are  now  ten,  most  of 
them  well  adapted  to  their  purpose.  Instead  of  no  library,  there  is  a  library 
of  some  23,000  volumes,  many  rare  and  of  great  value.  There  is  also  the 
beginning  of  a  fine  museum.  And  instead  of  no  endowment  there  is  an 
endowment  of  considerable  over  half  a  million  dollars,  which,  though  by 
no  means  sufficient  to  meet  present  need,  at  least  shows  splendid  growth. 


HISTORY    OF    HOPE    COLLEGE  1 53 

In  intellectual  results  Hope  College  is  the  peer  of  any  similar  institution 
in  the  land.  Thus  several  graduates  have  passed  qualifying  examinations 
for  the  Rhodes  scholarship.  Fellowships  and  scholarships  in  dififerent 
universities  of  the  land  are  being  annually  received  by  men  and  women  of 
Hope.  In  oratory  and  debate  the  institution  has  been  especially  strong  in 
recent  years.  Under  the  efficient  training  of  Prof.  J.  B.  Nykerk,  the  veteran 
teacher  in  the  College,  repeated  victories  have  come  to  Hope  for  a  number 
of  years. 

As  to  religious  fruitage  the  faith  of  the  fathers  has  been  most  richly 
rewarded.  The  moral  and  religious  standards  of  the  men  and  women  of 
Hope  have  always  been  high.  This  was  partly  due  to  the  Christian  charac- 
ter of  the  homes  from  which  most,  if  not  all,  of  them  have  come. 

But  it  was  also  due  in  part  to  the  wholesome  Christian  atmosphere 
which  the  college  has  always  sought  to  maintain,  by  means  of  the  daily 
religious  exercises,  the  personal  ideals  and  influence  of  the  faculty,  the 
various  religious  organizations,  such  as  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  the 
several  mission  and  Bible  study  classes,  the  several  Sunday  schools  in  the 
vicinity  of  Holland  with  a  staff  of  some  thirty  teachers ;  the  student 
volunteer  band  with  a  present  enrollment  of  over  forty.  All  of  these 
factors  have  entered  into  creating  both  a  healthy  religious  atmosphere  and 
a  high  moral  standard.  "In  statistics  gathered  some  years  ago  on  the 
religious  conditions  of  sixty-one  colleges  and  universities,  Hope  ranks 
among  the  very  highest  in  percentage  of  professing  Christians,  conversions, 
voluntary  study  classes  and  in  contributions  to  missions." 

Such  being  the  case  we  are  not  surprised  to  learn  that  of  the  814  gradu- 
ates of  the  College  to  date,  exclusive  of  those  who  have  graduated  from 
the  preparatory  school,  236  are  now  active  in  the  ministry  of  the  Gospel 
at  home,  while  56  are  engaged  in  missionary  work  in  other  lands.  Be- 
sides these,  over  one  hundred  are  engaged  in  educational  work  of  one 
kind  or  another,  thus  also  directly  moulding  the  lives  of  men  and  women 
toward  Christian  ideals. 

Such  in  brief  is  the  story  of  this  institution,  planted  by  the  faith  and 
watered  with  the  prayers  of  the  fathers.  Who  can  begin  to  measure  the 
influence  for  good  of  such  a  work  throughout  70  years? 

The  little  rivulet  begun  in  the  virgin  forests  of  Western  Michigan  in 
1850  has  become  a  mighty  stream  carrying  upon  its  bosom  forces  so  potent 
for  good  that  only  eternity  will  be  able  sufficiently  to  show  the  results 
in  the  growth  and  the  establishment  of  the  Kingdom  of  God. 


CHAPTER  XXII. 
HISTORY  OF  THE  WESTERN  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY. 

BY  REV.  S.  C.  NETTINGA,  D.D.,  PROF.  OF  HISTORICAL  THEOLOGY  IN  THE  W.T.S.,  R.C.A. 

One  reads  the  story  of  this  second  seminary  of  the  Reformed  Church 
with  mingled  feelings  of  sadness  and  admiration.  Sadness,  because  of  the 
slowness  with  which  the  Reformed  Church  saw  the  vision  and  heeded  the 
call  for  a  theological  institution  in  the  West,  as  an  indispensable  condition 
for  the  growth  of  the  Church  in  these  regions.  Admiration,  for  the  men 
who  saw  the  vision  and  had  the  courage  to  undertake  the  task.  And  it  only 
verifies  anew  the  lesson  which  lies  upon  the  very  surface  of  church  his- 
tory, that  if  men  only  have  faith  in  God's  cause  and  grace  to  persevere  they 
are  bound  to  succeed. 

A  brief  survey  of  the  history  of  the  Institution  will  abundantly  testify 
to  this  fact. 

Its  Beginning. 

The  inception  of  theological  instruction  must  be  sought  in  the  petition 
of  seven  members  of  the  Senior  Class  of  Hope  College  in  1866,  requesting 
General  Synod  to  take  such  measures  as  would  enable  them  to  pursue  their 
theological  studies  in  the  present  institution.  Not  that  this  was  the  first 
time  this  m.atter  had  been  before  Synod ;  on  the  contrary,  it  was  "an  old 
and  cherished  sentiment  of  the  Dutch  Church."  As  early  as  1847,  the 
year  of  the  Holland  immigration,  we  read  in  the  Report  on  the  State  of  the 
Church,  Min.  Gen.  Synod,  Vol.  7,  "Let  an  Institution  of  high  order  for 
classical  and  theological  instruction,  under  our  patronage  as  long  as  neces- 
sary and  at  first  under  our  control  also,  be  established  somewhere  in  the 
West." 

The  petition  of  these  seven  students  simply  revived  this  old  sentiment. 
Accordingly  we  are  not  surprised  that  the  Synod  resolved :  "That  the  sub- 
ject be  referred  to  the  Board  of  Education  and  the  Council  of  Hope 
College  with  instruction,  that  leave  be  granted  these  students  to  pursue 
their  theological  studies  at  Hope  College,  provided  that  no  measures  shall 
be  instituted  by  which  additional  expense  shall  be  thrown  upon  Synod, 
or  the  Board  of  Education  at  this  time." 

And,  we  are  still  less  surprised  when  it  is  remembered,  that  this  was  the 
ideal  which  the  Holland  immigrant  had  held  before  them,  from  the  be- 
ginning, in  the  founding  of  the  Holland  Academy. 

In  their  minds  education  was  inseparable  from  religion,  and  a  College 


HISTORY    OF   THE    WESTERN    THEOLOGICAL    SEMINARY  I55 

without  theology  was  incomplete.  They  were  not  interested  in  a  purely 
classical  or  literary  institution  for  its  own  sake.  What  they  wanted  was 
a  school  tor  the  education  of  their  ministers  to  lead  their  churches.  It  was 
with  this  end  in  view  that  the  Holland  churches  in  the  West  subscribed 
$20,000  for  an  Endowment  for  Hope  College,  and  with  such  a  spirit  of 
sacrifice  that  some  even  "denied  themselves  the  comforts  of  life." 

Besides,  the  exigencies  of  the  case  demanded  it.  The  work  of  church 
extension  in  the  West  was  moving  rapidly  forward.  The  great  difficulty 
was  how  to  supply  pastors  to  lead  the  new  churches  ;  many  were  without 
pastors,  others  could  have  been  organized  if  there  had  been  men  to 
shepherd  the  fields. 

The  next  year  the  Committee  appointed  to  examine  the  whole  field  and 
report  to  the  Synod  declared  :  "Your  Committee  beg  leave  to  say  most 
emphatically,  that  in  their  judgment  it  would  be  disastrous  to  our  existing 
educational  institutions  and  to  our  churches  in  the  West  and  also  to  our 
Domestic  Missionary  operations  there  to  withdraw  from  Hope  College  at 
the  present  time  the  privilege  of  theological  instruction.  We  believe  the 
future  will  demonstrate  that  the  action  of  the  last  General  Synod  was  both 
wise  and  timely,  and  that  no  backward  step  should  be  taken." 

These  were  strong  words.  Would  that  the  whole  Church  had  seen  it 
as  clearly  at  the  time,  and  given  the  resolutions  subsequently  adopted  their 
whole  hearted  support  during  the  dceade  that  followed.  How  many 
heart-burnings  might  have  been  spared,  and  how  different  the  history  of 
the  western  part  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  might  have  been. 

The  result  of  this  Committee's  report  was  the  continuance  of  theological 
instruction  and  the  election  of  the  Rev.  Cornelius  E.  Crispell,  D.D.,  as 
Professor  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology.  Synod  also  invited  the  other 
professors  of  the  College  to  act,  "as  Lectors  as  they  had  done  during  the 
year  before."  Provision  was  also  made  for  the  government  of  this  De- 
partment of  Theology  by  dividing  the  Board  of  Superintendents  of  New 
Brunswick  Seminary  into  two  branches;  one  for  the  Eastern  Particular 
Synod,  and  the  other  for  the  Western  Particular  Synod ;  the  latter  com- 
posed of  representatives  from  the  Western  Classes  and  charged  with  the 
ordinary  functions  of  such  a  Board.  Whatever  one  may  think  of  this 
arrangement  it  is  evident  that  favorable  action  on  the  part  of  Synod  was 
not  lacking. 

Difficulties. 

The  work  however,  so  auspiciously  begun  in  1866  and,  so  enthusiastically 
continued  in  1867,  soon  met  difficulties.  For  the  very  next  year  it  seems 
a  new  plan  was  proposed.  There  were  two  parties  in  the  West,  diflfering 
as  to  the  relation  of  theological  instruction  to  Hope  College.  One  desiring 
it  to  be  a  department  of  the  College,  and  have  the  College  itself  trans- 
formed into  a  University,  the  name  proposed  was  "Hope  Haven  Uni- 
versity ;"  the  other  party  desired  that  theological  instruction  should  remain 
separate  and  independent  of  the  College. 

The  disposition  of  this  new  question  was  postponed  till  the  next  year. 


156  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

The  outcome  of  the  whole  discussion  was  that  Synod  definitely  defined 
the  status  of  things,  by  denying  the  university  scheme  as  premature ;  by 
constituting  the  Council  of  Hope  College,  the  Board  of  Superintendents 
of  the  Western  Theological  School,  with  duties  and  prerogatives  like  those 
of  the  Board  of  Superintendents  of  the  New  Brunswick  Seminary ;  by 
electing  two  additional  Professors,  viz.,  Dr.  Philip  Phelps  and  Albertus 
C.  Van  Raalte ;  by  instructing  the  Council  of  Hope  College  to  complete  the 
organization  of  the  Theological  Department  at  the  College,  such  department 
to  be  known  as  the  Western  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Synod,  and  by 
recognizing  the  Faculty  of  Hope  College,  exclusive  of  the  members  not 
acting  as  theological  Professors  and  Lectors,  as  the  Faculty  of  the  The- 
ological School. 

This  arrangement  continued  until  theological  instruction  was  sus- 
pended in  1877.  But  whilst  such  action  and  several  strong  resolutions 
were  adopted  to  promote  the  welfare  and  success  of  the  institution,  these 
hopes  were  not  realized.  Not  only  did  the  number  of  students  fail  to  in- 
crease, but  the  churches  also  failed  to  support  the  institution  financially 
as  they  should  have  done  to  insure  success.  The  result  was  a  gradually 
increasing  indebtedness,  which  threatened  to  close  up  the  whole  institution. 
The  signs  of  it  were  already  apparent  in  1873.  The  report  of  that  year 
on  the  Professorate  reads :  "Help  must  come  at  once,  or  the  College  doors 
must  be  closed." 

Another  matter  that  seems  to  have  caused  embarrassment  and  to  have 
retarded  the  growth  of  the  institutions  was  the  unsatisfactory  position  of 
the  theological  professors,  acting  at  the  same  time,  as  both  College  and 
theological  professors. 

And,  what  must  we  think  of  a  Synod,  electing  men  to  the  office  of 
theological  teachers  and  thereby  binding  itself  to  become  responsible  for 
their  support,  and  then  utterly  failing  to  do  so?  Yet  such  was  the  case.  In 
1875  Professors  Scott  and  Beck  were  chosen  lectors  at  salaries  definitely 
stipulated.  The  very  next  year  Professor  Beck  reported  his  acceptance 
of  the  appointment  provided  :  "That  relieved  from  anxiety,  he  may  rely 
on  the  assurance  that  such  salary  shall  be  promptly  paid;  while  Professors 
Crispell  and  Scott  were  compelled  to  inform  Synod  that  the  Church 
owed  them  $2,700  in  salary,  and  to  ask  "cannot  Synod  adopt  some  means 
to  secure  the  payment  of  the  salaries  it  has  fixed  for  us."  The  proper 
resolutions  were  again  adopted  relative  to  this  painful  situation,  but  little  or 
nothing  came  of  it. 

Hence  we  are  not  surprised  at  the  action  of  the  Synod  the  following 
year:  "That  in  view  of  the  present  embarrassed  condition  of  the  finances 
of  the  College,  the  Council  be  directed  for  the  present  to  suspend  the 
theological  department."  Thus  the  "shortsighted  party  in  the  East"  and 
the  "reactionary  party"  at  the  West  both  of  which  deemed  the  eastern 
seminary  sufficient,  seemingly  had  their  way.  What  the  consequences, 
however,  of  that  decision  have  been  upon  the  western  section  of  the 
Church,  in  the  light  of  events  that  followed  within  the  next  seven  years, 
can  only  be  surmised. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    WESTERN    THEOLOGICAL    SEMINARY  1 57 

One  thing  at  least  is  certain  that  it  shook  the  western  part  of  the  church, 
•especially  the  Dutch  section  of  it,  to  its  foundation.  It  was  also  wholly 
•contrary  to  its  desire  as  is  evident  from  the  memorials  that  went  to  Synod 
the  very  next  year  from  the  Classes  of  Holland,  Grand  River  and  Wis- 
consin as  also  from  the  Council  of  Hope  College,  petitioning  the  General 
Synod  to  repeal  the  action  of  the  former  Synod  in  suspending  theology. 

The  Synod,  however,  did  not  see  its  way  clear  to  do  so,  because  of  ex- 
isting conditions.  Instead,  it  appointed  a  committee  to  investigate  the 
•entire  situation  and  report  to  Synod  the  following  year.  The  result  was. 
Synod  resolved:  "That  in  the  judgment  of  this  Synod,  until  the  College 
shall  be  put  upon  a  secure  and  satisfactory  basis,  the  question  of  the 
restoration  of  theology  should  be  kept  in  abeyance ;  but  as  soon  as  the 
College  has  been  placed  upon  such  a  basis  then  the  eflfort  should  be  earnest- 
ly made  to  place  theology  upon  a  similar  foundation." 

The  Restor.-vtion  of  Theology. 

It  was  not  until  1883  that  action  toward  the  restoration  of  theological 
instruction  was  taken,  when  the  Rev.  Artemus  Ward,  a  member  of  the 
Synod  of  that  year  offered  a  resolution  which  read :  "That  the  General 
Synod  appoint  a  special  committee  to  report  at  this  session  as  to  the 
advisability  of  organizing  a  department  of  theological  instruction  at  the 
West  at  an  early  date."  This  was  done,  the  Committee  reporting  favorable. 
The  reasons  given  were  threefold. 

First,  it  was  what  the  constituency  of  Hope  College  evidently  wanted 
refusing  to  support  an  institution  that  did  not  contemplate  theological 
instruction. 

Second,  the  necessity  of  providing  ministers  for  the  Western  churches 
and  for  denominational  expansion.  The  committee  pointed  out  the  fact 
that  many  of  the  Western  men  sought  preparation  for  the  ministry  in  other 
denominational  schools. 

Third,  the  crisis  through  which  the  Western  church  were  passing,  due  to 
the  antimasonic  agitation,  whereby  the  restoration  of  theological  instruc- 
tion became  a  question  of  life  and  death  to  the  West. 

Wherefore,  it  was  resolved,  "That  theological  instruction  at  Hope  College 
be  resumed  in  the  autumn  of  1884,  provided  the  churches  belonging  to  the 
Particular  Synod  of  Chicago  obtain  funds,  which  when  added  to  the  sum 
now  under  the  care  of  the  Board  of  Direction  for  that  purpose,  will  fully 
■endow  the  Professorship  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology." 

The  next  year  the  General  Synod  met  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  and, 
though  the  conditions  had  not  been  fully  met,  enough  had  been  done  to 
warrant  the  Synod  to  proceed  to  the  election  of  a  Professor  of  Didactic 
and  Polemic  Theology,  who  was  "not  to  begin  his  work  till  the  sum  of 
$30,000  were  in  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer  of  the  Synod." 

As  such  the  Rev.  N.  M.  Steffens,  D.D.,  was  elected.  In  December  of  that 
year  the  conditions  upon  which  he  was  elected  having  been  complied  with, 
Prof.  Dr.  Steffens  was  inaugurated  and  the  school  of  theology  was  re- 
•opened  with  five  students,  one  in  the  Middle  and  four  in  the  Junior  Class. 


158  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

The  Council  of  Hope  College  acting  as  a  Board  of  Superintendents  also- 
elected  the  Revs.  Peter  Moerdyke  and  Henry  E.  Dosker  as  temporary 
Lectors,  the  former  to  teach  Greek  Exegesis,  the  latter  the  historical 
branches. 

Forward  Steps. 

From  this  time  on  there  was  slow  but  steady  progress.  A  brief  recital 
of  the  facts  will  verify  this  assertion.  The  very  next  year  after  the  re- 
storation of  theology  the  relation  of  the  theological  instruction  to  the 
College,  which  had  caused  so  much  friction  in  the  past,  was  definitely 
settled  by  making  the  Seminary  a  separate  institution,  independent  of  the 
College,  with  its  own  governing  Board,  its  own  constituent  Faculty  and  its 
own  curriculum. 

It  was  also  resolved,  that  the  old  title,  The  Theological  Department  of 
Hope  College,  be  changed  to  the  now  familiar  name,  The  Western  The- 
ological Seminary  of  the  R.  C.  A.,  though  it  was  for  some  time,  owing  to 
former  relations,  known  as  "Hope  Seminary."  The  only  remnant  of  the 
former  relationship  remaining  is  the  ex-ofificio  membership  of  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  College  in  the  Seminary  Board  and  the  reprint  of  the  Seminary 
Catalog  in  that  of  Hope  College.  The  same  year  the  Board  requested  the 
General  Synod  to  establish  a  second  Professorship,  to  be  known  as  the 
Professorship  of  Biblical  Languages  and  Literature.  This  request  was 
granted,  on  condition  that  the  Professor  elected  be  not  inaugurated  until 
suitable  provision  should  have  been  made  for  his  support.  Rev.  Daniel 
Van  Pelt,  was  elected.  He  however  declined,  whereupon  the  Lectors  of 
the  previous  year  were  re-engaged. 

In  1886  Rev.  Henry  E.  Dosker  was  elected  Lector,  with  the  understand- 
ing that  he  resign  his  pastorate  and  devote  all  his  time  to  teaching.  This 
arrangement  continued  for  two  years  when  the  Synod  "realizing  that  the 
appointment  of  a  Lector  from  year  to  year,  is  attended  with  serious  dis- 
advantages and  cannot  give  such  permanency  as  is  desirable  to  the  position 
or  to  instruction."  recommended,  "that  the  Synod  proceed  to  the  election' 
of  a  Professor  of  Biblical  Language  and  Exegesis  in  the  Western  Theologi- 
cal Seminary  at  Holland."  The  result  was  that  Rev.  John  W.  Beardslee  of 
Troy,  N.  Y.  was  elected,  but  who  was  not  to  be  installed  until  the  sum  of 
$30,000  had  been  secured  for  his  support.  This  was  finally  accomplished 
by  Synod's  agent  Rev.  Jas.  F.  Zwemer  in  1893,  after  Dr.  Beardslee  had 
taught  for  nearly  five  years.  For  tho  the  Board  had  requested  Synod  in 
1892  to  make  arrangements  for  his  installation.  Synod  refused  to  accede  to 
it  except  upon  compliance  with  the  monetary  conditions  of  1888.  This 
condition  having  been  practically  fulfiled  in  1893  thru  the  untiring  efforts 
of  Rev.  J.  F.  Zwemer  as  financial  Agent  the  Synod  sanctioned  his  immediate 
installation. 

In  view  of  the  increasing  number  of  students  and  the  large  variety  of 
subjects  to  be  taught  by  the  two  professors,  the  appointment  of  a  Lector 
was  also  proposed  in  this  same  year.This,  however,  was  not  carried  out  until 
the  following  year,  when  the  Board  instead  of  appointing  a  Lector  "resolved. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    WESTERN    THEOLOGICAL    SEMINARY  I59 

that,  waiving  the  right  granted  by  Synod  to  appoint  a  Lector  we  urgently 
request  the  Synod  to  elect  a  Professor  of  Historical  Theology,  the  Synod 
not  to  become  responsible  for  his  salary  until  the  Endowment  of  $30,000 
shall  have  been  secured."  And  further,  that  such  Professors  shall  not 
enter  upon  his  duties  until  his  salary  in  the  amount  of  $1,200  annually  has 
been  secured  by  reliable  pledges  for  the  period  of  five  years. 

In  securing  these  annual  pledges  Mr.  Zwemer  laid  the  foundation  for 
the  Salary  Fund  or  Syndicate,  which  has  ever  since  supplemented  the 
deficiency  of  sufficient  Endowment  Income. 

The  Synod  granting  this  request  Rev.  Henry  E.  Dosker,  who  had  already 
served  as  Lector  but  had  been  discharged  upon  the  election  of  Dr.  Beards- 
lee,  was  now  duly  elected  to  the  Chair  of  Historical  Theology.  But,  in 
stead  of  postponing  the  installations  as  had  been  done  in  the  case  of 
Dr.  Beardslee  immediate  provision  for  his  installation  into  office  was  made. 

The  next  forward  step  of  importance  was  the  building  of  Semelink 
Family  Hall  in  1895.  This  was  made  possible  by  the  generosity  of  Mr. 
Peter  Semelink  of  the  Vriesland  Michigan  Reformed  Church.  It  is  a 
commodious  building  having  five  lecture  rooms  and  a  large  chapel.  Some 
years  afterwards  Mr.  Semelink  donated  an  additional  sum  of  $3000  for  its 
permanent  maintenance. 

Another  step  in  advance  was  made  in  1904,  when  the  fourth  Chair,  that 
of  Practical.  Theology  was  established,  and  its  occupant  was  to  be  elected 
as  soon  as  the  endowment  of  the  Third  Chair  was  completed  and  funds 
were  available  for  his  support.  This  was  realized  in  1907,  when  Synod's 
agent  reported  the  fulfillmeiTt  of  these  conditions,  whereupon  the  Synod 
proceeded  to  elect  a  fourth  Professor  and  the  choice  fell  upon  Rev.  Jas.  F. 
Zwemer,  D.D.,  who  was  duly  installed  in  the  Fall  of  the  same  year. 

The  Western  Theological  Seminary  now  had  four  active  Professorships, 
not  large,  perhaps,  as  compared  with  many  other  Seminaries  of  the  land, 
but  at  least  large  when  compare  with  the  humble  beginnings  of  1884,  and 
still  more  with  that  of  1866.  At  the  same  time  the  institution  was  gradually 
winning  its  way  into  the  hearts  of  the  western  part  of  the  Church.  This 
was  due  to  Dr.  Zwemer's  house  to  house  campaign  carried  on  for  so  many 
years,  assisted  by  the  loyalty  of  the  several  pastors. 

But  a  healthy  institution  has  constantly  increasing  needs.  So  we  are 
not  surprised  at  efforts  being  made  of  providing  funds  for  a  Dormitory 
or  Divinity  Hall.  Initiative  efforts  to  secure  pledges  from  the  various 
pastors  thru  correspondendence,  conducted  by  the  students  under  the 
guidance  of  the  Professor  of  Practical  Theology  met  with  promising  suc- 
cess. Meanwhile,  the  gift  of  a  valuable  piece  of  property  had  been  secured, 
thru  the  good  office  of  Rev.  R.  H.  Joldersma  of  the  first  church  of  Roches- 
ter, N.  Y.,  the  sale  of  which  gave  a  $7000  start  to  the  undertaking.  The 
permanent  committee  on  the  Finances  accordingly  let  the  contract  for  this 
building,  as,  also  a  Central  Heating  plant,  costing  together  the  sum  of 
$27,000.  Prof.  Zwemer  having  engaged  to  raise  the  entire  amount  needed, 
the  erection  of  this  much  needed  Dormitory  was  begun  under  the  super- 
vision   of    the    IJuilding    Committee    composed    of    Messrs.    Profs.    Kolyn, 


l6o  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Zwemer  and  Elder  Teunis  Prins  of   Holland,  and  by  the  opening  of   the 
school  in  the  Fall  of  1913  this  student  Home  was  ready  for  occupancy. 

In  the  meantime  other  important  forward  steps  were  taken,  Prof.; 
Beardslee  surprised  the  Board  of  Superintendents  on  May  12th  1912  with 
the  announcement  of  his  desire  to  donate  monies  for  the  erection  of  a 
Library  Building  as  a  record  of  his  love  for  the  Seminary  and  as  an 
expression  of  his  desire  to  continue  his  services  to  the  church  after  he 
should  cease  to  be  personally  connected  with  it.  At  the  same  time  he 
expressed  the  hope  that  it  might  be  completed  before  their  next  annual 
meeting  in  May.  The  result  was  that  the  Beardslee  Memorial  Library  was 
dedicated  with  appropriate  ceremonies  on  May  14,1913,  giving  the  Seminary 
a  splendidly  equipped  building  for  its  work.  At  the  same  time  the  Central 
Heating  and  Lighting  plant  had  been  erected  whereby  all  the  buildings  on 
the  Seminary  Campus  are  now  heated  and  lighted,  reducing  the  cost  of 
maintenance  as  also  lessening  the  danger  of  fires. 

The  Seminary  now  had  three  endowned  chairs,  each  in  the  sum  of 
$30,000  while  the  support  of  the  fourth  chair  having  an  endowment  of 
$10,000  derived  its  supplementary  support  from  the  so-called  Salary 
Fund  consisting  of  annual  contributions  by  the  churches.  As  the  above 
endowments  were  no  longer  adequate  to  meet  the  increased  salaries  the 
Board  at  its  annual  meeting  in  1915  resolved  to  increase  the  endowments 
of  each  chair  to  $40,000.  Through  the  energetic  work  of  Dr.  Zwemer  as 
Professor  Emertius  this  was  completed  within  a  year. 

The  next  year  another  forward  step  was  taken.  As  early  as  1916  Synod 
had  already  established  a  Fifth  professorship,  by  dividing  that  of  Biblical 
languages  and  Exegesis  into  the  Professorship  of  Old  Testament  Language 
and  Literature  and  the  Professorship  of  New  Testament  Language  and 
Literature.  Due  to  the  lack  of  income  however,  this  chair  was  not  filled 
until  1920.  During  the  latter  part  of  1919  the  senior  Emeritus  Prof.  John 
W.  Beardslee  offered  to  donate  $5000  for  the  endowment  of  said  Chair, 
if  the  churches  would  raise  the  remaining  $35,000  by  the  time  the  Board 
met  in  May  of  the  year  1920.  The  committee  in  charge  of  the  finances  of 
the  Seminary  accepted  the  offer  with  the  result  that  once  more  thru  the 
efforts  of  Dr.  Zwemer  the  necessary  sum  was  secured  by  the  appointed  time. 
However,  the  income  of  these  endowments  does  not  begin  to  meet  the 
present  salary  Budget  but  the  deficit  is  annually  met  by  the  proceeds  of 
the  Salary  Fund  Syndicate,  the  income  of  which  during  the  current  year 
was  equal  to  the  interest  at  five  percent  on  an  endowment  of  $110,000. 

Besides  these  marks  of  growth,  others  have  followed  as  a  matter  of 
course.  Thus  the  library,  the  foundation  of  which  was  laid  by  several 
Eastern  ministers  in  the  early  90s  has  grown  from  year  to  year  through  the 
generosity  of  friends,  till  at  present  there  is  a  working  library  of  some 
12,000  volumes.  Then  too  the  curriculum  has  been  gradually  strengthened. 
A  B.  D.  course  has  been  successfully  begun  while  in  1920  Synod  granted 
the  Faculty  permission  to  make  provision  for  the  training  of  lay-workers 
thru  extension  courses. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    WESTERN    THEOLOGICAL    SEMIi\x\RY  l6l 

Change  in  Professorship. 

In  the  meantime  various  changes  have  occurred  in  the  personnel  of  the 
faculty.  In  1895  Dr.  N.  M.  Steffens  resigned,  which  resignation  was  accepted 
with  sincere  regret,  and  Rev.  Egbert  Winter  was  elected  in  his  place. 
In  1903  Dr.  Henry  E.  Dosker  having  accepted  a  call  to  the  Union  Semi- 
nary at  Louisville  Kentucky  handed  in  his  resignation  which  was  accepted 
"with  sincere  regret  and  high  appreciation  of  his  valuable  and  successful 
services  as  Professor."  Fortunately  for  the  School  Dr.  Steffens  was 
elected  to  fill  his  place  and  he  returned  to  the  Seminary.  In  the  same  year 
Dr.  Winter  after  eight  years  of  faithful  and  painstaking  service  was  com- 
pelled by  reason  of  increasing  deafness  to  resign  whereupon  Dr.  G.  H. 
Dubbink  was  elected  in  his  place.  Dr.  Dubbink  after  occuping  this  position 
with  great  credit  passed  away  on  July  19,  1910.  Whereupon  the  Board 
requested  Dr.  Steffens  to  take  charge  of  this  chair  until  the  Synod  should 
meet  the  following  year.  The  Synod  of  that  year  transferred  him  to  the 
chair  of  Didactic  Theology  in  which  he  continued  to  serve  with  great  accept- 
ability until  his  sudden  death  in  1912,  since  when  Dr.  E.  J.  Blekkink,  has 
occupied  this  chair.  When  Dr.  Steffens  was  transferred  to  his  former 
chair  of  Theology,  Dr.  Matthew  Kolyn  was  elected  to  the  Professorship 
of  Historical  Theology  and  continued  so  with  scholarly  ability  until  his 
death  May  13,1918.  At  a  special  meeting  of  the  Board  in  June  following. 
Rev.  S.  C.  Nettinga  of  Grand  Rapids  was  appointed  to  take  his  place  and 
he  was,  the  following  year  elected  by  the  Synod  as  Professor  of  Historical 
Theology. 

In  1913  Dr.  John  W.  BeaVdslee  for  reasons  of  age  and  health  resigned 
after  twenty-five  years  of  efficient  and  faithful  services  and  his  place 
was  filled  by  the  election  of  his  son,  Prof.  John  W.  Beardslee,  Jr.,  Ph.  D. 
However,  his  father  Dr.  Beardslee  continued  as  Emeritus  Professor  and 
President  of  the  Faculty  to  teach  as  his  strength  permitted. 

In  1914  Dr.  Zwemer  whose  health  had  become  seriously  impaired  by 
overwork  and  nervous  prostration  was  constrained  to  ask  for  a  year's 
release  from  the  class  room  work.  This  was  given,  but  after  that  period 
of  rest  his  slow  recovery  did  not  warrant  his  return  to  the  full  duties  of  his 
office,  and  so  after  nine  years  of  faithful  and  varied  service  of  the  School 
he  offered  his  resignation  as  active  Professor  and  was  upon  his  request 
declared  Emeritus  Professor  of  Practical  Theology  and  placed  in  charge 
of  the  finances  of  the  Seminary.  In  this  capacity  he  continued  to  serve 
with  self-sacrificing  devotion  and  success  until  his  death  in  1921.  It  is 
largely  through  his  more  than  wellnigh  thirty  years  of  continued  labor  in 
behalf  of  the  financial  needs  of  the  Seminary  that  the  institution  begins 
to  stand  today  upon  a  fairly  solid  financial  foundation. 

When  Dr.  Zwemer  resigned  Prof.  John  E.  Kuizenga,  D.D.,  of  Hope  Col- 
lege was  appointed  by  the  Board  acting  Professor  for  a  year  after  which  he 
was  elected  by  Synod  as  a  permanent  professor.  When  in  1917  Prof. 
Beardslee  Jr.  was  called  to  the  Seminary  at  New  Brunswick,  his  aged 
father  accompanied   him   whereby   practically  two    professorships   became 


l62  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

vacant.  The  Board  at  a  special  session  appointed  Rev.  Henry  Hospers, 
D.  D.,  of  Grand  Rapids  to  the  Chair  of  the  Old  Testament  Languages  and 
Literature  and  the  following  year  he  was  elected  a  full  professor. 

Finally,  when  the  endowment  of  the  Fifth  Chair  was  completed  in  1920 
the  Board  at  a  special  meeting  appointed  Prof.  J.  Vander  Meulen  of  Hope 
College  to  take  up  the  work.  After  a  year's  successful  work  he  was  per- 
manently elected  by  the  Synod  of  1921  to  the  Chair  of  New  Testament 
languages  and  literature. 

Such  in  brief  is  the  history  of  this  school  of  the  prophets.  Surely  in 
view  of  the  results  to  the  Reformed  Church  and  the  Kingdom  of  God  it 
has  abundantly  justified  its  existence.  In  the  half  century  of  its  life, 
including  the  seven  years  of  its  suspension,  259  men  have  gone  from  it  into 
the  ministry  of  the  Church  most  of  them  to  the  western  part  of  it.  The 
fruit  of  their  labors  of  love  and  their  devotion  is  seen  to  a  large  extent 
in  the  splendid  growth  of  that  section  of  the  church,  not  to  speak  of 
the  large  number  who  have  gone  into  the  foreign  service.  Moreover  in 
view  of  such  a  record  no  one  ought  ever  again  to  despise  the  day  of  small 
things,  confident  that  those  who  have  faith  in  the  cause  of  God  never  labor 
in  vain  in  the  Lord. 


CHAPTER  XXIII 
HISTORY  OF  CENTRAL  COLLEGE 

BY  REV.  S.  C.  NETTINGA,  D.D.,  PROF.  OF  HISTORICAL  THEOLOGY  IN  THE  W.T.S.,  R.C.A. 

Central  College,  located  at  Pella,  Iowa,  Marion  Co.  is  a  providential 
gift  to  the  Reformed  Church  in  America.  That  is  the  view  which  we  of 
the  present  day  ought  to  take  of  it,  and  which,  in  the  light  of  the  history 
of  our  educational  institutions,  will  be  taken  of  it  in  the  days  to  come.  For 
regardless  of  the  difficult  beginnings,  the  history  of  our  educational  institu- 
tions ought  to  be  convincing  evidence  that  where  there  is  faith  in  God  and 
in  the  reality  and  potency  of  things  spiritual,  there  can  be  no  failure  in 
this  newest  educational  enterprise  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America. 
And  to  have  refused  the  offer  as  it  came  would  have  evidenced  lack  of 
faith  in  God's  providential  guidance  of  His  Church  and  in  the  growing 
power  of  our  denominational  life. 

Its  Origin. 

The  circumstances  of  its  origin  so  far  as  the  Reformed  Church  is  con- 
cerned are  clearly  stated  in  the  resolution  of  its  Board  ofTrustees  adopted 
Nov.  30,  191 5.  It  was  then  resolved,  "That  all  grounds,  buildings  and 
equipment  now  owned  by  said  Central  College  University  of  Iowa,  to- 
gether with  said  name  of  said  institution,  be  transferred,  conveyed  and 
turned  over  to  the  Reformed  Church  in  America ;  or  its  agents  or  trustees 
and  without  material  monetary  consideration,  upon  the  condition  and  in 
consideration  that  the  said  Reformed  Church  in  America,  its  agents  or 
trustees  take  said  grounds,  buildings  and  equipment  and  build  up  and 
maintain  at  Pella,  Iowa,  an  accredited  Christian  College  under  the  laws  of 
the  state  of  Iowa.  Failure  of  said  Reformed  Church  in  America,  its 
agents  or  trustees  to  build  up  and  maintain  such  an  accredited  college  at 
Pella  shall  work  a  forfeiture  of  its  rights  and  claims  to  said  property  and 
equipment  and  the  same  shall  revert  to  the  Board  of  managers  of  the 
American  Baptists  Educational  Society  to  be  used  for  the  interests  of 
education  by  the  Iowa  Baptists  as  provided  by  the  original  donors  of  said 
property. 

The  reasons  for  this  unusual  action  were  twofold — first,  a  desire  of  the 
Board  of  Education  of  the  Northern  Baptist  Convention  to  consolidate 
their  educational  interests  in  the  State.  Secondly,  the  constituency  of  the 
Reformed  Church  being  large  in  the  community  is  apt  to  increase  if  the 
control  of  the  College  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Reformed  Church. 

163 


164  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

The  matter  was  brought  to  the  attention  of  General  Synod  by  the  Board 
of  Education  in  its  annual  report.  Also  by  an  Overture  from  the  Part- 
icular Synod  of  Chicago  urging  General  Synod  to  accept  the  offer.  Favor- 
able action  had  also  been  taken  by  the  Particular  Synod  of  New  Brunswick 
and  by  the  Classis  of  Greene.  Whereupon  General  Synod  at  its  regular 
meeting  in  June  1916  adopted  among  others,  the  two  following  important 
resolutions. 

I.  That  General  Synod  accepts  Central  University  of  Iowa  as  tendered 
by  its  Board  of  Trustees,  as  reconstituted  by  its  action  taken  June  6,  1916, 
as  the  agency  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  for  the  government  and 
control  of  the  said  College  during  the  ensuing  year"  and  2.  "That  as  a 
precedent  to  Central  College  being  fully  established  as  a  College  of  the 
Reformed  Church,  the  project  of  securing  at  least  $150,000  additional 
endowment  is  deemed  essential  to  the  permanent  efficiency  of  the  College, 
and  the  Board  of  Trustees  is  hereby  encouraged  to  complete  the  work  so 
happily  begun." 

It  was  also  resolved  that  the  Board  of  Trustees  and  the  Board  of  Educa- 
tion R.  C.  A.  work  out  a  plan  of  government  for  the  college  and  report 
to  General  Synod  in  1917. 

Thus  Central  College 'officially  became  a  Reformed  Church  institution. 
It  is  true,  a  condition  to  raise  the  endowment  to  $200,000  was  placed  upon 
the  trustees,  yet  this  above  action  became  practically,  and  to  all  intents  and 
purposes,  decisive.  For  even  though  that  condition  remains  as  yet  un- 
realized, no  one  who  has  faith  in  the  future  of  the  Reformed  Church  can 
conceive  of  General  Synod  ever  reversing  its  action  of  1916. 

Its  Previous  History. 

Central  College  was  a  Baptist  institution.  Its  corporate  title  is  Central 
University  of  Iowa,  but  it  is  known  as  Central  College.  It  was  authorized 
in  1853.  In  1854  an  academic  department  had  been  opened.  By  1861  a  full 
quota  of  classes  were  at  work.  As  to  standing  it  was  about  on  a  par  with 
the  average  small  college  of  the  land.  It  maintained  an  academy  in  con- 
nection with  the  college;  a  conservatory  of  music,  a  department  of  oratory 
and  expression  and  a  business  department.  It  granted  the  degrees  of 
A.  B.,  Ph.  D.,  and  B.  S. 

There  was  at  the  time  of  transfer  a  faculty  of  21  members,  13  men  and 
8  women. 

The  equipment  at  the  time  of  transfer  consisted  of  a  campus  of  eight 
acres,  right  in  the  heart  of  the  town  of  Pella  on  which  were  five  buildings 
valued  at  about  $iio,ooo.An  endowment  fund  of  some  $13,000  and  known 
as  the  Curtis  and  Barker  funds  accompanied  the  transfer,  but  were  with- 
drawn in  1920  by  action  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Iowa. 

Its  Character  and  Purpose. 

As  to  character.  Central  College  is  a  broadly  Christian  institution  for 
the  purpose  of  training  ministers  and  missionaries  and  Christian  leaders 
in  all  the  walks  of  life.     Or  to  quote  the  Particular  Synod  of  Chicago  in 


HISTORY    OF    CENTRAL    COLLEGE  165 

its  overture  to  General  Synod  in  1916,  "The  Reformed  Church  West  of 
the  Mississippi  needs  a  college  not  only  for  the  training  of  ministers  and 
missionaries  but  also  for  the  development  of  higher  ideals  of  life  and 
service,  to  hold  and  promote  the  loyal  interests  of  the  coming  generations 
of  our  prospective  physicians  and  lawyers,  teachers  and  business  men,  and 
to  train  a  membership  able  and  ready  to  take  care  of  our  Bible  School 
instruction  of  at  least  high  school  grade." 

It  also  stated  that  "such  training  and  equipment  can  be  best  obtained 
through  institutions  under  the  care  of  their  own  church  and  near  enough  to 
draw  them. 

Evidences  of  Progress. 

Its  history  since  adoption  by  the  Reformed  Church  has  already  begun 
to  verify  the  truth  of  the  above  words.  Under  the  leadership  of  Pres. 
Hoffman  and  his  stafif  of  some  19  instructors  it  is  making  wholesome 
progreess.  In  the  President's  report  to  Synod  in  1918  it  was  stated  that 
the  lower  classes  in  both  academy  and  college  were  proportionately  larger 
than  the  higher,  proving  that  the  school  was  taking  on  a  new  lease  of  life; 
and  that  90%  of  these  students  come  from  districts  that  had  never  con- 
tributed any  students  to  the  educational  institutions  of  the  Reformed 
Church,  proving  that  the  College  was  developing  new  fields  of  educational 
activity  in  the  church  and  not  duplicating  the  work  of  other  institutions. 
In  other  words.  Central  College  has  simply  become  another  center  of 
higher  Christian  education  in  the  Reformed  Church  for  many  young  people, 
who  without  it  never  would  seek  it.  And  tho  the  number  is  not  yet  large 
it  is  growing  rapidly  and  already  beginning  to  send  forth  men  into  the 
ministry  of  the  Reformed  Church  as  well  as  other  useful  positions. 

Other  marks  of  progress  are  the  erection  of  a  new  fire  proof  library 
building  to  replace  the  old  one  destroyed  by  fire ;  a  new  ladies  dormitory, 
a  Central  heating  plant,  and  a  gymnasium  and  assembly  hall.  It  has  also 
greatly  increased  the  variety  of  courses. 

Its  endowment  has  to  date  reached  the  sum  of  $154,000,  some  $21,000  of 
which  is  unproductive,  and  tho  just  at  present  the  task  of  increasing  it 
is  difificult  due  to  the  financial  depression,  there  can  be  no  doubt  as  to 
the  future  success  of  this  enterprise,  if  the  church  only  has  faith  and 
courage  enough  to  persevere.  Then  it  too.  like  its  predecessors  will  send 
forth  streams  of  blessing  into  the  world. 


CHAPTER  XXIV. 
HISTORY  OF  ACADEMIES. 

BY  PROF.  S.  C.  NETTINGA,  D.D.,  PROF.  OF  HISTORICAL  THEOLOGY  IX  THE  VV.T.S.,  R.C.A. 

I     THE  NORTHWESTERN  CLASSICAL  ACADEMY 

The  Northwestern  Classical  Academy  was  founded  in  1882.  It  is  located 
at  Orange  City,  Iowa,  a  territory  described  in  the  Agricultural  report  of 
the  U.  S.  Commission,  as  the  garden  of  America.  It  is  also  in  the  midst 
of  one  of  the  most  flourishing  sections  of  the  Reformed  Church. 

The  Academy  is  a  Christian  institution  under  the  auspicies  of  the  Re- 
formed Church  in  America.  Its  purpose  is  to  lay  the  foundation  for  a 
higher  Christian  education  as  well  as  to  instill  high  ideals  into  the  lives  of 
all  who  come  under  its  influence. 

Its  curriculum  prepares  students  for  full  collegiate  work  in  classical, 
scientific  and  literary  courses.  Its  students  are  admitted  into  the  leading 
colleges  without  examination. 

In  1893  it  was  placed  on  the  list  of  Iowa  Colleges  by  the  State  Board  of 
examiners. 

It  has  a  campus  of  8  acres,  a  well  equipped  building  for  its  purpose  and 
also  a  residence  for  the  principal,  erected  in  the  days  when  Prof.  J.  D. 
Zwemer  was  principal. 

Its  sources  of  income  are  fourfold — contributions  from  the  churches ; 
appropriations  from  the  Board  of  Education,  R.  C.  A ;  income  from 
tuitions  and  from  an  endowment  of  some  $50,000.  In  addition  to  this  it 
possesses  some  $5,000  for  a  building  fund  which  is  being  slowly  gathered, 
for  the  erection  of  a  gymnasium. 

The  faculty  consists  of  four  instructors  beside  the  Principal.  The 
number  of  students  in  1920  was  100.  the  largest  in  its  history. 

As  to  results,  the  Academy  has  already  graduated  418  students  of  whom 
100  have  entered  the  ministry  at  home  and  abroad,  while  several  others 
are  now  in  preparation  for  similar  and  other  influential  positions. 

II     PLEASANT  PRAIRIE  ACADEMY 

Pleasant  Prairie  Academy  is  located  at  German  Valley,  111.,  about  100 
miles  west  of  Chicago,  in  one  of  the  prosperous  rural  communities  of  that 
state.  It  is  also  in  the  heart  of  an  ever  growing  consituency  of  the  German 
branch  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America.  It  was  opened  for  work  in 
September  1894. 

166 


HISTORY   OF    ACADEMIES  167 

The  purpose  of  the  institution  is  to  prepare  men  for  the  ministry  in  the 
German  speaking  churches  because  the  existing  institutions  of  the  church 
failed  to  supply  the  need. 

For  this  reason  a  Collegiate  as  well  as  an  Academic  department  was 
opened,  and  actually  attempted.  Due  to  financial  difficulties,  however, 
the  college  plan  was  abandoned  in  1897. 

It  has  Classical,  scientific  and  literary  courses  in  the  English  language, 
which  are  up  to  the  standard  requirements  of  Hope  and  Central  Colleges. 
It  also  has  a  normal  course  for  teachers,  and  an  elementary  business 
course. 

It  has  a  Faculty  at  present  of  four  teachers  including  the  Principal, 
Prof.  F.  Bosch. 

The  number  of  students  during  the  year  1919-1920  was  thirty-four.  Its 
sources  of  income  are  from  tuition  ;  interest  from  a  small  endowment ; 
contributions  from  the  churches  and  appropriations  from  the  Board  of 
Education,  R.  C.  A. 

Since  the  coming  of  its  present  Principal,  the  school  has  taken  on  a 
new  lease  of  life.  The  Classes  of  Pleasant  Prairie  and  Germania  have 
decided  to  maintain  the  Academy  in  its  present  location.  They  have 
also  pledged  it  their  full  support.  The  churches  of  both  Classes  are  at 
present  being  thoroughly  canvassed  for  money  to  erect  a  new  building. 
Also  to  increase  the  number  of  students. 

A  goodly  number  of  its  graduates  have  already  entered  the  ministry  of 
the  Reformed  Church. 

Ill    THE  WISCONSIN  MEMORIAL  ACADEMY 

The  first  suggestion  toward  the  establishment  of  the  Wisconsin  Memorial 
Academy  was  made  in  the  Council  of  Hope  College,  April  1900.  This  was 
endorsed  by  the  Particular  Synod  of  Chicago  in  May  of  that  year,  as 
also  by  the  Classis  of  Wisconsin.  Work  began  in  November,  1900,  with 
17  students. 

The  Academy  is  located  at  Cedar  Grove,  Wisconsin  about  35  miles  north 
of  Milwaukee. 

Sessions  were  first  held  in  the  Chapel  of  the  Reformed  Church  at  Cedar 
Grove.  A  building,  however,  was  erected  and  ready  for  occupancy  by 
June  1902. 

The  purpose  of  the  Academy  is  identical  with  all  the  educational  institu- 
tions of  the  Reformed  Church,  namely,  to  train  men  and  women  for 
positions  of  Christian  leadership. 

Its  faculty  consists  of  four  teachers  including  the  Principal. 

The  number  of  students  in  1920  was  56,  the  largest  in  the  history  of  the 
school. 

Its  sources  of  income  like  the  other  academies  are:  Contributions  from 
the  churches ;  appropriations  by  the  Board  of  Education  R.  C.  A. ;  and 
tuitions. The  beginning  of  a  small  endowment  has  also  been  made. 

As  to  results,  several  of  its  graduates  have  already  entered  the  ministry 
of  the  church  as  also  other  positions  of  usefulness. 

(See  pages  96-97  of  this  work). 


CHAPTER   XXV. 
YOUNG  PEOPLE'S  SOCIETIES. 

BY  REV.  A.  D.  W.  MASON,  D.D. 

The  Reformed  Church  has  always  shown  much  interest  in  its  young 
people,  and  exercised  great  care  in  regard  to  their  religious  and  social 
training.  In  the  early  history  of  the  church  the  children  and  youth  were 
gathered  into  catechetical  classes  and  carefully  taught  the  doctrines  of 
religion.  The  Heidelberg  Catechism  was  prepared,  not  only  as  a  declara- 
tion of  the  faith  of  the  church,  but  as  "a  method  of  instruction  in  the 
Christian  religion,  as  the  same  is  taught  in  the  Reformed  churches  and 
schools  in  Holland  and  America."  And  the  "Compendium"  is  a  shorter 
form  of  the  Catechism  arranged  for  those  who  intend  to  approach  the  Holy 
Supper  of  the  Lord. 

This  system  of  catechetics  is  still  pursued  in  the  larger  number  of  our 
Holland  and  German  churches,  and,  to  some  extent,  is  being  used  with 
good  results  among  our  American  congregations. 

Following  the  "Catechetical  Classes,"  the  Sunday-schools  were  the  next 
form  of  young  people's  organizations  for  religious  training.  They  were 
introduced  into  the  Reformed  Church  early  in  the  nineteenth  century, 
and  the  catechetical  instruction  hitherto  given  directly  by  the  minister 
was  imparted  through  the  medium  of  the  teacher  or  by  the  pastor  during 
the  school  session.  The  growth  of  the  modern  Sunday-school  system  of 
religious  instruction  is  a  matter  of  familiar  knowledge,  and  it  need  only 
be  said  that  to  that  development  the  Reformed  Church  has  contributed 
her  full  share. 

On  February  2,  1881  "Young  People's  Society  of  Christian  Endeavor" 
was  founded  by  Rev.  Francis  E.  C/ark,  among  the  young  people  of  the 
Williston  Congregational  Church  of  Portland,  Maine,  of  which  he  was 
then  the  young  and  resourceful  pastor.  Its  success  in  inspiring  and 
developing  the  spiritual  life  of  its  members  soon  attracted  the  attention 
of  the  pastors  and  leaders  of  neighboring  churches,  and  led  them  to  inquire 
into  its  principles  and  methods.  A  little  later  a  conference  of  those  inter- 
ested was  held  at  Old  Orchard  Beach,  Maine,  and  soon  this  new  method 
of  Christian  work  began  to  take  root  and  spread  among  neighboring 
congregations. 

About  two  years  after  this  initial  date,  on  April  19,  1883,  the  second 
C.  E.  Society  in  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,  and  the  first  society 
of  its  kind  to  be  formed  by  any  denomination,  within  the  area  of  Greater 

168 


YOUNG    people's    SOCIETIES  169 

New  York  was  organized,  with  nineteen  charter  members,  in  the  South  Re- 
formed Church  of  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  of  which  Rev.  A.  DeW.  Mason  was 
then  pastor.  Later  it  was  learned  that  less  than  two  months  before,  in 
February,  1883,  the  very  first  Christian  Endeavor  Society  in  the  Reformed 
Church  in  America  had  been  organized  by  Rev.  Ralph  W.  Brokaw,  then 
pastor  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  Belleville,  N.  J.,  but  for  some  time  these 
two  pioneer  societies  existed  almost  side  by  side  without  either  knowing 
of  the  existence  or  work  of  the  other. 

This  movement  soon  spread  rapidly  in  our  churches  and  was  so  cordially 
received  by  them  that  in  1888,  our  General  Synod  was  asked  to  endorse  the 
new  organization  and  did  so  by  passing  this  resolution  :  "That  this  Synod, 
recognizing  the  value  and  success  of  the  work  of  the  'Young  People's 
Society  of  Christian  Endeavor  in  this  and  other  lands,  heartily  commends 
that  organization  to  our  pastors  and  Consistories  as  a  well  proven  and  ef- 
fective means  of  arousing  and  developing  life  and  labors  of  the  youth 
of  our  churches."  This  action  put  the  Reformed  Church  on  record  as 
being  one  of  the  first,  if  not  the  very  first,  of  the  leading  denominations 
to  adopt  the  principles  and  methods  of  Christian  Endeavor,  and  so  stimula- 
ted the  growth  of  the  Society  amongst  us  that  in  1893  there  were  enrolled 
342  societies  in  the  600  churches  of  the  denomination. 

Notwithstanding  the  many  varieties  of  society  that  have  since  arisen 
among  us,  the  leading  Young  People's  organization  is  still  the  Christian 
Endeavor  Society.  About  400  such  societies,  Junior  Intermediate  and 
Senior,  being  now  connected  with  our  churches. 

When  this  movement  had" been  thus  largely  adopted  by  the  Reformed 
Church,  it  was  felt  that  some  form  of  cooperative  action  along  missionary 
lines  was  most  desirable  and  as  a  result  of  cansiderable  conference  and 
discussion  the  "Christian  Endeavor  Missionary  League"  was  organized 
in  1893  with  the  purpose  of  uniting  our  young  people  in  some  specific  form 
of  missionary  work  through  the  Foreign  and  the  Domestic  Missionary 
Boards  of  the  Church.  The  first  work  that  was  accomplished  was  the 
appropriation  of  $800  (which  was  raided  before  the  League  was  organized) 
to  the  Bethel  Reformed  Church  at  Leota,  Minn.,  which  thus  became 
"C.  E.  Church  No.  i."  After  the  organization  of  the  League  was  accom- 
plished, the  yearly  contributions  were  largely  increased  and  thereafter  from 
two  to  three  "C.  E.  Churches"  in  our  Domestic  Mission  fields  were  thus  as- 
sisted annually,  the  amount  raised  for  this  purpose  averaging  $1,500  to  $2,000 
per  year.  Foreign  Mission  work  was  also  soon  undertaken,  and  from  $3,000 
to  $4,500  per  year  was  raised  toward  this  work,  the  first  "C.  E.  Foreign 
Missionary"  to  be  thus  sustained  being  Rev.  William  L  Chamberlain,  now 
the  well-known  Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  Foreign  Alission  Board 
of  our  Church,  but  then  a  young  missionary  working  in  the  Chittoor 
Station  of  our  Arcot  Mission  in  India. 

Other  objects  of  missionary  and  educational  interest  were  later  added, 
and  for  eleven  years  the  League  continued  under  its  original  title.  The 
name  was  then  changed  to  "The  Young  People's  Missionary  League"  in 
order  to  include  other  than  Christian  Endeavor  Societies  in  its  activities. 


I/O  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

In  1904  Mr.  Mason  was  succeeded  as  President  of  the  League  by  the 
Rev.  Charles  VV.  Gulick  of  Newark,  N.  J.  In  1908  when  Mr.  Mason 
resignd  from  his  official  relation  to  the  Mission  Boards  to  become  one  of 
the  editors  of  the  Christian  Intelligencer,  he  was  followed  as  Secretary 
of  Young  People's  Mission  Work  by  Mr.  Harry  L.  Kinports,  whose  long 
experience  in  Christian  Endeavor  work  and  with  the  local  conditions  of 
church  life  in  New  York  City  as  he  met  them  in  the  position  of  lay  assistant 
to  Dr.  David  J.  Burrell,  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  marked  him  as  peculiarly 
fitted  for  the  leadership  of  the  young  people  of  our  Church.  After  an 
eminently  successful  service  of  ten  years,  Mr.  Kinports  retired  from  this 
position  and  the  work  for  young  people  was  transferred  to  the  educational 
department  of  the  Board  of  Publication  and  Bible-School  Work.  This 
has  been  since  administered  through  Rev.  Theodore  F.  Baylis  and  Rev. 
Abram  Duryee.  the  successive  Educational  Secretaries  of  that  Board. 

The  history  of  the  missionary  work  of  the  Christian  Endeavor  Societies 
of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  has  thus  been  told  in  some  detail, 
because  it  was  a  unique  and  pioneer  work  amid  all  the  many  denominations 
which  have  adopted  Christian  Endeavor  into  their  Church  life  and  pol- 
ity. While,  of  course,  C.  E.  Societies  of  every  denomination  have  always 
encouraged  the  study  and'support  of  missionary  work,  yet  it  was  the  Mission 
Boards  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  who  were  the  first  to  make  a 
systematic  and  organized  eflfort  to  educate  and  train  the  missionary  zeal 
of  the  Christian  Endeavor  Societies  on  a  denominational  scale.  Mr. 
Mason  was  the  first  denominational  Secretary  for  Young  People's  Mission 
Work"  to  be  officially  appointed  and  maintained  by  the  Mission  Boards  of 
and  denomination,  and  the  "Christian  Endeavor  Missionary  League"  was 
the  first  department  of  its  kind  to  work  exclusively  for  the  development 
of  the  missionary  activities  of  the  young  people  of  its  denomination. 

It  is  gratifying  to  recall  this  fact,  and  to  know  that  the  principles  and 
methods  of  this  League  were  appreciated  and  employed,  to  a  considerabe 
extent,  by  similar  departments  in  other  denominations  which  were  establi- 
shed subsequent  to  this  pioneer  organization. 

The  changing  conditions  of  the  passing  years  have  since  necessitated  the 
adoption  of  other  methods  to  conserve  and  to  develop  the  missionary  zeal 
of  the  young  people  of  our  churches.  But  their  devotion  to  the  cause  of 
missions,  and  their  consecration  of  heart  and  hand  to  this  primary  duty 
of  every  Christian  have  not  changed  nor  been  diminished.  Each  generation 
in  its  own  way  will  labor  to  advance  the  coming  of  the  Kingdom  of  God 
on  earth  and  the  reign  in  the  hearts  of  every  people  of  Him  who  is 
forever  King  of  Kings  and  Lord  of  Lords,  the  Saviour  of  all  mankind. 


CHAPTER  XXVI. 
BOARD  OF  EDUCATION. 

REVISKD    BY    KE\ .    JOH.N    G.    GEBHARD,    D.    D. 

An  Educational  Society  was  organized  independently,  in  the  year  1828. 
for  the  purpose  of  assisting  needy  students  in  their  preparation  for  the 
ministry.  In  the  eighteenth  century,  and  early  part  of  the  nineteenth,  a  fee 
of  £15  had  been  exacted  from  each  church  calling  and  settling  a  licentiate, 
and  a  fee  of  £5,  generally  from  each  student,  on  receiving  his  license  to 
preach.  From  these  moneys  indigent  students  were  sometimes  assisted  or 
the  professorial  fee  for  a  diploma  was  paid,  if  the  student  was  unable  to 
meet  the  expense  himself.  When  a  fund  for  the  support  of  a  professorship 
began  to  be  raised  it  was  also  stipulated  that  needy  students  should  be 
assisted  from  the  same.     (Theological  Seminaries). 

In  1812  it  was  ordered  that  collections  should  be  taken  up  in  the  churches 
for  this  object.  A  committee  was  also  appointed  at  the  same  Synod  to 
confer  with  the  trustees  of  Queen's  College  concerning  the  provision  of  a 
fund  to  meet  the  necessities  of  the  students,  while  the  Board  of  Superin- 
tendents were  also  permitted  to  draw  from  the  treasurer  of  the  Synod 
such  amounts  as  they  deemed  proper,  for  this  purpose.  The  copyright  of 
the  Psalm  and  Hymn  Book  was  also  secured  to  the  Synod  for  the  benefit  of 
students,  the  publishers  being  requested  to  pay  the  Synod  six  cents  for  each 
copy  sold.  But  in  five  years  this  only  amounted  to  $240.  With  the  first 
installments  of  the  Van  Bunschooten  bequest,  in  1814.  some  additional  help 
was  obtained.  In  1815  Miss  Rebecca  Knox,  of  Philadelphia  (a  member  of 
Dr.  Brodhead's  church),  left  $2,000,  for  the  support  of  students,  but  which 
did  not  become  immediately  available.  Cent  societies,  established  in  many 
congregations,  also  brought  in  means  to  some  extent.  From  all  these 
sources  the  Board  of  Superintendents  distributed  $200  in  the  year  1814, 
spending  in  addition  $120  for  the  purchase  of  Hebrew  Bibles.  An  increas- 
ing amount  was  appropriated  each  year,  until  1819.  when  they  distributed 
the  sum  of  $1,315  ;  but  the  amount  distributed  did  not  reach  as  high  a  figure 
as  this  again  till  1828,  the  same  year  in  which  the  Educational  Society  was 
organized. 

On  the  seventh  day  of  May.  1828.  a  number  of  ministers  and  friends  met 
in  the  lecture  room  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  in  the  city  of  Xew  York,  to 
consider  the  propriety  of  organizing  a  Board  of  Education.  Dr.  Milledoler 
was  called  to  the  chair,  and  opened  the  meeting  with  prayer.  The  cir- 
cular which  called  the  meeting  showed  that,  at  a  free  conversation  on  the 

171 


1/2  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

general  interests  of  the  Church,  held  in  the  preceding  November,  between 
Rev.  Messrs.  Milledoler,  Knox,  Kuypers,  Brownlee,  Ludlow,  P.  Labagh,. 
Schermerhorn,  and  De  Witt,  it  was  ascertained  that  a  general  desire  existed 
for  more  efficient  action  in  the  missionary  and  educational  interests  of  the 
church.  Hence  this  meeting  at  the  call  of  the  committee,  to  organize  a 
Board  of  Education.  A  constitution  was  at  once  adopted  containing  twelve 
articles,  stating  the  objects  of  the  Board,  the  terms  of  annual  and  life  mem- 
berships, the  manner  of  government,  through  the  necessary  officers  and  an 
executive  committee,  and  the  manner  of  receiving  beneficiaries.  Any  dona- 
tion of  $1,500  or  more,  for  the  foundating  of  a  scholarship,  was  to  be  dis- 
tinguished by  the  name  of  the  donor.  Col.  Henry  Rutgers  was  elected  the 
first  president.  An  address  was  at  once  prepared  by  a  committee,  consist- 
ing of  Drs.  Matthews,  Brownlee.  and  De  Witt,  and  distributed  to  the 
churches.  The  amount  granted  to  a  beneficiary  was  then  limited  to  $90  per 
annum.  They  designed  rather  to  aid  a  student  than  to  sustain  him  fully. 
Auxiliary  societies  existed  in  certain  of  the  Classes,  and  in  single  churches. 
During  its  first  year  the  Board  and  its  auxiliaries  assisted  about  twenty- 
students.  In  1831  this  Education  Society,  which  had  been  organized  by  indi- 
vidual, not  ecclesiastical,  action,  requested  the  General  Synod  to  take 
charge  of  it  as  its  own  Board.  This  was  proposed,  partly,  because  dona- 
tions began  to  be  left  to  it,  while  it  was  not  formally  connected  with  the 
Synod,  and  partly  to  increase  still  further  the  confidence  of  the  churches. 
The  old  officers  were  reappointed  by  the  Synod  as  its  officers,  and  a  com- 
mittee was  appointed  to  remodel  it.  A  new  board  was  accordingly  consti- 
tuted in  1832,  and  the  funds  of  the  old  Board  were  turned  over  to  the  care 
of  the  General  Synod. 

The  organization  of  this  Board  was  the  beginning  of  new  life  for  the 
educational  interests  of  the  church.  A  number  of  scholarships  were  soon 
founded  by  individuals.  Many  of  these  were  allowed  to  accumulate  for  a 
time,  if  not  sufficient  at  first  to  meet  the  due  appropriations  to  the  students. 

The  funds  in  aid  of  students  preparing  for  the  ministry  are  held  by- 
different  corporations.  At  first  such  funds  were  given  in  trust  to  Rutgers 
College,  and  to  these  additions  have  been  made  until  they  now  (1920) 
amount  to  $82,500.  After  the  General  Synod  was  incorporated,  in  1819, 
Scholarship  Funds  for  the  same  purpose  were  entrusted  to  its  care,  and 
these  now  amount  to  $332,836.62.  After  the  Board  of  Education  was 
incorporated,  in  1869,  similar  funds  began  to  be  left  also  to  its  care,  and 
these  now  amount  to  $213,835.61,  making  a  total  of  $629,172.23.  The  interest 
of  this  sum,  with  the  average  addition  of  about  $10,000,  annually  received 
by  collections  in  the  churches  or  by  individual  gifts  for  the  Board  of  Edu- 
cation, is  devoted  to  the  assistance  of  the  students,  whether  in  college  or 
seminary,  preparing  for  the  ministry  or  for  the  medical  mission  field.  A 
considerable  portion  of  this  amount  goes  for  instruction  in  the  West.  In 
1850  the  amount  distributed  was  only  about  $5,000.  The  amount  now 
distributed  is  from  three  to  four  times  as  much,  depending  on  the  rate  of 
interest  and  the  amount  of  annual  offerings.  Full  lists  of  Scholarship 
Funds,  with  the  name  of  each  donor,  and  the  amount  of  each  fund,  may  be 


BOARD    OF    EDUCATION  1 73 

found  in  the  annual  reports  of  the  treasurer  of  Rutgers  College,  the  treas- 
urer of  the  General  Synod,  and  the  treasurer  of  the  Board  of  Education. 
The  total  number  of  students  enrolled  as  beneficiaries  of  the  Board  since 
its  .organization  is  1,228,  of  whom  14  were  medical  missionary  students. 

TJius  has  this  .department  of  the  Church  grown  from  comparatively 
insignificant  beginnings.  In  1865  the  Synod  empowered  this  Board  to 
enlarge  its  sphere  of  operations  and  to  co-operate  with  the  Classes  in 
the  establishment  of  academies  and  classical  schools  within  their  bounds. 
During  the  year  ending  April  30,  1920,  $20,506.95  were  distributed  among 
104  students,  and  $18,935.86  to  seminaries,  colleges  and  academies. 

An  applicant  for  aid  from  the  f.unds  of  the  Board  must  have,  been  a 
member  of  an  evangelical  church  for  one  year,  and  must  be  a  member  of  a 
Reformed  Church  at  the  time  of  making  application.  He  must  usually  be 
ready  to  enter  college,  or  must  have  been  regularly  admitted  into  college, 
or  into  one  of  our  theological  seminaries,  in  accordance  with  the  rules 
established  therefor  by  the  General  Synod.  About  three-quarters  of  the 
present  ministry  of  the  Church  are  indebted  to  the  Board  of  Education  for 
assistance  in  pursuing  their  education,  and  about  the  same  proportions 
hold  true  respecting  the  larger  number  of  those  who  have  finished  their 
labors  and  have  gone  to  their  reward. 

Rev.  J.  F.  Schermerhorn,  the  general  agent  of  all  the  benevolent  opera- 
tions of  the  church,  was  active  in  collecting  funds  for  this  Board,  1830-32. 
Rev.  A.  H.  Dumont  succeeded  him,  for  a  single  year.  Contributions 
amounted  to  about  $3,000  per  annum,  at  this  time,  although  diminished  in 
1832  by  the  epidemic.  For  .the  next  decade  of  years  the  services  of  a 
special  secretary  were  dispensed  with.  Classical  agents  being  employed  to 
represent  the  educational  interests  of  the  church.  In  1843  Rev.  Ransford 
Wells  was  appointed  financial  secretary  to  take  the  general  superintendence 
of  all  the  boards.  He  occupied  this  position  for  only  two  years.  Again, 
for  more  than  half  a  score  of  years,  the  Board  remained  without  a  cor- 
responding secretary,  but  its  small  receipts  (less  than  $1,700,  in  1855)  com- 
pelled it  to  seek  a  more  efficient  plan  of  operations.  Rev.  J.  A.  H.  Cor- 
nell was  accordingly  appointed  to  this  office,  in  1855,  under  whose  ener- 
getic efforts  this  Board  was  thoroughly  revived.  In  1857  the  Board  was 
reorganized.  At  the  end  of  the  six  years  of  his  service  the  contributions 
of  the  churches  for  this  cause  had  increased  nearly  sixfold.  Upon  his  res- 
ignation, from  ill-health,  in  1861,  Rev.  John  L.  See  was  appointed  his  suc- 
cessor, and  rendered  more  than  a  score  of  years  of  conscientious,  faithful 
service  in  the  work  of  the  Board,  when  his  health  failed  and  he  was  given 
a  vacation  for  rest  and  recuperation.  Durii,ig  his  incumbency  263  students 
were  aided  and  bequests  for  scholarships  were  received  aggregating  $92,160. 
From  the  organization  of  the  Board  to  the  year  1861,  when  Dr.  See  assumed 
the  office  of  secretary,  23  bequests  had  been  received,  aggregating  $56,645. 

The  office  of  corresponding  secretary  was  declared  vacant  Feb.  i.  1885. 
For  a  short  time  the  office  duties  were  discharged  by.  the. Rev.  Uriah  D. 
Gulick  and  afterward  l)y  the  Rev.  Giles  H.  Mandeville,  D.D.,  who  was 
elected  corresponding  secretary  Feb.   10.   1885.  and  resigned  his  office  Feb. 


174  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

I,  1900.  During  these  years  318  students  were  aided  and  bequests  aggre- 
gating $112,000  were  received.  Before  entering  upon  the  direct  work  of 
corresponding  secretary  of  the  Board  Dr.  Mandeville,  being  then  President 
of  Hope  College,  and  pastor  of  the  Harlem  Reformed  Church,  was  largely 
instrumental  in  raising  $43,000  for  our  Western  college  and  theological 
seminary,  and  after  becoming  secretary,  by  his  suggestions  and  valuable 
influence,  materially  assisted  President  Kollen  in  raising  funds  for  the 
larger  endowment  of  Hope  College. 

On  the  1st  of  Feb.,  1900,  the  Rev.  John  G.  Gebhard  became  Correspond- 
ing Secretary  of  the  Board,  and  continued  in  the  office  until,  on  account  of 
defective  sight  and  hearing,  following  a  serious  attack  of  fever,  he  felt 
obliged  to  tender  his  resignation,  being  relieved  in  August.  1920.  During 
his  secretaryship  365  students  for  the  ministry  and  14  medical  missionary 
students  were  aided  by  the  Board,  and  $294,376.30  were  added  to  the 
endowment  funds. 

The  Rev.  Willard  Dayton  Brown  became  Corresponding  Secretary  on 
the  i6th  of  August,  1920,  having  been  called  to  this  position  from  the 
secretaryship  of  the  Five  Year  Progress  Campaign. 

The  Board  of  Education  has  been  signally  favored  in  the  services  ren- 
dered through  it  to  the  Church  by  its  officials.  The  Rev.  Mancius  S. 
Hutton,  D.D.,  served  the  Board  nearly  15  years  as  Corresponding  Secretary, 
1842-56,  his  services  being  rendered  gratuitously.  He  was  elected  President 
in  1858  and  held  the  office  until  1880.  He  was  succeeded  as  President  by 
the  Rev.  John  Gaston,  D.D.,  who  died  in  1901.  Thus  the  Board  had  but 
two  presidents  in  43  years.  It  has  also  been  peculiarly  favored  in  its 
treasurers,  Mr.  Frederick  J.  Hosford  having  most  acceptably  filled  this 
office  for  33  years,  1856-89,  while  Mr.  John  F.  Berry,  the  present  efficient 
treasurer,  has  held  the  office  for  13  years.  The  Rev.  William  H.  Ten 
Eyck,  D.D.,  served  as  Recording  Secretary  for  30  years,  1859-89;  and  the 
Rev.  Theodore  W.  Welles,  D.D.,  filled  the  same  office  for  21  years,  from 
1891  to  1912. 

The  principal  necessity  for  the  incorporation  of  the  Board  of  Education 
arose  from  the  fact  that,  becoming  familiarly  known  as  the  Board  of 
Education,  funds  were  devised  for  it  under  that  title.  Having  no  legal 
existence  as  such,  it  could  not  claim  these  funds.  After  some  losses  of 
moneys  so  devised,  for  future  security  the  Board  was  incorporated,  Oct. 
13,  1869.  At  the  annual  session  of  the  General  Synod  in  1919.  the  Board 
was  authorized  to  extend  its  charter  so  as  to  make  it  a  part  of  its  regular 
work  to  assist  not  only  students  for  the  ministry  and  educational  institu- 
tions, but  also  medical  missionary  students  and  "such  other  form  of  Chris- 
tian leadership  as  may  be  approved  by  the  Board  or  the  General  Synod." 

For  rules  regarding  assistance  to  medical  missionary  students,  or  for 
any  other  information  about  the  workings  of  the  Board  of  Education,  ap- 
plication should  be  made  to  its  Corresponding  Secretary,  Reformed  Church 
Building,  25  East  22nd  St.,  New  York  City. 


CHAPTER  XXVII. 
THE  PERIODICALS  OF  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH  L\  AMERICA. 

BY    REV.    J.^MES    BOYD    HUNTER,    EDITOR    OF    THE   (.  HRLSTL-VX    INTELLIGENCER 
.AND    MISSION    FIELD. 

In  the  Fourth  Edition  of  Corwin's  Manual,  under  the  title  "The  Mis- 
sionary Periodicals  of  the  Reformed  Church,"  Rev.  A.  DeW.  Mason, 
D.D.,  at  that  time  the  editor  of  The  Mission  Field,  prepared  an  article 
narrating  the  history  of  the  distinctively  missionary  periodicals  which  have 
appeared  from  time  to  time.  In  that  he  said  among  the  earliest  of  the  per- 
iodicals devoted  to  our  missionary  interests  were  the  Journal  of  Missions  and 
Tlie  Day  Spring,  which  were  issued  about  1852  and  continued  to  be  published 
for  some  years.  About  1855  they  were  succeeded  by  Tlie  So'wer  and  Gospel 
Field,  and  in  1881  by  The  Soiver  and  Mission  Monthly.  This  latter  paper, 
with  several  changes,  continued  until  1888,  when  it  was  superseded  by  the 
The  Mission  Field.  The  several  boards,  with  the  exception  of  the  Board 
of  Publication  and  the  Woman's  Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  united  in 
sustaining  this  magazine.  The  Woman's  Board  of  Foreign  Missions 
for  a  number  of  years  published  the  Mission  Gleaner,  but  several  years 
ago  this  also  was  combined  with  The  Mission  Field,  which  therefore  repre- 
sented the  united  missionary  interests  of  the  denomination. 

A  number  of  periodicals  at  various  times  have  been  issued  for  the  pur- 
pose of  creating  interest  among  the  scholars  of  the  Bible  Schools,  the  latest 
of  these  being  The  Day  Star,  which  from  1896  was  generally  distributed, 
but  in  the  course  of  time  it  was  found  inexpedient  to  continue  its  publica- 
tion. Since  its  discontinuance  there  has  been  no  paper  intended  exclusively 
for  the  younger  people  of  the  church. 

The  Reformed  Church  in  America  nearly  one  hundred  years  ago  felt 
the  need  of  some  organ  of  communication  whereby  information  might  be 
given  and  discussion  carried  on  among  the  members  of  the  church.  This 
feeling  found  its  culmination  in  The  Magazine  of  the  Reformed  Dutch 
Church,  a  monthly  which  was  issued  for  the  first  time  in  April,  1826, 
under  the  editorship  of  Rev.  William  Craig  Brownlee,  D.D.  That  the 
missionary  spirit  was  strong  in  those  days  is  proved  by  the  fact  that  the 
very  first  article  in  this  magazine  was  on  "The  Duty  and  Necessity  of 
Missionary  Exertions:"  and  always,  from  1826  to  1922,  the  periodicals  of 
whatever  name,  which  have  been  issued  by  the  church  or  by  its  members, 
have  had  a  distinctively  missionary  interest. 

The  Magazine  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  continued  in  its  original 


176  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

form  for  about  four  years,  and  was  then  superseded  by  a  weekly  paper 
bearing  the  familiar  title  of  Christian  Intelligencer.  The  first  issue  of 
this  took  place  on  the  7th  of  August,  1830.  There  have  been  many  changes 
in  form,  many  changes  in  editors,  some  changes  in  price,  but  under  what- 
ever editor  and  at  whatever  price  and  in  whatever  form,  Christian  Intel- 
ligencer has  been  made  true  to  the  thought  of  its  founders  and  has  endeav- 
ored always  to  be  a  servant  of  the  church  and  a  leader  in  all  good  works. 

Perhaps  no  detailed  story  of  the  history  of  the  Christian  Intelligencer 
will  ever  be  written.  The  tribulations  of  religious  journalism  have  left 
their  mark  all  along  the  years  and  the  editors  have  beert  always  men  who 
believed  that  their  mission  in  disseminating  information  and  molding 
opinion  was  of  God.  This  belief  they  held  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  to  none 
of  them  came  pecuniary  reward.  Whether  under  individual  ownership  or 
in  an  association,  the  financial  returns  have  never  been  adequate  and  the 
several  men  who  throughout  the  ninety  years'  existence  of  the  paper  have 
given  their  services,  have  been  men  to  whom  self-sacrifice  was  familiar. 
Upon  the  death  of  Dr.  J.  B.  Drury  in  1909  the  control  of  the  paper  passed 
to  Drs.  N.  H.  Van  Arsdale  and  A.  DeWitt  Mason,  who  continued  as  editors 
until  ill  health  compelled  them  to  seek  retirement  in  1917.  The  General 
Synod  in  that  year  wa£  requested  by  the  editors  to  take  the  paper  into  its 
control,  and  it  did  so,  at  the  same  time  appointing  Rev.  W.  P.  Bruce,  D.D., 
of  Yonkers,  N.  Y.,  as  the  Editor-in-Chief.  Dr.  Bruce  continued  until  his 
ill  health  and  subsequent  death  terminated  his  labors  in  October,  1920. 
In  July,  1920.  Rev.  James  Boyd  Hunter  became  editor  and  still  holds  the 
position. 

Conditions  in  the  printing  trade  were  very  seriously  altered  by  the 
coming  of  the  war  in  Europe,  and  even  before  the  retirement  of  Drs. 
Van  Arsdale  and  Mason  the  cost  of  issuing  the  paper  was  increasing. 
After  the  United  States  became  an  active  participant  in  the  war  this  cost 
became  crushingly  great.  But  the  Christian  Intelligencer  continued,  and 
even  during  the  war  reduced  its  price,  at  the  same  time  reducing  the  num- 
ber of  pages  in  each  issue. 

The  Boards  were  required,  under  the  direction  of  General  Synod,  to  pay 
the  deficit  which  occurred  in  publication ;  and  they,  while  recognizing 
the  value  of  the  Christian  Intelligencer  as  a  medium  of  information  were 
disposed  to  feel  that  some  change  should  be  effected  whereby  its  value 
would  not  be  decreased  but  its  cost  materially  lessened.  They  finally 
decided  to  unite  it  with  the  Mission  Field.  The  first  issue  of  the  Chris- 
tian Intelligencer  and  Mission  Field  appeared  at  a  reduced  price  Jan.  4, 
1922. 

With  the  growth  of  the  church  in  the  West  came  an  increasing  demand 
for  a  paper  which  should  represent  that  section  and  give  more  attention  to 
local  news  than  was  possible  in  a  paper  issued  from  New  York.  In 
■consequence  of  this  The  Leader  was  brought  into  being  in  the  year  1905. 
The  Leader  is  issued  from  Holland,  Mich.,  under  the  direction  of  a  group 
of  ministers  residing  there,  chiefly  those  Connected  with  Hope  College  and 
the  Western  Seminar\^     Intended  primarily  to  aid  those  two  institutions, 


PERIODICALS  OF  Tllli  REFORMED  CHURCH   IX   AMERICA  I77 

The  Leader  has  always  given  large  place  to  articles  bearing  upon  the  in- 
terests of  education  both  in  the  college  and  in  the  seminary.  Likewise  it 
has  liberally  aided  in  young  people's  work  both  in  the  Sunday  School  and 
in  societies,  and  is  noted  for  the  thoroughness  of  its  Sunday  School  helps. 
At  the  present  time  under  an  editorial  staff  consisting  of  Drs.  E.  J.  Blek- 
kink,  J.  E.  Kuizenga,  and  H.  Geerlings,  The  Leader  continues  to  be  an 
active  and  efficient  molder  of  religious  thought  and  maintains  a  wide  influ- 
ence in  the  western  part  of  the  church. 

Mention  should  be  made  of  two  foreign  language  papers  which  operate 
in  both  portions  of  the  church  where  the  presence  of  Holland  and  German 
speaking  members  make  it  advisable  to  circulate  such  papers.  In  the 
Holland  language  De  Hope,  issued  at  Holland  with  the  help  of  the  faculties 
of  the  two  institutions  and  using  in  part  the  same  material  as  The  Leader, 
does  its  work  for  the  Holland  speaking  members  of  the  denomination.  Die 
Mitarbeiter,  circulates  among  the  German  speaking  people,  esoecially  in  the 
West. 

Reformed  Church  pastors  of  Somerset  County,  New  Jersey,  since  1906 
have  maintained  a  monthly  paper  called  The  Somerset  Church  News.  This 
contains  a  monthly  summary  of  the  happenings  in  the  dozen  churches 
of  the  Reformed  denomination  located  in  Somerset  County,  together  with 
articles  prepared  by  some  of  the  editors,  and  other  material. 


CHAPTER  XXVIII. 
HISTORY  OF  FOREIGN  MISSIONS. 

REVISED    BY    REV.    WILLIAM    I.    CHAMBERLAIN,    PH.D.,    D.D.,    CORRESPONDING 
SECRET.^RY   OF   THE   BOARD   OF   FOREIGN    MISSIONS. 

Christianity  is  a  missionary  religion.  That  through  Abraham's  seed  all 
the  families  of  the  earth  should  be  blessed  is  the  underlying  thought  of  the 
Old  Testament.  Alake  disciples  of  all  nations  was  the  Master's  command 
to  his  Church.  "The  Acts  of  the  Apostles"  is  the  first  chapter  in  this 
world-wide  enterprise.  In  three  centuries  the  Roman  Empire  was  obliged 
to  acknowledge  that  the  Galilean  had  conquered.  By  the  year  500  the 
whole  Roman  Empire  was  nominally  Christianized  ;  and  in  six  centuries 
more  all  the  rest  of  Europe  except  Lapland.  But  then  came  four  centuries 
— 1100  to  1500 — of  almost  entire  inactivity  in  regard  to  mission  work.  The 
Papal  Church  was  moribund.     Hence  the  necessity  of  the  Reformation. 

But  the  churches  of  the  Reformation  for  almost  three  centuries  did 
comparatively  little  mission  work.  A  corrupt  church  fought  against  re- 
viving evangelical  truth.  Protestants  were  unable  to  secure  civil  and 
religious  recognition  before  1648,  at  the  Peace  of  Westphalia,  almost  a 
century  and  a  half  after  the  dawn  of  the  Reformation.  They  could  not 
do  much  for  missions  while  fighting  for  their  very  life.  Even  among 
Protestants,  the  union  of  church  and  state  continued,  with  the  general 
non-toleration  of  dissenters.  There  were  also  great  discussions  about 
church  polity.  All  these  things  greatly  hampered  the  proper  development 
of  the  spiritual  life  of  the  church  and  delayed  her  due  consideration  of  her 
world-wide  mission  to  the  heathen. 

Moreover,  Protestants  could  do  little  toward  evangelizing  the  heathen, 
while  the  naval  and  commercial  power  of  the  world  remained  in  the  hands 
of  Roman  Catholics.  This  power  needed  to  be  transferred  to  Protestants 
before  they  could  become  familiar  with  distant  parts,  and  with  the  charac- 
ter, numbers  and  condition  of  heathen  peoples.  Only  when  the  facts 
became  known  would  their  duty  become  apparent.  Only,  also,  when  in 
possession  of  the  naval  and  commercial  power  of  the  world  would  they 
have  facilities  for  sending  missionaries  everywhere.  Such  are  some  of  the 
obvious  reasons  for  the  tardy  development  of  the  missionary  spirit  among 
Protestants. 

But  there  were  also  some  benefits  in  this  delay.  The  Reformed  Church 
was  becoming  more  fully  imbued  with  divine  truth.  The  great  Protestant 
creeds  were  being  formed.     A  more  thorough  indoctrination  of  the  people 

178 


HISTORY    OF    FOREIGN    MISSIONS  179 

was  taking  place.  The  true  evangelical  spirit,  love  to  the  perishing,  was 
also  in  process  of  development. 

There  were,  however,  examples  of  missionary  zeal  before  the  nine- 
teenth century.  The  first  distinctively  Protestant  mission  was  that  of 
Gustavus  Vasa.  King  of  Sweden,  to  Lapland,  in  1559.  Subsequently,  at  the 
suggestion  of  Grotius,  Peter  Heilig  went  to  Abyssinia,  in  1634,  and  gave 
that  people  a  new  version  of  the  Scriptures  in  the  Amharic  tongue.  Then, 
also,  all  the  charters  of  the  great  commercial  companies — English,  Dutch, 
and  Danish — referred  to  the  duty  of  evangelizing  the  natives  of  the  coun- 
tries with  which  they  traded. 

The  merchants  of  the  United  Provinces  organized  the  East  India  Com- 
pany (1602-1795).  They  established  commercial  colonies  at  many  points 
upon  the  coast  of  Asia,  and  on  many  of  the  contiguous  islands.  The 
company,  the  government,  and  the  church  worked  together  to  supply  the 
settlements  .with  Christian  pastors.  These  godly  men  were  moved  with 
compassion  for  the  multitudes  of  heathen  surrounding  them.  They  learned 
many  of  the  languages  of  Asia,  preached  to  Buddhists  and  Mohammedans, 
and  translated  Christian  books  into  Tamil,  Malay,  Chinese,  etc.  The  gov- 
ernment and  church  at  home  assisted  the  colonial  pastors  generously,  al- 
though not  always  wisely.' 

The  first  clergyman  from  Holland  arrived  in  Batavia  in  the  year  1598. 
In  1620  Christian  worship  was  established.  It  was  at  first  conducted  in 
the  Portuguese  and  Chinese  languages.  Rev.  Messrs.  Dubbledryk  and 
Candidus  were  probably  the  first  ministers  sent  to  the  East  Indies.  The 
former  was  soon  suspended  'for  immoral  conduct ;  the  letter,  by  insisting 
upon  monogamy  among  the  natives,  awakened  such  a  spirit  of  opposition 
that  it  was  considered  prudent  to  transfer  him  to  Formosa  in  1627,  the 
government  cautioning  him  not  to  give  offense  to  the  Chinese  and  Japanese 
emperors. 

Soon  after  1620  the  Xetherlands  East  India  Company  supported  clergy- 
men of  the  Reformed  Church  in  Ceylon,  Sumatra.  Java,  Amboyna,  Hcrcso- 
ria,  Isles  of  Banda,  Coromandel,  Sural,  China,  Formosa,  Siam,  and  Japan. 
In  all  these  countries,  or  dependencies,  churches  and  school  houses  were 
built  by  the  combined  action  of  the  company,  the  government,  the  church 
at  home,  and  the  colonies. 

Many  translations  were  made.  For  the  use  of  the  Tamils  of  Ceylon  and 
India  the  Bible  was  partially  translated.  Versions  were  also  made  in 
Chinese  and  Malay  of  portions  of  the  Scriptures.  The  catechism  of  the 
church  was  published  in  Tamil,  Chinese,  and  Malay,  and  was  translated  into 
some  of  the  local  dialects. 

To  thousands  of  men  the  Gospel  was  preached.  In  the  province  of 
Jaffna  alone,  in  Ceylon,  there  were  thirty-four  churches  appropriated  to  the 
use  of  the  native  population,  in  which  63.000  hearers  gathered,  exclusive  of 
2.000   baptized    slaves,   while   the   schools   connected    with    them   had    over 


'"The  Archive.s  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam"  preserves  all  this  East 
Indian  corresjjondence.  See  also  Van  Troostenberg's  "De  Hervormde- 
kerk   in  Nederlandsche  Cost  Indie,"  1884. 


l8o  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA 

16,000  native  children  in  regular  attendance.  Thousands  of  natives  in 
Ceylon,  in  Bat'avia,  in  Formosa,  were  baptized  on  professing  an  intellectual 
assent  to  the  Word  of  God.  Evidences  of  conversion  and  a  statement  of 
Christian  experience  were  noxvhere  required.  Besides  this,  employment 
under  the  government  was  given  only  to  the  natives  who  had  made  such  a 
profession.  This,  too,  was  in  accordance  with  almost  universal  custom. 
Intended  as  an  encouragement,  it  acted  as  a  bribe. 

The  disposition  of  the  Church  of  the  Netherlands  may  be  learned  from 
the  fact  that,  between  1615  and  1725,  no  less  than  336  ministers  had  labored 
on  the  islands  or  mainland  of  what  was  then  commonly  called  the  East 
Indies.  Some  were  only  the  pastors  of  the  colonists  from  the  United 
Provinces,  others  were  truly  missionaries  to  the  heathen. 

When  the  government  of  the  Netherlands  was  exhausted  by  long  and 
costly  wars,  and  became  unable  to  re-enforce  many  of  its  Asiatic  commer- 
cial posts,  they  were  overpowered  by  the  superior  numbers  of.  the  English, 
and  brought  under  the  English  government.  The  English  East  India  Com- 
pany not  only  totally  neglected  the  Christian  work  begun  by  the  Hollanders 
in  Asia,  but  opposed  all  attempts  to  win  the  natives  to  Christianity. 

The  Church  of  Holland  also,  through  the  West  India  Company  (1621- 
1664)  did  something  for  the  Indians  in  America,  including  the  West  Indies 
and  Brazil.  The  American  ministers  often  allude  in  their  correspondence 
to  the  sad  condition  of  the  natives,  and  the  necessity  of  evangelizing  them ; 
and  in  the  calls  of  these  ministers  there  are  sometimes  stipulations  that  they 
should  not  neglect  the  natives. 

At  various  localities  in  New  York  and  New  Jersey  the  Gospel  was 
preached  to  the  red  man  by  the  pastors  of  the  Reformed  churches,  and 
prayers  ofifered  by  the  people  for  his  conversion  and  salvation.  Recorded 
particulars  of  this  work  are  preserved,  especially  in  connection  with  the 
settlement  at  Albany.  In  1643  Rev.  Mr.  Megapolensis  began  to  labor 
among  the  Mohawk  Indians  living  near  what  is  now  called  Albany.  This 
was  three  years  previous  to  the  labors  of  Rev.  John  Eliot,  of  Roxbury, 
Mass.,  among  the  Indians  of  that  locality.  Large  numbers  of  the  Mohawks 
attended  the  preaching  of  Megapolensis,  who  had  become  quite  a  fiuent 
speaker  in  their  language.  Many  of  them  were  truly  converted,  baptized, 
and  received  into  the  fellowship  of  the  Reformed  Church  of  Albany.  The 
baptismal  register  of  that  church  contains  the  names  of  these  converts,  of 
whom  the  greater  proportion  were  of  adult  years.     (Megapolensis). 

The  work,  so  well  begun  by  this  good  man,  was  carried  on  by  his  suc- 
cessors in  the  pastoral  office.  The  Rev.  Godfriedus  Dellius,  settled  in 
Albany  in  1683,  labored  with  much  success  among  these  red  men.  During 
his  ministry,  in  1691,  the  Indians  petitioned  the  English  Governor,  Henry 
Slaughter,  that  His  Excellency  "will  for  the  future  take  an  especial  care 
that  we  may  be  instructed  in  the  Christian  religion."  The  Governor  re- 
turned a  favorable  reply.  In  1703  the  Rev.  Mr.  Lydius,  the  successor  of 
Dellius,  labored  among  the  Mphawks,  receiving  the  countenance  of  the 
Governor,  and  having  from  him  a  special  pecuniary  provision  in  considera- 


HISTORY    OF    FOREIGN    MISSIONS  l8l 

tion  of  the  work.  When  Lydius  died  there  were  thirty  Indian  Communi- 
cants in  the  church  of  Albany.     (Dellius,  Lydius). 

The  success  of  the  work  attracted  attention  in  Great  Britain,  and  in  A 
Nciv  Geographical  and  Historical  Grammar,  edited  by  a  Mr.  Salmon,  and 
published  in  London,  in  1760,  it  is  said  in  regard  to  the  Mohawks:  "At 
Albany  they  are  all  brought  to  the  profession  of  Christianity,  and  all 
baptized ;  and  some  of  them  seem  to  have  a  tolerable  notion  of  it,  and  have 
earnestly  desired  a  missionary  to  be  sent  among  them ;  and  to  encourage 
this  good  disposition  in  them,  the  Society  (for  the  Propagation  of  the 
Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts)  appointed  a  catechist  among  them,  a  native  of 
America,  who  has  resided  among  them  and  applied  himself  to  the  study  of 
their  language,  and  met  with  very  good  success."  The  Rev.  Mr.  Freeman 
also,  the  pastor  of  the  Reformed  Church  of  Schenectady,  about  1700, 
took  great  pains  to  instruct  the  Mohawks  who  came  to  that  town.  He 
reported  to  the  society  already  mentioned  that  "he  had  translated  into 
Indian  the  morning  and  evening  prayers  of  our  liturgy,  the  whole  Gospel 
of  St.  Matthew,  the  first  three  chapters  of  Genesis,  several  chapters  of 
Exodus,  several  Psalms,  many  portions  of  the  Scriptures  relating  to  the 
birth,  passion,  resurrection,  and  ascension  of  our  Lord,  and  several  chap- 
ters of  the  First  Epistle  to  the  Corinthians,  particularly  the  fifteenth  chap- 
ter, proving  the  resurrection  of  the  dead."  He  also  translated  the  Ten 
Commandments  and  the  Apostles'  Creed.  These  translations  were  pre- 
sented to  the  society,  and  some  of  them  were  printed  in  the  city  of  New 
York  about  1713.     (Freeman). 

Through  the  West  India  Company,  also,  the  Church  of  Holland  sent 
many  ministers  to  Cape  Colony,  and  the  negroes  of  the  vicinity  were  not 
forgotten. 

The  English  East  India  Company  was  antagonistic  to  mission  work  until 
1813,  when  the  rising  missionary  spirit  of  Great  Britain  compelled  it  to 
yield.  Something,  however,  had  already  been  accomplished  in  India.  The 
Danish  Company  was  the  means  of  greatly  helping  the  famous  Tranquebar 
Mission  in  southeastern  Hindustan  (1708-98)  and  some  other  fields  of  less 
note.  The  rise  of  Puritanism,  also,  in  England  (1550),  with  its  demands 
for  a  purer  church  and  a  more  Scriptural  polity,  and  of  Pietism,  in  Ger- 
many, about  1670,  with  the  influence  of  Spener,  Francke,  and  Zinzendorf 
for  missions,  constitute  bright  chapters  in  the  history  of  the  later  prepara- 
tion of  the  church  for  her  world-wide  duty. 

The  charters  of  the  American  colonies,  also,  all  contained  clauses  con- 
cerning the  duty  of  evangelizing  the  natives.  Indeed,  the  Puritans  had 
the  extension  of  Christ's  Kingdom  definitely  in  mind  in  their  emigration. 
In  1649  a  company  was  actually  organized  in  England,  during  Cromwell's 
administration,  for  the  propagation  of  the  Gospel  in  New  England.  It 
was  this  society,  under  the  lead  of  the  liberal  Robert  Boyle,  which  sup- 
])orted  Eliot  and  the  Mayhews  and  other  missionaries  in  New  England; 
and  the  two  editions  of  Eliot's  Indian  Bible — 1664  and  1685 — were  printed 
at  the  expense  of  this  society.  In  1698,  Domine  Selyns  in  New  York 
sent  to  Boston  for  a  copy  of  this  Bible  as  an  evidence  of  the  progress  in 


l82  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

missions.  This  first  copy,  sent  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  was  captured 
by  the  French.  A  second  copy  was  sent  and  is  now  in  a  Hbrary  at  Middel- 
burg,  Holland.* 

In  1701  the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts  was 
chartered  in  England.  Until  1800  the  eflforts  of  this  society  were  chiefly 
directed  to  the  support  of  Episcopal  clergymen  in  the  colonies ;  yet  some 
work  was  done  among  the  Indians.  In  the  correspondence  of  its  ministers 
frequent  mention  is  also  made  of  the  labors  of  Dutch  ministers  among  the 
Indians.*  In  1709  the  Society  for  Propagating  Christian  Knowledge  was 
formed  in  Scotland,  and  in  1741  a  Board  of  Correspondence  was  established 
in  New  York.  Under  their  care  Horton  and  the  Brainerds  labored  among 
the  Indians  on  Long  Island  and  in  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania,  and  were 
supported  by  the  churches  generally.  In  1763  the  Presbyterian  Synod  of 
New  York  ordered  collections  to  be  taken  up  in  all  churches.  Work  was 
begun  among  the  Oneidas  in  1766,  and  shortly  after  in  Ohio.  The  troubles 
then  existing  in  the  Dutch  Church  may  have  prevented  any  very  active 
co-operation  in  this  movement. 

Then  there  were  also  the  later  Moravians,  from  1732  and  onward,  with 
their  zeal  and  self-denial,  with  their  remarkable  series  of  missions  in  the 
most  unpropitious  places — an  ever-living  example  to  the  whole  church 
of  Christ. 

In  the  meantime  the  rise  and  progress  of  Methodism  in  England,  1738, 
under  the  Wesleys  and  Whitefield,  was  a  great  preparation  for  the  proper 
development  of  the  true  missionary  spirit.  Thomas  Coke  became  the 
famous  leader  in  this  division  of  the  work.  Such  were  some  of  the  earlier 
Protestant  efiforts,  and  such  some  of  the  Providential  preparations  for  the 
rise  of  modern  missions. 

The  last  decade  of  the  eighteenth  century  witnessed  a  revival  in  the  in- 
terest of  missions.  Then  arose  throughout  Protestant  Christendom  a 
general  desire  and  determination  to  organize  definitely  for  the  conversion 
of  the  whole  world.  There  was  in  that  decade  an  evident  outpouring  of 
the  Spirit  of  God  upon  all  parts  of  Christendom,  to  begin  this  new,  great 
enterprise.  As  far  back  as  1744  Whitefield  had  proposed  that  special  hours 
of  prayer  should  be  observed  for  the  pouring  out  of  the  Spirit  anew  on  the 
churches  and  on  the  whole  earth.  Also,  in  1747,  Edwards  had  published 
his  pamphlet  exhorting  God's  people  to  union  in  "extraordinary  prayer 
for  the  revival  of  religion  and  the  advancement  of  Christ's  Kingdom 
upon  earth."  In  1784  Carey  repeated  and  emphasized  the  same  thoughts. 
Many  prayers  were  oflfered,  and  in  answer  to  them  the  spirit  of  in- 
difference among  professed  Christians  began  to  melt  away.  In  the  Church 
of  England,  also  about  this  time,  rose  up  such  men  as  Thomas  Scott,  the 
commentator ;  Simeon,  the  evangelical  sermonizer ;  John  Newton,  the 
Venns,  Wilberforce,  Cowper,  and  Lady  Huntington.     These   were  choice 


'Dr.  E.  T.  Corwin  made  inquiry  for  this  copy  of  Eliot's  Indian  Bible 
•when  in  Holland  in  1897,  and  learned  this  fact. 

^See  Anderson's  "Annals  of  Colonial  Ch.";  Humphrey's  "Hist.  Col.  Ch."; 
■"Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,"  vol.  iii,  pp.  591.  598,  698,  etc.;  "Classified  Digest  of  the 
Records  of  the  Soc.  for  Prop.  Gospel,"  London,  1894. 


HISTORY    OF    FOREIGN    MISSION'S  1 83 

Spirits,  all  deeplj'  interested  in  reviving  the  church  at  home  and  in  sending 
the  Gospel  to  the  ends  of  the  earth. 

But  the  moving  spirit,  whom  God  raised  up  for  the  formal  initiation  of 
the  great  enterprise,  was  William  Carey,  an  English  Baptist  minister, 
living  on  a  salary  of  $75  per  year.  He  urged  united  prayer,  and  those  pray- 
ers were  answered.  At  length,  in  the  little  back  parlor  of  a  poor  widow, 
twelve  believers  met  and  subscribed  fi2,  2s.  6d.,  and  upon  such  a  basis 
of  faith  and  works  they  formed  "A  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel 
Among  the  Heathen."  And  this  was  the  definite  beginning  of  "modern 
missions."  Carey  offered  to  go  to  India.  The  English  East  India  Com- 
pany would  not  take  him  on  their  ships.  He  finally  secured  passage  on  a 
Danish  East  Indiaman,  and  sailed  in  June,  1793.  He  met  with  an  un- 
welcome reception  at  Calcutta.  His  friends  heard  nothing  from  him  in 
fourteen  months.     Then  letters  were  received  full  of  joy  and  faith. 

The  Christian  heart  of  England  was  touched  at  such  faith  and  perse- 
verance. In  1795  began  a  series  of  missionary  meetings  in  London.  The 
Independents  called  on  all  Christians  to  unite  for  the  conversion  of  the 
world.  Two  sermons  were  preached  on  Missions  daily  for  three  successive 
days.  The  London  Missionary  Society  was  speedily  organized,  composed 
of  Independents,  Presbyterians,  and  Episcopalians.  The  country  ministers 
at  once  subscribed  £750.  The  flames  spread  all  over  Great  Britain.  Sub- 
scriptions came  in  abundantly.  Societies  were  formed  in  Edinburgh  and 
Glasgow.  This  then  novel  idea — missions  to  the  ivhole  K'or/d  took  possession 
of  many  hearts.  In  another  year  the  voluntary  contributions  amounted  to 
£10,000.  A  ship  was  brought,  the  "Duflf,"  and  fitted  up,  and  a  company  of 
four  ministers  and  twenty-five  others  sailed  on  Aug.  10,  1796,  for  Polynesia, 
in  connection  with  most  impressive  services,  in  which  clergymen  of  all 
denominations  joined. 

The  following  year  was  a  year  of  prayer  throughout  Great  Britain  for 
God's  blessing  on  the  world.  Tidings  came  of  movements  everywhere  to 
raise  funds  and  secure  men  to  go  to  the  heathen  world.  In  1799,  chiefly 
through  the  efforts  of  the  Evangelical  Simeon  of  the  Church  of  England, 
but  aided  by  Venn  and  Wilberforce,  "The  Church  Missionary  Society" 
was  organized.  In  all,  within  seven  years  after  that  meeting  in  the  widow 
Wallis'  back  parlor,  there  were  seven  great  societies  started  in  Great 
Britain,  all  of  which  have  now  been  in  operation  for  more  than  a  century, 
laboring  in  all  parts  of  the  world.  Carey's  life  of  usefulness,  after  having 
published  from  his  press,  at  Calcutta,  no  less  than  twenty-six  diflferent  ver- 
sions of  the  Scriptures,  ended  in  1834.  Scores  of  societies  have  sprung  up 
in  Great  Britain  since,  and  many  millions  of  pounds  have  been  voluntarily 
given  toward  the  evangelization  of  the  world. 

A  similar  interest  sprang  up  about  the  same  time  in  Germany,  Holland, 
Sweden,  and  Switzerland,  and  in  these  countries  many  societies  were  also 
organized,  all  of  which  at  once  entered  into  correspondence  with  the 
London  society. 

The  various  denominations  in  America  had  just  become  reorganized  as 
Churches — entirely  independent  of  European  control,  when  the  accounts  of 


184  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Carey's  Society  and  the  London  Missionary  Society  reached  their  ears. 
They  felt  the  necessity  of  immediately  taking  part  in  this  great  scheme,  yet 
so  novel,  the  conversion  of  the  whole  world.  In  connection  with  this  the 
closing  years  of  that  century  witnessed  a  revival  of  wonderful  power  in 
America,  which  destroyed  much  of  the  evil  effects,  morally  considered,  of 
the  Revolution  ;  and  missionary  societies  sprung  up  everywhere.  But  we 
now  limit  our  account  chiefly  to  the  Reformed  (Dutch)  Church. 

THE    REFORMED     (dUTCH)     CHURCH     AND     MISSIONS — FIRST    PERIOD — EARLY 
EFFORTS     (1796-1832). 

In  November,  1796,  the  New  York  Missionary  Society  was  formed  in 
the  city  of  New  York.  The  Presbyterian,  Reformed,  and  Baptist  churches 
were  represented  in  its  membership.  During  the  first  year  of  its  existence 
one  thousand  dollars  were  contributed  for  the  support  of  its  work.  The 
first  missionary,  the  Rev.  Joseph  Bullen,  was  sent  to  the  Chickasaw  Indians, 
in  Georgia ;  aid  was  granted  to  the  Rev.  John  Sergeant,  a  missionary  to  the 
Stockbridge  Indians,  Connecticut ;  and  an  Indian  preacher,  named  Paul 
Cuffee,  was  supported  amongst  the  Indians  of  Suffolk  County,  Long  Island. 
In  1800  the  society  added  a  missionary  to  the  Tuscaroras  and  Senecas  in 
Western  New  York,  employing  also,  by  his  request,  Nicholas  Cusick  as  a 
native  helper.  This  work  was  continued  with  considerable  success  for  a 
number  of  years. 

The  first  extant  list  of  officers  published  in  1799,  has  the  following 
names : 

John  Rodgers,  D.D.,  President. 

John  H.  Livingston,  D.D.,  Vice-President. 

Mr.  Divie  Bethune,  Treasurer. 

Rev.  John  M.  Mason,  Secretary. 

Rev.  Samuel  Miller,  Clerk. 

William  Linn,  D.D.,  John  McKnight,  D.D.,  Rev.  Gerardus  Kuypers, 
Rev.  John  N.  Abeel,  Peter  Wilson,  LL.D..  Thomas  Mackaness,  Esq.,  An- 
thony Post,  Esq.,  Leonard  Bleecker,  Esq.,  Mr.  George  Lindsay.  Mr.  George 
Warner,  Mr.  John  Bingham,  Mr.  John  Mills,  Directors. 

A  remarkable  feature  of  the  method  adopted  by  this  organization  is  found 
in  the  "Plan  for  social  prayer,"  adopted  Jan.  18,  1798.  By  this  plan  a  union 
prayer-meeting  was  established  by  these  resolutions : 

"i.  .That  the  second  Wednesday  evening  of  every  month,  beginning  at 
candlelight,  be  observed,  from  February  next,  by  the  members  of  the 
society,  and  all  who  are  willing  to  join  with  them,  for  the  purpose  of  offer- 
ing up  their  prayers  and  supplications  to  the  God  of  grace,  that  He  would 
be  pleased  to  pour  out  His  Spirit  on  His  Churc/i,  and  send  his  Gospel  to  all 
nations;  and  that  He  would  succeed  the  endeavors  of  this  society,  and  all 
societies  instituted  on  the  same  principles,  and  for  the  same  ends. 

"2.  That  these  evenings  of  prayer  be  observed  in  rotation,  in  the  churches 
of  this  city  to  whose  judicatories  they  may  be  acceptable,  and  of  which 
there  is  a  minister  belonging  to  this  society;  beginning  with  the  Old  Pres- 
byterian Church  and  proceeding  next  to  the  Scots  Presbyterian   Church, 


HISTORY    OF    FOREIGN    MISSIONS  185 

next  to  the  New  Dutch  Church,  next  to  the  First  Baptist  Church,  next  to 
the  Brick  Presbyterian  Church,  next  to  the  North  Dutch  Church,  and  then 
the  service  to  revert  to  the  place  it  began ;  provided  that,  if  the  ministers  of 
any  other  churches  become  members  of  the  society,  a  due  proportion  of  the 
services,  in  the  regular  course,  be  performed  in  said  churches." 

This  custom  had  in  it  the  germ  of  the  monthly  concert. 

In  1800  the  "New  York  Missionary  Magazine"  was  established,  and  in 
it  reports  were  given  of  the  operations  of  this  society,  with  letters  from  the 
missionaries,  as  well  as  accounts  of  the  work  of  the  London  Missionary 
Society  and  others.     It  continued  to  be  issued  for  four  years. ^ 

Powerful  missionary  sermons  were  preached  under  the  auspices  of  the 
New  York  Society  which  did  much  to  arouse  a  missionary  spirit  in  the 
churches.  On  Nov.  7,  1797,  Rev.  Dr.  John  M.  Mason  preached  a  memorable 
sermon  in  the  Presbyterian  Church,  in  Wall  street,  on  "Messiah's  Throne," 
from  Hebrews  i,  8:  "Thy  throne,  O  God,  is  forever  and  ever."*  The 
audience  is  described  as  "crowded,  attentive,  and  serious,  and  the  collec- 
tion made  after  the  sermon  was  large,  and  did  great  honor  to  the  liberality 
of  the  citizens  of  New  York."  On  April  23,  1799  (the  annual  meeting 
having  been  adjourned  from  November,  1798,  on  account  of  the  ravages 
of  the  yellow  fever).  Rev.  Dr.  John  H.  Livingston  preached  in  the  Scotch 
Presbyterian  Church,  in  Cedar  street,  his  famous  sermon  on  "The  Glory 
of  the  Redeemer,"  from  Col.  iii,  11:  "Christ  is  all  in  all."  The  Rev.  Drs. 
John  Rodgers,  John  McKnight,  William  Linn,  John  N.  Abeel,  and  many 
others,  also  preached  great  missionary  sermons  during  these  years  ;  but, 
perhaps,  the  most  powerful  o1  all  was  one  by  Dr.  Livingston,  in  1804,  on 
"The  Everlasting  Gospel."  This  was  also  delivered  in  the  Cedar  street 
church,  and  was  from  the  text  Rev.  xiv,  6-7 :  "And  I  saw  another  angel  fly 
in  the  midst  of  heaven,  having  The  Everlasting  Gospel  to  preach  unto 
them  that  dwell  upon  the  earth,"  etc.  These  sermons  were  generally  re- 
peated in  other  places  and  printed  and  extensively  read.  They  were  like 
a  clarion  call  from  heaven  in  their  efforts,  and  wondrously  stimulated  the 
missionary  spirit. 

The  Northern  Missionary  Society  was  formed  during  a  meeting  held  at 
Lansingburgh,  N.  Y.,  on  the  nth  of  January,  1797,  when  a  constitution 
was  provisionally  adopted,  and  adjourned  to  meet  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  on 
Feb.  14,  1797,  when  the  constitution  was  amended,  altered,  and  finally 
adopted.  This  society  included  ministers  and  members  of  the  Reformed, 
Presbyterian,  and  Baptist  churches.  The  officers  for  the  first  year,  most 
of  whom  were  continued  for  several  years,  were  as  follows: 

Rev.  Dirck  Romeyn,  D.D.,  President. 

Rev.  James   Proudfit,  Vice-President. 

Rev.  John  Bassett,  Secretary. 

Rev.  Jonas  Coe,  Clerk. 

Rev.  Elbert  Willet,  Treasurer. 


<The  volume  for  1800  contains  480  pages,  and  is  the  principal  authority 
for  facts  about  the  founding  of  the  N.  Y.  Missionary  Society. 
•Still  to  be  had  of  the  Tract  Society. 


l86  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA 

Revs.  Dr.  John  B.  Smith,  John  Close,  Samuel  Smith,  Isaac  Labagh,  John 
B.  Johnson,  David  S.  Bogart,  William  McCauley.  Daniel  Marsh,  James 
Mairs,  John  Dunlap,  Anthony  T.  Brunn,  Robert  F.  Smith,  Alexander 
Proudfit,  Jacob  Sickles,  General  James  Gordon,  Hunloche  Woodruff,  M.D., 
Messrs.  Ebenezer  Clark,  Abraham  Eights,  Isaac  Hutton,  Jacob  Vander- 
heyden,  Abraham  Hunn,  General  Abraham  Outhout,  Messrs.  Elijah  Janes, 
Cornelius   P.   Wyckoff,   Directors. 

This  association  was  similar  to  that  organized  in  New  York  City.  It 
continued  to  e.xist  till  about  1830.  It  sent  missionaries  to  the  Indians  of 
Central  and  Western  New  York.  Many  were  instructed  in  the  truth,  and 
led  to  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

About  the  year  1800  missionary  societies  were  formed  in  Connecticut, 
New  Jersey,  Massachusetts,  and  New  Hampshire.  All  instructed  the 
Indians  in  the  Word  of  God;  all  also  kept  in  view  the  work  of  evangeliz- 
ing pagan  nations.  The  magazines  published  by  these  organizations  re- 
ported the  work  of  the  Moravians,  of  the  London  Missionary  Society,  then 
engaged  on  the  South  Sea  Islands,  and  of  the  attempts  made  to  introduce 
the  Gospel  among  the  people  of  Africa  and  India.  By  this  intelligence,  by 
the  sermons  preached,  the  appeals  made,  a  missionary  spirit  was  awakened 
in  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  which  culminated  in  the  formation  of 
the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions,  in  1810.  In 
181 1  the  Berean  Society  was  organized  in  the  New  Brunswick  Seminary 
for  practical  improvement  in  piety  and  to  gain  missionary  intelligence.  In 
1820  it  was  changed  into  the  Society  of  Inquiry  concerning  mission  fields. 
The  American  Board  suggested,  in  181 1,  to  the  General  Assembly  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  the  formation  in  New  York  of  a  body  similar  to  the 
American  Board,  to  co-operate  with  it ;  but  owing  to  the  extensive  engage- 
ments of  that  church  it  did  not  seem  feasible. 

In  1816  an  invitation  was  received  from  the  General  Assembly  of  the 
Presbyterian  Church  by  the  General  Synod  "to  appoint  commissioners  to 
meet  commissioners  of  the  General  Assembly,  for  the  purpose  of  arranging 
a  plan  for  the  formation  of  a  Society  for  Foreign  Missions."  Seven  com- 
missioners were  appointed,  five  ministers  and  two  elders.  The  result  of 
their  deliberations  was  the  formation  of  the  United  Missionary  Society, 
"composed  of  the  Presbyterian,  Dutch  Reformed  and  Associate  Reformed 
Churches,  and  all  others  who  may  choose  to  join  with  them."  The  con- 
stitution of  the  new  society  was  submitted  to  the  General  Synod  in  1817.' 
The  object  stated  therein  was  "To  spread  the  Gospel  among  the  Indians'  of 
North  America,  the  inhabitants  of  Mexico  and  South  America,  ajid  in  other 
portions  of  the  heathen  and  anti-Christian  world."  Alissionaries  were  to 
be  "elected  from  the  three  churches  indiscriminately,"  and  an  annual  report 
to  be  made  to  the  highest  judicatory  of  the  three  denominations  for  their 
information.  The  constitution  was  approved  by  Synod,  and  it  was  "rec- 
ommended to  all  ministers  and  churches  to  give  the  measure  their  active 


""Minutes  General  Synod."  1816,  pp.  16,  17;  1817,  pp.  6,  39,  40:    1818.  p.  37. 
'In  1821  Dr.  Milledoler  makes  a  covenant  with  the  Osage  Indians  on  th« 
Missouri  to  receive  a  missionary.      ("Missionary  Herald,"   1821,  p.   26.) 


HISTORY    OF    FOREIGN'    MISSIONS  iS/ 

support."  A  committee  was  also  appointed,  consisting  of  Dr.  Philip  Mille- 
doler  and  Elder  Stephen  van  Rensselaer,  to  meet  with  other  committees 
for  the  purpose  of  carrying  the  plan  into  execution.  Thus  was  the  Re- 
formed Dutch  Church,  for  the  first  time  in  this  country,  formally  com- 
mitted to  the  work  of  executir.g  the  high  commission  of  her  Lord.  The 
missions  and  property  of  the  New  York  Missionary  Society  were  trans- 
ferred to  the  United  Missionary  Society  in  1821. 

In  1818  the  above  recommendation  was  earnestly  renewed,  and  it  was  also 
resolved  that,  "at  some  convenient  time  during  the  session  of  every  Synod. 
a  missionary  sermon  be  preached  before  Synod  and  a  collection  be  taken 
for  missionary  purposes."  This  excellent  provision  continued  in  force  until 
i860,  though  the  "collection"  seems  to  have  lapsed  at  an  earlier  period. 
Many  of  the  most  eminent  names  in  the  ministry  of  the  Church  are  found 
in  the  list  of  preachers. 

It  was  during  the  existence  of  this  society,  although  not  under  its  care, 
that  John  Scudder,  M.D.,  went  to  India  (1819).  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Dutch  church  in  Franklin  street,  New  York.  While  in  professional  attend- 
ance on  a  lady,  he  read,  in  an  anteroom,  the  tract,  "The  Conversion  of  the 
World;  or.  The  Claims  of  Six  Hundred  Millions."  He  was  so  deeply 
affected  thereby  that  he  soon  consecrated  himself  to  mission  work.  He 
went  to  India  as  a  physician  under  the  American  Board;  but  on  May  15. 

1821,  he  was  ordained  by  a  company  of  ministers  in  Ceylon,  composed  of 
Baptists.    Methodists    and    Congregationalists.      (See    Missionary    Herald, 

1822,  p.  171).     (Scudder,  John). 

The  United  Missionary  Society  operated  chiefly,  if  not  altogether,  among 
the  American  Indians.  But  in  a  few  years  pecuniary  embarrassments  in- 
creased and  it  was  proposed  that  it  should  be  united  with  the  American 
Board.  The  matter  was  earnestly  discussed  in  the  General  Synod  and 
many  ministers  opposed  it.    In  1826  two  definite  acts  were  proposed : 

1.  Consenting  to  the  amalgamation  of  the  United  Missionary  Society  with 
the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions.  This  was 
accomplished  and  the  United  Society  ceased  to  exist. 

2.  Recommending  to  the  Missionary  Board  of  the  Church,  established  in 
1822,  and  which  had  been  hitherto  wholly  domestic  in  its  operations,  "to 
consider  the  propriety  of  taking  measures  to  begin  missionary  operations 
among  the  aborigines  of  our  own  country  and  clseti'here.'"^  Gentle  as  was 
this  latter  recommendation,  and  sanctioned  by  the  course  of  other  churches, 
it  seems  to  have  frightened  some  in  the  church  who  afterward  became 
leaders  in  the  cause  of  Foreign  Missions. 

The  committee  of  1827  reported:  "Your  committee  is  not  aware  what 
considerations  led  the  last  Synod  to  recommend  a  Foreign  Mission  by  our 
church  in  her  individual  capacity.  Yet  as  it  has  been  recommended,  as  the 
board  has  made  progress  in  preparatory  steps,  and  it  has  gone  before  the 
churches,  they  feel  themselves  to  be  so  delicately  situated  as  to  be  unable  to 
suggest  any  measures  in  relation  to  it,  though  as  a  committee  they  con- 
sider it  matter  of  very  doubtful  expediency." 


'"Minutes  General   Synod."   1826.   pp.   58-61;     1827,   pp.   74-77. 


iSS  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

It  is  not  difficult,  now,  to  perceive  what  the  reasons  were  which  moved 
some  in  the  church  to  propose  action  of  such  "doubtful  expediency."  The 
earlier  missions  of  the  American  Board  had  been  successfully  established; 
through  the  baptism  by  immersion  of  Judson  and  Rice  the  great  Baptist 
denomination  had  become  interested  in  Foreign  Missions  and  the  Baptist 
Missionary  Union  organized ;  the  life  and  death  of  Harriet  Newell,  the 
character,  remarkable  career  and  heroic  sufferings  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Judson 
— these  and  many  other  influences  had  awakened  a  widespread  interest  in' 
the  subject  throughout  all  the  churches.  Added  to  this  the  letters  and  ad- 
dresses of  Dr.  John  Scudder,  from  Ceylon,  may  be  supposed  to  have 
quickened  the  faith  and  zeal  of  many  in  the  church  to  which  he  belonged, 
and  to  have  suggested  the  idea  of  a  distinct  call  to  and  responsibility  for 
such  work  which  could  only  be  met  by  effort  "in  her  individual  capacity." 
The  spirit  that  would  finally  lead  to  such  effort  was  present  and  growing. 

It  was  during  this  period  that  the  Rev.  David  Abeel  was  sent  in  1829  by 
the  Seamen's  Friend  Society  to  Canton  as  a  chaplain.  Mrs.  Thomas  C. 
Doremus  was  present  at  his  departure  from  Boston,  and  this  was,  perhaps, 
the  public  beginning  of  her  untiring  zeal  for  almost  half  a  century  in  the 
missionary  cause.  It  was  thought  that  by  such  an  appointment  Mr.  Abeel 
would  be  enabled  to  learfi  the  language,  become  acquainted  with  the  cus- 
toms of  China,  and  perhaps  to  preach  the  Gospel  to  the  people.  In  the 
course  of  the  year  Mr.  Abeel  became  a  missionary  of  the  American  Board 
in  Java.  He  traveled  much  in  the  Indian  Archipelago  and  elsewhere, 
seeking  hopeful  fields  of  labor.  His  character  and  work  increased  the 
interest  already  existing.  He  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  American  mis- 
sions in  China.  Few  men  accomplished  more  in  conciliating  the  Chinese, 
in  informing  the  Christians  of  England  and  America  respecting  that  great 
nation  and  in  awakening  an  interest  in  their  condition.     (Abeel,  David). 

SECOND    PERIOD CO-OPERATION    WITH    THE    AMERICAN    BOARD,    1832-1857. 

In  1831  the  Committee  on  Missions  reported  to  the  General  Synod:  "We 
believe  the  time  is  not  far  distant  when  it  (a  Foreign  Mission)  may  be 
undertaken  with  good  prospect  of  success.  But  the  committee  is  of  the 
opinion  that  the  time  has  not  yet  arrived."'  It  was  probably  nearer  than 
this  committee  was  ready  to  believe.  For  there  were  not  a  few  in  the 
Reformed  Church  who  were  not  altogether  pleased  that  the  contributions  of 
the  Dutch  churches  were  used  only  for  the  organization  and  support  of 
Congregational  churches  in  heathen  lands,  and  that  no  provision  was  made 
for  the  establishment  of  churches  of  their  own  order.  This  dissatisfaction 
increased  until  1832,  when  a  plan  was  adopted  by  the  board  and  the  church, 
under  which  the  church,  while  retaining  the  advantages  of  a  connection 
with  the  American  Board,  was  allowed  to  conduct  missions  according  to  its 
own  ecclesiastical  polity. 

The  minutes  of  the  Particular  Synod  of  New  York  for  1832  contained 
"a  recommendation  of  the  subject  of  Foreign  Missions  to  the  immediate 
and  prayerful  consideration  of  the  General  Synod."    A  similar  recommen- 


•"Minutes  General   Synod,"   1831.   pp.    380-1. 


HISTORY    OF    FOREIGN    MISSIONS  189 

dation  was  found  in  the  minutes  of  the  Particular  Synod  of  Albany.  As 
these  were  the  only  Synods  at  that  time,  it  was  manifest  that  the  entire 
church  was  awakened  to  the  importance  of  this  subject.  The  considerations 
presented  were  the.  following: 

1.  That  it  is  the  Lord's  design  that  the  Gospel  should  be  preached  to 
every  creature. 

2.  That  there  are  in  the  Scriptures  a  variety  of  passages  which  guarantee 
its  success. 

3.  That  the  Great  Commission  has  as  yet  been  very  imperfectly  executed. 

4.  That  the  signs  of  the  times  indicate  that  its  accomplishment  is  near 
at  hand. 

5.  That  it  is  to  be  accomplished  by  human  instrumentality,  blessed  of  God 
for  the  purpose. 

6.  That  it  is  the  duty  of  every  denomination,  church,  and  Christian  to  aid 
in  the  great  work  by  any  means  in  their  power. 

7.  That  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  has  never  entered  into  the  work 
with  a  spirit  proportioned  to  its  means  or  its  duty. 

8.  That  a  more  favorable  opportunity  now  exists  than  has,  perhaps,  ever 
before  occurred,  to  enter  upon  it,  inasmuch  as  one  of  her  own  sons  (Abeel) 
has  devoted  himself  to  it,  is  now  engaged  in  exploring  hopeful  fields  of 
labor,  will  probably  soon  return  to  this  country  and  might  for  a  season  be 
happily  employed  in  rousing  the  attention  and  energies  of  the  church  and 
enlisting  the  hearts  of  our  pious  young  men  in  the  work."'     .     .     . 

The  question  of  duty  was  then  considered  in  this  report  and  next,  the 
method  of  operation — independently  or  in  union  with  others.  The  latter 
plan  was  decided  on.  They  needed  the  experience  of  an  older  board.  It 
was  believed  that  the  American  Board  would  allow  the  Dutch  Church  the 
choice  of  its  missionaries,  stations  "and  the  direction,  with  respect  to  the 
organization  and  order  of  the  churches  which  might  he  formed,  thus  giving 
us  the  full  advantage  of  all  our  means  for  planting  churches  in  foreign 
lands." 

To  the  recommendations  above  referred  to  the  General  Synod  wisely 
listened.  A  committee  was  appointed  at  its  session  in  June  for  the  pur- 
pose of  conferring  with  the  American  Board,  and  in  the  hope  that  such  a 
connection  might  be  formed  with  it  "as  would  enable  us  to  maintain  a  For- 
eign Mission  of  our  own  and  at  the  same  time  avail  ourselves  of  all  their 
experience."  The  proposition  was  cordially  received  by  that  body  and  at 
the  October  session  of  the  Synod  the  committee  was  able  to  report  a  plan 
of  co-operation  with  it.  The  plan  was  approved  and  adopted  by  the 
Synod."  A  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church, 
consisting  of  fifteen  members,  was  appointed,  and  the  whole  subject  was 
"aflfectionately  recommended  to  the  churches  and  ministers  under  the  care 
of  the  Synod  and  their  prayers  and  exertions  for  the  promotion  and  suc- 
cess of  Foreign  Missions  earnestly  solicited." 

As  organized  in  1832,  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  consisted  of  fifteen 


""'Minute.s  General  Synod."   1832,  pp.   88-90. 
""Minutes  General  Synod,"  1832,   pp.    138-141. 


190  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

members,  nine  ministers  and  six  laymen.  They  were  among  the  most 
honored  representatives  of  the  church — Drs.  Knox,  AIcMurray,  De  Witt, 
Ludlow,  Matthews,  Ferris ;  Revs.  Strong,  Gosman  and  Dubois ;  Alessrs. 
Peter  D.  Vroom,  Isaac  Young,  Wm.  R.  Thompson,  J..  V.  B.  Varick,  John 
D.  Keese  and  Jeremiah  Johnson. 

Under  the  agreement  with  the  American  Board,  the  contributions  of  our 
churches  were  allowed  "to  flow  into  our  own  treasury,  to  be  appropriated 
through  the  medium  of  the  American  Board  to  missionaries  from  our  own 
church,  or  to  such  missionaries  and  such  objects  as  may  be  specially  selected 
and  approved."  Missionaries  approved  by  our  Board  were  to  be  recom- 
mended to  and  accepted  by  the  Prudential  Committee,  and  the  conduct  of 
the  Missions  was  to  be  left  in  the  hands  of  that  Committee.  Thus  the  new 
Board  was  to  have  all  the  advantage  of  the  experience  and  facilities  of  the 
older. 

The  American  Board,  as  has  been  seen,  already  numbered  among  its 
missionaries  two  honored  sons  of  the  Dutch  Church — the  Rev.  John  Scud- 
der,  M.D.,  of  Pandeteripo,  Ceylon,  and  Rev.  David  Abeel.  In  this  same 
year  Dr.  Scudder  had  issued  his  earnest  appeal  to  physicians  in  reference 
to  mission  work.  One  of  the  first  steps  taken  by  the  new  Board,  after  its 
organization,  was  formally  to  take,  in  April,  1833,  these  two  brethren 
"under  its  patronage.'"^  A  letter  addressed  to  the  ministers  of  the  Re- 
formed Dutch  Church,  calling  their  attention  to  "the  state  of  the  heathen 
in  these  parts,"  was  shortly  after  received  from  Dr.  Scudder  and  published 
by  order  of  the  Board.  By  its  direction,  also.  Dr.  Livingston's  great 
sermon,  preached  in  1804  and  entitled  "The  Everlasting  Gospel,"  was  re- 
published and  widely  circulated."  Dr.  Abeel  was  invited  to  return  to  this 
country  and  present  the  cause  of  Missions  among  the  churches.  The  inter- 
est thus  fostered  grew  apace  and  the  Board  soon  felt  warranted  in  attempt- 
ing to  establish  a  new  Mission,  to  be  manned  entirely  by  the  church  and 
supported  by  it.    The  receipts  reported  in  1833  were  $2,106. 

The  Rev.  David  Abeel  suggested  that  if  a  conference  were  had  with  the 
Netherlands  Missionary  Society,  the  Reformed  Church  might  be  able  to 
secure  special  facilities  for  conducting  a  mission  within  some  of  the  colonial 
possessions  of  the  Dutch  Government  in  the  East  Indies.  In  1834  his 
"Residence  in  China,"  a  i2mo  volume  of  398  pages  was  published.  The 
same  year  he  received  authority  to  visit  Holland.  After  interviews  with 
men  of  influence  and  authority  there,  he  recommended  to  the  church  here 
to  proceed  to  establish  a  mission  somewhere  within  Netherlands  India. 
He  also  visited  England  on  his  way  home,  and  while  there,  formed  "The 
Society  for  Promoting  Female  Education  in  the  East."  In  the  following 
3'ear  Dr.  Abeel  visited  many  of  our  churches  and  awakened  a  great  interest 
in  the  proposed  work.  Four  young  men  consecrated  themselves  to  the 
service  of  the  church  in  this  new  and  difficult  undertaking.  They  were 
Elihu  Doty,  Elbert  Nevius,  William  Youngblood,  of  the  class  which  gradu- 


""Minutes   General   Synod,"   1832,   p.    232. 

"There  are  two  or  three  copies  of  this  sermon  in  the  Sage  Library, 
bound  up  with  other  pamphlets.  It  was  also  published  in  the  "Chris- 
tian   Intelligencer,"    about    1836. 


HISTORY    OF    FOREIGN    MISSIONS  I9I 

ated  that  year  (1836)  from  the  Theological  Seminary,  and  Jacob  Ennis, 
of  the  class  of  1835.  By  the  action  of  these  brethren  and  their  addresses 
a  more  earnest,  resolute  and  general  missionary  spirit  was  aroused  in  the 
churches  than  had  ever  before  existed.  The  Classis  of  Poughkeepsie.  the 
Missionary  Society  of  the  Broome  Street  Church  of  New  York  and  the 
First  Church  of  Philadelphia,  of  which  Dr.  Bethune  was  pastor,  all  offered 
to  support  missionaries  of  their  own,  the  last  named  choosing  Air.  and  Mrs. 
Nevius.  Miss  Azubah  C.  Condict,  the  sister  of  Mrs.  Xevius.  offered  her- 
self as  an  assistant  missionary  and  was  commissioned.  She  was,  probably, 
the  first  unmarried  lady  to  engage  in  foreign  mission  work.  Borneo  was 
selected  as  the  field  to  be  occupied.  These  young  men  were  ordained 
together  on  May  30,  1836,  in  the  Middle  Dutch  Church  (Lafayette  Place) 
and  the  company  sailed  during  the  sessions  of  the  General  Synod,  com- 
mended to  God  by  the  prayers  of  that  body,  while  the  whole  church  was 
moved  by  the  event. 

In  1838  Abeel  published  his  "Claims  of  the  World  to  the  Gospel,"  and  in 
the  same  year  Revs.  William  J.  Pohlman  and  Frederick  B.  Thompson  were 
accepted  as  mernbers  of  this  mission  and  sailed  for  the  East  Indies. 

In  1840  a  further  re-enforcement  was  sent,  consisting  of  the  Revs.  W.  T. 
Van  Doren  and  Isaac  P.  Stryker.  All  the  ministers  appointed  to  the  mis- 
sion thus  far  were  married  except  Mr.  Stryker. 

In  1842  the  Rev.  Wm.  H.  Steele,  unmarried,  sailed  for  Batavia  to  join 
the  Borneo  Mission. 

The  mission  occupied  two  stations  on  the  Island  of  Borneo,  namely. 
Sambas  and  Pontianak.  Some  of  the  missionaries  devoted  themselves 
chiefly  to  the  Chinese  colonists ;  the  others  labored  amongst  the  Dyaks. 
On  every  Sabbath  there  was  preaching  in  three  languages,  Dyak,  Malay 
and  English,  at  the  mission  church,  and  religious  instruction  was  given 
daily  during  the  week.  A  school  for  Malay  children  was  conducted  by 
Mr.  Youngblood  ;  another,  for  the  Chinese,  by  Mr.  Pohlman.  Nowhere 
were  the  missionaries  assailed  by  ridicule  or  persecution  ;  the  mission  in- 
volved a  very  small  expenditure  of  money,  the  laborers  entreated  long  for 
an  addition  to  their  force,  but  Borneo  was  abandoned.  The  health  of  Mrs. 
Nevius  compelled  her  husband  to  return  with  her.  Mr.  Stryker  died  in 
1842.  Messrs.  Pohlman  and  Doty  left  for  China  in  1844.  In  1847  Thom- 
son died  in  Switzerland  ;  Mr.  Youngblood's  health  failed,  and,  in  1849,  he 
was  compelled  to  return  to  the  United  States;  and  Mr.  Steele  was  sum- 
moned home  to  recruit  his  health  and,  if  possible,  obtain  a  re-enforcement. 
He  made  his  appeal  to  the  Theological  Seminary  and  to  the  churches.  No 
one  offered  to  go  to  Borneo  and  the  mission  was  abandoned. 

It  should  be  mentioned  that  the  government  of  the  Netherlands  com- 
pelled our  missionaries  to  reside  a  year  at  Batavia  before  allowing  them  to 
proceed  to  Borneo.  Mr.  Steele  only  obtained  a  partial  release  from  this 
restriction.  His  residence  in  Batavia  was  not  prolonged  beyond  eight 
months.  The  fact  that  the  Island  of  Borneo  was  ruled  by  the  Kingdom  of 
the  Netherlands  was  productive  of  no  benefit,  yielded  no  facilities  for  the 


192  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

work  to  the  mission  at  any  time.  There  were  in  all  eighteen  persons  sent 
to  this  field.     See  "Appeal  for  the  Borneo  Mission." 

For  list  of  missionaries  of  the  Borneo  Mission  see  Part  III — Indies. 

In  1839  C.  V.  A.  Van  Dyck,  M.D.,  appointed  by  the  American  Board  as 
the  missionary  physician  of  the  Syria  mission,  left  the  Reformed  church 
of  Kinderhook,  N.  Y.,  for  his  field  of  labor.  God  granted  him  the  very 
great  honor  of  completing  the  Arabic  version  of  the  World  of  God  that 
had  been  begun  and  carried  forward  for  some  years  by  Rev.  Eli  Smith, 
D.D.  By  a  council  composed  of  missionaries,  which  held  only  that  meeting, 
Dr.  Van  Dyck  was  ordained  to  the  Gospel  ministry.  From  the  trustees  of 
Rutgers  College  he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity,  never  more 
worthily  bestowed.     (Van  Dyck,  C.  V.  A.) 

In  1858  an  application  was  received  from  the  Rev.  Andrew  Murray,  of 
South  Africa,  to  furnish  the  mission  (of  the  Netherlands)  there  with 
missionaries  from  the  Dutch  Church  in  this  country,  to  aid  them  in  their 
work.  Two  years  later  the  Rev.  Daniel  Lindley,  a  missionary  of  the  A.  B. 
C.  F.  M.  to  the  Zulus  of  Southeastern  Africa,  presented  in  person  a 
similar  request,  with  "interesting  statements  touching  the  condition  and 
needs  of  the  Dutch  churches  in  that  region"  (Natal).  In  neither  case  was 
the  Board  able  to  give'a  favorable  response.     (Lindley,  D.) 

THIRD  PERIOD  :     SEPAR.\TION   FROM   THE  AMERICAN   BOARD   INDEPENDENT 
ACTION,    1857. 

The  arrangement  entered  into  with  the  American  Board  continued  in 
operation  with  uninterrupted  harmony  and  mutual  satisfaction  to  the  two 
Boards  until  1857.  The  interest  and  contributions  of  the  Reformed  Dutch 
Churches  were  concentrated  on  the  missions  in  India  and  China.  The 
missionaries  were  all  from  their  membership  and  naturally  looked  to  the 
Dutch  Church  for  their  support  and  that  of  their  work.  Other  churches,  of 
other  denominations,  also  co-operated  with  the  American  Board.  The 
fond  dream  of  many — of  one  national,  undenominational  agency  for  the 
prosecution  of  Foreign  Missions — was  still  cherished.  There  seemed  noth- 
ing in  the  constitution,  or  in  the  conduct,  of  the  American  Board  to  prevent 
the  indefinite  continuance  and  enlargement  of  such  co-operation. 

It  was  a  fact,  however,  that  union  with  so  large  a  body  of  Christians  and 
Churches  contributing  to  the  American  Board,  seemed  in  a  measure  to  re- 
lieve the  co-operating  denomination  of  a  sense  of  responsibility,  since  its 
deficiencies  could  be  and  sometimes  were  made  up  from  other  sources, 
though  on  the  whole  our  churches  contributed  much  more  than  the  amounts 
expended  on  those  missions.  There  were  many,  therefore,  and  in  increas- 
ing numbers,  who  were  convinced  that  greater  things  would  be  done  and 
the  entire  Church  roused  to  a  deeper  sense  of  responsibility,  if  its  mission- 
ary work  should  be  conducted  independently  by  a  Board  of  its  own.  They 
therefore  desired  the  termination  of  the  relations  with  the  American  Board 
which  had  existed  harmoniously  for  twenty-five  years  and  the  institution 
of  a  distinct  organization. 

For  such  independent  action  the  time  was  ripe  and  the  pressure  at  length 


HISTORY    OF    FOREIGN'    MISSIONS  193 

became  too  strong  to  be  resisted.  In  1856  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions, 
thoroughly  convinced  of  the  wisdom  and  desirabihty  of  such  a  step,  unani- 
mously recommended  "that  the  General  Synod  conduct  their  Foreign  Mis- 
sions in  an  independent  manner."  An  exceedingly  able  report  from  the  pen 
of  Dr.  Isaac  Ferris,  its  President,  presented  with  great  force  the  reasons 
for  such  a  proposition.  But  the  Synod  was  not  then  ready  to  take  action 
and  the  whole  subject  was  referred  to  the  next  General  Synod. 

This  step  was  taken  in  1857."  The  General  Synod  of  that  year  met  at 
Ithaca  and  received  from  the  hand  of  Dr.  Chambers,  as  Chairman  of  the 
Committee  on  Foreign  Missions,  a  convincing  and  masterly  report  in 
advocacy  of  such  separation  and  elaborating  the  reasons  for  it  adduced 
by  Dr.  Ferris.  The  discussions  were  earnest,  elevated  and  of  a  highly 
spiritual  tone.  The  Holy  Spirit's  presence  was  distinctly  manifested  and 
under  His  guidance  this  course  was  resolved  upon,  though  not  without  dis- 
sent from  those  who  thought  the  time  had  not  yet  come,  or  clung  with 
affection  to  the  Board  with  which,  and  its  work,  they  had  been  so-  long 
and  happily  associated.  A  committee  was  appointed  to  negotiate  for  a 
separation.  An  agreement  was  made  and  the  two  Boards  parted  company 
with  mutual  e.xpressions  of  regard,  gratitude  for  the  past  and  hope  for  the 
future.  In  the  same  year  the  American  Board  transferred  to  the  Board 
of  Foreign  Missions  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  the  Amoy  and  Arcot 
Missions  with  the  missionaries  comprising  them.  The  real  estate  and  other 
property  were  transferred  by  deed  Aug.  25,  1858.  The  history  of  the  Board 
and  its  missions  in  succeeding  years  shows  how  amply,  in  the  providence  of 
God,  the  hopes  of  that  day  have  been  realized  and  the  wisdom  vindicated. 

A  simple  comparison  may  here  be  introduced  to  show  how  the  church 
and  its  benevolence  toward  Foreign  Missions  had  increased  during  the 
twenty-five  years  of  co-operative  action.  In  1832,  when  the  first  organiza- 
tion was  accomplished,  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  reported  15,800  families 
and  20,222  communicants.  From  December,  1832,  to  May,  1833,  these 
gave  for  Foreign  Missions  $2,106.12  1-2.  In  1857  the  number  of  families 
was  32,579  and  of  communicants  44,443.  The  contributions  for  Foreign 
Missions  for  the  year  were  $12,303.99  and  for  the  whole  period,  $245,469. 
Seventeen  missionaries,  fifteen  wives  and  one  unmarried  woman,  thirty- 
three  in  all,  had  been  sent  to  Borneo,  China  and  India. 

The  Board  was  reorganized  (1857)"  by  the  addition  of  nine  members, 
making  twenty-four  in  all,  and  was  incorporated  by  the  Legislature  of  New 
York  in  i860.  The  Hon.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen  was  elected  President, 
Dr.  Isaac  Ferris,  Corresponding  Secretary,  and  Mr.  Ezra  A.  Hayt,  Treas- 
urer. The  entire  support  of  the  Amoy  and  Arcot  Missions  was  at  once 
assumed  and  it  was  unanimously  agreed,  informally,  in  February,  1858, 
"that  the  committee  feel  themselves  bound  to  take  the  responsibility  to  send 
any  qualified  young  men  who  might  offer  themselves  for  this  work." 


"See   Minutes  General   Synod.    1857,   pp.   223-236. 

"See  Minutes  of  General  Synod,   1859,   p.  378.   1862,  p.   120. 


194  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

OTHER  OPPORTUNITIES. 

In  1870  more  than  forty  congregations  of  Mexicans,  who  had  broken 
with  the  Church  of  Rome,  asked  to  be  taken  under  the  care  of  the  Board. 
The  matter  was  considered  for  some  time,  but,  because  of  a  heavy  debt, 
this  opportunity  was  finally  declined. 

The  same  year  the  Board  accepted  an  invitation  of  the  United  States 
Government  to  take  charge  of  Christian  schools  among  the  Indians  of  the 
west,  the  Government  to  furnish  the  money.  The  Pima  and  Maricopa 
Agency,  having  5,000  Indians,  and  the  Colorado  River  Agency,  having 
about  23,000  were  offered  to  and  accepted  by  the  Board.  The  plan  began 
hopefully  but  worked  with  diminishing  success,  and  at  last  in  October,  1880, 
the  Board  formally  withdrew  "from  all  co-operation  with  the  Government." 

In  1884  the  recent  opening  of  Korea  was  drawing  to  the  "Hermit  King- 
dom" the  eyes  of  those  who  desired  the  evangelization  of  its  people  and 
longed  to  attempt  it.  One  such,  a  graduate  of  our  Theological  Seminary 
at  New  Brunswick  (the  Rev.  Horace  G.  Underwood),  made  application  to 
the  Board  in  February  of  that  year  to  be  sent  thither  as  a  missionary  of  the 
Board.  But  it  was  not  deemed  either  expedient  or  even  possible  to  estab- 
lish a  new  mission  at  that  time,  even  by  the  appointment  of  a  single  mis- 
sionary. The  application  was,  therefore,  reluctantly  declined  and  Mr. 
Underwood  recommended  to  the  Presbyterian  Board,  which  was  known  to 
be  considering  the  establishment  of  such  a  mission.  The  Reformed  Church 
has  reason  to  rejoice  in  the  work  he  was  permitted  to  do  in  that  field, 
though  unable  to  send  him  forth  to  it  herself. 

The  same  subject  was  brought  before  the  Board  again  in  January,  1891. 
In  that  month  a  proposition  was  received  from  a  gentleman  of  known 
liberality  in  the  city  of  New  York  to  furnish  the  sum  of  $5,000,  "on  condi- 
tion and  for  the  purpose  of  establishing  a  mission  of  the  Reformed  Church 
in  Korea."  But,  aside  from  the  fact  that  other  churches  already  had  flour- 
ishing missions  in  that  country,  the  claims  of  its  existing  missions  were 
too  great  and  scantily  met  to  admit  of  its  undertaking  this  new  responsir 
bility.    The  proposition  was  therefore  reluctantly  declined. 

Similar  reasons  delayed  the  assumption  by  the  Board  of  the  Arabian 
Mission  for  several  years  (1888-1894).  But  this  was  finally  received  upon 
the  special  subscription  plan.     (Arabian  Mission). 

Three  missionaries  and  their  wives,  seven  catechists,  two  churches  and 
two  parochial  schools,  were  received  at  Amoy  from  the  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.  in 
1859.  With  the  Arcot  Mission  were  received  five  missionaries  and  their 
wives  and  one  unmarried  lady;  five  churches,  with  117  communicants,  five 
native  helpers,  eight  schoolmasters  and  four  colporteurs. 

At  the  close  of  the  nineteenth  century  the  Committee  on  the  General  State 
of  the  Church  in  1900  reported  on  the  subject  of  Foreign  Missions,  briefly 
reviewing  the  history  and  emphasizing  the  importance  of  more  strenuous 
action.     They  proposed  an  amendment  to   the  Constitution  as   follows : 

1.  Resolved,  That  Art.  IX,  Sec.  4.  of  the  constitution,  be  amended  by 
the  addition  of  the  following  words  and  the  same  be  recommended  to  the 
Classes  for  adoption : 


HISTORY    OF    FOREIGN    MISSIONS  195 

"To  the  General  Synod  also  belongs  the  power  and  duty  to  institute  and 
organize  such  general  agencies  as  shall  best  enable  the  church  to  fulfill  the 
command  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  by  which  he  has  enjoined  on  all  His 
disciples  the  duty  of  teaching  all  nations  and  preaching  the  Gospel  to  every 
creature ;  to  maintain,  supervise  and  direct  such  agencies  when  erected  in 
the  conduct  of  missionary  operations  at  home  and  abroad ;  and  to  recom- 
mend such  methods  in  the  churches  as  shall  effectively  sustain  such  agencies 
and  tend  to  secure  the  largest  possible  dissemination  of  the  Gospel." 

Such  constitutional  recognition  of  the  chief  end  of  the  church  as  ex- 
pressed in  the  last  command  of  her  Head  would  serve  for  the  members  of 
the  Reformed  Church  now,  and  in  successive  generations,  as  a  constant 
incentive  to  highest  endeavor ;  it  would  act  as  a  permanent  appeal  to  the 
church  to  devote  her  resources,  to  put  forth  her  strength,  to  measure  her 
courage,  not  according  to  the  immediate  result,  but  in  proportion  to  the 
grandeur  and  the  difficulty  of  her  appointed  task.  This  constitutional 
amendment  was  adopted  in  1901. 

They  also  proposed  a  "great  forward  movement"  and  urged  the  necessity 
of  better  business  methods  in  financing  the  Kingdom  of  Christ.  They 
especially  recommended  that  individuals  and  churches  adopt  various  mis- 
sionaries or  departments  of  the  work  for  which  they  would  make  them- 
selves responsible.     This  led  to  a  great  increase  of  personal  interest. 

The  Foreign  Missionary  Enterprise  of  our  Church  has  grown  and  ex- 
panded with  great  rapidity  during  the  last  two  decades.  The  Missionaries 
have  been  reaping  where  the  founders  sowed  the  seed  with  so  much  toil 
and  perseverance.  The  Native  .Churches  have  developed  in  each  one  of  the 
older  fields,  not  only  in  numbers  but  in  self  support  and  in  self  govern- 
ment. This  is  particularly  true  of  China,  India  and  Japan.  The  growth 
in  this  respect  in  Arabia  still  lingers.  During  the  last  twenty  years 
the  communicant  membership  of  the  churches  has  doubled  while  the 
Christian  constituency  has  more  than  doubled.  Scholars  in  the  schools 
have  trebled  and  a  very  large  important  educational  work  is  now  being 
carried  on  especially  in  the  older  fields.  Medical  work  has  also  grown 
rapidly  in  all  the  fields  being  especially  effective  in  Arabia.  The  number 
of  patients  treated  in  all  our  hospitals  now  approaches  150,000  a  year. 
The  contributions  of  the  home  churches  toward  the  support  of  this  great 
foreign  missionary  enterprise  has  in  this  period  quadrupled.  The  con- 
ditions of  the  war  have  seriously  affected  all  of  our  fields,  enlarging 
opportunities  and  making  the  immediacy  of  their  occupancy  more  urgent. 
The  missionaries  of  our  Church  are  awaiting  with  high  expectancy  the 
response  of  the  Home  Church  and  the  blessing  of  God  upon  their  efforts 
to  establish  His  Kingdom  in  the  great  lands  of  Asia  where  our  Reformed 
Church  has  accepted  responsibility. 

Comparative  Summary,   i{ 


Stations    

Out-Stations  and  Preaching  Places. 


8- I 900- I 92 

I. 

858 

J900 

1921 

6 

23 

29 

2 

230 

371 

196 


THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 


■Missionaries,  men  

Missionaries,  married  women 

Missionaries,  unmarried  women 

Native  Ordained  Ministers 

Other  Native  Helpers,-  men 

"Native  Helpers,  women : 

Churches    

Communicants 

Boarding  School,  boys 

Scholars   

Boarding  School,  girls 

Scholars 

Theological  Students 

Day    Schools 

Scholars    

Hospitals  and  Dispensaries 

Patients  Treated 

Native  Contributions 

Contributions  of  the  American  Churches        $16 


8 

35 

59 

6  • 

31 

48 

I 

26 

48 

31 

Zl 

22 

237 

474 

112 

231 

7 

39 

■  72 

297 

4.597 

8,040 

10 

14 

■  577 

2,080 

10 

12 

451 

1-546 

50 

59 

6 

163 

323 

88 

5.715 

14,618 

6 

20 

26,622 

146,793 

11,136 

19.152 

5,076 

$136,576 

$545,799 

WOMAN  S   BOARD   OF    FOREIGN    MISSIONS.    .  .  . 

In  no  particular  has  the  growth  been  greater  or  more  marked  than  in 
that  of  work  for  women  in  our  mission  fields.  And  any  sketch,  however 
slight,  of  the  Board's  history,  would  be  fatally  defective  that  did  not  make 
mention  of  the  Woman's  Board  of  Foreign  Missions.  Dr.  Abeel,  returning 
from  China  in  1834,  vistied  London  and  so  interested  Christian  women 
there  in  the  condition  of  women  in  the  Far  East  that  the  Society  for  Pro- 
moting Female  Education  in  the  East  was  organized  the  following  year. 
In  1861  the  Woman's  Union  Missionary  Society  of  America  for  Heathen 
Lands  was  organized  in  New  York,  chiefly  through  the  efforts  and  zeal  of 
•Mrs.  Thomas  C.  Doremus,  a  member  of  the  Reformed  Church,  who  became 
its  first  President.  In  June,  1871,  the  Board  directed  its  Corresponding 
Secretary  "to  prepare  a  Constitutiorr- for  Woman's  Societies  Auxiliary  to 
this  Board." 

It  was  not  till  January,  1875,  however,  that  the  Woman's  Board  of  For- 
eign Missions  of  our  church  was  organized.  In  that  month  a  few  earnest 
s6uls  met  in  New  York,  in  the  midst  of  storm  and  rain,  and  established 
this  Board  which  has  been  the  invaluable  and  indispensable  helper  of 
Synod's  Board.  Its  efforts  were  immediately  directed  to  the  formation  of 
Auxiliaries  and  Mission  Bands  in  the  several  churches,  and  as  the  result 
of  continuous  labor,  it  has  now  about  six  hundred  such  auxiliaries.  In 
1880,  when  the  Board  was  hard  pressed  financially,  it  assumed  the  support 
of  all  the  work  for  women  and  girls  in  all  our  mission  fields.  Its  special 
contributions,  also,  for  the  erection  of  schools,  chapels,  dwellings,  etc., 
have  been  many  and  generous,  amounting  to  many  thousands  of  dollars. 

The  work  of  the  Woman's  Board  has  grown  very  rapidly  during  the 
last  two  decades.     It  haS  received  generous  contributions  not  only  for  the 


HISTORY    OF    FOREIGN'    MISSIONS  197 

regular  maintenance  of  the  work  for  which  it  has  assumed  responsibility, 
but  also  such  as  to  enable  the  Missions  to  erect  large  school  and  hospital 
buildings  in  China,  India  and  Japan.  In  1919  it  assumed  responsibility 
for  work  for  women  and  children  in  the  Arabian  Mission,  in  addition  to 
the  support  of  similar  work  in  other  fields.  Its  total  receipts  from  all 
sources  for  the  year  1921  were  $221,381.93.  The  Board  is  preparing  to 
commemorate  appropriately  its  Jubilee  in  1925. 

AMOY    MISSION    (l8'42). 

The  Amoy  Mission  was  founded  by  Rev.  David  Abeel  in  1842.  He  had 
labored  among  the  seamen  at  Canton  ;  he  had  been  chaplain  for  the  foreign- 
community  at  Singapore  for  a  year ;  he  had  made  two  extensive  tours  to 
Borneo,  Java  and  Siam  with  a  view  to  the  establishment  of  missions  among 
the  Chinese,  who  had  emigrated  to  those  parts.  But  when,  in  consequence 
of  the  Opium  War,  Amoy  was  thrown  open  to  foreign  trade  and  settle- 
ment, he  immediately  went  there.  He  began  his  work  in  a  hired  house, 
under  an  overshadowing  banyan,  on  the  island  of  Kulangsu.  By  his  courtli- 
ness, affability  and  manly  consecration  he  won  the  favor  of  both  the  literary 
and  official  classes,  as  well  as  of  the  common  people.  He  had  interested 
hearers  from  the  beginning.  But  his  health,  never  vigorous,  soon  utterly 
failed  and  he  returned  to  the  United  States,  in  1844.  and  died  Sept.  4,  1846. 
Before  Abeel  left  Rev.  Elihu  Doty  and  Rev.  William  Pohlman  came  to 
Amoy.  They  had  gone  out  from  our  church  and  been  engaged  in  mission- 
ary work  among  the  Chinese  who  had  settled  in  Borneo,  but  the  far  greater 
opportunity  now  open  for  missionary  work  among  the  Chinese  in  China 
itself  brought  them  to  Amoy.  Pohlman  is  remembered  as  having  secured 
$3,000  for  the  first  Protestant  church  edifice  for  distinctively  Chinese 
worship  in  China.  He  superintended  its  erection  at  Amoy  (1848),  where 
the  substantial  building  still  stands  and  Christian  congregations  still  as- 
semble. He  went  to  Hongkong  to  escort  an  invalid  sister  and  to  buy 
furnishings  for  the  new  church  building.  On  his  return  the  ship  "Omega," 
in  which  he  sailed,  was  wrecked  of?  Breaker  Point,  120  miles  north  of 
Hongkong,  and  by  the  overturning  of  the  boat  in  which  he  and  the  captain 
and  part  of  the  crew  were  trying  to  get  ashore,  he  was  drowned. 

Mr.  Doty  continued  with  the  mission  for  twenty  years  and  by  his  char- 
acter and  work  left  an  enduring  impression. 

But  the  name  that  stands  out  pre-eminently  in  connection  with  the  Amoy 
Mission  is  that  of  Rev.  John  Van  Nest  Talmage,  D.D.  He  not  only  helped 
lay  the  foundations,  but  built  thereon.  He  was  a  man  of  unusual  weight 
and  power  of  personality.  His  soundness  of  judgment  made  him  an 
adviser  and  arbitrator  whom  foreigners  and  Chinese  alike  sought,  and 
from  whose  advice  they  were  not  quick  to  turn  away.  He  was  one  of  the 
earliest  advocates  of  union  and  co-operation  in  Foreign  Missions  and  was 
mainly  instrumental,  so  far  as  our  church  was  concerned,  in  the  establish- 
ment of  an  independent  Chinese  Church  of  the  Reformed  order.  It  em- 
braces the  converts  of  both  the  English  Presbyterian  mission  and  our  own 
mission.    "It  is  not  an  appendage  of  either  of  these  foreign  churches,  but  is 


198  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA 

a  genuine  independent  Chinese  Christian  church,  holding  the  standards 
and  governed  by  the  pohty  of  the  twinsister  Churches  that  sent  them  the 
Gospel  by  their  own  messengers.  The  missionaries  retain  their  relations 
with  their  own  home  churches  and  act  under  commissions  of  their  own 
Church  Boards  of  Missions.  They  are  not  settled  pastors,  but  are  more 
like  the  Apostolic  Evangelists  of  New  Testament  times,  preachers,  teachers, 
founders  of  churches,  educators  of  the  native  ministry,  superintendents  of 
the  general  work  of  evangelization."  Dr.  Talmage's  special  literary  achieve- 
ment was  the  preparation  and  completion  of  a  Character-Colloquial  Diction- 
ary in  the  Amoy  dialect,  intended  to  be  of  special  service  to  the  missionaries 
and  the  Chinese  Christian  Church.  In  the  midst  of  multiplied  duties  and 
many  distractions  he  worked  at  it  for  upward  of  twenty  years. 

Rev.  Daniel  Rapalje  joined  the  mission  in  1858.  He  finally  returned  to 
this  country  in  1899,  after  upward  of  forty  years  of  faithful  and  efficient 
service.  His  unusual  acquaintance  with  the  Chinese  language,  both  written 
and  spoken,  and  his  remarkable  accuracy  and  facility  of  utterance  made 
him  a  highly  respected  and  much  valued  missionary. 

Rev.  Leonard  W.  Kip,  D.D..  went  to  Amoy  in  1861  and  finally  returned 
in  1899.  He  was  the  geographer  of  the  mission.  He  put  as  much  pains- 
taking accuracy  into  his  maps  as  Dr.  Talmage  did  into  his  dictionary. 
He  was  a  constant  traveler  and  a  pioneer  in  the  establishment  of  mis- 
sion stations  in  the  region  beyond  Chiang-chiu. 

The  Rev.  Philip  W.  Pitcher  joined  the  Mission  in  1885  and  for  thirty 
years  devoted  himself  to  the  building  up  of  the  educational  work  of  the 
Mission  and  the  supply  of  text  books.  He  died  in  service  in  1915,  having 
left  a  deep  impression  upon  the  youth  of  the  entire  Amoy  region. 

The  Rev.  John  G.  Fagg,  later  a  minister  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  New 
York,  was  a  member  of  the  Mission  from  1887  to  1894.  Though  his  service 
was  brief,  his  devotion  to  the  work  of  evangelization  and  preparation  of 
Chinese  Evangelists  has  left  a  deep  impression  upon  the  life  of  the  Mission. 

Dr.  John  A.  Otte  was  for  twenty-four  years  in  charge  of  medical  work. 
He  established  two  hospitals  at  Sio-khe  and  Amoy,  instructed  many  Chinese 
students  in  medicine  so  that  they  were  able  to  establish  dispensaries  and 
some  private  practice,  and  finally  gave  up  his  life  as  a  martyr  to  his  pro- 
fession and  his  ministry,  having  died  as  a  result  of  attendance  upon  a 
Chinese  patient  who  had  the  dread  Eastern  disease.  Bubonic  Plague.  Dr. 
Otte's  name  and  memory  are  cherished  alike  by  multitudes  in  South  China. 

The  Work. — The  work  of  the  mission  is  three-fold.  Evangelistic,  Edu- 
cational, Medical. 

Evangelistic  Work. — The  Amoy  Mission  began  as  a  preaching  mission. 
This  was  indicated  in  the  words  of  Mr.  Pohlman  in  1846,  in  a  paper  in 
which  he  urged  all  the  missionaries  coming  to  China  to  learn  to  speak  the 
language  correctly,  and  adds,  "Be  sure  you  are  understood,  then  preach, 
preach,  preach."  Of  course,  there  is  preaching  in  all  the  churches  and 
chapels  at  the  regular  services  every  Sunday,  to  stated  congregations  of 
Christians.  But  more  or  less  informal  preaching  to  the  heathen  by  the 
elders,  school  teachers  and  other  laymen  with  the  gift  of  utterance  is  going 


HISTORY    OF    FOREIGN    MISSIONS  199 

on  in  the  churches  and  chapels  all  through  the  Sabbath-day.  There  are 
wayside  chapels  which  are  opened  every  afternoon  and  evening,  and 
passers-by  are  attracted  by  the  singing  of  hymns  and  the  testimony  of 
earnest  men  who  bear  witness  to  their  repudiation  of  idolatry  and  their 
faith  in  Jesus  Christ. 

Special  evangelistic  tours  to  hitherto  unvisited  or  seldom-visited  villages 
are  arranged,  when  the  pastors  and  preachers  and  elders  of  a  whole 
valley  or  a  portion  of  a  valley  join.  Christian  literature  is  disseminated. 
Portions  of  the  Scriptures,  tracts  on  the  fundamental  truths  of  Christianity, 
tracts  against  ancestral  worship  and  exposing  idolatry,  are  sold  or  given 
away  at  all  the  chapels,  and  on  these  preaching  tours.  The  Gospel  story 
is  told  again  and  again  by  the  lady  missionaries  on  their  house-to-house 
visits. 

In  1917  in  commemoration  of  the  75th  Anniversary  of  the  founding  of 
the  Amoy  Mission,  a  large  area  to  the  Northwest  of  Amoy  was  added  to 
the  territory  of  the  Mission,  having  been  taken  over  from  the  London 
Missionary  Society  which  was  not  in  a  position  to  occupy  it.  A  new 
station  was  opened  at  Leng-na  with  resident  missionaries,  men  and  women, 
evangelistic,  medical  and  educational.  This  territory  brought  within  the 
influence  of  the  Amoy  Mission  probably  one  million  more  Chinese. 

As  a  result  of  this  evangelistic  work  in  the  Amoy  region,  the  churches 
constituting  the  South  Fukien  Synod  have  grown  in  numbers  and  in 
strength,  in  self  support  and  in  self  government.  In  1919.  the  churches 
which  grew  up  under  the  London  Missionary  Society  (Congregational) 
joined  in  a  united  church  of  this  province,  thus  bringing  all  the  Christians 
of  this  area  into  a  single  church. 

Educational  Work. — The  work  of  education  began  with  teaching  the 
new  converts  how  to  read  the  already  translated  Scriptures.  The  children, 
too,  must  be  gathered  into  Christian  schools,  away  from  the  daily  worship 
of  Confucius  and  the  contaminating  influence  of  heathen  teachers.  The 
need  of  evangelists  and  teachers  was  felt  and  the  older  missionaries  gave 
themselves,  so  far  as  they  were  able,  to  the  training  of  men  with  the 
modest  accommodations  and  limited  time  at  their  command.  In  due  time 
there  was  established  a  Theological  Seminary,  where  the  students  of  both 
the  English  Presbyterian  Mission  and  our  own  mission  were  given  a  three 
years'  course  in  Systematic  Theology,  Exposition  of  Scripture  and  the 
Art  of  Preaching.  Men  of  character,  ability  and  consecration  have  gone 
out  from  this  institution  and  are  now  serving  the  churches. 

Talmage  College. — On  one  of  the  most  commanding  sites  on  the  island 
of  Kulangsu  stands  the  Talmage  Memorial  Hall,  the  funds  for  which 
were  raised  by  Rev.  P.  W.  Pitcher.  Here  the  College  is  housed  and  up- 
ward of  250  boys  and  young  men  are  given  a  good  academic  training. 
Besides,  there  is  a  Boys'  Boarding  School  on  the  island  of  Kulangsu  and 
there  are  bov-?'  schools  connected  with  every  fully  constituted  church  in 
the  mission. 

The  education  of  the  women  and  girls  has  received  attention  from  the 
beginning.    The  Charlotte  W.  Duryee  Bible  School,  founded  in  1884,  draws 


200  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA 

together  under  its  roof  women  from  many  places  in  the  Amoy  region  who 
never  had  an  opportunity  of  any  schooling  in  their  childhood  and  wish, 
now  that  they  are  Christians  and  have  the  opportunity,  to  learn  to  read 
and  understand  the  Bible  for  themselves. 

There  are  four  boarding  schools  for  girls  connected  with  the  Amoy 
Mission,  one  on  the  island  of  Kulangsu  and  one  each  at  Siokhe,  Chiang-chiu 
and  Tong-an.  The  influence  of  these  schools  is  felt  far  and  wide  for  good 
in  the  homes  of  the  Christian  Chinese. 

The  educational  work  has  grown  considerably  during  the  last  two 
decades,  the  Old  Middle  School  having  been  raised  in  standard  to  the 
grade  of  a  College,  and  the  Girls'  School  having  been  raised  to  the  grade 
of  a  High  School.  These  institutions  are  crowded  with  pupils  as  are 
also  the  large  primary  boarding  schools  for  boys  and  for  girls  in  each  one 
of  the  outlying  stations.  Normal  Training  Classes  and  Kindergarten 
Departments  have  been  added  to  complete  the  educational  equipment  of  the 
Mission.   • 

Medical  Work. — No  work  of  the  foreign  missionary  is  more  appreciated 
by  all  classes,  literati,  officials,  merchants,  shop-keepers,  farmers,  than  the 
medical  work.  China  has  no  medical  colleges  except  those  erected  under 
foreign  influence.  Chinese  medical  knowledge  is  little  more  than  quackery. 
They  know  nothing  whatever  of  surgery.  The  first  hospital  opened  in  con- 
nection- with  the  Amoy  Alission  was  the  Neerbosch  Hospital  at  Siokhe, 
in  1889,  under  the  supervision  of  Rev.  J.  A.  Otte,  M.D.  The  hospital 
proved  a  most  efi'ective  agency  in  breaking  down  prejudice  and  opening 
the  way  to  many  homes  and  villages  for  the  preaching  of  the  Gospel. 

On  Dr.  Otte's  return  to  China,  in  1897,  Hope  Hospital  was  built  on  the 
island  of  Kulangsu,  the  meeting  point  of  junk  and  river-boat  traffic  from 
many  directions,  just  opposite  the  city  of  Amoy.  It  has  proved  a  much 
appreciated  pool  of  Siloam. 

The  medical  work  of  the  Mission  has  similarly  grown  greatly  since  1900. 
Wilhelmina  Hospital,  built  and  maintained  from  funds  supplied  by  friends 
in  the  Netherlands  has  been  added  as  the  Woman's  Hospital  to  Hope 
Hospital  in  Amoy  and  the  buildings  have  been  enlarged  through  the  gener- 
ous gifts  of  Dr.  Otte's  former  patients  and  pupils.  The  hospital  at  Sio-khe 
has  been  rebuilt  and  enlarged  with  funds  supplied  by  the  West  End 
Collegiate  Church,  New  York.  A  new  hospital  as  a  memorial  to  Dr. 
Elisabeth  H.  Blauvelt  has  been  erected  from  funds  donated  by  the  mem- 
bers of  her  family  in  Tong-an.  This  hospital  commenced  its  work  in 
1920.  Still  another  hospital  was  erected  in  the  new  station  at  Long-na 
in  1921,  as  a  memorial  to  Dr.  John  G.  Fagg,  from  funds  supplied  by  the 
Collegiate  Church  of  New  York  in  tribute  to  its  former  minister. 

These  hospitals  are  rendering  a  great  service  in  a  land  where  the  min- 
istry of  healing  is  very  much  needed  and  appreciated. 

Mission  Comity. — The  three  missions  at  Amoy,  the  London  Mission 
(Congregational),  the  English  Presbyterian  Mission,  the  Reformed  Church 
Mission,  as  an  illustration  of  Christian  comity,  and  for  the  better  prosecu- 


HISTORY    OF    FOREIGN    MISSIONS  201 

lion  of  their  respective  work,  have  divided  the  region  about  Amoy — extend- 
ing a  hundred  miles  up  and  dow-i  the  coast  and  a  hundred  miles  inland,  into 
three  well  defined  sections  within  whose  bounds  each  mission  is  to  carry 
on  its  work.  This  makes  the  Reformed  Church  specifically  responsible  for 
the  evangelization  of  at  least  three  million  people.  (For  a  list  of  Mission- 
aries see   Part   Three,   "China"). 

THE   .ARfOT    .Ml.SSlON,   INI)I.\    (  1853). 

In  1847  the  Board  was  invited  by  the  Prudential  Committee  of  the  Ameri- 
can Board  "to  consider  the  expediency  of  undertaking  a  mission  among  the 
Tamil-speaking  people  of  southern  India  and  in  the  neighborhood  of  its 
Madras  Mission,  to  he  composed  entirely  of  missionaries  from  the  Re- 
formed Protestant  Dutch  Church."  Dr.  Scudder  had  been  transferred  from 
Ceylon  to  Madras  in  1836  and  had  made  extended  tours  through  the  regions 
lying  west  and  south,  preaching  the  Gospel  to  great  multitudes,  distributing 
tracts  and  healing  the  sick.  In  his  work  he  had  been  joined,  in  1846,  by 
his  eldest  son,  Henry  Martyn  Scudder.  A  wide  and  open  field  had  been 
developed  by  their  labors  and  to  it  the  attention  of  the  Board  was  now 
directed.  On  Nov.  9  the  Board  resolved  that  the  establishment  of  such  a 
mission  would  be  expedient.  In  1850  Henry  Martyn  Scudder  removed  to 
Arcot,  where  he  was  joined,  in  1852,  by  his  brother  William  from  Ceylon, 
and  in  1853  by  his  brother  Joseph  from  America.  These  brothers,  with 
their  father,  requested  the  Particular  Synod  of  New  York  of  1853  to  allow 
them  to  be  organized  as  a  Classis.  The  Synod  granted  the  request,  appoint- 
ing Dr.  Scudder  to  perform  this  service.  In  1854  the  Classis  of  Arcot  was 
regularly  constituted,  three  native  brethren,  who  had  removed  from  Madras, 
representing  the  eldership. 

Early  in  1855.  Rev.  John  Scudder,  M.D.,  died  near  the  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  whither  he  had  gone  in  the  hope  of  retarding  the  decline  of  his 
strength.  During  the  same  year  Revs.  Ezekiel  C.  and  Jared  W.  Scudder 
reached  Arcot  and  were  admitted  to  the  Classis.  Miss  Louisa  Scudder 
accompanied  them  and  engaged  in  the  work  as  an  assistant  missionary. 
The  stations  of  Arcot,  Arni.  Chittoor,  Coonoor  and  Vellore  were  all  oc- 
cupied before  1857.  In  that  year  this  mission  also,  with  its  missionaries, 
was  surrendered  to  the  independent  Board  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church, 
of  which  they  were  sons  and  ministers. 

Previous  to  this  occupation  of  Arcot  by  the  Scudders  some  work  had 
been  done  in  Vellore  and  Chittoor  and  a  few  converts  had  been  gathered 
by  another  society.  These  were  now  handed  over  to -the  care  of  the  Arcot 
Mission. 

The  method  pursued  is  to  divide  the  territory  into  parishes  and  distribute 
them  among  the  missionaries  who  occupy  central  points  called  stations, 
from  which,  with  their  native  assistants,  they  seek  to  evangelize  the  district 
intrusted  to  .them. 

The  command  of  the  Master:  "Preach  the  Gospel,"  is  the  foundation 
stone  of  the  mission.  Learning  the  languages  of  the  peoi)le  well,  the  mis- 
sionary enters  in  among  the  masses,  carrying  the  Gospel  message  far  and 


202  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA 

wide,  distributing  books  and  tracts.  As  most  of  the  people  live  in  villages, 
he  spends  a  great  part  of  his  time  in  the  district.  Pitching  his  tent  in  a 
central  village,  he  radiates  from  this  point  in  company  with  natives  assist- 
ants, mornings  and  evenings,  carrying  the  Gospel  to  all  the  villages  that  lie 
within  the  radius  of  four  or  five  miles.  Then  changing  his  place  of  en- 
campment, he  does  the  same  in  another  circle  of  villages,  thus  systematically 
"touring  up"  the  whole  district  committed  to  his  charge.  Arriving  in  a 
village,  he  takes  his  stand  in  the  principal  street.  A  lyric  is  sung  or  a  few 
verses  of  Scripture  read,  to  attract  an  audience.  When  a  number  of  people 
have  gathered,  the  native  assistant  begins  to  address  them,  telling  them 
first  the  object  of  the  visit,  then  speaking  probably  of  the  folly  of  idolatry, 
explaining  the  nature  of  the  true  God,  the  way  of  salvation  through  Christ. 
The  missionary  then  takes  up  the  address  and  further  unfolds  the  subject, 
enforcing  and  illustrating  it  by  quotations  from  their  own  writings,  after 
the  manner  of  St.  Paul  on  Mars  Hill.  Questions  are  then  asked,  which 
opens  the  way  for  further  explanation  ;  after  which,  books  and  tracts  are 
distributed.  In  this  way  the  Gospel  is  carried  to  every  town,  village  and 
hamlet  throughout  the  district. 

After  the  Gospel  has  been  repeatedly  preached  in  a  village,  if  any  three 
or  more  families  agree  'to  abandon  idolatry  and  place  themselves  under 
Christian  instruction,  they  are  organized  into  a  Christian  congregation.  A 
native  Catechist  is  sent  to  the  village,  who  takes  up  his  residence  with  the 
people;  a  little  school-house  or  prayer-house  is  erected,  and  in  this  building 
the  people  gather  at  night  and  are  instructed  in  the  fundamental  truths  of 
the  Gospel,  as  well  as  in  all  the  habits  and  usages  suitable  to  a  Christian 
community.  During  the  day  the  children  assemble  and  are  taught  secular 
and  religious  lessons.  If  at  the  end  of  a  year  any  of  the  congregations 
give  evidence  of  being  true  Christians,  they  are  baptized,  and  when  there 
is  a  sufficient  number  a  church  is  organized.  It  is  in  this  manner  that  all 
the  congregations  in  our  mission  have  been  formed. 

Native  agents  employed  by  the  mission  are  classified  as  follows :  Native 
Pastors,  Catechists,  Teachers.  A  Native  Minister  is  put  in  charge  of  one 
large  congregation,  of  which  he  has  the  pastoral  oversight.  He  also  labors 
among  the  heathen.  A  Catechist  is  a  man  appointed  to  instruct  a  native 
congregation.  He  assembles  the  adults  for  prayer  and  catechization, 
teaches  the  children,  as  well  as  labors  among  the  heathen  in  his  own  and 
neighboring  villages.  The  distinction  between  a  Catechist  and  Native  Pas- 
tor is,  that  the  former  is  not  ordained  and  so  does  not  baptize  nor  ad- 
minster  the  Lord's  Supper.  Besides  the  above,  the  mission  employs 
Teasellers,  who  give  themselves  exclusively  to  school  work.  Wives  of  the 
helpers  are  frequently  employed  as  school  mistresses  to  assist  their  hus- 
bands ;  and  also  as  Bible-readers,  to  visit  the  houses  of  heathen  and  read 
and  explain  the  Scriptures. 

"Evangelize  first,  educate  afterward,"  is  a  fundamental  principle  of  the 
Arcot  Mission ;  and  although  this  rule  has  been  departed  from  in  recent 
years,  especially  in  the  establishment  of  high-caste  girls'  schools,  it  still 
remains  the  governing  policy  of  the  mission.     But  notwithstanding  that 


HISTORY    OF    FORRir.X     MISSIONS  20 3 

schools  are  established  primarily  for  Christians,  nearly  all  of  them  are  open 
also  to  non-Christians,  who  freely  attend  them. 

Day  Schools. — Nine  station  and  about  270  out-station  (village)  schools 
are  connected  with  the  mission.  In  the  latter  adults  as  well  as  children 
are  under  instruction,  the  catechists  doing  the  combined  work  of  preacher 
and  teacher.  The  villain'  schools  are  very  simple  and  elementary.  The 
building,  which  answers  also  for  a  prayer-house,  is  rudely  constructed 
with  mud  walls  and  straw  roof.  The  secular  lessons  are  usually  limited 
to  "the  three  R's."  with  a  little  geography  and  grammar.  Religious  in- 
struction forms  a  large  part  of  the  curriculum.  The  Station  day  schools 
are  of  a  higher  grade  and  conducted  more  on  the  American  plan.  The 
building  has  brick  walls  and  tiled  roof  and  is  supplied  with  benches,  tables 
and  maps.  The  teacher  has  been  well  trained  and  gives  his  whole  time  to 
the  school  work.     Girls  as  well  as  boys  are  admitted  into  these  schools. 

Bo.\RDiNG  Schools.— The  brightest  pupils  in  the  day  schools  are  sent  to 
the  boarding  schools,  of  which  there  are  twelve  in  the  mission  with  more 
than  800  pupils.  The  design  of  these  institutions  is  the  training  of  Native 
Agents  for  mission  work.  A  large  number  of  men  and  women  have 
already  been  educated  in  them  and  are  now  engaged  in  mission  service. 

The  Arcot  Seminary,  at  Vellore,  dates  from  the  beginning  of  the  mis- 
sion. In  1883  the  studies  were  raised  to  a  higher  grade,  and  the  idea  of 
separating  the  theological  and  secular  departments  was  suggested.  The 
importance  of  a  normal  school  for  teachers  also  now  began  to  be  felt,  and 
the  propriety  of  sending  some  of  the  best  scholars,  among  the  boys,  to  some 
Christian  college,  was  suggested.  A  normal  school  was  accordingly  or- 
ganized in  March,  1884.  In  this  same  year  there  were  three  students  who 
took  a  theological  course.  It  was  determined  that  the  separate  theological 
school  should  formally  begin  in  January,  1885.  The  next  year  it  was 
determined  that  the  title  "Arcot  Seminary"  should  be  used  of  the  The- 
ological Department  only,  and  that  this  department  needed  an  endowment 
of  at  least  $40,000.  The  Theological  Department  was  placed  under  the  care 
of  Dr.  William  W.  Scudder,  who  was  to  devote  his  entire  time  to  it;  and 
Dr.  Jacob  Chamberlain,  then  (1887)  in  America,  was  asked  to  raise  $50,000 
for  its  endowment.  Certain  students  had  also  been  sent  to  the  High 
School,  at  Vellore,  under  the  care  of  the  Church  of  Scotland,  and  Synod 
approved  of  this  course. 

The  next  year  (1888)  showed  that  Dr.  Chamberlain  had  secured  pledges 
for  $63,000.  It  was  determined  to  locate  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Pal- 
maner,  later  at  Vellore,  and  to  call  it  "The  Theological  Seminary  in  the 
Arcot  Mission."  The  Arcot  Academy  now  became  a  separate  school.  In 
1889  it  appeared  that,  for  the  endowment,  the  sum  of  $55,000  had  actually 
been  collected;  that  the  seminary  had  14  students;  that  Dr.  William  W 
Scudder  had  been  installed  as  Professor,  with  two  native  assistants  ;  and 
that  the  first  report  of  a  Board  of  Superintendents  had  been  sent  to  General 
Synod. 

The  Board  of  Missions,  in  1893.  asked  the  Synod  to  define  the  relations 
of  the   Board   to  the   .\rcot   Seminarv.     The   Board  of    Direction   was   in- 


204  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA 

structed  to  pay  the  income  of  the  endowment  to  the  treasurer  of  the  mis- 
sion, to  be  appHed,  under  the  mission,  to  the  payment  of  the  expenses  of 
the  seminary,  including  the  salary  of  the  Professor,  so  far  as  it  would 
suffice;  and  that  the  Board  of  Missions  supply  any  deficiency.  The  Board 
of  Missions  was  also  directed  to  co-operate  with  the  Board  of  Superintend- 
ents. 

Prof.  William  W.  Scudder  died  in  July,  1894,  and  Dr.  Jared  W.  Scudder 
took  charge  of  the  seminary.  In  1895  he  was  elected  Professor,  and  was 
installed  Jan.  11,  1896.  Dr.  John  H.  Wyckofif  and  Dr.  L.  R.  Scudder  fol- 
lowed as   Principals  of   the   Seminary. 

In  January,  1895,  the  High  School,  at  Vellore  (Scotch  Church),  was 
turned  over  to  the  Arcot  Mission,  with  a  large  corps  of  teachers  and  500 
non-Christian  students.  The  55  Christian  boys  of  our  school  at  Ranipet 
were  now  transferred  to  this  Vellore  institution.  It  was  at  once  sug- 
gested that  this  should  become  a  college.  It  was  supported  by  students' 
fees  and  a  government  grant.  Rev.  William  I.  Chamberlain  was  already 
bearing  the  burden  of  the  Principalship.  In  1897  there  were  in  attendance 
835  scholars.  The  following  year  it  was  advanced  to  the  rank  of  a  college. 
The  $5,000  required  for  the  transfer  in  1895  was  paid,  and  the  college 
was  proclaimed  in  January,  1898.  Rev.  William  I.  Chamberlain  spent 
his  furlough  in  America,  fitting  himself  more  fully  for  the  new  duties 
connected  with  the  Principalship,  returning  to  the  field  in  1899.  In  the 
meantime  Rev.  Henry  J.  Scudder  had  acted  as  Principal. 

On  the  receipt  in  1900  of  the  very  generous  gift  of  $25,000,  the  College 
took  the  name  of  the  donor.  Elizabeth  R.  Voorhees.  This  gift  and  one  of 
$10,000,  as  a  memorial  to  Dr.  Henry  Cobb  on  his  death  in  1910  has  enabled 
the  College  to  expand  in  its  buildings  and  ecjuipment  until  it  has  become  one 
of  the  strongest  Junior  Colleges  of  South  India,  with  a  student  attendance 
approaching  twelve  hundred.  Mr.  A.  C.  Cole  became  the  Principal  in 
IQ05,  being  succeeded  in  1914  by  Mr.  F.  M.  Potter.  The  present  Principal 
is  the  Rev.  L.  Hekhuis. 

During  the  last  twenty  years  the  Mission  has  carried  on  an  important 
industrial  work  through  the  Arcot  Industrial  School,  at  first  in  Arni  and 
now  in  Katpadi,  and  various  trades  indigenous  to  India  are  taught.  The 
school  is  doing  much  to  make  possible  a  larger  measure  of  self-support 
on  the  part  of  those  who  come  from  the  lower  and  depressed  classes  of  the 
community. 

Medical  work  is  an  important  auxiliary  to  the  mission.  Several  of  the 
missionaries  are  certificated  physicians,  and  have  used  their  skill  in  medi- 
cine and  surgery  with  excellent  results.  Many  cases  of  conversion,  in  some 
instances  of  whole  villages,  have  resulted  from  this  agency.  The  mission 
has  control  of  a  large  hospital  at  Ranipett,  with  a  branch  dispensary  at 
Wallajapet  in  which  as  many  as  a  hundred  patients  are  treated  daily.  No 
medicines  are  given  out  until  the  Gospel  is  first  preached,  and  the  influence 
of  the  institution  in  allaying  prejudice  and  winning  the  confidence  of  the 
natives  cannot  be  overestimated. 

During  recent  years  the  medical  work  of  the  Mission  has  been  greatly 


HISTDRY    OF    FUKEIG.N     MISSION'S  20.5 

Strengthened  by  the  addition  of  three  hospitals,  the  Mary  Taber  Schell 
Hospital  for  Women  and  Children  at  V'ellore,  Mary  Lott  Lyles  Hospital 
for  Women  and  Children  at  Madanajjalle,  and  the  Mary  Isabellc  Allen 
Dispensary  and  Hospital  at  Punganur.  These  institutions  together  with  the 
Union  Missionary  Tuberculosis  Sanitarium  at  Madanapalle,  in  the  support 
of  which  many  of  the  Missions  in  South  India  co-operate,  have  greatly 
strengthened  the  ministry  of  healing  as  an  agency  for  evangelistic  work  in 
the  Mission.  The  commemoratron  of  the  completion  of  one  hundred  years 
since  Dr.  John  Scudder  first  went  to  India  and  began  medical  work  has 
been  most  appropriately  carried  out  by  the  raising  of  a  fund  of  Rs.  100,000 
for  the  erection  of  new  buildings  for  the  old  hospital  at  Ranipet,  and  the 
Great-Grandson  of  Dr.  Scudder,  Dr.  Galen  F.  Scudder  has  recently  been 
placed  in  charge  of  this  oldest  medical  institution  in  the  Mission. 

Hindu  women  are  reached  in  three  ways :  By  direct  preaching,  schools, 
and  house  visitation.  The  zenana  system  does  not  prevail  in  Southern 
India  to  the  same  extent  as  in  the  north.  Women  go  about  freely,  and  in 
the  villages  form  a  very  considerable  proportion  of  our  audiences.  In  the 
large  towns  schools  have  been  established,  in  connection  with  which  house 
visitation  is  carried  on  by  the  missionary  ladies  and  their  female  assistants. 

During  the  last  twenty-five  years  the  work  for  women  has  expanded  with 
great  rapidity.  More  than  one-half  of  the  membership  of  the  Mission  is 
made  up  of  women  missionaries  who  carry  the  work  through  zenanas  and 
schools,  boarding  and  day,  the  latter  reaching  large  numbers  of  non-Chris- 
tian girls.  The  long  established  "Female  Seminary,"  which  together  with 
the  Arcot  Academy  are  the  two  oldest  institutions  of  the  Mission,  has 
gradually  raised  its  standard  until  this  now  occupies  admirably  adapted 
buildings  in  Chittoor,  and  has  been  raised  to  the  grade  of  a  High  School. 
The  influence  of  this  school  upon  the  Mission  has  been  very  large. 

The  publications  of  the  Mission  are: 

"The   Bazaar   Book ;   or.   Vernacular   Preacher's   Companion,"   in   Tamil. 

"Spiritual  Teaching,"  in  Tamil  and  Telugu. 

"Jewel  Mine  of  Salvation,"  in  Tamil  and  Telugu. 

"Sweet  Savors  of  Divine  Truth,"  in  Tamil. 

These  books,  composed  by  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  Martyn  Scudder,  and  consist- 
ing chiefly  of  addresses  to  the  Hindus  on  vital  subjects,  are  of  rare  value. 
They  are  extensively  used  in  Southern  India,  and  are  an  inestimable  boon 
to  vernacular  preachers,  furnishing  them  with  many  able  arguments  and 
apt  illustrations.  Through  them  Dr.  Scudder  is  still  preaching  to  thousands 
of  natives  in  India.     The  following  translations  have  also  been  published  : 

"Liturgy  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,"  in  Tamil,  by  Rev.  Dr. 
H.  M.  Scudder. 

"Liturgy  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America,"  in  Telugu,  by  Rev.  Dr. 
Chamberlain. 

"Heidelberg  Catechism,"  in  Tamil,  by  Rev.  Drs.  H.  M.  and  J.  W.  Scudder. 

"Bazaar  Book,"  in  English,  by  Rev.  J.  W.  Scudder,  D.D. 

"Spiritual  Teaching,"  in  English,  by  Rev.  J.  W.  Scudder.  D.D. 

"Telugu  Hymn-Bt>ok."  by  Dr.  Chamberlain. 


206  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA 

"Systematic  Theology"  (Tamil),  by  Rev.  J.  W.  Scudder,  D.D. 

"Bible  Dictionary"  (Telugu),  by  Rev.  J.  Chamberlain,  D.D. 

Rev.  Drs.  H.  M.,  E.  C,  and  J.  W.  Scudder  and  Dr.  Chamberlain  have 
also  done  valuable  work  in  connection  with  the  translation  and  revision 
of  the  Tamil  and  Telugu  Bible. 

Early  in  1900  representatives  were  appointed  by  the  Church  of  Scotland, 
the  United  Free  Church  of  Scotland,  and  the  Arcot  Mission  to  formulate 
plans  of  co-operation  in  mission  work  and  union  in  ecclesiastical  matters. 
The  missions  approved  of  certain  proposals,  and  the  details  were  submitted 
to  the  home  boards.  It  was  agreed  that  the  selection  of  a  Professor  in 
the  Arcot  Theological  Seminary  should  remain  at  the  disposition  of  the 
General  Synod ;  that  the  Board  of  Superintendents  should  have  one 
representative  from  each  of  the  co-operating  missions ;  that  each  of  the 
co-operating  churches  should  endow  a  Professorship,  and  that  the  subject 
of  ecclesiastical  union  should  be  presented  to  the  General  Synod  in  a 
memorial.     The  Synod  of  1901,  on  this  subject,  took  the  following  action: 

"That,  with  reference  to  the  memorial  from  the  Classis  of  Arcot,  we 
approve  the  proposed  union  of  native  churches  in  South  India  along  the 
lines  indicated  in  the  memorial,  as  marking  a  notable  advance  toward  the 
fulfilment  of  our  Lord'*  prayer,  "that  they  all  may  be  one.  that  the  world 
may  believe  that  thou  hast  sent  me."     (Page  1099). 

In  Southern  India  the  unity  of  Reformed  churches  holding  the  Presby- 
terian system  was  long  a  recognized  fact,  and  the  Arcot  Theological  Sem- 
inary has  been  resorted  to  by  students  of  the  different  missions.  In 
December,  1900,  the  Presbyterian  Alliance  of  India  met  at  Allahabad  and 
twelve  branches  of  the  Presbyterian  family  in  India  were  represented. 
This  alliance  was  organized  in  1875,  and  five  councils  were  held  between 
that  date  and  1890,  but  no  decisive  action  was  secured  in  the  line  of  or- 
ganic union.  But  the  similar  alliance  of  Europe  and  America  had  often 
urged  upon  the  various  mission  boards  the  advisability  of  such  union  in 
foreign  fields.  The  practicability  of  such  a  step  had  been  seen  in  the 
Amoy  field  and  in  Japan.  Dr.  Chamberlain  had  warmly  advocated  it  in 
America  and  Scotland.  The  Missionary  Conference  in  New  York  in  1900 
had  also  emphasized  the  importance  of  co-operation  in  mission  work,  and 
this  movement  in  South  India  toward  union  began  immediately  after. 

The  Synod  of  South  India  of  the  South  Indian  United  Church  was  con- 
stituted Oct.  21,  1901. 

In  June,  1902,  the  Classis  of  Arcot,  which  had  been  an  integral  part 
of  the  Reformed  Church  of  America  for  half  a  century,  for  the  sake  of 
Church  unity  on  the  Foreign  Field  was  formally  transferred  by  the  General 
Synod  of  the  Reformed  Church  to  the  Synod  of  South  India. 

While  the  missionary  force  of  the  Arcot  Mission  has  not  grown  very 
largely  during  the  last  twenty  years,  the  progress  in  every  department  of 
activity  has  been  gratifying  and  impressive,  and  in  no  particular  more  than 
in  the  development  of  self  support  and  self  government  in  the  indigenous 
church.  The  addition  in  communicants  to  the  United  Church  of  South 
India    brought    about    through    the    instrumentality    of    our    missionaries, 


HISTORY    OF    I-OKEIGX     MISSIONS  20/ 

Indian  pastors  and  catechists  during  the  last  four  years  is  equal  to  that  of 
the  entire  previous  history  of  the  Mission.  This  means  that  the  Arcot 
Mission  is  now  reaping  where  the  founders  sowed  with  so  great  faithful- 
ness in  the  weary  years  of  laying  the  foundations.  The  number  of  com- 
municants rei)orted  by  the  Arcot  Mission  has  arisen  more  than  four 
thousand  while  the  Christian  community  now  approaches  twelve  thousand. 
There  are  about  600  native  associates  assisting  in  the  carrying  on  of  this 
important  work,  while  the  number  of  missionaries,  as  has  been  said,  has 
not  greatly  increased.  There  are  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  boarding 
and  day  schools  with  about  twelve  hundred  pupils.  The  hospitals  and 
dispensaries  number  ten  ministering  each  year  to  about  one  hundred  thou- 
sand patients. 

Such  are  the  direct  results,  but  who  can  estimate  the  indirect  results? 
The  general  awakening  of  thought  throughout  the  whole  empire ;  the 
revolution  that  Hindu  Society  is  undergoing;  the  relaxation  of  caste; 
the  yearning  for  a  purer  faith  on  the  part  of  many.  The  organization  of 
a  Brahma  Somaj  in  the  north,  the  recent  movement  to  restore  the  purer 
religion  of  the  Vedas  in  the  south,  the  formation  of  societies  to  promote 
female  education,  widow  remarriage,  the  other  social  reforms  in  every 
part  of  the  country,  how  can  these  be  accounted  for  except  by  the  spread 
of  Christian  principles,  which  are  arousing  the  consciences  and  quickening 
the  religious  sense  of  the  Hindus?  The  palmy  days  of  Hinduism  are  past, 
never  to  return.  The  Brahmans  are  fast  losing  their  hold  upon  the  people. 
The  leaven  of  Christian  truth  is  now  entering  the  mass  of  the  native  com- 
munity. Faith  in  Indian  <;reeds  and  philosophy  is  being  shaken,  and  is 
giving  place  to  inquiry  and  serious  thought.  The  Sun  of  Righteousness  is 
rising  and  shining  more  and  more  unto  the  perfect  day.  (For  list  of  Mis- 
sionaries in  India  see  Part  Three — "India"). 

THE    JAPAN     MISSION     (1859). 

Nagasaki  was  the  birthplace  of  Protestant  missions  in  Japan.  The 
country  was  opened  to  foreigners  by  the  Treaty  of  1858.  Soon  after,  Dr. 
S.  Wells  Williams,  of  the  American  Board,  and  Rev.  E.  W.  Syles,  of  the 
Episcopal  Church,  visited  Nagasaki.  They  at  once  wrote  to  the  Episcopal, 
the  Presbyterian,  and  the  Reformed  churches  in  America,  urging  them  to 
send  missionaries  to  Japan.  Before  the  close  of  1859  missionaries  from 
these  three  churches  arrived.  Rev.  Guido  F.  Verbeck  settled  at  Nagasaki 
and  Rev.  Samuel  R.  Brown  at  Yokohama.  With  him  was  D.  B.  Simmons, 
M.D.,  who.  however,  withdrew  from  the  mission  in  i860.  In  1861  Rev. 
James  H.  Ballagh  settled  at  Yokohama. 

The  opportunities  for  Christian  teaching  were  few.  The  people  were 
suspicious;  preaching  was  not  allowed.  Edicts  of  the  government  forbade 
the  people's  acceptance  of  Christianity,  imposing  sanguinary  penalties  on  all 
the  subjects  of  the  empire  who  should  disobey.  Besides  these  things  the 
lack  of  knowledge  of  the  language  and  habit  of  thought  of  the  Japanese 
people  was  an  effectual  barrier  to  evangelistic  effort.  The  principal  objects 
of  the  first  few  years'  work,  therefore,  were  the  acquisition  of  the  language 


2o8  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

and  winning  the  confidence  of  the  government  and  people  in  the  religion 
and  aims  of  the  missionaries.  During  these  first  years  there  were  dangers 
and  difficulties  unknown  to  later  times.  From  the  beginning  individual 
inquirers  were  instructed  in  the  Bible  at  the  missionaries'  houses,  and  when 
confidence  was  established,  and  the  severity  of  the  operation  of  the  gov- 
ernment edicts  began  to  be  relaxed,  small  Bible  classes  were  gathered.  The 
first  baptism  was  in  1864,  and  there  were  two  in  1866.  Dr.  Verbeck.  whose 
"History  of  Protestant  Missions  in  Japan"  was  presented  to  the  Missionary 
.Conference  at  Osaka  in  1883,  speaks  of  this  period  as  "the  period  of 
preparation  and  promise"  and  "with  the  exception  of  one  joyful  day  of 
harvest  near  its  close  a  time  of  learning  and  sowing." 

Like  other  early  missionaries,  those  of  the  Reformed  Church  attempted 
something  in  the  way  of  Bible  translation,  but  very  little  of  the  results  of 
this  early  work  was  published.  It  was  difficult  at  that  time  to  find  Japanese 
who  were  willing  to  publish  the  Christian  Scriptures  or  even  to  assist  in  the 
work  of  their  translation. 

In  1865-66  Dr.  Brown  prepared  translations  of  some  portions  of  the 
New  Testament,  but  all  his  manuscripts  perished  in  the  fire  which  destroyed 
his  house  in  1867.  In  1867  Mr.  Ballagh  shared  with  others  the  work  of 
preparing  a  first  draft*  of  the  Gospel  of  Matthew.  This  was  revised  and 
published  in  1873.  In  the  meantime  Dr.  Brown  had  assisted  in  the  revision 
of  the  Gospels  of  Mark  and  John,  which  were  published  in  1872.  After  this 
time  there  was  no  difficulty  in  arranging  for  the  publication  of  the  Scrip- 
tures or  of  any  other  Christian  books.  The  edicts  against  Christianity 
were  removed  from  the  notice  boards,  but  otherwise  the  government  did 
not  withdraw  its  proclamations  ;  nevertheless  it  tacitly  permitted  the  exten- 
sion of  Christiarity  and  the  publication  of  any  books  which  were  directed 
to  this  end. 

Organized  effort  at  Bible  translation  was  begun  by  a  Convention  of  Mis- 
sionaries in  1872,  when  a  committee  was  appointed  to  translate  the  New 
Testament.  Dr.  Brown  gave  himself  almost  entirely  to  the  work  of  this 
committee  for  five  years.  Shortly  before  the  work  was  completed  he  was 
obliged  by  failing  health  to  cease  his  labors  and  return  to  America,  where 
he  died  in  1880.  Dr.  Verbeck  left  Nagasaki  in  1869  and  entered  the  service 
of  the  Japanese  government.  He  rejoined  the  mission  in  1879,  and  devoted 
himself  largely  to  the  work  of  the  committee  appointed  by  the  Convention 
of -Missionaries  in  1878,  to  translate  the  Old  Testament  and  to  have  charge 
of  the  whole  future  work  of  Bible  revision.  The  completion  of  the  trans- 
lation of  the  entire  Bible  was  celebrated  in  February,  1888. 

The  way  was  prepared  for  the  organization  of  the  first  Christian  church 
by  long  and  faithful  labors  with  a  few  men  who  had  been  instructed  indi- 
vidually or  in  classes.  The  event  which  immediately  led  to  the  organiza- 
tion was  a  series  of  prayer  meetings.  "In  January,  1872,  the  missionaries 
at  Yokohama  and  English-speaking  residents  of  all  denominations  united 
in  the  observance  of  the  week  of  prayer.  Some  Japanese  students  con- 
nected with  private  classes  taught  by  the  missionaries  were  present  through 
curiosity  or  through  a  desire-'  to  please  their  teachers,  and  some  perhaps 


HISTORY    OF    FOREIGN    MISSIONS  209 

from  a  true  interest  in  Christianity.  It  was  concluded  to  read  the  Acts,  in 
course,  day  after  day,  and  that  the  Japanese  present  might  take  part  intel- 
ligently in  the  service,  the  Scripture  of  the  day  was  translated  extem- 
poraneously into  their  language.  The  meetings  grew  in  interest  and  were 
continued  from  week  to  week  until  the  end  of  February.  After  a  week  or 
two  the  Japanese,  for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the  nation,  were  on 
their  knees  in  a  Christian  prayer  meeting  entreating  God  with  great  emo- 
tion, with  tears  streaming  down  their  faces,  that  He  would  give  His  Spirit 
to  Japan  as  to  the  early  church  and  to  the  people  around  the  Apostles. 
These  prayers  were  characterized  by  intense  earnestness."  (Address  of 
Rev.  J.  M.  Ferris,  D.D.,  »t  the  Mildmay  Conference,  October,  1878.  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  Osaka  Conference,  page  52).  As  a  direct  fruit  of  these 
prayer  meetings  a  church  was  organized  at  Yokohama,  March  10,  1872. 
It  consisted  of  nine  young  men  who  were  baptized  on  that  day  and  two 
men  of  middle  age  who  had  been  baptized  previously.  The  members 
chose  for  themselves  the  catholic  name  "The  Church  of  Christ  in  Japan." 
This  is  the  one  day  of  joyful  harvest  referred  to  near  the  beginning  of  this 
sketch,  the  forerunner  of  many  similar  days  experienced  in  the  later  history 
of  Christian  work  in  this  land. 

This  church,  now  known  as  the  Kaigan  Church,  has  had  a  career  of 
almost  uninterrupted   spiritual   prosperity. 

Mr.  Ballagh  was  the  acting  pastor  of  this  church  for  several  years,  and, 
under  his  supervision  and  through  his  efforts,  it  was  provided  with  the  first 
church  building  erected  in  Japan.  This  is  of  brick  and  seats  nearly  five 
hundred  people.  It  was  dedicated  July  10,  1875.  (The  sum  of  $1,000, 
contributed  by  native  Christians  in  the  Sandwich  Islands,  was  used  in  the 
erection  of  this  building). 

From  very  early  times  it  was  earnestly  desired  that  the  separate  missions, 
although  representing  different  church  organizations,  should  labor  together 
for  the  establishment  of  one  Japanese  church,  which  should  have  no  organic 
connection  with  any  church  in  another  land.  The  subject  was  fully  dis- 
cussed at  a  convention  in  1872,  when  steps  were  taken  to  secure  similarity 
of  organization  in  the  churches  that  should  be  formed,  in  order  to  their 
union  in  one  body  when  the  proper  time  should  come.  It  was  not,  how- 
ever, until  1876  that  definite  action  was  taken  resulting  in  the  coming 
together  of  the  missions  of  the  churches  of  the  Presbyterian  order  in  one 
council.  These  missions  were  those  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America, 
the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States  of  America,  North,  and  the 
United  Presbyterian  Church  of  Scotland.  The  purposes  of  the  union  at 
that  time  were  but  two,  viz.,  the  fostering  care  of  a  Japanese  church  and 
the  maintenance  of  a  theological  school.  In  all  other  matters  the  missions 
continued  their  separate  work. 

The  churches  under  the  care  of  these  missions  took  as  their  name  "The 
United  Church  of  Christ  in  Japan."  The  Doctrinal  Standards  were  the 
Westminster  Confession  of  Faith  and  Shorter  Catechism,  the  Heidelberg 
Catechism,  and  the  Canons  of  the  Synod  of  Dort.  The  form  of  govern- 
ment was  Presbyterian.    From  the  beginning  the  success  of  the  union  was 


■2IO  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

assured.  This  is  testified  by  the  rapid  growth  of  the  church.  As  the  date 
of  the  organization,  Oct.  3,  1877,  there  were  eight  churches  and  six  hun- 
dred and  twenty-three  members.  These  were  united  in  one  Chu  Kwai 
(Classis).  By  1881  the  number  of  churches  had  increased  so  largely  that 
the  supervision  of  their  work,  the  examination  of  candidates  for  licensure 
and  ordination,  and  other  ecclesiastical  business,  required  more  time  and 
labor  than  one  Chu  Kwai  could  conveniently  give.  Some  of  the  churches 
also  were  situated  at  a  great  distance  from  the  original  center,  and  the 
time  consumed  in  traveling  made  even  the  two  stated  sessions  of  the 
year  a  great  burden.  In  this  year,  therefore,  the  original  Chu  Kwai  was 
divided  into  three,  and  the  Dai  Kwai  (Synod)  already  provided  for  in  the 
constitution  was  formed. 

In  1885  the  mission  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  United  States  of 
America,  South,  and  in  1886  that  of  the  Reformed  (German)  Church  in  the 
United  States  joined  the  Council.  In  1886  two  additional  Chu  Kwai  were 
formed.  It  should  be  mentioned  here  that  the  mission  of  the  Women's 
Union  Missionary  Society,  although  not  represented  in  the  Council  of 
United  Missions,  has  co-operated  with  the  United  Church  from  the  begin- 
ning, and  has  contributed  by  sympathy  and  labor  not  a  little  to  its  successful 
progress. 

The  Church  has  continued  to  grow  in  self-support  and  self-government 
through  recent  years,  although  it  has  not  made  equal  progress  in  self- 
propagation. 

Systematic  evangelistic  work  by  our  mission  was  begun  in  1875  with  the 
assistance  of  Japanese  Christians.  The  restrictions  on  foreign  travel  be- 
yond the  narrow  limits  defined  in  the  treaties  were  a  serious  obstacle.  But 
as  opportunity  offered  the  work  was  carried  on.  The  measure  of  success 
and  the  rapidity  of  results  differed  greatly  in  different  places,  but  there  w^as 
some  measure  of  success  everywhere,  and  soon  stations  began  to  be  estab- 
lished and  churches  organized  in  widely  distant  parts  of  the  country. 
•  Later  the  co-operating  missions  united  a  large  part  of  their  evangelistic 
work  under  the  direction  of  an  Evangelistic  Committee.  This  was  chosen 
by  the  Council  and  included  some  of  the  missionaries  and  a  number  of 
Japanese  ministers  and  elders.  Some  important  parts  of  the  work  could 
not  be  brought  under  this  committee  on  account  of  their  distance  from 
Tokyo,  where  the  meetings  of  the  committee  were  held.  This  was  the  case 
with  all  that  work  which  centered  at  Nagasaki.  The  committee  continued 
its  work  for  two  years,  and  made  distinctly  apparent  the  benefit  of  the 
association  of  the  Japanese  brethren  with  the  missionaries  in  the  direction 
and  responsibility  of  the  work,  and  thus  prepared  the  way  for  a  great 
advance  in  the  development  of  the  United  Church. 

This  advance  was  made  in  1886  when  the  Dai  Kwai  organized  a  Mission 
Board  (Dendo  Kyoku),  and  directed  the  appointment  of  Mission  Commit- 
tees (Dendo  lin)  in  the  different  Chu  Kwai.  Under  the  direction  of  these 
the  evangelistic  work  of  the  church  and  a  large  part  of  that  of  the  missions 
have  been  carried  on  to  the  present  time.  In  the  Board  and  in  each  com- 
mittee one-half  the   membership   is   foreign   and   one-half  Japanese.     The 


HISTORY    OF    FOREIGN    .MISSIONS  211 

churches  are  urged  to  make  their  contributions  to  the  Board  monthly,  and 
the  missions  connected  with  the  Council  supplement  these  contributions  by 
the  gift  of  three  times  the  amount.  The  Board  makes  an  annual  appro- 
priation to  the  Chu  Kwai  fission  Committees,  payable  in  monthly  instal- 
ments, and  these  committees  direct  the  work,  each  within  its  own  bounds. 
This  method  has  passed  beyond  the  period  of  experiment.  As  rapidly  as 
the  contributions  make  it  possible  for  the  committees  to  extend  their  labors 
the  missions  are  passing  their  separate  evangelistic  work  to  their  care. 
The  committees  meet  at  stated  times  to  receive  reports  from  the  ministers 
and  evangelists  in  their  employ,  settle  cases  of  difficulty,  arrange  for  popular 
"Lecture  Meetings."  and  special  gatherings  for  preaching,  and  devise  ways 
and  means  for  the  more  effective  prosecution  of  their  work.  Among  the 
evident  advantages  of  this  arrangement  are  these:  The  foreigners  and 
Japanese  work  together  on  equal  terms ;  the  leaders  in  the  work  of  the 
church  understand  and  confide  in  one  another  more  and  more  largely  ;  the 
field  is  better  understood ;  its  wants  are  more  easily  and  quickly  met ;  the 
helpers  are  more  thoroughly  supervised  than  they  could  be  by  the  foreign 
missionary  alone,  and  the  church  is  educated  to  the  support  and  manage- 
ment of  the  work  of  evangelizing  the  empire. 

In  1917  the  stations  at  the  extreme  North  of  Japan,  Morioko  and  Amori, 
were  handed  over  to  the  Mission  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  the  United 
Slates  as  more  closely  related  to  the  territory  occupied  by  that  Mission, 
and  in  the  same  year  the  two  missions  which  started  out  as  one  in  1859 
and  continued  so  for  thirty  years  were  reunited  in  a  single  mission. 

In  the  early  days  of  Christian  work  in  Japan  the  members  of  the  mission 
were  sometimes  engaged  in  teaching  in  the  government  schools.  Dr.  Ver- 
beck  was  so  engaged  at  Nagasaki  for  several  years,  and  on  his  removal  to 
Tokyo  was  the  government's  trusted  adviser  in  the  organization  of  the  Im- 
perial University,  of  which  he  was  the  first  Superintendent.  Dr.  Brown 
also  taught  in  the  government  school  at  Niigata  for  a  year,  and  after  his 
return  to  Yokohama  had  a  class  of  young  men  under  his  care  from  which 
have  come  some  of  the  most  trusted  ministers  of  the  United  Church,  and 
some  valued  assistants  of  missionaries  of  other  denominations.  The  care 
of  this  class  was  afterward  shared  by  several  members  of  the  mission,  and 
it  was  removed  to  Tokyo  in  1877  on  the  organization  of  the  Union  Theo- 
logical School.  During  the  following  year  an  effort  was  made  to  carry  on 
a  boys'  school  at  Yokohama,  but  the  Synod's  Board  could  not  supply  the 
means  for  sustaining  it  and  it  failed.  Professor  Martin  N.  Wyckoff  ar- 
rived in  1881  and  organized  a  school  known  as  the  Sen  Shi  Gakko.  This 
was  well  sustained  and  successful.  It  was  removed  to  Tokyo  two  years 
later  and  united  with  the  Tsukiji  Dai  Gakko  of  the  American  Presbyterian 
Mission,  the  two  becoming  the  Union  College. 

By  the  co-operation  of  the  three  missions  in  1877  the  Union  Theological 
School  had  been  organized.  This  was  carried  on  for  nine  years  by  one  rep- 
resentative  from  each  of   the  three   missions. 

In  1886  the  educational  work  of  these  missions  was  further  unified  by 
the  organization  of  the  institution  known  as  Meiji  Gakuin  ;  "Meiji"  being 


212  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA 

the  name  of  the  era  of  the  Emperor  and  meaning  "Enlightened  Govern- 
ment," and  "Gakuin"  meaning  "a  hall  of  learning."  In  this  institution  the 
Union  College  became  the  Academic  Department,  and  the  Union  The- 
ological School  the  Japanese  (i.  e.,  vernacular)  Theological  Department. 
A  special  department  was  added,  providing  instruction  through  the  medium 
of  the  English  language  in  theology  and  other  special  studies  for  the 
graduates  of  the  Academic  Department.  The  instruction  in  the  Academic 
Department  is  for  the  most  part  in  English,  and  that  in  the  Theological 
Department  in  either  English  or  Japanese  at  the  discretion  of  the  several 
professors.  A  series  of  optional  post-graduate  courses  has  been  provided 
for  the  graduates  of  the  Academic  Department,  to  which  the  theological 
students,  ministers  residing  in  Tokyo,  and  others,  are  to  be  admitted  sub- 
ject to  suitable  regulations. 

The  aim  of  the  Meiji  Gakuin  is  to  provide  for  its  students  a  thorough 
education  under  Christian  influences,  and  especially  to  train  young  men  for 
the  Christian  ministry.  Hebrew  is  not  taught,  and  in  Greek  instruction  has 
thus  far  been  given  only  in  the  elements.  Apart  from  these  studies  the 
curriculum  of  the  Theological  Department  does  not  differ  widely  from  that 
ef  our  theological  seminaries  at  home. 

The  general  government  is  lodged  in  a  Board  of  Directors,  composed 
of  seven  foreign  and  seven  Japanese  members.  The  immediate  administra- 
tion is  under  the  faculties  of  the  two  departments. 

In  1887  Sandham  and  Hepburn  halls  were  built,  and  the  Academic  De- 
partment opened  its  full  term.  Sandham  Hall  contains  class  rooms,  besides 
offices.  Hepburn  Hall  is  a  dormitory  for  students.  Harris  Hall,  built 
in  1888,  is  a  dormitory  for  theological  students.  There  are  also  dwelling 
houses  for  the  teachers.    The  library  contains  about  12,000  volumes. 

In  1891  Dr.  Hepburn  resigned  his  position  as  President,  which  he  had 
held  since  1887,  and  in  his  place  the  Rev.  Kajinosuke  Ibuka  was  elected  to 
the  post,  which  he  has  filled  so  well  and  so  acceptably  ever  since.  The  next 
year  the  institution  lost  the  services  of  Dr.  Amerman,  who  had  been  so 
closely  connected  with  it  and  had  done  so  much  for  it  from  the  beginning. 
He  has  left  a  record  in  the  number  of  works  translated  into  Japanese, 
chiefly  the  results  of  his  lectures  on  Systematic  Theology.  In  the  same  year 
Dr.  Knox,  who  also  had  done  efficient  work  as  a  teacher,  retired  to  return 
to  America. 

The  purpose  of  the  Academic  Department  is  not  only  to  give  a  good 
education,  but  to  add  instruction  in  the  truths  of  Christianity  and  to  en- 
deavor to  build  up  Christian  character.  There  is  a  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association,  and  some  of  its  members  teach  in  Sunday-schools. 

The  course  of  instruction  in  the  Theological  Department  includes  at 
present  the  following  subjects:  Old  Testament  Introduction,  History,  and 
Theology;  New  Testament  Introduction  and  Theology,  the  Life  of  Christ, 
and  Exegesis  of  the  Epistles  ;  Reading  in  English,  General  History,  History 
of  the  Church  and  History  of  Doctrine ;  Church  Polity,  Homiletics,  Ethics, 
Apologetics,  Philosophy  of  Religion,  and  Systematic  Theology.  A  course 
of  lectures  on  Pastoral  Theology  is  generally  delivered  by  one  of  the  Jap- 
anese pastors  in  the  city  or  neighborhood. 


HISTORY    OF    FOREIGN    MISSIONS  213 

All  the  students  are  during  the  term  engaged  in  religious  work  among 
the  diflferent  churches  or  Sunday-schools  of  the  city;  some  of  them  regu- 
larly supply  preaching  stations  in  and  around  the  city. 

The  Meiji  Gakuin  has  continued  its  useful  career  through  recent  years 
under  the  principalship  of  Dr.  K.  Ibuka,  who,  after  the  completion  of 
thirty  years  of  distinguished  service  resigned  in  1920,  and  was  succeeded 
by  a  member  of  our  Mission,  Dr.  Oltmans.  The  institution  has  grown 
greatly  in  numbers  and  now  has  nearly  five  hundred  students.  Its  build- 
ings and  equipment  also  have  been  increasing. 

In  1870  Miss  Mary  E.  Kidder  began  teaching  at  Yokohama,  with  a  class 
of  four  pupils,  and  soon  after  opened  a  girls'  day  school  under  the  patron- 
age of  the  Governor  of  the  Port.  A  few  of  the  pupils  were  converted 
and  the  school  was,  on  the  whole,  satisfactory,  but  from  a  missionary  point 
of  view  a  thoroughly  successful  day  school  seemed  impossible.  The 
parents  of  many  of  the  pupils  resided  in  the  vicinity  but  a  short  time,  and 
during  this  time  the  pupils  were  in  the  school  only  a  portion  of  each  day. 
There  was  little  hope,  therefore,  that  the  impressions  made  would  be  last- 
ing. A  boarding  school  was  needed.  After  some  delay  the  lease  of  a  lot 
of  ground  on  the  Bluf?  at  Yokohama  was  obtained  in  1874  and  a  school 
building  erected.  Miss  Kidder  had  been  married  in  July,  1873.  to  Rev. 
E.  Rothesay  Miller,  and  thenceforward  conducted  the  school  with  her 
husband's  assistance. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Miller,  returning  to  America  on  furlough  in  1879.  resigned 
the  care  of  the  school.  In  1881  Rev.  Eugene  S.  Booth,  who  had  come 
from  Nagasaki  in  search  of  health,  undertook  the  care  of  the  school  at  the 
request  of  the  mission.  Prior  to  1881  the  number  of  pupils  in  attendance 
at  any  one  time  had  not  exceeded  40.  but  the  opportunity  of  broadening  the 
influence  of  the  school  was  presented  in  the  rapidly  growing  desire  among 
the  Japanese  people  for  the  education  of  women,  and  the  accommodations 
for  pupils  were  increased  by  the  enlargement  of  the  building  in  1882.  The 
number  of  pupils  soon  exceeded  a  hundred.  The  desire  for  still  further 
enlarging  the  work  was  placed  before  the  church  at  home  by  Mr.  Booth 
during  his  visit  to  America  in  1886,  and  funds  were  provided  for  the  pur- 
chase of  an  adjoining  lot  and  the  erection  of  an  additional  building.  This 
is  Van  Schaick  Hall.  The  school  is  thus  provided  with  a  much-needed 
chapel,  additional  recitation  rooms,  and  dormitory  accommodations,  and 
can  accommodate  about  two  hundred  boarders.  The  grade  of  the  school 
has  been  advanced  beyond  what  was  desirable  in  the  former  period  of  its 
history  and  is  equal  to  that  of  any  other  girls'  school  under  mission  direc- 
tion.    This  school  was  later  named  for  Dr.  Ferris. 

Ferris  Seminary  has  been  one  of  the  most  useful  and  singularly  effective 
missionary  institutions  in  Japan.  Its  particular  field  has  been  in  building  up 
a  Christian  womanhood  with  a  view,  not  only  to  the  homes,  but  to  leader- 
ship in  the  increasing  activities  falling  to  women  in  Japan,  especially  in 
these  later  years.  Dr.  Eugene  S.  Booth  has  been  the  very  successful 
principal  of  this  institution  for  forty  years,  and  has  been  decorated  by  the 
Japanese  Government  for  his  service,  particularly  to  women's  education  in 


214  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Japan.  The  buildings  have  increased  in  numbers  and  pupils  have  crowded 
the  halls  until  they  now  number  two  hundred  and  fifty.  To  be  a  graduate 
of  Ferris  Seminary  is  a  distinction  in  Japan. 

Rev.  Henry  Stout  arrived  at  Nagasaki  in  1869,  just  prior  to  Dr.  Ver- 
beck's  removal  to  Tokyo,  and  for  more  than  three  years  engaged  in  teach- 
ing in  government  schools.  This  vv^ork  was  relinquished  as  soon  as  it  was 
thought  that  the  time  had  come  for  direct  mission  work,  and  a  boys'  school 
was  opened  at  the  mission  residence.  The  Bible  was  the  principal  text-book 
and  instruction  in  English  was  offered  as  an  inducement  for  young  men  to 
attend.  Mrs.  Stout  began  a  school  for  girls  also  at  the  mission  residence 
fn  1873.  The  pupils  soon  became  so  many  that  they  could  not  be  accommo- 
dated. An  arrangement  was,  therefore,  made  by  which  both  these  schools 
were  removed  to  the  native  town.  In  the  course  of  a  few  weeks  about  50 
girls  and  30  boys  were  in  attendance.  Difficulties  soon  arose,  however,  on 
account  of  the  use  of  the  Bible,  and  the  Japanese  patrons  caused  the  school 
to  be  closed;  The  work  was  resumed  at  the  mission  residence.  Afterward, 
through  tbe  kindness  of  a  Christian  foreigner,  a  school  house  was  built  on 
the  mission  property  and  the  school  was  removed  to  it. 
■  From  this  time  untij  1886  school  work,  both  for  boys  and  girls,  was  car- 
rifed  on  amid  alternations  of  hope  and  disappointment.  In  i88r  Rev.  Mr. 
Booth  opened  a  boys'  school  and  Mr.  Stout  began  to  teach  a  theological 
class  of  four  students.  Two  of  these  are  now  most  eflfective  ministers  of 
"the  Gospel. 

'••Meantime,  the  Synod's  Board  had  received  from  its  President  a  gift  for 
the  establishment  of  the  William  H.  Steele,  Jr.,  Memorial  School,  and  under 
the  care  of  Rev.  Albert  Oltmans  and  Mrs.  Oltmans,  the  mission  educational 
work  for  boys  in  Nagasaki  began  a  career  of  prosperity.  A  suitable  loca- 
tion had  already  been  chosen,  and  the  erection  of  buildings  for  class  rooms 
and  dormitories  begun.  These  were  formally  opened  in  the  autumn  of 
1887. 

Instruction  is  given  in  the  Academic  Department  in  English,  Japanese, 
arithmetic,  and  sodie  other  common  English  branches,  as  geography  -and 
physiology.     There  is  daily  instruction  in  the  Bible  for  all  the  students. 

Steele  Academy  has  similarly  made  large  progress  in  recent  .yea,rs.  Under 
the  vigorous  and  most  successful  principalship  of  Mr.  Anthony  Walvoord, 
its  progi^ess  was  very  conspicuous.  The  buildings  and  equipment  have 
increased  as  also  the  attendance.  This  is  one  of  the  strong  institutions 
of  Japan.  . 

The  Misses  Farrington  were  sent  to  Nagasaki  in  1878  and  began  teach- 
ing a  class  of  girls  with  the  hope  that  it  would  be  the  nucleus  of  a  school, 
but  they  were  obliged  by  sickness  to  relinquish  the  work  and  returned  to 
America 'the  following  year.  As  far  as  time  and  strength  permitted,  Mrs. 
Stout  had  before  this  been  teaching  such  girls  as  she  could  gather  about  her, 
and  now  she  again  taught  a  small  class,  hoping  that  other  ladies  might  be 
^ent  from  home' tb  revive  the  school.  Several  years  elapsed  before  the 
expected  reihfoVc'eWients  arrived,  and  then,  on  account  of  the  necessity  for 
Stfidyitig  the  Japarie§e  language,  several  years  rtiore  passed  before  anything 


HISTORY    OF    FOREIGN'    MISSIONS  21 5 

could  be  done  beside  the  teaching  of  a  small  class.  In  1887  the  school 
building  for  the  Jonathan  Sturges  Seminary  was  completed,  and  in  Sep- 
tember the  school  was  opened. 

In  1913  Sturges  Seminary  was  united  with  a  smaller  institution  for  girls 
maintained  by  the  Presbyterians  and  removed  to  Shimononseki.  where  new 
buildings  were  erected  on  a  beautiful  site,  and  the  joint  institutions  con- 
tinuing the  name  of  Sturges,  Seminary  started  out  on  a  new  and  very 
successful  career. 

The  ladies  connected  with  the  Ferris  and  Jonathan  Sturges  Seminaries 
do  such  work  as  time  and  opportunity  allow  in  the  families  of  the  pupils. 

The  wives  of  our  missionaries  are  not  idle.  They  too,  whenever  pos- 
sible, have  their  Bible,  Sewing  and  English  classes,  generally  connected 
with  some  church  or  school  in  the  cities  where  they  reside. 

The  work  for  women  has  developed  greatly  in  our  Mission  through  the 
increasing  number  of  lady  missionaries  and  the  enlarged  opportunities 
offered  in  Japan.  Almost  every  station  has  a  lady  missionary  devoted  en- 
tirely to  evangelistic  and  educational  work,  and  the  bulk  of  this  work 
constitutes  each  year  a  large  part  of  the  activity  of  the  Mission. 

During  the  last  few  years  much  discussion  has  ranged  about  the  question 
of  self-support  and  the  relation  of  the  missionaries  to  the  native  church 
organization.  Without  going  into  a  special  consideration  of  these  ques- 
tions, we  may  say  that  the  native  Christians  have  been  gradually  collecting 
more  and  more  money.  They  realize  that  contributions  to  local  e.xpenses 
is  a  reasonable  service  and  duty.  The  influence  of  the  Synod,  Classes,  and 
church  papers,  too,  is  strongly  this  way. 

.  In  earlier  years,  while  the  native  church  was  still  in  swaddling  clothes, 
the  missions,  of  necessity,  did  all  the  thinking  and  planning  for  it.  With 
the  growth  and  development  of  the  church,  it  has  assumed  its  own  re- 
sponsibilities and  is  discharging  its  own  proper  functions.  This  is  naturally 
a  time  when  difticult  questions  arise,  and  friction  often  develops.  ■  In  this 
field  we  have  been  singularly  free  from  difficulties  of  this  order.  The 
mission  cares  for  nothing  more  than  an  advisory  relation,  in  matters  purely 
ecclesiastical,  and  this  the  native  church  freely  accords,  while  in  matters 
pertaining  to  our  educational  work  or  evengelism  pure  and  simple,  we  have 
constantly  enjoyed  the  sympathetic  co-operation  of  the  brethren  of  the 
native  church  organization.  (For  list  of  Missionaries  in  Japan  .<;ee  Part 
Three,  "Japan"). 

THE    .-VR-VBLVN     MISSION      (1889), 

Interest  in  missions  was  especially  active  in  the  Xew  Brunswick  Seminary 
in  1888-9.  The  students,  James  Cantine  and  Philip  T.  Phelps,  of  the 
senior  class,  and  Samuel  M.  Zwemer,  of  the  middle  class,  decided  to  go 
to  the  foreign  field  and  to  enter  on  pioneer  work.  Upon  consultation  with 
Professof  Lansing,  they  chose  the  Mohammedan  world.  They  proposed 
that  this  new  work  should  be  supported  by  subscriptions  of  from  five 
dollars  to  two  hundred  by  individuals,  churches  or  other  organizations. 
These  first  subscriptions   were  to   run    for  five   years,  when   the   missfdn 


2l6  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA 

was  to  pass  under  the  direct  supervision  of  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions 
of  the  church.  The  plan  was  presented  to  the  General  Synod  of  1888.  It 
was  referred  to  the  consideration  of  the  Board,  but  the  Board  felt  unable 
to  assume  any  supervision  at  that  time  of  this  new  enterprise. 

The  mission  was,  however,  inaugurated  independently  on  Aug.  i,  1889. 
It  took  for  its  motto,  "Oh,  that  Ishmael  might  live  before  Thee!"  The  field 
chosen  was  Arabia.  A  Committee  of  Advice  from  four  of  the  contributors 
was  appointed.  Under  the  circumstances,  the  mission  was  undenomina- 
tional. The  amount  needed  was  to  be  simply  the  amount  needed'  to  equip 
and  support  the  missionaries  sent.  The  mission  was  incorporated  in  New 
Jersey  and  it  at  once  received  a  legacy  of  nearly  $5,000  from  Catharine 
Jane  Halstead. 

On  Oct.   16,  1889.  James  Cantine  sailed.     Samuel  M.  Zwemer  sailed  in 

1890.  These  two  pioneers  visited  Syria  and  from  there  went  to  Cairo. 
On  Dec.  18,  1890,  Mr.  Cantine  left  Cairo  for  Aden,  and  on  Jan.  8,  1891,  Mr. 
Zwemer  took  steamer  for  Suakim  to  consult  with  General  Haig,  a  great 
friend  of  missions  to  the  Mohammedans. 

The  two  missionaries  at  first  explored   southwestern   Arabia.     In   May, 

1891,  Mr.  Cantine  went  to  Muscat  and  the  Persian  Gulf,  while  Mr.  Zwemer 
studied  the  possibilities  of  an  opening  in  Yemen.  Mr.  Cantine  visited 
Bahrein  and  other  ports,  finally  going  on  to  Basrah  and  Bagdad.  But 
Basrah  (Bossora)  seemed  to  be  the  proper  place  in  which  to  begin  opera- 
tions. An  English  physician  having  just  left  this  field,  a  strong  plea  was 
made  for  an  American  physician,  in  order  thus  to  gain  the  attention  and 
confidence  of  the  people.  In  1892  C.  E.  Riggs,  M.D.,  was  sent  out,  but  it 
soon  became  necessary  to  revoke  his  commission.  This  event,  with  the 
illness  of  Professor  Lansing,  and  a  decrease  in  the  subscriptions,  were 
serious  blows  to  the  work.  But  the  missionaries  on  the  field,  nothing 
daunted,  made  an  urgent  appeal  for  five  more  men,  and,  to  facilitate  mat- 
ters, asked  the  reduction  of  their  own  salaries.  They  believed  that  the  best 
way  to  succeed  was  to  extend  the  work  and  trust  in  God.  In  1892  Rev. 
P.  J.  Zwemer  joined  the  mission.  Arrangements  were  also  now  made 
with  the  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society  to  carry  on  their  Bible  work  in 
this  field. 

In  1893  Bahrein  was  occupied  as  a  second  station.  Within  a  year  200 
portions  of  Scriptures  had  been  sold.  Eastern  Arabia  was  now  also  visited, 
perhaps  for  the  first  time  in  recent  centuries,  by  a  Christian  missionary. 

In  1894  James  T.  Wyckoflf,  M.D.,  sailed  for  the  Arabian  field.  He  visited 
Constantinople  on  his  way  to  secure  a  Turkish  diploma  also,  to  facilitate 
his  work.  He  arrived  at  Basrah  in  March,  1895.  But  a  severe  attack  of  sick- 
ness compelled  his  speedy  relinquishment  of  the  field. 

In  1893  Peter  J.  Zwemer  visited  Maskat.  The  prospects  for  work  in 
Oman  were  so  encouraging  that  it  was  decided  he  should  occupy  that  field. 

After  many  difficulties  in  the  home  administration  of  this  mission  it  was 
finally  transferred  to  the  care  of  the  regular  Board  in  June,  1894.  The 
distinct  existence  of  the  old  corporation  was  still  preserved,  but  its  mem- 
bers, for  convenience,  are  chosen  from  the  members  of  the  regular  Foreign 


HISTORY    OF    FOREIGN    MISSIONS  21/ 

Board.  This  put  the  administration  of  the  Arabian  Mission  in  experienced 
hands.  In  1895.  after  seven  years  of  labor  in  Arabia,  Mr.  Cantine  visited 
America  on  furlough.  Rev.  S.  M.  Zwemer  was  now  transferred  to  Basrah, 
and  Bahrein  was  left  uncared  for.  The  enervating  character  of  the  climate 
caused  the  missionaries  great  discomfort,  while  at  the  same  time  touring 
was  rendered  impracticable  by  tribal  wars.  Maskat  was  captured  by  the 
Bedouins,  the  mission  house  was  looted,  and  Peter  J.  Zwemer  was  obliged 
to  take  refuge  with  the  British  Consulate.  The  Bible  work  at  Basrah  was 
also  stopped  by  Turkish  authority,  the  Bible  shop  was  closed,  and  the  col- 
porteurs arrested. 

The  arrival  of  Dr.  H.  K.  L.  Worrall  in  1895,  possessing  also  a  Turkish 
medical  diploma,  again  gained  the  hearts  of  the  people;  but  a  severe  sick- 
ness during  his  first  summer  on  the  field  interfered  with  the  work.  But 
Mr.  Cantine's  visit  to  America  had  excited  new  interest  for  this  Arabian 
mission.  During  the  same  year  a  new  station  was  opened  at  Amara  and 
there  were  some  earnest  inquirers. 

Work  for  the  women  of  Eastern  Arabia  was  begun  in  1896  by  Mrs.  S. 
M.  Zwemer.  She  had  left  the  mission  of  The  Church  Missionary  Society, 
at  Bagdad,  in  order  to  marry  Mr.  Zwemer.  First  at  Basrah,  then  at  a 
Bahrein  and  Kateef,  she  inaugurated  woman's  work.  Extensive  tours 
were  also  now  made  by  Rev.  P.  J.  Zwemer  with  native  colporteurs.  One  of 
the  latter  visited  the  pirate  coast  of  Katar  and  sold  over  a  hundred  por- 
tions of  Scripture.  There  has  been  a  great  increase  in  these  sales,  80  per 
cent,  of  them  being  made  to  Molsems. 

In  the  autumn  of  1895  Mr.  Cantine  returned  to  the  field.  In  1896  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Zwemer  left  on  a  furlough.  Mr.  P.  J.  Zwemer  now  started  a 
school  of  18  African  slave  boys.  A  hand  press  also  now  began  to  be 
used,  and  a  little  tract  was  at  once  issued,  in  Arabic  :  "Mohammed  or  Christ 
—On  Which  Do  You  Rely?" 

At  Basrah  the  medical  work  brought  many  within  the  hearing  of  the 
Gospel.  Dr.  Worrall  also  began  work  at  Nasariah.  At  Amara  inquirers 
were  found. 

At  the  close  of  1897  Rev.  F.  J.  Barny  arrived  on  the  field  and  began 
the  study  of  the  language.  In  1898  Rev.  P.  J.  Zwemer,  quite  broken  down 
in  health,  returned  to  America  and  died.  Four  new  missionaries  now  went 
to  this  field.  Miss  Margaret  Rice  (now  Mrs.  F.  J.  Barny)  and  Rev. 
George  E.  Stone  sailed  with  Mr.  and  Mrs.  S.  M.  Zwemer  on  their  return  in 
August,  1898.  Sharon  J.  Thoms,  M.D.,  and  Marion  Wells  Thoms,  M.D.. 
of  the  University  of  Michigan,  arrived  on  the  field  in  December.  1898. 
But  Mr.  Stone  died  on  June  26,  1899.  Soon  after  Rev.  H.  J.  Wiersum  and 
Rev.  J.  E.  Moerdyk  went  to  the  Arabian  field,  but  Mr.  Wiersum  died 
in   1 901.     Many  others  have  since  followed. 

The  work  of  the  Arabian  Mission  is  developing  with  impressiveness 
parallel  to  the  conditions  in  the  other  mission  fields  during  the  last  twenty 
years.  The  old  stations  of  Basrah,  Bahrein  and  Maskat  have  been  strength- 
ened with  a  number  of  missionaries  and  further  equipment  for  service  and 
new  stations  have  been  opened  at  Nasariah  (1919),  Amara  (1920),  Bagh- 


2l8  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IX    AMERICA 

dad  (1921).  Medical  work  has  been  very  effective  in  softening  the  heart 
of  the  Moslem  and  irr  affording  opportunity   for  evangelistic  work. 

The  Mason  Memorial  Hospital  built  from  funds  supplied  by  the  family 
of  Rev.  A.  De  Witt  Mason  has  done  a  peculiarly  valuable  work  from  the 
center  at  Bahrein,  its  influence  reaching  far  into  the  interior  of  the 
Nejd.  In  recent  years  this  hospital  has  been  in  the  care  of  Dr.  Paul 
W.  Harrison,  who  is  carrying  his  medical  ministrations  two  hundred  and 
fifty  miles  into  the  interior  going  as  far  as  the  important  capital  at  Riadh. 

The  Lansing  Memorial  Hospital  at  Bahrein,  built  from  funds  supplied 
by  Miss  Lansing,  Albany,  has  done  a  peculiarly  effective  work  in  this 
important  and  rapidly  growing  city.  It  was  through  this  hospital  that  the 
openirg  of  the  new  station  at  Kuweit  was  made  possible.  The  medical 
missionaries  particularly  identified  with  the  work  of  this  hospital  are  Dr. 
and  Mrs.  Arthur  K.  Bennett.  Mrs.  Bennett,  also  a  physician,  lost  her  life 
through  her  devotion  to  the, work  of  this  hospital  during  the  period  of  the 
war.  The  hospital  at  Kuweit,  built  from  funds  supplied  by  a  member  of 
the  Church  at  Bronxville.  New  York,  has  also  rendered  a  wide  service. 
This  has  been  in  the  care  of  Dr.  C.  S.  G.  Mylrea.  More  recently  a  Dis- 
pensary for  Women  has  been  opened  in  Kuweit,  which  has  been  under  the 
care  of  Mrs.  E.  E.  Calverley. 

As  a  direct  result  of  the  War,  Upper  Mesopotamia  has  been  opened  to 
evangelistic  work  through  the  withdrawal  of  Turkey  from  political  rela- 
tions with  this  area.  Dr.  Cantine  occupied  Baghdad  in  1921,  the  Church 
Missionary  Society  having  withdrawn  its  missionaries  from  that  city  and 
from  the  entire  area.  Plans  are  now  being  formed  for  the  occupancy 
of  Upper  Mesopotamia  through  the  joint  responsibility  placed  upon  the 
Missionary  Societies  of  the  Presbyterian-Reformed  order,  who  now  have 
missions  in  the  neighboring,  territory  of  Persia  and  Syria.  Large  op- 
portunities are  also  offered  for  the  occupancy  of  the  interior  of  Arabia  in 
fulfillment  of  the  plans  so  persistently  maintained  by  the  Mission  through 
all  its  history. 

Dr.  John  Van  Ness  is  making  the  contribution  which  is  so  characteristic 
of  missionaries  toward  the  building  up  of  a  Christian  literature  in  the 
language  of  the  country.  He  is  the  author  of  an  Arabic  Grammar  and 
Reader  now  in  general  use. 

The  missionary  staff  consists  of  about  thirty-five  members  all  now 
eagerly  awaiting  the  opportunities  for  more  open  evangelistic  work  in  this 
cradle  of  Islam.     (For  list  of  Missionaries  see  Part  III,  Arabia). 


CHAPTER  XXIX. 
HISTORY  OF  DOMESTIC  MISSIONS. 

REVISED    BY    WILLIAM    T.    PEMAKEST,    LL.D..    SECRETARY    OF    THE 
BOARD   OF    DOMESTIC    MISSION'S. 

FIRST    PERIOD — 1786-1806. 

Until   the   independence   of    the   American    Reformed   churches    in    1772 
they  were  themselves   missionary  ground.     In    1786   the  old    Synod  took 
the  first  action  on  the  subject  of  Missions,  appointing  Messrs.  Westerlo, 
D.  Romeyn,  H.  Schoonmaker.  and  H.  Meyer  a  committee  to  devise  some 
plan  for  sending  the  Gospel  to  the  destitlite  localities,  and  to  report  to  the 
next  Synod.     This  action  was  induced  by  a  request   from  the  inhabitants 
of  Saratoga  to  be  furnished  with  the  preaching  of  the  Word.     The  Classis 
of   Albany   was   requested  to   attend  to  their   wants,   in   the  meantime,  by 
occasional  supplies.     Plans  were  presented  the  ne.xt  year,  but  the  subject 
postponed,  and  Dr.   Hardenbergh  added  to   the  committee'.     They  finally 
recommended  that  voluntary  collections  be  taken  up  in  all  the  congrega- 
tions, as  manifestations  of  their  love,  to  aid  in  the  extension  of  the  Church. 
The  moneys  so  collected  were  to  be  laid  on  the  tables  of  the  Classes,  and 
through  them  transferred  to  the  Synod.     Each  Classis  was  also  specially 
directed  to  look  after  the  destitute  fields  within  its  own  bounds.     In   1791 
appeals  came  from  Hardy  County,  at  the  headwaters  of  the  Potomac,  in 
West  Virginia,  asking  for  help.     They  were  supplied  through  the  ordina- 
tion of  a  Christian  physician  residing  there.     (Jennings).     The  subject 
of  church  extension  is  found  inserted,  as  an  item  in  the  regular  business 
of  each  Classis   in    1790,  and  moneys   began   to   come   into   Synod's   hands 
for  this  cause.     A  Classis  at  this  time  would  collect  from  ten-  to  tweftty- 
five  pounds  annually.     The  Synod  could  now  begin  to  act.     A  comfnittee 
was  appointed   to   find  persons   willing  to  undertake   mission   tours,   while 
the  Classis  of  Albany  was  requested  still  to  take  special  charge  of  the  needy 
in  their  vicinity.     The  next  year,  the  Synod  made  the  Dcputati  Syiwdi  a 
committee  on  church  extension,  to  take  entire  charge  of  the  matter,  and 
report  to  the  Synod ;   but  with  the  constitution  of  the  General  Synod,  two 
years  later  their  duties  in  this  office  seems  to  have  ceased.     Appeals  also 
came   from  the   distant    Kentucky,  and    from   the   Susquehanna.'     In    1792 
Andrew   Gray,   of    Poughkeepsie.   undertook   a   tour   to   the    latter   region, 
spending  six  weeks,  while  his  pulpit  was  supplied  by  the  Synod.    Two  years 
later  the  brethren  Cornelison  and   S.  Ostrander  made  similar  fours,  the 
former  going  up  the  Delaware  as  far  as  the  Great  Bend,  and  thence  across 
to  the  Susquehanna,  and  down  the  same  to  Wyoming,  spending  eight  weeks ; 


'See  Conewago,  under  list  of  churches. 

219 


220  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA 

while  the  latter  proceeded  from  Catskill  to  Jericho,  at  the  Unadilla,  and 
thence  to  Schenenas,  Cherry  Valley,  and  the  Onondaga,  for  the  same 
length  of  time.  Mr.  Cornelison  established  the  first  church  in  our  domestic 
missionary  efforts,  at  Tioga,  under  the  name  of  the  Church  of  Union,  in 
the  Chenango  Valley,  near  Binghamton  (1794). 

In  1796  the  people  of  Salt  River,^  Mercer  County,  Ky.,  forwarded  a  call  to 
the  Classis  of  New  Brunswick,  earnestly  requesting  them  to  fill  it.  Peter 
Labagh,  a  student  of  Froeligh,  offered  to  visit  this  field,  provided  he  could 
be  ordained  as  a  missionary  before  going.  The  Synod  consented,  and  the 
Classis  of  Hackensack,  to  which  he  belonged,  put  the  call  in  his  hands. 
Furnished  with  £30,  he  started.  He  organized  a  church  of  one  hundred 
families  at  Salt  River,  but  on  account  of  their  distance,  their  unsettled  state, 
and  the  improbability  of  his  denomination  extending  in  that  remote  locality, 
he  returned  their  call.  About  the  same  time  George  Brinkerhofif  undertook 
a  mission  to  the  Genesee  country,  spending  eight  weeks.  The  Classis  of 
Albany  urged  again  on  Synod  the  duty  of  devising  some  effectual  way  to 
meet  the  many  prayers  which  were  made  for  the  Bread  of  Life.  The  Synod, 
however,  only  postponed  the  further  consideration  of  their  request.  In 
1797  John  Duryee  and  Peter  Stryker,  and  in  1798  Jacob  Sickles  and  Samuel 
Smith,  undertook  similar  missions  to  those  already  mentioned.  At  the 
close  of  the  century  all  the  Classes  were  forwarding  money  (most  of  the 
churches  contributing)  except  the  Classis  of  Kingston,  for  the  cause  of 
church   extension. 

In  the  meantime,  the  Classis  of  Albany  became  specially  prominent  for 
its  zeal  in  this  cause.  In  1798  they  employed  Robert  McDowell,  one  of 
their  ministers,  as  their  missionary  to  Canada,  who.  in  a  short  time,  organ- 
ized six  large  churches,  embracing  more  than  four  hundred  families,  along 
the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  northern  shores  of  Ontario.  The  people  there 
seemed  hungry  for  the  Bread  of  Life.  In  1800  he  permanently  settled  over 
three  of  these  churches.  (McDowell).  Six  other  missionaries  were  also 
employed  by  them,  drawing  their  expenses  from  the  funds  of  the  Synod. 
The  Synod,  in  1800,  formally  appointed  the  Classis  of  Albany  to  take 
charge  of  all  the  missionary  operations  in  the  north.  (.1/.  G.  S.,  i.  307,  an 
interesting  report).  With  the  increase  of  churches,  several  new  Classes 
were  organized. 

But  the  cause  somewhat  languished  after  this,  for  want  of  men  and 
means.  Yet,  in  1804,  the  first  legacy  for  any  of  the  benevolent  operations 
of  the  church  was  left  by  a  Christian  lady,  Sarah  de  Peyster.  Upon 
inquiry,  the  Synod  informed  her  executors  that  the  Classis  of  Albany  was 
their  society  for  receiving  such  funds. 

For  eight  years  Canada  had  been  the  sole  field  of  operations.  The 
Classis  of  New  Brunswick  complained  that  there  were  destitute  places 
within  their  bounds  which  ought  to  participate  in  the  funds.  In  1806, 
therefore,  the  Particular  Synod  of  New  York  requested  the  General  Synod 
to  resume  the  immediate  management  of  all  the  missionary  operations  of 
the  church  which  had  been  confided  to  the  Classis  of  Albany.     This  was 


'See  Salt  River  under  list  of  churches. 


HISTORY     OF     DOMESTIC     MISSION'S  221 

done.    Thus  ends  the  first  period  of  twenty  years  of  the  missionary  opera- 
tions of  the  Reformed  Church. 

SFXoxi)  PERIOD — 1806-1822. 

The  Synod  now  appointed  a  committee  of  four  ministers  and  four 
elders,  with  plenary  powers,  to  whom  should  be  confided  all  her  missionary 
operations.  They  were  located  in  Albany  till  1819,  when,  with  the  final 
abandonment  of  the  Canadian  missions,  they  were  directed  to  locate  in 
New  York.  They  received  all  the  missionary  documents  from  the  Classis 
of  Albany,  and  the  members  of  the  committee  held  their  apointment  dur- 
ing the  pleasure  of  Synod.  They  were  known  as  the  "Standing  Committee 
of  Missions  for  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  in  America." 

This  standing  committee  commenced  their  operation  on  the  old  plan — 
short  tours  by  settled  pastors.  But  these  reported  the  unsatisfactoriness  of 
such  efforts.  Messrs.  Bork,  C.  Ten  Eyck,  and  P.  D.  Froeligh,  in  1806, 
went  west  from  Albany  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles,  thence  to  Lake 
Ontario,  and  down  the  St.  Lawrence  to  Ogdensburg.  and  up  the  same  river 
on  the  Canada  side,  and  along  the  lake,  all  the  way  round  to  Niagara,  and 
thence  home,  visiting  many  settlements,  and  organizing  five  new  churches 
in  Canada.  Three  years  later  Messrs.  Sickles  and  H.  Ostrander  traversed 
the  same  ground,  the  parties  having  spent  about  three  months  each  time. 
They  found  the  state  of  religion  very  low,  though  they  were  treated  with 
civility  and  kindness.  Settled  ministers  were  wanted.  The  next  year 
(1810)  John  Beattie  went  over  the  same  route  and  organized  an  additional 
church  at  York,  in  Canada^,  spending  nearly  five  months.  From  that  time 
till  the  close  of  the  war  with  Great  Britain,  only  one  laborer  visited  that 
region;  namely,  John  Duryee.  In  1817  John  F.  Schermerhorn  and  Jacob 
van  Vechten.  and  in  1818-19  Cornelius  Bogardus,  again  visited  those 
churches,  and  a  Presbyterian  licentiate,  Mr.  Allen,  was  also  employed  by 
the  committee.  During  all  this  time  ( 1798-1819)  Mr.  McDowell  had  been 
faithfully  laboring  in  his  own  charges  in  Canada.  There  were  yet  eleven 
of  those  mission  churches  existing.  They  earnestly  sought  for  two  more 
ministers  to  settle  there  and  organize  a  Classis. 

But  the  church  was  becoming  disheartened  by  the  distance,  and  the  want 
of  men  and  means.  Their  missionary  funds  had  not  yet  exceeded  $400  per 
year.  Complaints  were  heard  from  many  quarters.  There  were  many  calls 
from  churches  in  the  Union  and  nearer  home.  By  resolution,  the  field  had 
been  limited  to  Canada  and  the  routes  thither.  In  1815  Synod  permitted 
operations  elsewhere  in  the  States.  A  mission  to  Deer  Park  (Port  Jervis), 
by  C.  C.  Eltinge.  in  1816.  resulted  in  his  settlement  there,  where  he  con- 
tinued for  twenty-seven  years. 

With  the  transfer  of  the  committee  to  New  York  the  Canadian  churches 
were  abandoned.  One  minister  in  each  Classis  was  asked  to  make  known 
the  proper  fields  at  home.  Some  of  the  Classes  had  begun  to  retain  their 
money  for  their  own  missionary  necessities.  Herkimer,  Fulton,  Schoharie, 
Saratoga.  Washington,  and  Warren  Counties,  N.  Y. ;  Sussex,  N.  J. ;  Pike, 
Pa.,  and  the  locality  of  Spotswood.  N.  J.,  were  the  fields  now  opening  to 


222  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA 

view.  A  church  was  soon  organized  at  Spotswood.  through  the  labors  of 
Van  Hook.  Isaac  Ferris  labored  for  three  months  along  the  Mohawk, 
and  received  a  call  to  Manheim,  but  declined.  Mr.  Switz  followed  him 
there  for  the  same  period.  The  next  year  ^Messrs.  Ketchum  and  Fort 
were  sent  to  that  locality,  and  also  Mr.  van  Hook,  after  having  spent  a 
short  time  at  Stillwater,  in  Sussex  County,  X.  J.  Cent  societies  were  also 
started  at   this  time,   in  many  churches,   but   with   small   results. 

During  the  three  years  of  the  committee  in  Xew  York,  besides  the 
church  at  Spotswood,  others  were  organized — one  at  Oppenheim,  one  at 
Fayette,  Seneca  County,  and  one  at  Le  Roy,  Jefferson  County,  N.  Y.  Eight 
missionaries  had  been  employed.  In  1821  Synod  appointed  Messrs.  Knox, 
Milledoler,  and  Woodhull  a  committee  to  draw  up  a  new  plan  for  mission- 
ary operations  and  to  report  to  next  Synod.  But  their  action  was  fore- 
stalled by  individual  efforts.  At  the  suggestion  of  Paschal  N.  Strong  a 
number  of  pious  individuals,  in  January,  1822,  organized  themselves  into  a 
society  to  be  known  as  "The  Missionary  Society  of  the  Reformed  Dutch 
Church."  The  formation  of  this  society  was  made  known  to  the  Synod, 
and  the  matter  was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Missions.  Its  birth  was 
hailed  with  joy.  Its  board  of  managers  was  made  Synod's  Standing  Com- 
mittee on  Missions,  and  «11  the  churches  were  exhorted  to  form  auxiliary 
societies,  not  only  for  domestic,  but  for  foreign  missionary  operations. 

THiRn    PERIOD — 1822-31. 

The  policy  of  the  new  society  was  to  employ  as  many  of  the  graduates  of 
the  seminary  as  were  willing  to  undertake  missions,  to  have  auxiliary  so- 
cieties in  every  congregation,  and  to  take  up  collections  at  the  monthly  con- 
certs for  prayer.  They  published  reports  each  year  which  were  scattered 
through  the  churches.  This  society  was  the  beginning  of  a  new  life. 
Nearly  $2,000  were  contributed  in  the  first  four  months,  and  the  amount 
increased  in  the  sixth  year  to  more  than  $5,000.  During  the  ten  years  of 
the  existence  of  this  society  they  collected  more  than  $30,000,  and  aided 
about  100  churches  or  stations  and  130  missionaries.  This  society  also 
started,  in  1826,  the  "Magazine  of  the  R.  D.  Church,"  issued  monthly,  and 
which,  four  years  later,  was  transformed  into  the  "Christian  Intelligencer." 

They  confined  their  efforts  to  the  then  limits  of  the  church,  in  strengthen- 
ening  and  establishing  present  organizations  rather. than  extending. 

But  the  Particular  Synod  of  Albany  felt  that  they  were  remote  from 
the  Board,  and  did  not  receive  all  the  help  which  their  destitute  localities 
demanded,  and,  accordingly,  in  1828,  the  Synod  directed  that  a  Northern 
Board  be  appointed  by  the  Missionary  Society,  to  act  under  them.  They 
were  accordingly  organized,  and  appointed  J.  F.  Schermerhorn  their  agent 
(1829),  to  call  forth  the  resources  of  the  Church  and  determine  the  proper 
missionary  fields.  There  were  at  the  time  (1830)  159  ministers,  12  licen- 
tiates, and  194  churches,  of  which  s;i  were  vacant,  and  26  in  need  of  aid. 
Mr.  Schermerhorn  gave  a  new  impetus  to  the  work  of  benevolence  in  the 
church.  But  the  Northern  Board  was  dissatisfied  with  arrangements. 
They  were,  in   fact,  only  a  sub-committee  of  the  society  in  New  York,  to 


HISTORY     OF     DOMESTIC     MISSIONS  223 

which  everything  must  be  finally  referred.  They  could  do  nothing  in- 
dependently. They  a?ked  that  the  wisdom  of  Synod  would  consider  the 
matter.  The  Missionary  Society  was  not  wholly  under  the  control  of 
Synod.  Some  collisions  had  occurred.  Mr.  Schermerhorn  had  been  dis- 
charged by  the  New  York  society  in  1830.  It  was  felt  that  Synod  should 
have  full  power  over  all  the  missionary  operations  of  the  church.  Synod 
accordingly  notified  the  society  that  the  officers  whom  they  had  recently 
elected  should  be  continued  during  the  present  year,  but  that  next  year  their 
number  should  be  reduced  to  fifteen  (one-half),  and  Synod  would  elect 
them,  and  they  were  requested  to  alter  their  constitution  accordingly. 
Their  duties  were  also  limited  to  the  Particular  Synod  of  New  York,  while 
Synod  elected  fifteen  for  a  similar  society  in  the  north.  Mr.  Schermerhorn 
was  also  appointed  general  agent  of  the  Church,  at  a  salary  of  $1,300  a 
year,  to  be  raised  by  private  subscription.  But  the  old  society  in  New  York 
refused  to  conform  to  the  injunction  of  Synod.  In  1831,  therefore.  Synod 
changed  the  basis  of  all  the  operations,  by  constituting  the  Board  of  Mis- 
sions. The  benevolence  of  the  church  was  for  a  few  years  nearly  equally 
divided  between  the  two  societies,  but  at  length  the  old  society  became 
au.xiliary  to  the  new  Board.  In  1831  forty-five  missionary  stations  were 
reported. 

FOURTH      PERIOD 183I-1879. 

This  Board  of  Missions  had  all  the  mission  operations  of  the  church 
committed  to  its  hands.  Mr.  Schermerhorn  went  at  once  vigorously  to 
work.  More  than  $5,400  crowned  his  efforts  in  the  first  year,  and  eight 
new  churches  were  organized  and  pastors  installed  over  them.  Yet  there 
existed  great  prejudice  against  the  employment  of  an  agent.  Dr.  C.  C. 
Cuyler.  in  1832.  ably  vindicated  the  necessity  and  propriety  of  the  office, 
and  Mr.  Schermerhorn  was  elected  a  third  time  to  this  position  ;  but  he 
declined,  and  Rev.  A.  H.  Dumont  was  elected  in  his  place.  The  old  Mis- 
sionary Society  continued  to  send  their  reports,  but  Synod  declined  to  take 
any  action  on  them.  Great  excitement  prevailed  on  the  whole  subject  for  a 
couple  of  years,  and  the  church  paper  was  filled  with  the  discussion.  Mr. 
Dumont's  effort,  for  the  single  year  of  his  service,  secured  about  $5,200. 
But  in  1833  Synod  was  mistakenly  induced  to  discontinue  the  agency,  but 
with  bad  results,  the  receipts  falling  off  $2,400  the  first  year.  The  old  Mis- 
sionary Society  now  consented  to  become  auxiliary  to  the  Board,  and 
their  receipts  swelled  the  total  to  $5,600.  The  German  Church  also  about 
this  time  made  informal  overtures  for  united  efforts  to  help  their  churches 
in  Central  Pennsylvania.  For  nine  years  the  Board  depended  on  Classical 
agents.  During  this  time  (1837)  the  first  church  of  the  denomination  was 
organized  in  the  West,  at  Fairview,  111.  Other  churches  were  subse- 
quently organized  in  Michigan.  Illinois,  and  the  territory  of  Wisconsin.  In 
1841  these  were  sufficient  to  organize  the  Classes  of  Illinois  and  Michigan, 
and  ten  years  later  the  Classis  of  Holland.  The  yearly  benevolence  during 
this  period,  for  this  cause,  only  amounted  to  four  or  five  thousand  dollars 
per   annum,    though    it    had    sometimes    exceeded    $6,000    in    earlier    years 


224  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH     IN    AMERICA 

(1830-35).  About  thirty-five  churches  per  annum  received  aid  from  the 
Board.  But  in  1842  a  financial  secretary  was  appointed,  Rev.  Ransford 
Wells,  to  take  the  general  superintendence  of  both  the  Foreign  and  Do- 
mestic Missions,  the  Board  of  Education,  and  the  Sabbath  School  Union. 
The  next  year,  in  consequence  of  enlarged  operations  and  the  need  of  in- 
creased services,  a  division  of  duties  was  made — those  pertaining  to  the 
Western  missions  being  placed  in  the  hands  of  Rev.  B.  C.  Taylor,  and  those 
pertaining  to  the  Eastern,  in  the  hands  of  Rev.  G.  H.  Fisher.  The  cause 
was  now  in  a  prosperous  condition.  Many  churches  were  organized  and 
assisted.  In  1844,  however,  Dr.  Wells  resigned,  and  the  loss  of  the  financial 
agent  was  plainly  visible.  During  the  last  year  of  his  labors,  the  receipts 
of  the  Board  reached  the  sum  of  $9,516,  and  the  subsequent  year  they 
decreased  nearly  $3,000.  The  name  of  the  Board  was  also  at  this  time 
changed  from  the  "Board  of  Missions"  to  the  "Board  of  Domestic  Missions 
of  General  Synod."  The  secretaries  of  the  East  and  the  West  continued 
their  labors  till  1849.  In  1845  the  Synod  appointed  Rev.  Dr.  Ferris  to 
visit  the  Western  field  and  report  its  condition.  About  this  time  also  the 
large  immigration  of  Hollanders  began  ;  they  settled  in  Michigan  and  ad- 
joining states.  These  naturally,  to  a  large  extent,  united  with  the  Reformed 
Church.  Operations  were  soon  greatly  enlarged,  and  in  1849  the  Board 
was  reorganized,  and  Rev.  John  Garretson  chosen  secretary. 

During  the  following  decade  of  years  no  less  than  one  hundred  and  fifty 
new  churches  were  organized,  many  of  them  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Domestic  Board.  During  this  same  time  the  receipts  more  than  doubled, 
reaching,  in  the  year  of  Dr.  Garretson's  resignation,  the  sum  of  nearly 
$17,000.  Rev.  Anson  du  Bois  succeeded  Dr.  Garretson,  and  having  served 
in  this  capacity  for  three  years,  Rev.  Goyn  Talmage  took  his  place.  Rev. 
Cyrus  Vanderveer  succeeded  for  a  brief  space  (July,  1867 — April,  1868) 
and  the  position  was  occupied  by  Rev.  Jacob  West,  D.D.  The  receipts 
for  the  year  ending  April,  1878,  were  $27,542.  The  number  of  Classes 
during  the  existence  of  this  Board  has  more  than  doubled.  The  Board 
during  the  year  1878  employed  ninety-seven  laborers  and  assisted  one  hun- 
dred and  two  churches.  These  churches  contributed  to  the  funds  of  the 
Board,  for  the  year  ending  April,  1878,  about  $1,230.  The  Board  of 
Domestic  Missions  was  incorporated  in  1867.  Its  funds  had  previously 
been  held  by  the  Board  of  Corporation. 


FIFTH    PERIOD 1879-I922. 

The  Fifth  Period  of  the  History  of  the  Domestic  Mission  work  of  the 
Reformed  Church  has  been  preeminently  a  time  of  estabhshment  and 
enlargement. 

The  service  rendered  by  a  mission  board  is  so  largely  dependent  upon 
the  funds  provided  by  the  churches  that  it  is  proper  to  show  that  the 
progress  made  by  this  Board  during  these  years  has  but  kept  pace  with 
the  constantly  enlarging  contributions  of  the  Reformed  Church  constituency. 
In  1879  the  total  receipts  for  Domestic  Missions  were  $29,368.31.  In  1889 
they  had  reached  a  total  of  $52,075.71.  Ten  years  later,  in  1899,  the  receipt 
of  $83,870.28  was  reported.  In  1909  the  total  was  $146,990.73,  which  in 
1919  had  increased  to  $234,228.96.  In  1920  total  receipts  were  $329,531.29, 
and  in  1921  they  reached  a  total  of  $421,192.96.  As  a  result  of  this  advance 
in  resources  the  Board,  with  the  approval  of  the  General  Synod,  is  conduct- 
ing a  wider  work  than  was  possible  in  its  earlier  history,  is  giving  more 
adequate  support  to  missionaries  and  missionary  pastors,  and  is  efficiently 
contributing  to  the  growth  in  America  of  the  Reformed  Church. 

The  beginnings  of  a  program  of  advance  may  be  found  in  1882  with 
the  observance  of  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  Board.  Plans  were 
formulated  at  a  Jubilee  Convention  held  that  year  in  Newark,  N.  J., 
which  led  to  the  organization  of  the  Women's  Executive  Committee  of  the 
Board.  This  organization  of  consecrated  women  undertook  to  enlist  the 
women  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  the  work  of  Domestic  Missions,  secur- 
ing their  contributions  and  using  the  funds  to  assist  the  Board  in  meeting 
its  obligations.  Twelve  years  later  the  Board  consented  to  the  beginning 
of  work  among  American  Indians  by  the  women's  organization,  which 
agreed  that  only  funds  specifically  contributed  for  this  purpose  should  be 
used  for  the  work.  Under  a  similar  agreement  the  women's  organiza- 
tion began  work  in  1899  among  the  mountaineers  in  Jackson  County, 
Kentucky.  The  success  of  these  missions  and  their  growth  is  indicated 
by  the  fact  that  in  1921  the  specified  contributions  for  Indian  missions 
totalled  $57,287.01,  and  for  the  Mountain  missions  $53,437.90,  either  sum 
being  considerably  larger  than  the  total  contributions  of  the  Church  for  all 
Domestic  Missions  in  1882,  when  the  Women's  Executive  Committee  was 
organized.  In  1907  this  organization  commenced  mission  work  among  the 
Japanese  resident  in  and  around  New  York,  and  two  mission  stations  for 
these  people  are  now  successfully  maintained.  In  1909  the  Women's 
Executive  Committee  was  incorporated  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  New 
York  as  ".Women's  Board  of  Domestic  Missions." 

While  the  women  were  thus  moving  forward  in  service  there  was  cor- 
responding advance  in  all  those  matters  immediately  administered  by  Gen- 

225 


226  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

eral  Synod's  Board  of  Domestic  Missions.  A  decision  that  has  led  to  a 
marked  increase  in  service  was  made  in  1889,  when  it  was  decided  to 
extend  the  policy  of  appointing  Classical  Missionaries,  previously  confined 
to  Dakota,  to  other  sections  of  the  Church,  and  in  the  following  year  such 
missionaries  were  appointed  for  the  Classes  of  Grand  River,  Iowa  and 
Wisconsin.  The  duty  of  these  missionaries  is  to  seek  fields  for  church 
extension,  to  care  for  pastorless  churches,  and  to  render  all  assistance  pos- 
sible in  the  growth  of  the  Church.  The  importance  of  such  service  is 
increasingly  evident,  not  only  in  the  West,  where  their  work  was  begun, 
but  also  in  the  older  eastern  classes.  Sixteen  such  Classical  Missionaries 
are  at  the  present  working  under  the  Board's  appointment,  their  service 
extending  from  the  shores  of  the  Atlantic,  in  the  Classis  of  New  York,  to 
those  of  the  Pacific,  in  the  Classis  of  the  Cascades. 

This  farthest  western  Classis  of  the  Church  was  organized  in  1912,  its 
churches  and  missions  having  previously  been  included  in  the  Classis  of 
Dakota.  It  has  the  largest  territory  of  any  Classis,  comprising  the  states  of 
Montana,  Washington,  Oregon  and  California.  The  occupation  of  this 
northwestern  section  of  our  country  by  the  Reformed  Church  is  due  to 
the  movement  of  settlers  from  older  communities  of  Hollanders  in  the 
Middle  West  to  the  newer  territory,  and  also  to  the  settlement  of  immi- 
grants from  the  Netherlands  in  the  far  West.  The  development  of  the 
western  sections  of  the  Church,  fostered  and  assisted  by  the  Board  of 
Domestic  Missions,  also  led  to  the  organization,  in  1919,  of  the  Particular 
Synod  of  Iowa  in  which  is  now  included  practically  all  of  the  territory 
west  of  the  Mississippi  River. 

In  these  years  of  progress  the  Board  has  also  undertaken  some  phases 
of  home  mission  service  which  were  unknown  in  the  Reformed  Church 
during  the  earlier  periods.  In  1897  the  suggestion  was  made  at  the  Gen- 
eral Synod  that  some  service  be  rendered  to  the  colored  people  of  the 
South.  The  work  was  not  commenced  for  several  years,  but  in  1903  the 
Board  reported  to  the  Synod  its  maintenance  of  missions  among  the 
colored  people  of  Orangeburgh,  Magnolia,  Shiloh  and  Timmonsville,  all 
in  the  state  of  South  Carolina.  A  mission  was  also  organized  at  Flor- 
ence, S.  C,  a  few  years  later.  It  did  not  take  long  to  demonstrate  that  the 
type  of  worship  in  the  Reformed  Church  was  not  attractive  to  the  rank 
and  file  of  the  Negroes,  who  preferred  the  more  emotional  service  oflfered 
by  other  churches.  The  better  educated  only  were  reached  by  our  churches. 
At  the  present  time  but  two  of  these  churches  are  maintained,  those  at 
Florence  and  Timmonsville.  The  Board  provides  the  funds  for  the  main- 
tenance of  their  pastors,  but  the  immediate  administration  of  the  work 
has  been  placed  for  several  years  with  the  E.xecutive  Committee  for 
Home  Missions  of  the  Southern  Presbyterian  Church. 

Although  small  parochial  schools  have  been  connected  with  some  of  the 
missions  to  colored  people,  it  was  not  until  1919  that  the  Board  entered  the 
work  of  Negro  education  in  any  effective  way.  The  Southern  Normal 
and  Industrial  Institute  at  Brewton,  Alabama,  had  been  independently 
started    in   a    small    way    several   years    previously   and   had    enlisted    the 


FIFTH    PERIOD — 1879-I92I  2.2J 

niterest  of  a  number  of  Reformed  churches.  At  the  request  of  the  Par- 
ticular Synod  of  Chicago  the  Board  investigated  the  school  with  a  view 
to  taking  it  under  denominational  control.  It  was  found  to  have  a  good 
outlook,  the  good  will  of  its  community,  and  to  be  much  needed.  With 
the  consent  of  the  General  Synod  the  Board  took  over  the  property  and 
since  October,  1919,  has  been  responsible  for  its  maintenance.  It  has  at 
present  about  two  hundred  scholars. 

In  1908  and  1909  work  was  commenced  by  the  Board  among  Italians  and 
Hungarians  and  in  the  twelve  years  which  have  elapsed  it  has  attained 
considerable  proportions.  So  far  as  can  be  ascertained  this  is  the  first 
organized  work  among  immigrant  peoples  other  than  Hollanders  under- 
taken by  the  Reformed  Church.  It  was  begun  by  the  Board  at  practically 
the  same  time  that  the  Women's  organization  began  work  among  the 
Japanese.  Italian  missions  are  now  maintained  in  Chicago,  111.,  Newburgh, 
N.  Y.,  Weehawken,  Haskensack,  Englewood  and  Newark,  N.  J.  Mis- 
sions for  Hungarians  are  located  at  Peekskill,  Poughkeepsie  and  Hud- 
son, N.  Y.,  and  at  Manville  and  Flemington,  N.  J. 

The  record  of  this  period  of  the  Board's  history  would  be  incomplete 
without  reference  to  the  service  among  the  white  residents  of  Oklahoma 
commenced  in  the  summer  of  1900  by  four  theological  students  who  held 
evangelistic  meetings  in  various  communities  of  the  then  new  state.  The 
work  thus  begun  was  continued  the  following  summer  and  as  a  result  of  it 
Reformed  churches  were  organized  in  eight  or  nine  Oklahoma  towns  and 
cities.  On  October  4,  1906,  the  Classis  of  Oklahoma  was  organized  by 
the  Particular  Synod  of  New  York,  including  in  its  membership  not  only 
the  churches  referred  to  but  also  a  few  Indian  churches  which  had  been 
organized  as  a  result  of  the  success  of  the  missions  to  Indians  maintained 
by  the  Women's  Executive  Committee.  The  Reformed  Church  was  the 
first  to  carry  the  Gospel  to  some  of  these  southwestern  communities,  but 
their  permanent  settlement  was  largely  by  people  from  the  southern  states 
who  provided  no  constituency  for  our  churches.  The  Reformed  Church 
was  unknown  to  them  even  in  name.  With  the  object. of  conserving  the 
work  that  had  been  accomplished  the  Board  decided  in  1910,  after  full 
conference  with  the  Classis  and  the  individual  churches,  to  withdraw  its 
support  from  the  latter  and  to  encourage  their  transfer  to  denomina- 
tions in  position  effectively  to  develop  them.  The  churches  were  ulti- 
mately transferred  to  the  Presbyterian  Church,  some  to  the  northern  body 
and  some  to  the  southern  ;  their  properties,  in  most  cases  owned  by  the 
Board,  were  sold  to  the  new  organizations  thus'  formed,  and  a  year  later 
the  Classis  of  Oklahoma  was  disbanded.  It  remains  to  be  said  that  the 
service  rendered  for  ten  years  by  the  Reformed  Church  in  the  Oklahoma 
field  may  not  be  counted  as  wasted  eflFort  from  the  standpoint  of  evangel- 
ism, and  the  progress  of  the  churches  since  their  transfer  demonstrates 
the  wisdom  shown  in  giving  to  them  .the  more  favorable  circumstances  of 
ecclesiastical  connections  which  could  contribute  to  their  growth  and  wel- 
fare. ■ 


228  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

A  new  opportunity  for  service  came  to  the  Board  in  1917  with  ihe 
purchase  by  the  United  States  from  Denmark  of  the  islands  formerly 
known  as  the  Danish  West  Indies  and  called,  since  the  purchase,  the 
Virgin  Islands.  For  a  number  of  years  the  Board  had  assisted  the  Re- 
formed Church  at  St.  Thomas  on  these  islands,  the  only  church  in  the 
whole  group  belonging  to  an  American  religious  body.  Following  the  pur- 
chase of  our  Government  a  considerable  number  of  sailors  and  marines 
were  stationed  at  St.  Thomas  and  the  Board  is  now  maintaining  not  only 
the  church  but  is  providing  by  its  missionary  an  effective  religious  and 
social  work  among  the  enlisted  men  of  the  United  States  forces. 

There  has  been  but  one  change  in  the  Board's  charter  during  these  forty- 
three  years.  Its  work  was  formerly  restricted  "to  aiding  weak  and  founding 
new  churches  of  the  denomination"  and  in  1900  the  charter  was  amended 
so  as  "to  allow  its  missionaries  to  engage  in  evangelistic  work  which  may 
not  immediately  eventuate  in  the  founding  of  new  churches." 

The  Church  Building  Fund,  instituted  by  the  General  Synod  in  1854,  is 
administered  by  the  Board  as  a  separate  department.  Its  income  has 
never  been  sufficient  to  meet  the  calls  for  loans  under  Synod's  plans,  yet 
fully  three  hundred  churches  have  been  the  beneficiaries  of  its  resources. 
At  the  present  time,  ffom  contributions  and  repayments,  its  income  aver- 
ages fifty  thousand  dollars  per  year,  which  is  also  the  amount  loaned 
annually  to  churches  to  assist  their  building  projects.  For  such  loans 
the  churches  pay  interest  at  the  rate  of  one  per  cent,  per  annum  for  five 
years,  and,  if  the  loan  is  further  extended,  two  per  cent,  thereafter. 

These  years  have  witnessed  a  commendable  growth  in  two  forms  of 
•co-operation,  one  between  the  several  boards  of  the  Reformed  Church,  and 
'the  other  between  the  several  home  mission  boards  of  the  evangelical 
'Churches.  As  to  the  latter  there  is  recorded  a  conference  with  Presby- 
terians and  Congregationalists  in  1892  at  which  principles  were  adopted 
to  govern  instances  of  overlapping  on  the  home  mission  field.  Baptists 
;and  Methodists  were  invited  to  this  conference  but  declined  to  co-ope.ate. 
Three  years  later,  at  the  instance  of  the  Alliance  of  Reformed  Churches, 
another  conference  was  held  and  the  rules  governing  comity  then  adopted 
were  found  effective  in  two  cases  within  a  year.  In  1907  the  Home  Mis- 
sions Council  was  organized,  including  in  its  membership  the  home  mis- 
sion organizations  of  practically  all  evangelical  churches,  and  as  a  result 
of  this  fellowship  denominational  disputes  on  home  mission  fields  are 
practically  ended. 

inter-board  co-operation  in  the  Reformed  Church  has  developed  es- 
fpecially  along  the  lines  of  publicity  and  promotion.  The  Department  of 
Young  Peoples  Work,  organized  in  1895,  was  jointly  maintained  by  the 
Domestic  and  Foreign  Boards  and  was  discontinued  when  the  Board  of 
Publication  enlarged  the  scope  of  its  service  to  Bible  schools  and  young 
people's  organizations.  In  the  Progress  Campaign,  instituted  in  1917,  all 
the  Boards  are  in  co-operation.  They  also  co-operate  in  the  publication  of 
The  Christian  Intelligencer  and  Mission  Field  and  in  the  joint  maintenance  of 
various  office  matters  including  an  inter-communicating  telephone  system 


FIFTH    PERIOD — 1879-I92I  229^ 

in  the  headquarters  building  at  25  East  22nd  Street,  New  York.  The 
Foreign  and  Domestic  Boards  also  co-operate  in  the  maintenance  of  a 
district  office  at  Holland,  Michigan. 

There  have  been  manj'  changes  in  the  officers  of  the  Board  in  this  period. 
In  1879  Mr.  S.  R.  W.  Heath  was  president.  His  successors  were  elected 
in  the  years  named :  1889 — Mr.  G.  E.  Winants ;  1891 — Rev.  Dr.  Paul  D^ 
Van  Cleef;  1896— Rev.  Dr.  Cornelius  Brett;  1906— Rev.  Dr.  Alfred  H. 
Brush;  1910— Rev.  Dr.  James  I.  Vance;  1911 — Rev.  Dr.  James  M.  Farrar ; 
1921— Rev.  Dr.  James  S.  Kittell.  In  1887  Rev.  Dr.  Jacob  West,  who  had 
been  for  twenty  years  Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  Board,  resigned,  and 
Rev.  Dr.  Charles  H.  Pool  was  elected  his  successor.  Dr.  Pool  died  in  1906 
and  for  over  a  year  Rev.  Dr.  William  H.  Vroom  served  as  Acting  Secre- 
tary. In  1907  Rev.  John  Brownlee  Voorhees  was  elected  Corresponding- 
Secretary  and  at  the  same  time  the  position  of  Office  Secretary  was: 
created  and  Mr.  William  T.  Demarest  was  elected  to  it.  Mr.  Voorhees 
resigned  in  1912  and  Mr.  Demarest  became  the  executive  officer,  although 
his  title  was  not  changed  until  1920  when  the  word  "Office"  was  dropped 
and  he  became  known  as  Secretary  of  the  Board.  There  have  been  two 
Field  Secretaries :  The  office  was  created  in  1897  and  Rev.  William  Wal- 
ton Clark  was  its  incumbent  for  ten  years.  After  an  interval  of  six  years 
Rev.  Seth  Vander  Werf  was  elected  Field  Secretary  and  is  yet  serving 
in  that  office.  Mr.  John  S.  Bussing  was  made  Treasurer  in  1885  and 
resigned  in  1906  after  twenty-one  years  service.  He  was  succeeded  by 
Mr.  William  T.  Demarest,  who  served  until  he  became  one  of  the  Board's 
secretaries  the  following  year,"  when  he  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  James  Wig- 
gins. In  1913  Mr.  Wiggins  died  and  Mr.  Charles  W.  Osborne  was  his 
successor  and  is  the  present  Treasurer. 


CHAPTER  XXX. 
THE  PROGRESS  CAMPAIGN  AND  THE  FUTURE. 

BY   JOHN   A.    INGHAM,   D.D.,   GENERAL   SECRETARY,    REFORMED   CHURCH    PROGRESS 

CAMPAIGN. 

The  "end  of  the  century"  note  often  sounded  in  America  as  the  year 
1900  drew  near  was  drowned  by  the  echo  of  Dewey's  guns  in  Manila  Bay. 
The  acquisition  of  the  PhiHppines  aroused  America  to  a  new  interest  in 
things  Asiatic.  With  a  keener  sense  of  responsibility  for  the  Orient  the 
churches  of  America,  including  our  own,  sought  a  more  adequate  system 
for  enlisting  the  interest  and  the  co-operation  of  the  local  churches  in  the 
world-wide  work  of  the  denomination.  The  financial  plans  included  three 
items  :  the  duple.x  envelope,  with  its  continuous  appeal  for  the  outside  work 
along  with  parochial  demands ;  the  every  member  canvass  with  its  annual 
message  of  personal  responsibility ;  the  system  of  budgets  and  quotas,  set- 
ting goals  upon  the  assumption  that  "what  ought  to  be  done,  can  be  done." 

In  the  midst  of  this  development,  as  the  church  was  lengthening  the  cords 
of  her  benevolences  and  strengthening  the  stakes  of  her  missionary  in- 
terest, came  the  tragedy  of  the  world  war.  Out  of  the  conditions  pre- 
ceding that  war,  and  under  the  stimulus  of  the  war's  unprecedented  de- 
mands, the  middle  years  of  the  new  century's  second  decade  brought  to 
American  Protestantism  a  new  vision  of  duties,  opportunities  and  re- 
sponsibilities. It  is  against  this  background  that  we  must  set  in  its  true 
perspective  the  launching  of  the  "Five  Year  Program"  by  General  Synod 
in  1918. 

Church  growth  and  progress  can  never  be  adequately  set  forth  in  bare 
statistics.  Nevertheless  the  annual  summaries  in  the  reports  to  General 
Synod  are  very  striking.  (A  few  earlier  years  are  added  for  the  purpose 
of  comparison). 


Bible  School 

Congregational 

Year 

Churches  Ministers  Communicants  : 

Membership 

Benev. 

EJxpenses 

1841 

253 

234            23,962 

13,052, 

1861 

422 

411             50,295 

35,422 

$151,738 

$382,506 

1871 

467 

510            63,483 

51,169 

326,039 

901,617 

1881 

SO7 

550            80,591 

82,138 

218,842 

924,811 

Congrega- 

Minis-   Communi-  Bible  School     Denom. 

Other 

tional 

Year 

Churches 

ters              cants     Membership        Benev. 

Benev. 

Expenses 

1891 

570 

582            94,323          108,691 

$214,883 

$94,691 

$1,013,335 

1901 

654 

716          111,171           123.934 

286,928 

92.508 

1,165,216 

I911 

689 

750          117,288          118,687 

402,466 

105,861 

1,615,727 

1921 

72Z 

771           135,634          134.795 
230 

1 ,022,246 

270,279 

2,737,438 

THE  PROGRESS  CAMPAIGN  AND  THE  FUTURE  27,1 


Per  cent  gain 

1901-11     5.3 

47 

S-5 

*(4.2) 

40.3 

14.4 

38.6 

1911-21     6.4 

2.8 

15.6 

13.6 

154- 

155-3 

69.4 

*Loss 

With  the  single  exception  of  the  number  of  ministers  every  item  in 
the  second  decade  shows  a  substantially  better  percentage  than  the  first. 
In  the  matter  of  church  membership  this  means  that  the  Reformed  Church 
in  America  was  having  her  share  in  the  spirit  of  progress  unto  victory 
which  animated  American  Protestantism  as  the  United  States  Religious 
Census  Report  for  1916  showed  an  increase  in  the  membership  of  the 
Protestant  churches  from  some  20,000,000  to  25,000,000  in  the  preceding 
ten  years. 

As  for  the  Bible  School  membership  it  is  clear  that  the  situation  of  the 
middle  nineteenth  century  was  greatly  changed  by  the  organized  Sunday 
School  movement,  so  that  the  closing  years  of  that  century  registered  a 
"high  water  mark"  showing  a  Bible  School  enrolment  considerably  above 
the  roll  of  communicants.  For  instance  in  1893  the  figures  were:  Communi- 
cants, 97,521;  Bible  School  membership,  119,758.  Thus  in  a  half  century 
the  Bible  School  enrolment  had  grown  from  less  than  55%  to  over  120% 
of  the  Church  membership. 

The  later  years  of  the  nineteenth  century  had  shown  some  advance  in 
the  spirit  of  interdenominational  co-operation,  especially  in  the  Presby- 
terian-Reformed group.  The  Alliance  of  Reformed  Churches  holding 
the  Presbyterian  system  had  been  functioning  since  the  meeting  of  its 
"General  Council"  in  Edinburgh  in  1877.  At  the  suggestion  of  the  Alliance 
a  Conference  of  Officers  and  Members  of  Foreign  Missionary  Boards  and 
Committees  of  the  various  Presbyterian  Bodies  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada  was  held  in  New  York  City,  January  11,  1893,  followed  next  day  by 
a  similar  conference  on  wider  lines,  including  representatives  of  nearly 
twenty  denominations. .  Just  as  Carey's  famous  sermon  in  1792  is  usually 
taken  as  a  starting  point  for  a  study  of  the  growth  of  organized  mission- 
ary effort  in  the  nineteenth  century,  this  gathering  one  hundred  and  one 
years  later  marks  in  some  sense  a  new  departure  in  organized,  practical 
interdenominationalism.  The  corresponding  conference  of  Women's 
Boards  of  Foreign  Missions,  the  Home  Missions  Council,  the  Council  of 
Women  for  Home  Missions,  the  Council  of  Church  Boards  of  Education, 
have  followed  along  similar  lines  of  official  co-operative  efTort.  As  evi- 
dence of  the  change  of  attitude  revealed  by  these  gatherings,  reference  may 
be  made  to  the  fact  mentioned  in  the  preceding  chapter  that  Baptists  and 
Methodists  declined  to  co-operate  in  a  conference  on  home  missionary 
overlapping  which  was  held  by  the  Reformed,  Presbyterian,  and  Con- 
gregational churches  in  1892.  Of  course  the  Sunday  School  organizations 
had  been  long  working  on  inter-denominational  lines,  as  had  the  more 
recent  Christian  Endeavor  organizations ;  and  the  Federal  Council  of 
Churches  of  Christ  in  America  was  organized  in  1905.     There  was,  how- 


2.2,2  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

ever,  a  distinctive  note  in  the  organization  of  the  group  that  functioned 
through  the  executive  staffs  organized  for  the  benevolent  and  missionary 
activities  of  the  several  denominations.  In  these  various  interdenomina- 
tional councils  and  conferences  it  w^as  noteworthy  that  the  representatives 
of  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  filled  a  place  of  prominence  and  ex- 
ercised an  influence  far  beyond  the  mere  proportion  of  our  numbers. 

This  rapid  and  significant  development  of  organizations  for  practical 
inter-denominational  co-operation  had  its  influence  upon  the  methods  of 
our  ow^n  denomination,  as  of  others.  Some  of  the  secretaries  of  our  Boards 
in  New  York,  in  the  consideration  of  plans  for  the  general  promotion  of 
their  work,  in  the  ecclesiastical  year  1917-1918,  were  led  to  the  conviction 
that  it  was  time  for  an  advance  step.  Perhaps  unconsciously,  but  surely, 
they  were  led  to  desire  some  form  of  intra-denominational  co-operation 
that  might  do  for  the  whole  work  of  the  denomination  what  was  being 
done  in  the  inter-denominational  field  by  the  agencies  named  above.  To 
that  end  a  Memorial  was  sent  to  General  Synod  in  1918  over  the  signatures 
of  secretaries  of  six  of  the  Boards,  including  the  following: 

"It  is  our  conviction  that  progress  for  the  Church  will  be  most  certain 
and  most  effective  if  made  simultaneously  along  all  lines  of  our  Christian 
activity,  and  that  it  should  first  make  itself  evident  in  the  individual 
churches  by  the  deepening  of  their  service  in  the  communities  in  which  they 
are  placed  ;  and  by  their  larger  co-operation  in  the  work  of  the  Kingdom 
as  represented  by  the  missionary  and  benevolent  service  of  the  Church  at 
large." 

General  Synod  gave  its  hearty  approval  and  requested  the  Boards  con- 
cerned to  organize  a  Joint  Committee  for  five  years  to  prosecute  this  plan. 
Each  Board  and  Agency  prepared  its  own  program  and  stated  its  own 
objectives  for  the  five  years,  and  these  objectives  were  made  the  basis  of 
the  combined  budget  which  was  placed  before  the  Church  as  a  goal.  At  the 
same  time  a  program  of  objectives  for  the  local  church  was  set  forth  as 
"Ten   Points  of   Progress." 

Meanwhile  other  denominations  were  moving  along  similar  lines.  The 
great  patriotic  "drives"  for  the  sale  of  the  several  issues  of  Liberty  bonds 
for  the  support  of  the  Red  Cross,  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association, 
and  other  agencies  were  revealing  new  possibilities  in  simultaneous  cam- 
paigns, and  the  war  experiences  of  the  nation  were  stirring  the  hearts  of 
men  to  their  very  depths.  Such  was  the  situation — an  atmosphere  of  high 
emotion,  a  sense  of  great  changes  going  forward  all  around,  "Old  things 
passing  away,"  a  background  of  fruitful  experience  in  many  forms  of 
interdenominational  co-operation,  a  simultaneous  development  in  many 
denominations  of  new  plans  for  intradenominational  co-operation.  It  was 
natural  that  a  plan  should  be  devised  for  linking  in  one  great  co-operative 
movement  all  the  denominational  co-operative  and  advance  movements. 
Out  of  this  situation  sprang  the  Interchurch  World  Movement.  Surveys 
were  planned  on  a  scale  undreamed  of  before ;  advertising  campaigns  were 
launched ;  administrative  staffs  were  organized  covering  all  the  ramifica- 
tions of  the  proposed  co-operative  efforts  of  American  Protestantism.   The 


THE  PROGRESS  CAMPAIGN  AND  THE  FUTURE  233 

Church  at  large  was  thrilled  and  stirred,  but  the  machinery  proved  too 
cumbersome  and  expensive  to  maintain.  The  huge  organization  was  pres- 
ently dissolved.  The  spirit  and  aims  of  the  Interchurch  Alovement,  how- 
ever, did  not  pass  away  with  the  scrapping  of  the  machinery.  The  Ameri- 
can churches  were  distinctly  stronger  to  do  and  dare  by  reason  of  the 
achievements  and  challenges  of  the  Interchurch  days. 

The  denominational  movements,  antedating  the  combination,  survived 
its  collapse  and  went  forward  in  the  light  of  the  experience  gained.  In 
particular  the  failure  of  the  Interchurch  Movement  to  find  any  considerable 
sources  of  benevolence  outside  of  the  denominations  emphasized  the  les- 
son that  the  work  of  American  Protestantism  must  go  forward  along  lines 
of  denominational  organization  and  responsibility. 

Thus  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  stood  face  to  face  with  the 
large  tasks  which  in  the  Providence  of  God  had  come  to  her  hands.  The 
doors  of  opportunity  were  wide  open  everywhere.  Her  mission  fields 
dotting  the  Asiatic  coast  line  and  reaching  from  ocean  to  ocean  in  the 
western  world  were  all  calling  for  a  lengthening  of  the  cords  and  a 
strengthening  of  the  stakes.  It  was  evident  that  the  demands  of  the  hour, 
while  involving  the  deep  things  of  the  spirit,  could  find  at  least  a  partial 
interpretation  in  terms  of  men  and  money  needed  for  the  work  in  hand; 
hence  the  budget,  which,  in  turn,  could  be  interpreted  to  classes  and  the 
individual  churches  in  terms  of  "quotas"  or  goals  for  local  effort. 

At  the  same  time  the  demand  for  recruits  led  to  a  new  recognition  of  the 
essential  part  our  educational  institutions  were  playing  in  turning  the 
thoughts  of  young  men  and  women  to  the  Church's  posts  of  service.  The 
effort  was  to  gather  up  into  one  the  whole  duty  of  the  Church,  to  interpret 
that  duty  to  the  whole  constituency  far  and  near,  and  to  seek  with  new 
earnestness  of  purpose  the  spiritual  uplift  and  inspiration  without  which 
the  best  formed  plans  must  prove  futile. 

The  figures  given  at  the  beginning  of  this  chapter  show  that  the  Church 
has  been  responding  to  the  summons  of  the  Holy  Spirit.  The  full  result 
of  the  five  years  cannot  be  known  until  the  period  is  ended,  but  it  is  already 
clear  that  the  effort  was  needed  and  that  the  results  have  been  gratifying. 

As  we  take  a  sweeping  glance  over  the  score  of  years  behind,  it  is 
evident  that  the  integration  of  the  last  few  years  follows  a  period  of  ex- 
pansion. We  are  trying  now  to  strengthen  our  stakes  because  we  have  been 
lengthening  the  cords.  In  the  foreign  field  the  2;^  stations  of  1900  have 
increased  to  29 ;  outstations  and  preaching  places,  from  230  to  371  ;  the 
missionary  force,  from  35  men  and  57  women,  to  59  men  and  96  women ; 
churches,  from  39  to  72 ;  communicants,  from  4,597  to  8,040 ;  scholars  in 
day  schools,  from  5,715  to  14,618.  Patients  treated  have  increased  from 
26,622  in  6  hospitals  and  dispensaries  to  146,793  in  20  hospitals  and  dis- 
pensaries. 

In  Domestic  Missions  the  work  among  the  Indians,  begun  by  the  Wo- 
men's Executive  Committee  in  1894  and  that  in  Jackson  County,  Kentucky, 
begun  in  1899,  have  grown  to  the  dimensions  of  a  budget  of  more  than 
$50,000   a   year    each.      In    1907    missionary    work    was    begun    among   the 


234  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Japanese  in  and  near  New  York.  The  Classis  of  the  Cascades  was  organ- 
ized in  1912,  the  Particular  Synod  of  Iowa,  in  1919.  Early  in  the  century 
mission  work  was  begun  among  the  colored  people  in  South  Carolina,  and 
in  1919  the  Southern  Normal  and  Industrial  Institute  at  Brewton,  Alabama, 
came  under  the  care  of  our  Board  of  Domestic  Missions.  Work  among 
Italians  and  Hungarians  was  begun  in  1908  and  1909. 

In  Education,  Central  College  at  Pella,  Iowa,  was  transferred  to  the 
Reformed  Church  in  1916 — in  the  very  year  of  the  sesqui-centennial  at 
Rutgers  and  the  semi-centennial  celebration  at  Hope  College. 

The  interest  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  religious  education  led  to  the 
reorganization  of  the  Board  of  Publication  in  1914  by  the  addition  to  its 
name  of  the  words  "and  Bible  School  Work"  with  corresponding  increase 
of  functions. 

With  the  plans  for  an  adequate  Pension  Fund,  the  establishment  of  dis- 
trict offices  in  Holland,  Michigan,  and  the  growth  of  the  western  Church 
reaching  to  the  Pacific  Coast,  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  is  closing 
her  third  century  with  a  grasp  upon  both  oceans  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
and  a  strategic  position  in  the  great  strongholds  of  the  Asiatic  religions. 
She  faces  her  world-wide  task  with  a  determination  inherited  from  the 
dyke  builders  and  a  faith  that  is  born  from  above. 


PART   SECOND 


THE  MINISTRY. 

Abeel,  David  (nephew  of  J.  N.  Abeel),  b.  at  New  Brunswick,  June  12,  1804, 
N.B.S.  26,  I.  CI.  N.B.;    ordained  as  an  evangelist,  Oct.  26;    Athens, 
N.  Y.,  26-8,  Miss,  at  St.  Thomas,  West  Indies,  28-29,  suppHed  Orchard 
St.,    N.   Y.   C,   chaplain   of    Seamen's    Friends'    Soc.   29-30,    Miss,   of 
A.B.C.F.M.  in  Java,  30-31,  Siam,  31-33,  visited  France,   Holland,  Ger- 
many,  Prussia,  and   Switzerland,   in  the  interests   of   Missions,   33-34, 
visited    America,    34-36,    West    Indies,    36-37,    America,    37-38,    Macao, 
39-41,    Siam,    41,    Borneo,    41-42,    Kolongsoo     (near    Amoy),    42-44, 
Amoy,  44-45,  died  at  Albany,  Sept.  4,  1846. 
He  sought  entrance,  at  the  age  of  15,  into  the  military  academy  at  West 
Point,  but  too  many  applicants  had  preceded  him.     He  then  studied  medi- 
cine,  but,  as  the   light  of   grace  beamed   upon   his   mind,   he   benevolently 
turned  his   thoughts   to   the   duty  of   seeking  to   save  the   perishing.     His 
spiritual  exercises  were   very  powerful,   and   are  preserved   partially   in  a 
diary.     He  entered  on  his  ministerial  duties  with  a  deep  sense  of  his  re- 
sponsibility.    He  struggled  in  prayer  and  hoped  for  great  things,  and  was 
not  disappointed.    A  general  revival  in  his  first  charge  gladdened  his  heart. 
Failing  health,  however,  soon  compelled  him  to  give  up  his  duties  and  sail 
to  the  West  Indies.    But,  for  a  long  time,  he  had  reflected  on  the  wants  of 
the  heathen  world.     It  then,  also,  required  far  more  courage  than  now  to 
embark  in  a  missionary  undertaking.     He  collected  intelligence  and  prayer- 
fully pondered  the  subject.     At  length  the  way  opened,  and  he  sailed  as 
chaplain  of  the  Seamen's  Friends'  Society;   and,  after  reaching  China,  was 
transferred  to  the  American  Board.     He  traveled  in  various  parts  of  the 
East  Indies,  surveying  the  field,  acquiring  some  knowledge  of  the  dialects, 
and  assisting  the  missionaries  whom  he  found  there.    His  instructions  were 
to  ascertain  the  true  condition  of  afi^airs  in  Eastern  Asia,  and  to  report  to 
the  American  Board.     Hence  the  itinerant  character  of  the  record  of  his 
labors.  And  when  his  ill-health  compelled  him  to  visit  Europe  and  America 
he  excited  much  interest,  wherever  he  went,  by  the  reports  which  he  made 
His   second   visit  and   residence   in   China  was   during  the   opium   war,   to 
which  he  made  many  allusions. 

Mr.  Abeel  was  not  a  man  of  remarkable  power  of  intellect,  or  of  peculiar 
genius ;  yet  his  mental  formation  was  characterized  by  solidity  and 
strength.  He  was  a  clear  and  close  thinker,  and  could  express  himself 
with  discrimination  and  force.  He  sought  to  improve  his  talents  to  their 
utmost,  that  he  might  use  them  to  the  glory  of  God.  He  was  an  inde- 
fatigable student,  although  his  feeble  health  often  seriously  interfered 
with  his  studies.  While  a  master  of  his  mother  tongue,  he  was  also  crit- 
ically acquainted  with  several  diff^erent  languages.  On  account  of  an 
exquisitely  musical  ear  he  was  endowed  with  great  natural  capabilities 
for  the  acquisition  of  the  Chinese.  He  was  also  acquainted  with  the 
Siamese  and  Malay  languages.  It  is  believed  that  he  exerted  more  spiritual 
good  in  his  private  intercourse  with  men,  and  by  the  power  of  his  holy 


236 


THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 


life,  than  as  a  preacher.  All  felt  that  it  was  a  privilege  to  entertain  him,, 
for  he  left  a  blessing  behind  him.  He  was  the  founder  of  the  Amoy  Mis- 
sion.—D.D.  by  R.C.,  1828. 

See  "Dr.  I.  N.  Wyckofif's  Sermon  at  his  funeral,"  "Dr.  T.  E.  Vermilye's 
Sketch  of  Abeel,"  "Williamson's  Memoir,"  and  articles  in  "Spi ague's 
Annals  of  the  Dutch  Pulpit,"  by  Dr.  I.  N.  Wyckofif  and  Dr.  G.  Abeel.  His 
"Journal,"  sermons,  papers,  etc.,  are  in  Sage  Library,  at  New  Brunswick. 
See  also  "Am.  Miss.  Memorial,"  p.  338;  "Anderson's  Hist,  of  Am.  Bd. 
Com.  F.  M.,"  and  "McClintock's  Cyc."     (Presbyt.  Rev.  January,   1881.) 

Publications:     "To  the  Bachelors  of  India,  by  a  Bachelor,"  8vo,  pp.  35. 
"About  1833 — Residence  in  China,"  i2mo,  pp.  398;    1834.     This  was  trans- 
lated into  German  under  the  title  "Reise  des   Nord-Amerikanischen   Mis- 
sionars,    David    Abeel    in    den  ■Landen    Hinterindiens,"    1830-33.      "Basel," 
1836.     "Alap,"  8vo.     ("Baseler  Missions  Mag.,"   1836,  art.  iv) — "The  Mis- 
sionary Fortified  Against  Trials,"  1834.     "Happy  Influence  of  For.   Miss. 
on   the   Church,"  8vo,  pp.    16.      (In   "Nat.    Preacher,"    Nov.,    1838) — "The 
Missionary  Convention  at  Jerusalem,  or  The  Claims  of  the  World  to  the 
Gospel,"  i2mo,  pp.  244 ;    1838.     Many  articles  in  the  "Chinese  Repository."^ 
Many  tracts   in  the   Chinese   Lang.      (One  of  these   is   "Discourse   on  the 
Unity  of  God" — "Journal."     For  extracts  see  his  "Memoir,"  by  William- 
son.    "A   Sermon  on   Heaven."     See   "M,emoir,"  p.  299. 
Abeel,  Gustavus  (s.  of  J.  N.  Abeel),  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  June  6,  1801,  13. C.  23r 
N.B.S.   24,   1.   CI.    N.B. ;     English   Neighborhood,   24-8    (also    Miss,   at 
Hoboken),    Belleville,    28-34,    Geneva,    35-49,    Newark,    2d,    45-64,    re- 
signed, w.  c.  S.T.D.  by*C.  C,  1842.     Elected  a  trustee  R.  C,  1845.    Died 
Sept.    4,    1887. 
For  sketch  and  publication  see  Manual  1902 
Abeel,  John  N.,  b.  at  New  York,  1769,  C.N.J.  1787,  stud,  theol.  with  Liv- 
ingston  and   Witherspoon,    1.   CI.    N.Y.    1793;     tutor   in   C.N.J.    1791-3;. 
(Philadelphia,  Arch  st.  Presb.,   1794-5)   New   York,   1795-1812,  d.  Jan. 
19.     Elected  a  trustee  of  Columbia  Coll.  1799,  and  a  trustee  of  Queen's 
Coll.    1808.     D.D.   by   Harvard,    1804. 
See  "Gunn's  Commem.   Ser.,  Drs.  Milledoler's  and   Miller's   Sketches  in 
Sprague's  Annals,"  "Mag.  R.  D.  C,"  iv,  289.     "Evang.  Guardian  and  Rev.," 
May,  1817.     "Gunn's  Livingston,"  2d  ed.,  1856,  p.  387.     "McClintock's  and 
Strong's  Cyc."     "Collegiate  Ch.  Yr.  Bk.,"  1890,  81,  also  Manual   1902 

Publications:    "Anniversary  Disc.  Before  N.  Y.  Miss.  Soc,  1801,"  8vov 
pp.  67.     "An  Old  Disciple,"  "Mag.  R.  D.  C,"  ii.  129.     "The  Ma.iy*  Man- 
sions— A  Ser.  to  Communicants,"  8vo,  pp.  42  (also  pub.  in  "Mag.  R.  D.  C," 
iv,  229.     "Gen.   Synod's   Address   to   the   Churches,"    1807,   vol.   i,   368-378. 
This  is  an  elaborate  address  and  very  important  in  reference  to  the  history 
of  the  church  in  general  and  the  seminary  in  particular. 
A.bell,  James.     Chittenango,  1838-55,  Waterloo,  56-7,  Emeritus,  d.  1867. 
A.chtermann.    Herman,   b.    Cincinnati,   O.,   June   6,    1869.      Mission    House 
College,   Mission   House   Sem.   1897,   1.   by   CI.   Cincinnati   Ref.   Ch.,   U. 
S.,.  1897.      (Ref.  Ch.,  U.S.;    New  Plymouth,  Wis.,   1897-9,   Olney,   111., 
1899-1903;    Bufifalo,  N.  Y.,   1903-1909;    Klemme,  la.,   1909-11;    Alpena, 
S.  D.,  1911-15),  Chancellor,  S.  D.,  1915-21.     Monroe,  la.,  1921 — .     S.C. 
CI.  Dakota,  Ref.  Ch.  U.S. 
Ackerly,  E  R.     S.   S.   New   Hackensack,  N.  Y.,   1912-14. 
Ackerman,  Edward  G.,  b.  Saddle  River,  N.  J.,  Feb.  3,  1837;  R.C.  66,  N.B.S. 
69,  1.  CI.  Paramus  ;   Mamakating,  70-4,  Currytown  and  Spraker's  Basin, 
74-8,    S.    S.,    Currytown,   78-9,    Schagticoke,   79-85,   Woodstock,   86-90, 
Greenport,  90-4,  Clover  Hill,  97-9,  d.  Dec.  i.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.," 
1900,  888;    "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads,  R.C,"  1900,  25. 
Ackerson,  John  H.     N.B.S.  1829,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;    Columbia,  41-2,  Schaghticoke, 

42-4,   susp,  47,   dep.   1848. 
Ackert,   Winfred   Rugan.   b.   Red   Hook,    N.   Y.,    Nov.   30.    1870;     R.C.   92, 
N.B.S.  95,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie ;   West  Hoboken  Chapel  of  Grove  Refd, 


THE    MINISTRY  237 

Ch.,  New  Durham,  N.  J.,  1895-1900,  Vermilye  Chapel,  N.  Y.  C,  1901. 

Assisted  with  other  chapels. 
Publications:    Occasioral  contributions  to  the  press. 
Adam,   John   Douglass,   b.   Falkirk,   Scotland,    1866;     Edinburgh    University 

-.nd  Divinity  School,  86-90,   lie.  by  Congregationalists,  90;     (Cong.  ch. 

at  Rupert,  Vt.,  90-1,  Manchester,  Vt.,  91-3),  Brooklyn   Heights,   1893- 

iQcS.     Became  Presbyterian. 
Ac'ams,  R.  L.,  S.  S.  Raritan,  111.,  1876-7. 
Adams,  Thomas,  b.  Brooklyn,   N.  Y.,  Jan.  2,   1887;    L.F.C.  '09-12,  N.  Y. 

Un.v.  '17,  N.B.S.,  1917;   1.  by  S.  C.  L.  I.  1917;    Harrington  Park,  N.  J., 

1917 

Adams,   Wm.   Ten   Eyck,  b.   Astoria,    N.   Y.,   June   30,    1863;     N.Y.U.   88, 

N.B.S.  91,  1.  S.  CI.  L.I. ;    Edgewood,  Brooklyn,  1891-1906,  Hoboken,  N. 

J.,  1st,  1906-10,  Winfield,  L.  I.,  191 1 

Acldy,  John  Gilmore,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Feb.  6,  1872;    P.S.  97,  1.  Presb.  Biooklyn: 

(Huntsburg,    N.   J.,   98-1900).    Bethany    Chapel,    Brooklyn,    1900-1902, 

Hoboken  ist,  1902-3,  Woodlawn,  1906 

Aci'lt=i,   Eerko,   b.   in   Germany,    Feb.   2,    1864;     H.C.   98,   W.S.    1900,    1.   CI. 

Holland.     Bethany  Ch.,   Clara  City,  Minn.,   1900-1903,  and   S.S.   Clara 

City,   Minn.,   1900-1903,   CI.   Miss.,   Pleasant   Prairie,   1904-1910,   Salem, 

Little   Rock,   la.,   1910 

A'bert,  Pierre,  b.  Lausanne,   Switz.,   1767,  N.  Y.  C,   French  ch.,   1797-1804. 
Albrrtis    (or  Burtis),  John,  b.   179—,  C.C.   1812,  N.B.S.   1817,  1.  CI.  N.B. 

1817. 
Alf,   Alfred.      From   Swedish   Evangelical    Mission,   Gotebo,   Okl.,    1910-11. 
Allen,  Abram  W.,  b.   1814,   Highlands,    1874-84,   died  Dec.    12. 
Allen,  Arthur,  H.     Received  from  Pres.  Brighton  Heights,  1902-07.    Pres. 

1911 

Allen,  Chs.  Jeremiah,  b.  Carlisle,  Pa.,  Dec.  6,  1865;  Laf.C.  89,  U.T.S.  92; 

ord.   by   ch.   of    Passaic,   June    14,   92;     Pompton    Plains,    N.   J.,   92-6, 

Greenville,  Jersey   City,  96-1900.     Congregatior;al,   Bethany,   Brooklyn 

1901 ). 

Allen,   Fred   E.,   b.   New    Haven,   Ct.,   Ap.   21,.  1850;   R.C.   -jz^   N.B.S.   76, 

P.  G.  U.S.  77-8,  1.  CI.  Newark;    (Middle  Island,  L.   L,  78-92;    Gris- 

wold,  Ct.,  1892-1906.     S.S.  South  Haven — (Brookhaven,  L.I.   1908). 
Allen.   Henry   Bacon,  b.   New  York,   Mar.    16,    1868;    U.S.;    N.B.S.    1898; 

1.    CI.     Saratoga ;      Easton,     N.     Y.,    June-Oct.,    98,    Annandale,    98- 

1901.    Delmar,    Bethlehem,    2d,    N.    Y.,    1901-1910.     English    Neighbor- 
hood,  1910-18.     Chaplain  U.S.A.   1918.     Grove  Church,   New  Durham, 

Clifton   Chapel   1919. 
Publication  :    "Carry  On,"  American  Legion  Monthlv,  Post  46,  Union 
Hill,  N.  J. 
Allen,  John  Knox    (s.  of   P.  Allen),  b.  at  West  New  Hempstead,  N.  Y., 

Oct.  20,   1844;    R.   C.  65,   N.B.S.  68,  1.   CI.   N.B.;    Hoboken,   1868-70, 

Tarrytown,  ist,  1870-1920 — P.Em.  1920 .     D.D.  by  R.C.  1892. 

Publications:    "The    Permanence   of   the   Church":     Sermon   at  200th 
anniv.  of  ist  ch.  Tarrytown,  1897. 

Legendary   History  of   the  Old   Dutch  Ch.  of   Sleepy  Hollow.     Account 
of  the  Action  at  Tarrytown,  July  15,  1781. 
Allen.  John   Mitchell,  b.   Centreville.   Va.,  Dec.  26,   1861.     R.C.  85.   N.B.S. 

88,  1.   CI.   Raritan  ;    Upper   and   Lower  Walpack,  88-1892,   d.   May  24. 

See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1893,  886;    "Biog.  Notices  of  Grade.     R.C," 

1892,  43- 
Allen,    John    Stevenson,    b.    Balm,    Pa.,    Oct.    20,    1857;     Westm.    Coll.    82, 

U.T.S.  85,  1.  by  Presb.  of  N.  Y. ;  ord.  Presb.  West  Chester,  May  13, 

86;     (Presbyt.  West   Chester,   N.  Y.,   1886-9;    Patterson,  N.   Y.,   1889- 

91),  Newark,  N.  J.   (N.  Y.  av.),  1891-1906     Ass.  Marble  Col.  N.Y.C., 

1906-13.     Crescent  Place,  Yonkers   (S.S.),   1913 — .     D.D.,  Grove  City, 

Col.,  1906. 


238  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Allen,  Peter,  b.  in  Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1808;    N.B.S.  1837,  1.  CI.  Pough- 
keepsie,  1837 ;   West  New  Hempstead  and  Ramapo,  1837-53,  West  New 
Hempstead,  1853-62.     d.     See  Sketch  in  "Manual,"   1879. 
Allen,  Peter  A.,  1888-90. 

Alliger,  John  B.,  b.  1816,  R.C.  35,  N.B.S.  40,  1.  CI.  Ulster;    Clove,  N.  Y., 
40-3,   Shawangunk,  43-50,  Jamaica,   51-70,  w.  c.     Died  June   18,   1885. 
See  Manual,   1902. 
Althuis,   Jacob   Jonathan,   b.    Neth.,   March   8,    1888.     H.C.    14,   W.S.    17 

1.  by  CI.  Holland   17.     Lafayette,   Ind.,   1917 

Ambler,  James  B.,  b.  in  England,  1797;  1.  1816  (Bradford,  Eng.,  1816-8)  ; 
c.  to  America,  1818  (Presbyt.  1818-33)  in  Ref.  Ch.  1833-48,  d. 
His  ministry  was  extended  through  the  northern  and  central  portions  of 
New  York  till  about  1833,  when  he  connected  himself  with  the  Reformed 
Church.  He  commanded  the  utmost  esteem  for  the  sincerity  of  his  piety 
and  his  untiring  zeal. 

Amerman,  Albert,  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  1793 ;   C.C.  1812,  Assoc.  Ref.  Sem.  1816,  1. 
CI.  N.Y.  1816;   Johnstown  and  Mayfield,  1817-20,  susp.  restored,  Johns- 
town and  Mayfield,  1820-1,  "Johnstown  and  Mayfield,  indep.,"  1821-43, 
"Hackensack    and    Paterson,    indep.,"    1843-55,    "Hackensack,    indep.," 
1855-71,  when  pastor  and  people  joined  the  Presbyt.  Ch.     Emeritius, 
1877.     Died   Sept.  4,   1881.     See  Manual,   1902. 
Publications  :    "Independency,"  "The  Church  of  Christ  Independent  of 
the  Synod  of  Dordrecht,  and  all  other  Synods;   or.  Scriptural  Principles  in 
Relation  to  the  Order  ^id  Government  of  the  Church."     l2mo,  pp.   188. 
Albany  :    1823. 

Amerman,  James  Lansing,  b.  at  Farmingdale,  L.  I.,  Aug.  13,  1843;    N.Y.U. 
62,  N.B.S.  68,  lie.  CI.  N.  Y. ;  Richboro',  Pa.,  68-71  ;    Bergen    (Jersey 
City),  71-76;   Missionary  to  Japan,  76-93;   Prof,  of  Theology  at  Tokio, 
77-93,  returned  to  America ;    Financial  Sec.  of  Bd.  of  Foreign  Mis- 
sions,   and    Assistant    Treasurer    R.C.A.,    1893-1915.      Cobleskill    and 
Howe's  Cave,  1915-20.     w.  c.     D.D.,  R.C,  1885. 
Publications  :    "Memorial  Sermon  for  Acton  Cyril  Price,  Jersey  City, 
N.    J.,"    1875.      "Sketch    of    Japan    Mission,    R.C.A.,"    1880.      "Shinyaku 
Seisho  Shingaku."     "The  Theology  of  the  New  Testament  on  the  basis  of 
Van    Oosterzee,"    1881.      Third    edition    1896.      "The    Gospel    of    Mark    in 
Japanese.  Colloquial,"   1881.     There  have  been   several  editions.     "Soshiki 
Shingaku  Chogen."    "An  Introduction  to   Systematic  Theology."    A  tract, 

1884.  "Yushinron,"  "The  Argument  for  the  Being  of  God,"  1884.  Third 
edition    1890.      "Shinseiron,"   "The   Attributes    of    God   and    the    Trinity," 

1885.  Second  edition  1892.  "Kami  no  Teshi,"  "The  Decrees  of  God," 
1885.  "Tenchisozoron,"  "The  Creation  of  the  Universe,"  1885.  "Kyok- 
wai  Seiji,"  "Church  Government,"  "After  Dr.  S.  M.  Woodbridge,"  1885. 
Second  edition  1888.  "Jinseiron,"  "Anthropology,"  1887.  "Kyujogaku," 
"Soteriology,"  1888.  All  of  these  Japanese  works  were  prepared  in  col- 
laboration with  Rev.  K.  Ibuka,  M.A.,  and  were  printed  either  in  Tokyo  or 
Yokohoma. 

Many  letters  and  articles  for  periodicals,  both  English  and  Japanese. 

Amerman  Thos.  A.  A.C.  1827  N.B.S.  30,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie ;  Beekman, 
N.Y.  (S.S.)  30-1,  Coeymans,  32  (Presb.  32-5),  Shokan,  35-8;  James- 
ville,  38-40. 

Ames,  John  W.     Studied  under  Livingston   (?)   Miss,  on  Delaware,  18x4. 

Anderson,  Asher,  b.  at  Flatlands,  L.I.,  July  23,  1846;  R.C.  70,  N.B.S.  '^Z^ 
1.  CI.  N.B.;  Hiram,  Me.,  72;  Flatbush,  N.  Y.,  73-75;  Fishkill,  75-80, 
Passaic,  North  Ch.,  80-5.  (Briston,  Conn.,  86-90,  Meriden,  Conn.,  1890- 
1901  ;  Fitchburg,  Mass.,  1914-1917,  Dorchester,  Mass.,  1917-19,  Fram- 
ingham,  Mass.,  1920-21). 
Member  Bd.   Education,   Passaic,   1882-5,  of   Meriden.   1892-8.     Chaplain 

2d  Reg.  C.  N.  G.,  1897-1900.     Corporate  Member  A.B.C.F.M.     Moderator 

Com.  General  Association,  1899.     Delegate  to  National  Council,  1895-189S- 


THE    MINISTRY  239 

Registrar  Com.  Central  Conf.,  1892-1901.  Sec.  of  Trustees,  National  Coun- 
cil, 1900-02.  Sec.  Provisional  Com.,  1900-01.  Sec.  National  Council,  1901- 
13.  Sec.  Board  of  Ministerial  Relief,  1900-02.  Editor  Cong.  Year  Book, 
1901-14.  Editor  Minutes  of  National  Council,  1906-08.  Sec.  (Asst.)  Inter- 
national Council,  Edinburgh,  1908.  Pres.  Derring  Memorial  Corporations, 
1911-14.  Sec.  (Asst.)  Federal  Council,  1906-08.  Rec.  Sec.  Am.  Miss. 
Association,  1901 — .) 

Publications:  "A  Mind  to  Work,"  1883.  "Biblical  Theology,"  1884. 
"Steps  for  Beginners,"  1898.  "National  Council  Digest,"  1905.  "Congre- 
gational Faith  and  Practice,"  1906.  "Congregational  Year  Book,"  14 
issues.     "Minutes  of  National  Council,"  5  issues. 

Anderson,  Charles,  b.  Schenectady,  1812;  U.C.  1840,  Aub.  Sem.  43   (Sen- 
nett,  N.  Y.,  42-64,  Union  Springs,  64-8,  Savannah,  68-70,  Sennett,  70-7, 
Castile,  77-8)  ;    Owasco  Outlet,  79-1883  (Presbyt.).     Died  Jan.  4,  1900. 
See  "Aub.  Sem.  Cat." 
Anderson,  Chas.  T.,  b.  in  Wayne  Co.,  Pa.,  Sept.  26,  1849;    C.N.J.  69,  P.S. 
Ti,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  of  Elizabeth,  April  18,  72;    ord.  by  Presbyt.  Phila- 
delphia, North,  May,  Tz  (Port  Kennedy,  Pa.     (Presbyt.),  73-4),  Pea- 
pack,  74-82.     (Hackensack,  Presbyt.  82-86).     (Pres.  Rockaway,  86-96). 
Bound   Brook,    1896-1906.     Greenwood   Heights,    Brooklyn,    1906-14. 
Publications:     "All   things  pertaining  to    Life;"    an    illustration   of   2 
Pet,   i,    5-7.      1879. 

Anderson,  Wm.,  b.  Sept.  4,  1814;    N.B.S.  49,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;    Peapack,  49-56, 
Fairview,  56-9,  Newtown,  59-66,  Greenbush,  66-76,  St.  Thomas,  W.  I., 
a  few  months,  75-6,  Fordham,  76-87,  d.  Ap.  2.^-     See  Manual,  1902. 
Anderson,  Wm.  Frederic   (son  of  Wm.  Anderson),  b.  at  Peapack,  N.  J., 
Jan.  17,  1855;    R.C.  75,  P.S.  79  (Chatham,  1879-81);    Fordham,  81-93. 
Died  July  24,  1893.     See  Manual,  1902. 
Anderson,  Wm.  H.,  b.  Feb.  2},,   1840.     R.C.    1862,   N.B.S.    1865,  1.   S.   CI. 
L.I.  1865  ;    Cortlandtown,  1865-6.     License  withdrawn  1866.     Physician, 
d.  Oct.  28,  1887. 
Andres,   Gottlieb,  b.   Olbcrsleben,   Saxony,  Jan.  3,   1851  ;     Northwest  Coll., 
111.,  76,  Eden  Sem.,  Missouri,  79;  ord.  by  Evang.  Luth.  Ch.  79  (Nameoki, 

III.,  79-83)  ;    Jersey  City,  St.  John's  Ger.  Evang.  1883 

Publications:    "St.  Johannes  Bote,"  last  30  years. 
Andreae,  M.  C.  T.  (son  of  Rev.  G.  Andreae),  b.  Jersey  City,  Sept.  8,  1887 
R.C,  1909,  N.B.S.  1912;  1.  by  S.  CI.  of  Bergen,  1912,  Glen  Rock,  N 
J..  1912-15,  Jersey  City,  St.  John's.  1915-18;    Philmont,  N.  Y.,  1918 — 
Andrew,  Lewis  Curry,  b.  Howeland,  Md.,  Jan.  24,  1852;    St.  John's  Coll. 
Annapolis;    ord.  by  Meth.  Epis.  Conf.  Wilmington,  Del.;    N.B.S.  90 
West  Farms,  N.Y.C.,  88-95,  w.  c. 
Andrus,  Jonathan  Cowles,  b.  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  10,  1855,  C.U.  76, 

N.B.S.  82.  Serving  Presbyterian  and  Congregational  Churches. 
Antonides,  Vincentius,  b.  1670,  Bergen  in  Vriesland,  Llolland,  169.-1705,  c. 
to  America  1705;  Bushwick,  Flatbush,  Flatlands,  Brooklyn,  New 
Utrecht,  Gravesend.  1705-44,  also  Jamaica,  1705-41,  d.  1744,  July  18. 
Upon  his  arrival  he  found  his  field  occupied  by  Freeman  under  license 
from  Cornhury,  who  fomented  the  troubles  in  the  Dutch  churches  of  Long 
Island.  He  was  treated  with  great  discourtesy  by  Cornbury,  yet  he  boldly 
performed  his  duties  at  the  risk  of  imprisonment  by  the  governor. 
After  yielding  many  points  to  Freeman  for  the  sake  of  peace,  the  troubles 
partially  ceased.  The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  sustained  Antonides  and 
condemned  Freeman  through  all  the  troubles.  At  his  death  a  paper  of  the 
day  says:  "He  was  a  gentleman  of  extensive  learning,  of  an  easy,  con- 
descending behavior  and  conversation  and  of  a  regular,  exemplary  piety, 
endeavoring  to  practice  himself  what  he  preached  to  others;  was  kind, 
benevolent  and  charitable  to  all,  according  to  his  ability;  meek,  humble, 
patriotic  and  resigned  under  all  his  afflictions,  losses,  calamities  and  mis- 


240  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

fortunes,  which  befell  him  in  his  own  person  and  family." — See  also  "Doc. 
His.   N.   Y."   iii.  89-115,  qt.   ed.   IV.,   123;    "Sutphen's   Hist.   Disc";     Ecc. 
Rec. ;   many  letters   1704-44. 
Appel,  John  B.     Pres.  Kiskatom,   1902-04.     Gardiner,   1904-06.     Port  Jer- 

vis,  2d,  1906-09.     Knox  and  2d  Berne   (S.S.),  1909-10. 
Appledoorn,   Leonard,  b.  Kalamazoo,   Mich.,   Dec.   5,   1879,   Kalamazoo  Col. 
1907,   N.B.S.   1910,  1.  by  CI.  Mich.     Mellenville,   1911-18,   Port  Ewen, 

1918 . 

Arcularius,  And.  M.,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Dec.  2,  1835,  R-C.  1863,  N.B.S.  66,  1. 
CI.  N.B. ;  North-Esopus,  1866-81,  Roxbury,  81-3,  New  Baltimore, 
83-97.  Supplying  97-99.  St.  Thomas,  W.  I.,  99-1901.  Greenwood 
Heights,  Brooklyn  (S.S.),  1902-04.  Clinton  Ave.,  Newark,  Ass. 
1905-10,  d.  191 1,  March  7. 
A  quiet,  humble,  useful,  brave  man.  See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  191 1,  250. 
Armbruster,  Christian,  b.  Germany.  (Rochester  Univ.,  Rochester  Sem- 
inary,   1898.      Ord.    Baptist    Bd.,    Denver,    Col.,    Western    Missionary, 

1909-15),  Miles  Square,  Yonkers,   (S.S.)    1915 

Arnolt,  Wm.  Muss.,  b.  Germany,  May  7,  i860.  N.B.S.  1882,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ; 
Johns  Hopkins  University,  83;  dismissed  to  Presbytery  of  Baltimore, 
1883.  Never  ordained.  See  Biog.  Record  N.B.S.,  CI.  '82. 
Arondeus,  Johannes,  ord.  by  CI.  Amsterdam,  Sept.  9,  1741  ;  c.  from  Hol- 
land, 1742;  Bushwick,  Flatlands,  Brooklyn,  New  Utrecht  and  Graves- 
end,  1742-50 ;  Raritan,  Readington,  Harlingen,  Six  Mile  Run  and 
Three  Mile  Run,, 1747-54 ;  returned  to  Holland. 
He  was  from  Overschic,  Holland.  The  Classis  was  seeking  a  man  for 
the  churches  of  Kings  Co.,  L.I.,  when  he  reported  himself  as  "Commenda- 
tus"  for  foreign  churches.  The  Classis  highly  praised  him  in  a  letter  to 
Long  Island  and  wished  for  him  and  his  wife  a  safe  voyage.  He  went  by 
way  of  England  because  of  the  dangers  caused  by  the  war,  but  was  speed- 
ily captured  by  Spanish  pirates  and  robbed  of  everything  he  had,  even  his 
call,  and  in  January,  1742,  he  found  himself  again  put  down  on  the  coast  of 
Holland.  The  pirates  had  carried  him  to  St.  Sebastian.  He  now  asked 
to  be  released  from  his  call  to  Long  Island  on  acount  of  the  feebleness 
of  his  wife,  but  the  Classis  delayed  granting  his  request.  In  the  mean- 
time the  churches  of  Long  Island  sent  over  a  new  call  for  him,  offered  to 
pay  his  back  salary  and  made  him  a  present  of  $250,  so  anxious  were  they 
for  a  minister,  especially  as  Freeman  had  recently  died.  He  started  again 
June  20,  1742.  and  reached  his  destination  safely.  For  several  years  mat- 
ters proceeded  fairly  well,  when  in  1747  he  became  a  violent  enemy  of 
the  Coetus.  He  now  irregularly  went  to  the  churches  on  the  Raritan  and 
had  himself  installed  pastor  of  the  churches  in  Somerset  Co.,  by  Fryen- 
moet,  and  ministered  to  the  enemies  of  Frelinghuysen.  The  Harlingen 
records  were  taken  possession  of  by  his  party  and  his  ecclesiastical  acts 
recorded  in  them,  for  all  the  surrounding  churches.  He  ordained  new 
consistories  for  Three  Mile  Run,  Six  Mile  Run,  Harlingen,  Readington 
and  Raritan  and  his  baptisms  of  the  children  of  the  disaffected  in  this 
region  are  recorded  for  seven  years  from  1747.  The  Harlingen  consistory 
started  new  records  (both  books  are  still  preserved)  in  1749  and  left  the 
site  of  the  old  church,  selecting  a  new  site  for  a  new  building.  In  1748 
he  went  back  to  his  field  on  Long  Island  and  resumed  services  there.  In 
1750,  because  of  irregularities  in  general  and  trouble  with  his  colleague. 
Van  Sinderin,  the  Coetus  suspended  him,  to  which,  however,  he  paid  no 
attention.  In  1752  he  was  deposed,  but  continued  to  preach  for  a  year 
or  two,  especially  in  New  Jersey.  In  1772  he  again  sought  recognition 
of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  but  the  Classis  looked  up  his  record  and 
summarily  rejected  him.  See  "Millstone  Centennial"  and  "New  Bruns- 
wick Hist.  Discourse,"  by  Steele.  M,ints.  Ch.  N.Y.,  Eng.  Trans.  Lib. 
B.  167,  Frelinghuysen's  Sers.  341  ;  for  another  description  of  him.  Ecc. 
Rec,   many  letters,    1742-54,   1772. 


THE    MINISTRY  24I 

Arthur,  James  O.  Ordained  a  miss,  by  CI.  of  N.Y.,  1916;  Wiiite  Tail 
Canyon,  N.M.,   1918-20. 

Ashley,  A.  W.,  S.S.,  New  Concord,  1876-8. 

Ashley,  B.   F.,  Athens,   ist   1891-2;    Presbyt. 

Atwater,  Elnathan  R.,  b.  Canajoharie,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  15,   1816;    U.C.  34,  lie. 

Presbyt.   Albany,  48    (Tribes   Hill,  48-51,   mission   work  in    Brooklyn, 

51-3);     entered    R.D.C.    53;     Assoc.    Editor,    Christian    Intelligencer, 

53-68,  sole  editor,  68-72 ;    died   1899,   Nov.  28. 

He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  followed  that  profession 

for  several  years.     Relinquishing  the  legal  profession,  he  studied   for  the 

ministry.     As  a  man  he  was  noted  for  his  manliness  ;   as  a  minister  of  the 

Gospel  for  the  solidity  of  his  utterances;    as  an  editor  he  wielded  skilfully 

the  editorial  pen.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1900,  889. 

Atwater,  John  Parsons,  b.  Brooklyn,  Dec.  7,  1872  (son  of  E.  R.  Atwater), 
N.  Y.  U.,  1895;    student  in  N.B.S.     Died  Dec.  20,   1897. 

Augustine,  R.  Howard  M.,  b.  Wainfleet,  Ontario,  Canada.  State  Nor- 
mal School,  Ypsilanti,  Mich.,  Cleary  College.  Theol.  Course  under 
direction  Detroit  Presbytery.  1.  by  Detroit  Presbytery,  1905.  (Pres. 
S.S.  Sandusky,  1905-07;  Ass.  Newark  Park  Pres.,  1907-09;  Hanover, 
N.  J.,  1909-17).  Bayonne,  ist,  1917-19;  State  Supervisor  of  Sur- 
veys in  111.  for  Interchurch  World  Movement,  1919;  (Pres.  ist, 
Joplin,  Mo.;  War  Work  in  American  Camps,  1918.) 
Publications  :    Pamphlets,  articles  for  press. 

Aurand,  Henry,  b.  1805;  D.C.  1830  (settlements  in  Ger.  Refd.  and  Presbyt. 
chs.     See  Manual,   1879).     Columbia,  N.  Y.,   1860-3.     Died   1876. 

Austin,  John,  a  mistake   for  Justin,  John.     Min.  Gen.   Syn.,   1908. 

Axtell,  J.  D.    Candidate  CI.  of  Newark,  1911-13.    Not  licensed  or  ordained. 

Ayler,  Junius  (African),  b.  Virginia,  Oct.  2,  i860.  N.B.S.  1886.  In  Meth- 
odist Church.     Attorney-at-Law. 

Ayers,  Samuel  Brittain,  b.  in  Pa.  181 1  ;  C.N.J.  34,  P.S.  2>7  \  ord.  CI.  Orange, 
38;  Minsunk,  38-41,  Ellenville,  41-54,  Vanderveer,  111.  54-67;  Presbyt. 
Died  Dec.   15,   1887.     See  "Manual,"   1879,  and  "P.  S.  Gen.   Cat." 

Baas,  Wm.  G.,  b.  Zaandam,  Ncths.,  June  28,   1850;    H.C.  80,  N.B.S.  83,  1. 

CI.    N.B.    Arcadia    and    Palmyra,    83-8,    Palmyra,    88-91,    Beaverdam, 

Mich..  1891-1903;    d.  Dec.   12.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1904,  828. 

Publications:     Articles  in  De  Hope.    Translation  in  Dutch  of  a  volume 

of  selections  of   Dr.  Cuyler's  works. 

Baay,  Gerrib,  b.  in  Neths.,  May  31,   1792;    came  to  America,   1848;    Alto, 

Wis.,  48--0. 
Baay,  Jac,  b.  Neth.,  May  30,  1827.     Beloit  Coll.  1857.  N.B.S.  i860;    1.  CI. 

N.B.,  i860;    Keokuk,  1860-65.  Presbyt.,  1866.    d.  Dec.  5,  1905. 
Babbitt,  Amzi,  b.   Mendham,  N.J.,   1794;    C.N.J.   1816,  P.S.   1821  ;    ord.  by 
Presbyt.  Newcastle  April  3,  1821  (Pequea,  Pa.,  21-31,  Presbyt.)  ;  Phila- 
delphia. 2d,  34-5   (Salisbury,   Pa.,   Presbyt.).     Died  Nov.   14,   1845. 
Backerus,  Johannes  Cornelisz.,  of  Barsinger,  Hoorn.     Ord.  by  CI.  Amster- 
dam,  Oct.    16,   1642;    Curacoa,    1642-7,   New   Amsterdam,    1647-9. 
He  was  introduced  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  Oct.,  1640,  by  a  letter  of 
Rev.  John  Mcgapolensis,  then  minister  at  Koedyk,  as  one  willing  to  go  as 
a  Comforter  of  the  Sick  to  the  East  Indies;    but  as  he  had  not  a  regular 
education,  he  was  refused.     In   1641   it  was  shown   that  he  had  exercised 
himself  for  two  years  at  Koedyk  in  the  "Postamena"  of  the  Christian  re- 
ligion.    The  Classis  then  allowed  him  to  preach  before  them  on  Justifica- 
tion (Rom.  3:28),  but  they  were  not  entirely  satisfied.     He  preached  again 
before  them  on  John  3:16.     The  Classis  said  he  had  some  good  notions 
(rcymsclcn),  but  he  must  study  still  further.    A  few  months  later  he  again 
preached  before  Classis  on  Mat.  16:18,  "Thou  art  Peter,"  etc.,  but  he  was 
again   exhorted   to   study.     He  tried   it  again   in   October  on    i    John   2:2>> 
and   in   November  on   Rom.  3:1,   when   the  assembly  was   so   well  pleased 
that  they  resolved  to  examine  him. 


242  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

On  Dec.  2,  1641,  Backerus  was  finally  examined  and  ordination  was 
promised  him  before  the  sailing  of  the  next  ships  to  Curacoa.  But  in 
July,  1642,  nothing  had  yet  been  accomplished,  as  the  directors  of  the 
company  were  dilatory  in  accepting  him.  They  were  deliberating  whether 
*to  abandon  Curacoa  or  not.  On  account  of  this  delay,  the  company 
presented  Backerus  with  $100.  On  Oct.  16,  1642,  the  Classis  finally  or- 
dained him  and  he  proceeded  on  his  journey.  His  contract  with  the  com- 
pany was  for  four  years.  Letters  were  subsequently  received  from  him 
from  that  place  relating  to  the  state  of  the  church  there  and  asking 
instructions  as  to  baptizing  the  children  of  the  natives.  Subsequently 
Peter  Stuyvesant  was  made  governor  of  Curacoa,  and  in  1647  was  trans- 
ferred to  New  Netherland  and  Backerus  accompanied  him  and  took  charge 
of  the  church  at  New  Amsterdam  with  a  salary  of  1,400  guilders  ($560). 
In  May,  1649,  Stuyvesant  forbade  Backerus  to  read  papers,  animadvert- 
ing on  the  government,  from  the  pulpit  until  he  had  signed  them.  He 
sailed  for  Holland  Aug.  15,  1649,  and  when  there  took  sides  with  the  com- 
plainants against  Stuyvesant. 

On  Sept.  4,  1651,  he  offered  his  services  to  the  East  India  Company 
and  was  accepted.  He  soon  after  sailed  to  the  East  Indies  and  is  lost 
to  view  in  the  golden  haze  of  that  enchanted  region.  See  "Col.  Docs., 
N.  Y.,  i,  308,  317,  431,  496;   xiv,  115;  and  Ecc.  Rec. 

Baeder,  F.   N.,  b.   Hanover,  N.  J.,   May  3,   1880.     N.B.S.   1905,  1.  by  CI. 
Newark.      Pottersville,    1905-07;     Rosendale    Plains,    Tillson,    1907-10; 
Holmdel,    1910-14 ;  .  Peapack,    1915-20;     d.    Jan.    15.     Religious    work 
in  camps  during  the  war.    See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1920,  278. 
Bagley,  Francis  H.,  b.  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Jan.  16,  1840;    Ham.  C.  70,  U.S. 
73 ;     ord.    Presbyt.    Buffalo,    sine    titulo,    May    20,    1873 ;    Greenburgh, 
1873-5,  d.  July  12,  1878.     See  "Alanual"  of  1879  and  "U.S.  Cat." 
Bahler,   Louis   Henri    (s.   of    P.    B.    Bahler).   b.   Amsterdam,    Neths.,    Sept. 
18,  1839 ;    R.C.  61,  N.B.S.  67,  1.  CI.  Orange ;    Coeymans,  67-9,  teaching, 
69-84    (Preble,    N.Y.,   84-9,    Maiden,   89-96),   W.    Hurley,    N.Y.,    96-7, 
Manheim,  98-1900.     (Pres.  Meadville,  1902-05;  West  Milton,  1905-10; 
d.  Dec.   12,  1914.     Min.  Gen.   Synod,   1915,  598. 
Bahler,   Pierre  Benjamin,  b.  at  ZwoUe,  Neths.,  May  25,   1807;    studied  in 
gymnasia,  in  Neths.;  C.  to  America,  1865;  Albany  (Holl.),  65-6;  Pater- 
son  (Holl.),  66-8;    Rochester  (Holl.),  68-73,  emeritus.     Died  Jan.  28, 
1882. 
Bahler,   Pierre   Guillaume   Maximilien    (s.   of   P.    B.   Bahler),   b.   at   Mons, 
Belgium,  Ap.  29,  1844;   R.C.  1868,  N.B.S.  71,  lie.  CI.  N.  B.  71  ;  Pultney- 
ville,  71-84;    Beaverdam,   Mich.,  85-89;    Clymerhill,   N.   Y.,   1889-1903. 
Ontario,    1903-08.      S.C.    CI.    Rochester,    1908-20. 
Bailey,  Amos  J.     Congregational;    S.S.  Williamsburgh,   1909;    Congrega- 
tional.    Went  West.     Dead. 
Bailey,  E.  D.     (Brother  of  Amos  J.  Bailey).     Congregational.     S.S.  Wil- 
liamsburgh,   1903-09;     Congregational.     Went   West.     Dead. 
Bailey,    Henry    S.,   b.    Bremen,    O.,    Mar.    16,    1862;     Heidelberg   Coll.    88, 
Heidelberg  Sem.  90;    lie.  by  G.R.C.   (White  Pigeon,  Mich.,  90-4,  Three 
Rivers,    Mich.,   94-6),    Centreville,    Mich.,    1896-1903. 
Bailey,  John  Webster,   Northumberland,   1884-6. 

Bailey,  Wm.,  b.  Beckers  Corners,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  19,  1819;  R.C.  42,  N.B.S.  45, 
1.  CI.  Albany ;  Helderbergh,  45-7 ;  Schodack,  47-56 ;  Constantine, 
56-63 ;  also  Mottville,  56-63  ;  also  Porter,  59-63 ;  Albany,  3d,  63-68 ; 
Whitehouse,  68-84.  Died  July  3,  1887.  See  Manual  of  1902 
Baird,  Charles  Washington  (son  of  Rev.  Dr.  Robt.  Baird),  b.  at  Princeton, 
N.  J.,  Aug.  28,  1828;  U.N.Y.,  48;  U.S.,  52;  1.  by  Presbyt.  New  Bruns- 
wick; Chaplain  of  Am.  Chapel,  Rome,  Italy,  52-4;  Sec.  Am.  and  For. 
Ch.  Union,  54-5 ;  R.D.C.,  Bergen  Hill,  Brooklyn,  Mar.  6o-Ap.  1861 
(Presbyt.  Ch.  Rye,  N.Y.,  1861-87),  d.  Feb.  10.  D.D.  by  U.N.Y.,  1876. 
He   was  a   Christian  scholar  whose  historical   studies  will  long  sur- 


THE   MINISTRY  243 

vive.  As  a  minister  he  was  a  true  bishop  of  souls.  See  Manual,  1902. 
Publications  :  "Eutaxia,  or  The  Presbyt.  Liturgies,"  1855  i  ^  revised 
edition  was  published  in  London  by  Rev.  Thos.  Binney,  under  the  title  "A 
Chapter  on  Liturgies,"  1856.  "A  Book  of  Public  Prayer,"  compiled  from, 
the  "Authorized  Formularies  of  the  Presbyt.  Ch."  as  prepared  by  Calvin, 
Knox,  Bucer.  etc.,  1857.  "Chronicle  of  a  Border  Town:  Hist,  of  Rye, 
N.Y.,"  1660-1870;  1871.  "Hist.  Bedford,  N.Y.,  Church,"  1882.  "Hist,  of 
Huguenot  Emigration  to  America,"  2  vols.,  1885  ;  2d  ed.  1885.  "Translation 
of  Malan's  Romanism,"  1844.  "Transl.  of  Discourses  and  Essays  of  Merle 
d'Aubigne,"  1896.  "Civil  Status  of  Presbyterians  in  Province  of  N.Y.,"  in 
"Mag.  of  Am.  Hist.,"  October,  1879.  "Monograph  on  Rev.  Pierre  Daille." 
"A  Moth  Among  the  Records  in  London." 

His  "Hist  of  the  Huguenot  Emigration"  was  translated  into  French  by 
A.   E.   Myer  and   De   Richemond,   under  the  title   "Histoire   des  Refugies 
Huguenots  en  Amerique,"  and  published  at  Toulouse  by  the  Societe  des 
Livres   Religieux,    1886,   in   one   volume,   8vo,   pp.   624. 
Baker,  Fred.  Philip,  b.  at  Franeker,  Neths.,  Feb.  25,  1852;    H.C.  73,  W.S. 

76,    1.    CI (ord.    by    Presbyt.   of    Winnebago.    "JT,     Runal,    Wis., 

76-83;  Marshfield,  Wis.,  83-7;  Wayne,  Neb.,  87-91);  Constantine, 
Mich.,  91-3  (Hot  Springs,  S.  Dak.,  93-7;  Sheldon,  111.,  97-9,  Presbyt.)  ; 
Irving  Park,  Chicago,  1899 — .  Transferred  with  his  church  to  the 
Presbytery  of  Chicago,  111.,  1913. 
Baker,  Wm.  Schcrmerhorn,  b.  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  Nov.  18,  1858;  LL.B., 
Columbia  Coll.,  May  12,  80;  Counselor,  N.J.,  June  4,  85;  N.B.S.,  95; 
1.  CI.  Bergen;  ord.  by  CI.  Ulster,  July  9,  95;  Woodstock,  N.  Y.,  95;  mis- 
sionary work,  96-8;  Assistant,  Bloomingdale,  N.Y.C.,  October,  98- 
March  99,  w.  c.  1902 — Became  Episcopalian.  1908 — Member  of  the 
South  Classis  of  Bergen.  1909 — Became  Congregationalist. 
Bakker,  Albert,  b.  Texel,  Neth.,  Dec.  6,  1887.  H.C.  1916;  W.T.S.  1919;  1- 
by  CI.  Passaic,  1919;  Betliany,  Sully,  la.,  1919-21 ;  Sanborn,  la.,  1921. 
Baldwin,  Eli,  b.  at  Hackensack,  Nov.  i,  1791*;  University  Col.  of  Med. 
1817,  N.B.S.  20,  ordained  as  a  Miss,  to  Georgetown,  D.C.,  22-24,  Miss, 
agent  in  N.J.  and  Pa..  24-5,  Houston  St.,  N.Y.C.,  25-39,  d.  Sept.  6, 
S.T.D.  by  C.C.  See  Manual,  1902. 
Baldwin,  John  Abeel,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  April  25,  1810;  Y.C.  29,  P.S.  34,  lie. 
Presbyt.  Newark.  34;  Flatlands  and  New  Lotts,  36-52  (Lancaster.  Pa., 
Ger.  Ref.,  52-7)  ;  New  Providence,  N.  J.,  Presbyt.,  57-63  ;  S.S.  Wood- 
haven,  69-76,  residing  in  Brooklyn,  63-86,  d.  Feb.  22.     D.D.  by 

Baldwin,  John  Crane,  b.  Jan.  26,  1802;  N.B.S.  1832;    lie.  by  CI.  N.B.  1832. 
Lived  in  Alabama  and  Mississippi.     Died  at  Knox  Hill,  Florida,  June, 
1862.     He  was  half-brother  of  Rev.  Eli  Baldwin,  above. 
Baldwin,  Trueman.     S.S.    Cicero,  1846-7. 
Ball,  J.  A.     S.S.  Gilboa,  1873-5. 

Ballagh,  Jas.  H..  b.  Odel's  Lake,  N.Y.,  Sept.  7,  1832.    R.C.  '57,  N.B.S.  '60; 

1.   by   CI.    Bergen.      Missionary   in   Japan    1861-1920;     d.   Jan.   26.      He 

organized  the  first  Protestant  Church  in  Japan,  March   10.   1872,  and 

was  its  pastor  from  that  year  until  1878.     He  also  had  charge  of  the 

evangelistic  work  of  the   North  Japan   Mission.     At  the  time  of   his 

death   he   was  the  oldest  missionary   in   the   service  of  the   Reformed 

Church.     It  is  impossible  to  measure  the  lasting  results   of  his   long 

and  faithful  service.     D.D.  R.C,  1906.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn..  1920.  279. 

Puiii.icATioN.s  :    Trans,  of  "Westminster  Catechism  and  Child's   Shorter 

Catechism"    into   Japanese ;    numerous    hymns    into    Japanese ;     numerous 

artiticlcs  in  "The  Japan  Gazette,"  in  the  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  and  other 

papers  of  the  church;   sermon  at  Missionary  Convention  at  Osaka,  1883,  at 

Tokyo,  1900;    also  sermons  on  Presidents  Lincoln.  Garfield,  and  McKinley. 

Ballagh.  Wm.   H.     R.C.  60;    N.B.S.,  63,  1.  CI.   N.B.   Union,  65-68;    East 

Berne  and  Knox,  68-77;    Union  Evang.  Ch.,  Corona,  L.I.,  78-80;    As- 

bury  Park,  80-6 ;   Lodi,  86-8 Died  Jan.  2,  1892. 


244  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1892,  653;  and  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads,  R.C.," 

1892,  36. 

Ballard,  Bruce,  b.  Roxbury,  N.Y.,  Aug.  13,  1882.  R.C.  1907;  N.B.S.  1910; 
1.  by  CI.  N.B.  Jerusalem  and  Onesquethaw,  1910-13;  Schenectady, 
Woodlawn,  1913-15;    Montgomery,  1915 

Banninga,  John  J.,  b.  Muskegon,  Mich.,  Dec.  9,  1875;  H.C.  98,  W.S.  1901, 
1.  CI.  111.;  Missionary  under  A.B.C.F.M.  in  Madura  District,  India; 
dis.  to  Cong.,  1908. 

Bantley,  John.    N.Y.C.  Av.  B.  Ger.  1876. 

(Barclay,  Henry,  (Episc),  1708.  Preached  to  the  people  of  Albany  and 
Schenectady  in  Dutch,  1708-12.  Also  Miss,  to  Indians.  "Doc.  Hist.," 
iii,  697.     Anderson's  Col.  Ch.,  iii,  428-31). 

Barclay, .    N.B.S.  1809-10. 

Barcolo  ;    lie.  by  Coetus,  1758. 

Barcolo,  Geo.,  b.  at  New  Utrecht,  1775;  C.C.  1795,  stud,  theol.  under  Liv- 
ingston, 1.  CI.  N.Y.,  1798;  Hopewell  and  New  Hackensack,  1805-10,  d. 
1832,  at  Preakness,  N.J. 

Barnes,  Henry  A.    Florence,  S.C.  1915-18. 

Barnes.  Otis  T.,  b.  Philadelphia,  Sept.  18,  1885;  L.F.C.  '09;  U.T.S.  '12, 
(Congregational,  Chappaqua,  N.Y.,  1912-16)  ;  Bronxville,  1916-19;  d. 
Feb.  20.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1919,  922. 

Barnhill,  Oliver  Paul,  b.  March  24,  1878,  LaGrange,  Kentucky.  Center 
Col.,  Danville,  Ky.,  1900.  P.S.  1903;  1.  by  Pres.  Louisville,  Ky.,  1902. 
(Ass.  p.   Memorial  .Pres.   Ch.,   Brooklyn,   1903-04;     Stapleton,    S.I.,   ist 

Pres.  1905-16).    Assistant  Marble  Col.,  N.Y.C,  1916 .    Pres.  Presb. 

Min.  Asso.  of  N.Y.  and  Vicinity,  1909.  Operating  on  Hqts.  Staff  Mil- 
itary Intelligence,  A.P.L.,  under  Dept.  of  Justice  during  War.  Citation 
for  exceptional  service,  1918.  D.D.  by  Center  C,  1919,  and  Alfred 
Univ.,  1919. 

Barnum,  Fred.  Shepard,  b.  Bethel,  Ct.,  Feb.  3,  1837;  Wesleyan  Univ., 
Middletown,  Ct.,  59;  lie.  and  ord.  by  N.Y.  Conference,  Meth.  Epis. 
Ch.,  59  (Meth.  Epis.  Ch.,  Peekskill,  59-60;  Brewsters,  N.Y.,  60-2; 
Great  Barrington,  Mass.,  62-4 ;  Pine  Plains,  N.  Y.,  64-7 ;  Saugerties, 
N.Y. ,67-70;  Shrub  Oaks,  N.Y. ,  70-2;  Yonkers,  N.Y. ,  72-4 ;  Presbyt. ; 
Thompsonville,  Ct.,  74-88)  ;  Coxsackie  2d,  88-99,  w.  c.  d.  191 1,  March 
27.  He  was  an  able  minister  of  Jesus  Christ,  both  in  the  pastorate 
and  during  his  years  without  charge.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  191 1,  251. 

Barny,  Fred.  Jacob,  b.  Basle,  Switz.,  Jan.  i,  1873;  R.C,  94,  N.B.S.,  97, 
1.  CI.  N.Y.,  May  31,  97;  ord.  by  same,  June  13,  97.  Missionary  to 
Arabia,  1897 .     B.D.,  R.C,  1897;    B.D.,  P.S.,  1918. 

Barny,  William  F.,  b.  Sulz,  Germany,  Nov.  15,  1862.  Bd.  Sem.  '93;  Naum- 
burgh  and  New  Bremen.  N.Y.,  1893-7;  Salem,  S.D.,  97-1899.  (Cong. 
Little  Ferry,  N.J.,  1900-03).  Ch.  of  Jesus,  Brooklyn,  1903-05.  (German 
Ref.  Milltown,  N.J.,  1905-20).     N.B.S.,  1909.    d.  Dec.  27,  1920. 

Barr,  Robt.  H.,  b.  Glasgow,  Scotland,  Nov.  30,  1851  ;  R.C,  1875;  N.B.S., 
1878;    lie.  CI.  Paramus.   1878;    Guttenberg,   1878-80;    Owasco,   1880-3; 

Bushwick,  83-6.     S.S.  Ass.  Ref.,  New  Burgh,  N.Y.,  1888 .     Ph.D., 

R.C,  1884. 

Bartholf.     See  Bertholf. 

Bartholf,  Benjamin  A.,  b.  Wyckoff,  N.J.,  Nov.  i,  1835;  R.C.  61,  N.B.S. 
64,  1.  CI.  Passaic;  Fair  Haven,  64-8;  Pascack,  68-73.  S.S.  in  Ind. 
Cong.  Ch.  at  Stone  Church,  Genesee  Co.,  N.Y.,  73-6  (Mayfieid,  N.Y., 
76-80;  Conklinville  and  Day,  80-81,  Presbyt.),  Amity,  1881-7;  Vischers 
Ferry,  1881-7,  Gallatin,  87-99,  w.  c. ;  d.  Aug.  10,  1908.  Min.  Gen.  Syn., 
1909,  524. 

Bartlett,  Dwight  Kellogg,  b.  at  Utica.  N.Y.,  March  30,  1832;  U.C  54, 
tutor,  U.C  54-8,  P.S.  58,  lie.  N.  River  Presbyt.,  60;  ord.  by  same,  61; 
Smithfield,  N.Y.,  S9-62 ;  Stamford,  Ct.,  62-4,  both  Presbyt. ;  Rochester, 
N.Y.,  Cong.,  65-74;  Albany,  2d,  1874-81,  d.  Jan.  11.  D.D.  by  U.C. 
1875. 


THE    MINISTRY  :545 

Bartlett,  John.     Columbia,  N.Y.,   1811-14.     See  Dailey  Hist,  of  Mont.  CI., 

24. 
Bassett,  John,  b.  at  Bushwick,  1764;    C.C.  1786,  stud,  under  Livingston,  1. 

by  Syn.  R.D.  Chs.  1787;   Albany,  1787-1804,  Boght  (CI.  Albany),  1805- 

II,  Gravesend  and   Bushwick,   1811-24,   d. ;   also   Prof,   of   Heb.   Lang. 

1804-12.     Elected  a  trustee  of   Queen's   Coll.    1788.     S.T.D.  by  W.C. 

1804. 
He  was  a  man  of  extraordinary  erudition  and  an  excellent  Hebrew  and 
classical  scholar.  He  trained  a  number  of  young  men  for  the  ministry. 
He  was  an  edifying  preacher,  though  not  gifted  with  great  vividness  of 
imagination,  or  with  eloquence.  Quoted  in  "Centennial"  of  N.B.  Sem.,  427. 
See  Johnson's  "Hist.  Sketch,  Ch.  of  Albany,"  1899,  p.  19. 
Publications:    i.  "Psalms,  Hymns  and  Spiritual  Songs."    Albany,  1791. 

2.  Translation  of  Immens'  "Pious  Communicant,"  2  vols.  8vo,  N.Y.,  1801. 

3.  "Hist.  App.  to  Johnson's  Farewell  Ser.  at  Albany,"  1802.     4.  "Memorial 
of  Ch.  of  Albany  to  Classis,"  1804,  pp.  36. 

Bassler,  Benj.,  b.  at  Berne,  N.Y.,  1805;  U.C.  1830,  N.B.S.  1833,  New 
Rhinebeck  and  Sharon,  1833-8;  Cobleskill,  1838;  Farmerville,  1838-66. 
Died.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Bassori,  Augustino.     See  Dassori. 

Bates,  Elisha  D.  Gilboa,  1858;  Stuyvesant  Falls,  1860-1 ;  suspended  1869; 
deposed. 

Bates,  Wm.  Henry,  b.  Champion,  N.Y.,  May  20,  1840;  Ham.  Col.  '65,  Aub. 
Sem.  68,  1.  by  Pres.  of  Cayuga;  ord.  by  Pres.  of  Cortlandt  (in  Pres. 
Ch.  68-93).     S.S.  Rochester  2nd,  93-95. 

Bauer,  Christopher,  b.  Oct.  25,  1875,  Elmont,  L.L.  N.Y.  Bloomfield  Sem. 
1894;  Bloomfield  Acd.  1898;  1.  by  Pres.  of  Nassau  1897;  (Manches- 
ter, N.H.,  1898-1900;  Weyersville,  N.J.,  1900-1906;  Jamaica,  N.Y., 
1906-1908.  Supt.  and  Pastor  German  Deaconess  Hospital,  Cincinnati, 
O.,  1908-10).     Bethany,  Clara  City,  Minn.,  191c 

Baumeister,  John,  ord.  by  N-Cl.  L.L;  College  Point,  1888-98.  S.S.  Locust 
Valley,  L.L,  1910-12.     Teacher. 

Baxter,  John  H.,  b.  England,  March  21,  1878.  Educated  London,  Ky., 
1904;  1.  by  Pres.  of  Pueblo,  1906.  (Pres.  Hastings,  Colo.,  1905-07;  Tim- 
nath,  Colo.,  1907.)  Columbia  Memorial,  Okl.,  Ass.  1910;  pastor  1913. 
Alissionary,  Indian  work  1910-13;  Vermilye  Memorial,  Okl,  1912-13, 
and  Apache  Indians,  1912-13.  (Pres.  Fassil  Creek  1913-15.  Loveland, 
Colo.,  1913 ). 

Bayles,  J.  Owen,  b.  Cherry  Fork,  O.,  1835.  Geneva  Hall,  Northwood,  O., 
1857;  Refd.  Pres.  Sem.,  Allegheny,  Pa.,  '60;  1.  by  Ref.  Pres.  Ch. 
(Teaching  60-6;  Kortright,  N.Y.,  66-95).  Spotswood,  N.J.,  1895-1901, 
w.  c. ;    d.  Sept.  12,  1910.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1911,  253. 

Bayles,  Theodore  Floyd  (s.  of  J.  O.  Bayles),  b.  Kortright,  N.Y.,  July  25, 
1871  ;  U.C.  1895;  N.B.S.  1898;  1.  by  CI.  N.B. ;  Gardiner,  N.Y.,  98-'i902, 
Little  Falls,  N.  J.,  1902-06;  Freehold.  2nd,  1906-10;  Bayonne,  ist, 
1910-15;     Educational    Sec.    Bd.    Publication    and    Bible    Sch.    Work, 

1915-17;    Walden,  1917 .     Executive  Sec.  Progress  Campaign,  1919- 

20;    Member  Ex.  Com.  N.J.  S.S.  Ass.,  N.Y.  S.S.  Ass.;    Member  Ex. 
Com.  N.Y.  C.E.  Ass. 

Bcale.  Joseph  Robert,  b.  Pamplin  City,  Va.,  Oct.  13,  1869;  Lafayette  Coll. 
93,  U.S.  97  (Hastings-on-Hudson,  97-1900),  Breakabin  1901-1903. 
Also  North  Blenheim,  1901-03;  Walpack,  Lower,  Bushkill,  S.S.,  1904- 
05.     Dis.  to  Pres.  Ch.  1907. 

Beardslee,  J.  W..  b.  Ohio,  Nov.  23,  1837;  R.C.  60,  N.B.S.  63,  1.  CI.  N.B.; 
Rosendale,  63,  Constantine  and  Mottville,  63-4,  Constantine,  63-84,  also 
S.S.  at  Porter,  64-70,  West  Troy,  84-7,  Prof.  Bib.  Langs,  and  Lit.  in 
Western  Theolog.  Sem.  1888-1917.  Emeritus  1917.  Acting  Lector 
in  the  Exegesis  of  the  English  Bible.  N.B.S.  1917-21  ;  d.  March  31.  • 
Dr.  Beardslee  was  led  into  the  ministry  through  the  influence  of  Rev. 


246  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

James  LeFevre,  D.D.  and  Rev.  John  B.  Thompson  D.D.  He  became  one 
of  the  most  eminent  and  useful  ministers  of  the  Denomination.  As  a  pas- 
tor his  work  was  of  marked  spiritual  success,  the  creative  work  he  did 
for  the  Western  Theological  Seminary  will  remain  for  many  years.  He 
was  also  a  liberal  giver  to  the  Kingdom  of  God.  In  taste  he  was  a  student, 
in  disposition  gentle  and  in  spirit  Christ-like.  D.D.  Rutgers  1884;  LL.D. 
Rutgers  1907.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1921,  639.^ 

Publications:  "Address  on  President  Garfield,"  1881.  "Fun.  Ser.  of 
Rev.  Dr.  O.  H.  Gregory,"  1885.  "The  Bible  Among  the  Nations."  "Ad- 
dress Before  Society  of  Inquiry,  N.B.S.,"  1880.  "The  Two  Advents  Con- 
trasted:  in  Four  Sermons."  "Twenty  Years  with  Refd.  Ch.  of  Constan- 
tine,  Mich.,"  1884.  "The  Foes  of  the  Family,"  1883.  "The  Lord  is  my 
Banner."  "Numerous  Sermons  and  Addresses,"  and  pamphlets.  Out- 
line of  Introduction  to  O.T.  1903.  Five  Manuals  for  Class-room  work. 
Beardslee,  John  W.,  Jr.  (son  of  J.  W.  Beardslee)  b.  Constantine,  Mich.,  July 
II,  1879.  H.C.  1897,  W.T.S.  1903;  1.  by  CI.  Michigan,  1902.  Ord.  by 
CI.  Mich.,  1910.    Instructor  and  Professor  in  H.C.  1902-13.     Prof.  N.T., 

W.T.S.  1913-17.     Prof,  of  Greek  and  N.T.  Exegesis  N.B.S.  1917 . 

Ph.D.  by  Univ.  Chicago  1913;    D.D.  by  H.C.  1913. 
Beardslee,   Wm.   Armitage,   b.   Constantine,   Mich.,   Ap.   6,    1867;     H.C.   and 

R.C.  88,  N.B.S.  91,  1.  CI Assist.  Yonkers,  ist,  91-2,  Park  Hill, 

Yonkers,  92-5  (Presbyt,  Saranac,  N.  Y.,  95-97)  ;   d.  Oct.  19.    See  Man- 
ual, 1902. 
Publications:    "Constitution  of   the  Hist.   Soc.  of   N.B.S.,  with   Paper 
on  Object  and  Plan  of  a»  Museum  of  Christian  History,"  1889. 
Beattie,  Jas.,  U.C.  1834,  Fordham,  54-6. 

Beattie,  Jas.  Anderson,  b.  Westerkirk,  Caugholms,   Scotland,    1861 ;    Glas- 
gow Univer.  85,  P.S.  89,  1.  Presbyt.  of  New  Brunswick;  ord.  by  London 
Presbyt.  Ontario,  89   (Kempo  and   S.  Delaware,  Ont.,  89-90,   Presh. ) 
Pekin,  111.,   ist,  90-2,  Trinity,  Amsterdam,  N.  Y.,  92-4,  Chittoor,  India 
1894-1915;    drowned  at  the  sinking  of  the  S.S.  L'lsitania,  May  7,  1915 
"A  faithful  missionary  of  Jesus  Christ."     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1915,  610 
Beattie,  John,  b.  at  Salem,  N.  Y.,  1784;    U.C.  1806,  studied  under  Proudfit 
1.   CI.   N.Y.    1808;    Miss,   in   West,   N.   Y.  and   Canada,    1809-10,   New 
Utrecht,  1809-34,  Buffalo   (S.S.),   1838-42,  pastor,   1842-4,  d.   1864,  Jan. 
22. 
He  was  born  of  Scottish  parents  and  brought  up  among  the  Scotch  Pres- 
byterians  in    Washington    Co.,    N.   Y.      When   on   his    missionary   tours    in 
Canada  he  kept  a  minute  journal  of  his  daily  life.    On  May  14,  1810,  he  left 
his  L.  I.  home  for  one  of  these  tours,  and  was  gone  five  months.     He  was  a 
week   in   making   his   voyage   to   Albany   by   sloop,   and   during   this   period 
thus   writes :     "Under   this   adverse   providence,   during   these   four   days,    I 
have  had   come   gloomy   reflections — a   long   journey   before   me — an   entire 
stranger  in  the  land  to  which  I  am  sent — a  wilderness  to  pass  through  be- 
fore I   reach  missionary  ground — my  horse  in  the   meantime  oppressed  by 
standing  still  on  board,  and  starving  for  want  of  provisions.     These  con- 
siderations  combined   depressed   my   spirits,   and   rendered   these   four   days 
gloomy.     But  I  still  enjoyed  one  consolation,  I  trusted  that  God,  who  called 
me  to   the  mission   work,  would   conduct   me  safely  through."     While  be- 
calmed  opposite   Coeymans   on  a   Sunday,   he   and   a   couple   of   passengers 
took  the  boat  and  went  ashore,  and  walked  back  to  the  church.     Domine 
Westervelt  was  absent  at  Bethlehem,  his  other  charge.     Beattie  obtained  a 
horse  and  rode  over  to  hear  him,  but  arrived  in  time  only  to  hear  the  appli- 
cation.    After  recess  Beattie  preached,  and  got  back  to  the  river  in  time  to 
see   the   sloop   sailing   away.     However,   he   made   himself   heard,   and   was 
taken  on  board.     He  gives  a  vivid  description  of   the   bad   roads   between 
Albany   and   Lake   Ontario,   and   of   the   equally   bad   lodgings — "the   worst 
roads  that  it  is  possible  for  the  human  mind  to  form  any  conception  of;" 
"horrid  bridges;"  but  the  mosquitoes  "were  the  occasion  of  more  misery  to 


THE   MINISTRY       -  247 

me  than  all  the  rest  of  my  difficulties  combined;"  and  then  his  lodgings, 
"an  old  weather-worn  log  house  covered  with  bark — a  dismal  inn  to  the 
weary  traveler."  His  bed  was  the  floor,  but  he  could  not  sleep.  "I  was 
under  the  necessity  of  maintaining  an  arduous  contest  with  an  innumerable 
multitude  of  little  nocturnal  beasts  which  inhabited  the  place."  The  next 
day  he  "rode  twenty  miles  to  breakfast  under  a  mosquito  escort,"  and  at 
length  came  in  sight  of  his  missionary  field.  But  the  roads  were  still  worse 
in  Canada.  His  horse  lost  a  shoe,  and  became  very  lame.  "The  morals  of 
the  people  are  said  to  be  very  much  corrupted,  and  there  is  little  or  no 
religion  in  the  place." — Kingston. 

Beattie,  Robt.  H.,  b.  St.  Andrews,  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  26,  1815;    U.C. 
34;   stud,  theol.  with  Dr.  Wylie  in  Philadelphia;    lie.  1835  (supplied  Mil- 
ton, Pa.,  35-6;   Walden,  N.  Y.,  39-42;    Refd.  Presbyt.  W.  Milton,  N.  Y., 
42-54;    Presb.,  Bethlehem,  Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.,  54-66  supply.  New  Wind- 
sor, 67-70;    Milford,  Pa.,  70-2)  ;    Bloomingburgh,  N.  Y.,  72-84;    New 
Hurley,  1884,  d. 
Beattie,    Robt.    Hezekiah    (s.    of    R.    H.    Beattie,    above),    b.    Bethlehem, 
Orange  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  10,  1864;    C.N.J.  85,  P.S.  91,  1.  Presbyt.  Hud- 
son, 1891 ;    ord.  CI.  Orange,  91;    teacher,  Prot.Coll.  Beirut,  Syria,  85-9, 
Latin  tutor,  C.N. J.,  90-1;    Newburg  (R.C.A.),  1891-1902.    Presbyterian. 
PuBLic.Mioxs  :    Articles  in  "The  Interior,"  "The  Christian  Work,"  "The 
S.S.  Times,"  "The  Christian  Intelligencer,"  "The  Biblical  World,"  etc. 
Beaver,  Jos.  Perry,  b.  Tylersport,  Pa.,  Mar.  i,  1858;    Ursinus  Coll.  80,  Aub. 
Sem.  83;    lie.  Presbyt.  Cayuga  (Presbyt.  83-9)  ;    Nassau,  89-98,  Buffalo, 
98-1901,  S.S.  New  Concord,  1901-06;    Stuyvesant,  1907-08;    Coeymans, 

1909-16;    S.S.  New  Concord,  1919 

Bechger,  A.  V.  W.,  Holland  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C,  1895 ;    in  the  Netherlands,  1896, 

in  London,  Eng.,  1897 .     Removed  from  roll,  1905. 

Bechthold,  Arend  Hendrick,  b.  at  Amsterdam,  Holland,  1822;  arrived 
at  Boston,  Mass.,  Aug.  7,  59;  lie.  by  North  Suffolk  Assoc,  Mass.,  Dec. 
16,  62;  ord.  by  same,  Feb.  11,  63;  Miss,  among  the  Hollanders  in  Bos- 
ton Highlands  (Roxbury),  59-66;  Paterson,  N.  J.  (True  Dutch  Ch.), 
2d  HolL,  May  14,  66-7,  July;  Boston,  Lenox  St.  Chapel,  Jan.  19,  68-70, 
New  York  City  (Holl.  Ch.),  70-84;  d.  Nov.  15. 
Mr.  Bechthold  had  been  superintendent  during  1857-8  of  the  farm  school 
named  "Surinaamsche  Mettray,"  in  Surinam,  W.  I.  (This  is  a  kind  of 
orphan  asylum.)  He  afterward  determined  to  become  a  missionary  in 
South  Africa  in  connection  with  a  brother-in-law  there.  But  arriving  in 
Boston,  sickness  and  death  in  his  household,  together  with  the  lateness  of 
the  season,  compelled  him  to  wait  till  the  following  spring.  Upon  inquiry 
whether  there  were  any  Hollanders  in  Boston,  he  learned  from  Rev.  Dr. 
Anderson,  of  the  Warren  Street  Baptist  Church,  that  there  was  a  colony 
of  Hollanders  in  Roxbury.  These  were  sought  out  and  religious  services 
were  begun  on  Oct.  2T,  1859,  which  led  to  an  earnest  awakening  among 
them,  and  the  establishment  of  a  Dutch  church.  Abner  Kingman,  a  wealthy 
merchant,  supported  Mr.  Bechthold,  who  labored  both  among  the  Dutch 
and  Germans.  This  mission  was  under  the  care  of  the  Springfield  Street 
Congregational  Church.  Two  years  after  (1861)  a  house  of  worship  was 
built,  since  converted  into  a  dwelling.  Subsequently  the  firm  of  Sewall,  Day 
&  Co.  built  a  large  hall  for  these  Hollanders  on  the  corner  of  Ruggles 
and  Parker  streets.  Rev.  G.  Vandekreeke,  a  graduate  of  Hope  College, 
subsequently  labored  among  them.  On  Feb.  20,  1873,  a  Dutch  church  was 
organized,  under  the  name  of  the  "Holland  Congregational  Church  of  Bos- 
ton Highlands."  Mr.  Bechthold  subsequently  did  a  great  work  for  fourteen 
years  among  the  Hollanders  in  New  York  City.  It  was  no  light  task  to 
concentrate  them  from  New  York  and  suburbs,  and  maintain  a  church 
organization  among  them.  But  this  was  but  a  small  part  of  his  work.  For 
many  years  he  met  the  immigrants  of  every  incoming  Dutch  steamer  at 
Castle   Garden,  and  spoke  words  of  welcome  to  them.     In  that  place  he 


248  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

preached  the  Gospel  to  many  thousands.  He  aided  them  in  exchanging  their 
money  and  tickets,  and  in  forwarding  them  to  their  destination.  Many  who 
were  in  destitution  were  helped ;  the  sick  were  cared  for,  and  he  wrote  let- 
ters of  information  to  their  friends  in  Holland.  He  was  a  true  helper  of 
his  people. 

Beck,  T.  Romeyn,  R.C.  1849;    acting  Prof.  Latin  in  R.C.  59-60,  N.B.S.  62, 
1.  CI.  N.B.  62;    Chap.  13th  Reg.  N.J.V.  62-3,  Prof,  of  Latin  and  Greek, 
Holland  Acad.,  63-5,  Prof,  of  Latin  and  Greek  in  Hope  College,  1865- 
85,  also   Lector   in   Biblical   Criticism  and   Theology   in   Hope   College, 
67-85,   Prof,  in  Dr.  Gamble's  Institution  at  Lytton  Springs,  Cal.,  85-8, 
Prof,  in  a  Gov.  College,  Yamaguchi,  Japan,  88-94 ;   died  in  Cal.,  May  22, 
1896,  D.D.  by  R.C.  1879- 
He   was  a  worthy   scion  of   distinguished   stock,  named  after   his   great- 
grandfather.  Rev.   Dr.   Theodorick    (or  Dirck)    Romeyn.     For  many  years 
his  father.  Dr.  Lewis  C.  Beck,  was  a  Professor  in  Rutgers  College.     Mr.  T. 
R.  Beck  studied  law,  and  practiced  in  Chicago   (1852-8),  when  he  resolved 
to  study  theology.     He  was  soon  called  to  the  then  nascent  Hope  College, 
where  his  chief  life  work  was  done.     For  this  position  he  was  fitted  in  a 
peculiar   degree.     Moreover,   he   did   not  neglect   ministerial   duties.      Hope 
Church   had   only    recently   been   organized   at    Holland,    Mich.,    and   in   its 
weak  condition  he  gave  his  services  as  a  Ruling  Elder,  also  preaching  with 
great   acceptance   as   often    as   necessity   required.      When    the    Theological 
Department   was   created   in    Hope    College,    the    General    Synod   appointed 
him  Lector  in  Biblical  Criticism  and  Philology,  in  which  capacity  he  served 
for  eight  years.     He  wai  an  earnest  and  enthusiastic  student.     In   1885  he 
sought  a  more  southern  residence  for  the  benefit  of  his  health,  and  continued 
his  excellent  didactic  labors  for  three  years  in  Dr.  Gamble's  Institution  at 
Lytton  Springs,  Cal.     He  then  went  to  Japan,  and  for  six  years  taught  with 
great  success  in  a  government  college  at  Yamaguchi.     At  the  same  time  he 
taught  a   Bible  class,   out  of   the   scholastic   hours.     See   "Biog.    Notice   of 
Grads.  of  R.C,"  1897,  15. 

Publications:    "Baccalaureate  Sermon  at  Hope  College,"  1883. 
Becker,  Carl.     North  Bergen  and  Hackensack,  3d,  1857-60,  Naumberg  and 

New  Bremen,  1860-70. 
Becker,  John  Chas.  August,  b.  Jan.  21,  1866.     Classical  Academy,  Hoboken, 
N.  J.;    Bloomfield  Sem.   1893;    1.  by  Pres.  of  Newark,   1893.      (Pres. 

Morningside,  N.Y.C.,  1894-1908)  ;    Clifton,  N.  J.,  1908 

Beckering,   Wm.,   b.   Rosario,   S.   Africa,   Oct.  6,    1871 ;     H.C.   and   McA.C. 

W.S.   1904;    1.  by  CI.  Iowa;    Greenleafton,   Minn.,   1904-07;    Oostburg, 

Wis.,  1 907- II  ;    Bella  3d,  1911-15,  d.  Oct.  11.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1916,  934. 

Beckes,   Oscar   E.      LeMors   Col.   'C2.      Rec'd   from   Pres.    1912;     Mohawk, 

1912-17,  Pres.  1917. 
Bedford,   Charles  Van  Wyck,  b.   Glenham,   N.   Y.,  Mar.   14,   1871  ;    N.B.S. 
97;    lie.   CI.   Montgomery;    Ghent,   2d,    1897-1902.     Johnstown    1902-09. 
Currytown    (S.S.)    1909-12  and    (S.S.)    Sprakers,    1909-11.      Hagaman 
1912-18.     Presbyterian,  Cal.,  1918. 
Beckman,  Abram  J.,  b.  South  Branch,  N.  J.,  Oct.  21,  1838;    C.N.J.,  U.T.S. 
70-72,   73-4;    ord.    CI.   Illinois,   Nov.   4,   74;     Norris,    111.,   74-75;     S.S. 
Shokan  and  Shandaken,  N.  Y.,  76-82;    (Matawan,  N.  J.,  82-84)  ;  South 
Branch,  85-87;    (Allentown,  N.  J.,  88-92),  d.  Ap.  4.     See  Manual,  1902. 
Beekman,  Jacob  T.  B.,  b.  Ap.  11,  1801,  U.C.  1822,  N.B.S.  1825,  1.  CI.  Phila- 
delphia, 1825;    Middletown,  N.  J.,   1825-36,  w.  c.  1836-47,  Presb.     Died 
1875,  Ap.  25. 
Beekman,  John   Stotthoff,  b.   Middlebush.   N.  J.,  Oct.   19,   1833;   C.N.J.  57; 
U.T.S.  57-8;    P.T.S.  58-60;   (serving  Presbyt.  chs.  63-70),  S.S.,  Somer- 
set, Kan.,  70-2  (Presbyt.  74-88;    Episcopalian).     For  details  see  Prince- 
ton Sem.  Gen.  Cat. 
Beekman,    Peter    Stryker,    b.    Millstone,    N.    J.,    July    19,    1861  ;     R.C.    84, 
N.B.S.   87,   I.   CI.   N.B.;     Glenham,   N.   Y.,   87-93,   Currytown,   93-1901, 


THE   MINISTRY  249 

Flatbush  (Ulster  Co.),  N.  Y.,  1901-09.  Johnstown,  N.  Y.,  1909-20; 
d.  Aug.  24,  1920.  Sec.  Ministerial  Ass.  Mont.  CI.  and  Sec.  Johnstown 
Ministerial  Ass.  Publication — Centennial  Hist.  Ref.  Ch.  of  Flatbush, 
Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1907.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1921,  630. 

Beekman,  Theodore  Amerman,  b.  South  Branch,  N.  J.,  Nov.  18,  1856; 
R.C.  82,  N.B.S.  85,  1.  CI.  Raritan;  Columbia,  85-7,  S.S.  at  Preakness, 
87-9,  Central  Bridge  and  Howe's  Cave,  89-93,  Jerusalem,  N.  Y.,  and 
S.S.  at  Union,  1893-1902;  Red  Bank,  N.  J.,  1902-09;  Rosendale,  1909- 
15;    Krumsville  and  Lyonsville,  1915-19;    Clover  Hill,  1919 

Beidler,  Fred.  P.,  b.  Reading,  Pa..  Oct.  28,  1824;  Dickinson  Coll.  2  yrs. ; 
Marshall  Coll.  46,  Mercersburg  Sem.  49,  lie.  by  CI.  Lebanon,  G.R.C. 
49;  ord.  CI.  Miami,  G.R.C.  51;  (laboring  among  North  Carolina  Ger- 
mans, 49-52;  at  Pleasant  Hills,  Mo.,  teaching  and  supplying  Presbyt. 
Ch.  52-3,  supplying  White  Pigeon  Ch.  (Presbyt.)  Mich.,  53)  ;  South 
Bend,  Ind.,  53-4,  teacher  in  Holland  Academy,  54-5,  Miss.  Holland, 
Wis.,  55,  Ridgeway,  55-6,  Macon,  56-7,  w.  c. ;  d.  1904,  Nov.  20.  Min. 
Gen.  Syn.,   1906,  597. 

Bell,  Goodloe  Bowman,  b.  Reading,  Pa.,  June  14,  1832;  Y.C.  52,  U.S.  59; 
Wawarsing,  1874-81.     For  other  details  see  Gen.  Cat.  U.S.     Died  1894. 

Bellengcr,    Henry,    b.    1789;      Secession    Church,    1827-9,    Independent,    at 
Sharon,  Wynant's,  and  Rooster's  Kill,  1829-1877,  d. 
Publications:    "A  Voliiinc  of  Scniwns,"  copy  in  Sage  Library. 

Bellenger,  J.  W.    N.B.S.  1844-5,  d. 

Beltman.  Henry,  b.  1894;  H.C.  1916;  P.T.S.  1919;  1.  by  CI.  East  Sioux 
1919.     Missionary  in   China,  Amoy  Missions,    1920 

Bender,  August  Ferdinand,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  7,  1874;  Coll.  Dept. 
Th.  School,  Bloomfield,  N.  J.,  93,  Theolog.  Dept.  96,  1.  Presb.  Newark; 
Newtown,  2d,  L.  I.  (Ger.),  96-1901,  (Steubenville,  O.,  1901-1905.  Ref. 
Ch.  U.S.,  1907).  Hudson  City,  2d,  March-Oct.,  1913;  German  Ref. 
Ch. ;    Hudson  City,  2d,   1914 

Benedict,  Wm.  A.,  Gilboa,  1856-7. 

Benes,  L.  H.,  b.  Neth.,  May  26,  1865.  McCormick  Sem.  1904.  Macalester 
Col.  1910.  1.  by  Pres.  Milwaukee  1904.  (Pres.  Milwaukee  1904-08, 
Waupun,  Wis.,  1908-16).     Grand  View,  Armour,  S.  D.,  1916 . 

Benjamin,  Chs.  Frederic,  b.  Beekman,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  21,  1872;  R.C.  1898, 
N.B.S.  1901,  1.  CI.  Pokeepsie;    Alexandria  Bay,  1902-1922. 

Bennett,  Asa,  b.  1790;  N.B.S.  1824,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1824;  Schodack,  1824-8, 
Ovid.  1828-38,  Constantine,  1844-5,  d.  1858,  Jan.  16.  Sketch  in  "Ch. 
Int.,"  Feb.  4,  1858. 

Bennett.  G.  H.,  b.  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  July  8.  1878.  R.C.  1902.  N.B.S. 
1903-4.  Colgate  Divinity  Sch.  1907.  Baptist  1907-08;  Episcopalian 
1908— — 

Bcnni-tt,  Jacques.     U.C.   1839.     N.B.S.   1840-2.     d.  1842. 

Bennett.  Walter  Leopold,  b.  Port  Hope,  Ontario,  Canada.  Queen's  Univ. 
IQ03,  P.T.S.  1906.  1.  by  Presbytery  of  West  Jersey.  (Pres.  Jamesville, 
N.  Y.,  1906-08;  Bradford,  Pa.,  1908-10;  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  1910-14; 
Canastota,  1914-17;  Norwich,  N.  Y.,  1917-18;  Board  of  Evangelism, 
Pres.   Ch.   of   Canada,    1918-19).      S.S.    Syracuse,   N.    Y.,    ist,    1920-21; 

pastor  1921 

Publication  :    "Diamond-Diggers  and  their  Mine."  1921. 

Bennink,  John  Everett,  b.  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  Feb.  27,  1886.  Kal.  and  H.C. 
1912.     W.T.S.    1915.     1.  by  CI.   Mich.     Chicago,   Emmanuel,    1915-17; 

Abbe,  Clymer,  N.  Y.,  1917-22;    Catskill,  N.  Y.,  1922 .     S.C.  CI.  111., 

1917. 

Benson,  Aaron  Wm.,  b.  Cobleskill,  N.  Y.,  1843;  R.C.  71,  N.B.S.  74,  1.  CI. 
Schoharie;  ord.  by  Presb.  of  Hamilton,  Ontario,  Nov.  28,  74;  (West 
Flambora,  Canada,  74-6,  Rockford,  Delano,  Maple  Plain,  Long  Lake, 
Minn.,  1877,  Minneapolis,  5th  Presb.  Ch.,  78-9,  White  Bear  Lake,  Pine 
City,  80-2,   Eden   Prairie,  84-5,  Yarkie,   Mo.,  87-8,   Rush  City,   Minn., 


250  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

88-90,  Elim  and  Bethany  chs.,  Minneapolis,  91-3,  North  St.  Paul,  Minn., 
1896-97.     Also  engaged  in  journalism  on  "The  Western  Presbyterian," 
M  inneapolis.     Retired ) . 
Benson,   Clarence  H.     Rec'd  from   Pres.    1908.     Lawyersville  and   Howe's 
Cave,  1st,  1908-10.    Bufifalo,  1911-16.     (Presbyterian.    Foreign  Mission- 
ary). 
Bentley,  E.  W.,  b.  1826,  Y.C.  1850,  East  Windsor  Theolog.  Inst.  1854,  lie.  by 
Hartford  4th  Assoc.  1854;   Ellenville,  1854-80,  w.  c.    Died  x886,  Oct.  23. 
Se  Manual,  1902. 
Publications  :    "Hist.  CI.  of  Orange,"  8vo,  pp.  80,  1875.     "Several  Ser- 
mons."   Many  articles  in  the  "Ellenville  Journal,"  "Christian  Intelligencer," 
etc. 

Berdan,  John,  lie.  by  Seceders,  1830,  Aquackanonck,  sec.  1830-89,  died. 

Berg,  Herman  Caspar   (s.  of  Jos.  F.  Berg),  b.  Philadelphia,   Pa.,  Oct.  5, 

1845;    R.C.  66,  N.B.S.  69,  lie.  CI.  N.B.;    studied  at  Basel,  Ger.,  69-70, 

evangel,  services,  Mission  House,  Basel,  69-70;    student  at  Tuebingen, 

70-1;     Rocky   Hill,    N.   J.,   72-8,    College    Point,    L.I.,   78-88,    Bedford, 

Brooklyn,  88-95,  Ellenville,  N.  Y.,  1895-1910.    Tillson,  Rosendale  Plains, 

1910-14,  d.   Feb.   16.     For  many  years  he  was  member  of  the   Bd.   of 

Superintendents   and  one  time   its  president.     He   was   member  of   the 

Bd.  of  Publication  and  one  time  its  president.     He  was  a  man  of  ability 

and  wisdom  in  the  service  of  God.     D.D.  L.F.C.  1891.     Min.  Gen.  Syn., 

1914,  236. 

Publications:   Many, sermons  in  "N.  Y.  Tribune"  and  "Brooklyn  Eagle." 

Articles  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  including  a  "Criticism  on  Acts  26  :28." 

Berg.  Irving  H.  (son  of  H.  C.  Berg),  b.  Rocky  Hill,  N.  J.,  March  8,  1878. 

Lafayette  Col.  1901.     Hartford  Sem.   1904.     1.  by  CI.  Saratoga,  1904; 

ord.  by  CI.  of  .Saratoga  1904.     West  Troy,  1904-06;    Catskill,  1906-12; 

(Cong.,    Hartford,    Conn.,    1912-17)  ;     Fort   Washington    Col,    N.Y.C., 

1917 .     Chaplain   ist   Conn.   Inf    1914-17.     Trustee   Hartford   Sem. 

Foundation    1912 .      Bd.    D.M.    R.C. A.    1906-12.      Chairman    Liberty 

Loan  Com.  of  Ref.  Ch.  in  N.  Y.  1917.    D.D.  by  Laf.  Col.  1916. 
Publications  :    Articles  in  press,  sermons,  etc. 
Berg,  Jos.  Fred.  (s.  of  Rev.  Christian  Fred.  Berg,  of  Denmark,  and  Hannah 
Tempest,   his  wife,  of    England,    Moravian   missionaries),   b.   at   Grace 
Hill,  Antigua,  W.I.,  June  3,  1812;    educated  in  Moravian  institutions  at 
Fulnic,  England,  1816-25;    c.  to  U.  S.  1825,  and  placed  in  the  Moravian 
School  at  Nazareth.  Pa.     Teacher  of  Chemistry,  Nazareth,  1829,  while 
pursuing  theological   studies.     Lie.    1831,   ord.   and   installed,   Ger.   Ref. 
Ch.    Harrisburg,    Oct.   2,    1835-7,    Philadelphia    (Race    Street),    G.R.C., 
1837-52,  Philadelphia,  2d,  R.D.C.,   1852-61,   Prof,  of  Didactic  and  Pol- 
emic Theology,  New  Brunswick  Sem.   1861-71,  d.  July  20.     Also  Prof. 
Logic,    Rutgers    College    1861-4;     Prof.    Evidences    of    Christianity    in 
Rutgers  College,  1861-7.    D.D.    M.D.  Jefferson  Medical  College.    Trus- 
tee R.C.  1860-4. 
He  was  gifted  with  a  vigorous  mind,  which  was  enriched  and  disciplined 
by  careful  culture  and  study.     His  acquirements  embraced  not  only  a  knowl- 
edge of  the  classics  and  several  modern  languages,  but  in  almost  every  de- 
partment of  literature  and  science  there  were  few  subjects  which  he  had  not 
diligently  explored.     His  power  of  acquisition  was  really  encyclopaedic,  and 
he  had  the  rare  faculty  of  using,  to  advantage,  when  occasion  required,  his 
copious  stores  of  knowledge. 

He  was  a  solid  preacher  and  especially  eminent  in  controversy. 
For  a  fuller  sketch  of  him  and  for  a  list  of  his  numerous  publications,  see 
Manual,  1902,  Centennial  N.B.S.  453. 

Berg,  Joseph  Frederic  (son  of  Herman  Berg),  b.  at  Tubingen,  Ger.,  July 
28,  1871 ;  R.C.  92,  N.B.S.  95,  1.  S.  CI.  L.  I.;  Montgomery,  N.  Y.,  1895- 
1902,  Port  Richmond,  S.  I.,  1902-1911.  Lector  Biblical  Theo.  and  Sac- 
red Hist.     N.B.S.  1904-17;    Prof.  Hellenistic  Gk.  and  N.T.    Exegesis 


THE    MINISTRY  25 1 

N.B.S.   1911-17.     Flatbush,   L.   I.,   1st,   1917 .     President  Gen.   Svn. 

1919.     Ph.D.  C.U.  1896.     D.D.,  R.C  1908. 
Publications:    "Influence  of   the   LXX  on  the   Peshito   PsaUer,"    1895. 
"A    Dissertation    Submitted    for   the    Ph.D.    in   the    University    Faculty   of 
Philosophy,  Columbia  College."     "Sermons." 

Bergen,  John  H.   (colored),  N.B.S.  1879,  lie.  by  CI.  N.B.  79;    ordained  by 
same,  80,  as  a  missionary  colporteur;    labored  at  Columbus,  Ga.,  80-3, 
when  he  joined  the  Southern   Presbyt.  Ch.     Although  he  was  an  Afri- 
can and  was  blind,  yet  by  simply   having  his   lectures   read  to  him  he 
passed  through  the  seminary  in  a  creditable  manner,     d.  Dec.   13,  1893. 
Bergen,  John  Tallmadge,  b.  on   Bergen  Island,  Flatlands,   N.   Y.,   Sept.  21, 
i860;    R.C.  1883,  U.T.S.  86,  lie.  by  S.  CI.  L.  I.;    S.S.  at  Steinway,  L.  I., 
84-86;  ord.  by  CI.  Ulster,  86;    Shokan  and  Shandaken,  86-89,  Hope  Ch. 
Holland,  Mich.,  89-92,  Brooklyn,  South,  92-95,  Robert  Schell,  Professor 
of   Ethics   and   Evidences   of   Christianity   in   Hope   College,    1895-1906. 
Supplied    Hope    Church,    1900-1 ;     pastor    1904-06.      (Pres.     President 
Albert  Lee  C.     1912-13.     ist  Pres.  Church,  Minneapolis).     D.D.  R.C, 
^903- 
Publications  :    "Evidences  of  Christianity."     Contribution  to  the  press. 
Bergen,  Tunis  G.,  b.  Brooklyn,  1849.     R.C.  67.     N.B.S.  67-9.     Lawyer. 
Berger,   Arthur   LeGrand,   b.    Sharon,   N.   Y.,   Dec.   9,    1881.      N.B.S.    1907. 
1.  by  CI.  Schoharie  1907.    New  Hurley,  1907-10;    Post  Graduate,  N.Y.U. 
1910-11.     CI.   Missionary  CI.   Saratoga   1911-1917.      (Presbyterian   1917. 
S.S.  Northumberland,  1918). 
Berger,  Martin  Luther,  b.  Mellenville,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  12,  1839;  Wms.  Coll.  59, 
U.T.S.  59-62;    ord.  CI.  New  Brunswick,  June  10,  63;    East  Millstone, 
N.  J.,  63-5,  Fishkill,  N.  Y.,  65-8,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  68-75;    San  Fran- 
cisco,  Cal.    (Presb.),   75-80,    S.S.   Hillsdale,   N.   Y.,   81-3,    Sec.   McAU 
Mission  in  France,  83-6,  Prof.  Theol.  in  Straight  Univ.,  New  Orleans, 
La.,  87-9;    Cleveland,  O.   (Cong.),  91-5,  traveling  in  Europe,  U.  S.,  and 
the  East,  1895.     D.D.  by"  Straight  University,  1887.     Died  Feb.  6,  1906. 
Bergmans,  Jacob  C,  b.   Province  of   Friesland,  Neths.,  June  4,   1861 ;    Al- 
b.'on  Coll.,  Mich.;    Yale  Div.   School,  91.  lie.  by  Western   N.  Y.  Asso. 
(Cong.);    Perry,  N.  Y.   (Cong.),  92-4,  New  York  Mills,  95-1901,  Gil- 
boa,   1501-1932.     S.S.   South  Gilboa,   1902.     d.  Oct.  2.     See  Min.  Gen. 
Syn.,  1903,  513. 
Berkcnmeyer.  W'm.  (S.S.)     Stone  Arabia,  1733-43.    (Lutheran).    See  Dailey 

Hist.,  Mont.  CI.,  89. 
Berkhardt,  Andrew.    Linden,  N.  J.,  1921. 

Bernart,   Jas.    Elmendorf,  b.   at   Millstone,    N.   J.,   March    15,    1821;     R.C. 
1848,    N.B.S.    1851,    1.    CI.    Phila.,    1851 ;     S.S.    Upper    Neversink,   and 
Brown   Settlement,   1851-4,   Upper   Neversink,    1854-6,   Miss,   at   Board- 
ville,  1856-77,  pastor  1877-81,  w.  c.    d.  1903,  Sept.  25.     Min.  Gen.  Syn., 
1904,  829. 
Berry,  James   Romeyn    (grandson  of   Jas.   V.   C.   Romeyn),   b.  at   Hacken- 
sack,  N.  J.,  March  8,  1827;    R.C.  47,  N.B.S.  50,  1.  CI.  Bergen;    Piermont, 
N.   Y.,  50-2,   Syracuse,   52-7,  Kinderhook.   57-63,  Jersey  City,  3d,   63-8, 
Fishkill-on-Hud.son,  69-70,   (Montclair,  N.  J.     (Presb.),  70-87),  Rhine- 
beck,   87-91,  d.   June   5.     D.D.  by   R.C.    1867.     President  of   Gen.   Syn. 
1 890. 
He  was   characterized   by   exceptional   excellence.      Of   commanding   per- 
sonal presence,  he  attracted  the  attention  of  all  who  met  him.     But  his  qual- 
ities  of   mind   and   heart   were  even   more   conspicuous   and   challenged   the 
confidence   and   regard   of   those   who   knew   him   well.      Both   heredity  and 
environment   exerted   a    favorable   influence   upon   his   early    life.      He   was 
trained  to  be  a  student  and  a  Christian ;  and  the  effect  of  this  training  was 
manifest  through  his  entire  career.     In  youthful  years  he  developed  noble 
qualities,  and  to  the  close  of  life  illustrated  the  virtues  of  a  matured  man- 
hood. 


252  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Because  of  his  ability  and  character  he  was  conspicuously  successful  as. 
a  pastor,  preacher  and  in  the  councils  of  the  church.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications  :    A  number  of  sermons — One  on  death  of  President  Van 
Buren,  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  July  31,   1862.     "Silence  and  Mvstery,"  on  death  of 
President  Garfield,  1881.     "The  Word  of  Life  is  Near,"  1881. 
Berry,   Philip    (grandson   of   Jas.   V.   C.   Romeyn,   and   brother   of   Jas.    R. 
Berry),  b.  Hackensack,  N.  J.,  Feb.   16,   1837;    R.C.  57,  U.T.S.  57-58, 
N.B.S.  58-60,  1.  CI.  Bergen;    ord.  by  CI.  Mich.;    Grand  Rapids.  Mich., 
60-61,  Scotia,  N.  Y.,  61,63;    Sidon,   Syria    (Am.  Bd.),  63-65;    Athens, 
Pa.,  65-72 ;    became  a  Baptist,  Sutton,  Mass.,  72-75,  Belchertown,  Mass., 
75-77,  Three  Rivers  and  Palmer,  Mass.,  77-78,  ed.  of  the  "Nat.  Baptist," 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  78-83,  Southampton,  Pa.,  83-88;    died  Aug.  23,  1889. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Bertholf,  Guiliam   (William),  b.  in  Sluis,  Holland,  and  baptized  there  Feb. 
20,  1656;    lie.  and  ord.  by  the  CI.  of  Middleburg,  Sept.  16,  1693;    Hack- 
ensack and  Acquackanonck   (now  Passaic),  N.  J.,   1694- 1724;    supplied, 
also,    occasionally,    the    churches    on    the    Raritan,    Ponds,     Pompton 
(Plains),  Schraalenberg,  Tappan,  Tarrytown,  Belleville,  Staten  Island, 
etc.,  1694-1724.     Died  about  1726. 
He  was  the  pioneer  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  New  Jersey.     For  a  gen- 
eration he  exercised  a  truly  apostolic  ministry  among  scattered  wilderness 
communities  of  that  colony.     He  was  a  great  lover  of  his  Lord  and  deeply 
consecrated  to  his  service.     His  evangelistic  spirit  was  not  appreciated  by 
some  of  his  ministerial  contemporaries,  who  asserted  that  he  was  a  Labadist. 
For  a  sketch  with  references,  see  Manual,  1902. 

Bertholf,  James  Henry,  b.  at  Fredonia,  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  15, 
1840;  R.C.  64,  N.B.S.  67;  Unionville  and  Greenburgh,  N.  Y.,  67-70, 
New  York  City  (De  Witt  Chapel,  Collegiate  Church),  70-83,  Nassau, 
N.  Y.,  83-8,  Marlboro,  N.  J.,  88-1892,  w.  c.  d.  Dec.  11,  1904.  Min.  Gen. 
Syn.,  1905,  273. 
Beseigel,  W.  E.,  b.  Utica,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  15,  1887.  Moravian  Col.  1909,  Mor- 
avian Sem.  191 1 ;  ord.  by  Elders'  Conference  of  Moravian  Ch.  (Mor- 
avian, Nicaragua,   1911-12.     Winston,   N.  C,   1912-16;    Brooklyn,   1916- 

18;    Utica,  1918-19)  ;    Mellenville,  1919 

Bethune,  Geo.  W..  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,   1805;   C.C.  and  B.C.   1823,   P.S.   1826; 
(Miss,  to  colored  people  and  sailors.  Savannah,  Ga.,  1826),  Rhinebeck, 
1827-30,  Utica.  1831-4,  Philadelphia,   ist,   1834-6,  Philadelphia,  3d,  1837- 
49,  Brooklyn  Heights,  1850-9,  New  York,  21st  St.,  1859-62,  d.  Apr.  28,  at 
Florence.  Italy.     He  also  supplied  the  Am.  Chapel,  Rome,  1859-60. 
He  stood  in  the  front  rank  of  ministers  of  the  Gospel.     Originally  en- 
dowed with  a  fine  mind,  and  furnished  with  every  possible  facility  for  cul- 
tivating and  furnishing  it,  he  achieved  a  very  high  degree  of  success  in  the 
pulpit   and   elsewhere.     A   thorough   master   of    English,   of    finished   taste, 
fertile  in  thought,  rich  in  illustration,  skilled  in  dialectics,  familiar  with  the 
stores   of   the   past,   yet   with   a   quick   eye   to   the   present,   a   proficient   in 
belles-lettres,  he  had  almost  every  literary  requisite  for  the  composition  of 
sermons.     When  to  this  it  is  added  that  he  was  sound  in  the  faith  and  had 
his  heart  in  the  work,  that  he  had  a  most  musical  voice,  of  rare  compass 
and  modulation,  it  is  not  wonderful  that  his  reputation  stood  so  high.     He 
was  a  close  and  diligent  student,  and  never  was  ashamed  to  confess  it.     His 
platform  efl:orts  were  always   impromptu,   but   for  the   pulpit   he   felt  con- 
scientiously bound  to  make  careful  and  thorough  preparation. 
For  a  full  sketch  and  list  of  publications,  see  Manual,  1902. 
Betten,  Antonie,  b.  Utrecht,  Neth.,  July  19,  1813;    ord.  at  Noordeloos,  July 
12,  1842;    Noordeloos,  S.  Holland,  Neth.,  42-47;    came  to  U.S.  w.  c. 
d.  Dec.  6,  1900. 
He  was  one  of  the  prime  movers  in  the  great  tide  of  Christian  immigra- 
tion of   Hollanders   to   the   United   States   in   the   middle  of   the  nineteenth 


THE    MINISTRY  253 

•century.     He   was  associated  with   Van    Raalte,   Scholte,   and  others.     He 

-never  took  a  ministerial  charge  in  America,  but  was  continually  engaged  in 

preaching  the  Gospel  in  Pella,  Iowa,  and  surrounding  mission  stations.     See 

also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1901,  p.  1230. 

Betton,  Dirk  Lawrence  (grandson  of  A.  J.  Betten),  b.  Pella,  la.,  Jan.  29, 
1869;  H.C.  90,  Mich.  University  91,  N.B.S.  94;  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Paterson, 
1st  Holland,  94-7,  Brighton,  N.  Y.,  1897-1910.  Marion,  N.  Y.,  1910- 
20.     Florida,  N.  Y.,   1920 . 

Betts,  Wm.  Rowland  Spalding,  b.  Troy,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  2},,  1800;  U.C.  1826, 
P.S.  30,  (Phelps,  N.  Y.,  31-4,  Upper  Freehold,  N.  ].,  37-40,  Mt.  Holly, 
N.  J.,  41-2),  Spottswood,  42-5,  Leeds,  45-50,  Athens,  50-5,  Grahamville, 
55-6,  Shokan  and  Shandaken,  56-61,  (Otisville,  N.  Y.,  62-5,  Presb.; 
Miss,  in  Ocean  Co.,  N.  J.,  66-8.    Died  Sept.  28,  1883. 

Betz,  Wm.  F.,  b.  in  Europe;  a  Miss,  in  India,  of  the  Rhenish  Miss.  Soc, 
1863-75.  May;  Lodi,  N.  J.,  (Hoi.),  1875-8,  went  to  Germany,  and  subse- 
quently to  Holland;    Warnsveld,  Holl.,  1879-81,  d.  June  5. 

Beveridge,  James.     N.B.S.  1827-8.     Associate  Reformed. 

Bevier,  John  H.,  b.  1805,  studied  under  Westbrook,  and  N.B.S.  1831,  1.  CI. 
N.B.  1831  ;  Shawangunk,  1831-43,  Ed.  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  1843- 
52;  Fordham,  1851-3,  Glenham,  1853-60,  Rensselaer,  1860-3,  Rosendale, 
1864-7,  S.S.  New  Concord,  1867-73.  Emeritus,  Ap.  15,  J2>-  Died  Aug. 
14,   1880.     See  "Ch.  Int.,"  Aug.  26,   1880. 

Beyer,  Albert  F.,  b.  Gensungen,  Hessen  Cassel,  Germany,  Nov.  20,  1852; 
College  Dept.  of  Ger.  Theol.  Sch.,  Dubuque,  la.,  76;  Danville  Theol. 
Sem.,  Ky.,  79,  lie.  by  Transylvania  Presbyt.  78 ;  ord.  by  Alton  Presby. 
79;  (Fosterburg,  111.,  Presb.,  79-88)  ;  Silver  Creek,  German  Valley, 
111.,   1889-1905.     Principal   Pleasant   Prairie   Academy,   German   Valley, 

111.,   1905-18.     Teaching  Pleasant  Prairie  Academy,   1918 .     German 

Language  and  Bible  Literature  and  Doctrine.     DD.,  H.C.  1902. 
Publications:     Editor   of    "Der    Mitarbeiter,"    a    German    monthly,    the 

organ  of  the  Classis  of   Pleasant   Prairie,   111.,   1891-1905.     Translated  into 

German  New  Constitution  of  Ref.  Ch. 

Beyer,  Evert  G.,  b.  Jan.  14,  1856,  in  Iowa;  Central  Univer.,  la.,  84,  N.B.S. 
87,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  ord.  by  Presbyt.  of  Dubuque,  88;  (Farley,  la.,  87-9. 
Coggon,  la.,  89-92,  Littleton  and  Otterville,  92-3,  Hazelton,  1894-08. 
Chaplain,  State  Prison,  Anamora,  la.,  1898-1901.  (Pres.  Brighton  and 
Salina,  la.,  1904-10).     (2d  Keokuk,  la.;    Pres.  1919). 

Beys,  Henricus,  b.  at  Dordrecht,  1675;  matriculated  at  Leyden,  Sept.  13, 
1694,  to  study  theology;  matriculated  again  Aug.  2"],  1701  (aged  27)  to 
study  medicine;  ord.  May  4,  1705;  came  to  America  1705;  Kingston, 
1705-8;  returned  to  Holland  (Harlem  and  Fordham,  Episcopalian, 
1710-12)  ;  suspended  by  Classis  of  Amsterdam;  restored  to  Duich  min- 
istry, 1713;  Curacoa,  1714-17. 
Governor  Cornbury  attempted  to  prevent  the  settlement  of  Beys  at  King- 
ston.    His  attitude  led  to  a  violent  dispute,  which  was  one  of   the  causes 

of  Cornbury's  recall.     Beys  became  involved  in  a  scandal  at  Kingston  and 

left  without  permission.     For  account  and  reference,  see  Manual,   1902. 

Bielficld,  H.  Mid.  Col.  '21  ;  And.  Sem.  '25.  From  G.R.C.  1855.  Ger.  Ref., 
Harlem,  1855. 

Bilkert,  Henry  Arjen,  b.  June  24,  1892,  Kalamazoo,  Mich.  H.C.  1914. 
P.S.,  N.B.  and  W.S.   191 7.     1  by  CI.  Michigan.     Missionary  to  Arabia, 

1917 

Publications:    Missionary  articles  for  Church  papers. 

Billingsley,  John  Alvcr,  b.  Sharonville,  O.,  Nov.  15,  1854;  Wavnesburg 
Col.  78;  Y.T.S.  76-7,  U.T.S.  78-80;  ord.  by  Cumb.  Presb.,  Miami,  Aug. 
27,  yy;  city  missionary  of  Ref.  C.  in  A.  in  N.Y.C.,  79-81  (Oxford, 
Miss.  (Cum.  Presb.),  81)  ;  Manor  Chapel  of  South  Refd.  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C, 
82-90  Brooklyn  (Presb.).  1S91. 


254  THE   REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Bingham,  Luther,  b.  at  Cornwell,  Vt.,  June  lo,   1798,  Mid.  Coll.  1821  An;l. 
Sem.  25,   lie.   Essex  Assoc.  Mass.,  25    (Marietta,  O.,  25-37,   Cincinnati, 
37-43.   Williston,    Vt,   43-51,   Journalist,    51-77).      Entered   R.D.C.,   55. 
Colporteur  and  connected  with  Bd.   Pub.     Died   1877. 
He  was  the  author,  for  about  eighteen  years,  of  the  reports  of  the  Fulton 
Street  Prayer-meeting  in  the  "New  York  Observer"  and  "Christian  Intel- 
ligencer."    He  wrote  certain  chapters  in  Prime's  "Power  of  Prayer."     He 
published  "Army  Life,"  "Hospital  Life."  "Living  Words  from  Living  Men," 
"The    High    Mountain   Apart,"   "The    Young   Quartermaster,"    "The    Little 
Syracuse  Boy,"  "The  Little  Drummer  Boy,"  "Out  of  Darkness  into  Light," 
etc.,  etc.    These  practical  and  simple  books  did  an  immense  amount  of  good. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Birchby,  H.  Cough,  b.  Euxton,  Eng.,  1853;  La  F.  Coll.  81,  U.S.  84,  Presbyt. 

84-92;     Holland,    Mich.    (Hope   Ch.),    1892-9.     See   "U.S.   Cat." 
Bird,  Addison  Caleb,  b.  Hawthorne,  Westchester  Co.,  N.  Y.,  May  9,  1869; 
educated,  Mt.  Hermon,  Mass.;    N.B.S.  1896;    1.  CI.  Westchester;    Stan- 
ton,  N.   J.,   1896-1903.     Hopewell,   N.   Y.,    1903-10;     Poughkeepsie,    ist, 

Arlington,    1910 ;     also    S.S.    Emmanuel,    Poughkeepsie,    1919 ; 

S.C.  CI.  of  Poughkeepsie,  191 2 . 

Birdsall,  Edward,  b.  in  Williamsburg  (Brooklyn),  N.Y.,  Aug.  21,  1842; 
N.B.S.  80;  1.  CI.  Westchester;  Three  Bridges,  N.J.,  80-4,  Addis- 
ville.  Pa.,  84-8,  Schodack,  N.Y.,  88-92,  Clifton,  N.J.,  92-1899,  d.  April  8. 
See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,  1899,  570. 
Birkby,  John.  b.  at  Yorkshire,  Eng.,  1792;  Rotherham  Coll..  Eng.,  18..; 
ordained  by  the  Congregationalists  (Earl  Shelton,  Leicester,  Eng.,  18.  .  ; 
Tockholes,  Lancaster,  Eng.,  18.. — 35;  Hanover,  N.H.,  1835-40); 
Ganesvoort,  40-45,  d.  1861.  See  "Manual  of  1879";  "Ch.  Int."  May  30, 
1861. 
Birkey,  Ab.,  b.   1806    (Detroit,   Ger.   Ref.  49-52),  2d   G.D.R.     Ch.   N.Y.C. 

52-65,  d.  1867. 
Bishop,   Alex.   Hamilton,  b.   at   New   Haven,   Ct.,   i8ic;     Y.C.   30,   P.S.   35, 

1.  by  Connecticut  Assoc.  Astoria,  40-53,  d.  1854.     See  Manual,  1902. 
Bishop,   George   Sayles,   b.   at   Rochester,   N.   Y..   June   28,    1836;     A.C.   58, 
A.S.  and  P.S.  64,  lie.  Presbyt.  Rochester,  June.  1863;  ord.  by  Presbyt. 
N.B.    June,    1864    (Trenton,    2d,    64-66,    Newburgh    (Calvary),    66-72, 
Orange,  2d,  72-75,  all  Presbyt.)  ;    Orange,  N.  J.,  1875-1907.     P.E.  1907- 
14,  d.  March  12.     DD.,  R.C.  1877.     Vedder  Lecturer,  1885.     Pres  Gen. 
Syn.,  1899. 
Dr.    Bishop   was   a   fervent,   evangelical    preacher    and   a    profound   theo- 
logian.    He  held  to  the  old  doctrines  with  great  force  and  was  able  to  give 
a  reason  for  the  faith  that  was  in  him.     The  ministry  was  to  him  a  vocat.on. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1914,  2y^. 
Publications  :    Dr.  Bishop  was  a  voluminous  writer.     For  a  list  of  his 
publications  see  Manual  1902. 

Bishop,  Wm.  Samuel  (son  of  Rev.  G.  S.  Bishop),  b.  Northampton,  Mass., 
Aug.  26,  1865.  R.C.  '87,  N.B.S.  88-9.  Gen.  Sem.  N.Y.C.  '92.  Epis- 
copalian. 
Black,  John,  b.  East  Greenbush.  N.  Y.,  May  i.  1868;  R.C.  98,  N.B.S.  1901, 
1.  CI.  Rensselaer;  Easton,  N.  Y.,  1901-1904.  Altamont,  1904-08; 
Ghent,     ist     and     New     Concord,     1908-18;      Unionville,     Hawthorne, 

1918 .     Vice-Pres.  P.S. A.  1912. 

Blair,  Harlan  Page,  b.  1842;  ord.  1876  (Congre.  Deer  River,  Copenhagen, 
Westmoreland,  18.. -81)  ;  West  Farms,  81-4,  Germantown,  N.  \ .,  84-7; 
d.  Mar.  11.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1890,  918. 

Blair,  Robert,  J.,  b.  in  N.  J.,  May  8,  1797;    N.B.S.  1823,  1.  CI 1823; 

Miss,   to   Princetown   and   Guilderland    (Helderbergh),    1824,    Miss,    to 
Salem,   1825.  Princetown  and  Helderbergh,   1825-7,   Helderbergh,   1827- 
30,  w.  c.  1858;   d.  Jan.  19.     See  Manual,  1902. 
Blake,  Robert  W.    Licentiate  of  CI.  Bergen,  1896-18. 


THE    MINISTRY  255 

Blanchard,  Frank  D.,  b.  Spring  Valley,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  13,  1886.     R.C.  1914, 
N.B.S.    1917.     1.   by   CI.   Paramus.     Shandaken   and    Shokan,    1917-20; 

Rhinebeck,  N.  Y.,  1920 .     Chaplain  159th  Inf.,  143  M.G.  Bn. 

Blaschke,  H.  S.     Presbyterian.     S.S.  Dumont,  la.,  1913.     Presbyterian. 
Blategen,  J.,  b.   Sept.    15.    1824.   at   Aluelheim,   Ger. ;    c.   to  America,    1848 
(studied  at  Mercersburg,  Pa.,  and  Tiffin,  O. ;    Linton,  Ind. ;    Evansville. 
Ind. ;    Newton,  Wis. ;    Mosel,  Wis. ;    Boegers  Store,  Mo. ;    Centreville, 
Wis.;    Menno,  S.  D.;   all  in  R.C.  of  U.S.)  ;  Forreston.  111.,  80-5.    Died. 
Blauvelt,  Augustus,  b.  Farmer,  N.  Y.,   1834-     RC.   1858,  N.B.S.  61,  1.  CI. 
Philadelphia;    assistant  in  Madison  St.  Chapel,  N.  Y.  C,  61-2,  Amoy, 
China,  63-4,  Bloomingdale,  N.  Y.,  66-71,  w.  c.    Died  Ap.  14,  1900.    D.D. 
by  R.C,  1873. 
Publications  :     "Kingdom    of    Satan,"    1868.      Articles    in    "Scribner's 
Monthly."     Letters  in  "Independent"  in  1873,  and  in  other  papers  and  maga- 
zines.    "Present   Religious   Crisis,"   1883. 
Blauvelt,  Cor.  J.     Lie.  by  Seceders,  1828;    Schraalenburgh,  1828-52,  Hack- 

ensack  and  English  Neighborhood,  1852-9;  d.  1861. 
Blauvelt,  Cor.  J.,  b.  1813,  N.B.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1842,  Schraalenburgh, 
1842-58,  Blue  Mountain,  1859-62,  Woodstock  (S.S.),  1864-5,  Closter 
City  (S.S.),  1866-9,  W'est  Hurley,  1869-78,  Livingston  Manor,  1878-81, 
d.  March.  See  "Ch.  Int.,"  1881,  Ap.  4. 
Blauvelt,  Cor.  Ryckman,  b.  May  6,  1843,  in  N.  Y.  C. ;  U.N.Y.  64,  P.S. 
and  U.S.  67,  lie.  Pres.  N.Y. ;  East  New  York,  1868-74.  Newark,  East, 
1874-6,  Ed.  "Sower  and  Gospel  Field,"  1874-5,  again,  Jan. -Aug.,  1877, 
Ed.     "Christian   Intelligencer,"   77-79,    Hyde    Park,.   80-83.     Ph.D.   by 

N.Y.U.   1891.     Cor.   Sec.  of   Soc.  of   Comparative  Religions,   1890 . 

d.  Aug.   12,   1920. 
He  was  a  student  and  seeker  after  truth,  not  content  with  surface  defin- 
itions.    See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,   1921,  630. 

Publications  :  "The  Spcncerian  Theory  of  the  Religion  of  Israel." 
"Theosophy  and  Christianity  Irreconcilable,"  "Horn.  Rev.."  May, 
1895.  Many  editorials,  reviews,  and  contributed  articles  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  and 
"Sower  and  Gospel  Field."  For  many  years  he  prepared  semi-annual  Index 
of  the  Christian  Intelligencer. 

Blauvelt,  Geo.  Mancius  Smedes,  b.  Dec.  8,  1832   (s.  of  Rev.  Dr.  Blauvelt, 

of    Lamington,    Presbyt.)  ;     N.Y.U.    1850,    P.S.    1853,    1.    Presbyt.    1853 

(Chester,    N.   J.,    1853-6,    Racine,   Wis.,    1856-9,    Lyons    Farm,    1859-64, 

Presbyt.)  ;    Tappan,  1864-82,  Easton,  Pa.,  1882-90,  Six  Mile  Run,  1890- 

1901,  w.  c.     d.  July  5,  1911. 

He  was  a  minister  of  the  old  school  yet  not  lacking  in  progressive  ideas. 

See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1912,  559.     Also  "Cole's  Hist.  Ch.  of  Tappa:.,"  1894, 

110-116. 

Blauvelt,  Isaac,  b.  about  1750;    Q.C.  1783.  stud,  theol.  under  J.  R.  Harden- 

bergh,    1.    CI.    Hackensack,     1780;      Fishkill    and    Hopewell,     1783-90, 

Paramus  and  Saddle   River,   1790-Nov.,  91,  susp. ;    restored  to  church 

membership,    1824,  d.  about    18.40.     Elected  a  trustee  of   Q.C.    1785. 

Blauvelt.  Timothy.     Q.C.   1782,  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,   1.  by  Gen. 

Meeting  of   Mins.  and   Elds.    1784. 
Blauvelt,  Wm.  Warren,  b.  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  June  23.  1800;    Q.C. 
1814,   N.B.S.   2S,   Teaching   22-4,   1.   by   Presbyt.   of    Lawrcnccville,    N. 
J.     (Lamington,  N.  J.   (Presbvt.),  1826-1882;    pastor  emeritus,  18S2-88, 
died  July  16.)     D.D.  N.Y.U.  1856.     See  Manual.  1902. 
Blauw.  Cornelius.     Matriculated  at  the  University  of  Groningen,  Sept.   15, 
1749,  for  the  study  of  Philosophy  and  Letters.     He  was  from  Alkmaar. 
Pompton   Plains,   Fairfield,  Totowa,  and  Boonton,   1762-8,  Hackensack, 
2d,   and   Schraalenburgh,  2d,   1768-71. 
He  appears  to  have  been  a  troublesome  man  of  the  Conferentie  party,  in- 
vading  the   congregations   of   others,   accepting   calls    from   the   disaflFected, 
and  illegally  administering  the  ordinances  to  them. 


256  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Blekkink,  Evert  J.,  b.  Oostburg,  Wis.,  May  26,  1858;  H.C.  83,  N.B.S.  86, 
lie.  CI.  Wis;  Lisha's  Kill,  86-8,  Cobleskill  and  Lawyersville,  88- 
94,   Amsterdam,  N.  Y.    (Trinity),  94-9,   Kalamazoo,   Mich.,    1899-1905; 

Holland  3d,  1905-12.     Prof.   Systematic  Theo.  W.T.S.   1912 .     D.D. 

H.C.    1909.     Pres.   Gen.    Syn.,    1918.     D.D.    R.C.    1920.     Editor   of   the 

Leader,    1906 

Blekkink,  Victor  John  W.  (son  of  Rev.  E.  J.  Blekkink),  b.  at  Lisha's  Kill, 
N.  Y.,  Aug.  27,  1887,  H.C.  1909.     N.B.S.  1912.     I.  by  CI.  Holland  1912. 

Long  Branch,  1912-14;    Canajoharie,  1914 .     Pres.  P.S.A.  (1920-21.) 

Blessing,  Frank  Fenton,  b.  Slingerland,  N.  Y.  U.C.  1889.  P.S.  1892.  1. 
by  Pres.  Albany.  Pres.  Scarborough,  1892-1901  ;  Lebanon,  1903-07; 
Sect.  Ursinus  Col.,  1908-9;  Sect.  Travelers'  Aid  Soc,  N.Y.C.,  1910-11; 
Director  Gad's  Hill  Center  Social  Settlement,  Chicago,  1912-13;  Albany, 

N.  Y.,  6th,  1915 

Blocker,  Simon,  b.  Amsterdam,  Holland,   Oct.   i,   1881.     R.C.   1905,   N.BS. 
1908.     1.  by  CI.  N.B.     Union,  High  Bridge,   1908-15;    Paterson,  Broad- 
way, 1915 .     Lector  Biblical  Theology  N.B.S.   1917 .     Ass.  Edi- 
tor  Ch.   In. 
Bloemendal,   Ralph,  b.   in  the  Netherlands,   1859,  c.   to  America,  69;     H.C. 

88,  W.S.  '89,  1.  CI New  Holland,  Mich.,  91-4,  Chicago,  1st,  94-7, 

Muskegon,  2d,  1897-1905.  Baldwin,  Wis.,  1905-07;  Emmanuel,  Grand 
Rapids,  1907-12;  Cleveland,  ist  1912-14;  North  Park,  Kalamazoo, 
1914-16;  Zion  Ref.,  Grand  Rapids,  1918-19;  Graafschap,  Mich.,  1919- 
20. 
Blom,  Hermannus,  b.  Amsterdam,  1628;  matriculated  at  Utrecht  University, 
1647;    at  Leyden   University,   June  4,    1652,  as  a  student  of  theology; 

Esopus,    1660-7,    returned   to    Holland,    Wonbrugge,    Holland,    1667 

In  1657  he  was  a  candidate  and  the  Classis  elected  him  to  go  in  the  navy 
with  Mr.  Tromp,  and  he  was  presented  to  the  Admiralty  Board;  but  the 
conditions  offered  were  not  acceptable  to  him.  Letters  from  Domines 
Megapolensis  and  Drisius  had  excited  deep  interest  in  Holland  concerning 
the  destitution  of  the  American  churches  (1659),  but  no  settled  pastor 
could  be  induced  to  leave  his  field.  The  Classis  then  urged  Hermannus 
Blom,  a  candidate  for  the  ministry,  to  come  to  the  New  World.  He  arrived 
in  April,  1659,  and  as  Esopus  seemed  most  in  need,  he  was  sent  thither. 
Before  they  had  in  that  place  only  Comforters  of  the  Sick,  who  read  to 
them  on  the  Sabbath  days.  He  accordingly  visited  Esopus  and  preached 
two  sermons.  A  church  was  at  once  organized,  and  he  was  called  to  become 
their  pastor.  He  accepted  the  call,  and  sailed  for  Holland  in  September, 
1659,  to  submit  to  the  final  examination  and  receive  ordination.  On  Feb. 
16,  1660,  he  returned,  "ordained  to  preach  on  water  and  on  the  land,  and 
in  all  the  neighborhood,  but  specially  at  Esopus."  In  three  years  his  church 
had  grown  from  16  to  60  members.  At  the  Indian  massacre  at  Wiltwyck, 
in  1663,  he  acted  most  bravely,  helping  to  drive  away  the  savages. — "Doc. 
Hist.,"  iii,  581;  "Col.  Hist.,"  ii,  223;  "Letters  in  Ecc.  Rec,"  N.Y. 
Bloodgood,   Chas.   Edward,  b.   Palenville,   N.Y.,   Sept.   5,   1894.     R.C.    1917. 

N.B.S.  1920.     1.  by  CI.  Greene,  1920.     Spotswood,  N.  J..  1920 

Bloom,  Walter  Sax,  b.  Catskill,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  4,  1888.  R.C.  1912.  N.B.S. 
1915.     1.   by   CI.   Green.     Hawthorne,   N.   J.,    1916-21  ;     Passaic,   N.   J., 

North,  1921 

Blue,  John   H.     Rec'd   from   Pres.    1915.     Jersey   City,    Park   Ch.,    1916-17. 

Bluhm,  Conrad,  b.  Cleveland,  O.,  May  11,  1867;    Colorado  Univer.  95,  U.S. 

97,  ord.   CI.   Bergen;     Hoboken,    ist,    1897-1902.     Presbyterian 
Publications  :    Several  pamphlets. 
Bodine,  Geo.  D.  W.,  b.  Aug.  20,  1836,  Seneca  Co.,  N.  Y.;  R.C.  61,  N.B.S. 

64,    1.    CI.    Geneva,    Addisville,    Pa.,    64-8,    Germantown,    N.    Y.,    68-74, 

Bushnell,  74-79;    d.   1880.     See  Manual,   1902. 
Boech.   F.     See  Bosch,   F.C.S. 


THE    MINISTRY  257 

Boehme,  John  Philip,  b.   Hochstadt,   Ger. ;    baptized  there  Nov.  25,    1683; 
teacher  at   Worms,    1708-15,  at   Lambsheim,    1715-20;    c.   to   America, 
1720;    first  Reader  and  subsequently  Pastor  at  Falckner  Swamp,  Skip- 
pach  and  Whitemarsh,  Pa.,  1725-49;    org.  chs.  at  Conestoga,  Lancaster 
Co.,   Pa.,    1727;    at   Tulpehocken,    1727;    also    Pastor   at   Philadelphia, 
1734-48;    org.  ch.  at  Oley,  Pa.,   1736.     Died   1740. 
Owing  to  the  dearth  of  ministers  in  Pennsylvania,  he  assumed  the  office 
at  the  request  of  the  people  and  administered  the  sacraments.     When  Ger- 
man ministers  began  to  arrive,  he  sought  correspondence  with  the  Classis 
of  Amsterdam,  and  was  finally  legally  ordained  in  the  name  of  the  Classis, 
by  the  Dutch  ministers  in  New  York,  Nov.  23,  1729.     The  correspondence 
and    all    the    proceedings    are    entered    in    the    "Minutes    of    the    Collegiate 
Church,"  N.  Y.  C.     Rev.  Dr.  T.  W.  Chambers  made  a  translation  of  this 
material,  and  it  was  published  in  the  "Mercersburg  Review,"  October,  1876. 
The  same  documents,  and  many  more  pertaining  to  this  matter,  are  found 
in  full  in  the  Ecc.  Rec.  N.  Y.     The  Classis  ratified  all  his  acts  done  before 
ordination.      He   attended   the   first   meeting  of   the   Dutch   Coetus   in    1738. 
He  was  most  active  in  organizing  the  scattered   German  settlers  in  Penn- 
sylvania into  churches.     He  was  one  of  the  four  ministers  who  organized 
the   German   Coetus   in    1747.      His   life   was   very   active   and   very   useful. 
■'Van   Home's    Hist,   of   Ger.   Ch.,    Philadelphia."      Dr.   Jas.    I.    Good   pub- 
lished a  sketch  of  his  life — "Early  Fathers  of  Refd.  Ch.,"  1897;    and  gave 
much  material  relating  to  him  in  his  "Hist,  of  Refd.  Ch.  in  U.  S.,"  1899. 
Boehrer,  John,  b.   in  Germany,   1828;    c.  to  America,    1847;    studied  under 
Guldin  and  others ;     lie.   N.   CI.   L.   I.,    1854 ;     laboring  at   Astoria   and 
Newtown,  54-6;    West  Leyden,  56-62,  Jeffersonville,  Thumansville,  and 
Milesville,  62-5,  Naumberg  and  New  Bremen,  68-74,  Mina,  74-9,  labor- 
ing for  Am.  Tract  Soc,  79-86,  Bufifalo,  87-97,  w.  c.     d.  Dec.  14,  1902. 
See   Min.   Gen.   Syn.,    1903,   514. 
Boel,    Henricus    (son   of    Tobias),    b.    Amsterdam,    1692;     matriculated    in 
Leyden   University,   Sept.«  17,    1712,    for   the   study   of   theology;     New 
York,  1713-54;    d.  June  2'^.     Officiated  also  frequently  in  all  the  neigh- 
boring churches. 
He  was  the  decided  opponent  of  Frelinghuysen  in  his  more  evangelistic 
and  revivalistic  methods  at  Raritan.     Domine  Van  Santvoord  in  his  "Dia- 
logue  between   Candidus   and   Considerans,"   constantly   refers   to    Boel,   al- 
though   not    by    name.      Boel's    brother,    a    lawyer,    drew    up    the    charges 
against  Frelinghuysen   for  his  evangelical  preaching  in  a  pamphlet  of   150 
pages,    called    the    "Klagte,"    or    "Complaint."      Domine    Boel    was    of    an 
irascible   temper,   and   even  encouraged  the  disaffected   in   Goetschius'   con- 
gregation at  Jamaica.     Yet  the  judicious  course  and  amiable  spirit  of   his 
older   colleague,    Du    Bois,    prevented   any   collision    between    them    as    col- 
leagues.     The  obituary   notice   of    Boel,   July    i,    1754,    in   the   "New   York 
Mercury,"   refers   to   his   great   learning,   his   orthodoxy,   and   his   ability   in 
controversy.     It  also  adds  that  he  was  a  tender  and  affectionate  parent,  and 
a  generous  and  charitable  friend  of  the  poor.     "Ecc.   Rec,   N.  Y."     "Doc. 
Hist.   N.  Y.,"  iii,  576;   "Eng.   Mints.  Ch.   N.  Y.   Lib.   B.,"  43;    "Collegiate 
Ch.  Year-Book,"   1883,  66.     The  dates  in  the  obituary  notice  are  not  quite 
consistent.     He  had  been  pastor  for  forty-two  years,  and  not  thirty-seven, 
as  there  said.     The  "Leyden  Catalogue"  also  fixes  his  birth  at  1692,  and  not 
1688.     See  also  "Manual,"  of   1879. 

Boelen,  Hermanns  Lancelot,  Jamaica,  Newtown,  Oyster  Bay,  and  Success, 
1766-72,  Oyster  Bay  and  Newtown,  1772-80. 
He  was  a  Tory  in  the  Revolution,  and  in  1780  returned  to  Holland.  His 
warm  prayers  for  the  King  exasperated  the  Whigs.  He  was  a  widower, 
accompanied  by  his  daughter,  and  his  language  is  said  to  have  been  too 
pure  and  high-flown  for  the  people.  He  was  of  small  stature,  but  had  a 
stcntorion  voice.  He  did  not  attend  the  meeting  for  union  in  1771,  although 
earnestly  exhorted  to  come  by  Dr.  Livingston. — "Mints.  Ch.  N.  Y.,  Lib.  B.," 
386,  Eng.  translation. 


258  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Boer,  Henry  K.,  b.  Dalfsen,  Neths.,  Aug.  12,  1845;  H.C.  70,  W.S.  "JZ,  lie. 
CI.  Holland ;  ord.  by  CI.  Grand  River,  74,  Apr.  8,  as  Miss.  Pastor ;  De- 
troit and  South  Haven,  74-6,  Buffalo  and  Dunkirk,  76-9,  Albany  (Hoi.), 
79-85,  Maurice,  la.,  85-90,  Coopersville,  Mich.,  90-2,  Grand  Rapids, 
9th,  92-5,  Hamilton,  Mich.,  95-1900,  Chicago  (N.  W.  ch.),  1900-1902. 
Otley,  la.,  1902-05;  Portage,  Mich.,  1905-09;  Agent,  Holland  Benevo- 
lent Ass.  S.S.  Sioux  City,  la.,  1915-16.  d.  Oct.  16,  1919.  See  Min. 
Gen.  Syn.,  1920,  274. 
Boer,  Nicholas  (neph.  of  H.  K.  Boer),  b.  Drenthe,  Mich.,  Mar.  21,  1872; 
H.C.  97,  W.S.  1900,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Jamestown,  2d  (Mich.),  1900-1903; 
Bethany,   Grand   Rapids,   1903-07;    Chicago,   ist,   1907-09;     Passaic,    ist 

(Hoi.),  1909-15;    Jamestown,  ist,  1916-18,  Grand  Rapids,  3rd,  1918 

Boetcher,   Wm.    H.   J.     Brooklyn    (Ger.   Am.   Refd.),    1898-1901.      Presby- 
terian. 
Boeve,  Lucas,  b.  Newkirk,  la.,  Feb.  9,  1876.     H.C.  1903.     N.B.S.   1906.     L 
by  CI.   of   N.B.     Lebanon,   N.   J.,    1906-10;     North   Ch.,   Newark  Ass., 

1910-14;    Tarrytown,  2nd,   1914 • 

Bogardus,  Cornelius,  b.   Sept.  25,   1780;    studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  1. 

CI.  N.  Y.,   1808;    Schenectady,   1808-12;    d.  Dec.   13. 
Bogardus,   Cornelius    (nephew  of   Cornelius   Bogardus,  above),  b.  at  Fish- 
kill,   1785;    U.C.   1816,  N.B.S.   18,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Miss,  to  Madison  and 
Warren  Cos.,  N.  Y.,  18-20,  Beaverdam,  21-5,  Wynantskill,  26-32,  Boght, 
34-8,   Gilboa  and   Conesville,   38-43   supplied  Blenheim   1834,   a  teacher, 
43-54.  d.     He  published  a  treatise  on  the  Mode  of  Baptism,  1821. 
Bogardus,  Everardus,  b.'Woerden,    (near   Utrecht),    1607;    matriculated  in 
Leyden  University,  July  17,   1627,  for  the  study  of  letters;    Comforter 
of  the  Sick  in  Guinea,  16- — 1632;    ord.  by  CI.  of  Amsterdam,  June  14, 
1632;  New  Amsterdam,  1633-47,  resigned  July  22.     Sailed  for  Holland 
Aug.    16   on   "The    Princess."     Drowned    Sept.   27,    1647. 
In  the   "Minutes   of   tlie   Synod  of    North   Holland,"  at   Alckmaar,   Aug. 
17,  seq.,  1632,  in  the  list  of  "Ministerial  Changes"  of  the  Classis  of  Amster- 
dam, we  find,  under  the  head  of  "Entered"  :    "Everardus  Bogardus,  sent  to 
New  Netherland ;    Conrad  Cleverus,  sent  to  Pharnabruck." 

For  a  long  time  Bogardus  was  thought  to  have  been  the  first  minister  in 
New  Netherlands,  but  see  Michaelius.  He  arrived  with  Governor  Van 
Twiller,  in  April,  1633,  accompanied  by  Adam  Roelandsen,  a  school  master. 
The  people  of  New  Amsterdam  had  worshipped  in  a  loft  since  1626;  but  this 
was  now  replaced  by  a  plain  wooden  building  like  a  barn,  situated  near  the 
East  River,  in  what  is  now  Broad  street,  between  Pearl  and  Bridge.  Near- 
by a  parsonage  was  also  provided.  Van  Twiller's  government  was  not 
what  it  ought  to  have  been,  and  he  received  a  severe  reprimand  from  Bo- 
gardus, who  styled  him  "a  child  of  the  devil,"  and  threatened  him  with 
such  a  shake  from  the  pulpit  on  the  following  Sabbath  as  would  make  him 
shudder.  This  coarse  and  unbecoming  conduct  was  afterward  charged 
against  him. 

As.  early  as  1638,  Bogardus  wished  to  go  to  Holland  to  answer  Van 
Dincklagen's  charges  against  him,  but  he  could  not  be  spared.  He  had  a 
daughter  married  in  1642,  which  event,  after  several  rounds  of  drink,  was 
seized  by  the  Governor  as  a  fit  opportunity  to  secure  subscriptions  for  a 
new  church  building.  Many  of  the  subscriptions  were  bitterly  repented 
afterward,  but  withoirt  avail.  The  domine  protested  against  Kieft's  mur- 
derous slaughter  of  the  neighboring  Indians  in  1643;  and  two  years  later, 
when  Kieft  refused  the  right  of  appeal  to  the  fatherland,  the  domine  boldly 
denounced  him  from  the  pulpit,  standing  as  he  did  on  the  side  of  the 
people's  rights.  Kieft  had  before  this  charged  the  domine  with  drunkenness 
and  siding  with  the  malcontents.  The  Governor  and  many  of  the  officers 
now  remained  away  from  church  services  and  excited  parties  to  drum  and 
shout  during  service.  At  last  Kieft  cited  Bogardus  for  trial  and  matters 
grew  worse  and  worse  till  mutual  friends  interfered.     After  the  arrival  of 


THE    MINISTRY  259 

Governor  Stuyvesant  to  supersede  Kieft,  in  July,   1647,  both  Kieft,  with  a 

large  fortune,  and  Bogardus  sailed  in  the  same  vessel  to  Europe  to  give  an 

account  to  their  superiors   (Aug.  16,  1647).     But  by  mistake  they  got  into 

Bristol   Channel  and  were  wrecked  off  the  coast  of   Wales  and  both  were 

lost.     Out  of  one  hundred  lives,  only  twenty  were  saved. 

In    1638   Bogardus   had   married   Anneke   Jans,    widow   of    Roeloff    Jans. 

From  her  first  husband  she  inherited  the  farm  which  later  (1705)  became  the 

property  of    Trinity   Church   and   the    foundation   of   that   church's   wealth. 

Mrs.  Bogardus,  after  her  husband's  death  returned  to  her  former  home  at 

Beverwyck   (Albany),  where  she  died  in  1663.     Bogardus  is  the  Latinized 

form  of   Bogart.     Domine  Bogardus'  descendants  are  numerous. 
For  fuller  sketch  and  list  of  Authorities,  see   Manual,    1902. 

Bogardus,  Francis  M.  (s.  of  Cor.  Bogardus,  No.  2),  b.  Boght,  N.  Y.,  April 
19,  1836,  R.C.  60,  N.B.S.  63.  1.  by  CI.  L.L;  Greetibush,  63-9;  Westerlo^ 
69-72;  Mohawk,  72-6;  (Brookfield,  Ct.,  77-80)  ;  Palisades,  80-8;  Bloorii- 
ingdale  and  St.  Remy,  88-90 ;  Cortlandtown,  90-5 ;  d.  Feb.  20,  1918. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.  1918,  599. 

Bogardus.  Henry  James,  b.  Fishkill  Landing,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  15,  1858;  R.C. 
78,  N.B.S.  81,  lie.  by  CI.  Westchester;  grad.  of  N.  Y.  University  Col- 
lege of  Medicine,  1883,  intending  to  go  as  a  missionary;  but  finaUy 
settled  down  to  the  practice  of   medicine   in   this  country. 

Bogardus,  Nanning.  Helderbergh,  1830-3,  Fort  Plain,  34-5,  S.S.  at  Platte- 
kill ;  Woodstock,  38-42,  Sharon,  46-8,  Westerlo,  49-50,  Gallupville,  52-6, 
Stone  Arabia,  57-8,  S.S.  Canastota,  58-9,  S.S.  Spraker's  Basin,  6i-6^ 
d.  1868. 

Bogardus,  Wm.  E.,  son  of  Cor.  Bogardus,  No.  2,  b.  Cohoes,  N.  Y.,  June, 
1834;  R.C.  60,  N.B.S.  63.  1.  N.  CI.  L.  L;  Middleburgh  (S.S.),  63-4, 
Unionville  and  Greenburgh,  64-7,  supplied  Stuyvesant  Falls,  67-8,  Miss^ 
to  Norris,  111.,  68-9,  Cuddebackville,  70-4,  Saddle  River,  74-84,  Oak- 
land, 84-8  (Pleasant  Plains,  Presbyt.,  88-90),  Fairfield,  90-2,  Brook- 
dale,  1892-1908;  d.  Jan.  5.  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1908,  228. 
Publications:    "Hist.  Refd.  Ch.  Brookdale,  N.  J.,"  1901. 

Bogardus,  Wm.  R.   (cousin  of  Cor.  Bogardus,  No.  2),  b.  1792,  U.C.  181  j, 
N.B.S.    16,   1.    CI.    N.B.;     New    PaUz   and    New    Hurley,    17-28,    New 
Paltz,  28-31,  Aquackanonck,  31-56,  resigned,  d.   1862. 
He  was  an  eminent  servant  of  Christ  in  the  van  guard  of  progress  and  in 

successful   labor  abundant.     See  Manual,   1902.     D.D. 

Bogart,  David  Schuyler,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  1770;  C.C.  1790,  studied  theol.  under 
Livingston,  1.  by  Synod  of  R.D.  Churches,  1792;  Miss,  along  the  Hud- 
son and  to  the  North,  as  far  as  St.  Croix,  1792,  Albany,  as  an  assistant, 
1792-6  (Southampton,  L.  I.,  Presbyt.),  1796-1806,  Bloomingdale,  1806-7 
(Southampton  again),  1807-13,  Success  and  Oyster  Bay,  1813-26,  d. 
1839. 
He    was   a    man    of    intellectual    ability   which   was    improved    by  ^study. 

Through  his  writings  for  the  press  his  influence  was  widely  extended*.     See 

Manual,  1902. 

Bogcrt,  Nic.  I.  M.,  b.  June  30,   1842.     R.C.   1864,  N.B.S.  67.  1.   CI.   N.Y. ; 
Metuchen,   67-70,   w.   c.    (White   Haven,   Pa.,   Presbyt.   76-81,    Bellport, 
L.   I.,  81-4),   Clover   Hill,   84-96,   Woodlawn   Chapel,   Brooklyn,;  1900- 
.  1902.      Supplying   churches. 

Bogert,  Samuel,  b.  1783.  C.C.  i8ai.  Studied  under  Frocligh,  1.  1804,  d. 
1868.     Never  ordained.  ' 

Boggis,  Henry,  Highlands,  N.  J.,  1887-9,  Woodstock,  N.  Y.,  91-5. 

Bohler,  Jacob,  b.  July  5.  1863,  Bern,  Switzerland.  Mission  House  Col. 
1888.  Mission  House  Seni.  1891 ;  1.  by  CI.  Missouri.  (Rockville, 
Mo.,  1891-1899;    Belden,  Neb.,  1899-1904;    Ref.  Ch.  U.S.).     Delaware, 

.     S.  D.,  1904-08;    Ref.-' Ch.  U;S.,  Beklen,  Nebr.,  1908 .     Stated  Clerk 

'    CI.  Missuori,  Ref.  Ch.  U.S. ;   Treasurer  CL  of  Nebraska,  Ref.  Ch.  U.^. 

Boice,  Ira  Condict,  b.  in  Piscata way  township,  Middlesex  Co.,  N.  J.,  JuQe 


26q  the  reformed  church    in   AMERICA 

28,  1803;    D.C.  23,  N.B.S.  26,  I.  CI.  N.B.;    Salem  and  Union,  26-9,  Ber- 
gen Neck,   29-44,   Claverack,  44-59,   North   Hempstead,   59-70,   d.    1872, 
Oct.  5.     See  Manual,  1902. 
Bolks,  Seine,  b.  near  Linden,  Overyssel,  Holland,  April  30,   1814.     Studied 
under   Van   Raalte ;     Hellendoorn,    Holland,    1834-47;     c.   to   America; 
Overyssel,  48-53,   Grand   Haven,   53-5,   Milwaukee,   55-61,   Chicago    ist, 
61-2,  High  and   Low  Prairie,  62-5,  Zeeland,  65-71,   Orange  City,   71-8, 
Emeritus,  d.  June  16,   1894. 
His  life  covered  the  period  of  the  five  pioneer  pastors  and  leaders  who 
in  1846-7  led  the  exodus  of  Hollanders  to  the  West.     In  his  boyhood  he  had 
witnessed  the  successful  struggle  for  the  establishment  of  a  free  church  in 
the    Netherlands.      His    natural   gifts    and    early    consecration    transformed 
the  shepherd  boy  into  a  minister  of  Christ.     The  urgency  of  the  times  per- 
mitted but  a  few  months  of  preparation.     In  large  measure  he  attributed  to 
Van  Raalte,  his  instructor,  the  molding  of  his  character  and  the  shaping  of 
his  future  course.     On  their  way  to  Michigan  he  and  his  companions  passed 
the  winter  of   1847-8  in  Syracuse.     Upon  reaching  his  destination  they  set- 
tled the  town  of   Overyssel,  Mich.     He  was  a  wise  and  safe  counselor  to 
liis  people  in  their  temporal  affairs  as  well  as  in  their  religious   life.     He 
advocated  the  union  of  the  new   immigrants   with  the   Reformed    (Dutch) 
Church,   to  which  he  was  always   faithfully  devoted.     His   preaching  was 
markedly  evangelical   and   large   blessings   attended   his   labors   everywhere. 
He  was  intimately  acquainted  with  every  member  of  his  flock.     He  was  a 
tnan  of  prayer,  of  strong^faith  and  of  commanding  presence.     His  ministry 
lasted  nearly  sixty  years.     He  was  the  last  survivor  of  the  originar  pioneer 
ministers  of  the  Holland  emigration  of   1846-7.     "Mints.  Gen.   Syn.,"   1895, 
207. 

Bollenbacher,  Jacob,  b.  at  Kirschroth,  Germany,  July  25,  1847,  c.  to  Ameri- 
ca, 68,  engaged  in  Sunday-school  work,  68-77.  Studied  for  the  minis- 
try at  Franklin,  Wis.;  ord.  by  Ger.  Ref.  Ch.,  79.  (Ger.  Ref.  Chs. 
79-1893.)  Hope  Ch.  at  George,  Lyon  Co.,  Iowa,  March,  93;  died  Nov. 
17,  1893. 
Bolster,  Frelon  Eugene,  b.  Portland,  Maine,  March  30.  1873.  A.C.  1896. 
Yale  Divinity  Sch.  1896,  interrupted  by  sickness.  U.T.S.  1911.  1.  by 
Cong.  Ministerial  Ass.  of  Windham  Co.,  Conn.,  1900;  (Cong-Mission- 
ary Work,  Conn,  and  Maine,  1899-1902;  Sheffield,  Mass.,  1902-06; 
Westbrook,  Maine,  1907-09;  Ass.,  Clinton  Ave.  Cong.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y., 
1911-12)  ;    Manor  Chapel,  N.  Y.,  1915-21.     (Pres.  Port  Chester,  N.  Y., 

1921 ) 

Bolsterle,  George  Steele,  b.  Lebanon,  N.  J.,  Sept.  13,  1876.  R.C.  in  Class 
of  1909,  N.B.S.  1909.  1.  by  CI.  Newark  1909.  West  Leyden,  1909-11; 
Wyantskill,  1911-13;  Anderson  Memorial,  N.  Y.  C,  1913-16;  West 
Farm,  N.  Y.  C.  (S.S.)  1916-1917.     (Pres.  Charlton  St.  Memorial,  N.  Y. 

C,  1917-20)  ;    Astoria,  L.  I.,  1920 

Bolton,  Jas.,  b.  Doe  Run,  Pa.,  Dec.  26,  1826;    U.C.  51.  U.S.  53,  1-  Presb.  of 

Brooklyn ;    Fordham,  56-65,  Colt's  Neck,  65-78,  Greenville,  82-4,  West 

Farms,  84-8,  Lodi,  2d,  88-90,  Stanton,  90-5,  w.  c.    d.  1905,  Oct.  4.     See 

Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1906,  597. 

Bombin,   John,   b.   Allcnstein,   Ger.,   Jan.   7,    1858 ;     University  of   Koenigs- 

berg;    N.B.S.  91,  lie.  by  CI.  N.  Y. ;    ord.  by  CI.  Bergen,  91;    Hacken- 

sack,  3d  (Ger.),  1891-1912. 

Bondct,  Daniel,  b.   1654,  French  Ref.  Boston  and  Worcester,   1686-95,  also 

Miss,  to  the   Indians  at   New  Oxford,   Mass.,    1689-95,   New   Rochelle. 

1696-1709,  visited  England  and  received  Episc.  ordination.  New  Rochelle 

again,  1709-22.     Also  Miss,  to  the  Mohegans,  1716-22,  died. 

He  had  fifty  Indian  communicants.     Col.  Heathcote  says :    "He  is  a  good 

«nan  and  preaches  very  intelligibly  in  English,  which  language  he  uses  every 

third  Sabbath,  when  he  avails  himself  of  the  Liturgy.     He  has  done  a  great 

deal  of  service  since  his  arrival  in  this  country.     His  pay  is  only  £30  per 


THE   MINISTRY 


261 


year."     "Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,"  iii.  ^7,  84,  560-573;  "Col.  Hist.  N.  Y.,"  v.  326^ 

354.     "Collections  of   Huguenot   Soc,"  Vol.   i. 

Bonnell,  Seth,  U.C.  1835;    Glcnvillc,  ist,  1835-8.     d. 

Bonney,  Peres  B.,  b.  Bound  Brook,  N.  J.,  June  18,  1838.  R.C.  1857,  N.B.S. 
1861  ;    became  Presbyterian.     Died  May  29,  1877. 

Bonrepos,  David,  French  Ref.  New  Rochelle,  1688-96,  supplied  New  Paltz. 
occasionally,  1696-1700,  Fresh  Kill,  Staten  Island,  1696-1717,  died  1734- 
See  "Van  Pelt's  Hist.  Sermon  and  Baird's  Daille,"  96;  also  "Collec- 
tions of  Huguenot  Soc." 

Bonte,  George  William,  b.  Ostfriestand,  Germany,  1883.  H.C.  1913.  W.S. 
1917.     1.  by  CI.  P.P.   1917.     Washington,  Ackley,  la.,   1907 

Boocook,  William  Henry,  b.  Sept.  21,  1863,  at  Birmingham,  England; 
R.C.  85,  N.B.S.  88,  1.  S.  CI.  L.  I.;  Flatbush,  Grace  Chapel,  86-99,  Bay- 
onne  ist,  1899-1909.  (Presbyterian,  Buffalo,  ist,  1909-1921).  Direc- 
tor of   Religious   Education   for   the   Presbytery  of    Buffalo,    1921 . 

D.D. 

Bookstaver,  A.  Augustus,  b.  Montgomery.  N.  Y.,  Nov.  22.  1842.  R.C. 
1866,  N.B.S.  69.  1.  CI.  Orange;  Glenville,  2d,  1870-1.  Chaplain  U.S.N. 
1872,  w.  c.    d.  April  24,  1905.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1905.  274. 

Bookstaver.  Jacob,  b.  at  Montgomery,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  9,  1817;  R.C.  y],  N.B.S. 
40,  1.  CI.  Orange;  Minisink,  41-7,  Teachr  at  Belleville,  47-8,  d.  Dec. 
II.     See  "Manual,"  1879. 

Boone,  Ilsley,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  (Brown  Univ.  1904,  Newton  Theo.  Insti- 
tute 1907.     Ord.  Boston  North  Ass.  1907).     S.S.  Ponds,  1921 

Publication  :   "The  Conquering  Christ,"  Associate  Editor  Chicago  Stand- 
ard, Missions,  etc. 

Boot,  Harry  Peter,  b.  Jan.  10,  1874,  Fulton,  111.  H.C.  1900,  W.S.  1903- 
1.  CI.  of  Wis.,  1903.  Missionary,  China,  1903^ — .  Mission  Treasurer, 
seven  years.  Mission  Secretary  a  year  and  a  half.  Prof.  O.T.  Exegesis 
and  Theology  in  Amov  Seminary. 

Booth,  Eugene  Samuel,  b.'Aug.  16,  1850.  at  Trumbull,  Ct. ;  R.C.^  76,  N.B.S. 
79,  ord.  by  CI.   N.B.,  June  26,  79;    Missionary  in  Japan   1879- — ;    in 

charge  of   Ferris   Seminary,  Yokohoma,   1882 .     Pastor   Union   Ch., 

Yokohoma,   1884-5,   1898-1907. 

Borden.  Edmund  W.     From  Presbyt.  Ch. ;    De  Spelder,  Mich.,  1883-7. 

Borgers.  Herman,  b.  in  Netherlands,  Nov.  13,  1844;  H.C.  68,  W.S.  'J2.  He. 
CI.  Holland;  ord.  Presbyt.  Chippewa,  -jz  (S.S.  North  Bend,  Wis., 
Presb.  Nov.,  72-^,  Ap.,  pastor  to  Feb.,  74)  ;  Cedar  Grove,  Wis.,  74-81. 
Polkton.  1881-3,  Greenleafton,  86-93.  Oak  Harbor,  Wash..  1903-05; 
also  S.S.  North  Yakima,  Wash.,  1904.  d.  Feb.  15,  1917.  See  Min.  Gen. 
Syn.,  1917.  257. 

Bork,  Christian,  b.  in  Berlin,  Prussia,  March  11,  1758;  stud,  under  Bassett, 

1.   CI.   Albany,   1795;     Lawyersville  and   Sharon,   1796-8,   Schodack  and 

Bethlehem,    1798-1803,    Union,    Union    Village    and    Schodack,    1804-8, 

Franklin  St.,  N.Y.C.,  1808-23,  d.  Sept.    D.D.  by  C.C.  181 1. 

His   baptismal   name   was   George   Christian    Frederick.      His    father,    an 

officer   in    the    Prussian   army,   died   of    a   wound    received   before    his    son 

Christian  was  born.     He  was  religiously  educated  by  his  mother,  and  at  the 

age  of  fourteen  was  confirmed  in  the  Lutheran  Church. 

When  about   18  years  of  age  he  was  pressed  into  the  army  and  sent  to 

America.     He  was  among  the  troops  of  General   Burgoync,  surrendered  at 

Saratoga  in  1777.     Afterward  he  taught  school  and  .served  in  the  Arncrican 

army.     He  was  converted  by  hearing  a  sermon  preached  by  Dr.  Livingston 

in  a  barn  on  Livingston  Manor.     He  became  a  minister  of  power. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Borst,  John  W.,  b.  Middleburgh,  N.Y.  (?)■  R-C.  1861,  N.B.S.,  d.  1864. 
May  3. 


262  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH   IN  AMERICA 

Bosch,  Fred.  C.  S.,  b.  Frankfort-on-Main,  Germany,  July  26,  1876.  Bloom- 
field  Academical  Dept. ;  N.B.S.  1901,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  1901,  Chapin,  Iowa, 
19CI-1905.  (Cincinnati,  Fairmount  Pres.  1905-11.)  Graduate  Student 
Lane  Sem.  1906-08.  Pekin  2d,  111.,  1911-13;  Dumont,  la.,  1914-10. 
P.P.  CI.  Miss.  1916.     Prof.  Greek  and  German,  Central  College,  Pella, 

•   la.,  1916-19.     Prin.  P.P.  College,  Meekin,  111.,  1919 .     M.A.  Univ. 

Cincinnati,  1909. 
Bosch,  G.  J.  H.C.  '05.  W.S.  1908.  1.  by  CI.  Iowa.  Lafayette,  Ind.,  1908-09. 
Newton,  Erie,  111.,  1909-12;  Grand  Rapids,  4th,  1912-15;  Steen,  Minn., 
1915-21  ;  Christian  Reformed  Church,  1921. 
Bosshart,  John  G.,  b.  Switzerland,  July  5,  1874.  University  Education, 
Seminary  Ref.  Ch.  in  Switzerland.  1.  by  CI.  of  West  N.  Y.  Ref. 
Ch.  U.S.  (Ref.  Ch.  U.S.,  Ridgeway,  Pa.,  N.Y.C.,  Sanford,  Ky.).     Far 

Rockaway,   Ger.   Evan.,    1916-18.      Newtown,   Ger.,    1918 . 

Boughton,  Chas.  M.     Tyre  (S.S.),  1905-22. 

Bouma,  Hessel,  b.  Oct.  6,  1884,  Harlingen,  Neth.  Calvin  C,  1912.  Ch. 
Ref.  Sem.  Grand  Rapids,  McCormick,  P.S.  1.  by  Pres.  Chicago  1915. 
(Fairgrove,    Pres.    1915-18).      P.G.,    P.S.,    1918-19.      Paterson    (Hoi.) 

1st,  1919 

Bouma,  Peter  A.  J.,  b.  Neth.,  July  14,  1862,  Kamplin,  Neth.  W.S.  1890,  1. 
CI.  Holland,  Grandville,  Mich.,  90-2,  Grand  Rapids,  4th,  91-4,  Boyden, 
94-8,  Chicago  (Gano),  1898-1903;  Morrison,  111.,  Ebenezer,  1903-08; 
Pella,  3d,   1908-11;    Holland,  4th,  1911-13;    Hull.  1914-19;    Muskegon, 

5th,   1919 

Bourne,    Geo.   b.    1780,   at   Westbury,    England;     Homerton    Sem.,    London, 
1804,  lie.  1804,  settled  in  Virginia  and  Maryland,  1804-..,  Germantown, 
Pa.,  Presbyt.,  18..-..,  Principal  of  Academy  at  Sing  Sing,  and  Pastor 
of   Presbyt.   Ch.,   18..-..,   Quebec,   Canada,   Cong.   Ch.   18.. -33    (S.S.), 
West  Farms,  1839-42,  d.  1845. 
He  was  an  outspoken  opponent  of  slavery  and  Romanism. 
He  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  periodicals  and  to  the  press ;    was  an 
author,  and  also  secured  the  republication  of  many  valuable  works,  editing 
them    himself.      His    knowledge   of    books    and    of    general    literature    was 
extensive.     He  died  suddenly  in  the  office  of  the  "Christian   Intelligencer," 
from  heart  disease.     His  principal  publications  are :    "A  Picture  of   Slav- 
ery,"  "Lectures  on  the   Church  of   Christ"  and   "Illustrations   of   Popery." 
Bovenkerk,  John,  b.  July  9,  1880,  in  Neth.     Univ.  of  Chicago,  1907.    W.T.S. 

1916.    1.  by  CI.  Wis.     Detroit,  1916-19,  Muskegon,  ist,  1919 

Publications    "De  Vragenbus"  in  DeHope. 
Boyce,  Donald,  b.  Ellenville,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  6,  1892.     Private  study.     In  Lan- 
caster Sem.,  Ref.  Ch.  U.S.  in  Class  of  1915.     Also  private  theo.  study 
because  of   impaired   health.     S.S.   Westerlo,    1914-1916.     1.   by   CI.   of 

Albany,  1916.     Westerlo,  1916 .     Clarksville,  S.S.,  1919 

Publications  :    Contributions  to  Int.  and  Leader. 
Boyd,  Hugh  M.     U.C.  1813,  Saratoga,  30-3,  Schagticoke,  35-41,  d.  1846. 
Boyd',    John    Campbell,    b.    Albany,    N.    Y..    March    2,    1836;     C.N.J.,    55. 
P.T.S.  '63,  Chaplain  U.S.A.  64  (Lake  George,  65  Pres.),  Fonda  65-70 
(Valatie  72-8,   Pres.),    (Kingsboro,  78-83,  Pres.),   S.S.  Auriesville  and 
Samsonville  1883-99.     d.  Oct.  12,  1901.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1902,  197. 
Boyd,  Joshua,  b.  Goshen,  N.  Y.,  March  10,  1785 ;    U.C.  1814,  studied  theol- 
ogy with  Dr.   McDowell,  of   Elizabeth,  N.  J.;    lie.   Presbyt.   Elizabeth, 
1826,  Miss,  to  Roxbury  and  Middletown,  N.  Y.,  26-7.  to  Herkimer  and 
Fallsburgh,  27-8,  Rotterdam,   ist  and  2nd,  28-36,  Rotterdam,  2d,  36-40, 
Middleburgh,   40-42,    Breakabin,    Germantown,    N.    Y.   42-49;     d.    Nov. 
3,   1874.     See  "Manual  of    1879." 
Boynton.    Arthur    Boardman,    b.    Auburndale,    Mass.,    Nov.    7,    1884.      A.C. 
'  1910,    N.B.S.    13.     1.    by    CI.    N.Y.    1913.      Port    Jervis,    2d,    1913-19- 

Y.M.C.A.  War  Work,  1918-1919;    Mohawk,  1919 

Boyse,    Gerard    Smith.     C.C.    1840,    N.B.S.    1842-3.     d. 


THE   MINISTRY  263 

Boyse,  Wm.     Miss,  to  Woodstock  and  Ashoken,  1826-9,  Woodstock,  29-37, 

d.    1853. — "Mag.    R.D.C.,"    ii,    376.      He    published    a    small    volume — 

"Writings   and    Letters,    Religious,    Historical    and    Pastoral,"    1838. 

Braak.   Peter.     H.C.    1899.     WS.    1902.      Hope,   Westfield,    N.D.,    1902-05; 

Grace,  Grand  Rapids,  1905-08;    CI.  Miss.,  Wisconsin,  1908-12;    Chicago, 

West   Side,    1912-16;     Pella,  3d,   1916-1920;     Lansing,    III.,    1920 

Braam,  Leonard  M.    W.T.S.  1920.    P.S.  1921.   1.  by  CI.  Pella,  1920.   Accord, 

N.Y.,   1921 

Brace,  Frederick  R.    Y.C.  '57,  Aub.  S.  '60.    1.  CI.  N.B.  i860.     1861  Presbyt. 

Bracker,  B.     Presbyterian.     Baileyville,   111.,   1911-14.     Pres.   Marion,   S.D., 

1914-16;    Superintendent   of    Home    Missions,    South    Dakota,    1916-19; 

Rudd,   la.,   1919-20.     Retired,   living  at   Denver,   Colo.,    1920 

Bradford,  John  M.   (s.  of  Rev.  Ebenezer,  Bradford,  of  Danbury),  b.  May 
15,  1781,  at  Hanover,  N.  J.;    Brown  Univ.,  1800,  studied  theology  under 
Dr.   Ashbel   Green,   of   Philadelphia;     lie.   Presbyt.    Philadelphia,    1803; 
tutor  in  C.N. J.,   1803-4,  Albany,   1805-20;    died  1827,  March  27. 
He  was  a  man  of  fine  appearance,  dignified  manners  and  was  an  eloquent 
and  impressive  preacher.     Few  men  have  been  better  fitted  by  natural  en- 
dowments for  the  position  of  a  public  speaker.     His  voice  was  uncommonly 
melodious  and  his  gesticulation  dignified  and  graceful.     His  style  was  rich 
and  yet  chaste;  and  his  sermons  were  compositions  of  a  high  order.     For 
years  he  commanded  large  audiences  and  was   reckoned  among  the  distin- 
guished pulpit  orators  of  the  day.     He  was  elected  a  trustee  of   Queen's 
C»ll.   1807.     "Mag.   R.D.C.,  i.  72.     "Sketch  in   Sprague's  Annals,"  by   Dr. 
Matthews.     "Johnson's  Sketch  of  Ch.  Albany,"  28. 

Publications:  "The  School  of  the  Prophets:  A  Sermon  before  Bd. 
Supts.,"  1813.  (This  contains  valuable  historical  notes  on  Phillip's  Acad- 
emy, Dr.  Mason's  Sem.,  etc.,  with  the  important  address  of  Gen.  Syn., 
1807,  to  the  churches.)  Also  a  "Sermon  on  the  Struggle  of  the  Dutch  for 
Emancipation,"  1814,  and  "The  Word  of  Life,"  1817.  Art.  on  Dr.  Linn 
in  "Sprague's  Annals." 
Bradford,  W.  J.     Lysander,   1849-55. 

Bradshaw,  Archibald  Harmon,  b.  Indianapohs,  Ind.,  Aug.  18,  1870 ; 
Franklin  Coll.  Ind.,  92;  P.S.  95.  Vermilye  Chapel  of  N.  Y.  Collegiate 
Ch.  95-19C0,  Assist.  Pastor,  29th  St.  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C,  1900-03.  Became 
Episcopalian. 
Braithwaite,  Thomas  S.,  b.  England,  1865.  East  Keswick,  England,  1889, 
Headingley,  England,  1893.  Ord.  by  Manhattan  Cong.  Ass.  1890.  East 
Rockaway,  L.  I.,  1890-98;  Memorial  Ch.,  Wantagh,  L.  I.,  1899-1916). 
Lyonsville  and  Krumsville,  N.Y.,  1920-21.  Chaplain  of  two  Fire 
Departments. 
Branch,   Henry,  New  Haven.   1869-72. 

Brandau,   J.    H..   b.    Hessen,    Nassau.    Germany,    Dubuque    Col.,    la.,    1907. 
Dubuque  Sem.,   1910.     1.  by  Pres.  Waukon,   1910.    Professor  Dubuque 

Col.,  1910-18.     Rcc'd  from  Pres.  Dumont,  la.,  1918 

Brandow,  John  Henry,  b.  Windham,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  20,  1853 ;  R.C.,  83, 
N.B.S.  86.  1.  CI.  Greene;  Mohawk,  86-88  (Oneonta,  N.  Y.,  88-95, 
Presbyt.),  Schuylerville,  N.  Y.,  1895-1905;  Schoharie,  1905-08;  Syn. 
Supt.  P.S.  Albany,  1908-21.  d.  Oct.  14.  Member  Bd.  Superintendents 
N.B.S.,  Pres.  P.S. A.  1906,  Member  Federal  Council  of  Ch.  Trustees 
N.Y.  State  Historical  Society. 
Publications:  "The  Story  of  Old  Saratoga,"  1901.  2d  Ed.  1920.  Many 
articles   for  the  Intelligencer. 

Mr.  Brandow  was  a  man  of  strong  character  and  wisdom. 
Brandow,  Melvin,  b.  Coxsackie,  N.  Y..  Sept.   12.   1863.     R.C.  '88.     N.B.S. 
88-9.       Meadville     Sem.     1904.       Unitarian,     Lancaster,     Pa.,    1904-08; 
Plymouth,    Mass.,    1908-10. 
Publication  :   "The  Steps  of  Life,"  1907. 


264  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Brandt,  Henry  W.     N.B.S.  1862,  1.  CI.  N.B.  62;    Miss,  to  Belgium,  62-65, 

Miss,  in  South  Africa,   1865-1890. 
Brett,  Cornelius  (s.  of  P.  M.  Brett),  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  Nov.  25,  1842;    N.Y.U. 
62,  N.  B.  S.  6s,  1.   S.  CI.  L.  I. ;    Flatlands,  65-70,  Newark,  2d,  70-73, 

Montgomery  73-76,   Bergen,    1876-1918.      P.Em.    1918 .     d.   Feb.   24, 

1922.    Pres.  Gen.  Syn.,  1893.    Pres.  Bd.  Domestic  Mission.     Pres.  Coun- 
cil   of    H.C.      Pres.    Society    C.E.      Chaplain    4th    Regiment    National 
Guards,  Chaplain  Society  Colonial  Wars  of  N.  J.     D.D.  Ursinus  C.  89. 
R.C.  1916. 
See  Brick  Ch.   (Montgomery)   Memorial,  p.  82. 

Publications:  "Address  at  Funeral  of  Rev.  Dr.  B.  C.  Taylor,"  1881 ; 
"Sermons;  at  50  Anniver.  of  Settlement  of  Dr.  P.  D.  Van  Cleef,"  1900. 
"Contributions  to  the  Press,"  "Add.  at  150th  Anniv.  of  Ch.  of  Montgomery, 
N.  Y.,"  1882. 

Brett,  Philip  Milledoler  (grandson  of  Dr.  Milledoler),  b.  in  N.Y.C.,  1818; 
R.C.  1834;  N.B.S.  1838,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1838;  Nyack,  1838-42,  St.  Thomas, 
W.I.,  1842-46,  Mt.  Pleasant,  N.  Y.,  1846-51,  Tompkinsville,  1851-60,  d. 
D.D.  by  R.C.   1858. 
"He  was   a  very   successful   and   able   minister,   of   an   elevated   tone   of 
piety,  of  great  consistency  of  character,  universally  beloved  and  respected 
both  in  his  own  congregation  and  out  of  it.     He  discovered  a  peculiar  fond- 
ness  for  the  great   leading  doctrines  of  grace,  which   formed  a  prominent 
staple    of    his    discourses.      Toward    the    close   of    his    days    there    was    a 
peculiar    maturity   and    hsavenly    mindedness    about    him    which    seemed   to 
betoken  his  early  departure.     He  had  a  clear,  lucid  mind  and  his  ministra- 
tions were  greatly  blessed.     His  affectionate  manner  gave  special  power  to 
his  ministrations." 

His  wife  (a  great  grand-daughter  of  Domine  Ritzema)  became  a  victim 
to  the  yellow  fever  at  St.  Thomas.  Dr.  Brett  received  a  second  pressing 
invitation  to  settle  again  on  that  island,  but  declined.  That  people  then  re- 
quested him  to  print  them,  at  their  expense,  a  volume  of  his  sermons.  This 
he  did  under  the  title,  "A  Souvenir  of  a  Three  Years'  Ministry  in  R.D.C. 
of  St.  Thomas,"  pp.  334.  New  York :  1856.  He  was  also  editor  of  the 
Staten  Island  Chronicle,"  1856-8.  Several  other  sermons  of  his  are 
printed,  among  which  we  mention  "The  Mutual  Responsibilities  of  Pastor 
and  People"  and  "The  Retrospect :    Two  Sermons,"  1854,  1855. 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Bridges,    Thomas   Reed.      Rec'd   from   Pres.      South   Ch.,   N.Y.C.,    1906-14. 

Became  Episcopalian. 
Brinckerhoff,  J.  Howard,  b.  Jersey  City,  Feb.  4,   1883.     R.C.  1905.     N.B.S. 
1908.    1.  by  CI.  S.  Bergen,  1908.     Herkimer,  1908-17;    Brighton  Heights, 

1917 

Brink,  Henry  Wells,  b.  Katsbaan,  N.  Y.,  July  3,  1875;  R-C.  96,  N.B.S. 
99,  1.  CI.  Ulster;  West  New  Hempstead,  1899-1906;  Shandaken  and 
Shokan,    1906-14;     West   Hurley   and   Woodstock,    1914-19;     Gardiner, 

1919 .     S.C.   CI.  of   Kingston. 

Brink,  John  W.,  b.  Maurice,  la.,  1885.  H.C.  1912.  W.T.S.  1915.  1-  by  CI. 
Iowa,    1915.     North   Marion,    N.D.,    1915-19;     Emmanuel,    Springfield, 

S.  D.,  1919 

Brinkerhofif,    Geo.    G.,   b.   at    Closter,    N.    J.,    1761  ;     studied    under    Meyer, 
Romeyn  and  Froeligh,  1.  by  the  Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1788;    Miss,  to  the 
north,   1789,   Conewago,   Pa.,   1789-93,   Kakeat  and   Ramapo,    1793-1806, 
Ramapo,  1806-7,  Owasco,   1808-12.     d.  1813,  May  29. 
His  congregation  at  Conewago  was  broken  up  by  the  almost  total  emi- 
gration of  his  people  to  Kentucky  and  the  Genesee  Country,  N.  Y.,  where 
his  older  brother  settled  in   Cayuga  Co.,  and  whither  he  made  a  mission- 
ary tour  in  1796.     Many  of  his  letters  and  documents  came  to  his  grand- 
son, John  M.  Brinkerhofif,  of  Moravia,  N.  Y.     He  was  a  constant  corre- 
spondent of  Van  Harlingen,  Froeligh,  etc.,  1786-1810.     See  "The  Family  of 
Joris  D.  Brinkerhofif:    a  Genealogy,"   1887.     See  also  "Manual  of   1879." 


THE    MINISTRY  265 

Brinkerhoff,   Jas.   G.,  b.    1796;     studied   under    Froeligh,    1819;     Montville, 
21-4,    seceded,    suspended     (Montville,    24,    English    Neighborhood,    24, 
Montville,  25-8,   Montville  and   Paramus,   28-30,   Paramus  and   Clarks- 
town,   30-40,    Paramus,   40-44,    Mt.    Morris,    1844-..).      Died    1879. 
Brinkman,   Benjamin   F.,  b.    Graasfschap,   Mich.,   May  3,    1863.     Ord.  and 
served   in    U.P.C.     W.T.S.    1906.      Chicago.    Englewood,    2d,    1906-10; 
Pella,  2d,  1911-17;    Financial  Agent,  Central  Col.;    Cleveland,  Calvary, 
1919-21.     d.  March  5.     See  Min.   Gen.   Syn.,    1921,   637. 
Brock,  John  R.,  b.  1831,  at  Newbury,  Vt. ;  R.C.  59,  N.B.S.  62.  1.  CI.  Passaic; 
West  New  Hempstead,  62-5,  Spring  Valley,  65-9,  w.  c.   d.  1872,  Aug.  7. 
Brock,  T.  S.,  b.  Jan.  22,  1873.     Wesleyan  Univ.  1898.     N.B.S.  190S— Meth- 
odist. 
Brocklos,  Albert.     Rec'd  from  Pres.  191 1.     Ave  B.  Ger.,  N.Y.C.,  1911-13; 

Dis.  M.E.  Ch.,  1914.     Dead. 
Brodhead,  Jacob,  b.  at  Marbletown,  N.  Y.,  May  14,  1782;    U.C.  1801,  tutor 
in  U.C.   1802,   studied  theology  under   Froeligh  and   D.   Romeyn,  1.   CI. 
Albany,   1804;    Rhinebeck  Flats,   1804-9,  New  York,   1809-13.   Philadel- 
phia, Crown  St.,  13-26,  New  York,  Broome  St.,  26-37,  Flatbush,  Ulster 
Co.,  37-41,  Brooklyn,  Central,  41-6,  d.  1855,  June  5.    D.D.  by  Q.C.  181 1. 
Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1812. 
His  ministry  was  more  successful,  it  is  thought,  than  that  of  any  other 
minister  in  the  annals  of  our  church.     During  thirty-four  years  he  received 
the  average  number  of  twenty-four  persons   annually   into  the  church  on 
profession  of  faith.     Some  of  his  churches  were  also  new  or  feeble  when 
he  took  charge  of  them.     See  "Commem.  Ser.  by  Dr.  Bethune" ;  "Address 
by  Dr.  T.  De  Witt" ;    "Sketches  in  Sprague's  Annals  by  Drs.  Bethune  and 
Van    Santvoord"    and    in    "Gunn's    Livingston,"    Ed.    1856,    p.    391.      "Van 
Santvoord's    Discourses    and    Miscellanies,"    1858.      "Collegiate    Ch.    Year 
Book,"  1892,  95. 

Publications:  Several  sermons  of  his  were  published:  "Introductory," 
Philadelphia,  1813.  "A  Pha  for  the  Poor,"  1814;  for  the  benefit  of  the 
Female  Hospital  Soc.  "A  Discourse  on  Education,"  1831.  An  address 
at  the  interment  of  Rev.  G.  A.  Kuypers,  1833,  and  a  few  others.  "A  New- 
Year  Memorial";  sermon  in  Crown  St.  Ch.,  Philadelphia,  1826.  A  sermon 
before  Gen.  Synod,  in  "Mag.  of  Refd.  D.  Ch.,"  October,  1826.  "Thanks- 
giving Sermon,"  in  Broome  St.,  N.  Y.  C,  1830. 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Brodhead,   Wm.   H.      S.S.   at   Woodside,    1880-2. 

Broek,  Albertus  Theodore,  b.  Coopersville,  Mich.,  Jan.  7,  1878  (son  of  Rev. 
D.  Broek).  H.C.  1900.  N.B.S.  1903.  1.  by  CI.  Grand  River.  New- 
burgh,  N.  Y.,  1903-08;    Newark,  Clinton  Ave..  1908-22,  Mount  Vernon, 

1922 .     D.D.  by  Central  Col.  1921.     Pres.  Bd.  of  Education.  1920. 

Publications:  Sermons  and  Address.  50th  anniversary  of  Clinton  Ave. 
Ref.  Ch.,  Newark. 

Broek,   Dirk,  b.  in  Netherlands,  Feb.   5,   1835;    R.C.  61,  N.B.S.  64.  1.  CI. 
Holland ;    Graaf  schap,  65-70.  Saugatuck,  70-5,  Cleveland,  75-6,  Polkton, 
76-80,  Holland,  3d,  80-8.'  Detroit,  88-92,  Grandville,  1892-1903.    d.  Nov. 
II.     Member  of  Council  of  H.C,  Bd.  Sup.  W.T.S. 
He  was  a  man  of  faith,  a  careful  and  edifying  preacher  and  a  vigorous 
writer.      He  was   a   great   friend   of   missions. 
Min.   Gen.    Syn.,    1904,   831. 

Publications:  Many  articles  in  "De  Hope."  On  editorial  staff  of 
"De  Hope,"   1895-1903. 

Broek.  John,  b.  Nieuw  Leuzen,  Overyssel,  Neths.,  July  28,  1841  ;  H.C.  68, 
W.S..71.  1.  CI.  Holland;  ord.  by  same,  "^2;  Beaverdam,  Mich.,  72-84, 
Milwaukee,  Wis..  84-93,  South  Holland,  1893-1905.  Muskegon,  3d, 
M'ch.,  190S — — .  Member  of  Council  H.C,  1893-1905;  Member  Bd. 
Supt.  W.T.S. 
Publications:    Articles  in  "De  Hope." 


266  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Broek,  John  Y.,  b.  Cooperville,  Mich.,  Sept.  13,  1880  (son  of  Rev.  D. 
Broek).     Alma  C.  1903.     N.B.S.  1906.     1.  by  CI.  Grand  River.     Asbury 

Park,    1906-08;     Plainfield,   Trinity,    1908 .    Pres.    Bd.    Trustees   CI. 

Newark   1918— — .     Member  Bd.   D.M.   1912 ;   and   Executive   Com. 

1919.     Member  Advisory  Com.  N.  J.  C.E.  Union.     Member  Ch.  Ex.,  CI. 
Newark,    1910 — chairman    1912. 
Publications:    "Hist.  Grand  Ave.  Ref.  Ch,,  Asbury  Park,"  1907.     "The 

Mission  of  the  Ch,"   1907.     Several  anniversary  and  other  sermons.     "Im- 
pressions   Abroad"    and    "Memorial    Address    of    Rev.    Cornelius    Schenck, 

Ph.D.,"  1920.     Many  articles  in  press. 

Broekstra,  Martin  E.,  b.  Neths.,  July  3,  1872.  Theolog.  School,  Kampen, 
Neths.  1893;  W.S.  1897,  1.  CI.  la.;  Hull,  la.,  97-1900,  Grand  Rapids, 
7th,  1900-1905.  Chicago,  Englewood,  ist,  1905-08;  Morrison,  III., 
Ebenezer,    1908-11;     Jamestown,    ist,    1911-14;     Holland,   4th,    1914-18; 

Chicago,  1st,  1918- 

Publication  :    Weekly  contributions  to  "De  Hope." 

Broeffle,  J.  L.  (or  Preffle),  Canajoharie,  1784-8,  Schoharie,  1788-95;  also 
Lawyersville,  1790-5;    Beaverdam,  1789-95. 

Brokaw,  Abram,  b.  1761 ;  Q.C.  1793,  studied  theol.  under  Livingston; 
Owasco,   1796-1808,  Ovid,   1808-22,  susp. ;    seceded,  d.   1846,  July   17. 

Brokaw,  Arthur  P.  (son  of  Rev.  Isaac  P.  Brokaw),  b.  Jersey  City,  Sept. 
7,  1878.  R.C.  1900.  N.B.S.  1904.  1.  by  CI.  Monmouth  1904.  Miss, 
to  Indians.  Ass.  Pastor,  Colony,  Okl.  d.  Sept.  2,  1905.  Min.  Gen. 
Syn.,  1906,  598. 

Brokaw,  Isaac  P.,  b.  at  Mi'ddlebush,  N.  J.,  July  27,  1845;    R.C.  66,  N.B.S. 
69,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;    Newark,  East,  69-74,  South  Bergen,  74-9,  Dec,  Free- 
hold, 2d,   Jan.,   1879-1905.     P.E.   1905-16.     d.   Aug.   19.     D.D.   by   R.C. 
1891.     Stated  Clerk  P.S.   N.B.   1889-1914. 
He  overcame  weakness  of   body  by   Christian  devotion.     His   spirit   was 

gentle  and  cheerful  and  his  influence  for  good  profound.     Min.  Gen.  Syn., 
1917,  253- 
Publications  :    Occasional  sermons. 

Brokaw,  Ralph  Watson  (brother  of  Isaac  P.  Brokaw).  b.  at  Middlebush, 
Feb.  14,  1855;  R.C.  74.  N.B.S.  77,  1-  CI.  N.B.;  Herkimer.  77-82,  Belle- 
ville,  82-8    (Springfield,    Mass.    (Hope   Cong.    Ch.),   88-98,    Utica,    ist 

Presbyt.),  98 .     S.T.D.  Ham.  Col.,  1903. 

Publications:     Sermons,   articles   in   various   periodicals,   "Memorial   of 

Rev.  G.  H.  Griffin,  of  Springfield,   Mass." 

Bronk.  Robert,  b.  at  Coxsackie,  1789;  C.N.J.  1810,  N.B.S.  13,  1.  CI.  N.B. ; 
Washington  and  Boght,  13-23,  Washington  (or  West  Troy),  23-34,  d. 
1837.     See  "Manual,"  of  1879. 

Bronson,  Asahel,  b.  1794;  ord.  1816;  Wyantskill,  1833-6,  Fairfield,  36-8, 
Easton,  N.  Y.,  38-9,  Amity,  40-2.     Died  1882. 

Bronson,    Oliver.      U.C.    1845,    Kinderhook,    54-7,    Presbyt.;    d.    i860. 

Brook.     See  Broek. 

Brooks,- Jesse  Wendell,  b.  Cheshire,  Ct.,  Sept.  26,  1858;  R.C.  81,  U.S.  84; 
ord.  by  Cong.  Manhattan  Assoc,  Oct.  28,  84  (Bay  Shore,  L.  I.,  84-7, 
Brooklyn,  Stuyvesant  Av.,  87-8)  ;  East  New  York,  88-94,  Irving  Park, 
Chicago,  94-8,  Sec  Am.  Tract  Society,  Chicago,  1898-1914.  President 
Union  Missionary  Training  Institute,  Brooklyn,  1914-16.  Again  Sec. 
Am.  Tract  Society,  Chicago,  1916-20.  d.  July  22.  He  was  especially 
qualified  for  his  work  in  the  Tract  Society.  He  was  very  successful 
and  became  widely  known.  Ph.D.,  N.Y.U.,  1889.  See  M.  G.  S.,  1921, 
629. 
Publications  :    Magazine  and  Review  Articles. 

Brouwer,  Jacob  G..  b.  North  Holland.  H.C.  1904.  W.T.S.  1907.  1.  by 
CI.  Holland.  Otley,  la.,  1907-10;  Lynden,  Wash.,  1911-15;  Grand- 
ville,  Mich.,  1916-19;  Detroit,  Mich.,  1919-20;  Grand  Rapids,  Imman- 
uel,    1920 


THE   MINISTRY  267 

Brower,  Cornelius,  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  1770;  C.C.  1792,  studied  under  Living- 
ston, I.  CI.  N.Y.,  1793;  Poughkeepsie  and  Stoutenburgh,  1794-1808, 
supplied  Hyde  Park,  1808-12,  Prof,  in  High  School  at  Utica,  and  S.S. 
at  Frankfort,  15-33,  supplied  frequently  Arcadia,  Gorham,  and  Tyre, 
33-45;    d.      See   Manual,    1902. 

Brower,  Stephen  H.  Studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  1.  1806;  Greenwich, 
N.   Y.  C.    (S.S.?),   1806-7. 

Brower,  Thomas.     Schenectady,  1715-28;    d. 

Brown,  C.     1840. 

Brown,  Claude  Norton,  b.  April  15,  1878,  Barnerville,  N.  Y.  Candidate 
C\.  Schoharie,  1902-03.  U.C.  1904.  Became  a  school  teacher,  d. 
March  5,  1912. 

Brown,  Ernest  R.,  b.  Woodbridge,  N.  J.,  Aug.  4,  1871.  N.B.S.  1897-1900 
(Pres.). 

Brown,  Frederic  Adolphus  Miller,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  Sept.  27,  1835;  U.C.  i860; 
U.T.S.  1863  (ord.  bv  3d  Presbv.  N.  Y.,  May  15,  1864;  Parsippany,  N. 
J.,  1863-6;  Delhi,  N.  Y.,  1866-82,  Little  Falls,  N.  Y.,  1882-7)  ;  Pough- 
keepsie, 2d,  N.  Y.,  1887-9  (New  Haven,  Ct.,  ist  Presb.,  1890 ),  D.D. 

bv  U.C,   1888. 

Brown,  Henry  J.,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia,  1859;    Miss,  to  Battle  Creek,  1859-62; 
Episcopalian. 
Publications:    Sermon  on  "Temperance  in  Relation  to  Current  Events," 

1859. 

Brown,  John  Alexander,  b.  Newtownards,  Co.  Down,  Ireland,  Ap.  18, 
1865;  New  Windsor  College,  Md.,  1893,  P.S.  96,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  West 
Jersey  (Presbyt.,  Williamstown,  96-99),  Jersey  City,  Van  Vorst  Ch., 
1899-1905.  Clifton,  1906-07,  Grand  Rapids,  ist,  1907-18.  War  Work 
Council  Special  Lecturer.  1918-19.  Gen.  Sec.  Y.M.C.A.,  E.  St.  Louis, 
111.,  1919-20.  Interchurch  World  Movement,  Mgr.  Service  (Clayton, 
N.  J.,  Pres.,  1920). 
Publications:    "Remarks  at  50th  Anniv.  of   Settlements  of   Dr.   P.   D. 

Van    Cleef,"    1900.      Many   articles    for   the   press. 

Brown,  Josiah  J.,  b.  Newark,  N.  J.,  Aug.  29,  1839.  R.C.  60,  N.B.S.  65-6. 
U.S.  66-8.     Presbyterian. 

Brown.  Samuel  Robbins,  D.  D.,  b.  at  East  Windsor,  Conn.,  June  16,  1810; 
Y.C.  32,  Columbia  Sem.  S.C.  and  U.S.  38.  1.  by  3d  Presbyt.  N.  Y.  38; 
also  teacher  in  N.  Y.  Inst,  for  Deaf  and  Dumb,  34-8 ;  Manager  of  the 
Morrison  Chinese  School  for  Boys,  at  Canton,  China,  38-47 ;  returned 
to  America,  Owasco  Outlet,  51-9;  Kanagawa,  59-63;  Yokohoma, 
66-7,  Miss,  teacher  and  acting  pastor  of  ist  Refd.  (Union)  Ch.  in  Japan, 
62-7;  supplying  Owasco  Outlet,  68-9;  in  charge  of  a  government 
school  in  Nigata,  69-70;  teaching  and  also  translating  the  Scrip- 
tures at  Yokohoma,  70 ;  returned  to  America,  July,  79 ;  died  at  Munson, 
Mass.,  June  19,  1880. 
Dr.  Brown  was  a  pathfinder  in  three  great  enterprises  of  moment  to  the 

kingdom  of   God  on  earth.     He  was  the  pioneer  of   Christian  education  in 

China,   of   women's  colleges   in  America,   and  of   Christian   and   theological 

education   in  Japan.     His   mother   was   Phoebe   Hinsdale   Brown,   author   of 

the  familiar  hymn,  written  at  East  Ellington,  Conn.,  in  August,   1818: 

"I  love  to  steal  a  while  away 
From  children  and  from  care," 

and  the  future  missionary  was  one  of  these  "children,"  and  then  eight  years 
old. 

He  sailed,  in  1838,  in  company  with  Dr.  David  Abeel,  who  was  going 
out  on  his  second  voyage.  Dr.  Brown  took  hold  of  the  school,  continuing 
it  with  tact  and  ability,  first  at  Canton  and  then  at  Hong  Kong,  until 
1847.  when  the  failure  of  his  wife's  health  compelled  his  return.     He  went 


268  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

through  the  trying  experiences  of  the  "opium  war"  of  1844,  during  which 
time  his  house  was  attacked  by  pirates  and  he  received  a  sHght  sword 
wound  in  the  side  at  the  hands  of  a  Chinese  ruffian,  while  his  family 
saved  their  lives  by  hiding  in  the  garden.  When  he  came  to  America  he 
brought  with  him  three  Chinese  lads,  one  of  them  being  the  celebrated  Yung 
Wing,  who  afterward  was  the  means  of  having  six  score  Chinese  lads 
brought  to  the  United  States  for  instruction  in  American  schools.  There, 
at  Monson,  Mass.,  in  1848,  in  a  house  directly  across  the  road  from  his  old 
home,  was  the  beginning  of  Chinese  education  in  America.  While  in  his 
native  country  Dr.  Brown  took  charge  of  the  academy  at  Rome,  N.  Y.,  and 
in  1851  accepted  the  call  to  become  pastor  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church 
at  Owasco  outlet.  The  parish  was  feeble  and  dependent,  so  the  new  pastor 
secured  possession  of  a  small  farm,  now  Springside,  and  established  a 
boarding  school  to  aid  in  his  support.  His  exceptional  talent  as  a  leader 
and  organizer  was  soon  manifested  in  a  flourishing  school  and  a  growing 
independent  church,  so  that  a  new  edifice  was  built,  which  was  dedicated 
July  27,  1855.  Among  his  parishioners  and  friends  were  Miss  Caroline 
Adriance,  Miss  Mary  E.  Kidder  (later  Mrs.  Edward  Rothsay  Miller),, 
and  Miss  Maria  Manion  of  the  German  Church  (later  Mrs.  Guido  F. 
Verbeck),  names  honored  in  the  story  of  Japan's  Christianization.  It  was 
natural,  with  such  an  example  in  his  mother  of  eagerness  for  culture  and 
ability  to  receive  it,  that  Samuel  R.  Brown  should  be  interested  in  the 
higher  education  of  women.  Soon  he  began,  with  other  friends,  to  agitate 
the  formation  of  a  woman's  college,  which  ultimately  bore  fruit  in  the 
"Elmira  Female  College,  chartered  by  the  Legislature,  and  the  first  insti- 
tution of  its  grade  and  name  in  America.  Thus,  with  the  work  of  the 
higher  education  of  American  women.  Dr.  Brown's  name  will  always  be 
honorably  associated.  He  was  one  of  the  first  trustees,  and  for  several  years 
one  of  the  most  active  friends  and  promoters  of  this  flourishing  institution, 
the  Elmira  College. 

When  the  news  of  Commodore  Perry's  success  in  opening  the  Japanese 
Empire  to  diplomacy  reached  him,  the  old  missionary  fire  burned  up 
brightly,  and  he  offered  himself  to  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions  of  the 
Reformed  Church.  Through  Rev.  Dr.  Hawley,  of  Auburn,  he  discovered 
and  attracted  for  a  co-worker  Guido  F.  Verbeck,  a  Hollander,  just  grad- 
uating from  Auburn  Seminary.  After  a  voyage  of  181  days  he  reached 
Japan  and  established  himself  at  Kanagawa,  and  later  at  Yokohoma.  He 
began,  almost  entirely  without  the  aid  of  books,  the  mastery  of  the  Jap- 
anese language,  soon  becoming  fluent  and  in  time  one  of  the  most  correct, 
forceful,  and  agreeable  speakers  of  this  difficult,  and,  in  many  respects, 
remarkable  language. 

Dr.  Brown  had  the  great  gift  of  making  the  Bible  incidents  and  narra- 
tives seem  as  though  they  were  part  of  their  native  literature,  yet,  also,  as 
if  inspired  by  direct  revelation  from  God.  For  several  years  he  was  a  self- 
supporting  missionary,  because  the  government  authorities  needed  inter- 
preters and  wished  Dr.  Brown  to  organize  and  continue  the  school  at  Yoko- 
hama, in  which  he  had  the  active  and  invaluable  assistance  of  his  daughters 
and  also  of  Miss  Mary  Kidder  and  Miss  Winn,  his  niece.  In  this  school 
were  educated  scores  of  young  men,  who  became  prominent  in  the  Mikado's 
Empire — merchants,  doctors,  lawyers,  editors,  reformers,  ministers,  and 
many  who  have  left  their  ineffaceable  mark,  for  the  better,  upon  the  moral 
and  spiritual  life  of  Japan.  From  the  very  first  Dr.  Brown  was  interested 
in  the  translation  of  the  Bible  and  in  theological  education.  He  was  thus 
one  of  the  potent  influences  which  led  to  the  formation  of  the  Meiji  Gakuin, 
or  hall  of  learning  of  the  era  of  enlightened  civilization,  now  in  Tokyo,  in 
the  Theological  Department  of  which  so  many  young  men  have  been  edu- 
cated for  the  native  ministry  in  Japan. 

Dr.  Brown  inherited  something  of  his  mother's  poetical  genius.  He 
wrote  occasional  and  fugitive  poems,  and  composed  the  tune  "Monson"  for 


THE    MINISTRY  269 

his  mother's  hymn,  and  the  music  for  the  poem  "The  Sister's  Call,"  which 
he  wrote  after  the  death  of  his  oldest  sister.  He  was  always  attractive  to 
the  young,  and  of  him  the  Japanese  proverh  is  true.     He  had 

"The  heart  of   the  three-year  child  in  the  sage  of   sixty." 

Dr.  Brown's  first  translations  of  the  Bible  perished  in  the  flames  at  the 
burning,  in  1867,  of  his  house  at  Yokohama,  when  he  lost  all  his  effects,  in- 
cluding books  and  papers.  He  then  returned  to  America  and  his  addresses 
were  powerful  and  enlightening,  stirring  up  great  interest  in  the  island  em- 
pire of  Japan,  meanwhile  serving  as  pastor  at  Owasco  Outlet,  in  the  church 
of  his  first  love.  Returning  again  in  1869  he  began  in  earnest  the  transla- 
tion of  the  New  Testament,  which  he  lived  to  see  finished,  in  revision,  even 
to  the  last  word  of  Revelation.  Shortly  after  reaching  Yokohama  the  gov- 
ernment invited  him  to  take  charge  of  a  school  at  Niigata  on  the  west  coast 
and  furnished  him  with  an  escort  overland.  The  journey  was  one  of  great 
interest,  but  he  returned,  after  a  year,  and  at  Yokohama  acted  as  pastor 
of  the  Union  Church  on  the  Perry  Treaty  ground,  kept  on  at  translation 
and  Bible  exposition,  and  began  a  theological  class,  which  he  taughi  in  his 
own  house.  He  took  great  interest  in  the  formation  and  work  of  the 
Asiat'c  Society  of  Japan,  of  which  he  was  for  some  time  the  president. 
Not  the  least  among  the  gifts  arid  graces  of  Dr.  Brown  were  those  which 
enabled  him  to  disarm  the  hostility  of  natives  toward  missionaries  and  mis- 
sionary work,  which  is  so  often  manifested  toward  people  from  Christian 
lands  in  the  Far  East;  for  native  prejudices  are  often  violently  increased  by 
the  lack  of  tact  on  the  part  of  certain  missionaries  who  make  their  limita- 
tions very  noticeable.  Though  never  of  a  vigorous  constitution,  Dr.  Brown, 
by  wisdom  and  care  and  the  assiduous  devotion  of  his  partner  in  life,  was 
able  to  maintain  good  health.  A  year  or  two  before  he  left  Japan  forever  his 
infirmities  began  to  be  manifest,  and,  the  local  physicians  giving  little  aid 
or  encouragement,  he  returned  home.  After  having  twice  traversed  the 
globe,  vis.t.ng  his  old  home  in  Monson,  Mass.,  on  his  way  to  Yale  com- 
mencement, at  the  house  of  a  friend  he  retired  to  rest,  to  wake  no  more  on 
earth,  and  was  buried,  as  he  had  always  longed  to  be,  beside  his  mother,  in 
the  cemetery  and  family  lot  only  a  few  rods  away  from  his  old  home.  Two 
Japanese  graves  are  near  his  own.  His  widow  survived  him  until  Sept.  3, 
1890. 

For  a  fuller  sketch  and  list  of  his  publications  see  Manual,   1902. 
Brown,  Theodore  Sedgwick,  b.  at  Canaan,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  13,  1824;    U.C.  44, 
P.   S.  47,   lie.  .  .  .  (Presb.   New   Concord  and   Canaan,   47-54.    Plainfield 
(Crescent  Av.),  54-67,   Brooklyn,   Memorial   Presbyt.,  67-74,   Dunellen, 
74-80),  Chatham,  N.  Y.,  80-97;   d.  Jan.  14. 
See  Manual,   1902. 
Brown,  Walter  Scott,  b.  at  Kirkmichael,   Scotland,  Dec.   13,   1834;    C.N.J. 
60,  P.S.  63,  1.  Presbyt.  Hud.son,  63 ;    City  Miss.  N.B.,  63-4  (White  Lake, 
N.  Y.,  Presbyt.,  64-7),  Fallsburgh,  67-88,  S.S.  at  Clarksville  and  Onis- 

quethaw,   88-91    (Sand   Lake,   Presb.,   91 ) 

Publications:  Art.  on  "Refd.  Ch.  Fallsburgh,"  in  "Quinlan's  Hist.  Sul- 
livan Co."     Also  many  articles  for  the  press. 

Brown,  Willard  D.,  b.  Seward,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  15,  1874.  U.C.  1900.  N.B.S. 
1903.  1.  by  CI.  Schoharie,  Middletown,  N.  J.,  1903-05  Passaic,  North, 
1905-20.  GeH.  Sec.  Progress  Campaign,  1920.  Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  of  Edu- 
cation   R.C.A.,    1920 .      Member    Bd.    of    Publication.      Agent    for 

Progress  Campaign   P.S.   N.B.   1919-20.     Minister  in  charge  Am.   Ref. 
Ch.,  Hague,  Hoi.,  1914.     Member  Editorial   Staff  Mission  Field,   Intel- 
ligencer.    D.D.  by  H.C.  1921. 
Publications  :    Many  articles  for  the  press,  Progress  Campaign  and  Bd. 
of  Education. 


270  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Brownlee,  F.  L.    Rec'd  from  Cong.  1915.    Greenville,  Scarsdale,  N.  Y.,  1915- 

16.    Dis.  to  Cong.  1916. 
Brownlee,  James    (nephew  of  Wm.  C.  Brownlee),  b.  at  Falkirk,   Scotland, 
Ap.   12,   1808;    Glasgow  University,   1826;    studied  theology  under  Dr. 
John  Dick,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  of  Kilmarnock,  Scotland,  1832;    home  Mis- 
sionary  in   the    Hebrides,    1832-4   came   to   America;     Port    Richmond, 

S.  I.,  1835-1890;    pastor  emeritus,  1890-5;    d.  Feb.  21.     D.D.  by 

He  was  pre-eminently  a  good  minister  of  Jesus  Christ.     His  pastorate  of 
55  years  at  Port  Richmond  was  singularly  successful. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  "Disc,  in  R.  P.  D.  C.  at  Port  Richmond,  S.  I.,  on  its 
2ooth  Anniversary,"  1865.  An  address  on  the  40th  anniversary  of  his  settle- 
ment at  Port  Richmond,  1875. 

Brownlee,  Wm.  Craig,  b.  in  Scotland,  1783;  University  of  Glasgow,  1808, 
1.  by  Presbyt.  Stirling,  Scotland,  1806?  (Mt.  Pleasant  and  Burgetts- 
town.  Pa.,  Assoc.  Refd.,  1808-13,  Philadelphia,  Walnut  St.  Assoc. 
Scotch,  1813-16;  rector  of  Academy  at  New  Brunswick,  1816-17,  Bas- 
kenridge,  N.  J.,  Presbyt.,  1818-25),  Prof,  of  Langs,  in  R.C.,  1825-6,  New 

York,  1826-48,  emeritus;    d.  i860.     D.D.  by 

He  was  an  able  minister  of  the  New  Testament.  Brought  up  amid  the 
early  religious  training  for  which  Scotch  Presbyterians  are  so  famous,  he 
devoted  himself  in  the  morning  of  his  life  to  the  Lord.  The  strong,  mascu- 
line theology  of  Paul,  Calvin,  Knox,  which  made  Scotland  what  it  was  and 
is,  became  intertwined  wijh  his  earliest  thoughts  and  affections.  In  the 
pages  of  the  Bible  and  in  the  volumes  of  the  Covenanters  and  Puritans  he 
found  the  principles  of  all  science  and  the  foundation  of  all  true  wisdom. 
He  conned  them  over  and  over,  early  and  late,  until  their  principles  be- 
came the  law  of  his  life.  This  fact  is  the  key  to  all  that  was  peculiar  in 
his  character;  and  whatever  estimate  may  be  formed  of  his  character  it  is 
certain  that  in  this  way  it  received  its  distinctive  impress.  In  all  his  prin- 
ciples, doctrines,  and  feelings  he  was  a  Covenanter  of  the  strongest  mould, 
and  his  earnest  and  honest  soul  clung  to  his  principles  as  the  shipwrecked 
sailor  clings  to  the  cliff.  His  preaching  was  strongly  doctrinal  and  argu- 
mentative, and  often  exhaustive  of  the  subject.  His  manner  in  the  pulpit 
was  earnest,  dignified,  and  impressive.  He  never  lowered  its  dignity  by 
unworthy  themes.  He  fed  the  people  with  knowledge  and  understanding, 
and  crowds  attended  his  ministrations.  From  a  full  soul,  that  had  a  rich 
experience  of  its  power,  he  poured  forth  the  truth  as  it  is  in  Jesus;  and, 
although  utterly  averse  to  the  histrionic  and  tinsel  of  the  pulpit,  he  was 
one  of  the  most  popular  preachers  of  his  day. 

For  a  fuller  sketch  and  list  of  publications,  see  Manual,  1902. 
Bruce,  Peter,  b.  New  Castle,  England,  Feb.  20,  1864;    Bible  Normal  School, 
Springfield,  Mass.,  93,  N.B.S.  1900,  1.  CI.  N.  Y.;  lay  assistant.  Middle 
Collegiate  Ch.  N.  Y.  C,  93-7;    Clover  Hill,  N.  J.,  1900-1904.     (Pres. 

Spring  Hill,  Tenn.,  1904 ). 

Bruce,- William    Paterson,   b.   Mercersburg,    Pa.,   Dec.   27,    1858;     R.C.   84, 
U.T.S.  87,  lie.  Presbyt.  N.  Y. ;    ord.  by  S.  CI.   Bergen,  Jan.   12,   1887; 
Greenville,  Jersey  City,   1887-95,  Yonkers,   Park  Hill,   1895-1917.     Edi- 
tor of  the  Christian  Intelligencer,   1917-20.     d.   Oct.  5,   1920.     Member 
Board  of   Superintendents  Am.  Tract  Soc,  Am.  Bible  Society.     Mem- 
ber Board  of  Foreign  Mission.     1901  Pres.  P.S.  N.Y.     1912  Pres.  Gen. 
Syn.     D.D.,   H.C.    1912,   R.C,   1914. 
Dr.   Bruce  was  one  of   God's  noblemen.     He  was  genial  and  witty,   but 
of   solid   character   and   consecrated   purpose.      Those   who   knew   him   best 
loved  him  most.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1921,  631. 

Publications  :     Arts,    in    "Homiletic    Review,"    "Preachers'    Magazine," 
"S.S.  Times,"  "Christian  Intelligencer."     On  joint  committee  for  publication 
of  the  Hymnal  of  the  Reformed  Church. 
Bruen,  Jas.  M.,  b.  Newark,  N.  J.,  1818;    University  of  Pa.  39,  U.S.  42,  1.  3d 


THE    MINISTRY  27I 

Presbyt.  N.  Y.   (New  Windsor,  Presbyt.),  45-8,  Irvington,  50-2.     Died 
1881.     For   further  details,  see  "Union  Sem.   Gen.   Catalogue." 

Bruen,  Matthias,  b.  at  Newark,  N.  J.,  Ap.  11,  1793;  C.C.  1812,  Assoc. 
Refd.  Sem.,  1.  CI.  N.  Y.  16;  traveled  in  Europe  with  Dr.  Mason,  16-18; 
ordained  in  London,  18,  in  order  to  preach  in  Paris;  Paris,  six  months, 
18-19,  Aliss.  to  Bleecker  St.  N.  Y.  C.  Presbyt.,  22-5,  pastor,  25-9;  d. 
Sept.  6,  1829. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
"Life  and  Character  of  Bruen,"  N.  Y.,   1831.     "Dr.  Baird's  Life,"   103, 

167,  170.    "Mag.  R.  D.  C,"  iv,  224,  260.    "Drake's  Am.  Biog." 
Publications  :     "Essays    Descriptive    of    Scenes    in    Italy    and    France," 

Edinburgh,   1820.     "A  Sermon  in  Am.  Chapel,"   Paris,   1818.     "A  Thanks- 
giving  Ser.,"    1822.     "A   Ser.   Before   Female    Bible    Soc,"   1823. 

Bruggers,  John  Henry,  b.  in  Netherlands.  H.C.  1915.  W.T.S.  1918.  1. 
by  CI.  Iowa,  1918.  Y.M.C.A.  War  Service,  France,  1918-19.  Holland, 
6th,  Mich.,   1919 

Bruins.  Berend,  b.  in  Netherlands,   Sept.   16,  1868.     H.C.  1902.     P.S.   1905. 
1.  by  CI.  of  Iowa,  1905.     Bethlehem,  Sully,  la.,  1905-07 ;    Little  Falls,  N. 
J.,   2nd,    1907-11;     North   Yakima,   Wash.,    1912-14.     d.   June    i. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,   1914,  239. 

Bruins,  Henry  Martin,  b.  Brandon,  Wis.,  Feb.  20,  1873;  H.C.  95,  P.S.  98, 
post-grad,  at  Harvard  Divinity  School,  98-99;  1.  by  CI.  Wisconsin, 
98;  New  College,  Edinburgh,  1899-1900.  Pekin,  111.,  1901-1904.  (Al- 
bert Lea,  Minn.  Presbyterian  1904-07).  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  1907-17; 
Pella,  la.,  2nd,   1917 

Bruins,  William  Henry,  b.  Alto,  Wis.,  Oct.  16,  1865;  H.C.  90,  McCor- 
mick  Sem.,  Chicago,  93,  1.  CI.  Wisconsin ;  Coopersville,  Mich.,  93-9. 
Marion,  N.   Y.,   1900-1910.     Presbyterian   1910 

Brummel,  Jacob,  b.  New  Groningen,  Mich.,  Sept.  5,  1873;  H.C.  97,  W.S. 
1900,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Grand  View,  S.  Dak.,  1901-1906.  Monroe,  Sand- 
ham  Memorial,  1906-08.  CI.  Miss.,  Dakota,  1908 — .  Roseland,  Svea, 
Minn.,  1910-16. 

Bruns,  F.  H.,  b.  Vahlbruch,  Germany,  Feb.  22,  1874.  LeMars  Col.  1902. 
Ord.  by  United  Evangelical  Ch.  1902.  Served  in  that  body  1902-12. 
Ackley,  la.,  Washington,  1912-15.  d.  April  29.  Min.  Gen.  S3'n.,  1915, 
609. 

Bruschweiler,  F.     Flatbush,  2d,   1891-2. 

Brush,  Alfred  H.  (s.  of  Wm.  Brush)  ;  R.C.  1862.  N.B.S.  65.  1.  CI.  Rari- 
tan  ;  Shokan  and  Shandaken,  65-67,  Nassau,  67-80,  New  Utrecht,  1880- 
1910.  P.Em.  1910-11.  d.  April  30.  D.D.  by  H.C,  1897.  1884-1911 
Member  Bd.  of  Domestic  Missions  R.C. A.  Pres.  of  the  Bd.  1906-09. 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  191 1,  253. 

Brush,  John  C,  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.  Y.,  1793;  N.  and 
S.  Hampton,  1794-96  (Dutch  Creek,  Cross  Roads,  and  Dover,  Del., 
Presbvt.),   1796-18...     "Mints.   G.S.,"  i.  p.  463. 

Brush.  William,  h.  N.Y.  City,  May  23,  1809;    R.C.  30,   N.B.S.   '33,  1.  CI. 
N.  Y. ;    Guilford,  34-51,  Tarrytown,  51-52,  Bedminister,  52-65  supplying 
churches  65-69,   S.S.   South  New   Haven,   Ct.    (six  months),  69,   Ford- 
ham,  69-74,  w.  c.     Died  Mar.    15,   1898. 
He  was  very  useful  in  the  pastorate  and  during  the  years  in  which  he 

was  without  charge  devoted  himself  most  earnestly  to  Christian  and  benevo- 
lent work.     See  Manual,   1902. 

Brush,  Wm.  W.  (s.  of  Wm.  Brush),  b.  at  Guilford,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  25.  1843; 
R.C.  62.  N.B.S.  66,  lie.  CI.  Raritan ;  Farmer  Village,  66-8,  Alarbletown, 
68-72,  .Geneva,  72-8:    d.   Mar.  31,   1878. 

Bruske,  A.  F.     Hope,  Holland,  S.S.  1912-16.     Dead. 

Bryant.  James  P.,  b.  Shekomcko,  N.  Y.,  March  25,  1839.  U.C.  1870.  U.S. 
1873.  (Pres.  Kondeabouac,  Canada,  1873-4;  Batchellerville,  N.  Y., 
1874-8;    Galloway,  N.  Y.,  1878-85;    Rensselaerville,  N.  Y.,  1899).     S.S. 


272  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Westerlo,  N.  Y.,  1902-06.    Rec'd  from  Pres,  1906.    Union  and  Westerlo, 

N.  Y.,  1906-08.    Retired,    d.  June  18,  1920. 
He  was  a  man  of  devotional   spirit  whose  activity  was   hindered  by   ill 
health.     See  M.G.S.,  1921,  628. 
Buck,  Charles  Duryea  (son  of  Rev.  Josiah  Judson  Buck,  who  served  in  the 

Presbyterian  ministry  for  fifty  years),  b.  at  Knox,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  24,  1826; 

W.C.  45,  Prin.  of  Clinton  Academy,  L.  I.,  45-47,  U.S.  48-49,  lie.  Presb. 

of  Columbia;  ord.  by  CI.  N.  Y.,  May  14,  51,  Peekskill,  51-70,  Hoboken, 

1st,   70-74    (S.S.)     Weehawken,   Presb.,   74-77,   Middletown,   N.   J.,   'j'j- 

1893;    d.  May  26.     D.D.  by  R.C.,  1883. 
He  was  forty-three  years  in  the  ministry  of  our  church,  and  left  behind 
him  a  record  which  those  who  knew  him  and  those  whom  he  served  in  his 
pastorates  will  continue  to  cherish  with  just  and  honorable  pride.     "Mints. 
Gen.  Syn.,"  1894,  207.     Manual,  1902. 

Publications  :  "Address  Before  Military  Companies,"  Peekskill,  July 
5,  1858.  "Village  and  Vicinity  of  Peekskill,"  i860.  "Thanksgiving  Disc," 
1863.  "Add.  Before  Westchester  Co.  Bible  Soc,"  1863.  "Reports  of  West- 
chester Co.  Bible  Soc,"  1863-70.  "God's  Presence  in  the  Universe  of 
Souls,"  "Nat.  Preacher,"  July,  1864.  "Sermon  on  the  Use  of  a  Little 
Wine,"  1869.  "Address,  Centenl's  Celebration  at  Peekskill,"  July  4,  1876. 
"Two  Hundred  Years  ago;  Thanksgiving  Disc,"  1879.  "He  Descended 
Into  Hell,"  "Cath.  Presbyt.,"  Mar.,  1880.  Arts,  for  press  and  poems. 
Buckelew,  Wm.   Dey,  b.   New  Brunswick,   N.  J.,  June   14,   1825 ;    R.C.  48, 

N.B.S.  51,  1.  CI.  N.B.^;    Currytown  and  Mapletown,  51-54,  Athens,  54- 

59,  Moresville  and  South  Gilboa,  59-63,  Blue  Mountain,  63-70.     Tyre, 

70-76,  Westerlo,  76-79,  Schoharie  Mt.,  79-89,  Palisades,  89-93 ;    d.  Nov. 

15-  .      .  .  ,  . 

He  was  intensely  conscientious,  even  in  the  smallest  things.    His  principal 
characteristic  was   spiritual  mindedness.     He   walked   with  God.     See  also 
"Mints.  Gen.   Syn.,"   1894,  215.     "Biog.   Notices  of   Grads.   R.C,"   1894,   17. 
Buckham,  Jas.,   1841. 
Buckingham,   M.S.       S.S.    Wynantskill,    N.    Y.,     1915-17.      Swedenborgian 

Church. 
Buckle,    George.      Rec'd    from    Pres.    1904.      Clover    Hill,    N.    J.,    1904-07; 

Middleburgh,  N.  Y.,  1907-10.    Pres.  1910 .    In  business.    D.D. 

Bulkley,  Charles  Henry  Augustus,  b.  Charleston,  S.  C,  Dec.  22,  1819; 
U.N.Y.  1839,  U.T.S.  1839-42  (ord.  by  Presb.  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  Dec  17, 
1842;  Presbyt.,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  1842-3;  Miss,  at  Janesville, 
Wis.,  1843-5;  Mt.  Morris,  N.  Y.,  1847-50)  ;  S.S.  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  1850-2 
(S.S.)  Winsted,  Ct.  (Cong.),  1853-8;  S.S.  Paterson,  N.  J.,  1859-61; 
Chaplain,  U.S.  Army,  1861-3;  Owego,  N.  Y.,  1865-7;  Chaplain, 
Y.M.C.A..  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  1867-8;  Malone,  N.  Y.,  1868-75;  Prof. 
Boston,  Mass.,  1875-6;  Port  Henry,  N.  Y.,  1876-81  ;  Prof.  Howe  Univ., 
Washington,  D.  C.,  1881-90.  w.  c  1890-3;  d.  Feb.  2.  D.D.  by  Howe 
Univ.,  1880. 
Bulness,  John  C,  b.  Kristiansund,  Norway.  Received  a  thorough  general 
and  theological  education  in  Norway.  Amity  Theological  Sem.,  N. 
Y.  C.    Ord.  by  Baptist  Church.    Emmanuel  Baptist  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C,  1900- 

1906;     Blooming    Grove,    N.    Y.,    1906 .      Member    of    Society    of 

Applied  Science  of  Psychology. 
Bumstead,  Samuel  Andrews,  b.  in  Boston,  Mass.,  Dec.  16,  1798;  Middle- 
bury  Coll.,  Vt.,  1823,  P.S.  28,  lie  by  Franklin  Assoc,  Mass. ;  ord.  as  an 
evangelist  by  Congregationalists,  Jan.  31,  28,  S.S.  Rhinebeck,  29-30; 
Manayunk,  31-35,  Manayunk  and  Roxborough,  35-49,  Roxborough,  49- 
53,  Spring  Lake,  III.,  53-61,  Raritan,  111.,  61-76,  Norris,  111.  (S.S.),  76, 
emeritus;  (S.S.)  Norris,  111.,  1879-1890.  Died  1894,  March  22. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications  :    "Address  to  Pastor  and  People,"  at  Fairview,  at  instal- 
lation of  Rev.  Wm.  Anderson.     In  "Ch.  Int.,"  Oct.   16,   1856. 


THE   MINISTRY  273 

Burggraff,  J.  J.,  b.  Ostcrbierum,  Neth.  Educated  in  Netherlands.  1.  by 
CI.  G.  R.  1914.  North  Blendon,  Mich.,  1914-20;  Decatur,  Mich., 
1920 

Burggraff,  J.  J.   (Jr.).     W.S.  1921.     Williamson,  N.  Y..   1921— — 

Burghardt.  Peter  H.  U.C.  1840,  West  Farms,  52-55,  Glenville,  ist,  55-6i, 
Chaplain   First  Chasseurs,   N.Y.V.,   64-65. 

Buri.  P.,  from  Refd.  Ch.  of  Berne,  Switzerland,  1858.  See  "Mints.  Gen. 
Syn.,"  1859,  p.  449. 

Burkart,  John  Jacob,  b.  Bremen,  Ind.,  July  26,  1868.  N.B.S.  1892.  Chap- 
lain, City  Prison,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Burner,  Wm.  Arthur,  Jr.,  b.  Newark,  N.  J.,  April  26,  1897.  R.C.  N.B.S. 
1921.     1.  by  CI.  of  Raritan,  1921.     Hopewell,  N.  Y.,  1921 . 

Burnham,   I.  P.     S.S.   Auriesville,  N.   Y.,   1851-4. 

Burr,  Marcus.     N.B.S.   1862;    Presbyt.,   1863-73.     Teaching. 

Burrcll,  Albert  C.  (colored),  b.  Abbvville,  Va.,  Dec.  14,  1866.  Bluestone 
Acad.     N.B.S.    1891.     Baptist. 

Burrell.  David  Tames,  b.  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  Pa.,  Aug.  i,  1844;  Y.C.  (>•]. 
N.W.  Th.  Sem.,  67-8,  U.S.  68-70.  lie.  Presbyt.  of  N.  Y.,  70;  ord.  by 
Presbyt.  of  Chicago,  71,  (Evangelist  and  Pastor,  Presbyt.  Ch.,  Chicago, 
71-6,  Dubuque,  la.,  76-87,  Westminster  Ch.,  Minneapolis,  Wis.,  87-91)  ; 

New  York  City,  Collegiate  Ch.,  5th  av.  and  29th  st.,   1891 .     Pres. 

World's  Alliance  of  Ref.  and  Pres.  Ch.     Pres.  Lord's  Day  Alliance  of 
N.   Y.     Pres.   Anti-Saloon   League  of    N.   Y.     Pres.   Gen.    Svn.,    1920. 
D.D.  by  Parsons  College,  1883,'and  Dubuque  Col.,  1918.     LL.D.,  R.C, 
1916. 
Publication's:    As.sociate  Editor  of   several   religious  papers.     Frequent 

contributions.    "Hints  and  Helps"  :    3  Vols.,  and  36  volumes  of  sermons. 

Burrill,  George  Henry,  b.  Newburyport,  Mass.,  Oct.  18.  1856,  Harv.  Col. 
79,  U.T.S.  81-4,  lie.  Middlesex  South  Assoc,  Mass.,  1884;  ord.  by  same 
1884  (New  Lebanon,  N.  Y.  (Cong.),  84-92),  Claverack,  1892-1905. 
Congregationalist  1905 

Burrows,  Charles  W.,  b.  N.  V.  C,  Aug.  30,  1859;  lie  by  CI.  Orange,  Oct., 
88;  Berea,  N.  Y.,  88-91,  Coeymans,  N.  Y.,  1891-1908.  Kinderhook, 
N.  Y.,  1908-14;  Albany,  6th,  1914.  d.  May  28.  Killed  by  an  automo- 
bile.    Min.  Gen.  Syn..  1914,  239. 

Burroughs,  Geo.  W.,  1854. 

Burtis.  sec  Alburtis. 

Burtiss,  Arthur,  b.  in  N.  Y.  C.  1807;  C.C.  and  U.C.  27.  P.S.  and  Aub.  S. 
33,  1.  Presb.  Geneva  (Buffalo.  33-5)  ;  Fort  Plain,  3s  (Oxford  Presbyt.), 
35-40  (?).  Teaching  in  Buffalo;  Sec.  Am.  and  For.  Ch.  Union,  59-63, 
Prof,  of  Greek  Lang,  in  Aliami  Universitv,  64-7;  d.  D.D.  bv  U.C, 
1850. 
See   Manual,    1902. 

Bush.  D.  T.,  b.  Jenison,  Mich.,  May  21.  1883.  H.C  1906.  N.B.S.  1909. 
New  Paltz,  1909-13;  West  Hoboken,  ist,  1913-16.  Pres.  Lexington, 
2d.   Kentucky,   1916— — . 

Butz.  Hcnrv  Anson,  b.  Middle  Smithfield,  Pa.,  Ap.  18,  1835;  C.N.J.  58, 
N.B.S.  61 ;  adjunct  Prof.  Greek  and  Heb.,  1870,  and  Prof.  N.  T.  Exe- 
gesis, Drew  Theolog.  Sem.;    Pres.  of  Same,  1880 .     D.D.  bv  C.N.J. 

1875;  LL.D.  by  Dick.  Coll..  1885. 
PuRMC.ATiONS :    "Epistle  of   Romans   in   Greek   with  Textual   and   Gram- 
matical   References."      "The    New    Life    Dawning." 

Buurnna,    Ale,   b.    Ferwerd,    Neth..    1841  ;     H.C.    1866,    H.S.    1869,    lie.    CI. 
Holland,  1869;    Polkton,  1869-72,  S.  Holland.  111.,  1872-8,  Orange  City, 
la.,  1878-89,  Grand  Rapids,  5th,  1889-inoi.     d.  Dec.  5. 
He  was  a  man  of  largo  c'uiacity  and  enthusiasm  for  work  and  of  strong 

convictions.     He  occupied  a  large  place  in  the  civil  and  religious  life  of  the 

West.     His  service  in  Michigan  and  Iowa  along  religious  and  educational 


274  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

lines  was  most  valuable.  He  was  a  leading  member  of  the  Bd.  of  Super- 
intendents of  the  W.T.S.  and  devoted  much  attention  to  the  interests  of  the 
North  Western  Academy. 

See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1902,  198. 

Cahoone,  Wm.,  Jr.,  b.  1776;  D.C.  1824,  P.S.  1827;  Miss,  at  Berne,  1828, 
Miss,  at  Stuyvesant,  1828-9,  Hyde  Park,  1829-33,  Coxsackie,  1833-47, 
Fordham,  1847-8;    d.  1849.     See  funeral  ser.  by  Dr.  John  Knox,   1849. 

Caliandro,  Anthony,  b.  Lecce,  Italy,  March  26,  1898.  Royal  Technical 
School,  Italy.  Bible  Teachers'  Training  School,  1921 ;  Missionary  to 
Italians,    1918 .      1.    by    CI.    Palisade,    1920. 

Calverley,  Edwin  Elliott,  b.  Philadelphia,  Oct.  26,  1882.  P.  Univ.  1906. 
P.S.  1909.  1.  by  Presbytery  of  Philadelphia  1909.  Rec'd  from  Pres- 
byterian   1909.      Missionary   to    Arabia    1909 

Publication:    The  Arabian  Readers'  Primer,  I,  1920;    Primer,  II,  1921. 

Cameron,  Herbert  Henry,  b.  Thurman,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  6,  1857.  R.C.  1880, 
N.B.S.  80-2.     Episcopalian,     d.  July  25,   1898. 

(Campbell,  Alan  D.  (brother  of  W.  H.  Campbell),  Miss,  in  Brooklyn,  1827. 
See  "Memorial  of  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Campbell,"  p.  i.) 

Campbell,   Alan    Ditchfield    (s.   of    W.    H.    Campbell),    b.   Albany,    N.   Y., 
Dec.    I,    1843.     R.C.   62,    N.B.S.   68,   1.    CI.    N.B.;     Athens,    ist,   68-82, 
Castleton,  82-89,  New  Brunswick,   Suydam  St.,   1890-1913.     d.  April   i. 
Vedder  Lecturer,  1889.     D.D.  Hope  C. 
See  Min.  Gen.   Syn.,   1913,  894. 

Campbell,  Charles  Henry,  b.  Nov.  20,  1892,  N.Y.C.  C.C.  N.Y.,  1915. 
N.B.S.  1919.    1.  by  CI.  N.  Y.  1919.    Wortendyke,  Trinity  1919 

Campbell,  D.  G.  Bloomingburgh,  N.  Y.,  1909-11;  Schodack  Landing,  N. 
Y.,  1913.     Left  the  ministry  1913. 

Campbell,  D.  Y.,  b.  Va.,  July  12,  1877.     Baptist.     Student  N.B.S.,  1913. 

Campbell,  Jas.  Benj.,  b.  Glasgow,  Scotland,  May  6,  1842;  R.C;  N.B.S. 
1870,  1.  CI.  Rensselaer;  Chatham  Village,  70-3.  Lebanon,  73-6,  Albany, 
3d,  76-82  (Batchellerville,  N.  Y.,  82-5),  Rhinebeck,  85-7,  Long 
Branch,  87-90  (Lebanon,  San  Francisco,  ist  Presbyt.  Ch Stock- 
ton,   Cal Shawnee,    Pa.,    1890-1905).      Currytown    and    Sprakers, 

1905-07;    Raritan,  111.,  1907-09;    Port  Jervis,  2d,   1909-11.     d.  Oct.  22. 
D.D.  Franklin  C,  1895. 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1912,  556. 

Campbell,  J.  I.     Rec'd  Pres.  1904.     Hastings,  N.  Y.,  1904-05,  Pres. 

Campbell,  Jas.  K.,  b.  Scotland.  From  Refd.  Pres.  Ch. ;  ordained  as  a  Miss. 
Northern  India,  1834;    North  Branch,  1838-54. 

Campbell,  Wm.  Henry,  b.  at  Baltimore,  Sept.  14,  1808;  D.C.  28,  P.S.  28-29, 
1.  2d  Pres.  N.  Y.,  31,  Chittenango,  31-33,  Prin.  Erasmus  HaU,  L.  I., 
33-39,  East  New  York,  39-41,  Albany,  3d,  41-48,  Prin.  Albany  Academy, 
48-51,  Prof.  Oriental  Lit.  in  New  Brunswick  Sem..  51-63,  also  Prof. 
Bel.  Let.  Rutgers  Col.,  51-63,  Prof,  of  Moral  Phil.,  62-63,  President 
Rutgers  College,  and  Prof.  Bib.  Lit.,  Moral  Phil,  and  Ev.  Christianity 
in  R.C,  63-82,  Suydam  St.,  New  Brunswick,  83-1890,  d.  Dec.  7. 
Elected  a  trustee  of  Rutgers  College,  Sept.  16,  1862.  D.D.  by  U.C, 
1844. 
Dr.  Campbell  was  of  Scotch  descent  and  in  his  youth  thoroughly  instructed 

in  the  doctrines  of  grace  which  he  loved  to  proclaim  throughout  his  entire 

life.     Through  the  influence  of  Dr.  T.  M.  Strong  he  entered  the  Reformed 

Church.      He    was    successful    in   the   pastorate   but    he   was    pre-eminently 

fitted  for  the  office  of  teacher. 

In   the   Theological    Seminary  at   New   Brunswick  his   work  was   of   the 

highest  order.     He  drilled  his  students   most  thoroughly  and  taught   them 

to  do  their  own  thinking. 

He  also  looked  after  the  material  interests  of  the   Seminary  and  it  was 


THE    MINISTRY  275, 

chiefly  through  his  influence  that  the  funds  for  the  erection  of  Hertzog  Hall 

were  secured. 

In  1863  the  trustees  of  Rutgers  College  called  him  to  the  Presidency  of 
that    institution.      Here    all    his    varied    talents    were    called    into    activity. 
When   he   assumed   the    Presidency   the   college   was,    in    point   of    finances, 
equipments,   and   numbers   very   weak.     At   his   resignation,   nearly   a   score 
of  years  later,  it  had  been  developed  beyond  all  anticipation  in  its  instruc- 
tion, endowment,  and  buildings.     More  than  half  a  million  had  been  added 
to  its  funds.     He  left  it  in  a  high  degree  of  prosperity.     But,  although  now 
about  seventy-four  years  old,  he  still  yearned  to  do  something   for  Christ. 
He  began  religious   services  in  a  destitute  part  of   New  Brunswick,  which 
resulted  in  the  organization  of  the  Suydam  Street  Church.     As  a  preacher 
he  was  clear  and  forcible;    as  a  pastor  tender  and  sympathetic;    as  an  edu- 
cator  thorough   and   broad,   and   as   a   Christian   humble   and   devout.      See 
"Biog.  Diet,  of  N.  J.,"  1877.     "Schaff-Hertzog  Cyc."     "Mints.  Gen.   Syn.," 
1891,  414.     "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  and  Officers  of  Rutgers  College,"  1891, 
3.     "In  Memory  of,"  by  Dr.   David  Murray  and  others,   pp.   107,   1894. 
For  a  fuller  sketch  and  list  of   his  publications  see   Manual  of    1902. 
Campfield,  Robt.  B.,  b.  1801 ;    C.N.J.  24,  Aub.  S.  28,  lie.  Pres.  Cayuga,  27 
(Caldwell,   N.   J.,  28-9,  Assist.   Sec.   Dom.   Miss.   Pres.   Ch.    (in   Phila- 
delphia), 29-30,  Agent,  Am.   S.S.U.  30-1,  New   Preston,  Conn.,   Cong. 
31-4,  Sec.  Am.  S.S.U.,  New  York,  30-58)  ;    Sec.  Sab.  S.  Bd.  R.D.C.  58- 
62   (Financial  Actor,  Am.  and  For.  Chr.  Union,  62-72,  traveled  in  Eu- 
rope, Egypt,  and  Palestine,  ji-t,,  preaching  to  the  poor  in  Newark,  JZ). 
In    1855   he   wrote   "Maria   Cheesman ;   or,   The   Candy   Girl,"   pp.    158. 
Died  Mar.  21,  1886. 
Cannon,  Jas.   Spencer,  b.  Jan.  28,   1766,  in  the  Island  of   Curacao;    studied 
under  Froeligh  and  Livingston,  1.  CI.  Hackensack,  1796;    Six  Mile  Run, 
and    Millstone,     1796-1807,    Six    Mile    Run,     1807-26,    Instructor    Ecc. 
Hist.   1818-19,  Prof.  Ecc.  Hist.  Ch.  Gov.  and  Pastoral  Theo.   1826-52; 
also   Prof.   Metaphysics -and   the   Philosophy   of   the   Human    Mind,   in 
Rutgers   Coll.,    1826-52;    d.     Elected  a  trustee  of   Queen's   Coll.,    1800. 
Pres.  Gen.  Syn.,  1813  and  1820.    D.D.  by  U.C.  1819. 
He  was  a  man  peculiar  in  many  respects,  and  calculated  to  attract  atten- 
tion wherever  he  might  be,  even  among  a  crowd  of  people.     He  was  sys- 
tematic,  regular,   seasonable,   steady,   calm,    moderate.      He   was,    therefore, 
always  beforehand  with  his  work ;    never  hurried,  or  driven,  or  cornered ; 
never  urged  or  goaded  beyond  his  strength.     His  example  may  be  turned 
to  a  good  account  by  men   of   all   occupations,   but  especially  by   students, 
and  still  more  especially  by  theological  students  and  ministers  of  the  Gos- 
pel.— D.D.  by  R.C.,   181 1,  and  U.C.   1819.     See  "New   Brunswick  Review," 
i,   100;    "Evangelical   Quarterly,"   ii,   115;    "Biograph.   Sketch,"   prefixed  to 
his   "Pastoral   Theology";     Art.   in    "Sprague's   Annals,"   by    Dr.    Proudfit; 
"Bibliotheca  Sac,"   1854,  p.  420,  "McClintock's  Cyc.;"    "Ch.  Int.,"   Feb.  8, 
1852.     "Dr.   Demarest's   Sketch,  Centennial  of    Sem.,"  442. 

For  a  fuller  sketch  and  list  of  publications,  see  Manual,   1902. 
Cantine,  James,  b.   Stone  Ridge,  Ulster  Co.,   N.   Y.,   March  3,   1861  ;    U.C. 

83,  N.B.S.  89,  1.  CI.  Kingston;    Missionary  in  Arabia,  1889 .     D.D. 

U.C,   1903. 
Carey,  J.  A.     West   R.D.C,   New   York   City,    1851-2;    d.     Obit,   in   "Ch. 

Int.,"  Nov.  4,  1852. 

Carle.  Jean.  b.  at  Nimes,  France ;   engaged  by  the  Consistory  of  the  Walloon 

Church.  Amsterdam,  for  service  in  New  York;  arrived  July  i"],  1754; 

installed  Aug.  4  over  French  Ch..   Pastor,   1754-64;    also  stated  supply 

at  New  Rochelle;  Chaplain  of  French  Hospital,  London,  1764 — (1790?). 

The  historian  Smith  says  :    "He  bears  an  irreproachable  character,  is  very 

intent    upon    his    studies,    preaches    moderate    Calvinism,    and    speaks    with 

propriety,   both  of   pronunciation   and  gesture."     He  was  very  zealous  and 

energetic.     The  Register  which   he  kept   indicates  a   high   sense  of   his   re- 


2/6  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

sponsibility.  He  also  administered  the  sacraments  four  times  per  year  at 
New  Rochelle,  the  dissident  congregation  of  which  place  had  become,  since 
the  death  of  Rev.  Mr.  Rose,  1750,  a  mere  "annex"  of  the  New  York 
church.  He  won  the  esteem  and  love  of  the  people,  but  his  efforts  to 
resuscitate  the  New  York  church  were  not  successful.  He,  therefore,  re- 
signed, May  23,  1763,  but  offered  to  remain  if  they  would  conform  to  the 
Church  of  England,  but  this  the  church  would  not  do.  He  sailed  on  April 
17,  1764,  for  London.  He  was  one  of  the  original  trustees  of  King's  Col- 
lege. See  "Doc.  Hist.,"  N.  Y.  (4to  ed.),  iii,  315.  "Collections  of  Hugue- 
not Soc,"  N.  Y. 

Carle,  John  H.,  Q.C.  181 1,  partly  in  N.B.S.  1814,  I.  Presbyt.  Geneva;    Mar- 
bletown,    Hurley,    14-25,    and    Shokan    also,    14-25     (Presbyt.,    25-48), 
Mapletown  and  Curry  town,  48-51. 
Carpentier,    Casper,    mentioned    in    1657    in    a    letter   of    Megapolensis    and 
Drisius   to   CI.    Amsterdam.      He   was   a   brother-in-law   of   Jean   Paul 
Jacques,   commandant   at   Fort   Casimir,    Delaware.      He   died   in    1684. 
See  "Ecc.  Rec,"  "Letters,"  Aug.  5,  1657,  Oct.  10,  1688.     This  latter  is 
quoted  in  "Murphy's  Anthology,"   108.     "Doc.  Hist.,"  N.  Y.,  iii,  69-72. 
"Spottswood's   Hist.    Ser.,"   New   Castle,    1859.     Dr.   Spottswood   says, 
"In  1684  there  died  in  this  town  a  French  clergyman,  concerning  whom 
we  can  learn  nothing.     It   is  presumed  that  he  was  one  of   the  exiled 
Huguenots."      Several    additional    documents    about    ministers    of    this 
name  will  be  found  in  Ecc.  Rec,  N.  Y. 
Carr,  Wm.  H.,  b.  Kinderhook,  N.  Y.,  1812;    chaplain  U.S.A.  1861-5.     (Cen- 
treville.  Green   Co.,  TSI.  Y.,   1867-70,  Presb.),   Prattsville,   70-5,   Sharon, 
75-7,  Gallupville,  77-80.     Died  Aug.  7,  1890. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1891,  418. 
Carre,  Ezechiel.     Pastor  of  French  Ch.,  Narragansett,  R.  I.,   1687,  perhaps 

Pastor  in  N.  Y.  C,    1673-78    (?). 
Carroll,  Joseph  Halstead   (s.  of  Rev.  D.  L.  Carroll),  b.  Brooklyn.  N.  Y., 
May  21,  1833;  U.Pa.  51,  P.S.  54,  1.  Presbyt.  Philadelphia   (Jamesburg, 
N.  J.,  55-8,  Aiken,   S.  C,  58-60,   S.S.   South  Cong.  Ch.,  New  Haven, 
62-7),  New  Haven,  67-9,  Brooklyn    (Lee  Av.),  69-71,  East  Brooklyn, 
73-6,   Newburgh,  76-81    (Presbyt.   Stillwater,   Minn.,  82-7;    d.  Jan.   7). 
D.D.  by  H.S.C.,   1868. 
Publications  :     "Memorial   of   Gerard   Hallock,"    1866.     "Letter   to   Dr. 
Leonard  Bacon,"  1866. 

Carroll,  Vernon  Bond.  b.  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  Jan.  i,  1846;  R.C.  68,  N.B.S. 
71,  lie.  CI.  L.  I.,  Pottersville,  71-3,  Chapel  of  Collegiate  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C. 
(Seventh  av.  and  54th  st.),  ^2,-7  Warwick,  77-86  (Tenafly,  N.  J., 
Presbyt.,  86-96,  Amenia,  N.  Y.,  Presbyt.,  86-96,  Amenia,  N.  Y.,  Presbyt., 
1899.  Died  Dec.  18). 
See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.,  R.C,"  1900,  26.  "Memorial  Sermon  by 
Prof.   Jacob   Cooper,"    1900. 

Carruthers,  Francis,  b.   Scotland,  June,   1859.     N.B.S.   1893-4. 
Carter,  George  William,  b.  Jan.  4,  1867,  Rosario,  Argentine,  S.A.    Wesleyan, 
Yale,  1892.     Fellowship,  Oxford  1894-5.     Drew  Sem.   1893.    1.  by  Con- 
ference of  N.  Y.  M.   E.  Church,   1887.      (M.E.  pastorates,  1895-1907) 

Gen.    Sec.    Bible    Society,    1907 .      Brooklyn,    Grace    Ref.,    1911-21. 

Ph.D.  N.Y.  Univ.,  1900. 
Publications:    Zoroastrianism  in  Judaism,    1918.     Articles  on  authority 
and  influence  of  Bible. 

Carter,  Ray  F.     U.S.   1.  by  CI.  N.,  L.  I.,  1904.     Congregational. 
Carter,  William.     Rec'd  from  Pres.   1906.     Madison  Ave.,  N.Y.C.,   1906-12. 

Pres.   1915. 
Case,   Calvin,   b.   Danbury.   Ct.,   March   16,    1821.     R.C.    1848,   N.B.S.    1851. 
1.  CI.  Bergen,  1851  ;    Grahamville,  1852-3.  Day,  1855-7,  Kiskatom,  1857- 
60,  West  Hurley,  1860-5.     (Dresden  Pres.).     S.S.  Krumville,  Stuyves- 
ant  Falls,  1865-73.    d.  Nov.  2,  1906. 


THE    MINISTRY  277 

See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1907,  907. 
Case,  Cliflford  Philip,  b.  Jersey  City,  Oct.  22,  1873;    R.C.  97,  N.B.S.  1900, 
1.  CI.  Paramus;    Associate  Pastor  West  End  Collegiate  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C, 
Sept.,    1900-Dec.,    1901,   Post   Graduate   U.S.    1900-01.     Six   Mile   Rim, 
Jan.,   1902-1907.     Poughkeepsie,   ist,   1907-20.     d.  March  7.     Permanent 
Clerk   Gen.    Syn.    1916-20.     Member   Bd.    D.M.     War    Service,    Camp 
Merritt,   1917-18.     Pension  Com.  R.C,  1918-20.     D.D.  H.C.,   iyi6. 
He  was  a  son  of  the  Ref.  Ch.  devoted  to  the  Kingdom  of   Christ. 
"In  a  few  years  he  fulfilled  a  long  time."     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1920,  280. 
Publications  :    "Southerly  Line  of  Somerset  Co.  Before  the  Revolution," 
"Som.  Hist.  Quarterly.     Retrospect  and  Prospect."     Two  sermons  preached 
in  Franklin  Park,  1907.    "Can  the  Particular  Synod  be  Made  Worth  While." 
Address  before  P.S.  N.Y.,  May,  1910. 

Caton,  John  Collings,  b.  Portland,  Eng.,  Feb.  25,  1872;  P.U.  95,  Yale 
Div.  Sch.  98 ;  lie.  by  Cong.  Assoc,  New  Haven,  97 ;  ord.  by  CI.  Scho- 
harie, 98;  Lawyersville,  98-1901,  Fonda,  1901-1904;  12th  Brooklyn, 
1904-16;  Paterson,  Ch.  of  Covenant,  1916-20;  West  Hohoken, 
1920 .  Y'.M.C.A.  War  Work  1918-19,  France.  Member  Bd.  Pub- 
lication, R.C. A.  South  Brooklyn  Bd.  of  Trade.  Vice-Pres.  Armenian 
Relief,  Paterson. 
Publications:  Many  contributions  to  the  Press. 
Center,  Samuel,  b.  1794  at  Hoosick,  N.  Y. ;  Mid.  C.  1819,  N.B.S.  23,  1.  CI. 
N.B.,  Miss,  to  Johnsborough  and  Chester,  23,  Herkimer  and  German 
Flats,  24-6  (Morian  and  Northumberland  Presbyt. ),  27-30,  teaching  in 
Class.  School,  Albany,  30-7,  in  Michigan  University,  37-40,  pastor  also 
at  Monroe,  Mich.,  37-40,  Agent  of  For.  Evang.  Soc,  40-1,  Prof,  in 
Albany  Academy,  41-..,  in  Angelica  Academy,  and  Pastor  at  Angelica 
and  Macedon  Center,  18-..  1859;  d.  See  "Manual,"  1879. 
Chadsey,  H.  T.,  b.  Schenectady.  U.C.  1877.  Auburn  S.  1881.  (Presbyter- 
ian   ).     West  New  Hempstead,  1914-20;    Presbyterian,   1921 

Chalker,   Isaac.     New  Paltz,   176.. -176.. 

Chamberlain,  Jacob,  b.   Sharon,  Ct.,  Ap.  18,   1835;    Western  Reserve  Coll. 
56,  N.B.S.  59,  lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.  N.  Y.,  May.  59.     Missionary  in  India, 
Palmaner  and  Madanapalle,  1859-1908.     d.  March  2.     M.D.  by  College 
of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  N.  Y.  C,   1859.     D.D.  by  R.C.     Western 
Reserve  and  Union  College,  all  in  1878.     LL.D.  by  H.  C,  1900;    same 
by  West.   Res.   Coll.,   1901.     Pres.   Gen.   Syn..   1878. 
In  1859  he  sailed  with  his  wife  to  join  the  Arcot  Mission,  India,  of  the 
Reformed   Church.     He   acquired  the   Tamil   language,   expecting   to   work 
among  the  Tamil   people,  but   Providence  led  to  his  transfer  to  a  Telugu 
district   as    its    first   missionary.     Acquiring   that   language,    he   spent    most 
of  his  life  working  among  the  Telugus,  with  headquarters  at  Madanai)alle, 
150    miles    inland    from    Madras.      His    work    was    threefold,    evangelistic, 
medical,  and  literary.     For  a  quarter  of  a  century  his  evangelistic  field,  in 
which  he  was  the  only  missionary,  was  as  large  as  th'c  state  of  Connecticut, 
and  he  was   for  many  years  the  only  physician   in  the  same  area.     Before 
his  visit  home  in  1874  over  30,000  patients  had  had  his  personal  treatment. 
For  many  years  he  was  chairman  of  a  committee  of  all  the  missions  labor- 
ing in  the  Telugu  country  for  bringing  out  a  new  version  of  the  Bible  into 
the   Telugu   language,   which   is   spoken   by    18,000,000   people. 

Dr.  Chamberlain  took  four  furloughs,  each  one  because  of  broken 
health.  In  his  journey  home  in  1874  he  spent  four  months  in  explorations 
in  Egypt,  Sinai,  the  Wilderness,  and  Palestine.  Oh  his  return  to  India  in 
1878  he  spent  two  months  in  visiting  Japan  and  China,  studying  the  mis- 
sionary operations  in  those  lands.  In  1873  he  was  appointed  Chairman. of 
Committee  for  bringing  out  a  New  Translation  of  the  Old  Testament 
from  Hebrew  in  Telugu.  In  1879  he  was  made  Chairman  of  Committee 
for  Revising  the  Telugu  New  Testament.  In  1868  he  established  a  hos- 
pital at  Madanapalle,  and  another  in   1872  at  Palmaner.     In   1878  he  was 


278  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

elected  Vice-President  of  the  American  Tract  Society  for  India.  He  was 
directed  by  the  Synod  of  1886  to  confer  with  the  English  Presbyterian 
societies  on  the  subject  of  union  of  the  native  churches  in  India.  The  fifth 
Council  (December,  1889)  of  the  Presbyterian  Alliance  at  Calcutta  took 
measures  to  formulate  a  basis  of  union. 

The  record  of  his  life  is  a  record  of  obstacles  overcome  by  prayer  and 
pain,  and  of  great  success  in  manifold  forms  of  missionary  endeavor.  He 
was  one  of  the  world's  great  missionaries.  See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1908, 
229,  and  Manual,  1902. 

Publications  :  "Translations  of  Liturgy  of  Refd.  Ch.  in  Telugu," 
Madras,  1873;  2d  ed.,  1885.  "Hymns  for  Public  and  Social  Worship,  in 
Telugu,"  i2mo. ;  Chris.  Knowledge  Soc.  of  Pres.  of  Madras,  1884;  2d  ed., 
1886  (In  all  3,000  copies).  New  Testament:  Greek;  Madras  Athangeum, 
1869.  "The  Telugu  People  and  their  Language" :  A  paper  before  the 
American  Oriental  Society,  New  Haven,  1876.  "Tract  Work  in  India": 
Am.  Tract  Soc,  1876.  "The  Bible  Tested":  Am.  Bible  Soc,  1878;  4th  ed., 
1885  (In  all  21,000  copies).  "Winding  up  a  Horse;  or.  Christian  Giving," 
1879;  2d  ed.,  1879  (5,000  copies).  "Native  Churches  and  Foreign  Mis- 
sionary Societies":  Bangalore  Conference  Report,  Madras,  1879  (2,000 
copies).  "Break  Cocoanuts  Over  the  Wheels;  or.  All  Pull  for  Christ," 
1885  (2,000  copies).  "Union  and  Co-operation  Among  Native  Churches." 
"Co-operation  and  Organic  Unity  on  Mission  Fields."  "The  Religions  of 
the  Orient :  Their  Beauty  and  Their  Fatal  Defect."  "The  Lord's  War 
Waxes  Hot."  "In  the  Tiger  Jungle,  and  Other  Stories  of  Missionary 
Work"  "The  Cobra's  Den."  "India  for  Christ."  "Address  at  Ecumeni- 
cal Conference,"  New  York,  1899. 

Also  numerous  articles  in  the  press. 
Chamberlain,  Lewis  Birge,  b.  Vellore,  India,  Oct.  3,  1864.     R.C.  '86.     N.B.S. 
91.     1.  by  CI.  N.B.     Missionary  in  India  1891-1915.     Ass.  Cor.  Sec  Am. 

Bible  Society  1916-18,  Recording  Sec.  1919 

In  India  he  was  prominent  in  the  affairs  of  the  Mission  and  helped  to 
'Organize  the  "India  Church  Board." 

Editor  Progressive  Bible  Lessons.  <3^  B  K  Rutgers — 50th  Anniversary 
Memorial.     Editor  Annual  Reports  and  pamphlets  of  Am.   Bible  Soc,  etc. 

Publications:    Many  articles  and  stories  in  various  papers. 

Chamberlin,    William    Isaac,    b.    Madras,    India,    Oct.    10,    1862;     R.C.    82, 

N.B.S.  86,  lie  by  CI.  N.B.,  Missionary,  India,  87-1905.     President  Arcot 

Mission    College,    1900-1905.      Pres.    Voorhees    College,    India,    1900-05. 

Prof.   Logic  and   Mental   Phil.   R.C.   1906-09.      Sec    Bd.   F.M.,   R.C.A., 

1909 .     Pres.  Gen.  Syn.,  1909.     Ph.D.,  C.U.,  1900.     D.D.,  H.C.,  1907, 

and  R.C,   1912. 
Publication  :    "Education  in  India,"  1899. 
Chambers,  S.  D.     Rec'd  from  Pres.     North  Newark,  A.P.,  1914-16.     (Pres. 

Kilburn  Memorial.  Presbyterian  Church,  Newark,  N.  J.,  1917 ). 

Chambers,  Talbot  Wilson,  b.  Carlisle,  Pa.,  Feb.  25,   1819;    D.C.  30-2,  R.C. 
32-4,  N.B.S.  34-5,  P.S.  36-7;    teaching,  37-9;    lie  Presb.  Clinton,  Miss., 
38,  Raritan,  2d   (Somerville,  N.  J.),  39-49,   New  York,  Collegiate,  49- 
1896;    d.   Feb.  3.     Pres.  of   Gen.    Syn.,    1863.     Vedder   Lecturer,    1875. 
Trustee  R.C,  1868.     Trustee  of  Columbia  Coll.,  1881.     S.T.D.  by  CC, 
1853.     LL.D.   by  R.C,   1885.     Member   O.T.    Revision   Co.      Pres.   Bd. 
P.M.,  1888-96.     Pres.  Alliance  Ref.  Chs.,  1892-6.     Instructor  at  various 
times  in  N.B.S.,  P.S.,  U.S.,  Hast.  S.,  Allegheny  S.  and  L.S. 
He  was  a  theologian  by  nature  and  training.     His  views  of  truth  were 
well  defined  and  strongly  conservative.     He  strenuously  opposed,  in  private 
and  public,  what  he  regarded  as  dangerous  departures   from   the  doctrinal 
systems  of   Geneva,   Dort,  and  Westminster.     For  more  than   an  ordinary 
generation  he  was  an  acknowledged  leader  in  the  counsels  of  the  denomina- 
tion, with  which  his  name  and   memory  are   identified.     In   its   Missionary 
Boards  and  its   Classical  and   Synodical  Assemblies   his  firmness,  his  good 


THE  MINISTRY  279 

judgment,  his  readiness  in  discussion,  his  familiarity  with  ecclesiastical 
usages,  and  the  force  of  his  character,  gave  him,  generally,  an  influence  such 
as  hardly  any  other  minister  possessed  since  the  days  of  Dr.  Livingston. 
He  rendered  most  valuable  services  to  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  hav- 
ing been  its  President  from  1888-96,  and  one  of  the  most  generous  con- 
tributors to  its  funds. 

But  he  was  pre-eminently  a  student.  He  read  constantly  and  widely, 
rising  early  that  he  might  have  a  quiet  hour  every  day  for  the  study  of  the 
Scriptures  in  the  original  languages.  For  twenty-five  years  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  a  Greek  club,  and  seldom  allowed  anything  to  interfere  with  his 
presence  at  its  meetings.  He  was  well  acquainted  with  general  history, 
especially  familiar  with  church  history,  and  minutely  conversant  with  the 
history  of  the  Reformed  Church,  both  in  Europe  and  America.  He  kept 
himself  abreast  of  the  current  discussion  of  all  important  religious  ques- 
tions. He  read  carefully  and  critically  the  most  significant  works,  often 
writing  notices  of  them  for  some  paper  or  review.  But  he  read  with  hardly 
less  avidity  whatever  came  to  hand — poetry,  fiction,  the  most  recent  plays — 
partly  for  mental  rest  and  refreshment,  and  partly  that  he  might  know 
what  other  people  were  reading. 

The  work,  however,  outside  of  his  pulpit  and  pastoral  labors,  in  which 
he  took  the  deepest  interest,  was  that  which  he  performed  as  one  of  the 
American  Company  of  Revision  of  the  English  Bible,  and  which  extended 
over  a  period  of  ten  years.  He  was  the  only  pastor  in  the  Old  Testament 
Company,  and  was  one  of  its  most  faithful  and  highly  esteemed  members. 
At  a  later  date  he  was  no  less  prominently  connected  with  the  Alliance  of 
Reformed  Churches,  holding  the  Presbyterian  system.  He  was,  together 
with  Dr.  Philip  Schaff  and  Dr.  James  McCosh,  active  in  its  organization, 
became  Chairman  of  the  Western  Section  in  1884,  and  was  elected  Presi- 
dent of  the  Alliance  in  1892.  It  was  his  expectation,  if  his  life  had  been 
spared,  to  preside  at  its  sijcth  General  Council,  which  was  to  be  held  at 
Glasgow  in  June,  1896,  and  to  deliver  the  usual  presidential  address,  but  he 
died  a  few  months  before  this  meeting. 

See  notice  of  his  death,  in  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year-Book, "  1896,  279.  "Ac- 
count of  Memorial  Window  in  Middle  Ch.,"  in  "Year-Book,"  1897,  468. 
Sketch  of  his  life,  "Year-Book,"  1899,  817.  See  also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.," 
1896,  496.  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  of  Rutgers  College,"  1896,  3,  4.  "Rev. 
Dr.  E.  B.  Coe's  Commemorative  Discourse,"  1896,  with  an  Appendix  con- 
taining many  tributes  to  his  character.  Rev.  Dr.  J.  P.  Searle's  art.  in 
■"Presbyt.  and  Refd.  Review,"  1896;    printed  also  separately. 

For  a  fuller  sketch  and  list  of  his  very  numerous  publications  see  Man- 
ual, 1902. 

Chambers,  Theodore  Frelinghuysen  (son  of  T.  W.  Chambers),  b.  Raritan, 
N.  J..  May  14,  1849.  C.C.  N.Y.  68.  U.S.  71-  1-  by  Pres.  N.Y.  71  ; 
teaching  71-2;  ord.  CI.  Passaic,  ^2.  Ponds  N.  J.,  72-6,  (Clove,  Decker- 
town,  N.  J.,  76-83;    Sparta,  N.  J.,  84-7;    German  Valley,  N.  J.,  87-98; 

S.S.  Mine  Hill;  Dover,  N.  J..  1898 .    Dead. 

Publications  :  "Sparta  Centennial,"  "Early  Germans  of  N.  J.,"  "Life  of 
Edmund  D.  Halsey." 

Chapin,  Charles  Brooks  (son  of  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  B.  Chapin),  b.  N.  Y.  C, 
May  20.  1855;  C.N.J.  76,  U.T.S.  77-80.  lie.  by  N.  Y.  Presbyt.  80;  ord. 
by  Presb.  Jersey  City,  81  (Norwood,  N.  J.,  81-2,  Freeport,  L.  L,  83-7), 
Centennial  Chapel,  Brooklyn,  ist,  88-9  (Schenectady,  1890-2),  Hamil- 
ton Grange,  N.  Y.  C,  1893-1904.  Pres.  1904.  D.D.  by  U.N.Y.,  1895. 
Publications:  Contribution  to  the  Religious  Press. 
Chapman,  John  Liddel,  b.  Ash  Grove,  near  Clones,  Ireland,  Feb.  27,  1812; 
U.T.S.  38-41;  resident  lie.  41-2;  ord.  by  CI.  Bergen,  Nov.  16,  42; 
Clintonville  (Irvington),  N.  J.,  42-9,  Prin.  of  Chapman  Home  Insti- 
tute. Irvington,  49-61  (S.S.  Irving.  Kan.,  64-8,  Troy,  Kan.,  69-71,  Prof. 
Bib.  Theology,  Lay  College  of  T.  De  Witt  Talmage's  Tabernacle 
Church,  Brooklyn,   1872-9;    w.  c.   1879-91;    d.  July  2"]. 


280  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH   IN  AMERICA 

He  was  a  remarkable  scholar  and  teacher,  and  published  a  number  of 

school  books. 

Chapman,  J.  Wilbur,  b.  Richmond,  Ind.,  June  17,  1859;  Lake  Forest  Univ., 
79,  Lane  Sem.,  82,  lie.  Whitewater  Presb.  Ind.,  82;  Schuylerville,  N.  Y., 
83-5,  Albany,  ist,  85-90  (Bethany  Presbyt.  Ch.,  Philadelphia,  90-2,  en- 
gaged in  Evangelistic  work,  92-6,  Bethany,  again,  96-9,  4th  Presb.  Ch., 
N.  Y.  C,  1899 .     Also  engaged  in  evangelistic  work.     d.  1918,  Dec. 

25- 
See  "Johnson's  Sketch  of  Ch.  of  Albany,"  p.  40. 
Chapman,  Nathan  F.,  b.  West  Brook,  Ct.,  Aug.  17,  181 1;    R.C.  44,  N.B.S. 

47,  1.  CI.  N.B.;    Miss,  at  Keyport,  47-9,  Canajoharie,  49-53,  Plattekill, 

53-64,  Catsbaan,  64-73  (S.S.)  Mt.  Paran,  Md.,  74-81;   died  1893,  Feb.  2"]. 

See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1893,  893.     "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads  of  R.C," 

1893,  17- 
Cheff,  Peter  Paul,  b.  Rotterdam,  Neths.,  Oct.  9,  1873;    Doetinchem  Gym. 

Kampen   Theo.   Sch;     N.B.S.    1901  ;    1.   by   CI.    Paramus ;     Lawton   and 

Harrison,     Oklahoma,     1901-1902;     Grand     Rapids,     Grace,     1903-05; 

Jamestown,     ist,     1905-10;     Zeeland,     ist,     1910-17;      Holland,    Hope, 

1918 .     Instructor  in  H.C.  1917-18. 

Chester,  Chs.  H.,  b.  1816;    Schuylerville,  N.  Y.,  1844-9.     Died  1878.     For 

other  details  see  "Manual"  of   1879. 
Chickering,   Edward   O.,  b.   in   Brooklyn,   N.   Y.,   Feb.   9,   1866;     R.C.    1891, 

N.B.S.   1894,   lie.  by  CI Raritan,   111.,   1894-7,   Schagticoke,   N.  Y., 

four  months,  1897-8  ;•  d.  Mar.  12.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1898,  p.  242. 

"Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1898,  27. 
Chitara,   Ludwig,   once   an   Augustine   monk,   c.   to   America,    1785,   studied 

under  Hendel  and  Weyberg,  1.  about   1787;    Knowlton  and  Hardwick, 

N.  J.,  1787-92;  d.  "Harbaugh's  Lives,"  ii,  404. 
Chittenden,  Alanson  B.,  b.  at  Durham,  N.  Y.,   1797;  U.C   1824,  Aub.  Sem. 

28?  Miss,  to  Montgomery  Co.,  N.  Y.,  27-8,  Glen  and  Miss,  at  Charles- 
town,  31-4,  Amity,  34-9,  Westerlo,  39-40,  Sharon,  41-5;    d.  1853. 
Chrestensen,  David  Hanson,  b.  Andes,  N.  Y.     Ham.  Col.  1889.     Aub.  Sem. 

1892.    1.  by  Pres.  of  Utica.     (Pres.  Milford,  N.  Y.,  1892-4).    Irvington, 

N.  J.,   1894-96;    Blooming  Grove,  N.  Y.,   1897-1903;    Nassau,   N.   Y., 

1903— — -.    S.C  CI.  of  Rensselaer  1917 

Publications  :   Articles  in  Intelligencer." 
Christ,  Jacob,  b.   Aug.   5,   1855,  Germany.     Mission  House   Col.    1884  and 

Sem.  1886.     1.  by  CI.  Scheboyan,  Ref.  Ch.  U.S.     (Ref.  Ch.  U.S.  Wau- 

kon   1886-91;    Fountain   City,  Wis.,   1892-1902).     Rec'd   from  Ref.   Ch. 

U.S.  1902.     Salem,  S.D.,  1902-06.     (Ref.  Ch.  U.S.     Odebolt,  la.,  1906- 

13;    Ledyard,  la.,  1913-18,  Pastor  Emeritus. 
Christie,  James,  studied  under  Mason,   1815;   1.  1815;    Union  Village,  1816- 

18.    Assoc.  Ref. 
Christie,  John  I.,  b.  at  Schraalenberg,  1781  ;    CC  1799,  studied  under  Froe- 

Hgh,  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1802   (Amsterdam  and  Galway,  Presbyt.,  1803-12)  ; 

Warwick,  12-35;    d.  1845.     See  "Manual"  of  1879;    also  "Ch.  Int.,"  Ap. 

23,  1845- 
Christmas,  J.  C  H.,  b.  1868.    N.B.S.  1901-04.    Methodist. 
Church,   John   Brownson,   b.   Oxford,   N.   Y.,   June    15,    1843.      R.C.    1867, 

N.B.S.  70;   lie.  CI.  Rensselaer;    Taghkanic,  1870-7,  Rochester  (Accord), 

1877-92,  Riverside,  Paterson,  1 892-1 921.     d.  April  15. 
He  rendered  faithful  service  for  more  than  half  a  century  in  the  Reformed 
Church.     He  was  especially  successful  with  the  young.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn., 
1921,  641. 
Churchman,  Arthur  Brewer,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.     U.T.S.  1900.     1.  by  Pres. 

Brooklyn  1901.     (S.S.  Rutherford,  N.  J.,  1898.     Wallington,  N.  J.,  1900. 

Ass.  Pastor  Madison  Ave.,  N.Y.C.  1901-04.    Bethany  Memorial,  N.Y.C, 

1904 .     In  charge,  Madison  Ave.,  N.Y.C,  1915-18.     S.C.  CI.  N.  Y. 

1909 .     Sec.  U.T.S.  Alumni  Club,  1909 


THE    MINISTRY  281 

Clancy,  John,  Florida,  1855-60,  Presbyt. 

Clapp,  Ernest,  b.  Newton,  N.  C,  Dec.  11,  1867;  Ursinus  Col.,  89,  U.T.S. 
89-90,  Urs.  T.S.  90-1  (ord.  by  Ger.  Refd.  CI.  of  Philadelphia;  Royers- 
ford.  Pa.,  1891-2)  ;  Hopewell,  N.  Y.,  1892-1903.  Upper  Red  Hook, 
1904-13.  Poughkeepsie,  Emmanuel,  1914-18.  Also  S.S.  Hyde  Park, 
1917-18.    New  Paltz,  1918 .    D.D.  Catawba  C,  1918. 

Clark,  John  Lewis,  b.  Decatur,  111.,  Aug.  27,  1865;  Lin.U.  91,  U.T.S.  94 
(ord.  by  Presbyt.  Mackinaw,  Sept.  27,  1890;  Chapel  Miss.  Presbyt., 
Brooklyn,  1892-5)  ;  Assist.  Pastor  CoUeg.  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C,  1895-7  (Chi- 
cago, Cumb.  Presb.,  1898-1901),  w.  c. 

Clark,  Rob.  C.  Univ.  Penn.  1834.  N.B.S.  1838,  1.  CI.  of  Philadelphia; 
license  afterward  withdrawn  at  his  own  request,  1844. 

Clark,  Rufus  W.,  b.  in  Newburyport,  Mass.,  Dec.  17,  1813;  Y.  C.  38,  New 
Haven  and  And.  Sems.,  41,  lie.  Presbyt.  Newburyport,  1840  (Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  Presbyt.,  41-2,  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  Cong.,  42-51,  Maver- 
ick, Ch.,  East  Boston,  Cong.,  51-6,  Brooklyn,  Cong.,  57-62)  ;    Albany, 

1st,  1862-82;    d.  Aug.,  1885.     D.D.  by 

Dr.  Clark  was  a  faithful  pastor,  a  strong  preacher  and  a  kindly  friend. 

He  was  also  a  very  voluminous  writer  of  books,  pamphlets  and  newspaper 

articles.    For  a  list  of  these  see  Manual,  1902. 

Clark,  Wm.   (S.S.)    Buel,  N.  Y.,   1843-4. 

Clark,  Wm.  Hendee,  b.  at  Hudson,  Ohio,  Ap.  11,  1837;  W.R.C.  59,  U.S.  63, 
lie.  by  Presb.  Brooklyn;  ord.  by  Presb.  of  Columbia,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  6,  1864 
(Spencertown,  N.  Y.  (Presbyt.),  1863-5);  Chapel  of  (Zolleg.  Ch., 
N.  Y.  C,  cor.  29th  St.  and  Seventh  av.,  65-9,  Chapel  of  Colleg.  Ch., 
cor.  54th  St.  and  Seventh  av.,  69-72,  Paterson  (Broadway),  72-81, 
Nyack,  N.  Y..  81-6.  Philadelphia,  2d,  86-91.     Bay  City,  Mich.   (Presb.), 

91-6,  Detroit,  Mich.   (Immanuel  Ch.),  96 .     D.D.  by  Adelbert  Coll. 

of  Western  Reserve  Univ.,  O.,  1884. 

Clark,  William  Walton  <son  of  Rufus  W.  Clark),  b.  at  Portsmouth, 
N.  H.,  May  8,  1846;  Wms.  Coll.  66,  U.T.S.  77.  He  by  the  Congrega- 
tionalists  (Painsville,  O.  (Cong.),  77-9),  Brighton  Heights,  S.  I.,  80-7, 
engaged  iii  Evangelistic  work,  87-97,  Field  Sec.  of  Bd.  Dom.  Miss., 
1 898- 1908.     Supplying  and  advising  many  churches.     Editor  of   Sower 

and  Mission  Field.     Lecturer,  Union  Miss.  Training  Institute,  191 5 

PuBLiCATioxs  :    Many  contributions  to  "Ch.  Int." 

Clarke,  James  E.,  b.  Jamaica.  L.  I.,  Jan.  5,  1868.  N.B.S.  89-91.  Presby- 
terian. 

Clearwater,  Chs.  Knapp,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  July  23,  1856;    C.C.  N.Y.  76,  U.S.  79, 

lie.  Presbvt.  N.  Y. ;    Mt.  Vernon.  N.  Y.,  79-94,  Newtown,  ist,  1S94 . 

S.C.  CI.  Westchester.     S.C.  N.C.  L.I. 
See  "American  Ancestry,"  vol.  iii. 
PuBt.iCATioxs :    Many  articles  for  the  religious  press. 

Cleghorn,  Elisha  B.,  b.  in  Missouri;  P.S.  1850  entered  R.D.C.,  w.  c.  1868-74. 
For  details  see  "Manual,"  1879;    P.S.  Gen.  Catalogue. 

Clements,  Harvey.  Ass.  Col.  Ch.  of  St.  Nicholas,  N.  Y.  C,  1910.  Presby- 
terian. 

Cleveland,  Geo.  H.,  b.  in  N.  Y.,  Alay  27,  1851  ;  R.C.  73,  N.B.S.  76;  lie.  CI. 
N.B.;   Annandale,  1877-81   (Presbvt.,  1883).     Teacher,    d.  Feb.  22,  1906. 

Clifford.  P.  H.,  b.  Feb.  24.  1878.  Brooklyn.  N.  Y.  Mt.  Hermon  Sch.  C.U. 
Crozer  T.S.  1904.  1.  by  Hanson  Place  Baptist  Ch.  1898.  Lefferts 
Place,  Brooklyn.  Pearl  St.  Bapt.  Ch..  Bridgeton.  N.  J.  4th  Ave.  Baptist, 
Brooklyn.  Field  Sec.  South  African  General  Mission,  1909-ic.  Rec'd 
from  Baptist  1911.     Brooklyn,  Bethany,  1911-13;    Gravcsend,  ist,  1913- 

17;    Ridgewood,  1918 

PuBLiiATioxs :    "Jesus  is  Kinc,"  65;    "Bible  Lessons  in  Matt.,"  "What 

Time  Is  It?"     "Whose  Son  Art  Thou?"- — Gospel  Hymn  and  Poems. 

Clifton.  Samuel  Tilden,  b.  Easton.  Pa.,  Ap.  30,  1874;  Lafayette  Coll.  94, 
U.T.S.   98,   1.   CI.   Orange;     Wurtsboro,   97-1900,   Coxsackie,    2d,    1900- 


282  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

1917,   Congregational.     Also   Prof   Greek  and   Latin  at   Chambersburg, 
Pa.,  Academy,   1894-95,  Post-Grad.  student  at  Lafayette  and  Columbia, 
1896-99.     Ph.D.  1899. 
Clist,    Chs.    Lawrence,   b.    Port    Richmond,    N.    Y.,    April    16,    i860;     R.C. 
N.B.S.    1889,   1.   CI.   N.B.;     Montville,   89-91,   Jersey   City,   Free   Refd., 
91-5,    (Brooklyn)     Marbletown,    N.    Y.,    1901-04.      S.S.    Krumville    & 
Lyonville,   1901-04.     Plattekill,   1904-09.     Mile  Square,  Yonkers    (S.S.) 
1912-13.     Dis.  to  Cong.,   1915. 
Close,  John,  b.  at  Greenwich,  Ct.,  1737 ;  C.N.J.  1763,  1.  Presbyt.  of  Dutchess 
Co.,  1765   (Huntington,  1766-73,  New  Windsor  and  Newburgh,  1773-96 
Presbyt.),    Waterford    and    Middletown,    1796-1804.      S.S.    Niskayuna 
about  1803.    d.  1815. 
Publication  :    Discourse  on  Federal  or  Relative  Holiness,  1803. 
Clost,   John.     Middletown    (Half   Moon)    1791  •''      Perhaps   same   as,   Close, 

John. 
Clough,  see  Clowe. 

Clowe,  Clinton  Wilson,  b.  Glenville,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  15,  1868;  U.C.  93,  N.B.S. 
96,  1.  CI.  Schenectady;  Ganesvoort,  96-7;  Delmar,  98-1901;  Shokan 
and  Shandakin,  1903-05;  Thomas,  Okl.,  1907;  Pennsylvania  Lane, 
111.,  1908-09;  West  Hurley  and  Woodstock,  N.  Y.,  1912-13;  Schoharie, 
1913-14.  Dis.  to  Pres.,  1914. 
Cludius,  Theodore,  studied  in  Europe,  1.  CI.  N.  B.   1865;    New  Brunswick, 

3d,  65-6;    joined  Ger.  IJefd.  Ch. 
Clute,  N.  M.    Student  N.B.S.  1838-9.    d.  1895- 

Cobb,  Henry  Evartson  (son  of  Oliver  E.  Cobb),  b.  at  Hopewell,  Dutchess 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  March  25.  1863;  R.C.  84,  P.S.  88,  lie.  N.  CI.  L.  L;  West 
Troy,  N.  Y.,  88-92,  Collegiate,  West  End  av.  and  77th  st.,  N.  Y.  C, 

1892 .      Pres.    Bd.    F.M.      Trustee    R.C.   and   Vassar    C.      Director 

U.T.S.    D.D.  by  U.N.Y.  and  R.C,  1901 
Publications  :    Several  Sermons. 
Cobb,  Henry  Nitchie,  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  Nov.  15,  1834;    Y.C.  1855,  U.  S.  1857, 
1.  3d  Presbyt.  N.  Y.,  i860;  ord.  by  3d  Presb.  N.  Y.,  May  16,  i860;  Miss, 
to  the  Nestorians  in   Persia  and  Koordistan    (Am.   Bd),   1860-2,   Mill- 
brook,    1866-81.      Cor.    Sec.    of    Bd.    Foreign    Missions,    1881-1910.      d. 
April   17.     Dr.  Cobb's  29  years  of   service  as  Cor.   Sec.  of   Bd.   F.M. 
were  noted  as  a  time  of  enlarging  missionary  opportunity  and  enlarging 
consecration  to  meet  that  opportunity.     In  his  position  of  mediator  be- 
tween the  Church  at  home  and  the  work  abroad,  he  filled  his  office  with 
faith  and  power.     Thus  he  made  full  proof  of  his  ministry. — See  Min. 
Gen.   Syn.,   191G,  818.     D.D.   R.C,   1878.     Chairman  of   Exec.  Com.  of 
Ecumen,  Council  on  Foreign  Missions,  N.  Y.,  1900. 
Publications  :    Besides  many  articles   in  the  periodicals  of  the  day,   he 
published    (tract)    "Mind   Your   Business"    (M.    Ep.    Soc),    1859;    "Letters 
from  Constantinople  and  Oroomiah."  in  "Bib.  Soc.  Record,"  "N.  Y.  Evan- 
gelist,"' "Ch.   Intelligencer,"  and   "Miss   Herald,"    1861-2;     Series   of    "Pas- 
toral  Letters   to   the   Helpers   of   the   Nestorian   Missions   in   the   Koordish 
Mountains"  (Oroomiah,  1861-2)  ;    Ed.  of  "Rays  of  Light,"  a  monthly  paper 
in  the  Syriac  language  (Oroomiah,  1861-2)  ;    "Almanic,"  1861-2,  in  Modern 
Syriac;     "Sab. -school    Hymn-book,"    in    Modern    Syriac,    1862;    edited    the 
"Ancient   Syriac   New   Testament"   for   Am.   Bib.    Soc,    1874;     "Suggestive 
Readings    from    Syriac    New    Testament,"    in    "Presbyt.    Quarterly,"    1874; 
edited  and  wrote  Introduction  to  "Songs  in  the  Valley  of  Achor,"  1874;  and 
poems  in  newspapers,  in  "The  Changed  Cross,"  and  "The  Shadow  of  the 
Rock."     "Far  Hence"  :    Letters  written  on  a  tour  of  Foreign  Missions  of 
R.C. A.,    1892.      "A    Century   of    Missions"   of    R.C.A.,    1897.      Reports   of 
Board  of  Foreign  Missions,  R.C.A.,  yearly  after  1883. 

Cobb,  Oliver  Ellsworth,  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  21  March,  1833;  Y.C.  53,  U.S.  57, 
lie.  by  3d  Presb.,  N.  Y.,  57;  Hopewell,  N.  Y.,  57-72,  Flushing,  72-90. 
Died  at  Tarrytown,  N.  Y.,  23  Sept.,  1891. 


THE    MINISTRY  283 

A  rarely  furnished  minister  of  Jesus  Christ,  so  modest  that  many  failed 
to  appreciate  his  worth. 
See  Manual,   1902. 

Publications:  "The  Beloved  Physician":  A  Sermon  at  the  Funeral  of 
Denis  Wortman,  M.D.,  Hopewell.  N.  Y.,  1864.  "History  of  the  Refd. 
Ch.  of  Flushing":    A  Sermon,  1882. 

Cobb,  Sanford  Hoadley.  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  4  Feb.,  1838;    Y.C.  58,  P.S.  62,  1.  3d 
Presbyt.    N.    Y. ;     Schoharie,    64-71,    Saugerties,    71-83,    Grand    Rapids, 
Mich.    (Presb.),  Westminster,   85-94,   ist   Presb.   Greenwich,   Ct.,    1900- 
1901.    d.  1910,  April  27. 
For  a  list  of  publications  see  Manual,  1902. 
Cochran,  Ab.  Gibson,  b.  Winhall,  Vt.,  Feb.   11,   1822;    Med.  Coll.  47,   P.S. 
47-8;    S.S.  at  Easton,  63-70,  S.S.  Union  Village,  65-7,  Gansevoort,  70-83, 
S.S.  Easton,  83-8;    d.  1902,  July  19.     For  further  details,  see  "P.  Sem. 
Gen.  Cat." 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1903,  515. 
Cock,  Gerhard,  Daniel,  Rhinebeck   (Ger.  Ch.)   and  Camp   (or  Germantowri, 
N.  Y.),  1764-91,  died;    also  supplied  New  Paltz,  2d,  1768-70,  and  Lin- 
lithgo,  1772-9. 
See  his  petition  to  Sir  Henry  Moore  against  Hardenberg,  etc.,  who  forced 
him  to  take  the  oath  of  allegiance,  when  seeking  to   suspend  Meyer,   1754, 
"Doc.  Hist.,"  iii,  598.  991  ■     His  call  to  Camp  and  Reinbeck,  dated  Feb.  27, 
1764,  is  in  Record  Book  at  Germantown,  N.  Y. 

Coe,  Edward  Benton   (son  of   Rev.  Dr.  David  B.  Coe),  b.  at  Milford,  Ct., 
June   II,   1842;    Y.C.  62,   Yale   Sem.;    U.T.S.  61-3,   Prof,  of   Modern 
Langs.,   Yale  Coll.,  64-79,  lie.  by  Manhattan  Association    (Cong.),  "jy ; 
ord.  by  CI.  N.  Y.,  Oct.  2,  79;    New  York,  Collegiate  Ch.,  5th  Ave.  and 
48th   St.,  79-99,    Senior   Minister,    1899-1914.     d.   March   19.     D.D.   by 
R.C.  1881  and  by  Y.C.  1885.     LL.D.  by  R.C.  1893.     President  of  Gen- 
eral   Synod,    1898.      Member    Bd.    Superintendents    1890-1910.      Trustee 
C.U.  1896-1914,  of  R.C.  1887-1914,  Robert  C.  1894-1914,  Leake  &  Watts 
Orphan    Asylum    1 896-1914.      Trustee    Arp.    Seamen's    Friend    Society. 
W.T.S.    1898-1908,  Manager  of  the  Pres.  Hospital   1896-1914,  Member 
Bd.  F.M.  1896-1914. 
As  a  pastor   he  was  beloved  by  his  people,   as  a  preacher   he   was  clear 
and  forcible,  clothing  his  thought  in  a  singular  felicity  of  diction  and  pur- 
ity of  style.     In  the  many  boards  and  directorates,  upon  which  he  was  called 
to  serve,  he  displayed  administrative  ability  of  a  high  order.     To  whatever 
service  duty  drew  him  he  gave  a  clear  mind  and  a  judgment  which  seldom 
erred.     In  social  life  he  was  distinguished  by  a  rare  and  delicate  courtesy 
and  in  every  relation  he  displayed  the  qualities  of  a  cultured  gentleman.     See 
Year  Book  of  Col.  Ch.,   1914,   IC95,  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,   1914,  240.     For  a  list 
of  his  publications  see  Manual,  1902. 

Coenen,  Herbert  Gerhard,  b.  April  15,  1886,  Germany.  German  High 
School.  Magdelberg,  1903.  German  Theological  Sem.,  1909.  1.  by  Luth- 
eran Ch.,   1909.      (Lutheran.  Jeffersonville,  N.   Y.,   1911-16;    Arlington, 

1916-19).    Newark,  N.  J.,  West  Reformed,  1919 .    German  Teacher, 

High  School,  Nyack,  N.  Y. 
Coens,  Henricus,  reed,  into  CI.  Amst.  June  4,  1725,  from  Wester  Nieuland; 
ord.  by  CI.  Amst.  Sept.  4,  1725,  and  sailed  for  America,  Oct.  7,  1725. 
Aquackanonck,  Second  River,  Pompton,  Ponds,  1726-35,  d.  Feb.  14. 
He  organized  the  secession  elements  in  the  Raritan  churches.  He  also 
wrote  to  Holland  a  detailed  account  of  the  troubles  between  the  churches 
of  Second  River  (Belleville)  and  Aquackanonck.  See  "Ecc.  Rec, 
N.  Y." 
Colbert,  J.  T.     Rec'd  from  Pres.   1905.     Florence.  S.C,  All  Souls,   1905-11. 

Pres. 
Colby,  H.  E.     Gotcbo,  Okl.,   1906-07;    Oklahoma  City   (S.S.).   1908;    Buck 
Creek,  Okl.,  1908. 


284  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Colden,  Wm.,  b.  Coldenham,  N.  Y.,  1845.  Syracuse  Univ.  1876.  Four  years 
M.E.  Conference  Course.  1.  by  M.E.  Conference,  1874.  M.E.  pastor- 
ate and  business.    Reed,  from  M.E.  Ch.  Bloomingburgh,  N.  Y.,  191 5 

Publications  :    Articles  in  the  press. 
Cole,  David   (s.  of  Isaac  D.  Cole),  b.  at  Spring  Valley,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  22, 
1822;  R.C.  42,  lie.  by  Pres.  N.B.  58;    ord.  by  CI.  N.B.  58.     East  Mill- 
stone, 58-63,  Prof,  of  Greek  Lang,  and  Lit.  in  R.C.,  63-66;    Yonkers, 
65-97;    w.  c.     d.   1903,  Oct.  20.     D.D.  by  Franklin  and  Marshall  Col- 
lege,  1865.     Pres.  of  General  Synod  in  1884. 
Dr.    Cole   was   a   man   of    transparent   character   and   eminent    Christian 
graces.    He  was  in  taste  and  training  a  scholar.    The  riches  which  he  found 
in  the  Scripture  and  elsewhere  he  gave  to  his  people  on  the  Sabbath.     His 
first  sermon  in  Yonkers  was  on  the  text,   "I  determined  to  know  nothing 
among  you  save  Jesus   Christ  and   Him  crucified."     His  last   sermon   was 
from  the  text,  "And  when  they  had  lifted  up  their  eyes  they  saw  no  man 
save  Jesus  only."    These  two  texts  appropriately  bound  his  preaching  through 
all  the  years. 

See   Min.   Gen.    Syn.,    1904,  831. 
For  list  of  his  publications  see  Manual,   1902. 
Cole,  Isaac  D.,  b.  at  Spring  Valley,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  25,  1799;    N.B.S.  1829,  1.  CI. 
N.  Y.,   1829;    ord.   CI.   Paramus,   1831 ;    assistant  at  Tappan,   1829-31, 
colleague  at  Tappan,   1831-2,  Totowa,  2d,   1832-3,  Tappan  again,   1833- 
64,  w.  c,  but  supplying  Presbyt.  Ch.,  New  Hempstead,  N.  Y.,  occasion- 
ally.    Died  Aug.  30,   f878. 
He  carried   the  spirit  of   Dr.   Livingston  and  his  contemporaries   into  a 
later  generation. 

See  Hist.  Ch.  of  Tappan,  1894,  pp.  91-109.    Manual,  1902. 
Publication  :    "Gospel  Preaching,"  1850. 
Cole,  Philip  Henry,  b.  Rhinebeck,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  27,  1864;    U.C.  88;    U.T.S. 
88-9 ;    ord.  CI.  Schenectady,  Oct.  20,  91 ;    Assist.  Prof.  English  in  U.C. 
89-95;      Schenectady    2d,     91-7,    Syracuse,     1897-1907.      Presbyterian, 

1907 

Cole,  Solomon  T.,  b.  Esopus,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  5,  1836;    N.B.S.  64;    1.  CI.  Ulster; 

Plattekill,  64-8,   Preakness,  68-72,    Schagticoke,   72-9,   Westerlo,   79-82, 

Tyre,  82-4,  Plattekill,  84-91,  Esopus,  96-99,  w.  c.    d.  Feb.  4,  1917.     See 

Min.  Gen.  Syn..  1917,  256. 

Colenbrander,   Henry,   b.   Dec.  4,    1885.     H.C.    '13,   W.S.    1916.     1.   by   CI. 

Passaic.      Sioux   City,   la..    1916-17;    Rock   Valley,    la.,    1917 

Collier.  Edward  Augustus   (brother  of  Ezra  and  Jos.  Collier),  b.  N.  Y.  C, 
1835;    N.Y.U.  57;    P.S.  60;    1.  Presbyt.  of  Nassau,  59;   ord.  by  Presbyt. 
North  River  Nov.  6,  60  (Saugerties,  Cong.  60-1,  Amenia,  N.  Y.,  Presby. 
61-4)  ;    Kinderhook,  1864-1907.     P.Em.  1907-20.    d.  Dec.  3.     D.D.    S.C. 
CI.  Rensselaer,  34  years.    Treasurer  CI.  Rensselaer,  11  years. 
Dr.  Collier  was  a  man  of  brilliant  ability  which  by  diligent  study  revealed 
itself  in  unusual  intellectual  power  and  poetic  taste.     He  was  a  close  stu- 
dent of  the  Scriptures,  a  superior  preacher  and  an  unusual  pastor.     Hence 
he  became  one  of  the  most  eminent  ministers  and  citizens  in  eastern  New 
York. 

Sec  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1921,  635. 

Publications  :  "Hist.  Disc,  at  Kinderhook,"  "The  Hallowed  House," 
1865.  Sermon  at  Inauguration  of  Prof.  Henry  E.  Dosker  in  West.  The- 
olog.   Sem.,  1894. 

Contributions  to  Periodicals  and  Papers  :  Metrical  versions  of  many  of 
the  Psalms ;    Hymns  and  other  Verses  in  variety  and  large  numbers. 

Hymns  in  "Royal  Praise,"  "Gospel  Hymns,"  "Church  Hymnary,"  Trinity 
Hymn  in  "Church  Hymnary"  of  Presbyt.  Ch.,  in  Scotch,  Canadian  and 
English  Presbyt.  Hymnals,  in  S.S.  Hymnals.  On  joint  committee  for  the 
publication  of  the  Hymnal  of  the  Reformed  Churches.  Prose  articles  in 
the  press,  signed  and  unsigned. 


THE    MINISTRY  285 

Collier,   Ezra  Warren,   b.   at    Plymouth,   Mass.,   Nov.    10,    1826;     R.C.   48, 

N.B.S.  54,  1.  S.  CI.  N.  Y.,  Manhattan  Ch.  N.  Y.  C.  54-6,  Freehold,  2d, 

56-66,  Coxsackie,  2d,  66-67,  died  at  Aiken,  S.  C,  Dec.  5.   1869. 
He  was  a  man  of  great  mental   ability  and  unusual   skill   in  the  use  of 
language.     He  had  a  fine  literary  taste,  enjoying  beautiful  literary  expres- 
sion as  the  musician  enjoys  music.     He  was  a  childlike  Christian,  and  a 
devoted  minister  of   Jesus   Christ. 
See  Manual,   1902. 

Publications  :    Biography  of  his  brother  Joseph,  as  an  Introduction  to 
the  latter's  work,  "Dawn  of   Heaven."     Many  articles  and  poems   for  the 
press. 
Collier,  George  Zabriskie   (son  of  Rev.  Ezra  W.  Collier),  b.  at  Freehold, 

N.  J.,  Apr.  9,  1862;    R.C.  1883,  N.B.S.  1886,  lie.  CI.  N.B.;    Stuyvesant, 

N.   Y.,    1886-9,   Alexandria   Bay,    N.   Y.,    1890-6,   Grand   Haven,    Mich. 

(2d),   1896-1900,   Mellenville,   N.  Y.,   1900-1910.     Middleburgh,   N.   Y., 

1910 .     Pres.  P.S.A.   1914. 

Publications  :    Many  articles  for  the  magazines  and  papers. 
Collier,   Isaac,  b.  Athens,   N.  Y..   Sept.  8,   1830.     R.C.    1857,   N.B.S.   60,   1. 

CI.    Greene;     Coevmans,    60-66.    Battle    Creek,   66-70,    Addisville,    Pa., 

71-84  (Cong.,  Augusta,  Mich.,  1885).    d.  Feb.  18,  1914.     See  Min.  Gen. 

Syn.,  1914,  242. 
Collier,  Isaac  Henry,  b.  at  Athens,  N.  Y.,  1834;    R.C.  59,  N.B.S.  62,  1.  CI. 

Greene;    Catsbaan,  62-4,   Nassau,   64-5,   Lodi,   N.  Y.,  65-70,   Saratoga, 

70-74,  Montville,  74-9   (S.S.  Oakfield,   N.  Y.      (Presb.),   1879-81);    d. 

Feb.  19. 
Collier,  John  Win.  Porter.     Allen  Un.   191 1.     Student  N.B.S.  I9i4-i7- 
Collier,  Joseph  A.,  b.  at  Plymouth,  Mass.,  Oct.  26,  1828;    R.C.  49,  N.B.S. 

52,   1.    S.   CI.   N.   Y. ;     Greenville  and   Bronxville,    52-5,    Geneva,   55-9, 

Kingston,  2d,  59-64;  d.  August. 
His  manner  was  animated,  forcible,  tender,  persuasive;  his  glowing  eye 
and  radiant  countenance  attesting  to  all  his  thorough  earnestness  and  his 
deep  sympathy  with  his  sacred  themes.  He  possessed  unusual  qualifica- 
tions for  the  work  of  the  ministry,  and  his  brief  labors  were  crowned  with 
large  success.  He  ever  felt  the  deepest  interest  in  the  spiritual  welfare  of 
the  young.  He  preached  at  Kingston  a  series  of  Sabbath  evening  dis- 
courses to  the  youth  of  his  flock,  which  were  afterward  published  under  the 
title  of  "The  Young  Men  of  the  Bible."  But  especially  did  his  heart 
turn  toward  the  children.  Into  this  field  he  threw  himself  with  peculiar 
ardor  and  delight  and  with  great  success.  He  loved  to  lead  the  lambs  into 
green  pastures.  One  regular  Sabbath  service  in  each  alternate  month  he 
devoted  entirely  to  the  children.  At  such  times  he  delivered  discourses 
adapted  to  the  comprehension  of  the  youngest,  though  instructive  to  all. 
Two  series  of  these  discourses  have  been  published  under  the  titles  of 
"Little  Crowns  and  How  to  Win  Them"  and  "Pleasant  Paths  for  Little 
Feet."  "The  Christian  Home"  and  "The  Dawn  of  Heaven"  are  also  pro- 
ductions of  his  pen,  the  latter  published  after  his  death.  He  was  a  sym- 
pathizing pastor.  While  he  loved  books,  he  loved  his  people.  His  min- 
istry was  a  model  of  pastoral  fidelity.  He  walked  habitually  with  God. 
See  "The  Dawn  of  Heaven,"  in  which  is  found  a  Ijiographical  sketch  by 
his  brother  Ezra.  He  also  published  "The  Strife  and  the  Crown,"  a  tem- 
perance ser.,  1861,  and  "The  Right  Way."  a  prize  essay  on  Peace.  Am. 
Tract  So.  See  "McClintock's  Cvc."  Also  Manual.  1902. 
Collins,  Barnabas  V.,  b.  1814;    Lafayette  Coll.,  Pa.,  N.B.S.  42.  1.  CI.  N.  Y. ; 

West  Farms,  42-5.  Ponds.  45-67,  w.  c. ;    d.  1877,  July  23. 
Publication  :  "A  Review  of  .Seven  Years'  Ministry,"  1854. 
Collins.   Chas.     Philadelphia   Classical   Institute,  theology  in   private,  1.   CI. 

Philadelphia,   1858   (S.S.   Norristown,   Pa.,   Presbyt.,  61-2),   S.S.  Mana- 

yunk,  63-4   (S.S.  Jeffersonville  Presbyt.,   1866). 
Collins,  Charles  G..  b.  1874.     In  N.B.S.  1909-11.     Methodist. 


286  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Collins,  Charles  M.  Rec'd  from  Presbyterian  1908.  Steinway  (S.S.), 
1906-08.    Dis.  Pres.  Ch.  U.S.A. 

Collins,  James  M.,  b.  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  8,  1843.  Univ.  N.Y.  1864. 
N.B.S.   1864-5,  teaching,    d.  March  9,   1898. 

Comfort,   Lawrence  L.,  b.   Nov.   5,   1822,  in  Orange   Co.,   N.   Y. ;    U.C.  48, 
N.B.S.  51,  1.  CI.  Orange;    Rockaway,  52-4,  New  Hurley,  54-71,  in  Eu- 
rope,   1871-2,   Berea,   72-9;    d.   July   21. 
Publications:    "Centennial  Hist.  Disc,  at  New  Hurley,"   1870. 

Compton,  Jas.  Murphy,  b.  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Aug.  18,  1817;  R.C.  43,  N.B.S. 
46,  1.  CI.  N.  B.  Tyre,  47-So;  Piffardinia,  50-1,  Kiskatom,  51-4,  Union 
and  Jerusalem,  54-60,  Gallupville  and  Knox,  60-3,  S.S.  at  Currytown 
and  Mapletown,  64-8,  Stone  Arabia,  and  Ephratah,  68-9,  Stone  Arabia, 
69-70,  Columbia  and  Henderson,  70-4,  Columbia,  74-5,  Union,  75-8,. 
S.S.  Spraker's  Basin  and  Currytown,  78-82,  at  Mapletown,  6  ms., 
82,  Columbia  (Herkimer  Co.),  N.  Y.,  88-1891;  d.  Dec.  12.  "Mints. 
Gen.   Syn.,"   1892,   654.     "Biog.   Notices   of   Grads.    R.C,"   1892,   28. 

Compton,  William  Edgar  Wells,  b.  Jamesburg,  N.  J..  Nov.  10,  1870; 
R.C.  94.  N.B.S.  97.  1.  CI.  N.  B.;  West  Copake,  N.  Y.,  1897-1902 
Tappan,     1902-10;     Keyport,    1910-13;     Mariners'    Harbor,    1913-1919 

Schenectady,  Mt.  Pleasant,  1920 .     Press  Clerk  Gen.  Synod,  1910 • 

Lecturer  on  Am.  Hist,  for  N.  Y.  Bd.  of  Ed. 
Publications:    "The  Flag,"  1914.    Many  articles  and  stories  in  many  pub- 
lications. 

Conant,  Chs.  Albion,  b.  Temple  Moins,  July  28,  1833 ;  U.C.  60,  Bangor 
Sem.  and  Aub.  Sem. '63,  lie.  Cong.  Assoc,  Bangor,  Me.,  62;  ord- 
Cayuga  Presb.,  64  (Moravia,  N.  Y.,  64-5,  Genoa,  N.  Y.,  65-71,  Pike, 
N.  Y.,  71,  Amherst,  Mass.,  72-6,  Duluth,  Minn.,  76-8,  Cannon  Falls, 
Minn.,  78-82,  St.  Paul,  Minn..  82-4,  Voorheesville,  N.  Y.,  87-92), 
Lisha's  Kill,  1893-1905.  S.S.  Glen,  N.  Y.,  1905-09.  d.  1916,  Sept.  28. 
Min.    Gen.    Syn.,    191 7,    254. 

Condict,  Ira,  b.  at  Orange,  N.  J.,  Feb.  21,  1764;  C.N.J.  1784,  studied  under 
Dr.  John  Woodhull,  of  Monmouth,  1.  Presbyt.  N.  B.  1786  (Hardwick, 
Newtown,  and  Shappenock,  Presbyt.,  1787-93)  ;  New  Brunswick,  1794- 
181 1,  also  Prof.  Moral  Phil,  in  Queen's  Col.  and  Vica-President  of  the 
same,  1809-11;  d.  June  i.  Elected  a  trustee  of  Queen's  College,  1774; 
also  Pres.  of  same,  1794-1810. 
He  was  a  man  of   great  piety,   zeal  and  determination,   and   remarkably 

successful  as  a  preacher  and  pastor.     Under  his  influence   Queen's   College 

was  revived  in  1807  and  an  endowment  secured.     To  Dr.  Condict  more  than 

to   any  other   person   the   college   is   indebted   for   the   old   campus   and   the 

Queen's   Hall.     He  was  also  interested  in  the  removal  of  the   Theological 

Seminary  of  the  Ref.  Ch.  to  New  Brunswick  in  1810. 

See  Manual,   1902,  also  art.  in  "Sprague's  Annals,"  by  Dr.  Cannon,  and 

"Alden's    Biog.    Diet."      "McClintock's    Cyc." 

Publications  :    "A  Disc.  Commemorative  of  Washington,"  1799.     Sketch 

in  "Inauguration  of  Dr.  Gates  as  Pres.  Rutgers  College,"  p.  82. 

Condit,  Charles  B.,  b.  June  7,  1872,  West  Orange,  N.  J.  P.U.  1895. 
P.S.  1897.  1.  by  Pres.  of  Morris  and  Orange  1897.  (Pres.  Liberty 
Corner,  1898-1907).     Newark,  Trinity,   1907-17;    Ass.,  Newark,  North, 

1918-20;     Irvington,   2d,   Ref.,    1920 .      S.C.   CI.    Newark. 

Publications:    Articles  for  religious  press. 

Conger,  Alexander  Millspaugh,  b.  Feb.  18,  1887,  Union  Church,  N.  Y. 
R.C.  1910.  P.S.  1913.  1.  by  CI.  Albany  1913.  New  Hackensack, 
1914-20;  (Ass.  Pastor,  2d,  Presbyterian  Church,  Newark,  N.  J., 
1920 ). 

Conger,  Willard,  b.  Whitestone,  L.  I.,  Feb.  23,  1874;  R.C.  96,  N.B.S.  99, 
lie.  by  CI.  N.B. ;  instructor  in  Rutgers  Preparatory  School,  99-1901 ; 
Asbury  Park,  1901-05;  Port  Jervis  (Deerpark),  1905-20.  (Pres. 
Rocky  Mount,  N.  C,  1920 ). 


THE    MINISTRY  28/ 

Conklin,  John  Woodruff    (s.  of   Nath.  Conklin),  b.   Montville,   N.   J.,   Dec. 
30,    1851  ;     R.C.    71,    teaching,    71-3.    N.B.S.    76,    lie.    CI.    N.B.,    Boon- 
ton,  76-80;    Missionary   in   India,  81-90,   retd.  to  America;     S.S.   Fair- 
field,  N.   J.,   93-5,   Prof,  of    Sociology  and   Missions   in   Bible   Normal 
College,   Springfield,  Mass.,  95-1900,  Field  Sec.  of   Bd.  For.  Missions, 
1900-1907.     Metuchen,  N.  J.,  1908-09.     d.  Sept.  12. 
Mr.  Conklin  was  a  man  of  rare  and  earnest  spirit,  and  beloved  of  all  who 
knew   him.      Few   covered   so   wide   a   field,    so   thoroughly   and    with   such 
acceptance.     The  result  of  his  labors  cannot  be  measured.     See  Min.  Gen. 
Syn.,  1910.  821. 

Conklin,  Marion  Townsend,  b.  Kingston,  N.  Y.,  July  9,  1856.  R.C.  1881, 
N.B.S.  84,  1.  CI.  Ulster.  Whitehouse,  84-90,  Wallkill,  90-1900, 
(Presbyt.,  Alamogordo,  N.  M.,  1900-05).  Arapahoe,  Okl.  and  Shawnee, 
Horton  Memorial,  Okl.,  1905-10.  High  Bridge,  N.  J.,  1910-15.  Middle- 
town,  N.  J.,   1915-20.     Tappan,  N.   Y.,   1920 . 

Conklin,  Nathaniel,  b.  1824,  Basking  Ridge,  N.  J.;    R.C.  44,  N.B.S.  47,  1-  CI. 
N.B. ;    Miss,  to  Long  Branch,  1847-51,  Montville,   1851-70   (New  Ver- 
non, N.  J.,  Presbyt.  1870-82).     Died  Aug.  17,  1892. 
He  was  greatly  blessed  in  his  ministerial  labors.     His  qualifications  were 
his  own  deep  and  sincere   piety,   a  thorough  knowledge  of   the   Scriptures, 
and  a  style  of  preaching  which  was  eminently  biblical.     His  prayers  v/ere 
uplifting.     The  spirit,  the  verbiage,  and  the  illustrations  of  the  Bible  per- 
meated his  sermons.     He  was,  therefore,  an  evangelical  preacher.     He  was 
ever  seeking  to  edify  the  body  of  Christ  and  to  save  the  lost.     He,  accord- 
ingly, enjoyed  large  revivals  of  religion  in  his  successive  charges,  by  which 
many  were  added  to  the  church.     "Biog.  Notice  of  Grads.  R.C,"   1893,   18. 
Conklin,  W.  D.,  b.  White  House,  N.  J.,  June  17,  1887  (son  of  Rev.  M.  T. 
Conklin).     Ham.C.   1909.     N.B.S.  1913.     1.  by  CI.  Raritan  1913.     New 

Durham,  Ass. P.,  1913-15;    Schoharie,   1915-18;    Herkimer,  1918 . 

Conner,  William  Waddell,  b.  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  Aug.  31,  i860;  C.N.J. 
85,  Allegheny  Sem.  99,,  1.  Allegheny  Presby.  98;  ord.  by  CI.  Newark, 
99;  Belleville,  1899-1911. 
Connitt,  G.  W.  W.C.  1849,  Theolog.  Institute  Conn.  53,  1.  North  Assoc, 
of  Hartford,  52  (Deep  River,  Conn.,  Cong.,  54-6,  Deep  River,  Conn., 
Presbyt.,  56-62)  ;  Fallsburgh,  62-5,  New  Prospect,  66-70. 
Conover,  Garret  M.,  b.  Clinton,  N.  J.,  Mar.  29,  1866;  R.C.  1892,  N.B.S.  95, 
1.    CI.    Raritan ;     North   Paterson   and    Hawthorne,   95-97,    Clarkstown, 

1897-1905.     Rocky  Hill,  1905-09.     Asbury  Park,  1909 .     Pres.  Part. 

Synod  N.B.,  1918.  S.C.  CI  of  Monmouth.  Chaplain,  Monmouth  Chap- 
ter, S.  A.  R. 
Consaul,  Gansevoort,  D.  W.,  b.  Schenectady,  1841  ;  Am.  Col.  59,  P.S.  61,  lie. 
CI.  Schenectady;  S.S.  Fort  Plain,  63-7.  ord.  by  CI.  Montgomery,  1868; 
Mohawk,  1867-9,  Herkimer,  1869-77,  Geneva,  Switzerland,  1877;  al- 
lowed to  demit  the  ministry,  1879. 
Cook,  George  E.     H.C.  '97.     W.S.   1900.     Churchville,  Minn.,  1915-19.     CI. 

Miss.  CI.  W.  Sioux,  192c 

Cook,  Henry  Dyer,  b.  Hurley,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  22,  1880.  R.C.  1904.  Post 
Graduate,  N.Y.U.,  three  years.     N.B.S.  1907.     1.  by  CI.  Kingston  1907. 

Paramus,  1907 

PuBLiCATiox.s  :    Articles  in  the  Intelligencer. 
Cook,   Marinus,  b.   March  5.   1882,   Borselen,   Neth.     Amsterdam  Col.   1900. 
W.T.S.    1918.     1.   by   CI.    Mich.    1918.     Twin,    Lakes,    Mich.,    1918-19; 

Oak    Harbor,   Wash.,    1919 

Publications:     Several   articles  in   Dutch   periodical,   Outwaking.     Vol. 
Short   Stories,    1909. 

Cook,  Seth.     Rec'd  from  Pres.   1910.     Lodi,  N.  Y.,   1910-14.     (Pres.  Dry- 
den,  N.  Y.,   1914-16.     d.    Killed  by  a  train). 
Cook,  William  Wynkoop,  b.  Richboro,  Pa.,  Nov.  21,  1843;    R.C.  73,  U.T.S. 

73-6;    ord.   Ci.   Philadelphia;     Philadelphia,   4th,   76-81;     Methodist. 
Coom.bs,  William.     Rosendale,  N.   Y.,   1894-8. 


288  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

Cooper,  Jacob,  b.  Dec.  7,  1830,  near  Somerville,  Ohio;   Y.C.  52,  Univ.  Berlin, 
54,  studied  theology  at  Halle  and  Berlin,  in  connection  with  philology ; 
lie.    (O.S.)    Presb.,    Oxford,    O.,    Aug.    17,    53;     ord.    (O.S.)    Presb., 
Transylvania,  Ky.,  Ap.  26,  62  (S.S.  Harmony  Ch.   (O.S.)   Presbyt.  Ky., 
61-6,  Chaplain  3d  Ky.  Reg.  Inf.  Union  Army,  62-3,  Prof.  Greek,  Center 
Coll.    Danville,    Ky.,    Ap.,    S5-Sept.,    66)  ;     Prof    Greek,    Rutgers    Coll. 
New  Brunswick,  Sept.,  66-93;    Prof,  of  Logic  and  Philosophy,  Rutgers 
Coll.,   1893-1904.     d.   Jan.  31.     Editor   Danville   Review.     Vedder   Lec- 
turer,  1885.     Editor  of  Bibliotheca   Sacra,   1897-1903.     Continually  en- 
gaged  in   preaching  throughout  his   life.     Ph.D.   by   Berlin  University, 
1854,    Member  of   the   Philosophical   Soc.   of   Berlin,    1856.     D.C.L.   by 
University  of  Jena,  1873,  for  prize  essay:    De  Jure  Naturali  Testimcn- 
tum  Facicndi.     S.T.D.  by  Columbia  Coll.,  1874.     LL.D.  by  Tulane  Uni- 
versity, 1895.     M.D.  by  Univ.  of  Indiana. 
Dr.  Cooper  was  a  remarkable  combination  of  heart  and  brain.     His  was 
the  most  child-like  simplicity  and  the  most  profound  scholarship.     He  was 
the  intimate  friend  of  the  learned  on  both  sides  of  the  sea,  and  he  spared 
no  time  or  trouble  to  comfort  and  aid  the  most  humble.     Against  political 
or  social  wrong  he  was  as  bold  as  a  lion  and  yet  few  hearts  were  ever  more 
loving.     His  was  a  rare  spirit  divinely  appointed  to  lead  young  men  toward 
intellectual  and  spiritual  truth. 

See  Min.  Gen.   Syn.,   1904,  834;    also  Manual,   1902. 
Publications  :    For  his  many  publications,  see  Manual,  1902. 
Cooper,  John  R.,  b.  1827;    lie.  by  Seceders,  64;    Clarkstown  and  Hempstead, 

65-86.     Died  1887.       • 
Cooper,  Wm.  H.     R.C.  '31.     N.B.S.   1831-2.     Pres.     d.  Feb.  24,   1880. 
Cornelison,  John,  b.  at  Nyack,  1769;    studied  vmder  H.  Meyer  and  Living- 
ston, lie.  by  the  Synod  of  R.D.  Ch.,  1791  ;    Miss,  in  Northern  and  West- 
ern States,  1791-93.     Bergen  and  English  Neighborhood,  1793-1806,  vis- 
ited  the    Settlements   on    the    Delaware    and    Susquehanna    (Hanover) 
1794,   Bergen,    1806-28;     d. 
See  Manual,   1902. 

Publication  :  Sermon  at  the  installation  of  Rev.  J.  V.  Romeyn  at  Hack- 
ensack,  Dec.   15.  1799. 

Cornell,   Frederick   Frelinghuysen    (s.   of   John    Cornell),   b.   at   Allentown, 
N.  J.,  Nov.  16,  1804;    C.N.J.  25,  P.S. ;    1.  Presbyt.  Newtown,  29;    Pro- 
fessor of  Languages  in  College  of  Mississippi,  Natchez,  28-9,  Miss,  at 
Stuyvesant,    three    months,    29,    at    Columbiaville,    29-31,    Marshalville, 
31-2,    Montville,    33-6,    N.    Y.    C.    Manhattan    Ch.,    36-56    (Pluckemin 
Presbyt.,  56-64,  w.  c.)  ;    d.  1875,  Aug.  7.    D.D.  by  U.C,  1866. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Cornell,  James  Alexander  Hervey    (s.  of   John   Cornell),  b.  at  Allentown, 
N.  J.,  Aug.  29,  1818;    R.C.  38,  N.B.S.  41,  1.  CI.  N.B.;    Westerlo,  41-43, 
New  Baltimore,  43-45,  New  Baltimore  and  Coeymans,  45-48,  Syracuse, 
48-51,  Raritan.  3d,  51-56,  Sec.  Bd.  Education,  56-61.     Financial  Sec.  of 
General   Svnod,   69-73 :     Coeymans,   73-79,   w.   c.     Died  Aug.   20,    1899. 
D.D.  by  C.N.J.,  1858. 
He  was  an  earnest  and  spiritual  preacher  but  it  was  in  the  larger  service 
of  the  Denomination  that  his  chief  work  was  done. 

In  the  Board  of  Education  for  five  years,  he  did  an  excellent  work.  His 
appeals  were  very  successful. 

The  work  for  which  he  is  especially  remembered  was  that  which  he 
accomplished  for  the  fuller  endowment  of  the  seminary  at  New  Bruns- 
wick, N.  J.  The  necessity  of  a  Professorship  of  Pastoral  Theology  and 
Sacred  Rhetoric  had  long  been  felt.  A  committee  had  had  this  subject 
before  them  for  several  years,  but  no  very  earnest  attempt  had  been  made 
until  1864.  It  was  then  determined  to  attempt  to  increase  the  old  Perma- 
nent Professorial  Fund  of  the  three  professors  and  found  the  new  Pro- 
fessorship. Just  then  the  Rev.  Dr.  Nicholas  E.  Smith  offered  to  give 
$40,000   for  the  increase  of   the  old  funds,  if  the  churches  would  raise  as 


THE    MINISTRY  289 

much  more  for  the  new  professorship.  There  was  also  a  condition  that  the 
salaries  of  all  the  professors  should  be  made  up  to  at  least  $2,500.  The 
three  professors,  Drs.  Woodbridge,  Berg,  and  De  Witt,  attempted  to  raise 
this  amount.  Dr.  De  Witt  was  especially  zealous  and  successful  in  his 
efforts.  In  1865  Dr.  Smith  gave  his  bond  for  $40,000,  and  as  about  the  same 
amount  had  been  subscribed  and  a  considerable  portion  paid  in,  the  Synod 
resolved  at  once  to  establish  the  fourth  professorship.  The  more  prudent 
business  men  advised  against  the  action  until  the  cash  was  in  hand.  But 
the  younger  element  prevailed  and  carried  the  day.  Dr.  Smith  paid  inter- 
est on  his  bond  for  two  years.  Then  the  oil  investments  in  which  he  was 
interested  failed  and  he  was  obliged  to  ask  Synod  to  release  him  from  his 
obligation.  A  newly  constituted  committee  was  now  authorized  to  employ 
a  financial  agent  to  secure  moneys  for  endowment  and  for  buildmgs.  It 
was  at  this  juncture  that  the  invaluable  services  of  Dr.  Cornell  were  secured 
by  the  committee.  He  threw  his  whole  heart  into  the  work.  He  felt  that  it 
was  a  position  of  rare  influence,  and  that  a  singular  opportunity  was  offered 
him  of  doing  much  for  the  church. 

He  very  soon  secured  the  gift  of  $40,000,  subsequently  increased  by 
$20,000,  from  his  friend,  James  Suydam.  The  moneys  previously  raised 
by  the  professors,  with  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of  the  college  by  the 
Synod  to  the  trustees,  went  into  the  three  professorial  residences,  1865-7. 
But  Synod  in  1869,  after  the  beginning  of  Dr.  Cornell's  success,  made 
him  their  own  financial  agent.  He  quickly  induced  Messrs.  Suydam  and 
Sage  to  buy  the  house  on  George  street  for  $18,000  for  a  residence  for  Dr. 
Berg,  who  had  previously  lived  in  the  east  wing  of  the  college,  and  subse- 
quently in  a  residence  of  his  own  on  Easton  avenue.  Mr.  Suydam  con- 
sented to  build  the  hall  called  by  his  name,  at  an  expense  of  about  $86,000, 
in  1873.  Mr.  Sage  was  induced  to  build  the  library  called  after  him,  at  an 
expense  of  about  $65,000,  in  1875.  Mr.  Suydam  also  left  $20,000  for  the 
care  of  Suydam  Hall ;  another  $20,000  for  the  general  care  of  the  grounds ; 
while  Mr.  Sage  left  $35,000  for  the  support  and  maintenance  of  ihe  Sage 
Library,  $20,000  for  the  purchase  of  books,  and  $25,000  for  the  mainten- 
ance and  support  of  Hcrtzog  Hall.  He  also  left  $50,000  by  will  for  the 
Hebrew  Professorship.  Dr.  Cornell  also  secured  sixteen  subscriptions  of 
$2,500  each  toward  the  purchase  of  books  for  the  Sage  Library.  This,  with 
some  other  subscriptions  and  interest,  amounted  in  all  to  about  $60,000, 
spent  between  1875  and  1885  in  the  purchase  of  books  by  the  committee 
appointed  by  the  Synod  for  that  purpose. 

During  the  four  years  that  Dr.  Cornell  was  the  financial  secretary,  by  his 
peculiar  ability  and  methods  he  completely  revolutionized  the  financial  con- 
dition of  the  seminary,  by  adding  considerably  more  than  half  a  million  to 
its  resources,  in  endowments,  buildings,  and  books,  although  only  $110,000 
of  this  amovmt  became  available  for  the  salaries  of  professors.  When  the 
Committee  on  the  Centennial  Volume  of  the  Seminary  was  laboring  to 
make  that  volume  as  complete  as  possible,  some  of  them  sought  a  meeting 
with  Dr.  Cornell,  and  he  was  kind  enough  to  display  his  memoranda  before 
them,  which  were  largely  utilized  in  making  up  certain  parts  of  that  volume. 
The  church  is,  therefore,  wonderfully  indebted  to  Dr.  Cornell,  and  his  name 
will  ever  occupy  a  large  and  important  place  in  her  progress  and  history. 
See  also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1900,  891.  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  of  R.C., ' 
1900,  10.    Manual,  1902.    Ch.  Int.,  Sept".,  1899. 

Cornell,  John,  b.  at   Northampton,   Pa.,   1774;    studied  under  Livingston,   1. 
CI.  N.  Y.,  1798   (AUentown  and  Nottingham,  Presbyt.,  1800-21),  Prin- 
cipal of  Academies  at  Somerville,  1821-8,  and  at  Millstone,  1828-35;    d. 
See    Manual,    1902. 
Cornell,   Wm.,  b.    Seneca   Co..   N.  Y.,    1834;     RC.   59,  N.B.S.   62,  lie.   CI. 
Geneva ;    Minisink,  62-3,  teaching  at  Freehold,  N.  J.,  63   (Woodstown, 
N.  J..  Presbvt.,  64-8),  teaching  at  Somerville,  N.  J.,  68-76;    d.  Sept.  11. 
D.D.  by  R.C..   1876. 
See  "Biog.  Diet.  N.  J.,"  p.  331. 


290  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Cornell,  Wm.  Augustus,  b.  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.  1821.  R.C.  1841,  N.B.S.  44, 
1.  CI.  N.B.;    Athens,  44-48.     Bloonaing  Grove,  48-52.     d.  Oct.  18,  1875. 

Cornet,  Edward.  N.B.S.  1872,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Stanton,  72-6,  Gilboa,  76-9, 
Also  S.S.  Grand  Gorge,  77-8.     Presbyterian. 

Cornish,  Floyd  L.,  b.  Lexington,  N.  Y.,  June  28,  1866.  Private  study.  U.S. 
1894.  1.  by  the  Presbytery  of  North  River.  (Pres.  Bethlehem,  N.  Y., 
1894-97,  Christ's  Pres.,  Bayonne  City,  N.  J.,  1898.  Asbury,  N.  J.,  1900- 
1902).  Gardiner,  1902-03.  East  Ntw  York  (after  1913  Forest  Park, 
Brooklyn),  1904 

Cort,  Cyrus,  b.  Greensburg,  Pa.,  Mar.  15,  1834;  Franklin  and  Marshall 
Coll.  Pa.,  60,  Mercersburg  Sem.  Pa.,  62,  lie.  by  CI.  Westmoreland,  Pa., 
62;  ord.  by  same,  63  (in  Refd.  Ger.  Ch.,  Altoona,  63-8,  Mt.  Alto,  Pa., 
68-70,  Henry  Sem.,  Henry  City,  111.,  70-3,  Vinton,  la.,  73-7,  Maquoketa, 
la.,  77-8,  Columbus  Junction,  la.,  78-80,  Leighton,  la.,  80-1),  Pella,  2d, 
80-1  (Greencastle,  Pa.,  81-93,  Wyoming,  Del.,  and  Ridgely,  Md.,  93-6, 
Sabillasville,  Md.,  96-1901.)  d.  1920. 
Publications:    "Col.  Henry  Bouquet  and  Campaigns  of  1763-4."    "Enoch 

Brown  and  Scholars,  Massacred  by  Indians,  July  26,  1764."     "Memorial  of 

Peter  Minuit,"  read  before  the  Delaware  General  Assembly,  1895.     "Michael 

Schlatter,  Our  Reformed  Ancestry,"  1895.     Many  articles  in  "Refd.  Church 

Review,"  magazines  and  papers,   religious  and  secular. 

Corwin,  Charles  Edward  (son  of  Edward  T.  Corwin),  b.  Sept.  7,  1868,  at 
Millstone,  N.  J.;  R.C.  92,  N.B.S.  95,  lie.  by  CI.  of  New  Brunswick; 
Cuddebackville,  N.  Y.,  95-7,  Greenport,  Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1897- 
1905.     (S.S.  2d  Pres.,  New  Brunswick,  1905-07).     North  Branch,  1907- 

15.     Editing  Doc.  Col.  Ch.  of  N.Y.C.,  1915-18.     Rocky  Hill,  1918 -. 

Editor  Som.  Ch.  News,  1918 .     S.C.  CI.  N.B.  192c 

Publications  :    "Onesimus,  A  Tale  of  the  Pauline  Epistles,"  1900.    "King 

Solomon's   Riddle,"    1902.      Editor,    Manual    Ref.    Ch.    in    Am.,    5th   edition. 

Many  articles  in  papers  and  magazines. 

Corwin,  Edward  Tanjore,  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  July  12,  1834;  Coll.  of  City  of 
New  York,  53,  N.B.S.  56,  1.  CI.  Bergen;  Resident  Graduate  at  N.B.S. 
56-57,  Paramus,  57-63,  Hillsborough  (Millstone),  63-88;  also  Instructor 
in  Hebrew  and  O.  T.  Exegesis  in  N.B.S.,  Nov.,  83-May,  84;  Rector  of 
Hertzog  Hall,  88-95 !  Instructor  in  Heb.  and  O.  T.  Exegesis,  Jan. -Mar., 
89,  Jan.  and  Feb.,  90,  Sept.,  90-May.,  91 ;  Instructor  in  N.  T.  Exegesis, 
Jan. -May,  92;  Greenport,  Columbia,  Co.,  N.  Y.,  95-97;  General  Synod's 
Agent  in  Holland,  for  collecting  ecclesiastical  documents  relating  to 
America,  Aug.  21,  g7-Nov.  13,  98;  editor  the  said  ecclesiastical  docu- 
ments (as  well  as  others  obtained  by  J.  Romeyn  Brodhead  in  1841-4), 
for  the  state  of  New  York,  Julv,  1899-1905.  Published  as  Ecc.  Rec 
State   of    N.   Y.     7   vol,    1901-1916.     D.D.    R.C,    1872.     Litt.D.    R.C, 

1911 .    d.  June  22,  1914.     Pres.  Gen.  Syn.,  1891. 

Dr  Corwin  was  a  genial,  conscientious  man,  a  faithful  and  a  Scriptural 

preacher.    His  was  a  genius  for  hard  work  and  he  became  the  most  eminent 

historian   of   the   Ref.   Ch. 

Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1915,  591.     Index  to  Ecc.  Rec.  State  of  N.  Y. 
Publications:     For   his   numerous   publications   until    1902,    see   Manual, 

1902.     After  that  were  published  Ecc.  Rec.  State  of  N.  Y.,  7  vol.,   1901-16. 

A   Digest   of    Synodical   Legislation   of    Ref.   Ch.   in    Am.,    1906  and   many 

articles   for  press. 

Cotton,  Geo.  Hale,  b.  South  Bend,  Ind.,  Oct.  12,  1857;  Western  Coll.  la.; 
lie.  by  Conf .  of  United  Bethren,  Toledo,  la.,  83 ;  preaching  in  Toledo 
Circuit,  83;  supplied  R.  D.  C  Salem,  S.  D.,  84-5,  S.S.  Linden,  N.J., 
86-9;  N.B.S.  89,  supplied  Middle  Collegiate,  N.  Y.  C,  89-91 ;  ord.  by  CI. 
N.  Y.,  91,  Schraalenberg,  Jan.,  1892-1906.  Presbyterian. 
Publications  :     "An    Easter    Sermon."      A    few    other    sermons.      Hist. 

Ser.  at  Centennial  of  Building  Church  of  Schraalenberg,  1901. 

Cough Camp,    177.. — 178..,   died. 


THE   MINISTRY  29I 

Courtney,  Robt.  Wm.,  b.  N.Y.C.,  July  27,  1873.   R.C.  1899,  N.B.S.  1902.  1.  by 
CI.  N.B.  1902.     North  Chapel  Col.  Ch.,  N.Y.C.,  1902-04;    Pastor  34th 

St.  Ch.,  1902-18;    Ass.  Ch.  of  St.  Nicholas,  1918 

Cox,  Henry  Miller,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  July  5.  1854;  R-C.  76,  N.B.S.  79, 
1.  CI.  N.  B.;  South  Bergen,  N.  J.,  79-82,  Herkimer,  N.  Y.,  82-90,  High 
Bridge,  N.  Y.  C,  90-9,  Prospect  Hill,  N.  Y.  C,  1901-1910.  Harrington 
Park,  N.  J.,  1911-16;  drowned  July  4,  1916.  President  Bd.  of  Pub- 
lication, 1914-16. 
He  was  a  dignified  and  earnest  man  much  interested  in  historical  studies. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  191 7,  249. 

Publications:    Sermon  on  Death  of   Pres.  Garfield,  in  "Garfield  Mem. 
Vol.,"  Jersey  City,   1880.     "Hist.  Refd.  Ch.  Herkimer,"   1886.     Address  at 
Funeral   of    Gen.   F.    E.    Spinner,    1891.      Sketches   of    Foreign    Travel,    in 
"Herkimer  Citizen,"  1889.     Sermons  and  contributions  to  the  press.     "Rec- 
ollections   of    Gen.    Spinner,"    in    "College    and    School,"    Utica,    Ap.,    1890. 
"Rutgers  '76 — 25  Years  After,"  1901.     "The  Cox  Family  in  America,"  191 1. 
Cozine,  Cornelius,  b.  on  Long  Island,  Nov.  4,  1718.     About  1751  he  removed 
to  New  Jersey.     In   1762  he  was  living  in  Somerset  Co.,   N.  J.     Pos- 
sibly he  was  a  preacher  before  he  left  L.  I.;    Conewago,  Pa.,  1784-8. 
Craig,  Horace  P.,  b.  at  Centreville,  N.  J.,  Aug.   11,  1845;    N.B.S.  75,  lie. 
CI.  Philadelphia;    Locust  Valley,  June  16,  75-8o,  Coeymans,  80-91,  N. 
and   S.   Hampton,    1891-1911.     Retired. 
Cramer.  Henry,  b.  Oct.  7,   1877,   Germany.     Dubuque  Col.   1908.     Dubuque 
Sem.  1911.    1.  by  Pres.  Waukon,  1911.     (Pres.  Tuenner,  S.  D.,  1911-20). 

Delaware,  Lennox,  S.  D.,  1920 

Crane,  Josiah  E.,  b.  Fair  Oaks,  N.  Y.,  Ap.  27,  1853;    R.C.  81,  N.B.S.  84,  1. 
CI.    Orange,    Rocky    Hill,    84-92,    Schodack    Landing,    92-6.      Wurts- 
boro,  1896-1917.     Ph.D.  Martyn  Col.     S.T.D.  Harriman  Univ. 
Cranmer,  Wm.  Stockton,  b.  Barnegat,  N.  J.,  Dec.  19,  1858;    R.C.  82,  N.B.S. 
85,  1.  CI.  Bergen;    Astoria,  L.  L,  85-93,  Raritan,  ist  (Somcrville),  1893- 
1918.     P.Em.  1918.     Vice-Pres.  Gen.  Syn.,  1907.     D.D.  R.C,  1903. 
Publications:    Addresses,  sermons,  hymns. 
Craven,  Elijah  Richardson,  b.  Washington,  D. C,  Mar.  28,  1824;    C.N.J. 
42,  P.S.  48,  lie.  by  Presb.  of  Baltimore,  47;    ord.  by  CI.  N.  B.,  Feb.  2j^ 
50;    Raritan,  2d  (Somerville),  N.  J.,  50-4  (Newark,  3d  Presbyt.,  54-87; 
Sec.  Presbyt.  Bd.  Pub.  and  S.S.  Work,  1887-1904).    d.  at  Philadelphia. 
Jan.  5,  1908.     D.D.  by  C.N.J. ,  1859.     LL.D.  by  L.C.,  1890.     Moderator 
of   General   Assembly,   1885. 
Publications:    Numerous  review  and  newspaper  articles.     Part  of  the 
Am.  additions  to  "Lange's   Commentary  on  John."     All  of   the  Am.  addi- 
tions to  "Lange's  Commentary  on  the  Book  of  Revelation." 
Crawford,  John  B.,  b.  at  Crawford,  N.  Y.,  1814;    R.C.  36,  N.B.S.  39,  1-  CI. 
Orange;    Middletown  Village,  Nov.  1839-Oct.,  40;    d.     See  "Manual," 

1879. 

Crispell,  Cor.  Eltinge,  b.  in  Marbletown,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  14,  1820;  R.C.  39, 
N.B.S.  42,  1.  CI.  N.  B.;  Piermont,  42-47,  Linlithgo,  47-57,  Schoharie, 
57-63,  Rector  of  Grammar  School,  New  Brunswick,  1863-66,  also  Prof, 
of  History  in  Rutgers  College,  63-66.  Prof,  of  Nat.  Philosophy,  Mathe- 
matics and  Astronomy  in  Hope  Coll.  66-7,  Prof,  of  Didactic  and 
Polemic  Theology  at  Hope  College,  67-79,  Spring  Valley,  N.  Y., 
1879-1905.  P.E.  d.  191C,  Aug.  29.  D.D.  R.C,  1867. 
He  filled  his  various  preaching  and  teaching  offices  well. 
Min.   Gen.   Syn.,   191 1,  255. 

D.D.  R.C.  1867. 
Publications:    "Hist,  of  West.  Theolog.  Sem.,"  in  "Corwin's  Manual," 

1879,  pp.   123-8.     "Hist,  of   Theolog.   Instruction   in   the   West,"   in   "N.    B. 

Sem.  Centennial,"  PP-   171-180.     Arts,  on  "Constitutional  Amendments,"  in 

"Ch.   Int."   and  pamphlet   form.     "Second   Coming  of    Christ,"    1901. 

Crispell,  Peter,  b.  Hurley,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  6,  1862;    R.C.  84,  N.B.S.  87,  1.  CI. 


292  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Kingston;    Warwick,   N.   Y.,  87-94,   Utica,.  N.   Y.,    1894-1902.     Mont- 
gomery,  1902-15.     S.S.  Westminster  Ch.,   Newburgh,  N.  Y.,   1919. 
Publications  :    Sermons  and  articles  in  press. 

Crocker,  Asahel  B.,  b.  at  Cambridge,  N.  Y.,  1813;  U.C.  39,  P.S.  42,  1. 
Presbyt.  Troy;  Glenville,  2d,  42-8  (Eastern,  N.  Y.,  Congreg.),  48-1850. 
Died. 

Croft,  E.  O.     S.S.  Blue  Mountain,  1911-12. 

Crolius,  Peter  B.,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  1837;    Coll.  C.  N.  Y lie.  CI.  L.  I.,  Dec, 

70;    Guttenberg,  Oct.   15,  72-4,  Kerhonksen,  75-1879;    d. 

Crosby,  Arthur,  b.  N.  B.,  N.  J.,  Ap.  10,  1847;  R.C.  68,  N.B.S.  and  U.S.  70, 
lie.  CI.  Poughkeepsie ;  Presbyterian.  See  "U.  S.  Gen.  Catalog."  D.D. 
W.  and  J.  C,  1892. 

:    Publication  :    "A  Reasonable  Faith,"  1888. 

Crosby,  Howard,  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  Feb.  27,  1826;  N.Y.U.  44,  lie.  by  N.  Berk- 
shire Assoc,  Mass.,  59;  reed,  as  a  licentiate  by  CI.  N.  B.,  Oct.  16,  6o, 
dismissed  to  Presbyt.  of  N.  B.,  Ap.  16,  61  ;  Prof,  of  Greek  in  N.Y.U., 
50-9,  Prof,  of  Greek  Lang,  and  Lit.  in  R.C.  60-3  (New  Brunswick,  ist 
Presb.,  61-3,  N.  Y.  C,  4th  Av.  Presbyt.,  63-1891  ;  d.  March  29).  S.T.D. 
by  Harvard,  1859.  LL.D.  by  C.C.,  1872. 
See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Rutgers  Coll.  Grads.  and  Professors,"  1891,   12. 

Cross,  C.  W.    Ass.  Fort  Washington  Col.  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C,  1919.     Presbyterian. 

Crousas,  Jean  S.,  Sayville,  L.  L,  1888-90. 

Cruikshank,  John  C,  b.  Nov.   16,   1811,  at  Salem,  Washington  Co..  N.  Y. ; 

U.C.  34,  N.B.S.  37,  Jic  by  CI.  of   L.   L;     Hyde   Park,  37-43,   Hurley, 

43-50,   Little  Falls,   50-68.     Supt.   Schools,   Passaic  Co.,  N.  J.,   1869-91. 

d.  Nov.  12,  1899.    D.Sc.  R.C.,  1891. 

See  Manual,  1902  .  Ch.  Int.,  Nov.  29,  1899. 

Publications  :    "No  Intermediate   Place,"   1839.     "Oration  at  Burial  of 

Col.   Duncan,"   1849.     "Errors  of   Lossing's   Field   Book  and   Eager's   Hist. 

Ulster   Co.,"    1852.      Address   before    Passaic    Co.    Inst,    on    "Perseverance, 

Energy,  and  Decision  of  Purpose  in  the  Cause  of  Education,"  1863.     "Hist. 

of   Schools   in   Passaic   Co."     Centennial   Exh.,   1876.     "Annual   Reports  of 

Pub.  Schls.  of  Passaic  Co.,"  1868-76. 

Cruikshank,  Wm.  (brother  of  John  C),  b.  at  Salem,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  12,  1798; 
U.C.  1821,  N.B.S.  24,  1.  CI.  N.  B.;  Flatlands  and  New  Lots,  25-34,  New- 
burgh,  35-38,    S.S.   Mamakating,   49-54;    d.     See   "Manual,"   of    1879. 

Cruikshanks,  James,  b.  Haddington,  Scotland,  1828;  Y.C.  54,  And.  Sem.  56 
(South  Maiden  Mass.;  Spencer,  N.  Y. ;  serving  in  the  Christian  Com- 
mission  of   the   Army)  ;     Metuchen,    1882-7.     Died   June   3,    1889. 

Cummings,  Lawrence  P.,  Manhattan,  N.  Y.  C,  1870-2. 

Cunningham,   Samuel   Robert,  b.  Antrim,   Ireland,   Sept.  30,   1857;    Temple 
Coll.  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  88,  N.B.S.  91,  lie  CI.  N.  B.;    Colts  Neck,  91- 
1901,  Ponds,  N.  J.,  1901-1906.     w.  c    d.  March  15,  1913.     Ph.D.  Taylor 
Univ.,  1899. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1913,  893. 

Currie,  Robt.  Ormiston,  b.  1806;    R.C.  29,  Rector  of  N.  B.  Gram.  Schl.  30-1, 
N.B.S.  34,  1.  CI.  N.  B.;   New  Utrecht,  35-1866;    d.     See  "Manual,"  of 
1879.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1850. 
Publications  :    "Memoir  of  Rev.  Geo.  A.  Shelton,  Rector  of  St.  James 

Parish,  Newtown,  L.   I.,"   1865.     "The  Beloved   Physician."     "Memorial  of 

John  Ludlow  Crane,  M.D."    "Memorial  of  James  E.  DuBois,  M.D." 

Curtenius,  Antonius,  b.  at  Drenthe,  Neths.,  1698 ;  matriculated  at  University 
of  Groningen,  Oct.  4,  1724,  as  a  student  of  theology;  matric,  at  Leyden 
University,  Aug.  23,  1725,  as  a  student  of  theology,  being  26  years  old. 
Ordained  by  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  Oct.  3,  1729.  Arrived  in  New 
York,  Oct.  24,  1730;  Hackensack,  1730-7;  Hackensack  and  Schraalen- 
berg,  1737-55;  also  supplying  Paramus  occasionally,  1737-48;  Brooklyn, 
Flatlands,  Bushwick,  Flatbush,  New  Utrecht,  and  Gravesend,  1755-6; 
died. 


THE   MINISTRY  293 

Curtenius  was  pastor  at  Hackensack  when  those  difficuhies  began  which 
for  nearly  a  century  and  a  half,  distracted  the  religious  communities  of  Ber- 
gen County,  N.  J. 

The  origin  of  these  difficulties  is  somewhat  obscure  but  their  general 
nature  can  be  understood   (Goetschius,  J.  H.,  Jr.). 

Another  minister  was  called,  as  a  colleague,  after  Mr.  Curtenius  had 
preached  in  his  charges  for  eighteen  years.  This  may  have  been  partly  on 
account  of  the  excessive  labor,  and  partly  on  account  of  the  disaffection 
of  some  toward  Domine  Curtenius,  who,  was  not  very  popular.  Yet  the 
latter  installed  Mr.  Goetschius  as  his  colleague.  They  were,  moreover, 
both  members  of  the  Coetus.  although  when  Coetus  proposed  turning  itself 
into  a  Classis,  in  1753,  Curtenius,  with  several  others  became  the  bitter 
opponent  of  the  Coetus.  The  elders  and  deacons  of  his  charge  seem  to  have 
been,  without  exception,  inimical  to  Curtenius.  He  was  not  treated  by  them 
with  the  deference  which  was  his  due,  they  not  even  consulting  him  in  impor- 
tant Inisiness  matters.  He  often  preached  without  a  single  one  of  them  in 
their  places. 

Yet  he  had  his  friends,  and  the  year  after  he  left  Hackensack  (1756), 
having  been  called  by  the  party  of  Arondeus  on  Long  Island  to  succeed  that 
troublesome  man,  his  party  at  Hackensack  and  Schraalenburgh  had  them- 
selves organized  into  new  and  independent  consistories.  This  service  was 
done  by  Domine  Haeghoort,  of  Second  River  (1756).  The  new  organiza- 
tions now  called  John  Schuyler,  of  Schoharie,  to  succeed  Curtenius.  Mr. 
Schuyler  had  been  ordained  to  the  ministry  in  this  country,  indeed  (but  by  ex- 
press direction  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam),  in  1736,  by  Domines  Erickson 
and  Haeghoort.  He  had  been  a  member  of  Coetus  from  its  origin,  but  now 
against  their  wishes  took  charge  of  these  new  organizations,  and  was  cen- 
sured by  them  for  it.  Coetus  seems  to  have  hoped  that  the  separation  would 
not  continue.  But  the  committee  of  Coetus  who  imposed  the  censure,  namely, 
T.  Frelinghuysen,  Verbryck,  Fryenmoet,  and  J.  Leydt,  were  prosecuted  for 
it.  But  the  division  was  made,  and  continued,  with  all  its  unhappy  influ- 
ences and  s'ns,  for  many  years.  Yet  Curtenius  seems  to  have  been  a  mild 
and  prudent  man.  Says  his  obituary :  "He  was  remarkable  for  his  inde- 
fatigable diligence  in  the  ministration  of  his  office.  His  actions  in  all  the 
affairs  of  life  have  ever  been  accompanied  with  the  strictest  rules  of  justice, 
so  that  none  could  with  more  propriety  claim  the  title  of  a  preacher  and 
sincere  Christian,  which  not  only  his  morals  manifested,  but  his  happy 
death."  A  funeral  eulogy  on  him  was  printed  in  New  York  by  H.  Goelet.- — • 
"Ecc.  Rec,  N.  Y.,"  "Taylor's  Annals."  The  remnants  of  the  old  secession 
late  in  the  19th  century  joined  the  "Christian  Reformed  Church"  of  the 
West ;  while  some  of  the  seceder  churches  became  Presbyterian. 
Curtis,  Mattoon  Monroe,  b.  Westmoreland,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  19.  1858;  Ham.  C. 
80,  U.T.S.  83;  ord.  by  CI.  Westchester;  Hastings-on-Hudson.  83-5 
(Cleveland,  O.  (Presb.),  85-8,  Prof,  of  Philosphy,  West.  Reserve  Uni- 
versity, Cleveland,  O.,  1891 ).     Ph.D.  Un.  Leipsic,  1890. 

Curtis,    Norman    R.      Rec'd   from   Universalists    1916.     Mescalero,    N.   M., 

1916-17.     Presbyterian  1918. 
Gushing.  David,  b.  1801  ;    N.B.S.  31,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia;    S.S.  Walpack,  31-2, 

Kindcrhook,  2d,  34-5  (Lockport.  N.  Y..  and  Portsmouth,  O.,  55-1849). 
Cussler.  Henry  Charles,  b.   Shclbume  Falls,  Mass.,  Dec.  2,   1866;    R.C.  93, 
N.B.S.,  96,  1.  CI.  Greene;    Free  Refd.  Ch.  Jersey  City,  96-1901,  Buffalo, 

Lafayette  Ave.,  1901-1911.     Fonda  191 1 

Publication's:  Articles  in  Intelligencer. 
Cutler,  Frederick  Walker,  b.  Morristown,  N.  J.,  March  24,  1861.  R.C.  '83. 
U.S.  '8.6.  1.  by  Pres.  of  Morris  and  Orange  1886.  (Pres.  ist,  Wood- 
haven,  L.  I.,  1886-96;  Mendham,  N.  J..  1897-99)  ;  Yonkers  ist,  1902-18. 
War  Work,  1918.  President  of  Part.  Synod  of  N.  Y.  191 1. 
Cuyler,  Cornelius  C,  b.  in  Albany,  1783;  U.C.  1806,  studied  under  Bassett 
and  Livingston,  1.  CI.  Schenectady,  1808;    Poughkeepsie,  1809-33  (Phila- 


294  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH   IN  AMERICA 

delphia  Presbyt.,  i833--May,  50)  ;    d.  Aug.  31,  1850.     Elected  a  trustee 
of  R.C.  1827.    D.D.  by  U.C.  1828. 
He  was  of  strong  body  and  earnest  Christian  character.     His  success  in 
the  pastorate  was  unusual. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  "Narrative  of  Revival  of  Religion  at  Poughkeepsie,"  1815. 
"Whose  Children  Are  Entitled  to  Baptism,"  1816.  "Charge  to  Dr.  Mille- 
doler  When  Installed  Prof,  of  Theology,"  1825.  "Letters,  Mag.  R.D.C.," 
iii,  253,  292,  330.  "Discourse  on  Death  of  Rev.  Dr.  G.  R.  Livingston," 
1834.  "Decline  of  Revivals,"  1834.  "Believer's  Sojourn  on  Earth  and 
Expectation  of  Heaven,"  1836.  Art.  in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Dr.  S.  S. 
WoodhuU.  "Signs  of  the  Times,"  a  vol.  of  discourses,  1839.  "Evidences 
of  a  Gracious  State."  Tract  17,  Vol.  3,  of  Presbyt.  Tracts.  See  "Princ. 
Rev.,"  1840. 

Cuyler,  Theodore  Ledyard,  b.  Aurora,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  10,  1822;    C.N.J.  41,  P.S. 

46;     lie.   Presb.   of    Philadelphia    (S.S.    Burlington,    N.   J.,    1846;     ord. 

Evang.   47;     Trenton,    3d,    1849-53);     N.    Y.    C,    Market    St.,    1853-60 

(Brooklyn,  Park  St.,  Presb.  1860-1890.     "Pastor-at-Large"— 1890-1909. 

d.  Feb.  26. 

Dr.  Cuyler  was  preeminently  the  "beloved  pastor"  of  Brooklyn  for  more 

than  a  generation.     His  personal  influence  was  very  widely  extended  by  his 

writings. 

Publications  :  He  published  nearly  5,000  articles  in  the  leading  religious 
papers  of  America  and  Europe.  His  books  of  devotion,  inspiration,  instruc- 
tion and  comfort  numbered  more  than  twenty. 

See  his  autobiography  :    "Recollections  of  a  Long  Life." — 1902. 

Dahlmann,  John  J.  W.    From  Presbytery  of  Nassau  (Melrose,  1861-3,  Phil- 
adelphia, G.R.  63-5)  ;   R.D.C.  1865. 
Dailey,   William   N.   P.,   b.    Schenectady.   N.   Y.,   July   28,    1862;     U.C.   84, 

Hartford  Sem.  87.     1.  by  Hartford  Cong.  Ass.   1886;    ord.  by  Presbyt. 

of  Utah  '88  (Presbyt.  Miss,  in  South  Utah,  87-90)  ;    Albany,  3d,  90-97, 

Athens,  N.  Y.,  ist,  97-1901.     Amsterdam  (Trinity),  1903-11.     Classical 

Miss.   CI.   Montgomery,   1912-16.     Classical   Miss.   CI.   Bergen,   1916-17. 

Ass.  Marble  Col.   Ch.,  N.  Y.  C,   1918-19.     CI.   Miss.   N.C.   L.L   1920. 

N.B.S.    Supt.  96-7,  '08-13. 
Publications  :    "Hist.  Stone  Arabia  Ch.,"  1915.     "Hist.  Fort  Herkimer 
Ch.,"   1917.     "Mohawk  Valley  Fate,"    1917.     "Hist.   CI.   of   Montgomery," 
1916.    Chapter  in  U.C.  in  this  work.    Many  articles  in  the  papers. 
Daille,    Pierre,    born    at    Chatteleraut,    France,    1649;     Prof,    of    Theolog. 

School  of  Saumur,  1679-82;    French  Reformed  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C,  1683-96; 

supplied  New  Paltz,   Staten  Island  and  other  French  chs.,  occasionally, 

1683-92,  and  itinerated  among  them  constantly,  1902-6;    Boston,  School 

St.,  French  Refd.  1696-1715;  d.  May  20. 
He  was  the  first  regular  Huguenot  pastor  in  New  York.  Selyus  said  of  him  : 
"Domine  Peter  Daille,  late  Professor  at  Salmun  (Saumur)  has  become  my 
colleague.  He  is  full  of  fire,  godliness  and  learning.  Banished  on  account 
of  his  religion,  he  maintains  the  cause  of  Jesus  Christ  with  untiring  zeal." 
In  1692  he  fell  under  the  displeasure  of  Leisler,  although  subsequently  he 
attempted  to  save  him  from  execution.  Upon  the  arrival  of  Bonrepos,  who 
took  charge  of  the  French  on  Staten  Island,  and  in  response  to  a  call  from 
Boston,  Daille  removed  thither.  The  Boston  News-Letter  had  the  follow- 
ing notice  of  his  death :  "On  Monday  morning  last,  the  20th  current  Dyed 
here  the  Reverend  Mr.  Peter  Daille,  Pastor  of  the  French  Congregation, 
aged  about  66  years.  He  was  a  Person  of  great  Piety,  Charity,  affable  and 
courteous  Behaviour,  and  of  an  exemplary  Life  and  Conversation,  much 
Lamented,  especially  by  his  Flock." 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Dalhoff,    Henry    Christian,    b.    Jan.    6,    1891,    Germany.      Bloomfield    Acd., 


THE   MINISTRY  295 

Bloomfield  Sem.  1919.  I.  by  Presbytery  of  Newark,  1920.  Raritan, 
N.  J.,  4th  (German)  S.S.  1918-20,  Pastor  1920-22;  Far  Rockaway,  N. 
Y.,  1922. 

Dame,  Clarence  P.,  b.  Broek,  Neth.,  Oct.  18,  1885.  H.C.  1913-  W.T.S. 
1916.  1.  by  CI.  Wis.  1916.  Grand  Rapids,  Calvary,  1916-18;  Holland, 
Mich.,  Trinity,  1918 

Dangremond,  Arthur  C.  V..  b.  South  Haven,  Mich.,  Dec.  21,  1878  (son 
of  Rev.  G.  Dangremond).  H.C.  1899,  N.B.S.  1902.  Coblcskill,  N.  Y., 
1902-03;  Prattsville  and  Grand  Gorge,  1903-08;  College  Point,  1908-15; 
Fishkill-on-Hudson,  Beacon,  1915 

Dangremond,  George  C,  b.  Hamilton,  Mich.,  Oct.  21,  1872.  (son  of  Rev. 
G.  Dangremond).  H.C.  1895,  N.B.S.  98,  1.  by  CI.  Rochester.  East 
Williamson,  1898-1903;  Ghent,  2d,  1903-08;  Rensselaer,  1908-09;  Flat- 
bush  (Saugerties),  1909-13;  New  Hurley,  Wallkill,  1913-16;  High 
Falls,  the  Clove,  1916-1921  ;    Cortland,  N.  Y.,  1921 

Dangremond,  Gerrit,  b.  Prov.  of  Overisel,  Neths.,  Feb.  5,  1839;  H.C.  1866, 
W.T.S.  69,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Hamilton,  Mich..  69-73  (Cong.,  Mattewan, 
73-75,  and  Fremont,  Mich.,  75-79),  South  Haven  and  Twin  Lakes, 
79-84,  Detroit,  84-85.  East  Saugatuck,  85-89,  Hospers  and  Le  Mars, 
Iowa,  89-95,  Arcadia,  N.  Y.,  1895-1907,  w.  c. 

Danner,  Julius  Le  Moyne,  b.  Logan,  O.,  1842,  Beloit  Coll.  63,  U.S.  67; 
N.Y.C.  Union,  6th  Ave.,  69-71,  Paterson,  N.  J.,  ist,  81-1891;  for  fur- 
ther details,  see  "U.  S.  Cat." 

Dater,  Henry,  b.  Ramsay,  N.  J.,  Feb.  S,  1827;  R.C.  47,  N.B.S.  50,  1.  CI. 
Paramus;  Branchville,  50-54,  Hyde  Park,  54-77,  w.  c.  Died  Oct.  19, 
1899.  See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1900,  894;  "Biog.  Notices,  Grads.  of 
R.  C,"  1900,  19.     Christian  Intelligencer,  Nov.  8,  1899. 

Darrach,  W.  B.,  Kerhonksen,  N.  Y.,   1885-6,  w.  c.  86-1893. 

Dassori,  Agustino.     Classis  of  New  Brunswick  1911-15.    Dis.  Pres.  1915 

Davenport,  Jerome  A.,  b.  Brooklyn.  Un.  N.Y.  1840.  N.B.S.  1847,  1.  CI. 
N.B.;  Miss,  to  Thousand  Isles,  47-50,  Miss,  to  Wisconsin,  1854,  Epis- 
copalian. 

Davidson,  T.  W.     Brooklyn.     Church  on  the  Heights,  1921 

Davie,  J.  T.  M.  From  Presbvt.  North  River,  1853;  Flatlands,  53-61;  d. 
1862. 

Davis,  Edwin  Emerson.  Newark,  2d,  N.  Y.  Ave.,  1910-17;  Athens,  N.  Y., 
1921 

Davis,   George,  b.   Whitehouse,   N.   J.,   May  4,    i860,    R.C.   '84.     N.B.S.   87. 
Peapack,    1887-93,    Marbletown,   N.   Y.,    1893-1901,   Attorney   for   Anti- 
Saloon   League,   1901.     Canajoharie,   1911-14.     d.  March  31. 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,   1914,  243. 

Davis,  John  A.,  b.  Oct.  28,  1839,  at  Flatbush,  Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y. ;  R.C.  65, 
N.B.S.  68,  1.  CI.  Ulster;  ord.  as  an  Evangelist,  Sept.,  68;  visiting  the 
churches  for  For.  Bd.  68-9,  Amoy,  69-70,  in  service  of  Bd.  F.M. 
70-2.  Palisades.  Jan.  72-3,  Pottersville,  73-8,  Oyster  Bay.  78-83,  Newark, 
2d,  83-9  (Presb.,  Hempstead,  L.  I.,  89-93,  Nyack,  93-97)  ;  died  Sept.  24. 
Compelled   on   account  of    ill   health  to   retire    from   the   foreign   mission 

field,  he  became  eminent  as  a  promoter  of  missionary  enthusiasm  among  the 

churches  at  home. 

See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1898,  23.     Manual.  1902. 
Publications:     "The    Chinese    Slave    Girl."      "Leng    Tso,    the    Chinese 

Bible  Woman."     "Chohh  Linn,  the  Chinese  Boy  Who  Became  a  Preacher." 

"The  Young  Mandarin."    "Tom  Bard."    "The  Flaw  in  the  Iron."    "Upton." 

"Rescue  the  Drunkard,"  etc.     He  published  14  vols,  in  all. 

Davis,  Joseph  Page  (son  of  Wm.  P.  Davis),  b.  Guilderland,  N.  Y.,  Nov. 
9.-1859;  U.C.  81.  N.B.S.  84.  CI.  Schenectady;  Bethlehem,  ist.  84-6, 
Albany.  3d,  86-1887;    d.  April  16.     See    'Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1887,  437. 

Davis,  Lyman  E.,  b.  Perrysburg.  O.,  Dec.  28.  1864;  Nebraska  Univ.  i  year; 
Adrian  Coll.  77;  lie.  Ohio  Conf.,  Meth.  Epis.  Ch.  1878  (Cong.  Chs., 
IMiddletown,   Albany;     Meth.   Chs.,    Brooklyn,   Tarrytown,    Pittsburg); 


296  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Fort  Miller  and  Northumberland,  1896-7.  At  own  request  name  re- 
moved from  roll.  Engaged  in  Editorial  Work  connected  with  Metho- 
dist Record. 

Davis,  Lloyd  G.  Teacher  Bible  Training  School,  N.  Y.  C.  S.S.  Douglaston, 
L.  I.,  1919 

Davis,  Titus  Elwood  (brother  of  John  A.  Davis),  b.  Flatbush,  Ulster  Co., 
N.  Y.,  April  15,  1851;  R.C.  74,  N.B.S.  TJ,  1.  CI.  Ulster.  Fairmount, 
N.  J.,  77-80,  Schagticoke,  N.  Y.,  80-7.  (Presbyt.  Valatie,  N.  Y.,  88-90, 
Bound    Brook,    N.    J.,    1890-1904.      Westminster,    Washington,    D.    C, 

1905 )■ 

Publications:     "The   Master's    Call,"    1880      "First    Houses    of    Bound 

Brook,"    1895.     "Battle   of    Bound   Brook,"    1896.     "From   New   Jersey   to 

California,"   1897.     "100  Years  of   Masonry  in  Washington,"   1911. 

Davis,   Wesley   Reid,   b.    Maryland,   Jan.    14,    1847.      Wesleyan   Univ.    1868. 
(Settled   in   Meth.   Chs.   Maryland,   Brooklyn,   Harlem).     Albany,   2nd, 
1882-88;    Brooklyn  Heights,  88-93,  w.  c.     d.  Jan.  26,  1905. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1905,  274. 

Davis,  Wm.  E.  (s.  of  Wm.  P.  Davis),  b.  at  Princetown,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  18, 
184s;  R.C.  68,  N.B.S.  71,  1.  CI.  Schenectady;  North  Hempstead,  71-9, 
South  Branch,  79-83,  Lebanon,  1883-1905,  Freehold,  ist,  1905-11,  Knox 
and  Berne,  2d,  1912-15.  S.S.  Harrington  Park,  1916-17.  d.  1920,  March 
28. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Sj-n.,  1920,  282. 
Publications:     "Thanksgiving   Sermon  at   Manhasset."    1875.      "Funeral 

Sermon  of   Mrs.  Eliza  Onderdonk,  Manhasset,"   1876.     "Life  and  Ministry 

of  Rev.  Wm.  Pitcher,  South  Branch,"  1883.     "Why  Liquor  Should  Not  Be 

Sold  in  Lebanon,"  1897. 

Davis,  Wm.  Page,  b.  at  Ware,  Mass.,  Sept.  6,  1806;  U.C.  zz\  studied  the- 
ology one  year  with  President  Nott ;  two  years  with  Dr.  Beman,  of 
Troy,  N.  Y.  (supplying  Hamilton,  Union  and  Bethlehem  (Presbyt.), 
1834-43),  Princetown,  N.  Y.,  43-8,  Helderberg,  48-52,  Coeymans  and 
New  Baltimore,  52-6  (S.S.,  Rochester  and  Vienna,  Wis.,  Presbyt.  six 
months  in  1856),  Helderberg,  56-70,  Rotterdam,  2d,  71-5,  Lawyersville, 
77-84;  died  Jan.  7,  1894. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Dawson,  Edward,  b.  Walden,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  10,  1871 ;  R.C.  98,  N.B.S.  1901, 
1.  CI.  Orange;  West  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  1901-1912;  Acquackanonck,  Pas- 
saic, N.  J.,  1912 .     Member  Bd.  Publication.     Member  of  Ex.  Com. 

and  Recording  Sec.  B.F.M. 

Day,  D.  J.  Steward,  b.  Feb.  2,  1882.  Ashley,  Pa.  Princeton  1904.  Auburn 
Sem.  1908.  1.  by  Presbytery  Lackawanna.  Missionary,  Amoy,  China, 
1908-14.     Congregational,  1914-19.     Reformed  1919 

Dean  Artemus,  b.  at  Cornwall,  N.  Y.,  1824;  A.C.  1842,  A.S.  1848,  lie.  by 
Andover  Assoc.  1848;  ord.  by  Ecc.  Council  in  Vt.  1849  (Johnson,  Vt., 
1849-51,  Newbury,  Vt.,  1851-7),  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  1858  (Greenfield, 
Mass.,  1861-6,  Westboro,  Mass.,  1867-9,  all  Cong.  Chs.),  Owasco  Outlet, 
1873-5,  High  Bridge,  1875-85,  Palisades,  1894-1900,  w.  c.  Pres.  d. 
July   10,   1916. 

De  Baun,  Isaac  J.,  b.  1836,  1.  by  Seceders,  i860;  Montville,  1861-5,  Para- 
mus,   1868-75;    died   189s. 

De  Baun,  John  A.,  b.  in  Rockland  Co.,  N.  Y.,   1833;    R.C.  52,  N.B.S.  55- 

1.  CI.  Paramus;    Oyster  Bay,  55-8,  Niskayuna  and  Lisha's  Kill,  58-81, 

Niskayuna,   81-3,    Fonda,    83-1900;     d.    June   22.      D.D.    by    U.C.    1877. 

Pres.  of  Gen.  Synod  1880. 

He  was  eminent  as  a  scholar,  a  preacher  and  a  pastor,  and  in  the  councils 

of  the  Church. 

He  served  on  many  of  the  committees  looking  toward  Church  Union  or 

Federation,  especially  on  those  relating  to  the  German  Church.    See  "Mints. 

Gen.  Syn.,"  1901,  1230.     "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,  1901,  8.     Manual, 

1902. 


THE   MINISTRY  297 

Publications:  "Hitherto  Hath  the  Lord  Helped  Us,"  1862.  "Plea  and 
Plan  for  Presbyt.  Unity,"  "Princeton  Rev.,"  1865.  "A  Neglected  Point  in 
Morals,"  "Evang.  Repository  and  United  Presb.  Rev.,"  1866.  "Exegesis 
of  Rom.,"  8:  19-23;  ditto,  1866.  "Sermon  on  Character  and  Con.summa- 
tion  of  Christian  Love,"  1862.  "Memorial  Sermon  on  Joseph  Stanford," 
1873.  "Memorial  Sermon  on  Elder  A.  V.  P.  Lansing,"  1875.  "Hist. 
Sketch  of  Chs.  of  Niskayuna  and  Lisha's  Kill,"  1876.  "Sermon  on  Benevo- 
lence Before  Gen.  Synod,"  in  "Ch.  Int.."  1878.  "Letters  from  Europe,"  in 
"Ch.  Int."  and  Schenectady  "Daily  Union,"  1878.  "Sermon  at  the  Funeral 
of  Rev.  Henry  Raymond,"  1879.  "Sketch  of  Rev.  Dr.  A.  B.  Van  Zandt," 
in  "Centennial  of  New  Brunswick  Scm.,"  p.  456. 
De  Baun,  John  Y.,  b.  in  Rockland  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1827;    1.  by  the  Seceders,  1856; 

Ramapo  and   Hempstead,   1856-60,   Hackensack  and   English  Neighbor- 
hood, 1860-75,  Hackensack,  75-87,  Grand  Rapids,  87-92,  Leonia,  N.  J., 

9^-5;    d. 
De  Beer,  J.    Immanual  Ch.,  Belmont,  Iowa,  1895-8,  Baileyville,  111.,  98-1900, 

Zoar   and    Washington    Chs.    at    Ackley,    Iowa,    1899-1903,    Pekin,    2d, 

1903-10,  Harrison,  S.  D.,  1914 

De  Beer,  J.  B.,  Forreston,  1867-70,  Grand  Haven,  1870-2,  Cleveland,  1872-4, 

Parkcrsburgh,   Iowa,   1874-80. 
De  Bey,  Bernardus,  b.  in  Drenthe,  Neths.,  Oct.   10,   1816;    c.  to  America, 

68;  Chicago  (Hoi.),  68-91,  Emeritus.  Died  Feb.  9,  1894. 
His  preparation  for  the  ministry  was  wholly  private,  but  under  able  in- 
structors. He  was  pastor  at  Middlestum,  Groningen,  for  twenty-four  years. 
He  was  a  superior  Latin  and  Greek  scholar  and  a  proficient  in  Hebrew  and 
in  Systematic  Theology.  In  Holland  he  had  been  a  long  time  one  of  the 
Board  of  Examiners  in  the  Theological  School  of  Kampen.  As  a  preacher 
he  was  profoundly  evangelical  in  thought  and  very  effective  in  manner ;  in 
ministerial  plans  and  work  he  was  thoroughly  practical.  He  came  to 
America  as  a  friend  of  Dr.  Van  Raalte,  with  a  large  Holland  colony,  at- 
tracted  by  the   fertile   farming   lands   of    Michigan   and    Illinois. 

His  perfect  familiarity  with  the  history  and  elements  of  the  Holland 
Church  at  home  and  here,  his  solid  personal  character  and  the  high  regard 
in  which  he  was  held  by  all,  excited  strong  hope  that  he  might  be  blessed  to 
the  healing  of  the  ecclesiastical  divisions  among  his  countrymen.  This  hope 
was  not  realized,  but  his  coming  was  greatly  blessed  to  the  First  Church  of 
Chicago,  of  which  he  became  pastor.  Very  feeble  when  it  received  him  in 
1868.  it  grew  under  his  twenty-three  years  of  care  to  ver\'-  great  strength. 
Beginning  in  a  little  chapel,  it  now  has  an  imposing  house  of  worship. 
Beginning  with  small  numbers,  it  long  ago  became  an  immense  congre- 
gation, and  has  become  the  parent  of  three  other  flourishing  churches. 
"Mints.  Gen.  Svnod,"  1894,  219. 
De  Bey,  Dirk  John,  b.  Drenthe,  Neths.,  Feb.  22,  1851;    H.C.  79,  N.B.S.  82, 

1.   CI.   Wisconsin;    Clymcr    (Abbe   Ch.),   82-7,   Gibbsville,   Wis.,   87-96. 

Grand  Rapids,  2d,  96-100,  Holland,  Neb.,  1900-09.     Lansing,  111.,  1909-17. 

S.S.  Wichita,   Kan.,   1919-20.    d.   March   10.     An  Expository   Preacher. 

See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1920.  281. 
De  Boer,  Douwe.     H.C.    N.B.S.  1919.     Col.  Univ.   1920.     U.T.S.   1921.     1. 

by  CI.  N.B.  1919.     (Pres.  Marlboro,  N.  Y.,  ist.  1921 ). 

De  Boer,  John  A.,  b.  Oct.  22,  1872,  Bakhuzen,  Neths.     Col.  Univ.     U.T.S. 

1.   by   Pres.  of   Jersey  City,    1912.      (Pres.   Mariners'   Church,   N.Y.C., 

1909-13)  ;    Faith  Mission  Col.  Ch.,  N.Y.C.,  1913-17.     Rec'd  from  Pres. 

1917.     Anderson  Memorial,  N.Y.C.,  1917 . 

De   Boer,   John   J.,   b.   Chippewa   Lake.   Mich.,   Nov.   6.    1890.     H.C.    1915. 

Post  Graduate  Univ.  Mich.  1917.     N.B.S.  1921.     1.  by  CI.  N.B.  1921. 
De    Bruine,    Sytze,   b.    Kollum,    Neths.,    Oct.    24,    1859.      McCormick    Sem. 

1.  by  Pres.  of  Chicago,  1907.     (Pres.  Dell  Rapids,  1907-09).     Pella,  la., 

Bethel,  1909-13,  Muscatine,  la.,  1913-14.     CI.  Miss.  CI.  of  Pella,  1914-17, 

Pclla,  Bethel,  1917-19,  Oskaloosa,  Central,  1919-21.    Visiting  in  Holland. 
De  Briiyn,  J.  A.,  Pastor  Elect,  Paterson,  6th,  1885. 


298  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

De  Bruyn,  Peter,  b.  at  Zeeland,  Mich.,  Oct.  24,  1850;  H.C.  70,  H.S.  73,  1. 
CI.  Holland;  Rochester,  1873-91,  Grand  Haven,  1891-97;  d.  May  18. 
His  parents  were  among  the  earliest  Holland  immigrants  to  Western 
Michigan.  His  father  was  an  elder  in  the  church  and  a  teacher  in  the  village 
school  at  Zeeland.  The  son's  youth  was  spent  in  that  place  and  in  Holland, 
whither  his  parents  removed.  Springing  from  sturdy  pioneer  stock,  he  was 
imbued  with  the  spirit  of  the  early  Dutch  settlers.  As  a  citizen  and  noble 
Christian  worker  he  endeared  himself  to  all  by  his  life  and  a  conscientious 
discharge  of  his  many  duties.  Unassuming  and  reliable,  he  met  every  duty 
and  sorrow  courageously,  devoting  himself  to  the  Christian  education  of 
those  with  whom  he  had  to  do.  He  was  most  highly  esteemed  as  a  man 
with  pure  motives,  high  ideals  and  irreproachable  character.  As  a  pulpit 
orator  it  is  claimed  that  he  had  few  superiors.  He  was  equally  gifted  in 
the  Holland  and  English  languages.  His  sermons  and  addresses  were  con- 
vincing and  models  of  logic.  His  bearing  before  an  audience  kept  the  at- 
tention of  his  hearers.  He  was  a  most  kindly  man  and  his  work  among  his 
parishioners  most  efifective.  The  Consistory  of  his  first  charge  at  Rochester 
expressed  great  gratitude  for  his  labors  in  establishing  their  church.  The 
church  he  served  in  Grand  Haven  is  one  of  the  largest  in  the  State.  He 
witnessed  a  remarkable  growth  in  its  membership  and  during  his  pastorate 
many  improvements  were  made.  He  was  Secretary  of  the  Western  Social 
Conference.  His  urbane  and  gracious  presence  was  a  great  delight  to  his 
brethren.  Interested  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  church,  his  contribu- 
tions whether  prepared  or  spontaneous,  were  always  suggestive  and  help- 
ful. "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  ^897,  7/3.  Christian  Intelligencer,  June  9,  1897. 
De  Buhr,  Peter,  b.  East  Friesland,  Germany.  Mission  House  Col.  1907. 
Mission  House  Sem.  1910.  (1.  by  CI.  Dakota.  R.C.  U.S.  1910.  Ash- 
ley, N.  D.,  1910-13).     Logan,  Dell  Rapid,  S.  D.  1913 

Deck,  H.  A.     Rec'd  from  Cong.  1915.     Wanaque,  1916-19.     (Cong.  Hills- 

boro,  Oregon,  1919 

Decker,    Elsworth   W.,   b.    Cranford,    N.    J.,    Feb.    7,    1873.      N.B.S.    1906. 

Rosendale,  N.  Y.,  1906-08.     Westwood,  N.  J..  1908 

Decker,  Floyd,  b.   Flatbrookville,   N.  J..   Sept.  28,    1869;    R.C.   98,   N.B.S. 
1901.  1.  CI.  N.B.,  Keyport,  1901-1908.     Ass.  Middle  Col.  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C, 
1903-04.     Ch.  of  the  Comforter,  N.  Y.  C,  1904-12.     Elmendorf  Chapel 
(ist  Harlem  Col.,  N.  Y.  C),  1912-18.     d.  Dec.  i. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1919,  92c. 
Decker,  Henry  E.     W.C.  1854,  N.B.S.  1857,  1.  CI.  Rensselaer,  1857;    New 
Concord,    1857-60,    Piermont,    1860-5,    Grand    Rapids,    1865-7,    Havana, 
1867-72,   Davenport,    1872-5,   teaching,    1876    (Turin,   N.   Y.,   Presbyt.)  ; 
died  March  25,  1893. 
Deelsnyder,   C.   W.     Northern   111.   Col.    1901.     W.S.   1905.     1.   by  CI.  Wis. 
DeMotte,  Ind.,  1905-07;    Luctor,  Prairie  View,  Kan.,  1908-12;    Atwood, 
Central   Lake,  Mich.,    1912-14;     Sully    (Bethany),   la.,    1914-18;     Sand- 
stone,  Minn.,   1920 

De  Fraest,  David  R.,  b.  in  Greenbush,  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1785 ;    N.B.S. 
1818,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1818;    Cato,  1821-5,  Cato  and  Stirling,  1825,  independ- 
ent,  1825-8,   1828,  suspended;    Assoc.  Presbyt.;    d.   1851. 
De  Graff,  Garret  D.  L.,  b.  Marbletown,  N.  Y.,  May  18,  1869;    N.B.S.  1901, 
1.   CI.   Kingston;     Blue   Mountain,    N.    Y.,    1901-1905.      Berne,    1905-08, 
Cortland,  1909-10.    d.  Nov.  23. 
See  Min.  Gen.   Syn.,   191 1,  257. 
De   Groot,   David,   b.   in   Friesland,    Neths.,   Aug.   6,    1871  ;     Gymnasium   in 
Neths. ;    Calvin  C.     W.S.  97,  1.  CI.  Mich.;  Otley,  Iowa,  97-9,  Roseland, 
Minn.,  1899-1903.     Churchville,  Luctor,  Minn.,  1903-05.     (Pres.  Hospers, 
la.,  1905-17),  w.  c. 
Publication  :    "Volksviend." 
De  Haai,  C.     Rec'd  from  Pres.  191 2.     d.  July,  1921. 
De    Haan,    John,     Danforth,     111.,     1898,     Summit,     111.,     1899-1903.       S.S. 


THE   MINISTRY  299 

Emmanuel    Mission,    Irving    Park,    Chicago,    1902-04.      Grand    Rapids, 
6th,  1904-10.     Kalamazoo,  3d,  1910-17. 
DeHand,  C.     1913.    A  mistake  for  De  Haai. 

De  Hart,  Wm.  H.,  b.  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  1837;  R.C.  65,  N.B.S.  68,  1. 
CI.  Bergen;  N.  and  S.  Hampton,  68-71,  N.Y.C.,  Knox  Mem.  Chapel, 
71-7,  Jamaica,  77-87,  Bethlehem,  ist,  87-8,  Raritan,  3d,  1888-1911. 
Stated  Clerk  of  General  Synod,  1896-1915.  d.  Feb.  14,  1916.  D.D.  R.C. 
1900. 
His  loyalty  to  the  Reformed  Church  and  his  kindly  spirit  made  him  a 
useful  and  beloved  minister. 

See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1916,  936. 
DeHollender,  John  A.,  b.  Zeeland,  Neths.,  Jan.  4,  1875.     Univ.  Mich.,  1905. 
N.B.S.   1908.     Pultneyville,  1908-10;    Principal  Annville,  Industrial  In- 
stitute, 191 1 ;    Cicero,  N.  Y.,  1912-15;    Amity,  Visscher's  Ferry,  1916-18; 
Glenville,  ist,  Schenectady,  1918-20. 
Dejong,  DeJonge.     Sec  also  DeYoung. 
Dejong,  Abraham,  see  DeYoung. 

Dejong,  Fred.  H.  H.C.  1916.  W.T.S.  1919.  Student  Princeton  1920. 
1.  by  CI.  W.  Sioux  1919.  Ord.  by  CI.  West  Sioux  1920.  McKee,  Ky., 
1920. 
De  Jong,  Jacob  P.,  b.  Roseland,  111.,  Oct.  31,  1854.  H.C.  1880,  McCormick 
Scm.,  Chicago,  83,  1.  CI.  Wisconsin;  Greenleafton,  Minn.,  83-5,  New 
Holland,  Mich.,  85-87,  Chicago,  Englewood,  87-93,  Zeeland,   1893-1910, 

Alton,    la.,    191C .     Member   Council    H.C.     Member    Bd.   Trustees 

Central  C. 
Publications:   Articles  for  Dutch  press. 
Dejong.  Peter  C.     Sheboygan  Falls,  Wis.,  1904-07 ;    Grand  Rapids,  Bethel, 

1908-10;    Manito,  1910-12;    Danforth,  111.,  1912-18.     Pres. 
De   Jonge,    Albert    Willem,    b.    Appindegam,    Groningen,    Neths.,    Sept.    22, 
1868;    W.S.  98,  1.  CI.  Holland;    Holland,  4th,  Mich.,  1898-1903.     Grand 
Rapids,   3d,    1903-05,    Hull,    la.,    1905-13,    Grand   Rapids,    7th,    1914-18. 

Ch.  Ref.  Ch.,  1918-21,  Steen,  Minn,  1921 

De  Jonge,  B.  (brother  of  A.  W.  De  Jonge),  W.S.  1900,  Gelderland,  Mich., 
1900-1902.  Chicago,  Northwestern,  1902-04;  Sioux  Centre,  la.,  1904- 
12;  Carmel,  Rock  Valley,  la.,  1912-14;  Rock  Valley,  ist,  1914-17. 
Christian  Reformed  Church. 
De  Jonge,  Gerhard,  b.  Zeeland,  Mich.,  June  8,  1859;  H.C.  82,  W.S.  87,  1. 
CI.  Holland;  S.  Blendon,  Mich.,  87-90,  Vriesland,  Mich.,  1890-1912. 
Educational  Agent  of  H.C.  and  W.S.  1912-14.  Classical  Miss.  CI.  Hol- 
land 1914 .     Member  of  Council  H.C.  1890 .     S.C.  CI.  Holland 

1889.     Associate  Editor  of  De  Hope.     D.D.  by  H.C.  1921. 
Publications:    "In  How   Far  Does  the  Western   Seminary   Supply  the 
Needs  of  the  Western  Field,"  an  address  delivered  at  quarter  centennial  of 
W.S.      Historical    Address   delivered   at    Semi-Centennial   of    H.C.      Many 
articles  for  the  press. 

De  Jonge,  Johu  Lukas,  b.  Roseland,  111.,  Dec.   12,  1872;    H.C.  93,  P.  S.  96, 
winning  the  Hebrew  Fellowship,  $600,  that  year.     Orange  City,  Iowa, 
96-7;    died  at  San  Diego,  Feb.  6,  1898. 
DeJonge,  Wm.   P.,  b.  at  Goes,   Neth.,   1824;    grad.   at   Kampen,   Hoi.,   Oct. 
58;    lie.  and  ord.  by  Christian  Ref.  Ch.,  Holland.  58;    settled  in  chs.  of 
Refd.    Christian    Ch.,    Neths.,    58-71;     Grandville,    Mich.,    71-1887;     d. 
Aug.  8. 
He  was  an  able  preacher.     His  sermons  were  always  edifying.     His  aim 
was  to  establish  his  people  in  the  truth.     Such  was  his  love  of  preaching 
that  even  after  his  health  began  to   fail  and  when  in  groat  physical  weak- 
ness, he  still  ascended  the  pulpit  and  continued  his  labors  until  the  Master 
called  him.     He  was  already  in  middle  life  when  he  came  to  America  in 
1 87 1,  but  he  at  once  joined  the   Refd.   Ch.   in   America  and   was  always  in 
hearty   sympathy   with   it.      During   the   agitation   and   secession   movement, 


300  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

1880-2,  he  stood  firm  as  a  rock  against  it  and  manifested  his  loyalty  by 
word  and  deed.  He  pubHshed  at  this  time  an  earnest  pamphlet  against 
the  movement  and  advocated  loyalty  to  the  Refd.  Ch.  in  A. — D.  Broek. 
See  also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1888,  676. 

De  Jongh,  John,  H.C.  1897,  W.S.  IQCO.     1.  by  CI.  Holland.     Wormser  City, 
1st,  Montana,  1900-01;    Pella,  Neb.,  1901-08;    Rock  Valley,  la.,  1908-14; 

Edgerton,   Minn.,   1914 

Dekker,   Frederick   G.,   b.   Zwartshius.    Neths.,   July   11,    1866,   Lit.   Depart- 
ment, Theolog.   Sem.   Kampen.  Holland,   1892.   N.B.S.  96,  1.   CI ; 

Wortendyke.   N.  J.,  06-97,   Paterson,   ist,   Holl.,    1897-1910;    Doon,   la., 
1910-12.     Classical  Miss.  CI.   Iowa,   1912-18.     d.   Sept.  25. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1919,  p.  920. 
DeKraker,  James  J.,  b.  Jenison,   Mich..   July  29,   1884.     H.C.   1908.     W.S. 
1908-10.     N.B.S.  1911.     New  Hurley,  1911-12;    Rochester,  ist,  1912-16; 
West  Hobokcn,  ist,  1917-19. 
DeLange.  Th.  L.,  b.  March  24,  1861.     Netherlands.     Grand  Rapids,   Mich., 
1889,  Sem.  1892.     1.  by  CI.  of  111.  1892.     Christian  Ref.  Ch.     Friesland 

and  Sandstone,  Minn.,  1915-19;    Valley  Spring,  S.  D..  1919 

De  LaVergne,  James  A.     R.C.  Class  of   1833.     N.B.S.   1833-5.     Presbyter- 
ian— Superintendent   Public   Schools,  Clinton,   Mo.,   1867-8.     d.  Jan.  30, 
1899. 
Dellius,  Godfriedus,  b.  1652,  matriculated  in  Leyden  University,  Oct.  i,  1672, 
for  the  study  of  Philosophy;    lie.  by  Classis  of  Wyk  about  1680-1  ;    ord. 
by  CI.  Amsterdam,  July  20,  1682;    Albany,  also  supplying  Schenectady, 
1683-99;     suspended,   illegally,   by  the   civil   authorities;     also   Miss,   to 
A/Iohawk  Indians.   1683-99;    returned  to   Holland;    Antwerp,    1700-1714 
and  longer. 
Dellius  was  called  to  Albany  as  an  assistant  to  Schaats  in  his  declining 
days.    The  early  years  of  Dellius'  pastorate  were  quiet,  but  the  last  ten  years 
of   his  American  ministry  were  much  disturbed  because   of   his   connection 
with  civil  affairs.     In  common  with  other  Reformed  clergy,  he  refused  to 
recognize   Leisler  in    1689.     This   led  to  a   severe   persecution   against   him, 
and  after  many  dangers  and  trials  he  escaped  to  Boston. 

After  Leisler's  execution  in  May,  1601,  Governor  Sloughter  recalled 
Dellius.  He  was  on  the  point  of  embarking  for  Europe,  but  for  the  sake 
of  teaching  the  poor  Indians  around  Albany,  he  returned  to  his  old  charge. 
He  was  allowed  by  the  Government  60  pounds  a  year  for  teaching  the 
Indians.  Like  Megapolensis  before  him,  he  obtained  great  influence  over 
the  savages  and  greatly  restrained  their  ferocity  toward  their  French  pris- 
oners, for  which  he  was  heartily  thanked. 

Under  Governor  Fletcher  Dellius  was  employed  as  civil  agent  among  the 
Indians,  and  obtained  a  share  in  the  extensive  land  grants  extending  north 
and  west  from  Albany. 

When  the  Earl  of  Bellemont  became  Governor  he  took  great  offence  at 
these  land  grants  to  Dellius  and  others,  declaring  that  they  had  been  obtained 
by  fraud.  The  Governor  believed  all  sorts  of  rumors  and  gossip  about  Del- 
lius and  spared  no  opportunity  to  blacken  his  character. 

In  the  spring  of  1699  Bellomont  secured  a  bill  to  vacate  the  land  grants 
and  a  vote  to  suspend  Dellius  from  the  ministry.  Supported  by  his  congre- 
gation and  by  the  ministers  of  the  province,  Dellius  went  to  England  to 
defend  himself.  The  King  long  delayed  action  in  the  matter  and  Dellius 
proceeded  to  Holland.  There  he  obtained  the  support  of  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam,  and  by  an  action  at  law  obtained  part  of  the  sums  due  him  for 
his  service  to  the  Indians. 

See  "Col.  Hist.  N.  Y.,"  iii,  696,  715.  jzi,  753,  771-2;  iv,  26,  47-50,  60, 
78,  88,  92-97.  125.  170.  175-8.  219,  239,  240,  248,  279-282,  294-5,  330-351,  362-7, 
379,  391,  398,  402,  426,  462-3,  488-490,  497.  500,  503.  505.  510.  514.  5^8-9, 
533-4.  539-541,  553-8,  566,  581-2,  586.  622-3,  714,  743,  774,  780-5,  791,  813, 
825-6,  1112;   V,  715,  553,  651  ;  vi,  145,  569;  viii,  344-5;    ix,  680-2,  690-2.  "Doc. 


THE    MINISTRY  3OI 

Hist.  N.  Y.,"  ii.  -jz,  247;  iii,  78,  81-2,  422,  535-541.  562.  "Smith's  Hist. 
N.  Y.,"  78,  92,  98,  159,  279.  "Bancroft's  U.  S.,"  iii,  192.  "Ecc.  Rec.  N.  Y.," 
many  letters.  In  letter  Dec.  29,  1700,  the  Classis  vindicates  Dellius  from 
the  aspersions  of  Bcllomont.  See  also  "Johnson's  Sketches  of  Ch.  of  Al- 
bany," 1899.  Page  13.  Christian  Intelligencer,  Feb.  7,  1900.  "Pickled  Sal- 
mon and  Oysters." 
Del  Monaco,  Antonio.     N.B.S.   1918-19.     Missionary  Work  among  Italians. 

—Editor. 
Demarest,  Alfred  Howard  (son  of  David  D.  Demarest),  b.  Hudson,  N.  Y., 
Nov.  23,  i860;    R.C.  79,  N.B.S.  84,  1.  CI.  N.B.;    Port  Richmond,  S.  I., 
84-1901,   Catskill,  1901-1904.    d.  Nov.  3.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1904. 
One  of  the  elders  of  Catskill  said  of  him,  "He  was  the  finest  man  I  ever 
knew." 

See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1905,  276. 
Demarest,  Cor.  T.,  b.  Jan.  2.2,,  1786,  in  N.  Y.  C,  C.C.   1804,  studied  under 
Livingston  and  Froeligh,  I.  CI.  Paramus   1807;    White  House,   1808-13, 
English    Neighborhood,    1813-24,    seceded,    suspended.    (Englisli    Neigh- 
borhood, 1824-39,  Hackensack  and  English  Neighborhood,  1839-52,  New 
York,    King    St.    1852-62;     d.    Dec.    26.)      Elected   a    trustee   of    Q.C. 
1812.     A.M.  by  C.C.  1813. 
In  the  early  part  of  his  labors  at  English  Neighborhood  he  seems  to  have 
been  much  blessed.     For  five  years  all  was  amicable.     But  he  then  became 
entangled  in  the  unhappy  difiiculties  of  the   Hackensack  Church  by  taking 
part   too  warmly   with   Domine   Froeligh.      (Froeligh.)      He   was   charged 
with  having  tampered  with  the  Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Bergen  in  refer- 
ence to  the  matters  in  dispute,  and  thus  he  was  led  on  into  the  secession  in 
1824.      ("Comp.    Banner  of   Truth,"   vol.   iv,    125.)      The   Classis   then   sus- 
pended him   (he  refusing  to  appear)    for  falsifying  their  Minutes,   for  pre- 
varication and  private  and  public  abuse  of   Classis  and   for   public  schism. 
(See    Minutes   of    Classis.)      His    Consistory   unanimously   went   with   him 
into   the  secession   and  attempted  to   carry  the  property   with  them,   which 
re3ulted   in   a   lawsuit,    sixty-two   members   of    the   congregation    protesting 
against    their    secession.      Judge    Ewing   decided   against    the    seceders    and 
gave  the  property  to  those  who  had  remained  in  the  old  connection.     He 
seems  to  have  taken  the  place  of   Solomon  Froeligh  when  he  died  in   1827, 
as  the  chief  leader  of  the  secession.     He  trained  several   students   for  the 
ministry.      See    "Tavlor's    Annals    of    CI.    of    Bergen"    and    "Brinkerhoff's 
Hist,  of  True  Refd.  Dutch  Church." 

Publications:  "A  Lamentation  over  Rev.  Solomon  Froeligh,  S.T.D.," 
1827.  This  stout  pamphlet  contains  much  valuable  matter  on  the  history 
of  Dr.  Froeligh  and  the  Secession  of  1822,  but  bears  marks  of  the  bitter- 
ness of  the  times.  "Funeral  Sermon  on  Rev.  Chas.  Hardenbergh,"  1821, 
in  "Banner  of  Truth,"  vol.  iii.  Several  other  sermons  in  "Banner  of 
Truth,"  one  on  Demonology.  In  1831  he  was  highly  eulogized  by  Rev. 
C.  Z.  Paulison,  in  his  "Development  of  Facts,  Etc.,"  but  in  his  "Reasons 
for  Leaving  the  True  Refd.  D.  Ch."  in  1832,  he  was  criticized  for  "lack 
of  unction,"  "Christless  preaching,"  etc.  See  Lemma  XV,  Acts  of  Syn. 
T.R.D.C.  1863,  for  notice  of  his  death.  "Funeral  Sermons  by  Rev.  A.  Van 
Houten,"  in  "Ban.  of  Truth,"   Sept.,   1894. 

Demarest,  David  D.,  b.  near  Schraalenberg,  N.  J.,  July  30,  1819,  R.C.  yj, 
N.B.S.  40,   lie.  by  CI.   N.B.;    Catskill    (assist,  of    Rev.   Jas.   Romeyn), 
40-41,   F"latbush,  Ulster  Co.,   N.   Y..  41-43,   New   Brunswick,   2d,  43-52, 
Hudson.  N.  Y.,  52-65,  Prof,  of  Pastoral  Theology  and  Sacred  Rhetoric, 
N.B.  Sem.  65-1898;    d.  June  21.    D.D.  by  C.N.J.  1857.    Pres.  Gen.  Syn. 
1858.,     Stated  Clerk,  Gen.  Svn.,   1862-71.     LL.D.  by  R.C.   1892.     Trus- 
tee R.C.  1858-98. 
He  was,  from  his  earliest  years,  a  student  from  love  of  study.     With  a 
mind  clear  and  quick,  he  absorbed  knowledge  rapidly.     It  was  the  ambition 
of  his  youth  to  become  a  scholar.     He  was  hard  working  and  painstaking, 


302  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

SO  that  from  the  beginning  of  his  ministry  he  took  stand  in  the  church 
as  one  of  her  most  soHdly  grounded  men.  As  a  lover  of  language  and 
literature,  a  student  of  history,  secular  and  sacred,  a  theologian  and  writer, 
his  conversation,  addresses  and  writings  gave  evidence  of  accurate  habits 
of  thought.  As  a  natural  outcome  of  his  persistent  unity  of  thought  and 
self-culture,  he  became  a  marked  man  in  the  church  and  her  councils. 
Boyhood  growth,  under  very  special  conditions,  had  made  him  an  intense 
lover  of  the  Reformed  Church  and  from  his  entrance  in  the  ministry  he 
gave  himself  without  reserve  and  with  the  whole  strength  of  his  special 
lines  of  study  to  the  support  of  her  polity  and  institutions.  He  was  looked 
upon  as  a  living  ideal  of  the  personality,  the  manners,  pulpit  gifts,  pastoral 
devotion  and  ruling  tact,  which  the  church  wished  to  have  developed  in  her 
students  for  the  ministry.  His  carefully  prepared  lectures  reflected  honor 
on  the  seminary,  but  his  personal  character  and  spirit  taught  even  more 
powerfully.  His  nature  was  pure,  his  thought  was  clear,  his  temper  was 
even,  his  tact  was  unfailing,  his  prayers  and  sermons  were  methodic,  neat 
and  instructive  and  his  pastoral  spirit  was  cordial,  winning  and  comforting. 
From  faithful  study  he  had  grown  into  a  mastery  of  the  truths  of  divine 
revelation  as  systematized  in  the  standards  of  the  church. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  History  and  Characteristics  of  the  Reformed  Protestant 
Dutch  Church,  1856.  Revised  edition,  1889.  One  of  three  editors  Centennial 
Volume  of  N.B.S.,  1884.  Pastoral  Theology,  1897.  Many  articles  in  many 
papers  and  magazines.     For  full  list  see  Manual,  1902. 

Demarest,  Jas.   (son  of  John  Demarest),  b.  1797,  Dec.  28,  at  Boght,  N.  Y. ; 

Col.  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  N.  Y.  1820,  N.B.S.  29,  1.  CI.  N.B. 

Miss,  at  Williamsburgh,  29-30,  Williamsburgh,  30-39,  Wawarsing,  42-48, 

Miss,  at  Lansing,  Mich.,  48,  Sup.  of  Leake  and  Watts  Orphan  House, 

49-53.  North  Hempstead,  53-59,  w.  c. ;    died  Jan.  24,  1887. 

As   a  minister   of   the   Gospel,   he   was   a   methodical   sermonizer   and   an 

acceptable  preacher ;   as  a  pastor,  active  and  conscientious  in  visitation ;    as  a 

member  of  Classis  the  embodiment  of   frankness  and  devout  piety,  full  of 

good  works  and  love.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1887,  435. 

Demarest,  James    (son   of   Jas.   Demarest),   b.    Brooklyn,   N.   Y.,   July  28, 
1832;    U.C.   1852,   N.B.S.  56,  1.   CI.    N.  Y.;    Hackensack,  2d,    1856-63, 
Newark,    North,    63-6,    Chicago,   2d,    66-72    (Peekskill,    Presby.    72-4), 
Kingston,  2d,  74-82;    Fort  Plain,  84-90,  Flushing,  90-7,  Brooklyn,  North 
(S.S.),    1898.      Financial    Secretary   of    Special    Committee   on   the   Fi- 
nances of  N.B.S..  1898-1902.     Brooklyn,  Bethany,  1902-11,  P.E.  1911-13. 
d.  June  29.     He  was  a  man  of  courage  and  a  reviver  of  weak  churches. 
D.D.  by  U.C.  1877.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1914,  244. 
Publications:    A  number  of  sermons  in  pamphlet  form  and  in  the  re- 
ligious and  secular  press.     Many  contributions  to  "Christian   Intelligencer" 
and  other  papers.     "The  Duty  of  Ref.  Ch.  in  the  Future,  as  Foreshown  by 
Its  Course  in  the  Past,"  in  "Centennial  Discourses,"   1876.     "Exposition  of 
S.S.   Lessons,"  in   "Ch.   Int."  and   "Kingston   Freeman,"   Oct.-Dec,    1880. 
Demarest,   Jas.   D.,   b.   March  9,    1780;     studied   theol.   under   Froeligh   and 
Livingston,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1803;    Catsbaan,  1808-9,  Kakiat  and  Ramapo, 
1809-24,  seceded  (Ramapo  and  Kakiat   (Hempstead),  24-58,  w.  c.)  ;    d. 
Nov.  7,  1869.     Several  sermons  of  his  have  been  published  in  "Banner 
of  Truth."     Obituary,  "Banner  of  Truth,"  Nov.,  1869. 
Demarest,  Jas.    Schureman  Nevius    (s.   of   D.   D.   Demarest),   b.   at   N.B., 
N.  J.,  July  21,   1851;    R.C.   1872,   N.B.S.   76,   lie.   CI.   N.B.;    Flatbush 
(Ulster  Co.),  N.  Y.,  July  i,  76-81,  Nassau,  N.  Y.,  81-83,  w.  c.  Queens, 
L.  I.,  1887-1917. 
Publication  :    "Our  National  Calamity"— On  death  of  Garfield,  1881. 
Demarest,   John,   b.   at   New   Bridge,   N.   J.,   Sept.   5,    1764;     studied   under 
Froeligh,  1.  by  Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1789;    Niskayuna  and  Boght,  1790- 
1803,  Minisink  and  Mahakemack,  1803-8;    Ponds  and  Wyckofif,  1812-20, 


THE    MINISTRY  3O3 

seceded,  1822;    suspended,  1824,  Missy,  of  CI.  Hackensack,  1825.     Died 

April  8,  1837. 
He  was  of  the  fourth  generation  in  descent  from  David  Demarest,  the 
original  American  settler.  He  was  old  enough  before  the  close  of  the 
Revolution  to  bear  arms  in  the  militia  of  Bergen  Co.,  N.  J.,  for  about  three 
years.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  began  to  study  for  the  ministry.  In  1820 
he  removed  to  a  small  farm  near  Tappan,  N.  Y.  He  manifested  a  great 
zeal  for  purity  of  doctrine,  the  faithful  exercise  of  discipline  and  a  dis- 
criminating administration  of  the  sacraments.  He  would  not  baptize  the 
children  of  non-professors.  It  was  after  he  left  the  pastorate  that  he 
seceded. 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Demarest,  John  Terhune,  b.  near  Hackensack,  N.  J.,  Feb.  20,   1813;    R.C. 

34,  N.B.S.  Z7^  J-  CI.  N.B.  New  Prospect,  37-49,  Minisink,  50-2,   Prin. 

of  the  Harrisburgh  Academy,  52-4,  Pascack,  54-67,  New  Prospect,  69-71, 

again  73-85,  Emeritus.     Died  Jan.  30,  1897.     D.D.  b.  R.C.  1857. 
He  was  a  man  of  strong  convictions,  fearless  in  their  expression.     He  was 
an  accurate  student  and  a  ready  writer.     His  commentaries  are  a  rich  mine 
for  gospel  sermons. 

See  "Mints,  of  Gen.  Syn.,"  1897,  768.  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  of  R.C," 
1897,  8.     "Schaff-Herzog,  Cyc."     See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  "Exposition  of  First  Peter,"  8vo,  pp.  283,  1851.  ("Prince- 
ton Rev.,"  xxiii,  561.)  "Exp.  of  Second  Peter,"  8vo,  pp.  225,  1862.  "The 
Efficient  Cause  of  Regeneration,"  "The  Duty  and  Manner  of  Preaching  to 
the  Unrenewed"  and  the  "Doctrine  of  Election :  Three  Sermons,"  1842. 
"Sectarianism  Rebuked;  or  Immersion  Not  the  Only  Mode  of  Baptism:  A 
Tract,"  1861.  "A  Tract  on  Bib.  Doct.  of  Justification."  "Chrislocracy ; 
or.  Essays  on  the  Coming  and  Kingdom  of  Christ,"  1867,  1879.  Dr.  Gordon 
was  joint  author  in  this  work.  "A  Commentary  on  the  Catholic  Epistles," 
8vo.  pp.  650,   1879. 

Demarest,  Nathan  Henry,  b:  N.   Y.  C,  July  3,   1861  ;    R.C.  80,   N.B.S.  83, 
1.  CI.  N.  Y. ;    Miss,  at  Nagasaki,  Japan,   1883-90,   Roxbury,  N.   Y.,   1890- 

1912.     Missionary  Japan,  1912-13.     d.  Feb.  17,  1917. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1917,  256. 
Demarest.  Stephen  Du  Bois,  b.  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  Jan.  28,  1868 ;    R.C. 

88.  N.B.S.  91,  1.  CI.  N.  B.    (Bessemer,  near  Pueblo),  91-92,  Prescott, 

Arizona.  92-94;    d.  Dec.  11.     See  Dr.  J.  G.  Lansing's  notice  of  him,  in 

"Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1895.  17. 
Demarest,  Wm.,  b.  near  Hackensack,  Aug.  24,  1813;    CC  34,  N.B.S.  2,^,  \. 

CI.  N.  Y.;    Miss,  in  N.  Y.  C  37-8;    Clover  Hill,  38-40,  New  Hurley, 

4)-5.  Berne,   ist,  and  Beaverdam.  45-50,  Westerlo,  50-4,  Bound   Brook, 

54-7,  Ramapo,  1858-70,  Union,  1871-4;    d. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

PuiiLirATiON.s :     "Translation    of    Frclinghuysen's    Sermons,"    i2mo,    pp. 
418,    1856;     with   an   admirable   sketch   of   the  author.    Rev.   T.   J.    Freling- 
huysen.      "Translation   of   the    Minutes   of    the    Early    Provisional    Synod," 
1771-92;    in  vol.  i  of  the  so-called  "Mints,  of  Gen.  Syn.,"  1859. 
Demarest,  Wm.,  in  secession,  licensed  1837,  w.  c. 
Demarest.  Wm.  H.   S.   (son  of   D.  D.  Demarest).  b.   Hudson.  N.  Y.,  Mav 

12.  1863;    R.C.  83,  teaching  in  R.C.  Prep.  School,  83-6,  N.B.S.  88,  1.  CL 

N.B.;    Walden,  88-97,  Catskill,  97-1901.  Prof.  Ecc.  Hist,  and  Ch.  Gov. 

N.B.S.  1901-06.     President  Rutgers  College  1906 .     Pres.  Gen.  Syn., 

1909.     D.D.  R.C.  1901  and  N.  Y.  Univ.     LL.D.  CU.  1910.     U.C  191 1. 

Univ.  Pittsburgh  1912. 
Publications:  "Hist.  Disc."  at  Walden.  N.  Y.,  1893.  "Memorial  Ser- 
mon of  Henry  Cromwell  Knapp,"  1894.  Address :  "The  Making  of  the 
States."  1894.  "Reconstruction  in  the  Sunday  School,"  in  "Presb.  and 
Refd.  Rev.,"  1901.  An  outline  of  Ch.  Hist.  1905.  Hist,  of  R.C.  in  this 
work     Educational  Addresses  and  Sermons. 


304  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

De  Martel,  Jacques  Adam,  from  London ;    supplied  French  Ch.  N.  Y.  C, 

Feb.  4,  1770-Aug.,  1771. 
De  Meester,  Peter,  b.  South  Holland,  Neth.,  June  3,  1883.     Student  R.C. 
1906-10,  N.B.S.  1913.     1.  by  CI.  Passaic.     Ghent,  2d,  1913-19;    Owasco, 

N.  Y.,  1919-1921  ;    New  Baltimore,  N.  Y.,  1922 

DeMotts,  Garret.    H.C.  1913.     N.B.S.  1916.    1.  by  CI.  N.B.    Wallkill,  1916- 

1921 ;  Grand  Rapids,  Oakdale  Park,  1921. 
De  Mund,  Isaac  S.,  b.  at  Stillwater,  N.J.,  1803;  C.N.J.  23;  studied  theology 
with  Rev.  John  Cornell,  while  assisting  him  in  his  classical  school  at 
Somerville,  N.  J.,  23-5,  lie.  and  ord.  by  Presb.  Newton,  Oct.  25  (San- 
dusky and  Milan,  O.,  25-6,  S.S.  Ringwood,  N.  J.,  26-7,  Presbyt.),  Wal- 
peck  1827-9,  teaching  at  Natchez  Academy.  Miss.,  29-30,  Pompton,  30- 
39,  Houston  St.,  N.  Y.,  39-48,  Yonkers,  48-50,  Belleville.  50-56  (2d 
Lancaster  (St.  Paul's)  Ger.  Ref.,  56-64),  Paramus,  1864-70,  w.  c, 
supplied  Coxsackie,  ist,  70-1,  Athens,  2d,  71,  1875,  Ramseys,  76-7, 
Emeritus,  1875.  Died  Ap.  23,  1888. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications  :  Several  sermons  and  addresses,  among  which  may  be 
mentioned  a  "Sermon  on  Death  of  Pres.  Taylor,"  1850.  "Lamentation  on 
Death  of  Pres.  Lincoln,"  1865.  "Subordination  to  Government  the  Salva- 
tion of  our  Country,"  1861.  Also,  a  "Review  of  General  Synod's  Action 
on  Slavery,"  a  series  of  articles  in  "Ch.  Intelligencer,"  signed  "Omega" 
and  "D.,"  including  an  article  against  the  Synod's  action  in  refusing  ad- 
mission to  the  Classis  of  North  Carolina  (Ger.  Refd.  Ch.)  because  some 
of  its  members  were  slaveholders ;  dated  Dec.  27,  1855.  Said  Classis 
wished  to  join  the  Dutch  Church  because  of  the  Mercersburg  Theology  in 
the  German  Church.  "Translation  of  Thysius  on  the  Lord's  Supper,"  in 
"Mercersberg  Review." 

Denekas,  Wolbert,  b.  German  Valley,  111.,  Aug.  16,  1875.  H.C.  1901. 
Dubuque  Sem.  and  W.T.S.  1.  by  CI.  P.P.  1904.  Baker,  Melvin,  la., 
1904-09;    Castlewood  and  Dempster,  S.  D.,  1909-18  (German,  Dutch  and 

English)  ;    Dempster,  alone,  1918-19;    Pekin.  111.,  2d,  1919 . 

Denham,   Alex.,    from   Assoc.    Refd.   Presbyt.   of   Washington,    1827,   w.   c. 

1827-30. 
Den  Herder,  M.  J.,  b.  Oct.  9,  1888,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.    H.C.  1913.    N.B.S. 

W.T.S.  1916.    1.  by  CI.  G.R.    Linlithgo  (Johnstown),  N.  Y.,  1916 

Den  Hollander,  Abram,  a  candidate  in  Classis  of  Rochester,  1901. 
Denman,  Mark  Austin,  b.  Amity,   Pa.,  Aug.  3,   1859,  Washington  and  Jef- 
ferson Coll.  82,  P.S.  86,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  Troy,  85    (Presbyt.  Melrose, 
N.  Y.,  86-9)  ;    Bacon  Hill  and  Gansevoort,  89-91,  Canajoharie,  91-1897, 
Chatham,  1897-1901,  Brooklyn,  12th  st.,  1901-04. 
Denniston,  J.  Otis,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  1835;    Y.C.  56,  U.S.  61-2,  U.S.  Army,  63-5, 
lie.   66,    Chapel    at    Fishkill-on-Hudson,    66-8;     ord.    CI.    Poughkeepsie, 
May,  67;    Presbyt.  1868.     See  "Union  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 
DePree,  Henry  Peter,  b.  Zeeland,  Mich.,  March  14,  1881.     H.C.  1902.     P.S. 
1905.     1.   by   CI.   Holland.     Pella,   la..   Bethel,   1905-07.     Missionary  to 

China,  1907 

Publications:  Articles  in  Church  Paper.  "Amoy  Lessons,"  1911.  Books 
in  Chinese. 

De  Pree,  J-as.,  b.  Axel,  Netherlands,  Nov.  29,  1845;  H.C.  67,  H.S.  70;  1.  CI. 
Holland;  Spring  Lake,  Mich.,  70-80,  West  Branch  (Sioux  Centre),  la., 
1880-1910;  North  Yakima,  Wash.,  1910-11.  Member  Council  H.C.  and 
Bd.  Trustees  N.W.  Acd. 
Publications  :  Articles  in  religious  papers. 
De  Pree,  Peter,  b.  Axel,  Zeeland,  Neths.,  Ap.  17,  1839;  R.C.  62,  N.B.S.  65; 
1.  CI.  Holland;  Miss.  Pella,  la.,  65-7,  Bethel,  la.,  67-22,  Vriesland,  72- 
82,  Grand  Rapids,  4th,  82-91,  Pella,  ist,  92-18,  Grand  Rapids,  6th, 
1898-1903.  d.  Feb.  3,  1915.  D.D.  by  H.C.  1894.  Member  of  the  Coun- 
cil of  Hope  College.     Editorial  Staff  of  DeHope. 


THE    MINISTRY  3O5 

See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  191 5,  602. 

Publications:  In  part,  Levensgeschiedenis  van  Rev.  Cor.  Van  der  Meu- 
len,  1876. 

De  Pue,  Frank  E.,  b.  Layton,  N.  J.,  Oct.  3,  1871.  N.B.S.  1906.  Blawen- 
burgh,  1906-07;  Wanaque,  1907-11 ;  Boonton,  1911-19;  also  S.S.  Moun- 
tain Lake,  1913.  Pres.  1919. 
De  Puy,  Ephraim,  b.  1814,  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  R.C.  35,  N.B.S.  40,  1.  CI. 
N.B.;  Prattsville,  41-6,  Clove,  46-53,  Alott  Haven,  53-4,  Middleport, 
56-7,  w.  c.  57-61  (became  Episcopalian;  Christ  Ch.  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  61- 
63,  St.  Mary's  Ch.  Burlington,  N.  J.,  63-5 ;  also  Prof,  of  Belles-lettres, 
St.  Mary's  College,  Burlington,  N.  J.,  63-5 ;  Zion  Ch.  Belvidere,  N.  J., 
65-74,  w.  c,  residing  in   New  York  City,  74-90 ;    in  Lakewood,   N.  J., 

90-1896;    died  April  ist.)     D.D.  by 

He  was  a  great  student,  and  was  considered  one  of  the  best  read  men  of 
his  day.     He  was  also  a  colonel  in  the  Civil  War.     See  "Biog.  Notices  of 
Grads.  R.  C,"  1896,  10. 
Derbyshire,  A.  J.     Brooklyn,   ist,   1917-18. 

De  Ronde,  Lambertus,  b.  in  Holland,  1720;  Zwilichem,  17.. -46,  Surinam 
(Dutch  Guiana),  S.  A.,  1746-50,  New  York  and  Harlem,  1750-84, 
Schaghticoke.  1784-95;  d.  Sept.  30. 
In  1749  he  proposed  to  the  Classis  to  publish  a  book  of  First  Truths  in 
Negro-English  and  Dutch.  The  Classis  requested  him  first  to  transmit  it 
to  them  for  approval.  He  made  a  visit  to  New  York  in  1750.  His  preach- 
ing, while  there,  was  so  pleasing  that  the  Collegiate  Church,  after  examin- 
ing his  testimonials,  called  him,  on  Aug.  20,  1750,  with  the  understanding 
that  he  was  to  join  the  Coetus.  In  1751  the  Classis  complained  that  he  had 
been  installed  over  the  church  of  New  York  without  their  knowledge,  and 
that  he  signed  the  letter  of  the  Coetus,  without  any  explanation  of  his  new 
relationships.  But  he  never  attended  another  Coetus  meeting.  He  became 
a  decided  member  of  the  Conferentie  party  after  the  disruption  in  1755,  and 
was  never  absent  from  theii;  meetings.  His  Consistory,  however,  remained 
neutral.  He  was  naturalized  in  1756.  He  did  not  possess  as  high  a  stand- 
ard of  character  and  usefulness  as  his  colleague,  Ritzema,  yet,  in  many 
points,  he  was  respectable.  Though  he  was  one  of  the  committee  which 
procured  Dr.  I^idlie  to  preach  in  English,  he  afterward  turned  against  him. 
and  was  the  leading  spirit  in  the  "Dutch  party"  in  the  famous  lawsuit  which 
grew  out  of  this  matter.  Many  were  bitterly  determined  not  to  submit  to 
the  innovation  of  English  preaching.  The  Consistory,  however,  gained  the 
suit,  which  was  upon  a  side  issue,  while  the  "Dutch  party"  had  £300  costs 
to  pay.  During  the  most  of  the  Revolution,  being  driven  from  his  charge, 
he  supplied  Schaghticoke,  but  in  1780  represented  the  churches  of  Red  Hook 
and  Saugcrtics  in  the  Classis  of  Kingston. — "Ecc.  Rec,  N.Y.,"  many  letters, 
"Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,"  iii.  310,  324.  "Gunn's  Livingston,"  8vo  ed.,  1830,  p.  139. 
"Collegiate  Ch.  Year-Book,"  1885,  67. 

Publications:  "De  gekruisigde  Christus,  als  het  voornaeste  toeleg  van 
Gods  getrouwe  Krin.sgesanten,  in  hunne  prcdiking,"  Nieuw-York :  Hen- 
drick  De  Forest,  1751  ;  4to,  pp.  8  and  28;  or,  "The  Christ  crucified,  as  the 
Principal  Subject  of  God's  Faithful  Servants  of  the  Cross,  in  their  Ser- 
mons." "De  ware  gedachtniss" ;  or,  "The  True  Remembrance,"  Heb. 
^3 '7',  giving  an  account  of  the  death  of  the  Rev.  Gualterus  Du  Bois,  Oct. 
13.  1751-  (A  copy  in  State  Library  at  Albany  Extract  "Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.," 
324).  A  System  containing  the  Principles  of  the  Christian  Religion,  suit- 
able to  the  Heidelberg  Catechism,  by  plain  questions  and  answers,  useful 
for  the  information  of  all  per.sons  in  the  true  confession  of  faith;  and 
necessary  toward  their  ])reparations  for  that  awful  and  solemn  ordinance, 
the  Lord's  Supper.  To  which  is  prefixed  a  particular  address  to  parents  in 
general,  showing  the  relation  they  stand  under  to  their  children,  to  instruct 
them  in  the  principles  of  the  Christian  religion.  And  to  which  is  added  an 
application  upon  the  whole  system.    i6mo,  pp.  185;    New  York:    1763.     (This 


306  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

is  the  first  book  in  the  English  language  published  by  a  member  of  the 
Reformed  Dutch  Church  in  America.  It  was  prepared  a  short  time  before 
the  call  of  Laidlie  to  meet  the  growing  necessity  of  instruction  in  English. 
De  Ronde  himself  offered  to  preach  in  English  if  his  Consistory  thought  him 
qualified.)  "True  Spiritual  Religion;  or,  Delightful  Service  of  the  Lord"; 
Two  Discourses;  and  "True  and  Unfeigned  Repentance  of  Job";  i2mo,  pp. 
xvi,  262;  New  York:  1767.  "De  Constitutie  eenpariglyk  geaccoordeerd  by 
de  algemeene  Conventie,  gehoude  in  de  Stad  van  Philadelphia  in  't  Jaar 
1787;  en  gesubmitteerd  van  het  volk  der  vereeingde  Staaten  van  Noord 
Amerika ;  Zynde  van  ses  derzelve  Staaten  alreede  geadopteerd,  namentlyk, 
Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  Nieuw  Jersey,  Pennsylvanie,  Delaware  en 
Georgia.  Vertaald  door  Lambertus  de  Ronde,  V.  D.  M.  Gedrukt,  by  order 
van  de  Federal  Committee  in  de  Stad  van  Albany,  door  Charles  R.  Webster, 
1788";  or,  "The  Constitution,  unanimously  agreed  to  by  the  General  Con- 
vention, held  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia  in  the  year  1787,  and  submitted  to 
the  People  of  the  United  States  of  North  America.  This  has  already  been 
adopted  by  six  States,  namely,  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  and  Georgia.  Translated  by  Lambertus  de  Ronde, 
V.D.M.,  and  published  by  order  of  the  Federal  Committee  in  the  city  of 
Albany  by  Chs.  R.  Webster,"  1788. 

There  is  bound  up  in  the  same  volume  in  the  State  Library  in  Albany, 
N.  Y.,  the  Constitution  of  the  U.  S.  in  German.  It  was  printed  by  the 
same  authority,  and  is  of  the  same  date  and  imprint ;  but  the  name  of  the 
translator  is  not  given.  The  two  translations  make  a  small  8vo  volume  of 
32  pages. 

Many  letters  to  Holland.     A  few  letters  of  his   from  Surinam  v/ere  se- 
cured by  E.  T.  Corwin  in  1897-8.    These  are  printed  in  "Ecc.  Rec,  N.  Y." 
DeRoos,  Frank.    H.C.  16.    W.T.S.  19.    1.  by  CI.  Dakota.    Kalamazoo,  Beth- 
any, 1920-21.  d. 
De  Rooy,  Jacobus,  b.  1812.     S.S.  Paterson,  ist,  Holl.,  56-8.    Died  1884. 
De  Spelder,  John  A.,  b.  in  Michigan,  1851  ;   H.C.  70,  W.  Sem.  73,  1.  CI.  Mich- 
igan ;     Macon    and    South    Macon,    73-83,    Prin.    of    N.    W.    Classical 
Academy,   Orange   City,   la.,   1883-87.     S.S.   Orange   City    (American), 
1885-7,   pastor,    1887-94.      Serving   as   supply    1894-1907.     Maurice,    la., 
American,   1907-10.     d.  April   14,  1914. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1914,  245. 
De  Voe,  David,  b.  i783(?)  ;    studied  theol.  under  Froeligh,  Beaverdam  and 
Middleburgh,    1811-16,    also    Oppenheim,    11-16,    St.    Johnsville,    16-30, 
Columbia  and  Warren,  1815-19,  34-9;    d.  1843.    Was  an  active  pioneer  in 
Central  New  York,  and  organized  many  churches.     See  reports  of  Miss. 
Soc.  R.  D.  C,  1822-32. 
De  Vries,   Henri,  b.  at   The   Hague,   Neths.,   Dec.    13,    1847;     High   School 
Amsterdam,  71  ;    N.B.S.  76,  1.  N.  CI.  L.  I. ;    Jericho,  L.  I.,  76-77,  Alex- 
andria Bav,  77-82,  Assit.  Past  Middle  Collegiate  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C,  82-84, 
Peekskill,'i884-i9i5.     Prof.  Bible  Training  School,  N.  Y.  C.  and  Mis- 
sionary Institute,  Nyack,  N.  Y.,  1915.     Bd.  Supt.  N.B.S. 
Publications  :     Trans,    from   the    Dutch   of    "The   Work   of    the    Holy 
Spirit,"  by  Dr.  N.  Kuyper,  of  Amsterdam,  1900.     Contributions  to  the  "Ch. 
Int."  and  other  religious  papers. 

De  Vries,  J.  Hendrik,  b.  Amsterdam.  Neths.,  May  8,  1859;  R-C  81,  N.B.S. 
88,  1.  CI.  Westchester;  ord.  by  Presb.  of  Westchester,  88  (Miss.  Pastor 
of   Immanuel    Chapel,   Yonkers,   88-93)  ;     Bronxville,   93-7    (Princeton, 

2d  Presbyt.,  1897-1905.    Episcopalian  1907 ).    D.D.  R.C.  1903. 

Publications  :  Translation  from  the  Dutch  of  one  vol.  of  Dr.  Kuyper's 
"Encyc.  of  Sacred  Theology,"  1898.  Translation  of  several  of  his  articles 
and  homilies  for  the  religious  press. 

De  Vries,  John  Martin,  b.  Nov.  i,  1889,  Aplington,  la.  Mission  House  Col. 
1913.  W.T.S.  1916.  1.  by  CI.  of  Germania.  Cornwall  Centre,  la.. 
1916-19;    Sibley,  la.,  1919 


THE   MINISTRY  307 

Dewing,  Jared,  N.B.S.  1820,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Miss,  at  Princetown,  1822;  Presbyt. 

(Grecnbush  and  Nyack,  1836-41,  Greenbush,  1842-56).    d.  1866. 
(De  Wint,  Peter,  in  1749,  called  to  Bergen  and  Staten  Island;  an  impostor;: 

suspended,  1751,  deposed,   1752,  went  to  West  Indies.) 
De  Witt,  Herman,  b.  Ferrysburg,  Mich.,  Sept.  22,  1876.     H.C.  1909.    W.T.S^ 

1912.     1.  by  CI.  of  ,  1912.     Grant,  Mich.,  1912-16;    Oak  Harbor,. 

Mich.,  1916-17.    d.  Nov.  8. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1918,  599. 
De  Witt,  John,  b.  at  Catskill,  August,  1789;    U.C.  and  C.N.J.  1809,  studied 

under  Dr.   Porter,  of   Catskill,   lie.  by   Berkshire  Assoc,   181 1    (Lanes- 

boro,  Mass.,  11-13)  ;    Albany,  13-15,  Albany,  2d,  15-23,  Prof.  Ecc.  Hist. 

in  New  Brunswick  Sem.,  23-31,  also  of  Oriental  Literature,  25-31,  Prof. 

of   Belles-lettres,  Criticism  and   Logic  in   Rutgers  Col.,  25-31  ;    d.   Oct.. 

II,  1831.    Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1823.    D.D.  by  U.C.  1821. 
He  was  a  man  of  great  versatility  and  of  marked  individuality.     Yet  he 
was  very  useful  in  both  the  pastorate  and  professor's  chair. 
See  Manual  of  1902. 

Publications:    Disc,  on  death  of  Dr.  J.  H.  Livingston,  1825.    A  Ser.  or> 
"Infant   Baptism."     "The  Bible  of   Divine  Origin" :    A  premium  tract.     A 
Ser.  on  the  "Necessity  of  the  Atonement,"  1830,  in  "Murray  St.  Lectures."' 
and  "The  Scripture  Doct.  of  Regeneration,"  1832. 
De  Witt,  John   (son  of  John  De  Witt,  above),  b.  Albany,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  29,. 

1821;    R.C.  38,  N.B.S.  42,  1.  CI.  N.B.;    Ridgeway,  Mich.,  42-4,  Ghent, 

N.  Y.,  1st,  44-9,  Canajoharie,  N.  Y.,  49-50,  Millstone,  N.  J.,  50-63,  Prof.. 

of   Bib.   Lit.   in  N.B.S.,  63-84,   Prof,  of   Hellenistic   Greek  and   N.   T. 

Exegesis,  N.B.S.,  84-92,  resigned.     Member  of  O.T.  Revision  Commit- 
tee 1872-85.     Editor  of  American  Standard  Edition  R.V.  1901.     d.  Oct. 

19,  1906.     D.D.  by  R.C,  i860.     LL.D.  by  Lafayette  Coll.,  1882.     Litt.D. 

by  C.C,  1888. 
Dr.   De  Witt  was  a  large  man,   full  of  vitality,  quick  in  movement  and 
speech,  optimistic,  given  to  abstraction.     He  was  a  profound  scholar  and  a 
unique  genius. 

He  was  very  active  in  securing  the  funds  for  the  fourth  professorship 
in  the  N.B.  Seminary.  He  also  increased  the  endowment  by  his  personal 
appeals  to  the  amount  of  $70,000.  His  name  deserves  to  stand  beside  that 
of  Livingston  in  the  annals  of  the  Seminary's  growth  in  equipment  and  effi- 
ciency. 

Dr.  De  Witt  was  invited  to  become  a  member  of  the  American  Old  Testa- 
ment Revision  Company,  at  its  formation  in  1872.  When  the  Anglo-Amer- 
ican edition  was  published,  in  1885,  he  was  requested  by  the  American 
committee  to  prepare  the  Old  Testament  for  a  future  American  edition,  by 
incorporating  the  Appendix  in  the  text.  His  report  concerning  the  incom- 
pleteness of  the  Appendix  led  to  the  enlargement  of  the  plan,  and  resulted 
in  the  pul)lication  of  "The  American  Standard  Edition":  Thos.  Nelson  & 
Sons,  August,  1901.  With  the  surviving  members  of  the  company,  Dr.  De 
Witt  labored  upon  this  edition  up  to  its  very  issue,  although  he  was  eighty 
years  of  age  at  its  date  of  issue. 

See  Manual,  1902.    Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1907,  1908. 

Publications:  "Our  Catechisms  and  Confessions":  A  scries  of  articles 
in  the  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  1872.  "The  Sure  Foundation  and  How  to 
Build  On  It,"  i860.  "Bible  Revised  and  the  Psalm,"  1880.  "The  Praise 
Songs  of  Israel,  a  New  Rendering  of  the  Psalms,"  1884;  2d  ed.,  1886;  3d 
ed.,  with  introductory  essay  and  notes,  1891.  "W'hat  Is  Inspiration?  A 
Fresh  Study  of  the  Question,  with  New  and  Discriminative  Replies,"  1893. 
"Progressive  Revelation." 
De  Witt,  lohn  Ten  Eyck,  s.  of  Richard  De  Witt,  1).  Guilford,  N.  Y.,  Sept. 

22,  1867;    R.C.  89.     N.B.S.  92,  1.  CI.  Ulster;    Oradell,  1892-1903.    w.  c. 
De  Witt,  Peter,  b.  at  Flatbush,  Feb.  17,  ,1739;    C.N.J.   1769,  studied  theoL 

under  Livingston,  lie.  by  General  Meeting  of  Alinistcrs  and  Elders,  1778; 


308  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Rhinebeck,    Rhinebeck    Flats,    87-98,    and    Upper    Red    Hook,    1788-91, 
Ponds  and  Wyckoff,  1798-1809,  d.  Oct.  7. 
De  Witt,  Richard,  b.  at  Hurley,  N.  Y.,  July  21,  1839;    R.C.  60,  N.B.S.  63,  1. 
CI.   Kingston;    Guilford,  64-71,  Spring  Valley,  71-76,  Wallkill  Valley, 
77-89,  Flatbush  (Ulster  Co.),  N.  Y.,  89-1901,  d.  Feb.  20. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
De  Witt,  Thomas,  b.  at  Kingston,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  13,  1791 ;    U.C.  1808;   studied 
theology   under   Brodhead  and   Froeligh,   and   at   N.B.S.    1812,   lie.    CI. 
N.B. ;     Hopewell   and   New   Hackensack,    Nov.   24,    1812-25,    Hopewell, 
1825-7,  New  York,  1827-74,  d.  May  18.    Elected  a  trustee  of  R.C.  1840; 
of  C.C.  1858.     Ed.  of  "Ch.  Int.,"  1831-43.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1828. 
Dr.  De  Witt  was  a  great  man,  great  in  body,  in  mind  and  soul.    For  more 
than  a  generation  he  ranked  as  one  of  the  leading  pastors  and  preachers  in 
New  York  City.     He  was  peculiarly  honored  by  all  classes  of  men  and  all 
denominations   of    Christians.      He   was   identified   with   very   many  of    the 
benevolent  organizations  of   the  city  and  was  one  of   the   principal   factors 
in  the  Bible  and  Tract  Society.    For  30  years  he  was  one  of  the  Vice-Presi- 
dents of  the  Historical  Society  and  its  president  in  1871-2.    In  1846  he  visited 
Europe  and  secured   from  the   Classis  of   Amsterdam  the   gift   to  the   Re- 
formed  Church   in   America   of   much  of   the   Amsterdam   Correspondence, 
1638-1776. 

See  Manual  of   1902  for  fuller  sketch  and  references  and  also  for  a  list 
of  his  numerous  publications. 
De  Witz,  C.  F.,  Yankton,  Scotland   (Ebenezer),  S.  D.,   1896-9,  Baileyville, 

111.,  1890-1902.     Joined  Ref.  Ch.  in  U.S. 
Dey,  Richard  Varick  (grandson  of  Archibald  Laidlie),  b.  N.  Y.  C,  Jan.  11, 
1801,  C.C.  1818,  N.B.S.  1822,  lie.  by  Congregationalists,  Greenfield  Hill, 
Ct.,  22-9,  Vandewater  St.  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C,  29-31,  Huguenot  Ch.,  Charles- 
ton, S.  C,  Aug.  31-Aug.  32,  supplying  Bleecker  St.  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C,  and 
preaching  in  the  Apollo  rooms,  Broadway   (near  Canal  st.),  32-5;    S.S. 
at  Upper  Black  Eddy  and  Milford,  1835.     Died  Sept.  20,  1837.     A.M. 
by  Y.C.  1823. 
Publications:   Fun.  Disc,  of  Mrs.  Mary  Laidlie,  1825.    There  is  a  sketch 
of  Mrs.  Dey,  who  died  Mar.  3,  1886,  in  "N.  Y.  Gen.  and  Biog.  Record,"  vol. 
xvii,  242.     She  was  Lavinia  Agnes  Scott,  of  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  and  mar- 
ried Mr.  Dey  Sept.  11,  1822.     See  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year-Book,"  1886,  p.  83. 
Deyo,  Paul  T.     Samsonville,  1868-70,  Dashville  Falls,  70-3,  Kiskatom,  73-5, 

Krumville,  76-93,  and  Lyonsville,  76-81,  w.  c.     Died  Aug.   16,  1901. 
De  Young,  Abraham,  (De  Jong),  b.  Chicago,  111.,  1878.    H.C.  1900.    W.T.S. 
1903.     1.  by  CI.  Wis.  1903.     Waupun,  Wis.,  1903-10,  Cooperville,  Mich., 

1910-18;    Grand  Rapids,  5th,  1918 .  Pres.  Bd.  Supt.  W.T.S.  1920. 

De  Young,  Benjamin,  b.  Chicago,  111.,  March  10,  1886.     H.C.  1907.     N.B.S. 
1907-09.     W.T.S.  1910.     1.  by  CI.  Wis.     Missionary,  Gray  Hawk,  Ken., 

1910-14.     Clymer  Hill,  N.  Y.,  1915-18,  Arcadia,  N.  Y.,  1918 

De  Young,  Cornelius.     H.C.     N.B.S.  1916.     1.  by  CI.  N.B.  1916.     Schenec- 
tady, Bellevue,  1916-1921  ;    Orange  City,  la.   (American),  1921 

De  Young  (De  Jong),  John  Lucas  (neph.  of  J.  P.  De  Jong),  b.  Roseland, 

111.,  Dec.  12,  1872;   H.C.  93,  P.S.  96,  1.  CI ;  Orange  City,  la.  (Am. 

Ch.),  96-7,  d.  at  St.  Diego,  Feb.  6,  1898.    A  young  man  of  great  promise, 
but  cut  off  by  consumption  soon  after  entering  the  ministry.    See  "Mints. 
Gen.  Syn.,"  1898,  238. 
Dickens,  Wm.  H.     Rec'd  from  Baptists  1913.     Maurice,  la.,  1913-17;    High- 
wood,  N.  Y.  and  Plattskill,  N.  Y.,  1917-21 ;    Ephratah  and  Stone  Arabia, 

1921 

Dickhaut,    Benj.    Edward,    b.    Brooklvn,    N.    Y.,    Ap.    29.    1863;     R.C.    84, 

■      N.B.S.  87,  1.  S.  CI.  L.  I.;   ord.  by  CI.  N.  Y.,  87;   Missionary  in  N.  Y.  C, 

87-9,   Fishkill,  89-96,   South   Brooklyn,    1896-1903;     First   Harlem   Col., 

N.  Y.   C,   1903-09;    Hamilton  Grange,   N.  Y.  C.    (S.S.)    1909;     (First 

Presbyterian,  Jamaica,  N.  Y.,  1909-11.     d.  Dec.  z'j,  1911). 


THE    MINISTRY  309 

Dickhaut,  John  Conrad,  b.  Cur  Hesse,  Ostheim,  Ger.,  Feb.  17,  1815;    studied 
under  Dr.  Guldin,  of  N.  Y.  C. ;    lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.  N.  Y.  about  1845; 
N.  Y.  C.  3d  Ger.  Refd.,  1845;    New  Brooklyn  (Ger.),  54-66,  also  New- 
town (Ger.),  56-61,  East  Williamsburgh  (Ger.),  66-71,  Canarsie,  76-86, 
emeritus.    Died  Dec.  30,  1887. 
He  was  highly  esteemed,  being  an  earnest,  godly  and  zealous  man.     He 
accomplished  great  good  in  the   German  churches  to  which  he  ministered. 
He   was   careful,    prudent,    God-serving,    and    an    excellent   counselor.      He 
was  also  an  excellent  preacher,  and  his   fellow  countrymen   loved  to   hear 
him.     His  strength  lay  in  his  earnest,  consistent,  godly  life,  and  his  general 
enthusiasm  in  the  Lord's  work.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1888,  679. 
Dickhoff,  Wm.     Ebenezer  (Oregon),  111.,  1898. 

Dickson,  Alexander,  b.   Rathfriland,   Ireland,   Dec.  25,   1827,   U.C.  46,   P.S. 
46-8,  ord.   CI.  Watervliet,   May  16,  49;    Waterford,  49-52,  Albany,  3d, 
53-60,  S.S.,  Dudley  Ch.,  Albany,  60-2,  w.  c.     d.  Jan.   i,  1904.     D.D.  by 
U.S.  1877. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1904,  837. 

Publications  :    "All  About  Jesus,"  1875.  "Beauty  for  Ashes,"  etc.    Many 
articles  in  the  press. 
Dickson,   Henry    R.,   b.   in   Charleston,    S.    C,    1838;     Charleston    Coll.    58, 

Columbia    Sem.,    61;     lie.    Presb ,    61     (Colleton    district,    S.    C, 

18.  .-. .,  in  hospitals  at  Richmond,  during  the  Civil  War;    Ebenezer  and 
Rockhill,  S.  C,  186s — ,  York,  S.  C,  18..-..)  ;    Brooklyn,  ist,  75-7,  d. 
Mar.  8.     See  "Manual"  of  1879. 
Dickson,  James  E.    Rec'd  from  Pres.  1914.    Classis  of  N.  Y.     Dis.  to  Pres. 

1916. 
Dickson,  James  Milliken,  b.  Ryegate,  Vt.,  Feb.  6,  1831  ;  Dart.  Coll.  53. 
U.S.  57,  lie.  N.  Y.  Presbyt.  of  Ref.  Presbyt.  Ch.,  May  20,  and  ord.  by 
same  Nov.  18,  1857  (ist  Ref.  Presb.,  Brooklyn,  57-63;  6th  Presbyt.  Ch., 
Newark,  N.  J.,  63-70;  Goodwill  Presbyt.  Ch.,  Montgomery,  N.  Y.,  70- 
83)  ;  N.  Y.  C.  34th  St.,  83-89  (Pilgrim  Cong.,  Providence,  R.  I.,  89-94)  ; 
East    New    York,    1894-1903.       (North    Yakima,    Wash.,    Cong.    S.S. 

— ).    d.  Jan.  29,  1913.     D.D.  by  Drury  College,  1884. 

See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,   1913,  897. 

Publications:  "The  Goodwill  Memorial":  A  Hist,  of  Presbyt.  Ch., 
Montgomery,  N.  Y.,  including  the  general  local  history,  1880.  Contribu- 
tions to  the  press. 

Diekhoff,  Wm.,  b.  Oct.  24,  1855,  Ostfriesland,  Germany.  Educated  in  Ger- 
many. Dubuque  Sem.  1888.  1.  by  Presbytery  of  Dubuque  1887.  (Pres. 
Freeport,  111.,  3d,  1888-95;   German  Pres.,  Peoria,  111.,  1896-7)  ;   Oregon, 

111.,  Ebenezer,  1898 

Diephuis,  Jacobus,  b.  in  Neths.,  1832;    Kampen  Sem.,  Ncths.,  65;    pastor  of 
Ch.  Refd.  chs.  in  Neths.,  65-87,  Huizen  being  his  last  charge;    Worten- 
dyke,  N.  J.,  87-9,  d.  Dec.  31.    See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1890,  193. 
Ditmars,    Cornelius    Peterson,    b.    Ap.    23,    1853,    Roycefield,    N.    J. ;     R.C. 

76,  N.B.S.  79.     1.  CI.  N.  B.;    Leeds,  79-83,  Niskayuna.   1883 .     S.C. 

and  Treas.   CI.   Schenectady    1885 .     S.C.    P.S.   Albany    1889.     Bd. 

Supt.  N.B.S.  1893 .     Pres.  Bd.  Supt.  N.B.S.  1906. 

Publications:    Many  articles  for  "Ch.  Int."    Poems.    "A  Chapter  in  Ch. 
History";    Address  at  150th  Anniversary  of  Ch.  of  Niskayuna,  1900.     Ser- 
mon at  35th  anniversary  of  pastorate  at  Niskayuna,  1918. 
Dixon,   Charles   Morison,   b.   at    Newark,   N.   J.,    Alay   24,    1871  ;     R.C.   94, 
N.B.S.  97,  lie.   CI.   N.   B.;    Prattsville  and  Grand  Gorge,  N.   Y.,   1897- 
1903.    Pompton,  1903 .    S.C.  and  Treasurer  CI.  of  Schoharie.    Mem- 
ber Bd.- of  Superintendents  N.B.T.S.  ■ 

Dixon,  Joseph,  Shawangunk,  1892-9  (Beemerville,  N.  J.,  1899 ) 

Dobbs,  John  Francis,  b.  Liberty  Corner,  N.  J.,  July  2,  1870;-  Lafayette 
Coll.  97,  U.S.  1900,  1.  by  Presby.  of  Elizabeth;  Mott  Haven,  N.  Y.-  €. 
(S.S.),  98-1900,  pastor  1900-08;  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  ist,  1908-15;  Congre- 
gational, 1 91 5 


3IO  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Doe,  Walter  P.,  b.  1813,  U.C.  44,  U.S.  46,  S.S.  at  Gansevoort,  51-3.     Died 

1887.     See  "U.  S.  Gen.  Cat." 
Doeppenschmidt,    Chs.,   b.   at   Frankfort   on   the    Main,    from   Ger.    Evang. 

Assoc,  Ohio,  1856;    Jersey  City,  4th   (Ger),  1856-64,  Hudson  City,  2d 

(Ger),  1864-85,  died  May  13. 
He   was   educated   in   Germany  as   a   Roman   Catholic   priest ;     became   a 
Protestant,  came  to  America,  and  did  good  work  among  the   Germans  of 
Jersey  City  for  nearly  30  years. 
Doig,  Robert,  b.  in  N.  Y.  City,  July  11,   1842;    R.C.  69,  N.B.S.  72,  1.  CI. 

Bergen;  Berne  and  Beaverdam,  72-85,  Glenville,  2d,  85-92,  d.  June  16. 
Repeated  revivals  blessed  his  ministry  at  Berne  and  Beaverdam.  Failing 
health  compelled  him  to  seek  a  less  laborious  field.  Although  quiet  and 
unassuming,  he  filled  a  large  place  in  the  Classis.  He  was  ever  ready  to 
take  up  any  work  which  might  be  assigned  him.  He  was  largely  instru- 
mental in  founding  the  churches  of  Altamont  and  Mt.  Pleasant  in  the  Classis 
of  Schenectady.  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1893,  888.  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads. 
R.C.,"  1893,  25. 

Publications:    "Hist.  Disc,  at  58th  Anniversary  of   S.S.   Berne,"   1880. 
Fun.  Ser.  of  G.  G.  Merselis.   1882.     Fun.  Add.  D.   S.  Dyer,   1884.     "Hist. 
:of  Berne,"  in  "Albany  and  Schenectady  Co.  Hist.,"  1885. 
IDolfin,  Cornelius,  b.  Dec.  23,   1891,  Rotterdam,  Kan.     Calvin  Col.     W.T.S. 

1919.     1.  by  CI.  Michigan.     Hudsonville,  Mich,  1919 

Doll,  George  J.  L.,  b.  at  Frankfort,  Germany,   1739;    c.  to  America  in  or 

before  1770;    Albapy  (Ger.),  1772-5,  Kingston,  1775-1808;    died  March 

28,  1811. 
He  preached  in  German  and  French,  when  at  Albany,  and  in  Dutch  at 
Kingston,  being  the  last  preacher  in  that  language  at  that  place.  During  the 
.first  summer  of  Dr.  Gosman's  preaching  in  English,  Mr.  Doll  occasionally 
preached  in  Dutch  in  the  afternoon  to  please  the  older  people.  The  pastor- 
.ate  of  Domine  Doll  covered  the  trying  period  of  the  Revolution,  during 
which  he  was  as  patriotic  as  he  was  devout.  This  is  evident  from  his 
ihrilling  letter  addressed  to  Gov.  George  Clinton  on  the  occasion  of  his 
inauguration  at  Kingston  as  the  first  Governor  of  the  State  of  New  York, 
•on  the  30th  of  July,  1777 ;  and  also  from  his  letter  addressed  to  General 
Washington,  when  on  a  visit  to  Kingston  in  1782.  Kingston  was  taken  by 
-the  British  under  General  Vaughan  and  burned,  Oct.  16,  1777.  There  are 
ireasons  to  believe  that  they  were  at  first  reluctant  to  burn  the  church.  But 
iupon  learning  of  the  active  patriotism  of  Domine  Doll  and  his  Consistory 
ithey  no  longer  hesitated,  but  sacrilegiously  applied  the  torch  to  the  house  of 
God,  and  also  to  the  parsonage.  He  served  the  Church  of  Kingston  faith- 
fully and  acceptably  for  S3  years,  when,  in  consequence  of  the  infirmities  of 
age  and  a  growing  desire  to  have  preaching  in  English,  a  colleague  was 
called — John  Gosman.  In  May,  1809,  he  removed  to  Kinderhook,  to  reside 
with  his  youngest  daughter,  Mrs.  Jas.  Vanderpoel.  An  obituary  of  the  day 
says :  "His  unblemished  life,  his  ardent  zeal  in  the  cause  of  religion,  the 
purity  of  his  morals  and  the  Christian  meekness  which  adorned  his  char- 
acter proclaimed  him  'the  messenger  of  truth,  the  legate  of  the  skies.'  Al- 
though he  had  no  relatives  in  this  country,  the  unspotted  excellence  of  his 
life  had  attached  to  him  numerous  and  distinguished  friends.  He  had  no 
-enemies.  His  unwearied  pains  to  spread  the  Gospel  blessings,  and  to  preach 
Christ  and  Him  crucified,  had  endeared  him  to  every  member  of  his  flock. 
By  him  the  violated  law  spoke  out  its  thunders,  and  by  him  in  strains  as 
sweet  as  angels  use,  the  Gospel  whispered  peace." 
Donald,  James.  Mariaville,  1844-50,  w.  c.  1853. 
iDonehue,  Hugh.     Krumville,  N.  Y.   1914.     Probably  a  mistake.     No  such 

man  in  the  ministry. 
Donma,  John  W.     1911.     See  Douma,  John  W. 
Donovan,  George  H.,  b.  Philadelphia,  Feb.  28,  1881.     N.B.S.  1910;    Rockv 

Hill,  1910-18;    Newark,  N.  J.,  N.  Y.  Ave.,  1918 


THE   MINISTRY  3II 

Doolittle,  Horace,  b.  at  Milton,  Saratoga  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  i,  1803;    U.C.  26, 
P.  S.  29,  lie.  Presb.  N.  B.,  Oct.  8,  1828,  ord.  by  Presby.  Elizabeth,  Apr. 
30,  1830   (Springfield,  N.  J.,  30-2,  South  Orange,  32-40,  both  Presb.)  ; 
Pompton,  40-52,  Stanton,  52-72,  S.S.  Three  Bridges,  Aug.,  76-7,  d.  Feb. 
18,  1877. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Doolittle,    Philip    Melanchthon,    b.    Jan.    20,    1831     (son    of    Horace    Doo- 
little) ;    U.C.   1852,   N.B.S.   1856,  1.   CI.  of    Philadelphia,   1856;    North 
Branch,    1856-1906.   d.   Oct.   25.   Member   Bd.   of   Education    1884-1906. 
D.D.  by  R.C.  1901. 
He  was  preeminently  a  faithful  preacher  and  pastor  in  one  charge   for 
half  a  century. 

See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1907,  911. 
Doolittle.  Theodore  Sandford,  b.  at  Ovid,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  30,  1836;    R.C.  59, 
N.B.S.  62,  lie.  by  CI.  of  N.  Y. ;    Flatlands,  L.  I.,  62-64,  Prof.  Rhetoric, 
Logic  and  Metaphysics  in  Rutgers  College,  64-93;    d.  Ap.  19. 
Elected   Vice-President,    R.C.    1889;     acting    President,    89-91.     D.D.   by 
Wesleyan  Univer.  1872;    LL.D.  by  U.C.  1891. 

Dr.  Doolittle  was  a  man  of  marked  literary  ability,  and  of  a  very  graceful 
style  both  with  tongue  and  pen.  He  studied  and  read  broadly,  travelled 
much  and  was  widely  acquainted  with  men  and  affairs.  His  memory  was 
wonderful.  Hence  in  pulpit,  class  room  and  social  gathering  he  was  always 
interesting  and  attractive.  He  was  a  man  to  admire,  love  and  from  whom 
one  must  learn  much. 

For  a  fuller  account  of  his  active  life  and  a  list  of  his  numerous  publica- 
tions in  Manual  of  1902. 

Doremus,  Andrew,  b.  Jan.  26,  1837.     R.C.  64.    N.B.S.  64-5,  Congregational. 
Dorcmus,  George  S.    (son  Rev.  Joseph  Doremus),  b.   Stephensburg,  N.  J., 

June  13,  1871.     N.B.S.  1897.     Presbyterian. 
Doremus,  Joseph,  b.  Parsippany,  N.  J.,  Ap.  19,  1835.     R.C.  '62.    N.B.S.  '65. 

1.  by  CI.  Passaic.    Presbyterian,    d.  Sept.  10,  1904. 
Dorsius,  Peter  Henry,  b.'at  Meurs,  Ger.,  171 1;    matriculated  at  C^roningen 
University,  Ap.  5,  1734,  as  a  student  of  theology;    at  Leyden  University 
Sept.   17,   1736;    ditto;    lie.  CI.   Schieland,  at  Rotterdam,  Ap.  30,   1737; 
ordained  by  the  Theolog.  Faculty  at  Groningen,  May  29,   1737;    sailed 
for  America,  July  11,  1737;   arrived  at  Philadelphia,  Oct.  5;    Bucks  Co., 
Pa.,  1737-48;    visited  Holland,  sailing  May  26,   1743,  arriving  July  14; 
sailed  for  America  Oct.  19,  1743;   arrived  in  Philadelphia  Jan.  14,  I744; 
O.S.;    returned  to  Holland,  1748. 
The  Consistory  in  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  wrote  to  Holland,  asking  for  a  min- 
ister.   They  sent  funds  for  his  voyage  and  promised  him  $144  per  year.     An 
answer  was  sent  back  that  such  a  young  man  had  been  found,  but  was  not 
yet  through  his  studies  and  asked  whether  a  part  of  the  money  sent  might 
not  be  devoted  to  his  tuition.     This  was  granted.     When  about  to  start  he 
offered  to  serve  the  Deputies  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  in  any  way.    They 
gladly  accepted  his  offer  and  asked  him  to  give  them  all  the  information 
possible  about  the  German  Reformed  in   Pennsylvania.     He  wrote  to  them 
March    i,    1738,    describing    Pennsylvania   and    its    churches,    but    made    no 
reference  to  Rev.  J.  P.  Boehm  and  his  work.     On  June  9,  1738,  at  the  joint 
desire  of  the  Deputies  of  the  Synods  of  North  and  South  Holland,  thir- 
teen questions  were  submitted  to   Dorsius,  asking   for   specific   information 
about  Pennsylvania.     Upon  receiving  them  Dorsius  invited  Boehm  to  visit 
him,  which  he  did,   Nov.  28,   1738.     Together  they   forrnulated  a  report  as 
to  the  number  of  Reformed  congregations  in  Pennsylvania ;    as  to  the  num- 
ber  of   these   which   each   minister   served;     as   to   the   number   of    Elders, 
Deacons  and  communicants,  as  well  as  schoolmasters  and  precentors.     This 
report  was  sent  to  Holland  in  the  spring  of  I739-     On  July  26,  1743,  he  was 
present  at  the  meeting  of  the  Synod  of  North  Holland,  meeting  at  Hoorn. 
where  he  made  a  further  report  about  Pennsylvania.     For  his  trouble  the 


312  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Synod  recompensed  him.  On  Sept.  i6,  1743,  he  appeared  before  the  Depu- 
ties at  the  Hague  and  made  a  report  to  them,  concerning  Pennsylvania. 
They  also  recompensed  him  by  a  present  in  money,  $12,  and  asked  him 
why  he  returned  to  Holland.  He  answered  that  he  wished  to  consult  them 
about  his  future ;  whether  he  could  go  to  another  field,  or  organize  a  con- 
gregation in  Philadelphia  in  union  with  his  congregations  in  Bucks  Co., 
in  order  that  he  might  receive  some  better  compensation,  for  his  salary 
had  been  reduced  from  $144  to  $96;  his  young  people  were  becoming  Eng- 
lish ;  and  the  Moravians  and  Romanists  were  active  in  his  vicinity.  He 
said  that  the  only  remedy  was  to  send  more  ministers  and  have  the  Depu- 
ties guarantee  their  salaries.  The  Deputies  gave  him  permission  to  change 
his  field  or  to  organize  a  new  church  in  Philadelphia. 

The  Deputies  also  urged  his  speedy  return  and  instructed  him  to  make  out 
a  fuller  report  and  send  it,  so  that  the  Synods  of  July,  1744,  might  have  it 
for  action.  He  sailed  from  Rotterdam  Oct.  19,  1743,  and  landed  in  Phila- 
delphia, Jan.  16,  1744,  O.  S. 

He  now,  with  the  assistance  of  Boehm,  prepared  a  more  elaborate  report 
of  the  conditions  and  necessities  of  Pennsylvania.  He  also  suggested  a  plan 
in  a  letter  of  Feb.  16,  1744,  by  which  the  Pennsylvania  churches  might  be- 
come self-supporting  with  the  formation  of  a  Coetus.  He  also  prepared 
Goetschius  one  of  the  Frelinghuysens,  Fryenmoet,  Jonathan  Du  Bois  and 
Marinus,  more  or  less  fully,  for  the  ministry. 

When  Rev.  Michael  Schlatter  arrived  on  his  mission  in  1746  he  received 
him  kindly,  but  he  was  not  present  at  the  preliminary  meetings  in  1746  or 
1747.  He  did  not  think  t+iat  Schlatter  had  anything  to  do  with  the  Dutch 
churches,  but  only  with  the  Germans.  He  also  claimed  that  his  Dutch 
churches  in  Bucks  Co.  were  independent ;  yet  the  Consistory  of  Dorsius 
went  to  Philadelphia  in  May,  1748,  to  confer  with  Schlatter  about  their 
church.  The  fact  was  that  Dorsius  was  breaking  down  from  drink  and 
his  Consistory  wished  to  be  relieved  of  him.  His  wife  left  him  on  account 
of  his  drunkenness  and  on  Sept.  i,  1749,  his  Consistory  suspended  him  from 
service. 

Meantime  he  had  sailed  from  Philadelphia,  Aug.  4,  1748,  for  Ireland.  He 
reached  Rotterdam  finally  on  Oct.  i,  1748,  and  supplied  churches  at  Rot- 
terdam and  Maaslings.  On  July  13,  1740,  he  appeared  before  the  Deputies 
and  suggested  plans  for  the  benefit  of  the  congregations  in  Pennsylvania. 
On  Jan.  13,  1750,  he  asked  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  to  send  him  to 
d'Elmina  under  the  care  of  the  West  India  Co.,  but  the  Classis  could  not 
do  this  without  the  proper  papers  of  dismissal  from  his  congregation  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  again  met  the  Deputies  of  the  Synods,  Jan.  20,  1750,  and 
asked  for  a  dismission  from  his  church  in  America  in  order  to  go  to  d'El- 
mina in  Guinea ;  but  as  the  Deputies  had  not  appointed  him  to  Pennsylvania, 
they  said  they  could  not  dismiss  him.  By  a  letter  from  his  wife  they  also 
learned  about  his  conduct  in  Pennsylvania  and  refused  to  have  anything 
more  to  do  with  him,  referring  him  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  The 
Classis  repeatedly  asked  him  to  appear  before  them,  but  he  did  not.  On 
Oct.  5,  1750,  the  Classis  learned  all  the  facts  from  the  Deputies.  Mrs. 
Dorsius  continued  to  receive  aid  from  Holland  or  the  Pennsylvania  Coetus 
imtil  1776. 

See  "Dr.  Jas.  I.  Good's  Reformed  (Ger.)  Church  in  America."  "Ecc. 
Rec.  N.Y."  "Manual  of  1879."  Minutes  of  North  Holland,  1736-8. 
Dosker,  Henry  E.  (son  of  Rev.  Nich.  Dosker),  b.  Bunschoten,  Neths., 
Feb.  5,  1855;  Gymnasium  of  Zwolle,  Neths.,  June  24,  73;  H.C.  76;  Mc- 
Cormick  Sem.,  Chicago,  79,  1.  CI.  Grand  River ;  Ebenezer,  79-82,  Grand 
Haven,  82-6,  Lector  of  Theology,  Holland,  Mich.,  84-8,  Holland,  3d, 
Mar..  89-94,  Prof.  Hist.  Theology,  Western  Theolog.  Sem.,  Holland, 
Mich.,   1894-1903.      (Prof.   Ch.   Hist.  Kentucky  Theo.   Sem.,   Lewisville, 

Kent,  1903 .     Pres.).     D.D.  R.C.  1894.     LL.D.  Cent.  Univ.  1905. 

Publications  :    "De  Zondagschool,"   1882.     "Levensschets  van  Dr.  A.  C. 


THE    MINISTRY  313 

Van  Raalte."  1893.  "John  of  Barneveldt,  Martyr  or  Traitor,"  1898.  "John 
Calvin,"  in  "Presbyt.  Quarterly,"  1900.  Dr.  Bavinck  on  "The  Principium 
Externum,"  in  "Presbyt.  Quarterly."  "Topical  Outline  Studies  in  Ecc. 
Hist.,"  1901.  Numerous  Magazine  Articles.  Sermon  on  Patriotism  before 
Van  Raalte  Post,  G.  A.  R.,  1901. 

Dosker,  Nicholas  H.,  b.  at  Amsterdam,  Neth.,  June  18,  1820;    Univ.  Gron- 
ingen,  Nov.  20,  1849;    lie.  by  CI.  Groningen,  Ap.  10,  1850;    ord.  by  same 
May    19,    1850    (Groningen,    50-2,    Bunschoten,    52-6,    Almkerk,    56-62, 
Harlingen,  62-9,  Zwolle,  69-73,  all  in  Holland)  ;    c.  to  America,   1873; 
Grand  Rapids,  2d,  73-83,  Kalamazoo,  83-87.    Died  Ap.  18. 
Member  of  Council  H.C.  1883-7.     Bd.  of  Supt.  W.T.S.  1885-7. 
He  was  eminent  as  a  scholar,  a  preacher  and  a  pastor  before  coming  to 
America.    In  the  New  World  he  was  readily  adapted  to  the  genius  of  the  Re- 
formed Church.     He  became  a  tower  of  strength  to  his  church  and  Classis, 
especially  during  the   period  of   agitation   and  defection    1880-82.     His   life 
and  ministry  were  crowned  with  large  results. 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Doty,  Elihu,  b.  in  1809.  R.C.  1835;  N.B.S.  36,  1.  CI.  Schoharie ;  Missionar.v, 
Batavia,  36-9,  Sambas,  Borneo,  June,  39-40,  in  Borneo,  40-April,  44, 
Amoy,  June,  44-5.  in  America,  46-7,  Amoy,  47-59,  in  America,  60-1, 
Amoy,  61-4.  sailed  for  America,  Nov.  30,  1864;  d.  on  passage. 
His  first  aspirations  after  missionary  life  were  formed  in  the  Sabbath- 
school.  In  his  studies  he  was  known  for  his  faithful  application  and  excel- 
lent scholarship — not  showy,  but  solid,  developing  excellent  judgment  and 
great  balance  of  mind,  and  winning  respect  and  confidence  by  his  earnest 
and  decided  piety.  He  was  somewhat  advanced  in  age  when  he  began  his 
preparation  for  the  ministry,  and,  by  the  advice  of  others,  overleaped  two 
3'ears  of  the  collegiate  course.  He  was  a  man  of  massive  solidity  of  char- 
acter, and  his  religious  convictions  of  great  strength.  He  was  not  brilliant 
or  profound,  his  reading  was  not  extensive,  nor  did  he  sacrifice  much  to  the 
graces.  Yet  what  he  undertook  he  performed.  His  integrity,  intellectual 
and  moral,  was  complete,  and  no  one  ever  dreamed  of  questioning  his  con- 
scientiousness. His  missionary  ardor  was  increased  by  the  magnetic  pres- 
ence and  contagious  enthusiasm  of  the  genial  and  winning  David  Abeel. 
In  Borneo  his  labor  appeared  fruitless,  but  in  Amoy  he  was  abundantly  re- 
warded. In  his  later  years  in  China,  he  gave  himself  more  especially  to  the 
literary  work  of  the  mission,  preparing  for  the  press  such  works  as  were 
deemed  suitable.  He  was  admirably  fitted  for  this  department  by  his  habits 
of  accuracy,  his  candor,  judgment  and  freedom  from  caprice  and  prejudice. 
He  was  a  laborious  man.  There  was  no  romance  in  his  character.  A  stern, 
determined  worker,  he  sturdily  pressed  on.  He  met  difificulties  with  a  quiet 
heroism,  but  turned  not  aside.  He  never  spared  himself  till  friends  com- 
pelled him.  He  met  with  many  discouragements  in  the  deaths  of  his  fellow- 
missionaries.  Abeel,  Pohlman,  Thompson,  in  the  loss  of  two  wives  succes- 
sively, and  in  asthmatic  difticulties.  At  last  he  felt  compelled  to  leave  China 
finally  to  die  among  his  I)rethren,  but  four  days  before  reaching  his  native 
land  he  expired.  His  disability  and  subsequent  decease  were  due  to  over- 
work. For  fourteen  years  his  salary  was  re.gularlv  contributed  by  the  Mar- 
ket St.  Church,  N.  Y.  C.     See  fuller  sketch  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  April  6,  1865. 

PuBLiCATioxs  :    "Narrative  of  a  Tour  in  Borneo."     "Some  Thoughts  on 
the  Proper  Term  for  God  in  the  Chinese."     8vo,  pp.  28.     "Shanghai,"  1850. 
"Translation  of  Sacramental  and  Marriage  Forms  of  R.P.D.C.  into  Amoy 
Colloquial,"    1853.      "Anglo-Chinese    Manual   of    the   Amoy    Dialect."     8vo, 
pp.   212,    1853.      (This   is   in   the   Romanized   character.)      "Translation   and 
Revision  into  the  Amoy  Dialect  of  Milner's  "Thirteen  Village  Sermons,  in- 
cluding Milner's  Tract  on  the  Strait  Gate."     "Amoy,"   1854. 
Dougall,  Arthur,  b.  Alpans,   Schenectady  Co.,   N.  Y.,   Nov.  20,   1868;    U.C. 
92;    P.S.  95;    lie.  Presbyt.  of  Albany,  95;    ord.  Presbyt.,  Newcastle,  95 
(Northwood,  N.  Y.    (Pres.  Miss.),  May-Sept.,  94,   Berlin,   Md.,   1895- 
190c)  ;    Fort  Plain,  N.  Y.,  1900-1902.     Presbyterian  1902 


314 


THE  REFORMED  CHURCH   IN  AMERICA 


Doughty,  James  Walter,  b.  Circleville,  O.     P.  Univ.   1887.     P.S.   1890.     I. 

by  Pres.  of  N.B.  1890.     (Pres.  Missionary,  Japan,  1890-1902.    Sc.  N.  Y. 

Bible  Society  1902-06.     Lecturing  1906-13.   Civic  Work,  Citizen's  Union, 

N.Y.,  1913-19.    West  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  Hope,  1919— — 

Douma,  John  W.     1.  by  CI.  Holland.     Hull,  la.,  American  Ref.,  1911-14. 

Douma,  Robert  W.,  Twin  Lakes,   Mich.,   1914-17;    Ada,   Mich.,   1917-1920; 

Presbytery  of   Northern  Arizona,   1920. 
Douwstra,  George  H.,  b.  Aug.  14,  1876,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.     Central  Col. 
1901.    W.T.S.  1904.     1.  by  CI.  Wis.  1904.     Lansing,  111.,  1904-08;    Hos- 

pers,  la.,  1908 .     Member  of  Bd.  Supt.  N.W.C.  Acd.     Member  Bd. 

Supt.  W.T.S. 
Douwstra,    Harm,    Pella,   3d,    1894-1902,   Kalamazoo,   3d,    1902-1903.     Free 

Grace,  Middleburg  (Orange  City),  1903 

Douwstra,   Richard  D.,  b.   Neth.,   Oct.   19,   1874  .  Central  C.  '01.     W.T.S. 
1904.     Chicago,   Gano,   1904-10;    Newkirk,   111.,    1910-17;    Boyden,   la., 

1919-21  ;    Westfield,  N.  D.,  1921 

Dowling,  George  Thos.,  b.  N.  Y.  C.  June  2,  1849;  Hamilton  Coll.;  Crozier 
Theolog.  Sem.  (Fellowship,  N.  J.,  Bapt.,  1870-1,  Providence,  R.  I., 
Bapt.  3d,  71-3,  Cleveland,  O.,  Baptist  Central,  7i-..);  Lecturing;  Al- 
bany, Madison  Ave.,  1889-92;  Lecturing;  (became  Episcopalian;  Brook- 
Lne,  Mass.;  Pasadena,  Cal.). 
Doyle,  Daniel  P.  From  Mt.  Hermon  School;  Long  Island  City  (Sunny- 
side),    1897-1903;     Linlithgow,    1903-06;     Schodack,    1906-14;     Grand 

Gorge,  1914-15;    Long  Island  City,  ist,  1915-19;    Colts  Neck,  1919 

Dragt,  John  J.,  b.  Wolvega,  Neth.,  July  2,   1839.     Traveling  Evangelist  in 
Netherlands,   Christian  Reformed  Churches,   Mich.,    1881-92,   Pella  and 
Firth,  Neb.,  1895-6,  Muscatine,  Iowa,  97;    Rotterdam,  Kan.,   1897-1905, 
Roseland,    Minn.,    1905-10,    Silver   Creek,    Maple   Lake,    Miss.,    1910-13, 
Clara   City  and  Twin  Brooks,   S.D.    (S.S.)    1917-20.     d.   Nov.  6,   1920. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1921,  633. 
Drake,   Edward   Alexander,   b.   Chicago,    111.,    May   11,    1871  ;     Lake   Forest 
Coll.,  94 ;    Aub.   Sem.,  97 ;    lie.   CI.   Montgomery ;    Manito  and   Spring 
Lake,  111.,  1897-1903;    Pennsylvania  Lane,  1903-07.     Became  Presbyter- 
ian. 
Drake,   Francis  Topping,  b.  at   Southold,   L.   I.,  June  20,   1805;    R,C.  38; 
N.B.S.  41;   lie.  CI.  Orange;   Wurtsboro',  42-4,  Canastota,  44-53  (Middle 
Is.,  L.  I.,  Presbvt.,  53-63,  supplied  Holly,  N.  J.,  Presbyt.  one  year;    d. 
1867,  Feb.  18).     See  "Manual  of  1879." 
Dreyer,  John  H.,  b.  1768,  New  York,  Ger.  1812-14,  went  to  Europe,  w.  c. 

1814-24,  name  stricken  from  roll ;    d.  1840. 
Drisius,   Samuel,  b.   1600,  residing  at   Middelburg  when  he  matriculated  in 
Leyden  University,  Sept.  23,  1620,  aged  20;    topic  of  study  not  specified. 
Pastor  of  an  English-speaking  church  in  England   (not  Dutch,  as  gen- 
erally said)   from  i630?-i649?;    matriculated  a  second  time,  at  Leyden, 
Jvme  14,  1649,  as  a  student  of  Medicine;    aged  46?;    residence,  Anglus, 
England;    sailed  for  America  April  4,  1652;    New  Amsterdam,  1652-73; 
d.  April  18. 
On  account  of  the  political  troubles  Drisius  had  left  England  about  1648-9 
and  begun  the  study  of  medicine  at  Leyden,  as  above  indicated.     He  now 
signs  his  name  as  Samuel  Dries,  instead  of  the  Latinized  form  of  Drisius. 
There  is  a  slight  discrepancy  as  to  his  age,  but  there  is  no  doubt  as  to  his 
identity  with  the   Drisius   of    1620.     There   is   also   some   confusion   in  the 
translation  of   "Duytsch."     This   has   been   translated  by   "German,"   but  it 
really   means    Dutch,   which   is,    however,   generally   expressed   by    "Neder- 
duytsch."     His  name  is  Dutch — Dries,  Driesch,  being  the  same  as  van  Dries- 
sen.     Hence  the  statements  that  he  was  a  German  and  brought  up  in  the 
German    tongue,    seem    incorrect.      The    latter   certainly,    for    he    was    edu- 
cated at  Leyden.     The  Minutes  also  speak  of  him  always  as  having  been  a 


THE    MINISTRY  315 

"pastor  in  England,"  not  a  "Dutch  pastor  in  England."  It  would  seem  then 
tliat  his  ministrations  for  a  score  of  years  had  been  in  English,  and  hence 
the  Classis  wanted  to  know  if  he  could  yet  speak  Dutch  well.  For  on  Feb. 
26  wo  read  that  he  was  educated  by  Duitsche  parents  and  in  the  Duitsche 
tongue;  the  Classis,  therefore,  determined  to  make  trial  how  they  liked 
his  Duitsche  pronunciation.  This  latter  certainly  means  the  Holland  tongue; 
and  his  trial  sermon  is  referred  to  in  the  next  session  (March  11)  as 
having  been  in  "Nederduytsch."  On  March  18  he  presented  commendatory 
testimonials  from  the  entire  Consistory  of  the  English-speaking  Presby- 
terian Church  of  Amsterdam.  This  implies  that  he  preached  in  Englisii 
while  in  England. 

On  April  4,  1652,  the  Directors  of  the  West  India  Company  wrote  to 
Stuyvesant :  "At  your  request  for  another  preacher  whom  you  desire,  if 
possible,  to  preach  in  the  English  language,  we  have  made  every  effort  and, 
at  last,  as  if  sent  by  the  Lord,  Domine  Samuel  Dries,  a  bachelor  of  about 
40  (?)  years,  has  made  his  appearance,  who,  on  account  of  the  perturbances 
in  England,  where  he  had  been  preaching,  being  born  of  Dutch  parents, 
retreated  from  there.  He  has  the  reputation  of  being  a  very  pious  man 
and  possessed  of  great  gifts,  is  able  to  preach  in  both  languages,  English 
and  Dutch,  and,  if  necessary,  even  in  French.  He  is  said  to  be  of  a  very 
peaceful  disposition  and  agreeable  conversation,  so  that  we  are  confident 
the  community  will  be  pleased  with  him  and  that  he  will  be  a  great  instru- 
ment for  the  propagating  of  God's  holy  Word  and  glory;  also  a  suitable 
assistant  to  the  old  gentleman,  Domine  Megapolensis.  We  have  allowed 
h  m  a  salary  of  100  florins  per  month  ($40,  or  $480  per  year)  and  250  florins 
per  year  for  subsistence."  .  .  .  "He  is  unmarried."  .  .  .  O'Callag- 
han  (ii,  191)  makes  the  same  mistake  about  his  age,  following  the  Directors. 
He  subsequently  married  Lysbeth  Juriaensen,  widow  of  Isaac  Greveraet. 
She  died  in  1688.  Munsell,  in  his  "Annals  of  Albany,"  gives  an  interest- 
ing account  of  Mrs.  Drisius  (vii,  93).  We  have  seen  not  a  single  docu- 
mentary reference  that  Drisius  could,  or  ever  did,  preach  in  German.  On 
account  of  his  knowledge  of  English,  he  was  employed  as  envoy  to  the  Gov- 
ernor of  Virginia,  to  negotiate  a  commercial  treaty.  He  united  with  Mega- 
polensis in  protesting  against  the  Lutherans.  They  even  induced  Governor 
Stuyvesant  to  issue  a  proclamation  breaking  up  their  so-called  conventicles. 
Fines  and  imprisonments  were  suffered  by  some  for  a  violation  of  the  order. 
Complaints  were  finally  made  to  the  W.  I.  Company,  who  administered  a 
just  rebuke.  It  was  Drisius  who  first  proposed  to  the  company  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  Latin  school  in  New  Amsterdam,  that  the  youth  might  not 
be  required  to  go  to  Boston  to  secure  a  classical  education.  For  a  while 
he  preached  to  the  Huguenot  and  Vaudois  settlers  on  Staten  Island  once  a 
month,  but  ill-health,  after  a  few  years,  compelled  him  to  relinquish  these 
services.     See  "Baird's  Daille." 

See  "Ecc.  Rec.  N.  Y.,"  many  letters.  "Doc.  Hist.,"  iii,  69.  "Col.  Hist.,"'  i, 
496,  iii,  75,  646.  "Gen.  and  Biog.  Rec,"  vii,  61.  It  would  be  interesting 
to  hunt  up  the  place  of  his  preaching  for  many  years  in  England.  Probablv 
a  reference  would  be  found  to  it  in  the  Mints,  of  the  Presbyterian  Church 
of  Amsterdam,  1649-52.  These  Minutes  are  intact  from  i6no. 
Droppers,    Oliver   G.,    b.    Sept.    7,    1888,    Cedar    Grove,    Wis.      H.C.    1912. 

W.T.S.  1915.     1.  by  CI.  Holland  1915.     Byron  Centre,  Mich.,  1915-19; 

Classical   Miss.   CI.   G.R.   1919-20;     Muskegon  Heights,   Mich.,   1920-22, 

Cleveland,  O.,  Calvary,  1922 

Drumm,   T.   Porter,  b.   Isle  of   Man.   1881.     McGill   Univ.    1906.     Montreal 

Pres.   College   1910.     Pastorates   in   New   Brunswick,   Canada,    1910-19; 

Newark,  N.  J.,  North,  1919 .     D.D.  R.C.  1920. 

Drury,    John    Benjamin,    b.    Rhinebeck,    N.    Y.,    Aug.    15.    1838;     R.C.    58; 

N.B.S.  61;    lie.  CI.  Poughkeepsie;    Miss,  to  Davenport,  la.,  61-2.  Ghent, 

1st,  64-87,  Editor  of  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  1887-1909.     d.  March  21. 

D.D.    by    R.C.    1880;     Vedder    Lectures,    1883;     Lecturer    in    Summer 


3i6 


THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 


School  of  Am.  Institute  of  Christian  Philosophy,   1885 ;    Pres.  of  Gen. 

Syn.,  1886. 
Dr.  Drury  was  a  faithful  pastor  and  a  truly  great  editor.     He  was  stud- 
ious, doing  his  work  slowly  and  well.     He  was  a  kindly  man  and,  as  he  said 
of  himself,  "Born  to  stand  in  the  breach."     He  had  the  gift  of  seeing  the 
breach  and  he  so  filled  it  that  it  generally  ceased  to  be.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn., 

1909,  515- 

Publications  :  Many  articles  in  magazines  and  papers  and  published  ad- 
dresses, for  which  see  Manual  of  1902. 

Dubbink,  Gerrit  Hendrik,  b.  Overisel,  Mich.,  Dec.  3,  1866;    H.C.  92;    W.S. 
95;     1.    CI.    Holland;     Holland,    3d,    Mich.,    1895-1904.      Professor    of 
Didactic  and  Polemic  Theology  W.T.S.  1904-10.    d.  July  10. 
He  was  a  student,  a  forceful  and  convincing  preacher,  and  a  tower  of 
strength  to  the  Seminary. 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  191 1,  258. 

Publications  :    Hist.  Sketch  of  3d  Ch.  Holland,  Mich.,  1899. 
Du  Bois,  A.  A.     Rec'd  from  Presbyterian   1912.     Bloomingburgh,   1912-14; 
North  Paterson,  1914-15;    Hull,  la.,  Am.  Ref.,  1916-17.     Presbyterian. 
Du  Bois,  Anson    (son-in-law  of   P.   S.  Wynkoop),  b.  at  Catskill,  Aug.  29, 
1821  ;    R.C.  47;    N.B.S.  50;    1.  and  ord.  CI.  Greene;    Miss,  to  Thousand 
Isles,   50-4;    Kingston,   2d,   54-9,   Cor.    Sec.   Bd.   Dom.   Missions,   59-62, 
Schenectady,   2d,   62-9,   teaching   classical   and   Eng.    school   at   Amelia 
C.H.,  Va.,  69-70,  and  preaching  to  Dutch  settlers  at  Amelia  CH.  and 
Mattoax,  Va.,  69-70;    Flatlands,  70-82,  St.  Thomas,  W.  I.,  82-6,  supply 
at  Owasco  Outlet,  86,*  Athenia,  N.  J.,  86-1901 ;    Emeritus,     d.  May  i, 
1905.     Pres.  Gen.  Syn.,  1865.     D.D.  by  U.C,  1865. 
He  was  an  unassuming  spirit  who  faithfully  performed  every  duty. — See 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1905,  277. 

Publications:  Documents  and  Family  Hist,  of  Benj.  Du  Bois,  who 
settled  at  Catskill,  1727.  4to,  1878.  "Hist,  of  Church  of  Flatlands";  in 
MSS.  in  Sage  Library;   printed  in  "Stile's  Hist.  Kings  Co.,  N.  Y.,"  1884. 

Pamphlets :  Memorial  Sermon  for  Rev.  Wm.  O.  Allen,  25  yrs.  pastor 
R.D.S.,  St.  Thomas,  W.  I.,  1885.  Sermon  against  Sunday  Opening  of  Co- 
lumbian Exposition,  1893.  "Our  Duty  to  the  Future;  an  Address  at  Com- 
mencement of  Western  Theolog.  Sem.,  Holland,  Mich.,"  1895. 

Many  articles  for  press.     See  Manual,  1902. 
Du  Bois,  Benj.,  b.  at  PittsGrove,  N.  J.,  Mar.  30,  1739;    studied  under  J.  H. 
Goetschius,   1.   by  the  American   CI.    1764;     Freehold   and   Middletown, 
1764-1827;    d.  18...     Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1783. 
He  was  a  man  of  prudence  who  maintained  himself  amid  many  difficulties. 
He  was  a  great  patriot  and  served  in   the  army  during  the  Revolutionary 
war. 

His  bodily  infirmities  toward  the  latter  part  of  his  ministry  greatly 
increased,  so  that  he  sometimes  fainted  in  the  pulpit,  and  in  1817  the  Con- 
sistory gave  him  a  colleague  in  Rev.  S.  A.  Van  Vranken. — "Hist.  Dis.  by 
Marcel-lus."  "Du  Bois  Reunion,"  107,  147.  Rev.  T.  W.  Wells'  "Hist.  Disc, 
at  Marlboro',"  1877.  "Proceedings  N.  J.  Hist.  Soc,"  iii,  133.  See  Manual, 
1902. 

(His  great-grandson,  Benj.  Du  Bois  Wyckofif,  a  Presbyt.  minister,  b. 
1834;  Hanover  Coll.  18..;  Allegheny  Sem.,  18..;  Miss,  to  Allahabad, 
India,  60-2,  Minpooric,  62-8,  in  America,  69-71,  Futteghur,  Ind.,  71-5,  re- 
turned to  America,  75,  Archibald  and  Oliphant,  Pa.,  76-9,  Miss,  in  Greene 
Co.,  N.  Y.,  79-83,  Jullinder,  Gabatha,  Ind.,  83-8,  Umballah,  Ind.,  88-95,  hav- 
ing charge  in  this  latter  place  of  a  leper  asylum.  Twenty-nine  years  were 
spent  in  India.) 

Du  Bois,  Geo.,  b.   1800.  at  New  Paltz ;   studied  under  Froeligh,   1819,  1.  CI. 
Paramus,  1819 ;    Bloomingburgh  and  Mamakating,  1820-4,  Franklin  St., 
New  York,  1824-37,  Tarrytown,  1838-44;    d. 
See  Manual  of  1902. 


THE    MINISTRY  31/ 

He  published  "A  Caution  to  the  Temperate,"   1829.     See  "Bi-Centennial 
of  Ch.  Tarrytown,"  147. 
Du  Bois,  Gideon,  Aquackanonck,  1724-6. 

Du  Bois,  Gualthcrus  (son  of  Rev.  Peter  Du  Bois,  of  Amsterdam),  b.  at 
Streefkerk,  Holland,  1671 ;  lie.  by  CI.  of  Amsterdam,  Apr.  5,  1695;  ord. 
by  same,  June  i,  1699,  New  York,  1 699-1 751  ;  died  Oct.  9.  Supplied 
Hackensack  1728-30  and  Bergen  and  other  places  occasionally. 

In  the  third  edition  of  the  "Manual,"  he  is  put  down  as  a  graduate  of  Ley- 
den  University,  1697.  This  was  stated  on  the  authority  of  De  Ronde's 
funeral  sermon,  as  quoted  in  "Doc.  Hist,"  iii,  324.  But  his  name  does  not 
appear  in  the  printed  catalogues  of  either  Leyden,  Utrecht  or  Groningen. 
Yet  in  the  Mints,  of  Classis,  quoted  below,  laudable  certificates,  ecclesi- 
astical and  academic,  were  read.  His  father,  Rev.  Peter  Du  Bois,  was 
called  from  the  church  of  Gorcum  to  Amsterdam,  and  installed  there.  May 
25,  1687,  and  died  March  3,  1698,  being  the  looth  minister  settled  in  the 
Collegiate  Church  of  Amsterdam,  after  the  Reformation  (Wagenaar's  "De- 
script,  of  Amsterdam,"  ii,  145).  There  is  only  one  Du  Bois  mentioned  in  the 
Leyden  Catalogue — Adrian  Du  Bois,  who  matriculated  Sept.  9,  1746,  as  a 
student  of  Theology,  annos  academicos  habens,  and  only  one  in  Utrecht 
University — Henry  Francis  Gualtherus  Du  Bois,  but  this  was  as  late  as 
1874.  There  is  no  Du  Bois  in  the  catalogue  of  Groningen.  That  of  Franeker 
has  not  been  examined,  if,  indeed,  it  was  ever  printed. 

Du  Bois  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  April  5,  1695. 

During  the  next  four  years,  1695-9,  the  church  of  New  York  was  going 
through  a  great  crisis,  both  about  the  obtaining  of  their  charter  and  espe- 
cially the  calling  of  the  first  minister  under  their  new  charter.  The  docu- 
ments are  very  voluminous,  but  interesting.  But  all  was  settled  before  Du 
Bois  arrived  in  1699.  Rev.  Hieronyums  Verdieren  had  declined  the  call  on 
account  of  the  many  and  complex  difficulties  existing.  Van  Schaick  and 
Banker,  the  Committee  of  the  New  York  church,  said  to  the  Classis,  "that 
the  calling  of  and  sending  .of  a  minister  should  be  conducted  at  the  present 
juncture  with  the  greatest  care."  One  should  be  chosen  of  a  very  pacific 
character,  in  order,  if  possible,  to  quench  the  disturbances.  Domine  Selyns 
wrote  an  account  of  the  difficulties,  sending  over  copies  of  the  official  docu- 
ments, all  of  which  are  now  recovered.  After  several  attempts,  the  Classis, 
on  May  4,  1699,  voted  on  three  candidates.  Rev.  Gualterus  Du  Bois,  Rev. 
John  Lydius,  of  Oyfberg,  and  Rev.  Petrus  Vas.  Bu  Bois  was  chosen  by  a 
plurality  of  votes  and  letters  were  at  once  written  to  New  York.  The  Classis 
says :  "From  these  nominees,  we  have  chosen  by  a  majority  of  votes.  Rev. 
Gualterus  Du  Bois,  a  young  man  of  about  28  years  of  liberal  study  and  dig- 
nified gifts.  He  is  a  son  of  our  deceased  colleague  (Rev.  Peter)  Du  Bois. 
He  is  a  very  conscientious  man  and  also  amiable  in  intercourse.  We  feel 
assured  that,  with  God's  blessing,  he  will  do  good  service  in  your  church. 
Since  he  is  an  enemy  of  all  partizanship,  we  have  good  hope  that  he  may 
prove  a  blessed  instrument  to  calm  all  your  disturbances,  both  by  his  precept 
and  example."  On  June  i,  1699,  after  preaching  a  sermon,  Du  Bois  under- 
went his  final  examination,  "and  did  so  acquit  himself  therein  that  the 
Assembly  cordially  admitted  him  to  ordination  to  the  Sacred  Ministry.  This 
was  performed  by  the  examiner,  Scrillingh,  by  the  laying  on  of  hands."  Vol. 
viii,  305.  The  next  day  the  proper  testimonials  were  given  him  by  the 
Deputies  and  a  duplicate  of  his  call. 

On  March  29,  1700,  the  Consi.story  of  New  York  wrote  a  letter  heartily 
thanking  the  Classis  "in  providing  us  with  such  an  excellent  pastor  as 
Domine  Gualtherus  Du  Bois.  His  learning  and  virtues  have  justly  become 
an  ornament  to  our  church.  Through  his  remarkable  zeal,  mingled  with 
gentleness,  the  troublesome  disputes  which  have,  through  each  other's 
rashness,  now  for  some  years  past  turned  our  church  topsy-turvy,  have  at 
last  been  almost  completely  extinguished.  Every  one  in  the  congregation 
takes  the  greatest  satisfaction  in  his  teaching  and  deportment."     .     .     .     "We 


3i8 


THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 


clearly  perceive  the  blessing  of  the  Lord  in  this  circumstance,  for  he  has 
brought  light  out  of  darkness.  For  never  was  a  congregation  more  agi- 
tated than  ours  over  the  calling  of  a  minister ;  and  never  did  feeling  extend 
to  such  hot  antagonisms." 

In  the  fall  of  1700  the  Consistory  built  Domine  Du  Bois  a  new  parsonage. 
He  was  evidently  the  right  man  for  the  times  and  place.  The  records  of 
his  church,  his  correspondence  and  tradition  all  unite  in  representing  him 
as  a  man  of  a  quiet  and  peaceful  spirit.  In  seasons  of  difificulty  arising  from 
contentions,  such  as  existed  on  Long  Island  and  elsewhere,  he  exerted  a 
most  beneficient  influence  to  conciliate  and  heal.  Respectable  in  his  pulpit 
exercises,  prudent,  judicious  and  consistent  in  his  practical  course,  and 
kind  in  his  spirit,  he  won  the  affection  of  the  church  and  the  respect  of  the 
community.  He  welcomed  Schlatter  on  his  arrival,  in  1746.  He  preached 
for  the  last  time  on  Sept.  25,  1751.  He  designed  to  proceed  to  Bergen  the 
next  day  (Monday)  and  administer  the  Lord's  Supper.  But  he  was  seized 
that  Sabbath  evening  with  illness  which  in  ten  days  terminated  his  life.  He 
had  passed  his  eightieth  year.  The  newspapers  of  the  city  noticed  his  death 
with  high  praise  of  him.  He  left  a  large  amount  of  MSS.,  which  testify 
to  his  industry  and  devotedness.  In  these  he  expounds  in  order  whole 
books  of  the  Bible.  His  wife,  who  accompanied  him  from  Holland,  was 
Helena  Van  Boelen.  (But  according  to  the  "N.  Y.  Gen.  and  Biog.  Record," 
xi,  174,  he  married  Helena  Van  Boelen,  of  New  York,  Dec.  13,  1700.; 
Some  of  his  children  became  connected  with  the  leading  families  of  the  day, 
and  his  descendants  are  numerous.  He  was  the  author  of  the  plan  for  a 
Coetus,  and  one  of  its  warmest  friends  at  its  original  institution,  in  1737,  as 
well  as  ten  years  later,  when  it  was  brought  into  practical  operation;  but 
he  died  before  the  disruption  of  the  church  into  Coetus  and  Conferentie  and 
the  sad  contentions  which  followed.  Had  his  life  been  spared,  he  would 
doubtless  have  exerted  a  most  salutary  influence.  His  correspondence 
(which  remains  in  the  archives  of  the  church)  with  the  Classis  of  Amster- 
dam, denotes  ability  and  a  spirit  of  moderation  and  kindness.  His  hand- 
writing is  exceedingly  neat  and  distinct,  and  his  autographic  signature 
peculiarly  fine  and  imposing.  In  the  Consistory  room  of  the  Collegiate 
Church  there  is  a  large  and  well-executed  portrait  of  him.  which  strikes  the 
beholder  as  characteristic  of  the  qualities  ascribed  to  him. 

The  portraits  of  all  his  successors  are  also  there  to  be  seen.  While  such 
were  the  traits  of  his  character,  he  was  so  universally  honored  that  by  vir- 
tue of  accorded  merit  he  was,  says  Smith,  in  his  "History  of  New  York," 
more  like  a  bishop  among  the  Dutch  churches  than  the  pastor  of  a  single 
organization. — Rev.  Dr.  Thos.  Dc  Witt. 

Barclay,  in  his  correspondence  with  the  Church  in  England,  throws  out  an 
unkind  fling  at  him  for  resisting  their  encroachments.  Mr.  Du  Bois  bap- 
tized Samuel  Provoost,  who  afterward  became  a  bishop  in  the  Episcopal 
Church.  This  circumstance  was  subsequently  charged  against  him,  as  in- 
Z'alidiitiug  his  office,  he  having  received  no  other  baptism!  ("Christians' 
Mag.;'  i,  92,  ii,  430,  435). 

"Doct.  Hist.,"  iii,  324.  329,  537,  541.  "Mints.  Ch.,  N.  Y."  His  many  let- 
ters, with  other  documents,  will  be  found  in  Ecc.  Rec.  N.  Y. 

See  "Winfield's  Hist,  of  Hudson  County,  N.  J.,"  383.     Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  Kort  Begryp  der  waare  Christelyke  Leere,  uit  den  Heidel- 
berg Catech.  uitgetrokken,  door  ordre  der  Christelyke  Synod  te  Dordrecht, 
Anno  1618-19.  Met  eenige  verklaaringe  over  elke  Vraage  verrykt,  voor  den 
Leer — lieven  den  en  Bejcerigen  tot's  Heeren  H.  Avondmaal. 

Zamengestelt  door  Gualtherus  du  Bois,  Bedienaar  des  Godlyken  Woords 
inde  Nederduitsche  Gereformeerde  Gemeente  ter  Stede  Nieuw-York  in 
America,  24th  April,  1706.     Pages  75.     Or 

Compendium  of  the  True  Christian  Doctrine,  extracted  from  the  Heidel- 
berg Catechism  by  Order  of  the  Synod  of  Dort.  1618-19:  Enriched  with 
certain  Explanations  on  Each  Question  for  the  Instruction  of  those  desir- 
ing to  partake  of  the  Lord's  Supper. 


THE   MINISTRY  319 

Composed  by  Gualterus   Bu  Bois,   Servant  of  the  Word  of   God  in  the 
Dutch  Refd.  Church  of  the  city  of  New  York,  Ap.  24,  1706.     Pages  75. 

The  Title  in  full  is  given  in  Biog.  Appendix  to  Dr.  Bethune's  "Sermons 
on  the  Catechism." 

Du   Bois,    Hasbrouck,   b.    East    Fishkill,    N.   Y.,    Nov.    27,    1832,   Y.C.    '56, 
N.B.S.    1859,   Newark,  4th,   59-61.   Bloomingburgh,   63-6,    Mott   Haven, 
66-87;    al.so  S.S.  Union,  High  Bridge,     d.  Aug.  5,  1902  . 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn..  1903,  516.    Ch.  Int.,  Aug.  13  and  27,  1902. 
Du  Bois.  John,  b.  in  Schoharie  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  5,  1812;    U.C.  39,  N.B.S.  42, 
1.    CI.    Washington ;     Manheim,   43-5,    Gansevoort,   45-50,    Cicero,    50-4, 
Boglit,    54-9,    Mamakating,    59-65,    Middleport,    66-74,    Cuddebackville, 
74-80,  S.S.  at  Mamakating,  80-84,  d.  Ap.  7. 
Du  Bois,  Jonathan,  b.  in  Pittsgrove,  N.  J.,  Dec.  3,  1727;    studied  under  his 
pastor.    Rev.    David    Evans    (Presbyt.),    and    at    the    Presbyt.    Synod's 
School  at  New  London,  Pa.     Licensed  in  the  fall  of  1750;    North  and 
South  Hampton,  Pa.,  1751-72,  d.  Dec.  15. 
In  his  eighteenth  year  his  attention  was  turned  to  the  ministry.     After 
studying  a  while  with  his  pastor  and  at  the  Presbyterian  Synod's  school  at 
New  London,  Pa.,  he  was  sent  with  a  letter  from  his  pastor  to  his  relatives 
at  Esopus,  N.  Y.,  asking  for  help  to  pursue  his  studies.     He  was  one  of  the 
original    trustees   of    Queen's    College.    1770.      See    "Harbaugh's    Lives,"    ii, 
380.     "Du  Bois  Reunion,"  108,  109.     He  was,  according  to  a  receipt,  already 
officiating  in  some  capacity  at  N.  and  S.  Hampton,  as  early  as  the  middle 

o^  ^749- 

Duby,  J.  Louis,  c.  from  Geneva,  Switz.,  1795;  supplied  French  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C, 
1795-7.  returned  to  Geneva. 

Duck,  E.  M.,  b.  Aug.  4.  1872,  Spring  Mills,  Pa.  Gettysburg  Col.  1897.  N.S. 
1901.  1.  by  Litchfield  Cong.  Ass.  Rosendale,  N.  Y.,  1903-05;  Montville, 
N.  J.,  1905-11  ;    Jersey  City,  Greenville,  1911 .     B.D. 

Duckworth,  Joseph.     Philadelphia,  South.  1896-7. 

Duddy,  Frank  E.  Ord.  CI.  .Poughkeepsie  1916.  Ass.  Ref.  Ch.  Poughkeep- 
sie,  1916-17;    Y.M.C.A.  War  Work,  1917-19;    Congregational,  1919 

Duffield,  John  Reginald.     Ord.  by  CI  Poughkeepsie   1906.     Fishkill,   N.  Y.. 

1906-10.   also   S.S.   Glen,    N.   Y.,    1910.     Missionary  to   India    1910 . 

Presbyterian,  1913 

Duiker,  Roelof,  b.  in  Netherlands,  1825.  Entered  minister  of  the  Chris- 
tian Ref.  Ch.  in  the  Netherlands  1850.  (Ch.  Ref.  Ch.  Grand  Rapids, 
1867-72),  Danforth,  111.,  72-4;  Milwaukee,  74-77;  Grand  Haven,  78-81 
(Christian  Ref.  Ch.,  Grand  Haven.  82-88);  Grandville.  88-90;  Kala- 
mazoo. 90-92;  Grand  Rapids,  8th,  92-96  w.  c.  d.  Aug.  9,  1917. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1918,  597. 

Duiker.  Roelof,  b.  Albany,  N.  Y.  H.C.  W.T.S.  1918.  1.  by  CI.  G.  R.  1918. 
Strasburg.  N.  D.,  1919 

Duiker,  Wm.  John  (s.  of  R.  Duiker),  b.  Niezyl,  Neths.,  Jan.  21,  1865; 
H.C.  86.  N.B.S.  89,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Albany  (Hoi.),  89-91,  Middleburgh, 
la.,  91-5,  Fulton,  III..  1895-1902.  Gibbsville,  Wis.,  1902-08,  Leighton,  la., 
Ebenezer,  1908-11,  Grand  Rapids,  6th,  1911-17,  Lansing,  111..  1918-19, 
Archer,  la.,  1919-21.  Oskaloosa,  la..  1921 

Dumont.  A.  Henry,  N.B.S.  1826,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Aliss.  at  Union  and  Salem, 
26,  Greenbush  and  Blooming  Grove,  26-9,  Pottsville,  Pa.,  and  Miss,  at 
Tuscarora  and  Fort  Carbon,  29-30.  Gen.  Agent  of  Miss.  Soc,  32-33, 
Congregationalist,  Newport,   R.   I.,   1833-..,  d.   1865. 

Dumont,  Wm.  Alex.,  b.  Bedminster.  N.  J..  Dec.  23.  1857;  R.C.  80,  U.S. 
82-5,    1.     CI.    Raritan ;     Hastings-on-Hudson.    85-8.    New    Hackensack, 

1888-1911.     Coxsackie,   ist,   1911-1920;    Glenvillc,   ist.   1920 .     Pres. 

P.S.A.'  1915.    State  S.S.  Examiner  in  Teachers'  Training. 

Duncombe,  Alfred,  b.  Stroud,  Gloucester,  Eng.,  Nov.  26,  i860;  R.C; 
N.B.S.  1893,  1.  CI.  Bergen;  Manhasset,  1893-1907;  Bogota,  1907-15; 
Long  Branch,  191 5 


320  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

(Dunlap,  John.     Miss,  to  Sand  Beach,  1828-9,  d.) 

Dunlap,  John.     S.S.  at  Castleton,  1888-9. 

Dunnewold,  A.  J.,  b.  Clymer,  N.  Y.,  June  2,  1894.    H.C.  1918.    W.T.S.  1921. 

1.  by  CI.  Holland  1921.    Dunningsville,  Mich.,  1921 

Dunnewold,  John  Willem,  b.  July  23,  1821,  at  Winterswyk,  Neth. ;  studied 
privately;  lie.  by  Cong.  Assoc,  of  Chautauqua,  N.  Y.,  June,  51;  ord. 
by  Cong.  Oct.  8,  51  (Clymer,  Cong.,  51-3)  ;  Clymer  R.D.C.,  53-60, 
Clymer  and  Mina  Corners,  60-8,  Gibbsville,  Wis.,  68-87,  Lansing,  111., 
87-94.  Died  Oct.  20,  1895. 
He  settled  in  Milwaukee,  after  a  brief  stay  in  Albany,  having  come  to 
America  in  1846.  A  colony  of  Hollanders  had  settled  at  Clymer,  N.  Y., 
and  being  without  a  church,  they  spent  their  Sabbaths  in  card  playing  and 
other  improper  ways.  Yet  conscience  was  not  dead.  They  longed  for 
some  one  to  guide  and  teach  them.  Some  of  them  remembered  a  young 
man  at  Winterswyk  in  Holland,  who  used  to  stand  near  a  pillar  in  the 
church  there,  listening  intently  to  the  preaching  of  the  Word.  They  wrote 
to  Holland,  thinking  he  could  serve  them.  They  found  he  was  in  Mil- 
waukee. They  wrote  to  him  there  and  asked  him  to  come  to  them  as  a 
private  Christian  and  elder.  He  came.  He  labored  by  day  and  taught 
from  house  to  house  far  into  the  night.  There  ensued  a  wonderful  revival. 
He  longed  to  become  a  minister.  The  means  for  an  academic  education 
were  wanting.  A  Congregational  minister  instructed  him,  and  he  was  or- 
dained by  Congrcgationalists.  For  more  than  40  years  he  was  an  earnest 
preacher  of  the  Gospel,  without  educational  advantages,  a  burning  love  for 
Christ  and  souls  more* than  supplied  its  place.  He  was  unequaled  as  a 
pastor.  He  had  a  peculiar  ability  in  enforcing  Divine  Truth  in  reference  to 
the  various  duties  and  experiences  of  those  among  whom  he  lived.  Though 
without  a  regular  education,  he  preached  in  Dutch,  German,  or  English. 
See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1896,  492. 

Dunning,  E.  O.,  from  Onedia  Assoc;    Canajoharie,  1842-4,  w.  c.  1844-9. 
Durand,  Cyrus  B.,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  July  27,   1835;    R.C.  58,  N.B.S.  61,  1.  CI. 
Bergen;    Preakness,  62-8,  Boonton,  68-71,   Hackensack,  2d,  71-82;    be- 
came Episcopalian  (Newark,  St.  James,  1882-1904).    d.  Aug.  14,  1904. 
Durfee,  Jesse  F.,  b.   Central  Bridge,   N.  Y.,   March  16,   1886.     R.C.   1910. 
N.B.S.   1913.     1.  by  CI.   Schoharie   1913.     Hurley,   N.  Y.,   1913-20,  also 

S.S.  Marbletown,  2d,  1914-20;    Bedminster,  N.  J.,  1920 

Duryea,  John  H.,  b.  at  Wallkill,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  28,  1810;    R.C.  34,  N.B.S.  37, 
1.  CI.   Orange,  Wawarsing,   1837-8,  Totowa,   2d,   1838-95,   d.     Emeritus, 
1882.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1871. 
He  was  of  Huguenot  ancestry  on  the  paternal  side.     He  remained  in  his 
field  at   Paterson   for  56^/2   years.     After  being  declared  emeritus,   he   still 
was  active  in  the  church,  teaching  a  Bible  Class,  and  visiting  the  sick,  and 
performing  other  duties  so  far  as  health  would  permit.     The  church  which 
he  served  so  long  is  his  memorial;    its  history  is  the  history  of  his  life.     He 
made  it  what  it  is.     He  also  took  active  part   in   the  welfare  of   the  city 
generally,  aiding  in  developing  its  educational  institutions,  served  as  super- 
intendent of   public  schools,   and   for   20  years   was   on   the   Board  of   Ex- 
aminers of   Teachers.     He   served  with  zeal  and  fidelity   in  every  position 
to  which  he  was  called.     He  was  in  hearty  sympathy  with  the  benevolent 
work  of  the  church,  supporting  her  institutions  by  precept  and  example. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:     "Address   at   the    Funeral   of    Rev.    Peter   Allen,"    1862, 

New  York:    1875.     "History  of  the  Second  Reformed  Church  of  Totowa" 

(Paterson),   with    "Notes   of    the    Early    Churches    in    the    Neighborhood.'' 

Published  in  the  "Paterson  Press,"  April   15.   1857,   Feb.  21,   1869. 

Duryea,  Joseph  Tuthill,  b.  Jamaica,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  9,  1833;    C.N.J.  56,  P.S.  59; 

lie.  Presbyt.  Nassau,  L.  I.,  58  (Troy,  2d,  Presbyt..  59-62)  ;    New  York, 

Collegiate,  62-7   (Brooklyn.   Presb.  Classon  Av.,  67-79  Boston,  Central 

Cong.,   79-88,    Omaha,   Neb.,   Cong.,   89-95),   Williamsburgh,    L.    I.,   95- 


THE   MINISTRY  32I 

1898,  d.  May  17.  S.T.D.  by  C.N.J.  1866.  LL.D.  by  State  University 
of  Kansas,  1895. 
Dr.  Duryea  came  to  be  one  of  the  most  widely  known  clergymen  in  the 
United  States.  He  had  a  great  reputation  for  scholarship  and  for  eloquence 
in  the  pulpit.  He  was  invited  to  be  president  of  several  institutions,  among 
them  Princeton,  which  he  had  saved  from  financial  disaster  after  the  Civil 
War.  He  took  great  interest  in  social  progress  and  was  trusted  by  both 
sides  in  labor  disputes. 

See  Manual,  1902.     Ch.  Int.,  July  15,  1898. 

Publications  :  "Presbyterian  Hymnal,"  1874.  "The  Psalter  for  Use  in 
Worship,"  1886.  "Vesper  Services,"  1887.  Oration  before  Alumni  of 
Princeton  in  Commemoration  of  the  Graduates  who  served  in  the  Union 
Army.  Address  before  the  Cabinet,  Senate,  House  of  Representatives, 
and  Officers  of  the  Army  and  Navy  of  the  U.  S.  "Sermons  and  Ad- 
dresses." 

Duryee,  Abram,  b.  at  Millstone,  N.  J.,  Aug.  4,  1867;    R.C.  89-91,  N.B.S.  94, 
1.  CI.  N.B.;  North  Hackensack,  N.  J.,  1894-1911  ;    Ass.,  Bergen,  Jersey 

City,  1911-17.     Educational  Sec.  Bd.  of  Publication  R.C. A.  1917 

Publication's  :    Many  articles  for  the  Ch.  Int.,  etc.     Regular  contributor 
to  six  educational  periodicals.     Educational  and  Evangelistic  Leaflets. 
Duryee,  Isaac  G.,  b.  in  Schenectady,  1810;    U.C.  38,  A.S.  41,  1.  South  Assoc. 
Litchfield,  Ct.,  42;    Fallsburgh,  42-51,  Glenham,  51-2,   Schenectady,  2d, 
52-8,  S.S.  Port  Jackson,  59-62,  Chaplain  31st  Reg.  N.  Y.  V.  at  Hilton 
Head,  S.  C,  62-66,  d. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  "Ebenezer" :  A  Sermon  at  the  Reopening  of  R.D.C., 
Fallsburgh,  1849. 

Duryee,  John,  b.  1760,  (?)  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  Gen. 
Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders,  1784;  Raritan  and  Bedminster,  1786- 
98,  Bedminster,  1798-1800,  Pottersdam,  i8co-i,  Fairfield,  1801-17,  d. 
1836.  (?)  Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1786. 
Duryee,  Joseph  Rankin,  b.  Newark,  N.  J.,  Nov.  22,  1853;  R.C.  74,  N.B.S. 
79 ;  lie.  by  CI.  Newark ;  ord.  by  same,  June  23,  79 ;  employed  in  gather- 
ing and  organizing  a  R.D.C.  on  the  ground  formerly  occupied  by  the 
Chapel  of  Collegiate  Ch.,  7th  av.  and  54th  st.,  1879-85;  pastor  of  said 
church— "Grace  Refd.  Ch.,"  N.  Y.  C,  1884-1921.     D.D.  by  R.C.   1892. 

Member  Bd.  of   Direction   1902.     Trustee  R.C.    1905 .     Trustee  of 

many  other  religious  and  civil  societies. 
Publications:    Many  articles  in  the  Press. 
See  Collegiate  Ch.  Year-Book,"  1881,  67;    1886,  60. 
Duryee,  Philip  H.,  b.  at  New  Utrecht,  1774;    C.C.  1795,  studied  theol.  under 
Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.  Y.,  1798;    Miss,  in  the  West,  1798-1802,  Saratoga 
and   Easton,    1802-28,   S.S.   Greenwich,    1812-14,   English  Neighborhood, 
29-48,  d.  1850.     Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1840.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1834. 
In  his  first  settlement  he  had  taken  great  pleasure  and  labored  diligently 
in  rearing  new  churches,  wiiile  fostering  the  interests  of  his  principal  charge. 
He  was  possessed  of   a  kind  spirit  and  gentleness  of   manner,   and   sought 
and   followed  the  things  which   make   for  peace.     He  was  well  adapted  to 
labor  at  English  Neighborhood  after  the  troubles  occasioned  by  the  seces- 
sion   there,   gaining   many    friends. — See   "Taylor's    Annals."      "Biog.    Diet. 
N.  J.,"  462. 

Duryee,   William   Rankin,   b.   in   Newark,   N.   J.,   April    10,    1838;     R.C.   56, 
N.B.S.  61,  lie.  by  CI.  of  Bergen;   ord.  by  CI.  Bergen,  62;   Chaplain,  62-3, 
East  Williamsburgh,  63-4,  Jersey  City  (Lafayette  Ch.),  64-91  ;    Prof,  of 
Ethics,-  Evidences   of    Christianity   and   the    English    Bible    in    Rutgers 
College,  91-1897,  d.  Jan.  20.     D.D.  by  R.C.   1876.     Elected  trustee  of 
R.C.  1877.     Pres.  of  Gen.  Synod,  1883. 
He  was  possessed  of  a  rare  combination  of  gifts,  with  tastes  broad,  cul- 
tivated and   refined.     He  was  an  accomplished   scholar,   a  witty  and   ready 
speaker — in  short  an  unusual  Christian  scholar  and  gentleman. 


322  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN  AMERICA 

The  memory  of  his  first  wife  is  embalmed  in  the  Charlotte  W.  Duryee 
School  for  Women,  in  connection  with  the  Amoy  Mission.     To  this  mission 
his  daughter,  Lilly  N.  Duryee,  went  as  a  missionary  in  1894.     "Mints.  Gen. 
Syn.,"  1897,  766.    "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C.,"  1897-5. 
See  Manual  of  1902. 

For  a  list  of  his  numerous  publication,  see  Manual,  1902. 
Dushaw,  Amos  I.     Redfield  Col.  1901.     U.T.S.  1904.     1.  by  Pres.  of  N.  Y. 
1904.     (Pres.  Newark,  N.  J.     East  Meredith.  N.  Y.,  St.  Paul  Minn.). 
Brooklyn,  Green  Point,  Kent  St.,  1918-19.     Head  of  Near  East  Relief, 
Jerusalem,  1920-21. 
Publications  :     "Proselytes   of   the   Ghetto,"   "Tragedy  of   the   Ghetto." 
Other  books  and  articles. 

Dusinberre,  Thos.  Sproull,  b.  at  Warwick,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  18,  1835 ;    R.C.  61, 
N.B.S.  64,  1.  CI.  Paramus  (supplied  Amity,  Presb.,  in  fall  of  64,  taught 
the  Classics,  65-6,  Miss,  at  Park  Chapel,  Albany,  Apr.-Oct,  66)  ;  Pratts- 
ville,  66-70,  Linlithgo,  70-89,  West  New  Hempstead,  89-1898,  w.  c.    d. 
July  4,  1920. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1921,  628. 
Dutcher,  Jacob  C,  b.  Oct.  8,  1820;    R.C.  43,  N.B.S.  46,  1.  CI.  N.B.;    Owasco, 
46-50,  Bergen  Neck,  50-54,  Bergen  Point,  54-57,  Coxsackie,  ist,  57-58, 
Seventh  Av.,   N.   Y.   C,   58-59,   Sixth  Av.,   N.   Y.,   Union   Ch.,   59-63, 
Market    St.    N.    Y.,    63-66    (S.S.    Somers,    Ct.,    Cong.,    67-8),    Bound 
Brook,  68-79,  U.  S.  Consul  at  Port  Hope,  Canada,  80-87,  w.  c.     Died 
Nov.  27,  1888.    _       • 
He  was  an  effective  writer  and  speaker,  a  good  pastor,  and  a  man  of 
large  and  noble  heart. 

See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1889.  915.  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C," 
1889,  18. 

Publications:  "Requisites  of  Nat.  Greatness,"  1843.  "Washington": 
An  Oration  at  Niblo's  Theatre,  1872,  before  Order  of  United  Americans. 
This  address  has  a  very  large  circulation.  "Our  Fallen  Heroes."  "Amer- 
ica :  Her  Danger  and  Her  Safety,"  1875.  "The  Prodigal  Son,"  pp.  125, 
1870.  "The  Old  Home  by  the  River,"  pp.  230,  1874;  two  editions.  "Frank 
Lyttleton ;  or.  Winning  His  Way,"  pp.  320.  "Sketch  of  Capt.  Demming," 
written  by  request  of  Legislature  N.  Y.,  and  pub.  by  them;  pp.  80,  1864. 
Dutton,  Charles  S.,  b.  Elmira,  N.  Y,  1857.    H.C.  1881,  N.B.S.  84,  Macon  and 

S.  Macon,  84-7,  S.S.  at  Raritan,  111.,  87-8,  w.  c. 
Duven,  Matthias  jay,  b.  Waupun,  Wis.,  Jan.  2,  1879.     H.C.  1904,  W.T.S. 
1907.     1.  by  CI.  la.     Grand  View,  S.  D.,  1907-10;    also  Corsica,  S.  D., 
1908-10;    Hingham,  Wis.,  1911-16;  Greenleafton,  Minn.,  1916-21 ;  Vries- 

land,  Mich.,  1921 

Duven,  William,  b.  June  6,  1882,  Alton,  Wis.  H.C.  1908.  P.G.  Univ.  Mich. 
1909.     W.T.S.   1912.     1.  by  CI.  Holland.     Manhattan,   Mont.,   1912-17; 

S.S.  Hope,  Big  Timber,  Mont.,  1913-17;    Montana,  ist,  Conrad,  1917 

Dwight,    Maurice    W.,    b.    at    Kempsville,    Va.,    May   4,    1796;     C.C.    1816, 
N.B.S.  21,  1.  CI.  N.B.;   Waterford,  N.  Y.,  22-6,  New  Hackensack,  26-33, 
Brooklyn,  ist,  33-55;    died  1859.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1845. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Publications  :    "Duties  and  Responsibilities  of   Christian  Young  Men," 

1837.  "Guilt  and  Danger  of  Reading  Infidel  Works,"  in  "Nat.  Preacher,'' 

1838.  "On  Death  of  President  Taylor,"   1850.     "Bearing  False  Witness," 
in  "Pulpit  Repertory,"  1849.    "On  Death  of  Gen.  Jer.  Johnson,"  1853. 
Dyer,  David.  Fultonville,  1839-43. 

Dyer,  Francis,  from  Cong.  Assoc.  Maine,  1857,  w.  c.     1857-61. 

Dyer,  Samuel,  Westerlo,  1856-62,  Presbyt. 

Dyke,  Chalmers  Peter,  b.  Neth.,  Dec.  25,  1869,  R.C.  1892,  N.B.S.  95; 
Germantown,  N.  Y.,  95-1900,  Herkimer,  1900-1904;  (Missionary  Pres., 
New  Mexico.  1904);  N.  Y.  C,  Hamilton  Grange,  1904-08;  (dis.  to 
Cong.  1911.    In  business). 


THE   MINISTRY  S^S 

Dvke  Jacob,  b.  Dokkum,  Vriesland,  Neths.,  Feb   15,  i860;   H.C.  83,  N  B  S. 

86   1    Presby.  of  Lyons,  N.  Y. ;    Sodus,  N.  Y.,  Presb    86-94;    Mayfield, 

iSgio      South  Bend,     nd.,  99-1901;    Pennington    Ind,,  Presbyt     1901- 

o^t    Herkimer   NY.,  1904.    Also  S.S.  Fort  Herkimer,  1904  (Pres. 

!!^)  ;    wTst  Sayville,   1911-12;    S.S.   New  Salem,   1912-14;    Pres. 

Publications  :   Many  articles  in  the  press. 
Dykema,  Anno  Charles,  b.  Chicago,  111.,  May  20   1878.    H.C.  1906.     N.B.b. 
iS;    Mahwah,  1909-17.     (Pres.  Sheldon,  111.,  1917-21).    Paterson,  N. 

DykLa^'jaSet'b.'ch";io,  111..  April  19.  1880.  H.C.  1910  N.B.S.  1913. 
1  by  a  Wis.  Mescalero,  Indian  Mission,  N.  M.,  1913;  Vermilye  Mem- 
orial,  Lawton,  Okl.,  1913-14,  also  Apache  Indians,  1913-14;  ^^scalero. 
N    M.  (S.S.)   1914-15;    Hyde  Park,  East  Orange,  191S-19;  Red  Bank, 

Dyk^a^'KhiaVr,  b.  Prov.  Groningen,  Neths.,  Feb.  15,  1866;  RC.  94, 
NBS  97,  i.  CI.  Wisconsin;  Westfield,  N.  Dakota,  1897-1902;  Luctor, 
Kan  "1902-04;  Leighton,  la.,  Ebenezer,  1904-08 ;  Wortendyke.  N.  J., 
7908-12;  Clymer  Hill,  N.  Y.,  1912;  New  Era,  Mich.,  1912-17;  Grand 
Rapids,  6th,  1917-1920;    Lester    la.    1920 

Dykhuizen,  Harm,  b.  Veendam,  Neth.  Aug^  24,  1866;  H.C.  1895,  ^  ^S.  98' 
1  by  CI.  Grand  River,  Sheldon,  la.,  1898-1901 ;  Carmel,  la^,  1901-04. 
Pella  4th  1904-07;  Jamestown,  Mich.,  2d,  1907-10;  Grand  Rapids,  6th, 
igio-'ii;    Albany,  N.  Y.,  5th,  1911-16;    Hingham,  Wis.,  1917—- 

Dykstra,  B.  D.,  W.S.  1900,  S.S.  Bethlehem  la.,  I900:i90i  ;  Charles  Mix 
190^-13;    Aurora,   S.  D.,   1919 •     Classical   Missionary   CI.   Dakota 

Dykst?a%irk.    H.C.  1906.    W.T.S.  1914-     Missionary  Arabia,  1906 

Dykstra,  John  Albert,  b.  Grand  Rapids,  June  10,  1886.     H.C    1909.     P-S. 
^   1909-10.     N.B.S.    1912.     1.  by   CI.   Michigan    1912      Catski  1,    191^2-18, 

Hamilton  Grange,  N.  Y.  C,  1918-19;    Grand  Rapids,  Central,  1919 • 

Member  Bd.  Supt.  N.B.S.  1919.      ,         ^„      ^_        ,  „,.     .  p  ,    ^^„ 
Dykstra.  John  D.,  b.  Aug.  26,  1885,  Fulton    111.     H.C.  and  Ohyet  Col    191I; 
WTS    191S.     1.  by  CI.  Wis.   igiS-     Fremont  Centre,  Mich.,   I9i5-i7, 
Mt.  Greenwood,  111,  1917-18;    Westfield,  N.  D.,  Hope,  1918-21 ;    Hull, 
la.,  American  Reformed,  1921 — -  u  r-    ^r    w  q    anrl 

Dykstra.  Lawrence,  b.  in  Netherlands  ^"S- t',^'  'Pi'  r^'^'iL^H  O  sf, 
NBS  78,  lie.  CI.  Grand  River;  Fulton,  III,  78-82,  Cleveland  O.,  82-3, 
Newkirk,  la.,  83-6,  Albany  (HoU.),  86-8,  Bethlehem  ist,  88-91,  Chi- 
cago (Englewood),  93-8,  Pella,  2d  Jan.,  98-1901 ;  Rochester  N.  Y 
1902-1909;  Grand  Rapids,  Grace.  1909-12;  Holland  Mich  Ebenezer, 
1912-14;  Chicago,  111.,  Englewood,  2d,  1914-18;  Danforth,  111  1918— - 
Took  a  post-graduate  course  of  three  years  in  Chicago  University, 
Thesis— The  Synod  of  Dort.  tt  •    j  n      u  ^    c         tQaq   i,v 

Dysart,  Jos.  P.,  b.  N.  Y.,  1841 ;  U.C.  1865,  United  Presbyt.  Sem.  1868  lie. 
U  Presbyt!  Delaware,  N.  Y.,  Ap.,  1867  (Harnsville,  O.,  1870-1,  Albany, 
Sprague  Ch.,  1871-3)  ;    Glen,  i874-79-     S  S.  Aunesyille,    78.  . 

Dyslin    jihn  Henry,  St.  Johnsonville,  1788-1812.     d.     A  so  S.S,  Manheim 

He  was   "a   Swiss,   a  good   character,   and   a  man   of   learnmg.  —  Doc. 
Hist.,"  iii.  674,  686. 

Eal,  see  Oehl;    also  written   Ehle.  ,„t^t7-    Rpd 

Eastman,  E.  Fred.     From  Presbyterian,  Locust  Valley,  L.  I.,  1912-17 ,    Rea 

Cross  Work  1917-19;    dis.  to  Pres.   1919-       .  ,.        ^      ,      j    xt 

Easto"  Thomas  Chalme;s,  b.  in  Jedburgh  Royburgsh.re  Scotland  Nov 
12,  1836;  West  Collegiate,  Edinburgh,  58.  Edinburgh  Divmity  Hall 
(UP.Ch.),  accident  prevented  graduation ;  he.  by  Hartford  Lent. 
Assoc  Ct ,  63  (South  Glastonbury,  Ct.  (Cong.),  63-8,  traveled  in 
Europe;    Belvidere,  111.  (Presby.),  72-80);    New  Brunswick,  ist,  80-6, 


324  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

Newark,  ist,  86-9,   (San  Francisco,  Calvary,  Presbyt.  89-93,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  Eastern  Presby.,   1893-1909)  ;   Highland  Park,  New  Bruns- 
wick, N.  J.,   1909-10;    Spotswood,  N.  J.,   1911-19;    dis.  to   Pres.   1919; 
D.D.  by  Lake  Forest  Univ.,  1881. 
Publications:     Address   of    Welcome   at    Centennial   of    N.B.S.,    1884. 
Address  at  175th  Anniv.  of  Ch.  of  Six  Mile  Run.    Sermons. 
Ebaugh,  John  S.,  b.  York,  Pa.,  Ap.  19,   1795;    studied  under  Helffenstein  ; 
ord.  by  Syn.  Ger.  Ch.,  1818;    Miss,  in  N.  Carolina,  18-19;    Carlisle,  Pa., 
19-34;    joined  Free  Synod,   1831 ;    Agent  Am.   Bible   Soc,  35;    united 
with  R.D.C.,  N.  Y.  C,  1838;    laboring  with  portions  of  the  old  Ger- 
man ch.,  1838-44;    pastor  of  said  ch.,  1844-51.   (His  name  continues  as 
pastor  of  a  German  ch.,  variously  or  nowhere  located,   from  1851-61). 
Died  Nov.  2,  1874. 
For  an  account  of  the  peculiar  and  unfortunate  circumstances  of   Mr. 
Ebaugh's  New  York  pastorate  and  his  troubles  with  the  Classis  and  Syn- 
ods.    See   Manual,    1902. 

Publications:    See  Manual,  1902. 
Eckel,  Henry,  b.  at  Bridgeton,  N.  J.,  1823 ;  U.Pa.  46,  N.B.S.  49,  1.  CI.  Phil- 
adelphia ;  Sharon,  49-50,  Rosendale,  50-53,  Moresville,  53-4,  Kiskatom, 
1854-55,  d.     See  "Manual"  of  1879. 
Eckerson,  Frank,  b.  at  Old  Tappan,  N.  J.,  Oct.  26,  1876;    R.C.  1900,  N.B.S. 
1903;    ordained   by   CI.    Newark,    Missionary   to   China    1903.      Grave's 
Lecturer  1920-21. 
Eddy,   Zechariah,   b.   Stoi;kbridge,   Vt.,   Dec.    19,    1815;     educated   privately; 
ord.  by  Presbyt.  of  Pa.   (Cumberland  Presbyterian),   1835;     (Miss,  in 
Pa.  and  Ohio,  35-8,  Springville,  N.  Y.  (Presbyt),  38-43,  Mineral  Point, 
Wis.,  44-50,  Warsaw,  N.  Y.,  50-6,  Birmingham,  Ct.,  56-8  Northampton, 
Mass.,  58-67),  Brooklyn  Heights,  N.  Y.,  67-71,   (Detroit,  Mich.,  Cong., 
73-84,  Atlanta,  Ga.,  84-6). 
Publications:    "Immanuel;    or.  The   Life  of   Christ,"   1868.     Editor  of 
"The  Hymns  of  the  Church,  R.C. A.,"  1869.     Editor,  with  Drs.  Schaffs  and 
R.   D.   Hitchcock  of    "Hymns   and    Songs   of    Praise,"    1874.      Editor,   with 
Drs.  R.  D.  Hitchcock  and  L.  W.  Mudge,  of  "Carmina  Sanctorum."     Also 
many  sermons. 

-Edgar,  Cor.  Henry,  b.  at  Rahway,  N.  J.,  Ap.  11,  1811;    C.N.J.  31,  1.  Presb. 
Elizabeth;    Rector  of  Grammar  School,  N.Y.U.  38-45   (Bridge  Hamp- 
ton, L.  L,  Presby.  45-53),  Easton,  Pa.,  53-82.     Died   1884,  Dec.  23 
He  was  an  able  exponent  of   Scripture  and  an  earnest  opponent  of  slav- 
ery at  a  time  when  it  was  popular.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:    Many  sermons,  addresses  and  articles  in   regard  to   sla- 
very and  other  topics  of  the  time,  etc.     See  Manual,  1902. 
Edmondson,   Jas.,   lie.   CI.   Montgomery,    1868;     Cicero,    1879-81,    Mohawk, 

1881-86;    Congregationalist;    Ph.D.  R.C.  1882. 
Edson,   G.   Clements,  b.   Dec.  7,   1877,   Downsville,   N.  Y.,   Macalester   Coll. 
1899,  N.Y.  Univ.  P.G.  1916,  P.S.   1902,  1.  by  Pres.  of  North  Philadel- 
phia 1902,   (Pres.  Carsersville,  Pa.,   1902-04,  Anagansett,  L.  L,  1904-07, 
Greenpoint,   1907-11),  Hasbrouck  Heights   1912-15,   Moderator,   Presby. 
of  L.  L  1908. 
Publications:    "National   Magazine   of   Boston,,"  'Golden   Rule   Maga- 
zine" of  Chicago. 

Edwards,  Deane,  b.   St.   Paul,  Minn.,   March  31,   i88s,  P.U.   1906,   Auburn 
Sem.  1912,  1.  by  Pres.  Cayuga,  (Pres.  Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y.,  ist,  1913-18, 

Chaplain  U.S.A.  1918-19),  Bronxville  1919 

Edwards,  Thomas,  b.  1768  in  Wales;    ord.  1798;    S.S.  Mamakating  1831-34, 

Coeymans  1834.  Died  Ap.  16,  1838. 
Eells,  James,  b.  Westmoreland,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  2^,  1822 ;  Ham.  Coll.  44,  Aub. 
Sem.  51  (Penn.  Yan,  N.  Y.  (Presb.)  51-4,  Cleveland,  O.,  2d,  55-9), 
Brooklyn  Heights,  N.  Y.,  59-67,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  67-70,  Cleveland, 
O.,  70-4,  Oakland,  Cal.,  74-9,  Prof,  of  Pract.  Theology  and  Apologetics 
in    San    Francisco   Theolog.    Sem.,    77-9,    Prof,   of    Pract.    Theol.    and 


THE    MINISTRY  325 

Church  Pol'ty  in  Lane  Theol.  Sem.,  Cincinnati,  O.,  79-1886,  d.  March 
9.     D.D.  by  U.N.Y.  1861.     LL.D.  by  Marietta  Univ.,   1881.     Moderator 
of  Gen.  Assembly,  1877. 
Dr.  Eells  was  a  hard  working  man,  eminent  both  as  a  preacher  and  a 

teacher. 

He  was  also  an  excellent  man  of  afYairs  who  knew  how  to  approach  men 

of  the  world  and  was  trusted  by  them. 

PuBLiCATioxs :     "Memorial    of    Samuel    Eells,    1872.      "Sermons."      Ser- 
mon on  the  Death  of  Pros.  Lincoln,  in  "Voices  of  the  Pulpit,"  1865. 

Eggleton,  Ambrose.     Fallsburg,  1836-37;    Breakabin,  1843-45. 

Eggleston,  G.  H.    Rec'd  from  Pres.  1904.     Ordained  by  CI.  Bergen.     Green- 
ville, 1904-07.     (Green  Ave.  Pres.  Ch.,  Brooklyn,  1907-14.    d.  July  31). 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  191 5,  603. 

Ehle,  see  Oehl. 

Eliason,  Harry  Allen,  b.  Baltimore,  Md.,  Oct.  15,  1880.  Public  Schools. 
Maryland  School  for  Boys.  Evangelist,  1905-11.  Private  theological 
study.  1.  by  CI.  Montgomery  1914.  Sprakers,  N.  Y.,  S.S.  1912-14 — Pas- 
tor, 1914-17;  Currytown,  N.  Y.,  S.S.  1912-14 — Pastor,  1914-17;  Gut- 
tenberg,  191 7 — ■ — 

Elliker,  Solomon.     Ebenezer,  Oregon,  111.,  1887-96,  w.  c.  96-98. 

Elliott,    John    H.,   b.    Ontario,    Can.,    Mar.   4,    1853;     Brampton    Academy; 

special  course  in  Cong.  Sem.,  Chicago  (ord.  by  Cong.  Council,  Chicago, 

May    19,    1894;     laboring   as    an    Evangelist,    94-6,    Rochester,    Central 

Presb.,  96-8)  ;    N.  Y.  C,  34th  st.,  1898-1904.     Presbyterian  1904. 

Publications:    "Notes  and  Suggestions  for  Bible  Reading,"  1889.     "The 

Worker's  Weapon,"  1894.     "Personal  Worker's  Helper,"  etc. 

Ellis,  Arthur  M.  Rec'd  from  Pres.  1912.  Greenbush,  N.  Y.,  1912-15:  Kind- 
erhook,  N.  Y.,  1915-16;    Congregational,  1916 

Ellsworth,  John  S.,  b.  Windham,  Pa.;  Lafayette  Coll.;  U.S.  83,  lie.  by 
Cong,  (in  Cong.  chs. :  Le  Rayville,  Pa.;  Newark  Valley,  N.  Y. ;  Presb., 
Amenia  and  Millerton,  N.  Y.)  ;  Clifton,  N.  J.,  1900-1905.  Suspended 
1907. 

Elmendorf,  Anthony,  b.  in  Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y.,  1813;    R.C.  36,  N.B.S.  39,  1- 
CI.  N.B.;    Hurley,  40-43,  Hyde  Park,  43-8,.  East  Brooklyn  (Bedford), 
48-51,  North  Brooklyn,  51-66,  d.     D.D.  by  R.C.  i860. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Publications:    "The  Excess  of  Future  Glory  Over  Present  Suffering," 

"National    Preacher,"    1854.      Valedictory    Sermon,   preached    in   the    North 

R.D.C.,    Brooklyn,    1865.      Article    in    "Sprague's    Annals"    on    Rev.    H.    G. 

Livingston. 

Elmendorf,  Joachim,  b.  at  Rochester,  Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y..  Mar.  26,  1827 ; 
R.C.  50,  N.B.S.  53,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie ;  Ithaca.  53-5,  Saugerties,  55-62, 
Syracuse,  62-5,  Albany,  2d,  65-72,  Poughkeepsie,  2d,  1872-86,  Harlem 
Collegiate,  N.  Y.  C,  1886-1908,  d.  July  19.  Pres.  Gen.  Syn.,  1872.  Pres. 
Bd.  of  Education,  1901-08.  Trustee  R.C,  1869-1908.  Trustee  Vassar 
C,  1880-1908.  D.D.  by  U.C.  1865. 
Dr.  Elmendorf  was  a  man  of  intellectual  and  spiritual  power.  His  influ- 
ence increased  with  his  years  and  he  became  eminently  useful,  widely  known 

and  respected  in  the  Reformed  Church. 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1909,  526. 
Publications  :   He  was  the  author  of  many  memorial  discourses  and  other 

addresses.     He  also  wrote  much  for  the  papers.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Elmendorf,  Peter,  b.  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  1826.  R.C.  1845,  N.B.S.;  1848- 
51.    d.  April  2. 

Elterich,  Wm.  L.  Bayonne,  3d  (Ger.),  1875-80  (Presbyt.,  Allegheny,  Pa., 
1880^) 

Eltinge,  Cor.  C,  b.  near  Kingston,  1793  (brother  of  Wilhclmus  Eltinge)  ; 
Q.C.  1812.  N.B.S.  16,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Pleasant  Plains,  Dutchess  Co..  N.  Y., 
16,  Minisink  and  Mahackemack,  17-37.  Mahackemack  (Deerpark),  37- 
43.  d.  Oct. 


326  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH   IN  AMERICA 

He  was  a  very  faithful  pastor  over  widely  scattered  fields  and  a  man  of 
power  in  prayer.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Eltinge,  C.  Du  Bois   (son  of  C.  C.  Eltinge)  ;    R.C.  1844,  N.B.S.  48,  I.  CI. 
Orange;    Miss,  to  Montgomery,  48-1850,  Fallsburgh,  51-2,  Raritan,  111., 
56-61,  w.  c.     His  name  was  dropped  from  the  roll  of  Classis  for  non- 
attendance  and  other  reasons,    d.  March  29,  1885. 
Eltinge,  Wilhelmus,  b.  near  Kingston,    1778;    C.N.J.   1796;    studied  under 
Dirck  Romeyn,  lie.  1798;    Paramus  and  Saddle  River,  1799-1811,  Para- 
mus,  181 1-16,  Paramus  and  Totowa,  ist,  1816-33,  Paramus,  1833-50,  d. 
1851.    Elected  a  trustee  of  Queen's  Coll.  1807.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1839. 
He  was  a  strong  opponent  of  the  seceders.     See  Manual,  1902. 
Publications:    "Letter  of  Religious  Intelligence  from  Paramus,  N.  J." 
(N.  Y.  "Miss.  Magazine,"  vol.  3,  p.  76.     See  also  "Manual  and  Record  of 
Paramus,"  p.   50.)      "A  Peacemaker;   or,  an   Essay  on  the  Atonement  of 
Jesus   Christ,"    1823.    "A   Sermon  on   the   Inability  of    Man  to   Believe   in 
Jesus    Christ   Except   the    Father   Draw    Him,"    1823.      (Published   anony- 
mously.)    A  Review  and  Refutation  of  "Short  Notices  and  Reviews,"  con- 
tained in  the  "Monthly  Evangelical  Witness"  of  August,  1823,  and  January, 
1824.      (This  magazine  was   edited  by  James   R.   Wilson,   of   Newburgh.) 
By  a  Dutchman  Good  and  True  of  1824. 

Emerick,  Irving  Porter,  b.  April  14,  i860.  Susquehanna  Univ.  Theo.  Dept. 
Susqu.  Univ.  1886.  1.  by  Evangelical  Lutheran  Synod  of  N.  Y.  and 
N.  J.  1885.  Livingston  Memorial,  1887-9;  Sokan,  1889-90.  (Pres.  Conk- 
lin,  1890-1903;  Bridgeton,  Irving  Ave.,  1903-07;  Sparta,  1907-08; 
Bellport,  L.  I.,   1909;    Sterling,   1910-12;    Mt.  Airy,  2d,  Amwell,  1912- 

18).    Hicksville,  L.  I.,  1918-20;    Port  Jervis,  West  End,  1920 

Publications  :    Articles  for  the  press. 
Dr.  Emmons,  S.S.  Cicero,  N.  Y.,  1897-8. 

Enders,  Jacob  Henry,  b.  Fort  Hunter,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  19,  1834;    U.C.  58,  P.S. 
61;    ord.  as  an  Evangelist  by  Presbyt.  of  Albany,  Oct.  i,  62;    S.S.  at 
Kingsboro.  N.  Y.,  62;    Chaplain,  U.S.A.,  62-5;    Lysander,  66-9,  Chit- 
tenango,  69-80;    in  Europe,  78-9;    assoc.  pastor,  Albany  City  Mission, 
81-4,    Synodical  Miss.   Sup.   of    Partic.    Synod  of   Albany,  90-9;    died 
Oct.  6,  1901.     See  Manual  1902,  and  Min.  Gen.  Syn.  1902,  200. 
Englesman,    John,    b.    at    Uithvizermeeden,    Groningen,    Neths.,    Mar.    6, 
1864;    H.C.  94,  W.S.  98,  1.   CI.  Wis.;    Randolph   Centre,  Wis.,   1898- 
1905;    Rock  Valley,  la.,  1905-08;    Orange  City,  ist  la.,  1908—;    Prairie 
View,  Kan.,  S.S.,  1909.     Sec.  Bd.  of  Trustees,  Northwestern  Classical 
Acd. 
Publications  :    Contributions  to  the  press. 
Ennis,  Howard  Wilber,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  July  6,  1868;    R.C.  90,  U.T.S. 
90-2;   ord.  by  N.  CI.  L.  I.,  Nov.  10,  1892;    Newtown,  92-4  (Washington, 
West.   Presby.  94-7);    Williamsburg,   L.   I..   1898-1902;    dis.   1905. 
Ennis,  Jacob,  b.  in  Essex  Co.,  N.  J.,  1808;    R.C.  31,  N.B.S.  35,  1.  CI.  Ber- 
gen, Java  1836-40,  also  preaching  on  Island  Balee   1838.     In   1837  he 
made  an  exploration  into  the  interior  of  Sumatra,  barely  escaping  with 
his   life. 
He  returned  to  America  in  1840  and  was  deposed. 

He  became  a  teacher  of  physical  science,  in  which  he  attained  great  suc- 
cess.    Died  Houston,  Tex.,  Jan.  12,  1890. 

_  His  journal,  while  in  the  East  Indies,  was  published  in  "Christian  Intel- 
ligencer" in  1839.  The  "Mints,  of  Classis  of  Bergen"  contain  the  account 
of  his  deposition  in  1840.  See  confirmation  of  the  same  in  "Mints.  Gen. 
Syn.,"  1841.     "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.,  R.C,"  1890,  9. 

He  contributed  many  articles  to  scientific  journals  and  published  several 
important  works  on  such  subjects.     See  Manual,  1902. 
Enos,  Edgar  Ai.  b.  1846,  Ham.  Coll.  74,  U.S.  78,  lie.  CI.  Monmouth;    As 
bury  Park  78-9,  became  Episcopalian.     For  details  see  "U.  Sem.  Cat." 
Enyard,  Wm.  Tillotson,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  1836;    R.C.  55,  N.B.S.  58,  1.  CI.  Ber- 


THE   MINISTRY  327 

gen,    Mott    Haven    58-65,    Brooklyn,    North    65-73,    Brighton    Heights 
73-9.    Died  Ap.  26,  1880. 
Erhardt,  Fred.  C,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  Ap.  17,  i860;    Bloomfield,  N.  J.  79,  Theolog. 
School,  Bloomfield,  N.  J.,  82,  lie.  by  Presb.  of  Brooklyn   (Ger.  Presb. 
Ch.  Manchester,  N.  H.,  82-5),  Ger.  Ch.  Norfolk  St.,  N.  Y.  C.,  85-94. 

Brooklyn,    New    (Herkimer    St.),    1894 

Erickzon,   Reinhardt,  b.  in  Groningen,   Neths.,  about    1695-1700;    matricu- 
lated at  Groningen  Univ.  Aug.  28,   1714,   for  the  study  of  Literature; 
ord.  by  CI.  of  Amsterdam  Sept.  4,  1725,  for  the  churches  of  New  Bar- 
badoes   (Hackensack),  Schraalenburg  and  Paramus.     Pastor  of  Hack- 
ensack,    Paramus    and    Schraalenburgh    1725-8,    Schenectady    1728-36, 
Schoharie,  also,  1730-1,  supplied  Claverack,  1731-2,  Freehold  and  Mid- 
dletown  (Neversink),  1736-64;    d.  1771. 
His  name  is  apparently   Swedish.     In   Schenectady  he  had  many  acces- 
sions to  the  church.    On  June  18,  1734,  he  and  his  Consistory  petitioned  for 
a  charter  for  the  church  of  Schenectady.     He  was  the  first  President  of  the 
Ccetus,  and  maintained  his  relations  to  them  almost  down  to  his  death. 
He  was  of  considerable  intellectual  ability,  highly  esteemed  by  his  minis- 
terial associates,  and  influential  in  the  counsels  of  the  church.     Toward  the 
close  of  his  pastorate  in  Monmouth  County,  he  became  a  victim  to  the 
drinking  customs  of  the  day.     Charges  were  made  against  him,  his  salary 
was  withheld,  and  he  was  excluded  from  his  pulpit.     He  continued  to  live 
in  the  parsonage  for  six  years,  until  a  successor  was  called,  when  he  re- 
moved to  New  Brunswick  and  lived  with  a  daughter,  Mrs.  Van  Norden. 
He  died  soon  after.     A  portrait  of  him  was  in  possession  of   Rev.  G.  C. 
Schanck. 

Ecc.  Rec.  N.  Y.,  many  letters  or  allusions;  "Minutes  of  Coetus"  and 
"Brick  Church  Memorial"  (Marlboro'),  by  Rev.  T.  W.  Wells,  1877,  which 
contains  the  fullest  account  of  him  yet  published. 

Erler,  John,  b.  Breslau,  Germany,  Jan.  22,  1877 ;  N.B.S.  1902,  1.  by 
CI.  Bergen,  Highland,  N.  J.,  1902-03,  Cicero,  N.  Y.,  1903-04,  Easton, 
N.  Y.,  1905-07,  Pottersville,  N.  J.,  1907-10,  (Evangelical  Lutheran  Ch. 
of  St.  Stephen,  Hicksville,  L.  L,  1910 — ,  Altoona,  Pa.),  Ph.D.  Central 
Univ.  191 1. 
Evans,  Chas.  A.  Mooresville  and  Roxbury  1849-50,  Mooresville  50-3,  Clove 

53-6,  South  Bend  56-7,  Jefferson  1857-8,  w.  c. 
Evans,  C.  P.,  SS.  Wynantskill,  1881-3,  SS.  Thousand  Islands   1889-90. 
Evans,  E.,  Jamesville,  N.  Y.,  1836. 
Evans.  Wm.,   Miss,   to   Cobleskill,   Breakabin   and   Livingstonville    1826 — , 

Cicero  1836-8,  Owasco  1839-46,  w.  c.  1846-8. 
Eyermann,  J.  J.,  Schoharie  1799,  ("A  Vagabond"). 

Faber,  John  Peter,  b.  Mannheim,  Germany,  June  19,  1878.    Bloomfield  Sem. 
N.B.S.    1899.      Stuyvesant    Falls,    1899-1901;     S.S.    Auriesville,    1902; 
S.S.  Blooming  Grove.  1903-04.     Became  Physician  1905. 
Fagg,  John  Gerardus,  b.  Bethlehem,  Wis.,  Feb.  21,  i860;    H.C.  81;    N.B.S. 
85;     1.    CI.    Wisconsin;     Lawyersville   and    Cobleskill,    85-87,    Miss,    at 
Amoy,  China,  88-94,  New  Paltz,  94-95,  Middle  Collegiate  Ch.,  N.  Y.  C, 
1895-1917,  d.  May  3.     Pres.  Gen.  Syn.,  1914.     Pres.  Bd.  Foreign  Mis- 
sions 1910,  and  of  Arabian  Missions.    D.D.  Univ.  N.Y.,  1902. 
Dr.  Fagg  had  a  spiritual  passion  which  thrilled  his  hearers,  and  his  influ- 
ence was  beautifully  and  decidedly  Christian  over  all  those  who  came  near 
him.    In  all  that  he  undertook  to  do  his  work  was  unexcelled. 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1917,  258. 

Publications:  "Forty  Years  in  South  China;  or.  Life  of  Rev.  John 
Van  Neste  Talmage,"  1894.  "Life  of  St.  Paul,"  1891.  ".^Esop's  Fables," 
1891. 

Fairchild,  E.  S.,  A.  C.  and  C.N.J.  1856;  A.S.  1859  (Morrisania,  Cong.,  60-1, 
Oyster  Bay,  Presbvt.,  62-5),  Flushing,  66-71,  College  Point,  71-8,  editor 
of  "The  Flushing  times,"  78-9,  New  York  City,  6th  Ave.,  80-1886. 


328  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH   IN  AMERICA 

Farmer,  S.  F.,  Franklin  Col.,  O.,  1850,  Cannonsburg  Sem.,  Pa.,  54  (United 
Presbyt.,  Williamsburgh,  56-61,  N.  Y.  C,  Presbyt.,  28th  St.,  61-8)  ; 
Brooklyn,  East,  68-1870;    Presbyterian. 

Farr,  Jas.  McC,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  1869,  C.  N.  J.  90;  P.S.  91 ;  assist,  pastor,  48th 
St.,  N.  Y.  C,  1896. 

Farrar,  Jas.  McNall,  b.  Candor,  Pa.,  June  16,  1853;  Westminster  Coll. 
75;  P.S.  78;  ord.  U.P.  Presbyt.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  Dec.  10,  78  (Har- 
risville,  O.,  78-84,  Philadelphia,  4th,  Pa.,  84-90,  both,  Presbyt.)  ;  Brook- 
lyn, 1st,  1890-1917.  P.Em.  1917-1921.  Mahwah,  N.  J.,  1920-21,  d.  Jvine 
22,  1921. 
Dr.  Farrar  was  pastor  of  a  very  important  church  for  many  years  with 

eminent  success.     His  reputation  as  a  pastor  of   children  became  national. 

He  also  was  a  leader  in  denominational  activity.     Pres.  of  Gen.  Synod  1905. 

D.D.  by  W.C.T.  1891.    Member  B.D.M.  1900-21;    Pres.  1911-21.     LL.D. 
Publications:    "Little  Talks  to  Little  People,"  "Chats  With  Children  of 

the  Church,"  "A  Junior  Congregation." 

Faulkner,  Wm.  E.,  Wyckoff,  88-91. 

Febrile,  Domenico  N.,  b.  Caserta,  Italy,  Jan.  3,  1886.  Technical  Institute, 
Bloomfield  Sem.  1912.  Laboring  in  Italian  Mission,  Newark,  1910-19. 
1.   by   CI.   Newark,   1919.     Mt.   Olivet   Italian   Mission,   Newark,   N.   J., 

1919 

Publications:    Editor  of  "The  True  Friend,"  a  publication  in  interest  of 

Italians,  1912 

Fehrman,  Jacob,  b.  Jan.  29,  1838,  in  N.  Y.  C. ;  N.B.S.  62,  lie.  N.  CI.  L.I.; 
colleague  with  Dr.  J.  B.  Hardenbergh  in  Gouverneur  St.  Mission  for  a 
few  months;  Richmond,  S.  I.,  62-6,  Fordham,  66-9  (East  Lake  George, 
Union  Evang.  Ch.,  70-2),  High  Bridge,  1872-4;  d.  Mar.  i.  See  "Man- 
ual" of  1879. 

Fellstrum,  A.  A.  (Fellstrom).  Rec'd  from  Pres.  1910.  S.S.  Harlem  Col- 
legiate, N.  Y.  C,  1909-12.     (Elmendorf  Chapel). 

Feltch.  Jos.  H.,  1867. 

Fenn,  Francis  Richard,  b.  Toronto,  Can.,  Dec.  17,  1877.  Hillsdale  Col., 
Mich.,  1904.  Hillsdale  Sem.,  Mich.  1.  by  State  Ass.  of  Free  Will  Bap- 
tists, 1901.  (Chaplain,  Asheville  Sch.  for  Boys,  1913-14;  South  Bapt. 
Ch.,  S.I.,  N.Y.,  1915;  Instructor  Rahway  Reformatory,  1916-18)  ;  New- 
ark, Trinity,  1918 . 

Fenner,  Jas.,  1864-7. 

Ferris,  Isaac,  b.  in  N.  Y.  C,  Oct.  9,  1798;  C.C.  1816,  N.B.S.  1820,  1.  CI. 
N.B. ;  Miss,  at  Manheim,  Oppenheim,  Danube,  Osquak  and  Herkimer, 
Sept. -Dec.  20;  New  Brunswick,  21-4,  Albany,  2d,  24-36,  Market  St., 
N.  Y.  C,  36-53;  Chancellor  of  N.  Y.  University,  and  Prof.  Moral  Phil, 
and  Evid.  Rev.  Religion,  52-70,  Chancellor,  Emeritus,  1870-3;  d.  Tune 
16.  Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1822.  D.D.  by  U.C.  1833.  LL.D.  by  C.C. 
1853. 
Dr.  Ferris  obtained  an  education  only  by  dint  of  the  most  earnest  effort. 

But  his  success  speedily  received  its  reward.     He  was  an  able  preacher  and 

faithful  pastor,  but  the  chief  labor  of  his  life  was  devoted  to  N.  Y.  Univer- 
sity.    His  service  there  was  crowned  by  eminent  success  in  all  departments 

of  the  University. 

Dr.  Ferris  was  a  man  of   majestic  presence  and  pleasing  address.     His 

piety  was  deep  and  earnest.    His  labors  in  behalf  of  the  Denomination  which 

he  loved  were  neither  few  nor  small. 

See  Manual,  1902,  also  for  list  of  his  publications,  see  Manual,  1902. 

Ferris,  John  Mason  (son  of  Isaac  Ferris),  b.  Albany,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  17,  1825; 
N.Y.U.  43,  N.B.S.  49,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Tarrytown,  49-51,  Tarrytown,  2d, 
51-4,  Chicago,  2d,  54-62,  Grand  Rapids,  ist,  62-5,  Prof,  in  Holland 
Academy,  64-5,  Sec.  Bd.  For.  Missions,  65-83,  Editor  of  "Christian 
Intelligencer,"  1883-1911,  d.  Jan.  30.     D.D.  by  R.C.   1867. 


THE   MINISTRY  329 

See  Moerdyk's  "Hist,  of  Church  of  Grand  Rapids,"  page  11  ;   also  "200th 

Anniv.  of  Ch.  of  Tarrytown,"   149. 

Dr.  Ferris  served  the  Bd.  of  Foreign  Missions  in  trying  times  and  with 

marked  success.     Later  he  acted  as  treasurer  of  the  Board.     His  service 

to    the    "Christian    IiitelHgencer"    was    very    great    and    without    him    the 

paper  could  not  so  well  have  served  its  purpose.     He  was  a  man  of  keen 

intellect  and  great  energy.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  191 1,  258. 

PuBLUWTioNS :     Numerous    articles    in    "Chicago    Press"    and    "Chicago 

Tribune"  and   in  "Grand  Rapids   Eagle,"   1854-64.     "Reports  of   Board   of 

Foreign  Missions,"  1865-83.     "Hist.  Foreign  Missions"  in  "Manual  R.C.A.," 

1869,  1879.     "Address  at  200th  Anniv.  of  Ch.  of  Tarrytown,"  1897. 

Ferris,  Percy  R.,  b.  Oct.  5.  1872,  Chatham,  N.  J.,  N.  Y.  Univ.,  ord.  by  East 
N.  J.  Bapt.  Ass.  1901,  (ist  Baptist  Perth  Amboy,  N.  J.,  1900-04, 
Amenia  Baptist  Ch.  1904-08,  West  Side  Baptist  Ch.  Alt.  Vernon, 
N.  Y.,  1908-13,  supplying  churches)  Greenport,  N.  Y.,  1921 

Ferris,  Wm..  b.  1818;  lie.  by  CI.  L.  I.  1869,  East  Williamsburg  73-81. 
Died  July  18,   1883. 

Ferry,  W^m.  M.,  U.C.  1820,  N.B.S.  1820-21.  d.   1866. 

Ferwerda,  Floris,  b.  Neth.,  Jan.  29,  1871,  H.C.  1897;  N.B.S.  1900;  lie.  by 
N.B.  Palisades  1900-1905,  Hillsborough  (Millstone)  1905-12,  Presby- 
terian   1912 

Ficken,  Herman  C,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  28,  1873,  Bloomfield  Academy 
Dept. ;  N.B.S.  1898;  1.  S.  CI.  L.  I.;  Schagticoke.  1898-1902;  Lawyers- 
ville,  1902-07;  Hvde  Park,  N.  Y.,  1907-17;  St.  Johnsville,  N.  Y., 
igig: 

Ficken,  John,  b.  Mulmshom.  Germany,  Nov.  27,  1820. 

For  many  years  a  teacher  and  church  organist,  also  active  as  an  elder 

in  the  church.     Ordained  by   N.C.  of  L.   I.   1891,   City  Missiorary   1891-3. 

Canarsie,  1893-1900.    d.  Feb.  13,  1907.    See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1907,  912. 

Fiecke,  Julius,   Jersey  City   ist   German   1893-5. 

Field.  Jacob  Ten  Eyck,  b.  at  Lamington,  N.  J.,  1787 ;  C.N.J.  18—,  studied 
theology  under  Dr.  Woodhull,  of  Monmouth  (Miss,  at  and  near 
Stroudsburg,  Pa.,  1807-10;  ord.  Nov.  28,'  1810;  Presbyt.  Ch.  Flem- 
inglon,  N.  J.,  1810-1813,  Pompton  Plains,  13-15.  Pompton,  15-27, 
Totowa,  2d,  28-32 ;  Presbyt.  Died  1866. 
Publication  :    Farewell   Sermon  at  Pompton,   Ap.   3,   1827 ;    Text  Mic. 

6:3. 

Finch,  Horace  W.,  N.Y.U.  1846;    Greenport  1857-60,  w.  c.  1860-4. 

Fincher,  E.  B..  Mescalero,  N.  M.,  1909-11. 

Fingar,  Claudius  James,  b.  Germantown,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  19,  1880.  L.F.C.  1907. 
N.B.S.  1910.  1.  by  CI.  Hudson.  Blawenburg,  1910-15;  Lebanon,  N.  J., 
1915-20;    Little  Falls,  N.  J.,  ist,  1920 

Fischer,  Joseph  William,  b.  May  9,  1888,  N.  Y.  C.  Bloomfield  Col.  1912. 
Bloomfield  Sem.,  1912.  1.  by  Pres.  Newark  1912.  Valley  Stream,  N.  Y., 
I9n-i5;    Schodack,  N.  Y.,  1915-19;    Greenburgh,  N.  Y.,  1919 

Fisher,  Geo.  H.,  b.  1800;  C.C,  1821,  N.B.S.  25;  1.  CI.  N.B.;  North  Branch. 
25-3^.  Fishkill,  30-5,  Hudson,  36-41;  also  S.S.  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  38-41, 
Broome  St.,  N.  Y.,  41-55,  Utica,  55-9,  Hackensack,  2d,  64-70,  emeritus, 
d.  Nov.  23,  1872.  Pres.  Gen.  Syn.,  1849.  Trustee  Columbia,  1851-55. 
D.D.  R.C.,  1845.  Sec  Manual,  1902. 
He   stood  among  the   foremost   ministers   of   his   day   in   scholarsliip   and 

preaching  ability. 

PriM.icATiox :      "Divine    Providence     Proved    and     Illustrated."      "Nat. 

Preacher,"  1848. 

Fisher.  Isaac  M.,  C.C.  1817;  N.B.S.  1820;  1.  by  CI.  N.B.;  Bedminster, 
21-38,- Newburgh,  3S-9 ;   d.    Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1835. 

Fisher,  Jas.  Pinkerton,  b.  Londonderry,  N.H.,  1813,  U.C.  39;  U.S.  41;  S.S. 
Glcn,  N.  Y.,  1845-6.     Died  1865.     For  further  details,  see  "U.S.  Cat." 


330  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Fisher,  Orville  Earl,  b.  Pekin,  111.,  Sept.  7,  1874.  R.C.  1902.  N.B.S.  1905. 
1.  by  CI.  N.B.  Hyde  Park,  East  Orange,  1905-07;  New  Utrecht,  N.  Y., 
Ass.,  1907-10,  Pastor,  1910-18;  Chaplain  U.S.A.,  1918^ — •.  Rank  of 
Captain.     Pres.  P.S.  N.Y.  1917.     Member  Bd.  of  Education  R.C. A. 

Fitzgerald,  Thos.,  Minisink,  1879-81. 

Fletcher,  O.  M.    Gravesend,  Brooklyn,  1918 

Fletcher,  Orville  Theodore,  b.  Mt.  Pleasant,  Pa.,  Jan.  12,  1869;  Ham. 
C.  92;  lie.  by  Meth.  Epis.  Ch.  93;  U.S.  95;  lie.  by  Presbyt.  95  (Wee- 
hawken,  Presb.  94-6);  Altamont,  N.  Y.,  1896-1904;  Presbyterian, 
1904 

Flikkema,  Bernard  M.,  b.  Dec.  2,  1877,  Fulton,  111.  H.C.  and  Oberlin  C. 
1909.  W.T.S.  1912.  1.  by  CI.  Wis.  1912.  Sheboygan  Falls,  Wis.,  1912- 
17;  Classical  Missionary,  CI.  of  Pella,  1917-21  ;  Greenleafton,  Wis., 
1921 

Flikkema,  Garret,  b.  Fulton,  111.,  Dec.  21,  1868,  Univ.  of  Nebraska,  95, 
N.B.S.  98;  1.  CI.  Wisconsin;  Palmyra  and  Ontario,  98-9,  Palmyra, 
99-1902,  Muscatine,  1902-05.  Abbe  Clymer,  1905-12;  Palmyra,  N.  Y., 
1912-18;    Prairie  City,  la.,  1918 

Flipse.  Martin,  b.  Cedar  Grove,  Wis.,  July  12,  1866.  H.C.  1890;  N.B.S. 
93;  Albany  (Hoi.),  93-6,  Passaic  (Hoi.),  1896-1909,  Chicago,  Rose- 
land,    1st,    1909-14.     Holland,   3d,    1914-20,    Seattle,    Wash.,    Immanuel, 

1920 

Flipse,  Martin  Eugene,  b.  Albany,  N.  Y.,  April  22,  1895.  H.C.  1916.  N.B.S. 
1920.     1.  by  CI.  Passaic.     Montville,  N.  J.,   1920-21,  Douglaston,  L.  I., 

1921 

Florence,   E.   W.,   Owascb   Outlet,    1899-1901,    Currytown,    1902-1904.      S.S. 
Mapletown,  1903,  Philmont,  1904-06.     Dismissed  to  Presbyterian  Church 
of  Canada,  1906. 
Foering,  Christian  Frederick,  b.  1736,  in  Germany;  studied  under  Weyberg; 
lie.  and  ord.  by  the  Ger.  Coetus  in  the  spring  of  1769  ( Germantown,  Pa., 
1769-72,  call  dated   Sept.,   1771)  ;    Ger.   Ref.   N.   Y.   C,    1772-4,   Hills- 
borough  (Millstone),   1774-9;    d.  March  29.     Trustee  of  Q.C.   1771-9. 
In  his  generation  an  eminently  useful  minister.     He  was  able  to  preach 
in  German,  Dutch  and  English.     He  was  an  active  patriot  during  the  Revo- 
lution. 

See  Manual,  1902.  See  "Millstone  Centennial,"  1866,  p.  47-55;  "Helf- 
fenstein's  Ser.  at  Germantown,  Pa.,"  1867,  and  "Harbaugh's  Life  of  Schlat- 
ter," 246. 

Foertner,  Fred.  E.,  b.  Hurley,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  7,  1878.  R.C.  1902.  N.B.S. 
1905.  1.  by  CI.  Kingston.  Rochester  (Accord,  N  Y.),  1905-10;  Pomp- 
ton  Plains,  N.  J.,  1910 

Folensbee,  Bradley  Jacob,  b.  Schoharie,  N.  Y.,  May  11,  1889.  R.C.  1915. 
N.B.S.  1918.  1.  by  CI.  Schoharie.  St.  Thomas,  W.  I.,  1918 ;  Act- 
ing Chaplain  U.S.  Marines  and  Sailors,  St.  Thomas,  1918 

Folmsbee,  Garret  Jacob,  b.  South  Schodack,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  i,  1865.    R.C.  1890; 

N.B.S.  93;    l-.Cl Prospect  Hill,   N.   Y.   C,    1893-6.     Became  a 

Roman  Catholic.     Dropped  1905. 
Fonda,  Jacob  D.,  b.  1793,  at  Watervliet;   U.C.  1815;   N.B.S.  19;   1.  CI.  N.B.; 
Easton  and   Union  Village,   20-30,   Union  Village,  30-5,   Caughnawaga, 
35-42,    Linlithgo    and    Greenport,    42-7,    Schaghticoke,    47-56;     d.      See 
"Manual"  of  1879. 
Fonda,  Jesse,  b.  at  Watervliet,  April  27,  1786;    U.C.   1806,  lie.  North  Con- 
sociation, Hartford  Co.,  Ct.,  1808;    Nassau  and  Schodack,  1809-13,  New 
Brunswick,    13-17,   Montgomery,   17-27;    d.   May  2.     Elected  a  trustee 
of  Queen's  Col.,  1814.    See  "Manual"  of  1879.     See  also  "Mag.  R.D.C.," 
i,  103,  ii,  96,  225-234. 
Publications:    "Letter  of."     ("Mag.  R.D.C.,"  ii,  231-234.)      "On  Bap- 
tism," i2mo.     "Confidence  in  God  in  a  Day  of  Trouble;    a  Valedictory  Dis- 
course at  New  Brunswick,"   1817.     "Familiar  Letters  on  the   Sacraments," 
1824. 


THE   MINISTRY  331 

Fonda,  Jesse  D.    U.C.  1850.    N.B.S.  1851-4.    Lawyer,    d.  1885. 

Forbes,  Jas.  Campbell,  b.  Glasgow,  Scotland,  Feb.  19,  1869;  Glasgow  Univ. 
94,  N.B.S.  97,  1.  CI.  Westchester,  Gansevoort  97-9,  Port  Jervis,  2d, 
19CO-1906,  Middletown,  N.  J.,  1906-10,  Hawthorne,  N.  Y.,  1910-18, 
Teaching  1918 

Forbush,  Wm.  B.,  Ass.  Madison  Ave.,  N.  Y.  C.  1904-06,  dis.  to  Congre- 
gational Church  1906. 

Force,  Frank  A.,  b.  Woolcot,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  24,  1850;  H.C.  76,  N.B.S.  80, 
1.  CI.  Michigan,  Woodstock  80-2,  Manito  and  Spring  Lake  82-6  (El- 
mira  and  Fife  Lake,  Mich.,  86-91),  Gallupville,  91-5,  Owasco  Outlet, 
95-8,  Courtlandtown,  1 890-1 903  ;  Bloomingdale  and  St.  Remy  1904-09; 
Galaltin,  N.  Y.,  1910-17.  D.  Nov.  17,  1920.  See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.  1921, 
634. 

Force,  Jas.  G.,  b.  1767;  C.N.J.  1794;  SS.  at  Walpeck,  1808-11  ;  Reed,  from 
Presbyt.  of  Jersey,  181 1;  Walpeck  and  Hardwick,  11-16;  Walpeck, 
16-27  (also  supplied  at  times  Smithheld,  N.  J.,  Presbyt.)  ;  d.  1851. 
See  "Manual,"  1879;    also  "Mills  Hist.  Dies.,"  1874. 

Ford,  Herbert,  b.  Norwich,  Eng.,  Feb.  9,  i860;  U.S.  90;  SS.  East  WiU- 
iamsburgh,   1890-1.     For  details,  see  "U.S.  Cat." 

Ford,  Wm.  H.,  b.  Lebanon,  N.  Y..  1848;  U.S.,  1873;  Northumberland  and 
Fort  Miller,  75-7,  Northumberland,  77-80  (Presbyt.;  New  Soctland, 
N.  Y.,  80-2,  Matawan,  N.  J.,  82-3);  Brooklyn,  Middle,  83-7;  Bush- 
wick,  87-91    (Presbyterian). 

Forsyth,  Jas.  C,  Farmer  Village,  1870-5;  Montgomery  Presby.,  1875-98; 
d. 

Forsyth,  John,  b.  1811,  at  Newburgh,  N.  Y. ;  R.C.,  29;  University  of  Edin- 
burgh; studied  theology  under  Dr.  Chalmers;  Philadelphia.  2d,  Assoc. 
Ref.  Ch.  35-7,  Newburgh,  Union  Ch.  37-47;  also  Assoc.  Prof.  Bib.  Lit. 
in  Theolog.  Sem.  Assoc.  Ref.  Ch.,  Newburgh,  37-47;  Prof,  of  Latin  in 
C.N.J.,  47-53;  Prof.  Bib.  Lit.  and  Ecc.  Hist,  Newburgh,  53-60;  Prof. 
Eng.  Lang,  and  Lit.  in  Rutgers  Coll.,  60-3;  Prof.  Moral  Philosophy 
and  Chaplain  at  West  Point.  71-81  ;  placed  on  the  retired  list  of  the 
Army.  Died  1886,  Oct.  17,  D.D.  by  R.C.  1842.  See  Manual,  1902,  for 
Sketch  and  list  of  his  numerous  publications. 

Fort,  Ab.,  b.  at  Schaghticoke,  1790;  U.C.  1810,  studied  under  Froeligh,  and 
N.B.S.  1821,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1821  ;  Westerlo,  1822-30.  Westerlo,  Union, 
Salem  and  Coeymans,  1830-1,  Salem  and  Union,  1831-6,  Esopus,  1836- 
53.  w.  c.  1853-60,  d.  Had  charge  also  of  Wiltwyck  Chapel,  1854-60. 
See  "Manual"  of  1879. 

Fortuin,  Foppe,  b.  Heeg,  Neths*.,  Sept.  10,  1853;  Zetten  College,  Neths.  TZ, 
Utrecht  Univ.  78;  lie.  by  Hervormde  Kerk,  July  21,  78;  Gerefor- 
meerde  Kerken,  Jan.  29,  87,  in.  the  Neths. ;  Christian  Refd.  Ch.  in 
America,  Mar.  i,  98;  in  Ref.  Ch.  in  A.,  Feb.  27,  1901.  Pastor,  Brunisse, 
Heeg,  78-81,  Barendrecht,  Hilversum,  84-91  ;  (Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  Ch. 
Refd.  98-1901).  Middleburg,  la.  (Ch.  of  Free  Grace),  1901-1903. 
Publications  :    "Sermons  in  Dutch."     "Het  Ontstaan,  de  Erkenning  en 

het  Gezag  der  Drie  Formulieren  van  Eenigheid." 

Foster,  John  W.,  b.  Glossop,  England,  1867,  N.B.S.  1897;  Ponds  (Oak- 
land, N.  J.),  1897-1900,  Schodack  Landing,  N.  Y.,  1900-02.  Became 
Episcopalian ;  A.B.  Providence  Univ.,  Ohio,  1904,  D.D.  Providence 
Univ.,  Ohio.   1905. 

Fowler,  Wm.  Coutant,  b.  Newburgh,  N.  Y.,  1839,  U.S.  70,  (Methodist)  ; 
ord.  CI.  Rensselaer  74,  Stuvvesant  Falls  74-80.  For  other  details,  see 
"U.  S.  Cat." 

Fox,  Valentine  Radiger,  c.  from  Germany,  Germantown,  N.  Y.,  1802-24, 
retr.   ,to   Germany. 

Francis,  Lewis,  b.  at  Royalton,  Vt.,  Sept.  14,  1836;  Univ.  Vt.  1856,  A.S. 
60,  lie.  Suffolk  South  Assoc.  Mass.  Mar.  6,  60;  ord.  by  Cong.  Council, 
Feb.  18,  63;    (Colchester,  Vt.,  60-4,  Castleton,  Vt.,  64-72,  both  Cong.)  ; 


332  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Greenpoint,  1873-1904;  P.Em.,  1904-1921  ;  d.  Nov.  2.   D.D.  by  R.C.,  189S. 
He  did  a  great  work  in  the  Greenpoint  Church  and  was  a  valiant  worker 
for  the  Master. 

Publications  :  "Centennial  Add.  of  Cong.  Ch.,  Castleton,  Vt."  "Hist. 
Sermon  at  Greenpoint,  N.  Y." 

Francisco,  WelHngton  P.,  b.  Caldwell,  N.  J.,  June  i,  1875.  R.C.  1899. 
N.B.S.    1902.      Accord,    1902-04    (West    Orange,    Presbyterian    Chape!,. 

1905-09;    Richfield  Springs.,  Pres.  ist,  1909 

Franzen,  Herbert  L.  Norfolk  St.,  N.  Y.  C,  1894-5.  Bayonne,  3d,  1898-1903. 
(Congregational,  Little  Falls,  1903-11);  Bayonne,  3d,  1911-21  ;  Trav- 
eling in  Europe,  1921 

Frazee,  J.  Hatfield,  b.  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  Feb.  28,  1829.  R.C.  (1848). 
Lawyer.  N.B.S.  (i860),  Miss,  to  Zion,  Pisgah,  and  Good  Hope,  Miss. 
60-1,  (Toms  River,  N.  J.,  Presbyt.  61-6,  also  Chap.  3d  N.  J.  Cavalry, 
one  year),  Bloomingburgh  and  S.S.  Mamakating,  66-9,  (Presbyterian), 
d.  Sept.  29,  1917.  D.D.  Univ.  Tennessee,  1890. 
Frazer,  Alexander  Dyce  Davidson,  b.  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  Ap.  26,  i86c; 
U.S.    94,    ord.    CI.    Westchester;     S.S.    Belmont,    94-s,    Amoy,    China, 

1895 

Frazer,  Thomas,  b.  in  Scotland,   1791,  and  ordained  there,   S.S.  at  Helder- 
bergh,  1834-5,  pastor  35-38,   Sharon,  38-40,  Currytown  and  Mapletown, 
40-43.     Died  in  Montreal,   18S4. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Freeh,  Henry,  Jamaica,  2d    (Ger.),   1881-5,  Point   Rock,  W^est  Levden,  85- 

1887. 

Frederick,  R.     M.E.  Church.     S.S.  Highwood,  N.  J.,  1913-15. 

Freeman,   Bernardus,  b.  in  Westphalia,   1662;   lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.   Lingen, 

in  Westphalia,  for  service  at  Albany;  c.  to  America,  1700;    rejected  by 

the  church  of  Albany;    Schenectady,  and  Miss,  to  the  Mohawks,  1700-5, 

New  Utrecht,   Bushwick,   Flatbush,  and   Brooklyn    (under   Lcense  from 

Lord  Cornbury,  Dec.  26,  1705),  1705-41;   emeritus;   d.  1743. 

He  was  a  Westphalian  tailor.     In  1699,  when  New  York  wanted  another 

minister  among  several  candidates.  Freeman  also  appeared,  but  the  Classis 

did  not  think  his  education  was   suflicient   for  so  responsible  a   field.     His 

natural  talents,  however,  were  remarkable.     About  the  same  time  with  the 

return  of   Dellius  to   Europe,   the   church  of   Albany   wrote   to   the   Classis 

either  to  send  him  back,  or  to  find  another  in  his  place.     Albany  also  wrote 

to  Van  Schaick  and  Banckert  to  try  and  secure  them  a  pastor.     The  Classis 

soon  found  a  man  in  Lydius  for  the  church,  of  Albany,  but  Banckert  acted 

independently,    and    secured    ordination,    through    personal    influence,     for 

Freeman,   from  a  Classis  outside  the  Netherlands,  as  above  indicated,  and 

shipped  him  to  America  without  the  knowledge  of  Dellius  or  the  Classis  of 

Amsterdam,  and  before  they  had  got   Lydius  ready   for  his  departure   for 

Albany.      The    Classis    soon    learned    these    facts,    and    sent    letters    to    the 

churches  in  America  warning  them  against   Freeman.    But  it   so  happened 

that  Lydius,  though  starting  later,  arrived  at   Albany  first.     Freeman  was 

also  ihtending  to  get  letters  from  England  to  Lord  Bellomont  to  favor  his 

cause.     But  Bellomont  endorsed  the  action  of  the  Consistory,  who  adhered 

to  Lydius. 

Schenectady  then  called  Freeman,  and  for  a  while  he  and  that  church 
were  virtually  independent  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  Many  letters  were 
written,  and  the  Classis  offered  to  ratify  Freeman's  call  and  office,  as  the 
churches  sadly  needed  pastors,  if  he  would  place  himself  under  their  care. 
On  Oct.  2"],  1701,  the  Consistory  of  Schenectady  petitioned  for  the  privilege 
of  collecting  money  in  Albany  and  elsewhere  to  build  a  church.  In  the 
meantime  Freeman  was  very  useful  among  the  Indians.  On  Aug.  21,  170G, 
he  was  appointed  minister  to  the  Five  Nations,  near  Albany,  by  Governor 
Bellomont,  at  a  salary  of  i6o.  During  the  first  year  he  received  of  this 
only  i\o.     In  1701  this  salary  was  raised  to  £75.     In  1703  it  is  reported  to 


THE    MINISTRY  333 

have  been  paid  irregularly.  He  acquired  more  skill  in  the  language  of  the 
Mohawk  Indians  than  any  Dutch  minister  that  had  been  in  the  countrj-,  not 
even  excepting  Dellius.  He  translated  a  great  part  of  the  English  Liturgy 
into  the  Indian  tongue,  in  particular  the  morning  and  evening  prayer,  the 
litany,  the  creed  of  Athanasius,  besides  several  places  of  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments.  He  represented  tliat  the  litany  mightily  affected  them,  says 
Rev.  Thos.  Barclay,  of  the  luiglish  Church.  He  adds ;  "He  is  a  gentleman 
of  a  good  temper,  and  well  affected  to  our  church;  and,  if  there  were  a 
bishop  in  this  part  of  the  world,  would  be  persuaded  to  take  Episcopal 
ordination.  I  often  entreat  him  to  go  over  to  England;  but  he  is  afraid  of 
the  danger  of  the  voyage,  and  his  wife  will  not  consent  to  live  among  the 
Indians.  He  has  promised  to  give  me  his  manuscripts,  and  what  he  has 
done  into  the  Indian  tongue." 

In  1705  he  allowed  himself  to  be  used  as  a  tool,  and  accepted  of  a  civil 
license  from  Governor  Cornbury  (Dec.  26,  1705)  to  officiate  in  the  churches 
on  Long  Island,  after  he  had  already  declined  a  call  from  them.  This 
usurpation  of  the  Governor  in  ecclesiastical  matters  was  part  of  his  set- 
tled policy  to  gain  control  over  the  Dutch  churches,  and  ultimately  to 
establish  Episcopacy,  if  possible.  In  the  meantime  a  party  in  the  churches 
on  Long  Island  had  called,  through  the  Classis,  Antonides.  This  was  the 
beginning  of  troubles  on  Long  Island  which  lasted  for  very  many  years 
The  Classis  greatly  feared  that  it  would  be  the  occasion  of  the  complete 
loss  of  ecclesiastical  independence  by  the  Dutch  churches.  The  Classis  fre- 
quently refers  in  this  correspondence  to  an  American  Classis,  but  says  it 
must  be  yet  far  in  the  future. 

Antonides  was  obliged  to  get  out  a  civil  license  in  self-defense. 

Domine  Du  Bois,  of  New  York,  consented  to  install  Freeman  over  the 
church  of  New  Utrecht  alone,  but  Freeman  had  a  private  understanding 
with  factions  in  the  other  churches.  At  length  both  pastors  were  accepted 
by  both  parties  after  a  fashion,  and  matters  became  somewhat  more  Chris- 
tian. 

See  "Doc.  Hist.,"  iii,  89-115,  425,  541,  698,  iv,  413;  "Col.  Hist.,"  iv,  ^zj, 
'^ii,  835,  1 163;  "Prince's  L.  I.,"  326-7;  "Anderson's  Annals  of  Col.  Ch.," 
iii,  416,  425;    "Sutphen's  Disc,"  15;    Ecc.  Rec.  N.  Y.,  many  letters. 

Publications:  "The  English  Liturgy"  (in  part)  translated  into  the 
tongue  of  the  Mohawk  Indians,  with  selection  from  Scripture,  1705.  (See 
"Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.,"  iii,  541,  598;  "Anderson's  Annals  of  Col.  Ch.")  Ten 
years  later  we  find  the  following  publication,  viz. :  "The  Morning  and 
Evening  Prayer,  the  Litany,  Church  Catechism,  Family  Prayers,  and  sev- 
eral Chai)ters  of  the  Old  and  New  Testament,  translated  into  the  Mahague 
(Mohawk)  Language  by  Lawrence  Claesse,  interpreter  to  Wm.  Andrews, 
Missionary  to  the  Indians  from  the  Hon.  and  Rev.  Society  for  the  Propa- 
gation of  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts."  Printed  by  W.  Bradford,  N.  Y., 
1715.  4to.  Titles  (one  in  Mohawk),  2  pp.,  115  pp.,  21  pp.  (Hon.  Henry 
C.  Murphy  owned  a  copy  of  this  rare  work.)  (See  "Miiller's  Amsterdam 
Catalogue,"  1872,  No.  368.)  Nevertheless,  we  read  ("Doc.  Hist.  N.  Y.," 
iii,  698)  that  in  1763  and  1766  there  was  an  attempt  made  to  have  a  trans- 
lation of  the  "Book  of  Common  Prayer"  (prepared  by  ^lessrs.  Andrews, 
Barclay,  and  (^gilvie,  Episcopal  ministers  in  New  York  and  Albany)  printed 
in  New  York,  by  Weyman,  in  the  Mohawk  language.  But  the  difficulties 
were  insurmountable.  Weyman  died  a  l)ankrupt  when  he  had  reached  the 
seventy-fourth  page.  The  work  passed  then  (1771)  into  the  hands  of 
Hugh  Gaine,  when  400  or  500  copies,  it  is  said,  were  printed.  In  1839  there 
was  published  in  New  York  "Ne  Kaghyadonghseva  ne  Isaiah,"  or  Isaiah 
in  Mohawk,  8vo.  Was  any  of  this  work  from  Freeman's  MSS.?  (See 
"Dix's  Trinity  Ch.,"  page  241,  and  note.  He  is  hardly  correct.)  (See 
"Miiller's  Catalogue,"  1872,  No.  1008.)  "De  Spizel  der  Sclf-Kennis"  (or 
"The  Mirror  of  Self-Knowledge").  "Moral  Precepts."  Translated  from 
the   Ancient   Philosophers.     i8mo,   pp.   202;     1720.     "Dc   Weegschaale   der 


334  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN  AMERICA 

Genade  Gods."  "Wegende  het  genaden  en  verbroken  Werknerbond, 
begrepen  in  de  verklaringe  wer,"  Rom.  4:8  de  12.  "Geloofs  artikelen,  de 
10  Geboden,  bet  gebed  des  Heeren,  en  dertig  Predicatien."  "Bedienaar 
des  Godlyken  Woords  tot  Midwoud,  in  Nieuw  Jork,  eertyds  Nieuw  Neder- 
land  t'Amsterdam,"  1721.  Small  4to,  pp.  578.  With  portrait.  (Or,  "The 
Balances  of  God's  Grace."  Thirty  Sermons.)  "Verdegiging,"  (or  "His 
Defense  Against  the  Church  of  Raritan").  i8mo,  pp.  126;  1726.  This 
was  reviewed  by  Classis,  Dec.  i,  1726.  In  reference  to  his  Mohawk  "Com- 
mon Prayer,"  the  "Christian  Intelligencer"  has  the  following,  July  13,  1881 : 
"The  'Common  Prayer,'  translated  into  the  Mohawk  language  for  the  use 
of  the  Indians  in  the  vicinity  of  New  York,  and  printed  at  New  York  in 
1715,  is  one  of  the  rarest  books  in  the  class  of  American  linguistics.  When 
the  third  edition  was  published  in  1787  it  was  stated  that  very  few  copies 
had  survived  the  War  of  Independence,  in  which  the  Mohawk  tribes,  having 
joined  the  Royal  cause  against  that  of  the  States,  suffered  severely,  and 
were  expatriated  to  Canada.  It  was,  therefore,  an  event  of  some  biblio- 
graphical importance  when  a  copy  turned  up  in  a  sale  at  Puttick  &  Simp- 
son's auction  rooms  in  New  York.  Mr.  Quaritch  was  the  purchaser." 
Freer,  Harris  A.,  b.  Kingston,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  25,  i860;  N.B.S.  1898,  1.  by  CI. 
Kingston,  Buskirk,  1898-1902,  East  Greenbush  1902-12,  North  Hacken- 

sack,  1912-18,  Philadelphia,  ist,  1918 .     S.C.  Bergen  CI.  1914-18,  Bd. 

Supt.  N.B.S.  1921. 
Frese,  A.  P.,  Germantown,  N.  Y.,   1849-50,  Blue  Mountain,  72-4   (1876  to 

Presbyt.  of  Columbia). 
Frelinghuysen,  Ferdinandus  (s.  of  T.  J.  Frelinghuysen)  ;    Univer.  Utrecht, 
1752,  lie.  CI.  Utrecht,  June  7,   1752;    ord.   by  CI.   Amsterdam,  July  3, 
1752;    called  to  Kinderhook,  but  died  on  passage  over,  1753,  of  small- 
pox, as  did  also  Jacobus,  his  brother.     Ecc.  Rec.  N.  Y. 
Frelinghuysen,  Henricus   (s.  of  T.  J.  Frelinghuysen)  ;    studied  under  Dor- 
sius  and  Goetschius  ;    lie.  by  the  American  Classis,  1754 ;    Wawarsing, 
Rochester,  and  Marbletown,  supplied,  1754-7,  pastor,  1757,  d. 
He  was  called  to  take  the  place  of  his  brother  Jacobus  who  had  died 
at   sea.     It  was  long  before  he  could   secure  ordination,   and   he   died   of 
small  pox  two  weeks  later.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Frelinghuysen,  Jacobus    (Eng.  James),   C.N.J.   1750    (s.   of   T.  J.   Freling- 
huysen), studied  under  Goetschius,  University  Utrecht,   1752;    lie.  by 
CI.  of  Utrecht,  in   Holland,  June  7,    1752,  ord.   CI.   Amsterdam,  July 
3,  1752;   sailed  for  America,  Ap.  1753;   called  to  Warwarsing,  Roches- 
ter, and  Marbletown,  but  died  on  the  passage  over  1753. 
Frelinghuysen,  John,  b.  1727,  at  Three-Mile  Run   (s.  of  T.  J.  Frelinghuy- 
sen) ;    1.  CI.  Amsterdam,  1749;    Raritan,  Sourland,  Six-Mile  Run,  Ne- 
Shanic,  and  North  Branch,  1750-4,  d. 
He  succeeded  his   father  and  was  very  successful  but  died  in  his  early 
prime.     See   Manual,   1902. 

Frelinghuysen,  Theodorus  (s.  of  T.  J.  Frelinghuysen)  ;  baptized  May  26, 
1723,  studied  under  J.  H.  Goetschius  ;  lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.  Amsterdam, 
1745;  Albany,  1745-59,  also  supplied  Schaghticoke.  Died  about  1761. 
The  death  of  his  brothers  returning  from  Holland  and  his  own  tedious 
experience  of  seafaring  made  him  a  warm  advocate  of  American  eccle- 
siastical independence.  But  he  was  long  hampered  by  his  church  at  Al- 
bany, which  opposed  him  in  this  matter.  Hence  he  never  attended  the 
meetings  of  the  Coetus,  until  Ritzema  and  others  attempted  to  secure  a 
Dutch  Professorship  of  Divinity  in  Kings  College.  Then  he  broke  through 
all  restranit,  and  traversed  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  Church  in  the 
midst  of  winter  (January,  1755),  and  procured  signers  in  favor  of  an 
American  Classis,  and  a  University  for  the  Dutch  alone,  in  opposition  to- 
the  Episcopal  College.  He  then  returned  home  and  awaited  the  opening 
of  the  spring.  In  April,  1755,  a  committee,  which  had  been  appointed  for 
the  purpose,  was  to  meeet  in  New  York,  and  examine  the  answers  of  the 


THE   MINISTRY  335 

churches  concerning  an  American  Classis.  But  in  the  meantime  most  of 
the  members  of  this  committee  had  become  involved  in  the  matter  of  a 
Dutch  professorship  in  Kings  College,  and  they,  therefore,  did  nothing  in 
the  matter  of  canvassing  the  opinions  of  the  churches. 

Frelinghuysen,  therefore,  took  upon  himself  the  responsibility  of  calling 
a  meeting  of  Coetus  for  May  30,  1755.  The  friends  of  ecclesiastical  inde- 
pendence came  together,  organized  an  American  Classis,  licensed  Henry 
Frelinghuysen,  censured  certain  ministers,  and  formally  appointed  Theodore 
Frelinghuysen  to  go  to  Holland  and  collect  funds  for  a  university,  even  as 
Schlatter  had  collected  £32,000  in  Holland  and  England  for  educational  pur- 
poses among  the  Germans  in  Pennsylvania.  He  did  not  at  once  start,  but 
waited  more  than  four  years.  In  the  meantime  successive  meetings  of  the 
American  Classis  were  held,  and  Hardenberg,  Van  Nist,  Barcolo,  and  J.  M. 
Goetschius  were  inducted  into  the  ministry.  Ritzema  and  his  friends  were 
deceived  by  the  English  about  the  professorship  for  the  Dutch  in  Kings 
College,  and  the  charter  was  passed  without  such  a  provision ;  but  a  few 
months  later,  alarmed  at  the  possibility  of  a  separate  Dutch  institution,  an 
amendment  was  made  to  the  charter,  upon  Ritzema's  personal  application, 
granting  such  a  professorship.  But  the  original  Dutch  friends  of  the  meas- 
ure were  now  angry  at  the  English  duplicity,  and  the  church  of  New  York 
censured  Ritzema  for  securing  the  amendment.  Ritzema  and  his  friends 
never  attended  the  meetings  of  the  American  Classis,  but  for  the  next  eight 
years  sent  letters  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  denouncing  the  operations  of 
the  American  Classis.  Thus  openly  began  the  Coetus  and  Conferentie  dif- 
ficulty, which  lasted  sixteen  years. 

Frelinghuysen  was  not  successful  in  his  mission  to  Holland,  and  was 
drowned  on  his  return  voyage.  His  plans,  however,  found  fulfillment  when 
Queen's  (Rutgers)  College  was  chartered.  See  Manual,  1902.  Ecc.  Rec. 
N.  Y.,  etc. 

Publications:  "A  Catechism,"  1748.  Second  edition,  1752?  (See 
"Minutes  of  Coetus,  XLHI, 'Frelinghuysen's  Sermons,"  p.  11.  On  account 
of  the  scarcity  of  appropriate  books  in  America,  this  catechism  was  com- 
posed, the  fundamental  truth  assumed  in  which  is  "that  I  am,  and  am  a 
rational  being."  It  is  pervaded  by  a  peculiar  force  of  demonstration,  but 
is  not  thought  to  be  sufficiently  explicit  on  original  sin).  Funeral  Sermon 
of  his  brother  Henricus,  1757.  (See  "Coetus,  XCIX,  CII,  Frelinghuysen's 
Sermons,"  p.   10). 

Frelinghuysen,  Theodore  Jacobus,  b.  1691,  in  Wolfenbuettel,  East  Fries- 
land;  lie.  1717  (Embden,  Holland,  1717-19)  ;  Raritan,  New  Bruns- 
wick, Six-AIile  Run,  Three-Mile  Run,  North  Branch,  1720-47,  d.  Al- 
so Sourland,  1729-47,  and  N.  and  S.  Hampton,   Pa.,  occasionally. 

He  was  the  first  minister  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  Central  New  Jer- 
sey. Divine  Providence  committed  to  this  remarkable  man  the  important 
work  of  sowing  the  seed  of  truth  and  righteousness  in  a  soil  which  has 
yielded,  under  subsequent  cultivation,  the  most  abundant  harvest.  Such 
was  the  influence  that  he  exerted  throughout  the  whole  denomination,  as 
well  as  in  the  field  of  his  special  labors,  that  the  church  is  called  to  cherish 
his  memory  with  warmest  gratitude. 

Very  little  information  in  reference  to  this  pioneer  of  the  Gospel  min- 
istry in  this  section  of  the  church  has  been  transmitted  to  us.  His  parents 
were  of  considerable  reputation  in  their  own  country;  and,  among  his 
relatives,  an  uncle,  Henricus,  is  known  to  have  been  an  able  and  successflul 
minister.  Of  his  early  life,  and  the  circumstances  of  his  conversion,  noth- 
ing is  known.  His  theological  education  was  thorough,  having  enjoyed  the 
advantages- of  a  full  course  of  study,  at  a  time  when  the  science  of  theology 
and  true  piety  in  Holland  were  in  a  highly  prosperous  condition.  That 
he  was  a  man  of  considerable  literary  culture  is  evident  from  his  call  to 
assume  the  rectorship  of  an  academy  in  the  town  of  Embden,  as  well  as 
from  the  proofs   furnished  in  his   published  discourses.     He   entered  the 


336  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

ministry  at  the  age  of  twenty-six,  and  for  about  two  years  was  the 
pastor  of  a  church  in  his  native  country.  The  circumstance  of  his  selection 
for  the  important  mission  to  this  country  was  always  regarded  by  him  as 
a  special  call  from  God.  A  pious  elder  entertained  a  young  traveler  on  his 
way  through  the  town  to  Embden.  During  the  evening  he  was  so  well 
pleased  with  the  spirituality  of  his  conversation,  and  his  eminent  gifts, 
especially  in  prayer  during  family  worship,  that  he  immediately  informed 
his  pastor,  who  had  interested  himself  in  procuring  an  evangelical  mission- 
ary for  the  new  settlements  on  the  Raritan,  "I  have  found  a  man  to  go  to 
America."  Accordingly,  after  careful  deliberation,  the  call  was  accepted, 
and  he  emigrated   to   this   country. 

The  field  of  his  pastorate  was  extensive  and  wild  and  the  people  matched 
their  surroundings. 

But  he  was  a  man  equal  to  the  times,  and  with  great  facility  adapted 
himself  to  the  circumstances  in  which  he  was  placed.  He  had  great  energy 
of  charatcer,  was  remarkable  for  his  fearlessness  and  independence  of 
spirit,  and  would  "sooner  die  a  thousand  deaths,"  as  he  expressed  it, 
"than  not  preach  the  truth."  From  the  sermons  which  have  been  pre- 
served, we  gather  that  he  was  a  warm,  earnest  minister,  dwelling  princi- 
pally upon  the  doctrine  of  the  new  birth,  and  having  a  dreadful  antipathy 
to  all  manner  of  formalism.  Indeed,  his  preaching  was  so  direct  and  per- 
sonal, and  at  the  same  time  of  such  an  evangelical  character,  that  the  peo- 
ple almost  immediately  raised  against  him  a  violent  opposition.  He  was 
charged  with  preaching  .doctrines  contrary  to  the  standards  of  the  church, 
and  introducing  customs  which  were  subversive  of  her  system  of  govern- 
ment. This  controversy  was  opened  almost  at  the  commencement  of  his 
ministry,  and  it  was  carried  on  for  several  years  with  a  spirit  of  bitter 
persecution.  Indeed,  in  some  portions  of  the  field,  it  seems  to  have  dis-' 
turbed  the  peace  of  the  church  during  his  whole  life. 

Air.  Frelinghuysen  met  all  opposition  in  the  spirit  of  a  true  minister 
of  the  Gospel.     In  spite  of  occasional  errors  his  ministry  was  successful. 

In  order  to  meet  the  growing  wants  of  his  extensive  charge,  Mr.  Freling- 
huysen resorted  to  the  expedient  of  appointing  "helpers,"  after  the  manner 
of  the  apostles.  Men  who  were  gifted  in  exhortation  and  prayer,  and  who 
had  commended  themselves,  by  their  godly  lives,  to  the  people,  were  se- 
lected, under  the  sanction  of  the  Consistory,  to  hold  neighborhood  services, 
to  visit  the  sick,  to  direct  the  inquiring,  and  to  be  generally  useful  in  the 
congregation.  The  tradition  is  that  these  men  became  extensively  useful, 
and  while  the  measure  was  a  novelty  in  the  Dutch  Church,  yet  it  tended 
greatly  to  the  prosperity  of  the  church.  These  extraordinary  officers  held 
their  positions  during  life;  and  one  of  the  number,  Hendrick  Fisher,  an 
elder  in  the  church  of  New  Brunswick,  subsequently  a  distinguished  Revo- 
lutionary patriot,  became  a  lay  preacher  and  catechist,  and  some  of  his  pub- 
lished discourses  are  still  in  existence. 

Mr.  Frelinghuysen  was  accustomed  to  receive  into  his  family  young  men 
of  piety,  and  train  them  up  for  the  Gospel  ministry.  How  many  availed 
themselves  of  this  advantage  is  not  known ;  but  among  the  number  we  find 
the  names  of  Rev.  Samuel  Verbryck,  Rev.  John  H.  Goetschius,  and  Rev. 
Thomas  Romeyn.  He  was  an  early  advocate  for  the  establishment  of  an 
ecclesiastical  judicatory  in  this  country,  with  more  enlarged  powers  than 
had  hitherto  been  granted  by  the  church  in  Holland.  As  a  member  of  the 
first  convention  held  in  New  York,  he  was  an  efficient  supporter  of  that  new 
plan  which  was  there  originated,  and  which  resulted  in  the  independence  of 
our  church  in  America.  It  is  said  that  such  was  his  zeal  and  foresight,  that 
the  plan  of  a  college  and  seminary  was  first  suggested  by  him,  to  provide  a 
well-educated  ministry. 

Concerning  the  events  that  transpired  during  the  latter  part  of  Mr.  Fre- 
linghuysen's  life,  few  records  have  been  preserved.  It  is  known  that  he 
was    frequently   prostrated  by   sickness,   the   ef?ect,   no   doubt,   of   excessive 


THE   MINISTRY  337 

labor;  and  that  he  enjoyed  a  large  ingathering  into  the  church — a  most 
cheering  evidence  of  divine  favor,  and  a  great  encouragement  to  that  noble 
minister,  who  had  now  triumphed  over  all  opposition,  and  whose  work  was 
thus  crowned  with  God's  approl)ation. 

The  date  of  his  death  is  not  known,  although  there  is  reason  to  believe 
that  the  event  occurred  about  the  commencement  of  the  year  1748,  when 
he  had  not  yet  reached  his  fifty-seventh  year.  Nor  is  the  place  of  his 
burial  definitely  ascertained.  The  tradition  is  that  his  body  rests  in  the  old 
yard  of  the  Six-Mile  Rim  Church.  The  aged  remembered  that  their  parents 
pointed  to  the  spot  as  the  resting-place  of  a  "great  man."  Is  it  not  a  strik- 
ing fact  that  the  distinguished  minister  who  first  broke  ground  for  the 
Gospel  in  central  New  Jersey  lies  in  an  unknown  grave?  But  if  no  monu- 
ment marks  his  grave,  his  memory  is  preserved  among  the  greatest  lights 
of  our  Zion.  The  character  of  his  mind  is  sufficiently  indicated  by  his  pub- 
lished discourses;  his  success,  by  the  ingatherings  which  he  enjoyed,  the 
foundations  which  he  laid,  and  the  seed  which  he  planted ;  and  his  piety,  by 
the  savor  which  yet  breathes  from  his  memory.  When  such  eminent  men 
as  Gilbert  Tennent,  George  Whitefield,  and  President  Edw'ards  speak  of 
him  as  one  of  the  great  divines  of  the  American  Church,  we  freely  accord 
to  him  the  distinguished  position  which  he  occupies. 

The  "Klagte,"  or  Complaint  against  him,  has  been  translated  by  Rev. 
M.  G.  Hansen,  and  is  in  the  archives  of  Synod.  See  extract  from  letter 
of  the  Complainants,  under  date  of  Nov.  2,  1725.  In  letter  of  June,  1726 
("Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y."),  there  is  a  very  full  resume  of  it. 

Many  letters  in  "Ecc.  Rec.  N.  Y.".  Sketch  of  his  life  by  Rev.  Wm.  Dem- 
arest.  in  Introd.  to  "Frelinghuysen's  Sermons,"  1856.  "Gunn's  Livingstone," 
ed.  1856,  p.  359.  "Messler's  Memorial  Sermons  and  Hist.  Notes,"  1873. 
"Steele's  Hist.  Disc."  1867.  "Corwsn's  Millstone  Centennial,"  1866.  "Ter- 
centenary Monument,"  528. 

See  Manual,  1902. 

PuBLic.xTioNS :  Three  Sermons  (in  Dutch).  New  York:  1721.  Two 
Sermons  (in  Dutch).  New  York:  1729.  These  two  lots  of  sermons  were 
translated  into  English  and  published  by  Hendrick  Fisher,  in  173c.  Ten 
Serm.ons  (in  Dutch).  New  York:  1733.  Second  edition,  published  in 
Holland,  under  approval,  and  with  the  commendation  of  the  Theological 
Faculty  of  the  University  of  Groningen,  who  called  them  "the  noble  fruit 
brought  from  the  New  World  to  their  Doors,"  1736.  Tw^o  Sermons  (in 
Dutch)  as  an  improvement  of  an  earthquake  felt  in  New  Jersey,  Dec.  7, 
'^IZl-  Utrecht:  1738.  Four  Sermons  (in  Dutch).  Philadelphia:  about 
1745.  (These  five  lots  of  sermons  were  translated  into  English  by  Rev. 
Wm.  Demarest,  and  published  by  the  Board  of  Publication  R.D.C.  in  1856, 
i2mo,  pp.  422;  with  an  Introduction  by  Dr.  Thomas  De  Witt,  and  a  Bio- 
graphical Sketch  by  Rev.  Wm.  Demarest.)  An  Answer  to  the  "Klagte," 
or  Complaint  against  him  (see  Boel),  is  said  to  have  been  published  by 
him  about  1727  or  1728.  Where  can  a  copy  be  found?  (Boel,  Freeman, 
Van  Saxtvoord,  Demarest,  Wm.  Messler,  Steele,  R.H.,  and  Freeman's 
Defence.) 

French,  see  Funck  and  Vonck. 
French,  John  W.,  St.  John's,  Hoboken,  i8yi. 
French,   Lawrence   Henry,  b.   April  4,   1895,   North   Plainfield,   N.   J.     R.C. 

1917.     N.B.S.  1920.     1.  by  CI.  Newark.     Hurley,  N.  Y.,  1920 

Frerichs,   John   B.,   b.    Nov.   28,    1888.    Holland,    la.     Mission    House   Col- 
lege.    R.C.  U.S.A.  1916.    W.T.S.  1919.     1.  by  CI.  P.P.  1919-     Scotland, 

S.D.  Ebenezer,  1919-21,  Chancellor,  S.  D.,  1921 

Freund.  J.  W.,  Ger.  Evang.  Hoboken.  87-88. 

Frey,    C.    F.      (converted    Israelite),    Miss,    at    Yorkville,    1827,    became   a 

Baptist.      "Mag.    R.D.C,"   ii,   282,    159. 
Friedel,  Henry  A.     (at  first  an  independent  Lutheran)  ;    3d  Ger.  Ch.  N.Y.C.,' 
1856-75,  Flatbush,  2d,  1875-87. 


33^  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH   IN  AMERICA 

Frieling,  Harke,  b.  Auburn,  111.,  Ap.  12,  1872;  Calvin  Col.  1895.  W.S, 
98,  lie.  by  CI.  Holland.  Three  Oaks,  Mich.,  98-9,  Grand  Rapids,  8th, 
1899-1903,  Kalamazoo,  3d,  1903-1910,  Spring  Lake,  Mich.,  1910-11, 
Detroit,  Mich.,  1911-15,  Grand  Rapids,  4th,  1915-19,  Fulton,  111., 
1920 

Fritts,  Chas.  W.,  b.  in  Columbia  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  23,  1837;  R.C.  1862, 
N.B.S.  65,  1.  CI.  Hudson;  Blawenburgh,  65-70,  Fishkill-on-Hudson, 
70-1899,  w.  c.     d.  June  22,   1907.     D.D.   R.C.   1887.     Pres.   Gen.    Syn. 

Dr.  Fritts  was  distinguished  by  his  v^ride  reading  and  culture.    He  was  one 
of  the  choicest  companions  whose  conversation  was  always  ennobling  and 
pure.     He  also  ranked  among  the  strong  ministers  of  the  Word  of   God. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1908,  232. 

Publications  :    "A  Funeral  Sermon  of  Col.  Henry  Duryea,"  1870.     "The 
Centennial  of  the  Republic."     "Fishkill  Standard,"  1876.     "Address  at  Cen- 
tennial of  First  Presbyt.  Ch.,  Newburgh,"   1884.     "Sermon  on  25th  Anni- 
versary  of    Pastorate    at    Fishkill-on-Hudson,"    1895.      "Address    at    200th 
Anniv.  of  ist  Refd.  Ch.,  Tarrytown,"  1898.     Articles  in  "N.  Y.  Observer." 
Articles  and   letters   from  the   Orient   in   "Christian   Intelligencer."      Many 
letters  of  travel.  Addresses,  Sermons,  in  "Fishkill  Standard." 
Froeligh,  Moses   (brother  of  Sol.  Froeligh),  b.  at  Saugerties   (?)    May  9, 
1763;    studied  theol.  under  Sol.  Froeligh  and  Livingston,  lie.  by  Synod 
of  D.R.  Chs.,  1787;    Shawangunk  and  Montgomery,  1788-1811,  Mont- 
gomery, 1811-17,  d. . 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Froeligh,   Peter   D.    (s.   of   Sol.   Froeligh),  b.   1782,  baptized  at   Millstone, 
Oct.   13,   1782;    C.C.   1799,  studied  under  his  father,  lie.  CI.  Paramus ; 
1801.  Pittstown.  Tioshock,  and  Sincock,   1802-7,  New  Paltz,  and  New 
Hurley,   1807-16,   Aquackanonck,    16-25,   seceded,   suspended    (Aquacka- 
nonck  and  English  Neighborhood?  25-1827).     See  Manual,   1902. 
Froeligh.  Solomon,  b.  at  Red  Hook,  May  29,  1750  (brother  of  Moses  Froe- 
ligh) ;    studied  under  D.   Romeyn  and  J.   H.  Goetschius,   lie.  by  Gen. 
Meeting  of   Ministers   and   Elders,   1774;    Jamaica,   Newtown,   Oyster 
Bay   and    Success,    1775-6,    supplied   Fishkill   and    Poughkeepsie,    1776- 
80,     Hillsborough    and     Ne-Shanic,     1780-6,     Hackensack     (ist)     and 
Sehraalenburgh    (ist),    1786-1822;     also    Lector    in    Theology,    1792-7, 
Prof,    of    Theology,    1797-1822,    seceded;     1823,    suspended    (Hacken- 
sack and  Sehraalenburgh,  secession  1822-7,  d.  Oct.  8).     Elected  a  trus- 
tee of  Q.C.  1783.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1811. 
He  was  early  religiously  impressed,  under  the  ministry  of   Schuneman, 
and   begged   his    father,   who   was    a    farmer,    to    give   him   an    education. 
Through  his  mother's   influence,   he  finally  prevailed.     He  married   Rachel 
Vanderbeck  in   1771.     His  patriotism   in  the  Revolution  was  very  ardent, 
and  when  the  British  entered  Long  Island  he  was  compelled  to  flee  from 
his  congregations,  narrowly  escaping.     He  went  to   Hackensack,   and  ac- 
companied Dr.  Livingston  on  horseback,  on  the  west  side  of  the  Hudson, 
to  the  north.     A  brief  autobiography  may  be  found  in  "Demarest's  Lamen- 
tation  over   Froeligh,"  with   remarks   on   men   and   measures.     Settling  at 
Hackensack  in  1786,  over  that  portion  of  the  congregations  which  had  been 
especially  of  the  Coetus.  or  Progressive  party,  he  at  first  sought  to  unite  the 
two    antagonistic    elements    in    that    section.     (Goetschius     Curtenius.) 
Walmoldus  Kupyers,  the  pastor  of  the  other  part,  was  a  mild  and  peace- 
able man,  though  pastor  of  those  who  had  opposed   the  independent  or- 
ganization  of  the  American   Reformed   Church.     (Kuypers,   W.) 

The  old  spirit  still  manifested  itself  in  a  refusal  to  attend,  on  the  part 
of  this  people,  the  meetings  of  the  Classis  of  Hackensack  (1771-86),  and 
;also  on  account  of  personal  animosities  with  members  of  Mr.  Froeligh's 
congregation.  The  two  parties  were  also  divided  by  opposite  sentiments,  in 
the  Revolutionary  struggle,  and  in  the  early  political  controversies  of  the 


THE   MINISTRY  339 

country.  It  was  at  such  a  period  that  Mr.  Froeligh  settled  at  Hackensack 
(1786.)  Efforts  were  now  made  by  Synod  to  reconcile  the  conflicting 
parties,  and  Mr.  Froeligh's  people  seem  to  have  been  favorable  to  it;  but 
Mr.  Kuyper's  people  refused,  unless  the  well-known  charter  was  repealed. 
The  old  charter  seems  at  length  to  have  been  done  away  with  by  the  new 
law  for  incorporating  religious  societies  of  1789,  of  which  these  congre- 
gations availed  themselves,  and  it  was  hoped  that  peace  was  now  estab- 
lished. From  1790-5,  they  actually  came  together,  and  built  a  church  in 
common,  but  the  strife  soon  burst  forth  anew. 

Some  of  the  people,  who  had  been  in  the  heat  of  the  old  ecclesiastical 
feuds  (1748-71),  looked  upon  Mr.  Kuyper's  people  as  schismatics,  and  dis- 
approved of  the  union  effected.  They  dislike  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Froeligh 
in  this  direction,  and  labored  with  him  until  he  yielded  to  the  pressure, 
and  professed  to  feel  that  the  union  was  undesirable,  if  not  wicked.  He 
applied  Jer.  15:19-21  to  the  circumstances,  considering  his  own  people  as 
the  precious,  and  Mr.  Kuypers'  as  the  vile,  and  thus  preached  upon  it. 
About  the  same  time,  the  union  church  which  had  been  built  was  struck 
by  lightning,  and  the  stone,  over  the  entrance  with  the  words  "Union 
makes  strength,"  was  broken  in  two.  This  was  looked  upon  as  ominous, 
and  all  the  efforts  of  Synod,  even,  proved  unavailing  to  keep  the  congre- 
gation united. 

Mr.  Kuypers  died  about  this  time  (1795).  But  whatever  may  have  been 
the  position  of  Mr.  Kuypers'  people  before,  now  the  tables  seemed  to  have 
turned,  and  Mr.  Froeligh  and  his  people  to  have  become  the  aggressors. 
It  must  be  remembered  that  there  were  two  Consistories,  but  only  one  cor- 
poration. Now  Air.  Froeligh's  people,  hoping  to  control  everything,  after 
Mr.  Kuypers'  death,  attempted  to  prevent  his  Consistory  from  sending 
delegates  to  Classis,  and  protesting  against  it  when  done,  and  appeals  from 
classical  decisions  were  carried  up  to  the  Synods.  And  when  Air.  Kuyper's 
Consistory  attempted  to  call  Rev.  J.  V.  C.  Romeyn,  this  they  also  attempted 
to  defeat,  protesting  against  it,  and  carrying  the  matter  by  appeal  to  the 
Synods.  The  two  Consistories  (making  one  corporation)  voted  on  strictly 
party  lines,  while  Mr.  Froeligh,  as  the  President,  gave  the  casting  vote 
always  in  favor  of  his  own  Consistory.  Synod  sustained  Mr.  Kuypers' 
people  in  all  their  acts,  approving  of  the  call  on  Mr.  Romeyn.  His  Consis- 
tory now  kindly  invited  Mr.  Froeligh  to  officiate  at  his  installation,  but  he 
refused.  The  old  Classis  of  Hackensack  being  divided  in  1800,  Synod 
declared  Air.  Froeligh's  church  to  belong  to  the  Classis  of  Paramus,  and 
the  other  to  the  Classis  of  Bergen,  hoping  thus  to  prevent  collision.  Yet 
about  this  time,  a  precious  revival  extended  all  over  the  country,  also 
visiting  this  region,  and  Air.  Froeligh  had  more  than  two  hundred  added  to 
his  church  on  profession  in  a  single  year   (1800.) 

The  building  of  new  churches  and  parsonages  by  the  opposing  congrega- 
tions (which  were  one  corporation)  furnished  many  new  causes  of  conflict 
and  of  sin.  Alembers  irregularly  passing  from  one  to  the  other,  and  Mr. 
Froeligh  baptizing  children  of  disaffected  members  in  Mr.  Romeyn's  con- 
gregation, did  not  tend  to  harmonize  matters.  Technical  questions  also 
arose,  Air.  Froeligh's  Consistory  assuming  the  responsibility  of  the  bap- 
tisms, to  free  Air.  Froeligh  from  blame.  Classes  and  Synods  took  opposite 
views  of  the  matter,  till  at  length  Mr.  Froeligh,  with  four  other  ministers  in 
the  north — Brokaw,  Palmer,  Toll,  Wyckoff.  H.  V. — who  had  been  sus- 
pended for  contumacy,  combined  in  organizing  what  they  styled  "The 
True  Reformed  Dutch  Church."  This  secession  took  place  in  1822.  Thus 
that  portion  of  the  congregation  in  Hackensack  and  Schraalenburgh  which 
had  warmly  favored  the  independent  American  ecclesiastical  organization — 
which  had  belonged  to  the  Coetus  party,  and  which  under  Goetschius, 
Dirck  Romeyn,  and  the  early  years  of  Froeligh,  had  denounced  schism — 
had  now.  through  their  personal  animosities,  effected  a  real  schism,  which 
was  the  bane  of   Bergen  County,  in  all  its  original  extent,   for  nearly  half 


340  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

a  century.  Likewise,  many  fair  regions  along  the  Mohawk,  and  farther 
west,  were  desolated  by  the  same  wave.  The  attempt  was  made  to  vin- 
dicate the  secession  on  doctrinal  grounds  and  looseness  of  discipline.  It 
was  charged  that  the  church  had  become  Hopkinsian  (or  too  mildly  Cal- 
vinistic)  in  its  theology,  and  many  pamphlets  were  produced  by  the  oppo- 
site sides  upon  the  question.  The  matter  was  brought  by  memorials  of 
different  parties  before  the  General  Synod.  Dr.  Froeligh  had  been  ap- 
pointed assistant  Professor  of  Theology  in  1792,  and  this  now  made  him 
directly  responsible  to  the  Synod  for  his  conduct.  He  was  accordingly 
suspended  in  1822  from  his  professorship  and  from  the  ministry  for 
seceding,  for  charging  the  constituted  authorities  of  the  church  with  un- 
sound doctrines  and  with  looseness  of  discipline  (especially  while  he  had 
himself  irregularly  administered  baptism  to  the  disaffected  of  another  con- 
gregation) for  uniting  with  deposed  ministers  in  contempt  of  ecclesiastical 
authority,  and  for  promoting  schisms  and  dissensions.  It  was  afterward 
proved  by  letters  of  Mr.  Froeligh  to  different  parties,  and  by  the  testimony 
of  some  of  his  students,  that  he  had  contemplated  secession,  in  imitation 
of  the  Scotch,  for  many  years. 

Mr.  Froeligh  was  seventy-two  years  of  age  at  his  secession.  He  was  not 
a  man  of  lofty  genius  or  of  intellectual  greatness.  He  followed  the  beaten 
track  of  doctrinal  exposition  and  experimental  religion.  He  became,  with 
years,  severely  dogmatic.  His  studies  were  rather  confined  to  the  needful 
and  the  useful.  He  was  considered,  during  many  of  his  latter  years  by  the 
church  at  large,  as  a  traubler  in  Israel.  He  expressed  his  doctrines  in  the 
severest  terms,  preaching  an  unalterable  reprobation.  He  was,  no  doubt, 
led  into  the  ecclesiastical  difficulties,  before  he  was  aware,  so  far  that  he 
felt  he  could  not  recede,  and  by  thus  acting  he  soon  became  guilty  of  many 
inconsistencies.  It  must  be  remembered  that  he  at  first  strove  for  union, 
and  when  he  had  failed  in  all  his  efforts  and  plans,  the  reaction  carried  him 
far  the  other  way.  From  his  position  he  found  himself  at  the  head  of  a 
party,  and  circumstances  led  him  on  till  the  consummation  which  we  have 
seen.  Much  sin  was  on  both  sides,  no  doubt.  He  was  appointed  Chaplain, 
1st  N.  Y.  Line,  3d  Continental  Establishment,  which  appointment  was 
approved,  Nov.  21,  1776.  Reconfirmed,  Jan.  3,  1777,  but  the  appointment 
was  dropped,   Sept.,   1777,   he  never  having  joined   his   regiment. 

See  "Mints  of  Classis  of  Hackensack,  Bergen,  and  Paramus."  "Mints,  of 
Gen.  Syn.,"  1822-3.  "Cannon's  Pastoral  Theology,"  585.  "Taylor's  An- 
nals of  Classis  of  Bergen,"  1856.  "Gordon's  Life  of  Ostrander,"  pp.  25,  32, 
46,  47.  "Rev.  C.  T.  Demarest's  Lamentation  Over  Froeligh."  "Centennial 
of  N.  B.  Sem.,  420.  "Brinkerhofif's  Hist,  of  True  Refd.  Dutch  Church." 
"Romeyn's  History  of  Ch.  of  Hackensack."  "Gordon's  Manual  of  Ch.  of 
Schraalenburg."  "Mints,  of  True  Reformed  Dutch  Church."  "Rev.  H. 
Beet's  Sketch  of  Froeligh,  in  Dutch,"  in  "De  Gereformeerde  Amerikaan," 
Oct.  and  Nov.,  1900. 

Publications:  "A  Fourth  of  July  Discourse,"  1794.  A  Sermon  preached 
at  Hackensack,  1795,  on  occasion  of  the  lightning  rending  the  steeple  of  the 
church — Job.  37:5  (In  "Banner  of  Truth,"  vol.  iv.  No.  2.  This  is  a  maga- 
zine of  the  True  Dutch  Reformed  Church).  A  Sermon  on  the  "Heidelberg 
Catechism" — i  John  i  :3 — "Banner  of  Truth,"  vol.  iv.  No.  6.  A  Sermon  on 
Gen.  47  :g — "Banner  of  Truth,"  vol.  iv.  No.  8.  A  Sermon  on  2  Tim.  2  :8— 
"Banner  of  Truth,"  Vol.  v.  No.  i.  A  Sermon  in  the  "New  Jersey 
Preacher,"  on  Ex.  17:6 — "The  Smitten  Rock,"  1813.  An  account  of  the 
Religious  Revival  at  Hackensack  and  Schraalenburg,  "N.  Y.  Miss  Mag.," 
180C.  "The  Trial  of  Universal  Charity  by  a  Jury,"  i2mo,  pp.  268,  N.  Y. : 
1824.  "Reason  Assigned  by  a  Number  of  Ministers,  Elders,  and  Deacons 
for  Declaring  Themselves  the  True  Reformed  Dutch  Church  in  the  U.  S. 
A.,"  i2mo,  pp.  11:    Hackensack:    1822. 

Froschl,   John.      1.   by    CI.    N.    Y.      Dis.    to    Pres.    1904.      (Pres.    1904-06). 
Long  Branch,  1906-08.     d.  1917. 


THE    MINISTRY  34I 

Frost,  Henry  D.,  b.  Dairyland,  N.  Y.,  June  4,  1884.  R.C.  191 1.  N.B.S. 
1914.  1.  by  CI.  Orange.  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Accord,  1914-18;  Lawyers- 
ville  and  Sharon,  1918-22;  Huguenot  and  Prince's  Bay,  S.  I.,  1922— — •. 
Member  Bd.  Supt.  N.B.S.  1916-18.    Member  Ex.  Com.  N.Y.  State  S.S. 

Ass.   1920 

Fry,  Frank  S.,  b.  Pottstown,  Pa.,  March  26,  1884.     Ursinus  Col.  1907.     Cen- 
tral Theo.  Sem.  1910.    1.  by  CI.  of  St.  Joseph,  Ref.  Ch.  U.S.     (Ref.  Ch. 
U.S.     Fulton,  Mich.,  1910-11;    Mulberry,  Ind.,   1911-14;    Shippensburg, 
Pa.,  1914-18)  ;    Philadelphia,  4th,  1918 — — 
Fryenmoet   (Frymuth),  Johannes  Casparus,  b.  in  Switzerland,   1720 ;    Mini- 
sink,  Walpeck  and  Mahakkemack,  1741-56,  also  Smithfield,  N.  J.,  1741- 
Dec,   1743;    supplied  VVawarsing,   1745-51,  Kinderhook,  Clavcrack,  and 
Livingston   Manor,   1756-70,  supplied  also   Red  Hook,  Kinderhook,  and 
Schodack,  1770-78,  d. 
He  emigrated  while  a  young  man  to  America,  and  took  up  his  residence 
near  Port  Jervis,  N.  Y.     The  associated  churches  on  the  Delaware  took  a 
special   interest  in  him,  and  finally  induced  Mancius  to  ordain  him    (1741) 
that  he  might  serve  in  the  churches  on  the  Delaware,  even  as  Frelinghuysen 
and   Dorisus  had  ordained  Goetschius  three  years  before.     Hence   Mancius 
was  called  "Promoter,"  as  if  he  had  power  like  an  inspector  or  bishop  to 
"prefer"  men  to  ecclesiastical  offices.     Mancius  had  organized  these  churches 
on  the  Delaware  in  1737.     But  many  found  fault  with  this  ordination,  and 
hence  application  was  made  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  that  he  miight  be 
legally  ordained.     The  propriety  of  sending  him  to  Holland  was  long  under 
consideration,   and   it   has   been   generally    supposed   that   he   went,    but   the 
Ecc.   Rec.  of   N.  Y.  show  the  contrary.     The  Classis  granted  permission 
in    May,    1744,    to    ordain    him    according    to    the    Church    Order.      This 
was  done  by  Mancius  on  Dec.   16,   1744.  in  the  presence  of   Domines  Vas 
and   Weiss.      His   very   neat   handwriting,    his   great    regularity   in   keeping 
records,  and  the  sweet  savor  he  left  behind  him  of  deep,  evangelical  piety> 
continued  in  Port  Jervis    (says   Slauson)    even  down  to  his  day.     He  was 
very  popular  as  a  preacher.  '  So  great  was  his  popularity  that  quite  a  strife 
occurred  between  certain  churches  which  wished  his  services.     The  churches 
of   the   Delaware  and  of    Ulster   County  were   the   contestants.     A   corre- 
spondence took  place  between  them  of  a  very  spicy  nature,  and  evincing  no 
little  spirit  of  rivalry  as  to  wealth  and  worldly  standing. 

He  became  in  a  few  years  a  conservative  member  of  the  Coetus,  but  in- 
dignantly withdrew  when  they  proposed  to  organize  a  Classis.  He  had 
ordained  Arondeus  over  the  Conferentie  elements  in  Somerset  County,  N. 
J.,  in  1747.  In  1756,  an  Indian  massacre  compelled  him  to  flee  from  his 
home,  and  he  went  to  Raritan,  and  the  Conferentie  party  there  sought  most 
strenuously  to  call  him,  but  they  were  prevented  by  the  friends  of  Coetus, 
who  already  had  determined  to  call  Hardenbergh,  who  had  married  John 
Frelinghuysen's  widow. 

The  dispute  rose  so  high  that  the  Circle  (or  Classis)  of  New  Brunswick 
was  called  in  to  settle  it.  He  had  great  power  in  personal  intercourse, 
being  remarkably  social  and  genial,  and  was  frequently  placed  on  commis- 
sions to  deal  with  delicate  cases.  See  "Slauson's  Hist.  Ser.  at  Port  Jervis," 
and  "Zabriskie's  Claverack  Centennial."  "Mills'  Hist.  Disc,  at  Bushkill," 
1874,  and  at  Port  Jervis,  1878. 

Fulton,  Wm.  Collegiate  education  in  Europe,  studied  theology  under  Dr. 
Helffenstein,  1.  by  Ger.  Ref.  CI.  of  Philadelphia,  1852  (Phoenixville, 
G.R.  and  S.S.  at  Jeffersonville,  Presbyt.,  1853-5)  ;  Manayunk,  1855- 
March,  1865,  Chaplain  of  the  Scott  Legion  Regiment  and  Miss,  at 
Hilton  Head,  S.  C,  March-Nov.,  1865,  Manayunk  again,  1865-9. 
Funck,  Seymour  P.  (see  French  and  Vonck),  b.  1798;  C.C.  1817,  N.B.S. 
1821,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1821  (Jamaica,  Presbvt.,  1823-O  :  d.  1828 -"Mag. 
R.D.C.,"  iii.  64. 


342  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH   IN  AMERICA 

Furbeck,  George,  b.  at  Guilderland,  Feb.  24,  1821 ;    U.C.  47,  N.B.S.  51,  1.  CI. 

Schenectady;    1851,  d.  Oct.   18.     See  "Manual"  of   1879. 
Furbeck,  Geo.  Warren  (s.  of  Philip  Furbeck),  b.  Westerlo,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  23, 

1864;  U.C.  87,  N.B.S.  90,  1.  CI.  Passaic;    Stuyvesant,  90-8,  Albany,  6th, 

1898-1909,  Altamont,  1909— — .     Pres.  P.S.A.  1916. 
Furbeck,   Howard    (s.  of   Philip  Furbeck),  b.   Interlaken,   N.  J.,  June   19, 

1876;   U.C.  1897,  N.B.S.  1901 ;   Amsterdam,  N.  Y.,  1901-03;    Rensselaer, 

1903-07;     Addisville    (Richboro),    Pa.,    1908-12;     Annandale,    N.    J., 

1912-17.     d.  Oct.  16,  killed  by  an  automobile. 
Mr.  Furbeck  was  satisfied  by  nothing  less  than  the  best  in  all  he  did. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1918,  598. 
Furbeck,  Philip   (brother  of  George  Furbeck),  b.  at  Guilderland,  Dec.  29, 

1832;    U.C.  54,   N.B.S.   59,   1.   CI.   Schenectady;    Caughnawaga,   59-62, 

Westerlo,  62-67,  Buskirk's  Bridge  67-75,  Farmer  Village,  75-82,  Little 

Falls,  N.  J.,  82-88,  St.  Johnsville,  88-92,  Taghkanick,  92-97.     Died  July 

23,  1899. 
See  Manual,   1902. 
Furda,  Englehard,  b.  Groningen,  Neth.,  Feb.  i,  1884.    H.C.  1910-12.    W.T.S. 

1915.     1.  by  CI.  Holland.     Three  Oaks,   Mich.,    1915-17;    Melvin,    la., 

1917-19;    Sibley,  la.,  1919 

Gablemann,  Frederick.     N.B.S.  1899-1900. 

Galusha,   Watts.     R.C.    1847.     N.B.S.    1847-9.     Episcopalian,     d.    1851. 
>Gamble,  Samuel  L.,  b.  Pa.,  1828;  Jeflf.  Col.  58,  P.S.  61  (New  Scotland,  N.  Y., 
61-7;    also  supplied  Hamiltonville,  61-2;    Bethlehem,    ist,   63-7;     Still- 
water, 68-70)  ;    Guilderland,  70-85,  S.  S.  Pekin,  ist,  111.,  85-90,  S.S.  Con. 
stantine,  oo-i ;    S.S.  Presb.  ch.,  Garner,  91-1895;    d.  Mar.  18,     See  P.S. 
Cat. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
^anse,  Hervey  Doddridge,  b.  near  Fishkill,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  22,  1822;    N.Y.U.  35- 
8,  C.C.  39,  N.B.S.  43.  1.  CI.  N.Y.;  Freehold,  2d,  43-56,  N.  Y.  C,  W.  23d 
St.   (after  71  in  Madison  av.),  56-76  (St.  Louis,  Mo.,  76-83,  Cor.  Sec. 
Presbyt.  Bd.  for  Colleges  and  Academies,  83-91),  d.  Sept.     President  of 
Gen.  Synod,  1866.     Editor  of  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  1871-5. 
Mr.   Ganse  was  a  man  of  brilliant  ability,   ripe   scholarship  and   earnest 
piety.     Hence  he  early  became  a  leader  in  the  pulpit  and  in  denominational 
activity.     He  was  one  of  the  most  active  members  of  the  Boards  of  For- 
eign and  Domestic  Missions.     He  was  chairman  of  the  committee  to  report 
on  the  elimination  of  the  word  "Dutch"   from  the  corporate  title  of  the 
Denomination    (1866-7).     He   was   also   interested   in   Church   Union.      In 
1861   he  declined  the  degree  of  D.D.   from  Rutgers  College,   holding  that 
such  distinctions  were  contrary  to  the  spirit  of  the  Gospel. 

A  volume  of  his  poems  and  hymns  was  published  after  his  death.  See 
"Memorial   Address  by   Dr.   J.    McC.   Holmes."     Manual,    1902. 

Publications:  "Bible  Slaveholding  Not  Sinful;  a  Reply  to  Slavehold- 
ing  Not  Sinful,"  by  Dr.  S.  B.  How,  1856.  A  Sermon  on  the  "Duties  of  the 
Sabbath,"  in  the  "Christian  Sabbath,"  1862.  Article  on  "Baptism  for  the 
Dead,"  "Am.  Presbyt.  and  Theolog.  Rev.,"  1863.  A  Sermon  on  the  "Trin- 
ity," in  "South  Church  Lects.  on  Christian  Doct,"  1865.  Article  on 
"Change  of  Name,"  "Appendix  to  Minutes  Gen.  Syn.,"  1867.  "Rem- 
iniscences of  Dr.  Thomas  De  Witt"  (In  "Memorial").  Article  in  "Sprague's 
Annals  of  Am.  Ref.  D.  Pulpit,"  on  "Rev.  George  Schenck."  Many  editor- 
ials in  the  "Christian  Intelligencer."  "Practical  Results  of  N.  Y.  S.  S. 
Institute,"  1868.     Various  Hymns. 

Ganss,  Jacob  J.,  b.  Frankfort  on  the  Main,  Ger.,  Aug.  3,  1859;  Basel, 
79;  Basel  and  Karls  Schule,  80;  ord.  by  CI.  Bergen,  83,  Ger.  Evang., 
Kreischersville,  S.  I.,  1882-1912;  also  S.S.  Kreischersville,  1913 — ;  la- 
boring in  Amboy,  1892-1910;  St.  Paul's,  Perth  Amboy,  1910— ;  Ph.D., 
Tayler  Univ.,  1898. 


THE   MINISTRY  343 

Publications  :    "Das  Forsthaus."     "Der  Goldgraeber."     "Der   Mueller- 
sohn."    "Gottes  Wege  sind  Wunderbar."    Gemeinde  Bole  13  years. 
Gardeneir,  W.,  Kalamazoo,  1855,  d. 

Gardiner,  Hugh  Brodie,  b.  in   Scotland,   1820;    Y.C.  42,   P.S.  49,  Galena, 
111.,  49-51,  S.S.  Madison,  Wis.,   15-5,  Coeymans  and   New   Baltimore, 
56-60,  Herkimer,  60-4;    S.S.  Bergen,  Cong.,  64-7,  Sec.  Am.  Tract  Soc, 
Schenectady,    67-70,    Perry,    Presbyt.,    70-2 ;     died    1874.     See    "P.    S. 
Cat." 
Gardner,  John,  b.  at  Gilbertsville,  Otsego  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Feb.  i,   1814;    U.C. 
41,  N.B.S.  44,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;    Harlingen,  1844-81,  d.  Oct.  20. 
He  had  the  advantage  of  a  pious  and  worthy  Scotch  and  New  England 
ancestry.     For  2)y  years  he  exercised  a  ministry  of  great  devotion  and  use- 
fulness in  a  single  field.     While  he  was  an  excellent  pastor,  his  preaching 
was    Scriptural,    varied    and    forcible,    and    always    very    instructive.     See 
Manual,  1902. 
Gardner,  John  C,  b.  Middleburgh,  N.  Y.,  May  17,  1877;   P-C,  1900;   N.B.S., 

1903;    1.  by  CI.  S.  L.  I.,  1903;    Highwood,  N.  J.,  1903-09,  w.  c. 
Gardner,   Jolin    Scoon    (s.   of   John   Gardner),   b.    Harlingen,    N.   J.,    Nov. 
I,  1850;    C.N.J.  71,  U.S.  75,  lie.  CI.  Philadelphia   (S.S.  Morris  plains, 
Presbyt.,   75-6);    ord.   by    CI.    Schoharie,   Aug.   23,    76;     Middleburg, 
76-80;    Harlingen,  80-3;    Flatlands,    1883-1913;     P.E.    1913.     D.D.   by 
H.C.  191 1 ;    S.C,  CI.  S.L.I. ;    Pres.  P.S.  N.  Y.,  1912. 
Gardner,  Theodore  A.,  b.  in  Vt,  1830;    W.C,  53;    U.S.,  57;    ord.  by  CI. 
Saratoga,  62;    S.S.  Manhattanville,  55;    Buskirk's  Bridge,  61-2,  Tios- 
siock,  62-7;    died  Jan.  20,  1880.     Other  details  see  "U.  S.  Gen.  Cat." 
Garland,  D.  G.,   Florence,   S.C.  All   Souls,   1919-20. 

Garretson,  Garret  I.,  b.  near  Somerville,   1808,  R.C.  29,  N.B.S.  32,  1.  CI. 

N.B. ;    Stuyvesant,  32-4 ;    Newtown  and  Jamaica,  35-49,  Lodi,  49-52,  d. 

Aug.  14,  1854.    See  "Manual"  of  1879. 

Publications:    "A  Discourse  at  Jamaica,  L.   I.,"  Feb.   15,   1842,  at  the 

Quadragenian   Anniversary   of   the   Ministry   of   the   Rev.   Jacob    Schoon- 

maker,   D.D.,    1842.     "The«  Christian    Citizen,"    1842.     "A    Sermon   on   the 

Death  of  A.  S.  Rapalje,"  1847. 

Garretson,  Geo.  Rem.,  b.  at  Jersey  City,  May  21,  1850;  R.C.  70,  N.B.S. 
70-1,  U.S.  71-3,  in  Europe  73-4,  U.S.  74-5,  lie.  CI.  Bergen,  Sept.,  1875; 
1st  Long  Is.  City,  75-6,  ist  L.  I.  City,  and  St.  Johns,  Laurel  Hill,  76-7, 
Ap.  ist,  Hyde  Park,  77-8,  Presb.  Mattituck,  L.  I.,  83-7,  Claremont 
Presby,  ch.,  Jersey  City,  87-1900,  S.S.  Summit,  N.  J.,  1900-04,  Laurel, 

L.  I.,  1906 

Garretson,  Gilbert  S.   (s.  of  John  Garretson),  b.  N.  Y.  C,  Nov.  21,  1839; 
R.C.  59,  N.B.S.  62,  1.  CI.  Orange,  Upper  Walpack,  63-84,  Franklin  Fur- 
nace, N.  J.,  85-91. 
Garretson,   Jas.   Cortelyou,  b.   Middlebush,   N.   J.,  Aug.  8,    1851;     R.C.  71, 
N.B.S.  74,  lie.  CI.  N.B. ;    Pratttsville,  75-7,  Taghkanic,  1877-91,  supply- 
ing churches,   1892 — ,  member   Bd.   Supt   N.B.S. 
Garretson,  John,  b.  at  Six-Mile  Run,  N.  J.,  Nov.  9,  1801  ;    U.C.  23,  N.B.S. 
26,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;    Miss,  to  Kinderhook  Landing   (Stuyvesant)   and   Co- 
lumbiaville,  26-7,   Middleburgh,  27-33,   Schraalenburgh,  33-6,   Miss,  at 
Brooklyn,  organizing  the  Central  Ch.,  36-7,  Belleville.  37-49,  Cor.  Sec. 
Bd.  Dom.  Missions,  49-59,  Canastota,  59-61,  Owasco  Outlet,  61-4,  Eso- 
pus,  65-6,  also   S.S.  at  St.  Remy    (Lawrenceville,   Pa.,  Presb.,  66-9)  ; 
Cortlandtown,  69-72;   w.  c. ;    Rector  of  Hertzog  Hall,  1874-5,  d.     D.D. 
by  R.C.   1855.     See  Manual,  1902. 
Garretson,  John.  b.  Millstone,  N.  J.,  1829;    N.B.S.  64,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;    (supply- 
ing Broadalbin.  N.  Y.,  Presbyt.,  65-8,  pastor,  1868-9,  d.) 
Garretson,  John  K.,   N.B.S.,   1821-2;    d.   1822. 
Garvin,  Isaac,  1832. 


344  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Gaston,  John,  b.  Somerville,  N.  J.,  1825;    R.C.  49,  N.B.S.  52,  1.  CI.  N.B. ; 
Pompton,   52-62,    Saugerties,   62-9,   Aquackanonck,   69-95 ;    emeritus ;    d. 
Dec.  I,  1901.     Elected  a  trustee  of  R.C.  1876.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1872.     Pres. 
Bd.  Education  1 880-1 901. 
He  was  splendidly  furnished  by  nature,  grace,  and  culture  for  the  exact- 
ing demands  of  his  high  and  holy  office.     He  was  a  true   "Shepherd  and 
Bishop  of  Souls." 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  An  address  at  the  Funeral  of  Rev.  Dr.  John  Gosman, 
1867  (In  "Memorial").  Address  at  Funeral  of  Mrs.  J.  B.  Sheffield,  1864. 
Gaston,  Joseph,  Belmont,   1895-6,   Hyde  Park,  97-1899. 

Gates,    Cor.      From    Ger.    Ref.    Ch.,    Wyantskill,    1840-2,    Caroline,    42-50, 
Manayunk,    51-4,    Port   Jackson,   56-7,   Woolcott,   57-9,    Minisink,   60-3, 
d.  Feb. 
Gates,  Wm.  Bishop,  U.S.  1902;    Assistant  Pastor,  Madison  Av.,  N.   Y.  C, 

1902.     Congregational. 
Gebhard,   John   G.,   b.   at   Waldorf,   Ger.,    1750,   studied   at   Heidelberg  and 
Utrecht,   1.    1771    (Whitpain   and  Worcester,   Pa.,   1771-4)  ;    Ger.   Ref., 
N.   Y.   C,   1774-6,   Claverack,   1776-1826,  d. ;    also  at   Ghent  every  two 
months,  1782-87,  at  Schoharie,  1784,  at  Taghkanic  quarterly,  1777-97,  at 
Hillsdale  every  seven  weeks,   1793-1814,  and  at  Camp  occasionally. 
When  New  York  was  invaded  by  the   British  he  removed  to   Kingston, 
and  soon  accepted  a  call  to  Claverack.     He  was  here  the  means  of  healing 
an  unhappy  division,  bringing  with  him  sagacity,  knowledge  of  human  nature, 
prudence,  and  self-control^    He  mastered  the  Low  Dutch  tongue,  so  as  to  be 
able  to  preach  in  it,  in  three  months.     He  also  preached  in  all  the  surround- 
ing neighborhood,  traveling  sometimes  even  to  Schoharie   (sixty  miles  dis- 
tant)  to  break  to  them  the  Word  of  Life.     In  1777  he  founded  the  Wash- 
ingtonian  Institute  at  Claverack,  of  which  he  was  principal.     He  was  always 
modest,  dignified,  and  courteous,  and  affable  in  his  intercourse  with  others. 
He  was  a  man  of  peace.    As  a  preacher  he  had  life  and  energy,  and  was  fre- 
quently pathetic ;    his  style  of  preaching  was  mostly  didactic,  addressed  to 
the  understanding  with  a  view  to  enlighten  and  convince.     As  a  patriot  of 
the   Revolution,   he  was  active  and  consistent;     he  used  the  weight  of   his 
official  character  to  maintain  the  righteousness  of  the  cause  and  enlarge  the 
spirit  of  freedom.     His  last  communion  season,  standing  on  the  border  of 
the  grave,  is  described  as  thrilling.     "Harbaugh,"  ii.  393.     "Claverack  Cen- 
tennial."   "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  i,  232,  "The  Parsonage  Between  the  Two  Manors," 
1910. 

Gebhard,  John  G.  (great-grandson  of  John  G.  Gebhard,  above),  b.  Hud- 
son, N.  Y.,  Nov.  2,  1857;  H.C.  78,  N.B.S.  82,  1.  CI.  Hudson;  Griggs- 
town,  1882-5,  Mellenville  and  Philmont,  1885-91,  Herkimer,  91-1900, 
Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  of  Education,  1900-1920.  Ass.  Treasurer  Bd.  of  Educa- 
tion 1902 .    D.D.  by  H.C.  1906. 

Publications:    Articles  for  Clrnrch  periodicals. 
Gebhard,  John  G.,   Jr.,    (son   of  John   G.   Gebhard),  b.   Herkimer,   N.   Y., 
Sept.  23,  1894;    H.C,  1916;    N.B.S.,   1919;    1.  by  CI.  Westchester,  Mis- 
sionary to  India,  1920 

George,   H.  W..   1889-90. 
Gerhard,  Ludwig,  1865. 

Gesman,  N.  J.,  b.  Charlois,  Neths.,  Dec.  17,  1835;  c.  to  America,  46;  lie. 
by  CI.  Illinois,  88;  Ebenezer,  la.,  89-1894;  d.  Nov.  3. 
He  came  to  America  with  the  800  under  the  lead  of  Rev.  H.  P.  Scholte, 
1846.  They  settled  at  Pella,  la.  In  1865  he  began  to  study  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  ;  but  his  anxiety  to  preach  the  Gospel  led  him  into  the 
ministry.  He  was  always  ready  to  proclaim  the  Word  in  any  destitute 
locality,  and  his  efforts  were  rewarded  with  the  conversion  of  many  souls 
In  1888  a  community  at  Ebenezer,  la.,  where  he  had  labored,  petitioned  the 
Classis  of  Illinois  to  organize  them  into  a  church,  and  they  at  once  chose 


THE    MINISTRY  345 

Mr.  Gesman  as  their  pastor.     His  preaching  was  logical  and  instructive, 

but  his  ministry  was  short. 

Gesner,  Oscar,  b.  Njack,  N.  Y.,  Nov.   i6,  1840;    R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  65,  1. 
S.  CI.  L.I. ;    Rocky  Hill,  65-70,  Linden,  70-4,  w.  c. 
Often  supplying  churches,  d.  Sept.  18,   1918.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1919, 

919. 

Geyer,  Julius  W.,  b.  Saxony,  July  7,  1836,  student  R.C.   1862,  N.B.S.   1863, 
Ger.   Evang.  Mission,  N.  Y.   C.,   1863-1914;    d.   Sept.    18,    1914.     D.D. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,   1915,  595. 
For  many  years  member  of  Bd.  of  Domestic  Missions  and  preeminently 

the  pastor  of  the  German  population  of  N.  Y.  C. 

Gibson,  J.  R..  1888-9. 

Giebel.  Wm.  Hobart,  b.  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  July  21,  1879;  R.C,  1904;  N.B.S., 
1907;  Post  graduate,  1907-08;  Talmage  Memorial,  Philadelphia, 
1908-09;    Missionary  to  China.  1909-1913. 

GifTen,  John,  b.  Birkenhead,  Eng.,  Nov.  9,  1862;  U.T.S.,  93;  ord.  by  Presb. 
N.Y. ;  S.S.,  Belmont,  N.  Y.  C,  1892-3  ;  Supt.  Albany  Tract  and  Miss. 
Soc,  1893—;    M.D. 

Gilbert.  Archibald  P..  b.  1826?  1.  by  Franklin  Assoc.  Mass.,  1861  ;  Pratts- 
ville,   61-1866.   d. 

Giles.  Wm.  Warren,  b.  Jan.  16,  i860.  New  York  City.  Coll.  of  C.  of  N.  Y. 
1881.  U.T.S.  1885,  1.  by  Baptist  Ch.  N.  Y.  Association,  (Baptist  Ch.  of 
the  Redeemer  18S5-1893,  Baptist  Ch.  of  Summit,  N.  J.,  ist  1898-1907), 
First  Reformed.  Orange,  N.  J..  1907 — ,  D.D. 

Gillespie.  John  Hamilton,  b.  Glasgow,  Scotland,  Feb.  9,  1858,  R.C.  82, 
Johns  Hopkins  82-3,  N.B.S.  85.  1.  CI.  Bergen;  New  Hurlev.  N.  Y.. 
85-8.  Prof,  of  Greek,  Hope  College.  88-98.  Prof.  Hellenistic  Greek  and 
N.  T.  Exegesis,  N.B.S.,  1898-1911.  Instructor  in  N.  T.  Criticism  and 
Lector,  Missions   1911-21,  D.D..  H.C.  and  R.C.   i8g8. 

Gilmore,  Wm.  Brokaw.  b.  White  House,  N.  J.,  1835 ;    H.C.  66,  W.S.  69,  lie. 
and  ord.  CI.  Mich.,  70;,Prin.  Amelia  Institute,  and  Miss,  in  Va.,  69- 
"jz,  Prin.  Female  Dept.  Hope  College,  Nov.,  72-3,  June ;    Spring  Lake, 
111..  73-82.  Havana,  111.,  82-1884,  d.  Ap.  24. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Ginnings.  see  Jennings. 

Girtanncr.  Carl,  Hudson  City.  2d  (Jersev  Citv).  1879-81,  Newark.  West 
(Ger.).  1882-1918.     P.E.  1918. 

Gleason,  Wm.  Henry  (son-in-law  of  Rev.  Dwight  M.  Seward),  b.  in  Dur- 
ham. Ct..  Sept.  28.  1833;    Y.C  53;    lie.  and  ord.  Presb.  L.  I.,  70;    New- 
burgh.  7C-76.  Newark,  ist.  77-86,  Hudson,  N.  Y.,  1886-88,  w.  c.     Died 
Feb.  21,  1892. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Gliddon.  A.  M..  1892. 

Goebcl.  Gustavus  A.  T..  b.  Frankfort-on-the-Main.  Germany,  May  12.  1861. 
N.Y.  1881.  1.  by  CI.  N.  Y.  N.B.S.  1884;  Yorkville  (Ger.),  84-90, 
Greenburgh.    1890-1910,    Stanton.    N.   J.,    1910-16,    Grand    Rapids,    Zion 

Ref.,    1919-21,   Shawangunk.   N.Y.,   1921 

Publications:    German   English   Readers.   I.   II.   III.     German   English 

Grammar. 

Goebel.  Louis,  b.  Frankfort  on  Main.  Ger.,  Julv  27.  i8s8;  Bloomficld  T. 
Sem..  1877-80;  U.T.S.  1S80-1  ;  ord.  by  CI." Bergen.  Sept.  30,  1881 ;  Hack- 
ensack.  3d.  1881-90;  Yorkville.  N.  Y.  C  (Evang.),  1899-5,  Flatbush, 
2d,  1895-T918.    d.  March  14. 

Goetschius.  John  Henry  (son  of  Rev.  Maurice  Goetschi.  of  Zurich.  Switzer- 
land), b.  1717;  studied  at  Zurich,  and  under  Dorsius;  assisting  Dor- 
sius.  in'  Bucks  Co..  Pa..  1739-41  ;  licensed  by  Dorsius.  Frelinghuysen, 
and  Tennant.  1741  ;  Jamaica.  Newtown,  Success,  and  Oyster  Bay,  L.  I., 
1 74 1 -8.  rc-ordaincd  by  the  Ccetus,  1748,  Hackensack  and  Schraalen- 
berg.  N.  J.,  1748-74.  died. 


346 


THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 


His  father,  Rev.  Maurice  Goetschi,  was  born  in  Switzerland  in  1686,  and 
ordained  in  1710.  He  was  a  remarkable  Oriental  scholar.  He  was  assist- 
ant pastor  at  Bernegg,  1710-20;  was  pastor  at  Salez,  1720-31,  when,  for 
some  reason,  he  was  deposed.  But  he  still  possessed  great  influence,  and 
left  Zurich,  Oct.  4,  1734,  with  a  party  of  400,  destined  for  America.  They 
had  a  very  difficult  and  dangerous  passage  down  the  Rhine,  on  account  of 
a  Franco-Austrian  war  then  raging.  They  were  molested  and  robbed  con- 
tinually. After  leaving  Mayence  they  met  with  further  disappointments 
and  discouragements  all  the  way  to  Holland,  although  occasionally  they 
found  friends  along  the  way.  The  colonists  finally  reached  Rotterdarn, 
where  they  suffered  not  a  little ;  but  Rev.  Mr.  Wilhelmius  sought  to  miti- 
gate their  sufferings.  Goetschi  went  on  to  The  Hague,  where  he  unex- 
pectedly met  with  most  remarkable  success.  He  had  hoped,  upon  starting, 
that  England  would  send  them  to  the  Carolinas,  but  Count  Walpole,  the 
British  Ambassador  at  The  Hague,  said  he  could  not  send  them  on  to 
England,  without  express  orders. 

Goetschi  now  addressed  himself  to  Mr.  Felss,  a  certain  statesman  there, 
who  received  him  most  favorably.  He  told  him  they  had  been  seeking  for 
six  years  for  a  man  to  organize  the  churches  in  Pennsylvania,  where  there 
were  60,000  of  the  Reformed  faith.  He  offered  to  secure  his  appointment 
as  Superintendent-General  of  Pennsylvania,  and  give  him  a  salary  for  the 
first  year  of  about  $800;  but  he  must  first  see  his  testimonials.  Goetschi 
wrote  to  Rev.  J.  Baptiste  Ott,  of  Zurich,  for  testimonials.  Ott  informed 
Rev.  Wilhelmi,  of  Rotterdam,  that  Goetschi  had  started  against  advice; 
yet  since  he  had  reached 'Rotterdam,  he  would  give  him  a  letter  of  introduc- 
tion to  Wilhelmi.  Information  was  also  sent  that  Goetschi  had  been  de- 
posed, but  that  he  was  a  man  of  great  energy,  and  might  yet  accomplish 
great  good  in  the  New  World.  Through  Statesman  Felss'  suggestion,  the 
whole  body  was  diverted  from  Carolina  to  Pennsylvania.  They  left  Rot- 
terdam, Feb.  24,  1735. 

They  stopped  on  the  coast  of  England,  and  had  a  stormy  passage  all  the 
way  over,  and  a  brutal  tyrant  for  a  captain.  They  reached  Philadelphia, 
May  29,  1735,  and  Goetschi  himself  expired  soon  after  landing.  He  left  a 
wife  and  eight  children,  of  whom  John  Henry  was  the  oldest.  He  was 
then  only  seventeen. 

In  their  distress  John  Henry  writes,  on  July  21,  1735,  to  Rev.  Werdmiller, 
assistant  at  Zurich,  giving  an  account  of  the  voyage,  and  of  his  father's 
death,  and  asking  for  aid.  He  also  states  how  he  had  begun  to  preach  at 
this  early  age.  When  the  people  found  out  that  he  was  a  student  for  the 
ministry,  and  he  showed  them  the  certificate  of  his  studies,  they  were  de- 
lighted and  insisted  on  his  preaching.  He  preached  and  catechized  twice 
every  Sunday,  not  only  in  Philadelphia,  but  in  the  outlying  districts.  He 
received  another  certificate  from  Zurich,  on  May  28,  1736,  stating  that  he 
had  attended  college  there,  and  they  had  hopes  of  his  becoming  a  good 
minister  when  he  got  through  his  schooling.  He  now  sought  ordination 
at  the  hands  of  the  Presbyterian  Synod  in  Philadelphia,  but  that  Synod, 
May  27,  1737,  while  satisfied  with  his  testimonials,  as  far  as  they  went, 
delayed  ordaining  him,  and  advised  him  to  continue  his  studies. 

Nevertheless,  he  continued  preaching,  and  performed  other  ministerial 
duties.  He  officiated  in  a  dozen  different  congregations,  although  he  him- 
self only  partook  of  the  Lord's  Supper  for  the  first  time,  at  the  hands  of 
Rieger,  at  Germantown,  in  November,  1736  (if  Boehm's  statement  is  cor- 
rect). Goetschi,  therefore,  exhibited  a  spirit  of  independence,  to  say  the 
least,  not  altogether  justifiable.  The  South  Holland  Synod  proposed  in 
1738  that  Goetschius  should  be  ordained,  either  by  the  Presbyterian  Synod 
or  by  some  of  the  neighboring  ministers,  or  by  ministers  sent  there  for  that 
purpose.  But,  about  1739,  Goetschi  stopped  preaching,  and  went  to  Bucks 
County  to  finish  his  theological  studies  under  Dorsius.  The  Synod  of 
South  Holland  of   1740  refers  to  this  event,  saying  that  after  having  per- 


THE    MINISTRY  347 

formed  all  the  work  of  a  regularly  qualified  minister,  he  stopped  short  to 
finish  his  studies. 

In  October,  1740,  before  his  ordination,  Goetschius  visited  Long  Island, 
where  the  churches  of  Newtown,  Jamaica,  Hempstead,  and  Oyster  Bay 
gave  him  a  call,  whither  he  went  the  following  year. 

On  April  7,  1741,  Dorsius,  Tennant,  and  Frelinghuysen  ordained  him. 
Goetschi  asked  Boehm's  forgiveness  for  all  that  he  had  done  against  him. 
The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  censured  Dorsius   for  ordaining  Goetschius. 

Goetschius  was  installed  by  Freeman,  with  the  consent  of  Antonides,  over 
the  churches  in  Queens  County,  L.  I.  But  from  the  first  there  were  some 
who  questioned  the  validity  of  his  ordination,  and  his  colleag:ue,  Antonides, 
took  part  with  them.  The  pressure  brought  to  bear  upon  him  caused  him 
sometimes  to  lose  his  temper,  for  which  the  Classis  rebuked  him.  His 
opponents  also  trumped  up  charges  of  immorality  against  him,  which  pro- 
duced great  confusion  for  several  years,  but  the  Classis  ultimately  de- 
clared that  these  had  not  been  proven.  The  whole  business,  the  validity  of 
his  ordination  and  the  charges,  was  committed  to  the  ministers  of  N.  Y.  C. 
and  L.  I.,  and  articles  of  agreement  were  at  length  adopted.  For  the  sake 
of  peace  Mr.  Goetschius  consented,  in  1748,  when  the  Coetus  was  formed  by 
classical  authority,  to  take  the  place  of  a  candidate,  though  he  had  been 
seven  years  in  the  ministry,  and  to  submit  to  a  new  examination  and  ordi- 
nation !  During  the  contest  much  unchristian  spirit  had  been  exhibited. 
The  church  was  sometimes  locked  against  him,  when  he  preached  in  barns, 
or  crowded  houses,  or  under  trees,  or  on  the  doorsteps  of  the  church.  On 
one  occasion,  when  in  the  church,  the  chorister,  who  sat  below  the  pulpit 
and  in  those  days  gave  out  the  hymns,  in  order  to  prevent  his  preaching, 
gave  out  the  whole  of  the  119th  Psalm,  which  would  have  taken  all  day  to 
sing.  But  Mr.  Goetschius  had  the  courage  to  stop  the  proceedings.  The 
neighboring  ministers  also  (Boel,  etc.),  who  were  opposed  to  his  ordina- 
tion, rebaptized  the  children  whom  he  had  baptized.  Yet  God  accepted  his 
ministry,  giving  him  while  on  Long  Island,  and  before  his  reordination,  as 
well  as  frequently  after,  great  revivals.  His  occasional  services  at  New 
Paltz  were  also  greatly  blessed. 

When  he  removed  to  Hackensack  new  difficulties  awaited  him.  He  was 
called  as  the  colleague  of  Mr.  Curtenius.  The  latter,  while  favorable  to 
the  Coetus,  seems  to  have  been  among  the  more  conservative  members,  and 
ultimately  opposed  the  proposition  for  a  Classis.  The  two  colleagues,  there- 
fore, represented  the  conservative  and  progressive  elements.  Indeed,  the 
anti-Coetus  party  on  Long  Island  soon  called  Curtenius  there  after  they  had 
driven   Goetschius  away. 

Mr.  Goetschius  and  his  friends,  embracing  all  the  elders  and  deacons  at 
Hackensack,  procured  a  charter  from  the  Governor  to  assess  the  expenses 
of  the  church  on  the  pews.  Domine  Goetschius  had  not  received  his  full 
salary  when  he  left  Long  Island.  This,  with  the  ecclesiastical  questions 
about  ordination,  fully  split  the  church,  and  was  the  foundation  of  those 
unhappy  differences  cherished  by  the  parties  which  led,  in  connection  with 
other  causes,  seventy  years  later,  to  the  secession,  and  the  organization  of 
the  "True  Reformed  Dutch  Church,"  as  they  styled  themselves.  Mr. 
Goetschius  was  blessed  again  in  New  Jersey  by  a  precious  revival  of  re- 
ligion. He  was  a  learned,  pious,  and  godly  man,  and  a  faithful  and  suc- 
cessful preacher  of  the  Gospel.  He  instructed  several  young  men  for  the 
ministry,  such  as  Dirck  Romeyn,  Theo.  Romeyn,  Sol.  Froeligh,  John  Leydt, 
Verbeck.  Benj.  Du  Bois,  the  younger  Frelinghuysens,  and  Martinus  and 
Henricus  Schoonmaker.  He  was  also  one  of  the  first  trustees  of  Queens 
College.  His  ministry  was  exactly  contemporary  with  the  great  dispute 
concerning  Hollandish  or  American  ordination.  When  he  first  settled  on 
Long  Island  he  gave  great  offense  by  preaching  on  the  text,  "The  Un- 
known God,"  reflecting  on  the  personal  piety  of  many  of  the  people.  They 
in  turn  started  slanderous  charges   against  him,  which  could  not  be  sus- 


348  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN  AMERICA 

tained,  and  then  started  those  questions  about  the  vaHdity  of  his  ordination. 
He  was  a  man  of  deep  feeHng  and  strong  passions,  it  being  said  that  once, 
when  resistance  was  apprehended  to  his  entering  the  church  at  Hackensack, 
he  buckled  on  his  sword,  and  thus  accoutred  entered  the  pulpit.  It  must 
be  remembered,  however,  that  it  was  not  unusual  for  even  a  minister  to 
wear  a  sword,  sometimes  carrying  it  to  church  and  laying  it  behind  him 
in  the  pulpit  during  service. 

He  was  below  the  middle  size,  of  a  vigorous  constitution^  abrupt  in 
speech,  but  his  language  was  clear  and  expressive.  He  was  a  man  of  pro- 
found erudition,  a  thorough  Calvinist,  and  an  accomplished  theologian. — 
Ecc.  Rec.  N.  Y.  Many  letters,  especially  between  1743-50.  "Taylor's  An- 
nals of  CI.  of  Bergen."  "Strong's  Flatbush."  "Sprague's  Annals." 
Publications:    "De   Orbekende   God;    or,   The  Unknown   God"    (Acts 

17:23.)     A  Sermon  preached  on  July  23,  1742,  at ,  and  on  August 

22,  1742,  at  Newtown.  i8mo,  pp.  5.  1743.  (This  sermon  in  English,  but 
apparently  much  abbreviated,  in  the  "Banner  of  Truth,"  vol.  ii,  parts  6,  7.) 
See  also  "Rev.  Dr.  Jas.  L.  Good's  Hist.  Reformed  (Ger.)  Church,"  pages 
173-190,  for  the  earlier  facts  in  the  life  of  Goetschius. 

Goetschius,  John  Mauritius  (brother  of  J.  H.  Goetschius),  b.  in  Canton  of 
Thurgau,    Switzerland,   July,    1724;     educated    as    a    physician;     c.    to 
America,   1744;    studied  for  the  ministry  under  his  brother,  and  Theo. 
Frelinghuysen ;    lie.  by  Coetus,  1754;    Schoharie  (Ger.  and  Dutch),  1756- 
60,   Shawangunk  and  New  Paltz,   1760-71,  d.   Mar.   17. 
He  at  once  began  to  practice  as  a  physician  at  Hackensack  on  his  ar- 
rival  in   America,   but   was  persuaded   by   his   brother   to  prepare    for  the 
ministry.     He  warmly  espoused  the  cause  of  the  Coetus.     Conferentie  com- 
plain to   Classis    (Nov.  9,   1756)    that  this  Goetschius  and  Henry   Freling- 
huysen have,  without  any  call  or  commission,  officiated  for  more  than  two 
years  as  ministers  of  congregations,  except  that  they  did  not  administer 
the  sacraments ;    that  Goetschius  had  said  at  last  meeting  of  the  Coetus : 
"We  have  been  ciphers  long  enough;    if  we  cannot  gain  our  end,  let  us  go 
to  the  Presbyterians,  whose  ordination  is  as  good  as  that  of  the  Nether- 
lands Church."     The  Coetus  approved  his  call  to  Schoharie,  Nov.  10,  1757, 
and  he  was  ordained  and  installed  by  Vrooman  and  Theodore  Frelinghuy- 
sen on  Dec.  14.    Rev.  P.  N.  Semmer,  of  the  Lutheran  Church,  assisted.    He 
preached  to  both  the  Germans  and  Dutch  in  Schoharie,  and  also  practiced 
medicine  all  his  life.     His  field  of  labor  at  New  Paltz  extended  over  thirty 
miles.     He  was  large  and  commanding  in  person,  courteous  and  intelligent 
in   his    intercourse   with   others,   and   decided    in    his    opinions.     President 
Stiles,  of  Yale  College,  refers  in  his  journal  to  his  having  met  a  Rev.  Mr. 
Huzius  (Goetschius)  when  at  Kingston,  a  very  learned  man.     He  was  one 
of    the   original   trustees   of    Queens    College.     By   license    dated    Oct.    14, 
1758,  he  married  Catharine   Hagar,  of   Schoharie.     She   died   at   Shawan- 
gunk.    1785.     "See  "Stitts'  Hist,  of  Ch.  of  New  Paltz." 
Goetschius,    John    Mauritius,    studied    under    his    uncle,    J.    H.    Goetschius? 
Sought  licensure  in  1773,  but  was  not  sufficiently  well  qualified.     In  1774 
rumors  against  him  again  delayed  his   license.     A   man  of   this   name 
joined  the  "Flying  Camp,"  in  N.  J.,  1776.     He  became  a  Major. — See 
"N.  J.  in  the  Revolution." 
Goetschius,  Stephen  (s.  of  J.  H.  Goetschius),  b.  about  1752;    studied  under 
his  father,  Livingston,  Westerlo,  and  Verbyck,  1.  by  Gen.  Meeting  of 
Ministers    and    Elders,    1775;     New    Paltz   and    New    Hurley,    1775-96 
(not   ordained   till   June,    1777),    Marbletown    and    Shokan,    1796-1814, 
Saddle  River  and  Pascack,  1814-35,  d.  1837. 
He  was  instrumental  in  healing  the  breach  at  New  Paltz  which  the  ques- 
tions  about   American    ordination   had   caused.     His   ministry   during  and 
immediately  after  the  Revolution  did  not  show  much  spiritual  fruit,  owing 
greatly  to  the  spirit  of  the  times.     He  was  small  of  stature  and  somewhat 
bent  in  form.     He  was  sharp  and  fearless  in  his  denunciation  of  sin.    After 
the  war,  he  organized  no  less  than  nine  churches  in  Ulster  County 


THE   MINISTRY  349 

Possessed  of  a  vigorous  constitution,  when  over  eighty  years  of  age  he 
could  yet  ride  on  horseback  between  his  two  charges.     He  never  became 
well  skilled  in  the  English  language.     He  loved  to  preach  in   Dutch.     He 
was  a  man  of  deep  thought,  holding  strongly  to  the  Calvinistic  doctrines, 
and  dwelling  much  on  experimental  religion,  election,  particular  atonement, 
depravity,   regeneration,  and   final   perseverance. — Rev.   John    Manley.     He 
was  teaching  a  Latin  scliool  at  New  Paltz,  1793. — "Ostrander's  Life,"  22. 
Goetschins,  Stephen  Z.,  b.  1795,  at  New  Paltz   (s.  of  Stephen  Goetschius), 
studied  under  Froeligh,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1819;    Miss,  at  Manheim,   1822, 
seceded,  1823,  Danube  and  Osquak,  1823-4,  suspended.     (Report  Miss. 
Soc,  1823,  p.  8.)     Re-entered  R.D.C.  as  a  candidate  of  the  Classis  of 
Paramus,   April    16,    1828.     Canastota,    S.S.,    1836-7,    afterward    in   the 
West. 
Gorby,  L  L,  S.S.  at  Pekin.  111.,  1892-3. 

Gordon,  M.  R.,  Schaghticoke,  1890-4,  Glenville,  2d,  1895-1901.    Became  Pres- 
byterian. IQ02. 
Gordon.  William  R.,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  Mar.  9.  181 1 ;    N.Y.U.  34,  N.B.S.  zj,  1.  Ci. 
N.Y. ;     North    Hempstead,    Jan.,    38-42,    Flushing,    42-9,    Houston    St., 
N.  Y.  C,  49-58,  Schraalenburgh,  58-80,  w.  c.     Died  March  30,   1897. 
S.T.D.  by  C.C.  1859. 
Dr.  Gordon  was  a  keen  thinker  with  a  style  more  literary  than  oratorical. 
He  was  quick  in  debate  and  sharp  of  speech,  which  sometimes  gave  offense 
to  those  who  did  not  understand  his  kindly  heart.     To  those  who  were  in 
need  his  sympathy  and  aid  were  prompt  and  generous. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Publications  :    See  Manual,  1902. 
Gosman,  John,  b.   1784,  in  N.  Y.  C. ;    C.C.   1801,  studied  under  Mason  and 
Proudfit,  1.   Presbyt.  of  Washington,   1804   (supplied  Lansingburgh  and 
other   chs.    1804-8);     Kingston   and    Hurley,    1808-11,    Kingston,    11-35, 
Philadelphia,    2d    (8th    St.),    35-6,   Westerlo,    S.S.    36-8    (Port    Byron, 
Presbyt.  38-41),  supplied  Coeymans  and  New  Baltimore,  41-2,  Hudson, 
42-53,  Flatbush,  Ulster  Co.,  54-9,  d.   1865.     Elected  a  trustees  of   R.C. 
1825.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1833. 
He  was  a  man  of  genial  disposition,  abundant  in  labor  and  of  unction  in 
prayer.     He  was  by  virtue  of  his  character  a  kind  of  bishop  over  neighbor- 
ing churches  and  he  was  noted  for  his  ability  to  raise  money  for  benevolent 
purposes. 

See  Manual,  1902. 
PuBLrc.\Tioxs :  "A  Family  Prayer-Book."  "Questions  on  the  Gospels 
and  Acts,  for  Bible  Classes."  "Sermon  at  the  Funeral  of  Rev.  J.  C.  Van- 
dervoort."  "Sermon  at  the  Funeral  of  Professor  James  Cannon,  D.D." 
An  article  on  "Nearing  Home"  (Presb.  Board).  Articles  in  "Sprague's 
Annals  of  American  Reformed  D.  Pulpit,"  on  Rev.  Elias  Van  Benschoten 
and  Rev.  Dr.  Jacob  Brodhcad. 
Gosselink,  Marion  G,  b.  March  2,  1890,  Pella,  la.     H.C.  1915.     N.B.S.  1918. 

1.  by  CI.  N.B.    South  Branch,  1918 

Gouwens,  Tunis  E.,  b.  South  Holland,  111.,  July  13,  1886.  H.C.  1909. 
P.S.  1909-10.  N.B.S.  1912.  1.  by  CI.  N.B.  Fort  Washington,  Col. 
Ch.,  N.  Y.  C,  Ass.,  1913-15;    Mountain  Lakes,  N.  J.,  1915-1921.     (Pres. 

Louisville,  Ky.,  2d.  1921 ). 

Publications:   Sermons  in  various  periodicals. 
Gowcn,   Isaac  Wm.,  b.   New   Brunswick,    N.   J.,   Dec.   29,    1858;     R.C.    79, 
N.B.S.    83,    1.    CI.    N.B.;     Cold    Spring,    N.    Y.,    83-5.    New    Durham, 

1885 .     Pres.  Gen.  Syn.  191 5.     Member  Council  H.C.     Member  Bd. 

Supt.  -W.T.S.     Member  Bd.  Supt.  N.B.S.     Member  Bd.  D.M.     Corre- 
sponding Sec.  Bd.  of  Publication  1893.     Member  Executive  and  Admin- 
istration Com.  of  Federal  Council  of  Chs.     D.D.  R.C.   1902. 
Publications:    Ed.   of   "Mission   Field,"    1888-92.     Assoc.   Ed.   of   "Ch. 
Int."    "Expositions  of  S.S.  Lessons,"  1890 .    Articles  for  Press. 


350  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Graham.  Jas.  Edward,  b.  Catskill,  N.  Y,  July  22,   1849;    R.C.  71.  N.B.S, 
78,  1.  CI.  Schoharie;    Cherry  Hill,  N.  J.,  78-80,  Greenville,  N.  Y.,  80-9, 
Amity,  1889- 191 4. 
Gramm,    Gustavus    E.      Gym.    of    Halle,    Prus.,    1844,    tutor,    44-56,    1.    CI. 
Maryland   (G.R.),  57   (Baltimore,  5th,  G.R.,  56-9,  Bethlehem's  Ch.  of 
Philadelphia,   59-61)  ;     Philadelphia,  4th,    1862-7.     Physician   1867-1901. 
d.  Nov.  2. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1902,  203. 
Grant,  Henry  J.,  R.C.  1865,  N.B.S.  68,  1.  CI.  Geneva;    traveled  in  Europe, 
Syria,    and    Palestine,    1868-70;     on   account   of    ill-health   had    license 
revoked  about  1872.     An  insurance  agent  at  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
Grant,  J.  Edward.     Presbyterian.     Hawthorne,  N.  J.,  1901-06;    Fultonville, 

N.  Y.,  1906-13  .  Pres.  1915. 
Grant,  J.  W.    Cong.  1903.    Glen  Rock,  1903-11.    LL.D. 

Grant,  William  D.,  b.  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  Sept.  29,  1853;    Univ.  Toronto, 
80-3;    Knox  Coll.,  Ontario,  84;    U.T.S.  87;    ord.  by  Presbyt.  N.  Y.,  88 
(assist,  pastor,  Broome  St.  Tab.,  N.  Y.  C,  87-9)  ;    South  Bergen,  Jersey 
City,  89-96;    in  Europe,  1897.    Ph.D.,  U.N.Y.,  1893. 
Grasmeer,  Wilhelmus  (son-in-law  of  J.  Megapolensis),  Grafdyck,  Holland, 
16.. -49,  suspended;    c.  to  America,  1651 ;    Rensselaerwyck,  1651-2,  re- 
turned to  Holland. 
The  church  of  Rensselaerwyck  having  lost  the  services  of  Megapolensis, 
by  his  removal  to  New  Amsterdam,  was  exceedingly  anxious  for  a  pastor. 
But  the   Classis  of   Amsterdam   could   not   immediately   succeed   in   finding 
one.     Grasmeer  had  been   suspended,   and   perhaps   deposed,   by  the   Classis 
of  Alckmaer,  for  drunkenness,  quarreling,  and  other  things.     Without  per- 
mission of   his  Classis  he  determined  to  come  to  America,   having  secured 
certificates    from    Rev.    Mr.    Knyff   and   his   own   former   Consistory.      The 
Classis  of  Amsterdam  wrote  letters  to  its  two  churches  in  America,  warn- 
ing them   against   him.      Nevertheless,   the   church   of    Rensselaerwyck   was 
induced  by  the  certificates  to  accept  him  as   their  pastor.     Upon   his   first 
arrival    he    had    accompanied    Stuyvesant   on    his   expedition    to    the    South 
River,  in  July,   1651.      ("Col.  Hist.  N.  Y.,  i,  597,  599,  60G.)      He  preached 
with  accceptance  to  the  people.     But  the  Synod  of  North  Holland  confirmed 
his  suspension,  and  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  again  wrote  to  him,  and  to 
the  two  churches,  directing  them  no  longer  to  countenance  him,  and  com- 
manding him  to  return.     In  this  they  were  sustained  by  the  West   Indian 
Company.     In  1652  he  accordingly  went  back  to  Holland,  with  warm  testi- 
monials, asking  that  he  might  be  qualified  to  return.     This  was  not  granted. 
Gray,  Andrew,  b.   1764;    studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  Synod  of  R.  D. 
Chs.    1790;     Poughkeepsie,    1790-4,    Miss,    to   the    Susquehanna    Region 
(Hanover),  1793-96,  Danville,  Angelico,  Sharon,  Karr  Valley,  and  Tus- 
carora,  1797-1819.     d. 
He  was  driven  from  his  home  by  the  British,  in  the  war,  and  his  books 
and  property  destroyed.     "Mints.   CI.   N.    B.,"   ii,   33,   54,   72,   77,    I04.   etc. 
An  interesting  letter  from,   1809,  in  "Christians'  Mag.,"  iii,   105.     See  also 
"Centen.  Disc,"  509. 

Gray,  John,  b.  at  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  1792,  educated  and  ordained  in  Scot- 
land,  about   1815    (Miss,   in   Russian   Tartary,    1818-25,   Dom.   Miss,   in 
England,    1825-33),   c.   to   America.    1833;     Fallsburgh    (Woodbourne), 
33-5,  Schodack,  35-46,  Cohoes,  47-8,  (Client,  ist,  48-55,  Cicero,  56-7,  d. 
1865.    See  "Manual"  of  1879. 
Gray,  John,  b.   1799.     Currytown,  1830-32.     d.  1877. 
Gray,  William,  Tyre,  1839-46. 
Green,  Harold  Edward,  b.  Nyack,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  16,  1880.     R.C.  1906.    N.B.S. 

1909.    1.  by  CI.  S.L.I.  1909.     South  Bound  Brook,  1909 

Greene,  Elijah  Warner,  b.  New  Lebanon,  N.  Y.,  March  8,  1856;  U.C.  82, 
Hartford  Sem.  85,  lie.  Presb.  Westchester,  84  (Presbyt.  Miss,  in  Utah, 
85-92,  Superintendent  of   Public  Schools  in  Utah,  90-3,  Presbyt.  Ch., 


THE   MINISTRY  351 

Oskaloosa,   Kan.,   93-4)  ;     New    Salem,   N.   Y.,  94-6,   Philadelphia,   2d, 
96-8,  Keyport,  N.  J.,  98-1901,  Livingston,  N.  Y.,  1901-1903.     S.S.  Brook- 
lyn, N.  Y.,  New  Lots,  1903-04,   (Episcopalian — Mitchel,  S.  D.,  1904-06, 
Vermilion,   S.  D.,   1906-08,  Unadilla,  N.  Y.,   1908-10,  Franklin,  N.  Y., 
1910-15.)     d.  Feb.  13. 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  191 5,  603. 
Gregory,  Oscar  H.,  b.  Hobart,  Delaware  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  27,  1809;   Amherst 
Coll.  28,  P.S.  and  N.B.S.  31,  1.  CI.  N.B.;    Farmerville,  N.  Y.,  31-38, 
Washington  and  Gibbonsville   (West  Troy,  South,  and  North),  38-43» 
West  Troy,  North,  43-70,  w.  c.     D.D.  by  U.C.   1853.     Pres.  of   Gen. 
Synod  i860.     Died  Dec.  11,  1885. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications  :  "Sermon  on  the  Death  of  David  A.  Abrahams,  Esq.,  a 
Ruling  Elder  at  West  Troy,"  1844.  Essay  on  "Fashion,"  "Am.  Magazine." 
"Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Martin  Whitbeck,  Esq.,  a  Ruling  Elder  at  West 
Troy,"  1858.  "The  Glory  of  God's  House."  "A  Sermon  at  the  Re-dedi- 
cation of  Church  at  Farmer  Village,"  1857.  "Memoir  of  Andrew  Meneely, 
Esq.,"  American  Tract  Society. 

Gregory,  Thos.  B.,  c.  from  England,  1833,  1.  Presbyt.  of  Onondaga,  1833; 
Canastota,  S.S.,   1834-5,   Prattsville,   1836-40,  Oyster  Bay,   1841-4,   Gra- 
hamville,  1844-8,  Miss,  at  Hoboken,  1850-4,  Huguenots,  S.  L,  1855-60, 
w.  c.    d.  1871. 
Publications:    "Ezekiel's  Wheel;   or,  Providence  of  God  in  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  World,"   1857,   1859. 

Griffin,   Walter   Timothy,   b.    1852   at   Flatbush,    Ulster   Co.,    N.   Y. ;     R.C. 

1875,  N.B.S.   1878;    lie.  CI.  Ulster;    Jersey  City,  Central  Av.,   1878-81, 

Bedford,  Brooklyn,  81-6,  1887-1906,  U.  S.  Consul  at  Limoges,  France, 

d.  Dec.  13,  1907. 

He  was  a  versatile  man  of  great  optimism.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,   1908, 

233. 

Publications:  "The  Hofnes  of  Our  Country,  Centres  of  Moral  and 
Religious  Influence,"  1881,  pp.  640. 

Griffis,  Wm.    Elliot,   b.   in    Philadelphia,   Sept.  .17,    1843;    R-C.   69,    N.B.S. 
69-70;    in  charge  of  Knox  Mem.  Chapel,  N.  Y.  C,  May-Nov.,  70;    in 
Government  Educational  Work  in  Japan,  70-4,  U.  S.,  75-7;    lie  Man- 
hattan Cong.  Assoc,  April  3,  jj,  and  by  CI.  Schenectady,  May  22,  77 ; 
Schenectady,    ist,    77-86,    Professor   of    Mental    Science,    U.C.    1883-4, 
(Boston,  Alass.,  Shawmut  Cong.  Ch.,  86-93,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,   ist  Cong. 
Ch.,  1893-1903,  D.D.  by  U.C.  1884,  L.H.D.    R.C.  1899.     "Resigned  ac- 
tive   pastorate    to    help    Orientals    and    Occidentals    understand    each 
other." 
In  1870  he  went  to  Japan  for  the  purpose  of  organizing  schools  and  was 
successively    Superintendent    of    Education    in    the    province    of    Echizen 
(1871)    and   professor   of    physics    in   the    Imperial    University   of    Tokyo 
(1872-4.)     Always  busy  in  literary  work,  since  1903  he  has  devoted  himself 
exclusively  to  it.     Beside  his  interest  in  the  Orient  and  his  works  thereon, 
he   has   travelled   extensively   in   Holland   and   interpreted   the   Dutch   his- 
tory and  character  to  the  American  people.     He  is  an  honored  member  of 
several  Literary  Societies  of  Europe  and  America. 

Dr.  Griffis  is  one  of  the  most  voluminous  writers  in  America.  His  lit- 
erary  work   may  be   grouped   as    follows : 

1.  Writing  50  years  for  the  "Christian  Intelligencer." 

2.  Many  contributions  to  periodicals  and  encyclopaedias. 

3.  18  books  relating  to  Japan. 

4.  4  books  relating  to  Korea. 

5.  3  books  relating  to  Pilgrim  Fathers. 

6.  6  books  relating  to  Holland. 

7.  Various  others  on  China,  Belgium,  Scotland,  England,  etc. 


352  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Griglio,  Petro,  Reed,  from  Pres.  Ch.   1917,  Waldensian,  N.Y.C.   1919-1920, 

Presbyterian    1921. 
Griswold,  John  Valentine,  b.  Mich.,  1837;    U.C.   1865,  U.S.   1868    (Wash- 
ingtonville,  N.  Y.,  Presb.,  1868-71)  ;    Miss,  pastor  of  Bethany  Chapel, 

Brooklyn,  1871-2;    (Port  Jefferson,  L.  I.,  1872 

Groenveld,  John   C,   H.C.    1877,   N.B.S.    1878-80,   Fynaart   and    Saugatuck, 

1881-2.     Suspended   for   schism. 
Grootenhuis,   see   TeGrootenhuis. 

Grooters,  Peter,  b.  Orange  City,  la.,  Oct.  25,  1875,  H.C.  1903,  W.T.S.  1906, 
1.  by  CI.  Iowa,  Churchville,  Minn.,  1906-08,  Greenleafton,  Minn.,   1908- 
16,  Otley,  la.,  1916-1920,  Classical  Miss.  Col.  East  Sioux,  1920,  S.C.  CI. 
Pella   1917-20. 
Gros,  John  Daniel,  b.  in  Germany,   1737   (Northampton,  Allentown,  Egypt, 
Jordan,  and  Schlosser's  Church,  176.. -70,  Saucon  and  Springfield,  1770- 
3)  ;    Kingston,  Ger.,  1773-1783,  Ger.  Ref.,  N.  Y.  C,  1783-95,  Prof,  of 
Gen.    Lang,    and    Geography    in    Columbia    College,    1784-95,    Prof,    of 
Moral  Philosophy  in  Columbia  College,  1787-95   (Canajoharie  and  per- 
haps S.S.  at  Stone  Arabia,  1796-1800)  ;    died  May  25,  1812.     Regent  of 
U.N.Y.  1784-7.    Trustee  of  Colum.  Col.  1787-92.     S.T.D.  by  C.C.  1789. 
He  had  been  a  pupil  of  Kern,  and  became  the  instructor  of  the  illustrious 
Milledoler.     During  the   Revolution   he   was   exposed  to   many   perils   as   a 
pastor  of  a  church  on  the   frontier.     He  removed  to  New  York   State  on 
account  of  want  of  love,   stubborn  conduct,  neglect  to  attend  worship,  and 
non-payment  of  salary  o£  his  churches  in  Pennsylvania.     He  was  Chaplain 
of  the  regiment  of  levies  for  the  immediate  defence  of  the  state,  appointed 
by  the  N.   Y.   Council,   April  27,   1781,   under   Lieut.-Col.   Marinus   Willett. 
On  April   10,   1782,   he  was  appointed  Chaplain  to  two  regiments  of   levies 
for  the  defence  of  the  frontier  of  the  state.     ("Harbaugh's  Lives,"  ii,  391). 
Upon  his  removal  to  New  York  City,  he  published  "Natural  Principles  of 
Rectitude,  a  Systematic  Treatise  on  Moral  Philosophy,"  8vo,  1795.     He  be- 
came wealthy  by  buying  soldiers'  land  warrants.     The  last  ten  years  of  his 
life  were  spent  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Plain  on  a  farm.     See  "Dr.  Francis' 
Old   New  York,"   p.  47,   and   "Drake's   Cyc."     Also   Art.   in   Milledoler,   in 
"Sprague's  Annals." 

Grull,  John  Derk,  b.  Nimeguen,  Neth.,  Feb.  i,  1874.  Valparaiso  Univ. 
1900.  N.B.S.  1903.  1.  by  CI.  of  N.B.  Upper  Walpack,  1903-05,  Rosen- 
dale  Plains  and  Dashville  Falls,  1905-07,  Goodland,  Ind.,  1907-11,  Volga, 

S.  D.,  1911-17,  Bemis,  S.  D.,  1918-1920,  Litchville,  N.  D.,  1920 

Gruys,  Wm.  S.,  b.  Zaandam,  Neths.,  Ap.  9,  1868;  H.C.  95,  W.S.  98,  1.  CI. 
Holland;  Bethany  (Sully,  111.),  1898— — .  Silver  Creek,  Maple  Lake, 
Minn.,  1905-09;  North  Blenden,  Mich.,  1909-13;  Newton,  111.,  1913-15; 
Portage,  Mich.,  1916-18;    Rehoboth,  Lucas,  Mich.,  1918-20.     Presbytery 

of  Florida,  1920 

Guenther,  August,  b.  Germany,  1845,  educated  in  Germany.     Brooklyn,  Ch. 

of  Jesus,  1893-1902.     d.  June  30,  1908. 

See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1909,  528. 

Guenther,    John    Charles,    b.    Newark,    N.    J.,    Oct.    12,    1858;     Col.    Dep. 

Bloomfield,  N.  J.,  76;   Theolog.  Dep.,  79;    U.S.  1879-80;  ord.  by  Presb., 

Newark    (Holton,   Kan.    (Ger.),   80-3;     City   Missionary,    Philadelphia, 

83-4)  ;    Brooklyn,  N.  Y., ,  1884-5   (Ger.  Presb.,  Newark,  1885-6)  ; 

Brooklyn,  Ger.  Evang.,  1886-1900,  Church  of  Jesus,  Brooklyn,   1902-03. 
d.  June  17,  1903. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1905,  2.']2. 
Guldin,  John  C.   (great-grandson  of  Rev.  Samuel  Guldin,  the  Pietist),  b.  in 
Bucks   Co.,   Pa.,   1799,  studied  theology  under  Herman,   lie.   1820    (?); 
(Chester  and  Montgomery  Cos.,  Pa.,  20-41,  Franklin  Co.,   Pa.,  41-2)  ; 
N.   Y.   C.   Ger.   Evang.   Miss.,   Rivington   st.,   42-63,  d.     Also   General 
Missionary  to  the  Germans  in  N.  Y.  C,  42-52. 
He  was  the  Apostle  of  the   Germans    for  many  years.     The   master   of 


THE   MINISTRY  353 

two  languages,  he  was  the  chief  link  between  the  American  and  German 
elements  in  the  American  church.  While  ministering  in  the  German  churches 
in  Pennsylvania,  he  experienced  a  great  change,  acc|uiring  new  views  of  true 
religion,  or  at  least  having  a  slumbering  piety  quickened.  He  became,  hence- 
forth, indefatigable  in  his  labors,  and  with  tears  implored  men  to  seek  Christ. 
He  had  great  revivals.  He  moulded  the  religious  character  of  his  churches, 
especially  in  Pennsylvania,  where  the  population  was  not  transient. 

In  New  York  his  labors  were  Herculean.  Besides  the  charge  of  a  con- 
gregation, he  was  for  ten  years  General  Missionary  to  all  the  Germans, 
superintended  the  issue  of  German  publications  in  the  Tract  Society,  and 
was  the  general  counselor  and  patriarch  of  all  those  of  his  own  nationality 
who  came  to  our  shores.  He  also  was  the  principal  agent  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  German  Hymn  Book,  since  adopted  by  the  Presbyterians  for 
their  German  churches. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:    A  German  Hymn-Book.     Editor  of  German  Edition  of 
the  "Sower."     "Vol.  of  Sermons,  in  German,"  pp.  600,  1853. 
Gulick,  Albert  Voorhees,  b.   Somerset  Co.,   N.  J.,  July  30,   1830;    R.C.   57, 
N.B.S.  60,  1.  CI.  N.B.;    Jerusalem,  60-5.  also.  Union,  60-4,  and  Ones- 
quethaw,   64-5,   Spring   Lake,    111.,   66-72,   Norwood    Park,   72-82    (Wil- 
mington, III,  Presbyt.,  82-9.  Killiam  Citv,  Wis.,  89-1895. 
Gulick,  Alex.,  b.  N.  Y.  C.  1814;    R.C.  35.  P-S.  35-7.  U.S.  38-9  (Mt.  Pleasant, 
Greenville,  and  Union.  O.,  4C-4)  ;    Woodstock,  45-59.  West  Hurley,  59- 
64   (Bridgeville.  Del.,  66-8.  Jasper.  N.  Y..  69-73,  Kingswood,  W.  Va., 
74-5)  ;  re-entered  R.C. A.  1875,  w.  c.    Died  Ap.  i,  1887.     See  "P.S.  Gen. 
Cat."  and  "U.S.  Cat."     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.."  1887.  436. 
Gulick.   Charles   Wvckoff.   b.  near   New   Brunswick.   N.   J.,   Oct.   22,    1865; 
R.C.  95,  N.B.S.  98.  1.  CI.  N.B.;    Montclair  Heights,  1898-1903;    New- 
ark. North.  Ass.,  1903-1906;    Schraalenberg,  Dumont,  N.  J.,  1906-1918; 

N.  Y.  C.  Manor  Chapel,  ip2i 

Gulick,  George  W.,  b.  South  Branch,  N.  J..  May  19,  1876.  R.C.  1901. 
N.B.S.  1904,  1.  by  CI.  N.B.  Shawangunk,  1904-07;  Jerusalem  and 
Onesquethaw,  1908-09;  Plattskill.  1909-14;  High  Woods.  N.  Y.,  1912- 
14;  Shandaken  and  Shokan,  1915-17.  S.S.  Briarcliff  Cong.  Ch.,  1917-18. 
(Presbyterian,     Newark,     Weequahic,     1919-1921)  ;      Esopus      (Ulster 

Park),  1921 .     Supt.  Westchester  Co.    S.S..  Ass..  1917-19- 

Gulick.  Jacob  I.,  b.  Griggstown.  N.  J.,  Dec.  22,  1830.     Colporter  in  N.  Y. 
and  111.     Blooming  Grove,   1884-7,  Tyre,  88-91.   Macon  and  S.   Macon, 
91-5.  Constantine.  95-8,  Fairview.  111.,  98-1900.  Pennsylvania  Lane,  111., 
1901-1903.  Missionary.  Middletown,  111.,  1903.     d.  Jan.  11,  1914. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1914,  246. 
Gulick.  Nelson  J.  '  Gansevoort  and  Northumberland    (Bacon  Hill),   1893-5. 
Gulick,  Uriah  D.,  b.  in  Somerset  Co.,  N.  J.,  Sept.  19,  1835;    RC.  59.  N.B.S. 
62,  1.  CI.  N.B.;    Pekin,  111.,  62-70,  Norwood  Park,  70-2,  Chicago,   (Am. 
Ref.).   72-5,   Brooklyn,    12th   St.,   75-88,    Steinway,   90-1900.      Supplying 
churches,    d.  Vineland,  N.  J.,  Jan.  31   1910 
See  Min  Gen.  Syn.  1910,  822. 
Gunn,  Alexander,  b.  1785,  C.C.  1805,  studied  under  Dr.  Kollock,  of  Prince- 
ton, and  Dr.  Rodgers,  of  N.  Y.  C,  lie.  by  Presbvt.  N.  Y.,  1809;    Bloom- 
ingdale,  1809-29,  d.     A.M.  bv  C.N.J.  1805.     S.T.D.  by  Allegheny  Col., 
18.. 
His  talents  as  a  writer  and  preacher  were  of  a  very  high  order.     He 
possessed  an  original  and  lively  imagination,  which  threw  around  the  pro- 
ductions  of    his    well-furnished    and    highly-cultivated    mind    a    charm   that 
fixed  the  attention  and  commanded  the  respect  and  admiration  of  his  hearers 
and  the  readers  of  his  works.     He  was  among  the  best  and  most  popular 
preachers  in  New  York.     He  also  held  a  powerful  pen  in  the  department  of 
theological   controversy.     The   facility,  ability,  and  taste  which  marked   his 
writings  secured  for  him  an  imperishable  honor — that  of  being  selected  by 


354  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    I.N    AMERICA 

the  General  Synod  as  the  individual  best  qualified  to  write  the  biography  of 
their  distinguished  professor,  Livingston.  He  performed  the  task  to  the 
entire  satisfaction  of  the  Synod. 

His  piety  was  unfeigned.  From  the  time  of  his  father's  death,  at  the 
early  age  of  thirteen,  he  conducted  family  worship.  His  early  impressions 
grew  stronger  with  increasing  years.  In  his  last  sickness  the  Lord  tested 
his  faith,  so  that  he  exclaimed  to  a  friend,  "The  Lord  is  trying  me  in  deep 
waters,"  but  he  also  granted  him  a  joyous  and  glorious  deliverance.  His 
last  words  were,  "Lord  Jesus,  receive  my  spirit."  His  son,  Rev.  Lewis  C. 
Gunn,  C.C.  1830,  P.  S.  1832;  afterward  became  an  editor.  "Mag.  R.  D.  C." 
iv,  158,  256,  257.  289.     "Sprague's  Annals." 

Alanual,  1902. 

Publications:  (Pseudonym,  Clericus,  in  "Mag.  R.  D.  C.").  A  Sermon 
Commemorative  of  Rev.  John  N.  AbeeJ,  D.D.  1812.  (See  also  "Mag. 
R.  D.  C."  iv.  289.) — A  Sermon  on  Intemperance.  18 13. — A  reply  to 
"Whelpley's  Triangle."  1817. — Two  Letters  to  a  Clergyman  of  R.D.C.,  on 
the  Question  whether  a  man  may  lawfully  marry  his  deceased  wife's  sister. 
(Clercius.) — Reasons  in  Favor  of  the  Erasure  of  the  Law  Forbidding  such 
Marriage.  8vo,  pp.  38.  1827. — A  Sermon  Commemorative  of  Rev.  Dr.  John 
H.  Livingston.  1828. — Memoirs  of  Rev.  John  H.  Livingston,  D.D.  8vo, 
pp.  540.  1829.  Second  edition,  abridged,  i2mo,  pp.  405.  1856.  ("Prince- 
ton Review,"  ii.  150.) — Miscellany,  by  Gunn  and  Rowan.  "Evang.  Guardian 
and  Review."  1817.  (See  also  "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iv.  289.) 
Gutweiler,  Ernest,  b.  N.  Y.  C.  Feb.  i,  1853.  Col.  C.  N.Y.  1874.  N.B.S. 
1877.  1.  by  CI.  N.Y.  Long  Island  City,  1877-1884;  Hicksville,  L.  I., 
1884-1910.     d.  April  15,  1920. 

See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1920,  283. 

Haan,  Enno  R.     Wortendyke   (HolL),  1890-92.     (Chr.  Ref.  Ch.). 

Haan,  Gilbert  G.,  b.  Oct.  7,   1862,  Vriesland,   Mich.     H.C.   Calvin  C.   1890. 

Calvin  Sem.  1893.     1.  by  CI.  Holland.     Chr.  Ref.  Ch.  1893.     (Chr.  Ref. 

Ch.      Borculo,    Mich.,    1893-96,    Home   Missionary,    1896-98,    Muskegon, 

1898-1900,    Home    Missionary,    1900-1911.      Leave   of   Absence    1911-15. 

Pella,  la.,  2d,  1915-21).     Pella,  la..  Bethel,  1921 

Hadson,  Warnerus,  ordained  for  New-Amstel,  1662,  but  died  on  the  passage 

over,  1664. 
Haeger.   John    Frederic,   born   at    Siegen,    1684.      Matriculated   at    Herborn 
University,  July  5,  1703;    matriculated  at  University  of  Lingen   (on  the 
borders   of    Holland)    about    1705,   and    left    there   on    Nov.    14,    1707; 
licensed  to  preach  by  the  Consistory  of  Siegen,  Feb.  14,  1708;    went  to 
London  with  the  Palatine  emigrants,   1709;    ordained  by  the  Bishop  of 
London,  Dec.  20,  1709;    came  to  America,  1710;    acted  as  an  Episcopal 
minister  among  the  Reformed  Germans  and  Lutherans  along  the  Hud- 
son, 1710-1721,  died. 
Haeger  appears  with  the  Palatines,  in  London,  in  1709.     The  Society  for 
Propagating  the  Gospel  in  Foreign  Parts   (founded  1701)   was  already  con- 
sidering  the   propriety   of   sending  a   minister  with   the   German   emigrants 
to   the   New   World.     The   Archbishop   of    Canterbury   and   the    Bishop   of 
London  approved  of  this.     While  thinking  of  writing  to  Prof.  Franke,  of 
Halle,  to  recommend  a  young  man  for  this  position,  young  Haeger  offered 
his  services,  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Society  recommended  him  for  ordin- 
ation.    He  was  ordained  by  the  Bishop  of   London  on  Dec.  20,   1709.     The 
Society  offered  him  a  salary  of  £50.     He  sailed  from  Portsmouth  early  in 
1710,  with  a  company  of  Palatines.     But  the  Germans  in  New  York  did  not 
take  kindly  to  the  ritual  of  the  Church  of  England.     They  had  been  accus- 
tom.ed  to  simpler   services.     Haeger   was   greatly  disappointed  at   his  want 
of  success  in  this  direction.     Kocherthal,  the  Lutheran  minister,  who  came 
over    in    the    same    expedition,    opposed    the    efforts    of    Haeger    to    try   to 
proselyte   the   Lutherans   to    Episcopacy.     The   Lutherans   generally   turned 


THE   MINISTRY  355 

against  Haegcr.  His  only  hope  was  now  to  win  over  the  Reformed,  espe- 
cially as  they  had  no  minister  among  them.  In  Oct.,  1710,  Haeger  reports 
tliat  he  had  600  communicants ;  but  his  subsequent  reports  make  the  num- 
bers to  grow  less.  This  was,  no  doubt,  partly  owing  to  the  emigration  of  a 
hundred  members  to  Schoharie,  but  also  partly  to  the  unwillingness  of  the 
people  to  connect  themselves  with  the  Church  of  England.  In  1715,  he 
reports  458  communicants,  scattered  in  eight  places  on  either  side  of  the 
Hudson,  but  all  below  Catskill.  On  Oct.  15,  17 15,  he,  with  John  Cast  and 
Godfrey  de  Wolven,  received  permission  to  build  a  church  for  the  60  fam- 
ilies of  Palatines  at  Kingsberry,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y.  ("N.Y.  Col.  MSS." 
Ix.  41.)  On  Nov.  15,  1716,  Haeger  was  married  at  Kingsberry,  by  Koch- 
erthal  as  High  Dutch  minister,  to  Anna  Maria  Rohrbachim.  In  1716,  he 
reports  only  2^  communicants.  These  had  mostly  no  decent  place  of  wor- 
ship, and  they  objected  to  receiving  the  communion  on  their  knees,  as  Cath- 
olics did  in  their  native  land.  Neither  did  the  Society  always  pay  him  his 
salary,  so  that  he  was  sometimes  obliged  to  borrow  money.  On  his  very 
urgent  appeals,  they  sent  him  £50,  in  1721,  but  he  died  before  its  arrival. 
His  widow  married  Rev.  James  Ogilvie,  an  Episcopalian  missionary  to 
the  Indians;  Haeger  accompanied  Col.  Nicholson's  expedition  to  Canada 
m  1712.  Not  long  before  his  death,  he  officiated  at  the  marriage  of  Conrad 
Weiser,  on  Nov.  22,  1720.  He  also  labored  among  the  Indians.  With  the 
coming  of  Rev.  G.  M.  Weiss  to  the  Hudson  River  Valley,  1731,  an  end  was 
put  to  the  attempts  to  proselyte  these  Palatines  to  the  Church  of  England. 
See  Wkiss.  ("Dr.  Good's  Hist.  Refd.  Ch.  in  U.S."  143-7.  "Harbaugh's 
Lives,"  ii.  373.  "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  413,  421.  "Col.  Hist."  v.  215,  515. 
Haeghoort,  Gerardus,  ord.  by  CI.  Amsterdam,  Ap.  2,  1731 ;  arrived  in 
N.  Y.  C.  July  24,  1731,  and  at  Shrewsbury,  Aug.  3,  1731,  at  sunrise, 
where  the  whole  congregation  was  awaiting  him.  Freehold  and  Middle- 
town,  N.  J.,  1731-5,  Second  River  (Belleville),  1735-76,  d.  1783? 
He  was  sent  over  by  the  Qlassis  of  Amsterdam,  in  answer  to  a  call  of  the 
church  of  Freehold  and  Middletown,  after  the  resignation  of  Do.  Morgan. 
He  was  a  man  of  great  respectability  as  a  preacher,  and  enjoyed  the  confi- 
dence and  respect  of  his  people.  As  early  as  the  spring  of  1732,  he  was 
called  to  the  church  of  N.  Y.,  at  a  salary  of  £125,  with  £7  extra  for  fire- 
wood, and  £25  for  house-rent;  but  he  declined.  ("Minutes  Ch.  N.  Y.,"  p. 
lOi,  "Eng.  Trans.").  On  March  15,  1737,  under  advice  from  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam  to  Domines  Haeghoort  and  Van  Driessen,  the  former  wrote  to 
the  Consistory  of  N.  Y.,  uring  the  propriety  of  a  Coetus.  This  was  the 
first  formal  attempt  for  that  organization.  ("Minutes  Ch.  N.  Y.,"  123-149.) 
After  serving  in  Monmouth  County  for  four  or  five  years,  he  was  induced, 
by  the  influence  of  Col.  John  Schuyler,  to  remove  to  Belleville.  His  Consis- 
tory expressed  their  heartfelt  sorrow,  on  their  minutes,  that  they  were  so 
soon  deprived  of  his  faithful  services,  and  their  wishes  that  God  would  bless 
his  laI)ors  among  the  people  at  Second  River,  no  less  than  he  had  blessed 
them  here,  and  that  he  might  there  find  himself  no  less  beloved,  to  the  honor 
of  God's  great  name,  and  to  his  own  satisfaction. 

Hence  it  is  thought  that  he  was  perhaps  ambitious  in  so  soon  leaving  for 
a  more  eligible  field.  But  the  circumstances  of  the  church  of  Belleville 
were  peculiar.  For  valuable  gifts,  and  assistance  to  the  church,  the  Consis- 
tory had  bound  themselves  on  certain  conditions  to  allow  John  Schuyler  to 
have  a  vote  with  the  Consistory,  in  calling  any  minister,  and  also  to  sign  the 
call.  Thus  a  right  of  patronage  vested  in  the  Sciiuyler  family.  But,  about 
I753»  Mr.  Haeghoort  made  a  remark  which  greatly  offended  Mr.  Schuyler. 
He  now  atteini)ted  to  convoke  the  congregation  without  the  consent  of  Con- 
sistory. This  offended  the  Consistory ;  Mr.  Schuyler  became  an  Episco- 
palian, and  went  to  the  expense  of  having  the  Connnon  Book  of  Prayer 
rendered  into  Dutch,  and  had  an  Episcopalian  come  and  preach  in  the  church. 
The  Consistory  at  length  refused  this  privilege,  but  after  a  while  in  .some 
way  the  church  was  for  a  time  closed  against  Mr.  Haeghoort,  who  preached 


356  THE   REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

on  the  steps.  His  salary  was  also  for  a  while  withheld.  At  first  his  ministry 
was  blessed  with  converts,  but  during  the  troubles  very  few  were  added  to 
the  church.  He  was  a  conservative  member  of  Ccetus,  and  was  appointed 
to  draw  up  the  system  of  rules  for  the  government  of  that  body.  In  1751  he 
protested  against  Coetus,  because  it  gave  redress  to  a  church  and  not  to  a 
minister ;  because  it  had  an  extraordinary  clerk,  and  because  it  had  never 
been  fully  indorsed  by  Classis !  Some  personal  pique  is  evident.  He  joined 
the  Conferentie  when  they  organized,  but  not  liking  some  of  their  proceed- 
ings, in  1760  he  unceremoniously  left  them.  He  never  signed  the  articles  of 
union,  and  though  he  ministered  at  Belleville  till  1776,  he  seems  to  have  held 
himself  aloof  from  all  ecclesiastical  bodies. — See  "Ecc.  Rec." ;  many  letters; 
"Taylor's  Annals  of  the  CI.  Bergen."  Rev.  T.  W.  Wells'  "Hist.  Dis.  at 
Marlboro',"  1877. 

Publications:   Keten  der  Goddelyke  Waarheeden  die  men  geloven  en  be- 
trachten  moet  om  seelig  warden  in  haar  natuurlyk  verband  Kortlyk. . .  same 
geschalet. ..   by  G.  H.,  predicant  to  Second  River.     N.  Y.   1738.     pp.  v-t-38, 
("Copy  in  N.  J.  Hist.  Soc,  Miscel.  Pamphlets,"  Vol.  v.). 
Haeselbarth,  Wm.  G.,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1856,  w.  c.  1856-73. 
Hagar,  see  Haeger. 
Hagar,  Augustus  H.,  b.  1851,  in  Weilerboth,  Bavaria;  c.  to  N.  Y.  C,  1870; 

Ger.  Sem.  at  Bloomfield,  N.  J.,  73;    teacher  of  the  Classics,  Theolog. 

Sch.,    Dubuque,    la.,    73-6;     Ger.    Presbyt.    Ch.,    Chicago,    76-8;     Ger. 

Presbyt.   Ch.,   Lawrence,   Mass.,  78-83;     Norfolk  st.,   N.   Y.    C,  83-4; 

d.  Oct.  20. 
Hagemen,   Andrew,   b.   at    Readington,    N.   J.,    March   3,    1850;     R.    C.    71, 

N.B.S.   74,    lie.    CI.    Philadelphia;     Queens,    1875-87;     Holmdel.   87-93; 

Belleville,  93-9;    assist,  minister,  N.  Y.  C,  5th  av.  and  48th  St.,   1899- 

1909,  Ocean  Hill,  Brooklyn,  1909 

Hagemen,  Andrew  J.,  b.  at  Roycefield,  N.  J.,  Oct.  4.  1837;    R.  C.  60,  N.B.S. 

63;    1.  CI.  Raritan;    Hagaman's  Mills,  63-87,  St.  Thomas,  W.  I.,  87-90, 

supplying  churches,  1890-1912.    d.  Dec.  2. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1913,  892. 
Hagemen,  Chas.  S.,  b.  at  Harlingen,  N.  J.,  July  20,  1817;    R.C.  37,  P.S.  42, 

1.  CI.  N.B.;    Nyack,  1843-52;    Poughkeepsie,  2d,  1852-71,  Freehold,  2d, 

1871-8,  S.S.  Charlestown,  N.  Y.,  81-5,  S.S.  Presbyt.  Ch.  of  Blauvelt, 

N.Y.,  85-9,  S.S.  Norwood,  N.  J.,  90-1 ;    d.  Oct.  20,  1901.     D.D.  by  R.C. 

1862. 
Dr.  Hagemen  was  a  man  of  charming  personality,  a  wise  counsellor,  an 
attractive  preacher  and  a  faithful  pastor. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1902,  205. 
Publications:    See  Manual,  1902. 
Hageman.  George  Russell  (son  of  Rev.  Andrew  Hageman),  b.  Queens,  L.  I., 

Sept.  21,  1882.     C.C.  1905.     N.B.S.   1905-07.     New  College,  Edinburgh, 

Scotland,  1908.    1.  by  CI.  N.  Y.     Boonton,  1909-10,  Tarrytown,  2d,  1910- 

13.    Presbyterian  1914 

Hageman,  Herman,  b.   Readington,   N.   J.,  Oct.   14,   1858;    R.C.  79,   N.B.S. 

82,   1.   CI.   Raritan;     Cuddebackville,   82-87.   Clove    (High   Falls)    1887- 

1905.    Claverack,    1905 .      S.C.    CI.    Kingston,    CI.    Hudson.      Stated 

Clerk  and  Treasurer  P.S.  N.Y. 
Hagemen,  Jas.  Winthrop   (s.  of  Chas.  S.  Hagemen),  b.  at  Nyack,   N.  Y., 

Mar.  18,  1852;    C.N.J.  72,  U.S.  75,  lie.  CI.  Monmouth;    (Wausau,  Wis. 

Presb.  1875 ■ 

Hageman,  Peter  K.,  b.  Bound  Brook,  N.  J.,  Dec.  7.  1859;    R.C.  79,  N.B.S. 

82,  1.  CI.  N.B.;    Shawangunk,  82-90,  Coxsackie,   ist,  90-4,  Middletown, 

N.  J.,  1894-1902,  Central  Bridge  and  Howe's  Cave,   1904-06,  Newark, 

North,  Ass.,  1906-10.     (Presbyterian,  Liberty  Corner,  1912-16,  Laming- 

ton,   1919 ). 

Hageman,  Theodore  A.  (son  of  Rev.  Herman  Hageman),  b.  Cuddebackville, 

N.  Y.,  Jan.  10,  1886.     R.C.  1908.     N.B.S.  1908-10.     Ord.  by  Box  Butte 

Pres.    1911.      (Pres.    Missionary    in    Neb.,    1911-13).      Jerusalem    and 


THE    MINISTRY  357 

Onescjuethaw,    1913-17,    Fultonville,    1917-21,    S.S.    Auriesvilie,    N.    Y. 

Cfntreville,  N.  J.  (Athenia),  1921 

Hagenboon.     See  Hogenboon. 

Hager,  Titus,  b.  May  6,  1862,  Neth.  Private  Study  for  Ministry.  Ch.  Ref. 
Ch.  1.  by  Nederdeutsch  Church,  1893.  (Paterson,  N.  J.,  1893-5;  Grand 
Rapids,    1896-1913;     Muskegon,    1913-16).      Paterson,    People's    Park, 

1916 

Hahn,  Albert  Ferdinand  Christian,  b.  Jan.  2,  1884,  Lohardago,  Chota,  Nag- 
pore,  Brit.  East  India,  Gymnasium  (Germany),  1905.  Bloomfield  Sem. 
1908.  1.  by  Pres.  Newark.  (Pres.  Ger.  Ch.  N.  Y.  C,  1908-11.  This 
church  united  with  Ref.  Ger.  Mission  Ch.  of  Houston  St.  1911).  Formed 
Zion  German  Evangelical  N.  Y.  C,  1911. 
Publications:  Articles  for  press,  German  and  English. 
Hahn,  Godfrey  F.,  b.  British  India,  June  24,  1887.  Eden,  St.  Louis.  1910. 
Eden  Theo.  Sem.  191 3.  1.  by  Ger.  Evangelical  Synod.  (East  Green, 
Pa.,  1913-14;    Hornell,  N.  Y.,  1914-18;  Annapolis,  Md.,  1918-19)  ;  Jersey 

City,  1st,  Evangelical,  1919 

Hahn,  Theodore  F.    Ave.  B.,  N.  Y.  C,  1914-16.    Presbyterian.     M.D. 
Hainer,  John  A.,  Fort  Miller  and  Saratoga,  1892-5. 

Haines.  Francis  Stoddard,  b.  Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  Ap.  20,  1857;  C.N.J.  78, 
U.T.S.  80-3;   ord.  by  CI.  Montgomery,  84;    Canajoharie,  89-91   (Easton, 

Pa.  (Presby.).  1891 

Haines,  Matthias  L.,  b.  at  Aurora,  Ind.,  May  4,  1850;  Wab.  Col..  71,  U.S. 
74,  lie.   Presb.     Whitewater,   Ind.,   74;    ord.   N.   CI.   L.I.   74;    Astoria, 

74-85.     (Indianapolis,  Ind.,  ist  Pres.,  1885-1920;    P.E.  1920 ).     D.D. 

Wab.  Coll.  1886. 
Haken,   G.,   Elim    (Kings),   111.,    1893-6.   Lennox,    ist,    S.D.,    1896-1906.   and 

Chancellor.  S.D.,  1904-1906;    Ramsey.  la.,  1906 — — 
Halidav,  Thos.,  studied  under  Livingston,  1.  1806;    Presbyt. 
Hall,  Baynard  R.,  b.  in  Philadelphia,  1798;    C.N.J,  and  U.C.  1820,  P.S.  2^; 
ord.  by  Presb.   Salem.  25;    Bloomington,  Ind.,  and  Prof,  in  University 
of  Indiana.   1823-31,  Bedford,  Pa.,   1831-8,  teacher  successively  in  Bor- 
dentown.  Trenton.  Poughkeepsie,  Newburgh,  Brooklyn.  1838-46.  entered 
R.D.C.     In  Brooklvn  he  was  principal  of  the  Park  Institute,   1852 — .  . 
Died  1863.  Jan.  2^.'  D.D.  by  R.C.  1848. 
Dr.  Hall  had  ability,  as  an  author  and  a  scholar,  of  the  first  rank.     One  of 
the  professors  of  Princeton  remarked  at  his  graduation,  "Young  Hall,  in  ten 
or  twelve  years  is  likely  to  be  at  the  head  of  one  of  the  first  institutions  of 
learning  in  our  country."     He  has  written  several  works  which  have  marked 
him  as  a  correct  scholar,  a  master  of   "all  styles,"  and  a  vigorous  thinker. 
His  talents  received  some  of  the  most  flattering  commendations.     His  Latin 
Grammar,  published  when  thirty  years  of  age,  ranked  him  among  the  first 
classical   scholars.     "The   New   Purchase ;   or,   Seven   Years   in  the  West," 
was   very   popular   when   published,   and   the   author   was   said   to   be.    in   a 
British  review,  "a  master  of  all  styles."     Several  later  works  from  his  pen 
arc.  characterized  by  a  like  scholarly  merit. 
See  Manual,   1902. 

PuBLic.xTioNS :  "The  New  Purchase;  or.  Seven  Years  in  the  West."  1843. 
(See  Index  to  "Princeton  Review."  p.  187.) — "A  New  and  Compendious 
Latin  Grammar.  Something  for  Everybody."  1843. — "Teaching,  a  Sci- 
ence." "The  Teacher,  an  Artist."  (See  "Princeton  Rev."  1843.) — "Frank 
Freeman's  Barber-shop."  "Theories  of  Education."  "Princeton  Rev.," 
1842.     (See  "P.S.  Gen.  Cat."). 

Hall,  David  B.,  b.  Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  16.  1812;  U.C.  39.  P.S. 
42.  1.  Pawlett  Assoc.  Vt.  41  (.supplied  Wallingford.  Vt.,  41-42,  Middle 
Granville,  42-44;  ord.  Evang.  by  Cong.  Ap.  29,  46:  Columbia  (S.S.), 
44-48;  also  supi)lied,  Henderson,  47,  and  Harpcrsfield,  Del.  Co.,  N.Y., 
Presb.  49).  Cleveland,  50-54,  S.S.,  Lawyersville,  54,  New  Rhinebeck, 
S.S.,  and  Cobleskill,  54-55,  Princetown,  55-63,  Princetown  again,  65-69, 
w.  c.    Died  May  i,  1898. 


358  THE   REFORMED  CHURCH    IX   AMERICA 

See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications  :    "Geneology  of  the  Hall  Family." 

Hall,  John  G.,  Fort  Plain,  1858-63. 

Hallenbeck,  Charles  A.,  b.  Greendale,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  30,  1888.  R.C.  1914- 
N.B.S.  1917.  1.  by  CI.  Hudson.  Greenville  and  Scarsdale,  N.  Y.,  1917- 
20;  Hyde  Park,  East  Orange,  N.  J.,  1920-21.  Professor  of  Educa- 
tion and  Religion,  Beuna  Vista  College,  Storm  Lakes,  la.,  1921 

Hallenbeck,  Edwin  Forrest,  b.  Alexandria,  Va.,  Dec.  2,  1864;  N.B.S.  90 
(special  course);  1.  CI.  Albany;  Brooklyn,  North,  1890-93.  (Pres. 
Rensselaer,  ist,  1893-6;  Albany,  3d,  1 896-1 901  ;  Binghampton,  West, 
N.  Y.,  1901-07;  sth  Ave.  Pres.,  N.  Y.  C,  Associate  Pastor,  1907-09;  ist 
Pres.,  San  Diego,  Cal.,  1909.  Moderator  Synod  of  Cal.  1916-17.  Prof. 
of  Practical  Theology,  San  Francisco  Sem.,  Cal.,  1920.  D.D.  Harri- 
man  Univ.  1901. 
Publication  :    "The  Passion  for  Men,"  1904. 

Halloway,  William  W.,  b.  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  R.C.  1839.  N.B.S.  42, 
1.  CI.  Philadelphia;  Amity,  43-49,  Albany,  3d,  49-53,  Miss.  North-Brook- 
lyn- 53-5'  now  Lee  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  55-59,  Flushing,  59-65,  Broad- 
way Ch.,  Paterson,  65-71  (Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  Tz-j-j,  Mt.  Freedom, 
N.  J.,  77-85,  Morris  Plains,  N.  J.,  85-92,  all  Presbyt.).  Died  Sept. 
20,  1898. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Publications:    "Fun.   Ser. :    on  Death  of    Rev.   G.   R.   Williamson,"   in 

"Cypress  Wreath." 

Halloway,  William  Whiteman,  Jr.    (s.  of  W.  W.  Halloway),  b.   in   N.  Y. 
1843,  U.N.Y.  1864,  N.B.S.  1867,  1.  N.  CI.  L.L;   Belleville,  1867-71,  Jersey 
City,   1st,  1871-6   (Dover,  N.  J.,  Presb.,   1876-1910.     Emeritus   1910-14; 
d.  Feb.  8.    D.D.  U.N.Y.  1891. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1914.  247. 

Halsey,  Abram  Oothout,  b.  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  3,   1798;    U.C.   1822, 
P.S.   1827;    ord.    Presbyt.   of   North   River,   May   i,    1828;     N.   and   S. 
Hampton,  1829-67;    died  Aug.  23,  1868.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1859. 
He  was  a  man  of  a  child-like.  Catholic  spirit,  a  better  defender  of  the  truth 

than  of  himself.    He  was  an  eminent  preacher  who  by  choice  remained  many 

years  in  a  small  field. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Hamilton,  Wm.,  from  Presbyt.  of  Belfast,  Ireland,  1857;  New  Prospect, 
1857-63.  Went  to  Canada. 

Hamlin,  Henry  F.,  b.  Warren  Co.,  N.  J.,  Aug.  3,  1872;  LaF.  Coll.  94,  U.S. 
97;  traveling  in  Europe,  97-8;  Hyde  Park.  1901-07;  West  Troy, 
North,  1907 

Hamlin,  Teunis  S.,  b.  Glenville,  N.  Y.,  May  31.  i847-  U.S.  1867.  N.B.S. 
1868-9.  U.S.  1869-71.  Congregational  and  Presbyterian,  d.  April  7, 
1907. 

Hammond.  Eben  S.,  b.  July  27,  1815;  R.C.  1839,  N.B.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  L.L  1842; 
Stone-House  Plains,  1842-4,  Gallupville,  1844-52,  Prattsville,  1852-4, 
S.S.  Canajoharie,  1854-6,  Columbia,  1856-8  ("Schraalenburgh,  seces- 
sion," 1858-60)  ;  Miss,  to  Closter  City,  1862-4,  w.  c.  Died  1873.  See 
Fun.  Ser.  by  Dr.  W.  R.  Gordon. 

Hammond,  Israel,  b.  about  1791  ;  Owasco,  1831-9,  Mt.  Morris,  1842-5, 
Gorham,  1847-50,  emeritus,  1856. 

Hammond,  John  W.,  b.  in  Esopus,  1819;  N.B.S.  1848,  1.  CI.  Ulster,  1848; 
Shokan,  1848-9,  Grahamville,  1849-52,  Shokan,  1852-6,  Mohawk,  1856-9, 
Queens,  1859-63,  Grahamville  and  S.S.  Upper  Neversink,  1863-7,  Sho- 
kan and  Shandaken,  1867-73,  Roxbury,  1873-5,  S.S.  Columbia,  1875-6. 
d.  1876,  Nov.  23. 

Hamner,  J.  Garland,  Jr.,  b.  Annapolis,  Md.,  Dec.  25,  1861.  Marietta  Col., 
O.  Johns-Hopkins  1881.  U.T.S.  1885.  1.  by  N.  Y.  Pres.  1885.  (Pres. 
Wickcliffe,  Ch.  Newark,  1886-95,  G.S.  House  of  Hope,  1895-1904.    Gen. 


TIIK    MINISTRY  359 

Sec.  Brotherhood  of  Andrew  and  Philip,   1901-05).     Palisades,   N.  J., 

1905-07.     (Pres.  ,  N.  Y.  C,  West  End,   1907-10.     Cong.,  River 

Edge.  N.  J..  1911-14).     Belleville.  K.  J..  1915 

Publisher  and   Editor  "The   Brotherhood    Star."    1897-1905. 

Hamory,  Louis,  S.  H.,  b.  Kis-Budak,  Hungary,  Aug.  7,  1885.  Newark 
Academy  1906.  N.B.S.  1913.  1.  by  CI.  N.B.  1913.  Student  Supply — 
South  River  Mission.  1910-12,  also  at  Hudson  Mission,  Schenectady, 
1914-15:     Hudson,    N.    Y.,    (Hungarian).    1914-16;     Peekskill.    N.    Y. 

(Hungarian).  1916 ;    al.so  Manville  and  Flemington  Missions,  1918- 

20. 

Handy.  William  Collins,  b.  Aug.  10,  1835,  in  Northampton  Co.,  Va. ; 
C.N.J. ,  55,  Danville  Sem.,  Ky.,  57;  lie.  and  ord.  by  Presb.  of  Balti- 
more, 57  (Presbyt.  Ch..  Lewes,  Del,  58-9.  Canton,  Miss.,  60,  Bucking- 
ham and  Eden,  Md.,  61-5,  Principal  Washington  Academy  66-74,  New 
Scotland,  71-4)  ;  Schoharie,  74-80,  Ed.  of  "Sower  and  Mission  Alonth- 
ly,"  81-2;  Jersey  City,  Central  av.,  81-2,  Schoharie,  1892-1904.  d.  Dec. 
10.  1909. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1910,  822. 

Hangen,  Jac.  W..  b.  Philadelphia.  Pa.,  Mar.  5.  1805;  studied  theology 
under  Rev.  J.  W.  Sechant ;  ord.  by  Eastern  Sj'n.  of  Ger.  R.  Ch.,  1828; 
Columbia  and  Warren.  29-32,  Mapletown  and  Currytown,  32-6,  S.S. 
Greenport  and  Germantown,  36-7,  Upper  Red  Hook  and  Germantown, 
37-40.  (Ger.  Ref.  Ch. :  Hilltown,  Pa.,  1840.  Trappe,  Pa.,  1841-3;  d. 
Feb.  23.) 

Hankamp,  George,  b.  March  28,  1880,  Hanover,  Germany.  H.C.  1907. 
W.T.S.  1910.  1.  by  CI.  G.R.  ist,  Hamilton,  Mich.,  1910-13;  James- 
town, Mich..  2d,  1913-21  ;    Pella,  la.,  3d,  1921 

Hansen,  Andrew,  b.  Hempstead,  L.  L,  Aug.  8,  1882.  R.C.  1910.  N.B.S. 
1913.    1.  by  CI.  N.B.  1913.     Hillsborough  (Millstone),  1913-18;    Albany, 

N.  Y.,  3d,  1918 .    Editor  Somerset  Ch.  News,  1917-18. 

Publication:   "Wandering -Stars,"  1916. 

Hansen,   Maurice  G.,  b.  Amsterdam,   Holland,   Dec.    18,    1835.     R.C.    1856. 

N.B.S.  59,  1.  CI.  New  York;    Gravesend,  59-71.  Coxsackie,  71-81,  Grace 

Chapel,  Flatbush.  L.  L,  83-7,  Hagaman's  AliUs,  N.  Y..  87-93.     d.  Aug. 

27,  1904. 

See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1905,  ly-. 

Publications:    "The  Reformed  Church  in  the  Netherlands,   1340-1840," 

1884.  and  many  translations  from  the  Dutch  and  articles  in  religious  press. 

For  list  see  Manual,  1902. 

Hardenbergh.  Chs.,  b.   1776,  studied  under  Froeligh,  1.  CI.   Paramus,   1802; 

Warwick,  1804-8,  Bedminster,   1808-20,  Greenwich,  N.  Y.  C.   182C-1,  d. 

Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1812. — See  "Fun.  Ser."  by  Rev.  C.  T.  Dema- 

rest,  1821. 

Publications:    "A  Ser.  at  Bedminster."     1818.     A  couple  of  his  sermons 

of  1812  and  181 5  have  been  printed  in  "Banner  of  Truth." 

Hardenbergh,  Jacob  Rutsen,  b.  at  Rosendale,  N.  Y.,  1736,  studied  under 
John  Frelinghuyscn,  1.  by  the  American  Classis,  1758;  Raritan,  Bed- 
minster. North  Branch  (now  Readington),  Ne-Shanic,  and  Millstone 
(now  Harlingcn).  1758-6.1,  visited  Holland,  1761-3,  Raritan,  Bedmin- 
ster, and  North  Branch,  1763-81.  Marbletown,  Rochester,  and  Wa- 
warsing,  1781-6,  New  Brunswick  and  also  Pres.  of  Queens  College, 
1785-90,  d.  Oct.  30.  He  was  one  of  the  original  trustees  of  Q.C.  A.M. 
by  C.N.J.  1770.  D.D.  by  C.N.J.  1771.  S.T.D.  by  C.C.  1789. 
He  was  son  of  Johannes  Hardenbergh,  a  colonel  in  the  N.Y.  Militia.     His 

father   was    Cornelius,    who    lived    and   died   at    Kingston,    and    the    latter's 

father  was  Johannes,   who   lived   in   N.  Y.   C.  and   immigrated  to   America 

about  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century.     The  family  held  an  influential 

position  in  the  colony  from  the  earliest  period.     His  literary  education  was 

not  so  extensive  as  might  be  desired,  enjoying  only  the  advantages  of  the 


360  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Academy  of  Kingston,  N.  Y.  No  facts  have  been  preserved  in  regard  to 
the  time  or  circumstance  of  his  conversion ;  but  that  he  must  have  devoted 
himself  to  the  work  of  the  gospel  ministry  in  very  early  life  is  evident  from 
ihe  fact  that  he  was  actually  licensed  to  preach  when  only  twenty  years  of 
age.  While  pursuing  his  theological  studies  at  Raritan,  his  preceptor.  Rev. 
John  Frelinghuysen.  dying  suddenly,  he  was  chosen  his  successor,  and  im- 
mediately entered  upon  his  labors  in  a  very  wide  and  important  field.  From 
his  first  appearance  in  the  pulpit  no  doubt  was  entertained  that  he  was 
destined  to  be  one  of  the  distinguished  lights  of  his  profession,  an  expecta- 
tion which  was  abundantly  realized. 

His  ministry  while  connected  with  his  first  pastoral  charge,  teaching 
through  a  period  of  twenty-three  years,  was  a  remarkable  illustration  of  his 
ability,  energy,  and  conscientious  devotion  to  his  peculiar  work. 

His  ministry  occupied  the  important  period  of  the  distracting  controversy 
between  the  Coetus  and  Conferentie  parties,  and  in  his  own  field  of  labor 
the  dispute  was  carried  on  with  unusual  violence.  At  one  time  the  contest 
became  so  absorbing  that  the  regular  ministrations  of  the  gospel  were  sadly 
interrupted.  Mr.  Hardenbergh  warmly  espoused  the  cause  of  the  evangel- 
ical party,  and  in  connection  with  the  prominent  ministers  of  the  denomin- 
ation exerted  a  powerful  influence  in  accomplishing  the  independent  organi- 
zation of  the  Dutch  Church.  During  the  progress  of  this  controversy  he 
made  a  voyage  to  Europe,  for  the  purpose  of  bringing  over  to  this  country 
his  widowed  mother-in-law,  and  he  was  the  first  minister  ordained  in  Amer- 
ica who  had  visited  Holland.  It  is  generally  understood  that  while  abroad 
he  exerted  a  very  beneficial  influence  on  behalf  of  his  cause,  and  deserves 
much  of  the  credit  of  the  final  adjustment  of  all  difficulties. 

In  addition  to  this  violent  ecclesiastical  contest,  Mr.  Hardenbergh's  min- 
istry at  Raritan  was  cast  during  the  stormy  period  of  the  Revolution;iry  War. 
The  section  of  country  occupied  by  his  congregation  had  its  full  share  of 
sufferings.  At  an  early  period  of  the  conflict,  his  fellow-citizens  called  him 
to  a  seat  in  the  convention  that  formed  the  Constitution  of  New  Jersey,  and 
for  several  sessions  he  was  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State. 
As  to  his  political  knowledge  and  patriotism,  his  associates  in  office  testified 
their  confidence  by  appointing  him  chairman  of  important  committees,  and 
intrusting  to  him  much  of  the  business  of  legislation.  From  the  whole  of 
his  record  during  the  contest  with  Great  Britain  and  after  the  restoration  of 
peace,  we  must  rank  him  among  the  warmest  friends  of  liberty. 

His  public  zeal  on  behalf  of  his  country  often  provoked  the  enmity  of  his 
Tory  neighbors,  and  his  life  was  frequently  endangered.  He  often  slept 
with  a  loaded  musket  by  the  side  of  his  bed.  On  one  occasion,  an  expedi- 
tion of  the  Queen's  Rangers,  under  command  of  Colonel  Simcoe,  besides  ac- 
complishing their  immediate  object,  fired  the  church  edifice  of  Mr.  Harden- 
bergh, then  near  the  Raritan,  and  burnt  it  to  the  ground.  The  loss  was 
severely  felt  by  the  congregation,  and  was  not  rebuilt  until  some  time  after 
the  war  had  closed.  It  was  not  to  be  expected  that  a  ministry  occupying 
a  period  of  so  great  conflict  would  be  equally  successful  as  if  the  region 
had  been  in  a  state  of  peace.  But  the  services  he  rendered  his  country  were 
not  permitted  to  interfere  with  his  duties  to  the  Church.  He  was  not  only 
a  patriot,  but  a  Christian  minister,  and  in  this  most  important  sphere  he 
studied  to  make  every  other  consideration  subserve. 

The  trustees  of  Princeton  College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  at  the  age  of  thirty-three.  He  took  a  leading  part  in 
the  establishment  of  Queen's  College,  and  was  unanimously  appointed  the 
first  President  of  that  institution.  This  position  he  was  induced  to  accept 
in  connection  with  the  pastorate  of  the  church  in  the  city  of  New  Bruns- 
wick. Although  he  had  labored  with  great  industry  during  the  early  part 
of  his  ministry,  yet  the  amount  of  work  that  he  now  discharged  was  much 
greater  than  at  any  preceding  period.  Besides  acting  as  teacher  in  the 
several  branches  of  study  pursued  in  the  college,  as  a  minister  and  pastor 


THE    .MINISTRY  36 1 

he  was  not  excelled.  His  friends  were  often  apprehensive  that  he  was 
tasking  himself  beyond  his  powers  of  endurance,  and  ventured  to  expostu- 
late with  him  on  the  subject;  but,  realizing  the  importance  of  his  efforts, 
he  could  not  be  persuaded  to  abandon  the  work  of  the  ministry  nor  leave 
his  post  as  President  of  the  College.  He  gave  early  indications  of  pulmo- 
nary disease,  and  finally  fell  a  victim  to  this  affection.  The  closing  scene 
was  a  triumph  of  grace.  His  last  words  were,  "I  am  going  to  cast  my 
crown  before  the  throne.  Now  1  shall  go  to  rest,  for  I  shall  go  to  be  with 
the  Lord.  Hosanna !" 
See   Manual,    1902. 

"Fun.  Ser.  by  Rev.  Peter  Studdeford,"  1790.  See  "Mag.  R.  D.  C."  ii. 
347. — "Gunn's  Livingston,"  ed.  1856,  p.  380. — "Dr.  Alessler's  Memorial 
Sermons  and  Hist.  Notes,"  1874. — "Sprague'5  Annals.*" — "McClintock's 
Cyc."— "Sketch  of,  as  first  President  of  Rutgers  College,  in  the  General 
Catalogues  of  the  College." 

Hardenbergh,  James  B..  b.  June  28,  1800;    U.C.  1821,  N.B.S.  1824,  1.  by  CI. 
N.B.    1824;     Princetown    and    Helderbergh.    1824-5,    New    Brunswick, 
1825-9,  Orchard  St.,  N.  Y.  C,  1829-30,  Rhinebeck,   1830-6,  Philadelphia 
1st,  1836-40,  Franklin  St.,  later  23rd  St.,  N.  Y.  C.  1840-56,  w.  c.     Died 
Jan.  20,  1870.     Elected  a  trustee  of  R.C.  1825. 
He  came  of  godly  stock  and  devoted  himself  to  the  work  of  the  ministry 
in  his  youth.     There  was  a  remarkable  completeness  and   symmetry  in   his 
character  which  caused  him  to  be  unusually  successful  in  each  of  his  fields 
of  labor.     Even  when  compelled  to  relinquish  the  pastorate  he  continued  to 
work  for  the  Master. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  Art,  in  "Sprague's  Annals,"  on  Rev.  C.  Bork. — "Efficacy 
of  Prayer";  in  "Pulpit  Repository,"  1850. 

Haring,  Garret  A.,  b.  1825,  1.  by  Seceders,  1865;    Schraalenburgh,  1869 

(Harkness,  Jas.,  b.   1803  in   Scotland;     S.S.   Franklin  st.,   N.Y.C.,   1840;   d. 

1878.) 
Harlow,  S.  (Washington  Hollow,  N.Y.).    From  Assoc.  N.\.  1839;    Shokan, 

1839-49,  Samsonville,  1852-8,  emeritus,  d.  1861.     See  Manual  of   1879. 
Harmeling,   Henry,  b.  Oostburg.  Wis.,  Nov.  8,   1864;     H.C.  88,   N.B.S.  91, 
1.  CI.  Wisconsin;    Sheboygan,  Wis.,  91-4,  Alto,  Wis.,  94-1900;    Chicago, 
1st,  1900-1906;    South  Holland,  111.,  1906-09;    Grand  Haven,  ist,  1909- 

18;     Zeeland,    ist,    1918-21  ;     Chicago,    ist,    Roseland,    1921 .      Pres. 

P.S.C.   1908  and  1918.     S.C.  G.R.  CI.   1914-18. 
Publications  :   Articles  for  press. 
Harmeling,  Stephen  J.,  b.  Gibbsville,  Wis.,  Mar.  8,  1851  ;    H.C.  78,  N.B.S. 
81,  1.   CI.   Monmouth;     Spotswood,   N.  J.,  81-3,   Alarion,  Dak.,  83-1901, 
CI.  missionary,   N.   Yakima,  Wash.,   1901-03. 
Harper,  Jos.  A.,  b.   Ireland,   Sept.  20,   1839;    c.  to  America,  50;     R.C.  7i, 
N.B.S.   75,    lie.    CI.    N.B.;     Cortlandtown,    May    25,   75-90,    Greenville, 
1890-1905,  Schagticoke,  1905-10,  Scarsdale,  1910-17.     d.  May  13. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1917,  259. 
Harper,  Richard  H.,  b.   Plymouth,  England,  Oct.  5,   1866.     Washburn  Col., 
Kas.     Chicago  Theol.  Sem.     1.  by  Cong.  Association,  Wellington,  Kans., 
1888.     (Cong,  Chicago,  111.;    Longton,  Kans.:    St.  Francis,  Kas.;  Ellis, 
Kas.;   Fruita,  Col.  Oklahoma  City  and   Darlington,  Okl.).     Missionary 
to  Indians.     Horton  Memorial,  Shawnee,  Okl.,   1907;    Columbia  Mem- 
orial. Ass.,  1908-09;    Mescalero,  N.  M.,   1911-15;    Vennilye  Memorial, 

Okl.,  1915 .     Ass.  to  State  H.M.  Supt.  Kas.     Member  State  H.M. 

Bd. 

Publications:    Manv  articles  on  Indian  Work,  Temperance,  etc. 

Harriman,  Orlando.  C.C.  1835,  N.B.S.  38.  1.  CI.  N.Y.;    Hurley,  Jan.-July, 

1840;   became  Episcopalian.     Died  at  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  Apr.  30,   1881. 

Harris,   David   Tappen,  b.   Morristown,   N.  J.,   May   13.   1848;    lie.   by   N.J. 

M.E.  Conf.  1890;  ord.  by  CI.  Montgomery,  91;    Manheim,  91-92,  Ma- 


362 


THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 


makating,  92-95,  Port  Jervis,  2d,  95-99,  Esopus,  1899- 1907.     Taghkanick 
(West  Copake)    1907-16.     w.  c. 
Harris,  Henry  R.,  S.S.  New  Concord,  1873-4. 

Harris,  Howard,  b.  at  Belleville,  N.  J.,  July  29,  1848;    R.C.  73,  N.B.S.  76, 
He.    CI.    Newark;     Unionville,   76-83,    Missionary   to    Japan,    1884-1900. 
Hawthorne   (Unionville),   1904-10.     Instructor  in  Oriental  Dept.   Univ. 
of   Southern  California,   1910-14.     Japanese  church,  Kahului,  Hawaiian 
Island,  1914-15.     d.  Jan.  13,  1916. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1916,  935. 
Harris,  John  Ferguson,  b.   in  N.Y.C.  Oct.    13,   1828;    R.C.  53,   N.B.S.   56, 
1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  ord.  by  CI.  Poughkeepsie ;  Cold  Spring,  N.  Y.  56-57,  Pomp- 
ton  Plains,  N.  J.,  58-67,  Hurley  and  North  Marbletown,  67-76!  Hurley, 
76-78,  supplying  churches,  78-86,  Cherry  Hill,  86-91.  Spotswood,  91-93, 
Hyde  Park,  93-Jan.  98;    d.  Mar.  14. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Harsha,  Wm.  Justin,  b.  Hanover,  111.,  Apr.  20,  1853;    C.N.J.  74,  McCormick 
Sem.  77,  lie.  Presb.  Springfield,  III,  76;    ord.  by  Presb.  of  Omaha,  77; 
(Omaha  ist,  Presb.  77-92),  Harlem,  N.Y.C.  2d  Collegiate,  92-9,   (Den- 
ver, Col.  Presbyt.  ch.  of  Highland  Park,  1901 

Publications  :      "Biblical     Hermeneutics." — "Sabbath-day     Journeys."— 
"Ploughed  Under."— "A  Timid  Brave." — "Sings  as  He  Walks,"  etc. 
Hart,  Charles  Edward,  b.  at  Freehold,  N.  J.,  Feb.  28,   1838;    C.N.J.   1858. 
P.S.   61,    1.    Presbyt.    N.Y.    60;     ord.   bv   same,    Dec.   6,    63;     (40th    st. 
Presbyt.   Ch.   N.Y.C.      (Murray   Hill),   63-6):     Newark,   North,   66-80, 
Prof,  of  Eng.  Lang,  and  Lit.  in  R.C.  80-97;    Theodore  Freyliughuysen, 
Prof,   of   Ethics,   Evidences   of   Christianity,   and   the   English   Bible   in 
R.C.  1897-1907.     Professor  Emeritus,  1907-16.     d.  Dec.   16.     D.D.  R.C. 
1880. 
He  was  a  man  of  fine  literary  taste,  broad  scholarship  and  best  Christian 
refinement.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1917,  255. 

Publications:    "Courtesy";   a  sermon  preached  in  chapel  of  Rutgers  Col- 
lege, 1889,  and  pubd.  by  request. 

Hart,  John,  b.  in  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  July  17,  1843;    R.C.  1869,  N.B.S.  1872,  lie. 
CI.  Philadelphia;    Locust  Valley,  1872-5,  Neshanic,  1875-1922. 
Publications:   Articles  for  County  papers. 
Hart,  Wm.  Reese   (son  of   Rev.  John  Hart),  b.  Neshanic,   N.  J.,  Aug.  31, 
1877.     R.C.   1899.     N.B.S.   1902.     1.  by  CI.   Philadelphia     West  Farms, 

N.  Y.  C,  1902-16;    Jersey  City,  Van  Vorst,  ist,  1916 

Hartig,  Franz,  b.  in  Amorbach,  Bavaria,   1850;    Gymnasium  of  Acchaffen- 
burg;    came  to  America,  1869;  Bloomfield  Theolog.  School,  79;   (Pleas- 
ant Dale,  N.  J.,  Presb.)   82-9,  Jamaica,  St.  Paul's  Ger.  Ch.,  1889-99,  d. 
Feb.  I. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Hartley,  Isaac  Smithson,  b.  N.Y.C,  Sept.  20,   1830;    N.Y.U.  52,  U.S. .53-4. 
A.S.  54-6,  Res.  Lie.  57-8;    1.  by  Andover  Assoc.  1856;    Union  Ch.  Sixth 
av.   N.Y.C.   64-9,   Philadelphia,   2d,  70-1,   Utica,    1871-89;     Episcopalian, 
90;    Trustee  of  R.C.   1873-93.  D.D.  by  R.C.   1873.     (Great  Barrington, 
Mass.,  90-1899,  died  July  3). 
Publications  :   See  Manual,  1902. 
Hartranft,  Chester  D.   (son-in-law  of  J.  F.  Berg)  ;    b.  Frederick,  Pa.,  Oct. 
15.  1839;    U.  Pa.  61,  N.B.S.  64,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia;    South  Bushwick, 
64-6,   New  Brunswick,  2d,  66-78,   Prof,  of   Bib.   and  Ecc.   Hist,  in  the 
Hartford  Theolog.  Seminary,  Ct.  (Cong.),  78-88,  President  of  Hartford 
Theological   Sem.  and  Prof,  of   Biblical  Theolog,   1888-1903.     Engaged 
in  literary  and  research  work  in  Germany,  1903-14.     d.  Dec.  30. 
He  was  a  musical  genius  and  a  man  of  ability  in  all  lines  of  activity. 
Also   teaching   Theological    Cvclopedia   and    Ecc.    Dogmatics   and   Ethics. 
Mus.  D.  by  R.C.  1871.    D.D.  by"R.C.  1876.    Williams  1893. 
Publications:    See  Manual,  1902. 


THE    MINISTRY  363 

Hasbrouck.  Howard  Crosby,  b.  Jamaica,  L.  I..  March  i,  1S70;  R.C.  91, 
N.B.S.  94.  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Peapack,  1894-1900.  Piermont.  1900-04,  Brook- 
Ivn,  New  Lots.   1904 

Hasbrouck.  J.  R.  H..  b.  1784.  Studied  under  Froeligh.  1.  1808;  Klein. 
Ksopus,  and  Bloomingdale,  1809-13,  Charlestown.  ist.  and  Canajoharie 
(Mapletown  and  Westcrlo.  14-29),  also  Root,  now  Currytown,  I4--29- 
also  Clcn,  14-26.    d.  1854.     Sketch  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Feb.  9.  1854. 

Ha.sbrouck.  Stephen,  b.  April  24,  1794.  U.C.  181 5.  N.B.S.  1815-16.  Phys- 
ician. 

Hastings,  S.  M.  P.  Ham.  C.  1833.  Aub.  Sem.  1837,  1.  Presbyt.  Oneida; 
\'ernon,  N.  Y.,  39-48,  Pompey,  48-55,  Chittenango,  55-59.  Owasco  Out- 
let. 59.  Coxsackie,  6)-70,  Rochester.  1870-6,  d.  Feb.  24. 

Haughevoort,  see  Haeghoort. 

Hauser.  George,  Plainfiold,  (Ger.)  1894-1901  ;  Grahamsville.  1902-06; 
Claraville,  1002-06;    Unionville,  1905-06;    Plainfield   (Ger. ),  1913-21. 

Haverkamp,  Anthony,  b.  May  7.  1886,  Cedar  Grove,  Wis.  H.C.  1908. 
W.T.S.  191 1.  1.  by  CI.  Wis.  Sandham  Memorial,  S.  D.,  1911-16;  Sioux 
Centre,  la.,  1916 .    S.C.  CI.  W.S.  1918. 

Hawes,  H.  H.,  b.  Va.,  Jan.  21,  1834.  N.B.S.  1859-61.  Presbyterian  in  Vir- 
ginia,    d.  Jan.  19,  1906. 

Hawthorne,  Hugh,  1835. 

Hawxhurst.  Dan.  T..  h.  Brooklyn.  Dec.  12.  1852.  N.B.S.  1873-4.  d.  Jan. 
10.  1915. 

Havt,  S.  A.     1868,  w.  c. 

Hazenburg,  Wm.  H.C.  1872.  H.S.  1875.  He  CI.  ..;  Fulton.  111.,  1875-7. 
Passaic  (Hoi..)  i^'77-79.  returned  to  Holland;  went  to  Africa  to  labor 
among  Mohammedans. 

Hebard,  F.     S.S.  Cicero,  1857. 

Hedges,  Hugh  G.,  b.  Somerville.  Feb..  1824.  R.C.  1846,  N.B.S..  died  1848, 
Sept.  15. 

Heemstra,  Jacob,  b.  Oraqge  Citv.  la.,  Jan.  2,  1888.  H.C.  1910.  P.S.  and 
W.T.S.  1914.  1.  by  CI.  Iowa.  Chicago.  Ill,  Trinity,  1914-18.  Profes- 
sor. Central   College,   1918 .      (Psychology  and  Education). 

Heemstra,  John  F.,  b.  Orange  City.  la.,  Nov.  16.  1870.  H.C.  95.  N.B.S. 
1898.  1.  by  CI.  Iowa.  Immanuel,  Springfield,  S.  D.,  98-9,  Sioux  Centre. 
la.,  1 899- 1904,  Newkirk,  la.,  1904-06,  Principal,  Northwestern  Classi- 
cal Academy,  1906-10,  Grand  Rapids.  7th,  1910-13,  Chicago,  Roseland, 
1st,  1914-19.  Holland,  Mich.,  4th,  1919 

Heeren,   Enne  J.,  b.   in   Uttun.   East   Friesland,   Europe,   Nov.   13,    1842;    c. 
to  U.S.  with  his  parents  in   1855;    H.C.   1867,   H.S.   1870,  lie.  and  ord. 
by  CI.  Wisconsin,   Feb.  7,   1872.     Missionary  in  India.  72--.     Returned 
to  America  on  account  of  ill  health,     d.  Oct.  15,  1878. 
See  Manual.  1902. 

Heermance.  F^dgar  L.   (s.  of  Henry  Heermance)  ;  Y.C.  1858,  A.S.  61,  1.  by 
Cen.  Assoc.  New  Haven.  61  ;    Castleton.  61-9,  tour  in  Europe  and  Pales- 
tine.  69-70,   w.   c.   70-2    (White    Plains,    N.    Y.    (Presbyt.),    1872-88,   d. 
Apr.  29). 

Heermance,  Harrison,  b.  at  Rhinebeck,  N.  Y. ;    R.C.  1834.  N.B.S.  37,  1.  CI. 

Poughkeepsie ;      Currytown     and     Mapletown,     37-40      (Milton 

Presbyt.   40-3),   Buskirk's    Bridge.   44-5.    Medina.   46-51.   Jefferson   and 
Pottsford.  51-7,  Macon,  57-62,  Chaplain  128th  Reg.  N.Y.V.  1864.     Died, 
Feb.  21.  1883. 
He  devoted  himself  to  pioneer  mission  work  in  the  West.    At  the  outbreak 

of  the  Civil  War  he  threw  himself  into  the  struggle  with  an  energy  which 

shattered  his  health.     Thenceforth  he  led  a  quiet  but  useful  life. 
See  Manual.  1902. 

Heermance.  Henry,  b.  at  Nassau,  1801,  U.C,  N.B.S.  26.  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Oyster 
I^ay    and    North    Hempstead.    26-7,    Miss,    at    Stuyvesant,    2-j-%,    Sand 


364  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Beach,    March-Nov.    29,    Blawenbergh,    32-5,    Kinderhook,    35-6,    died,. 
1846.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Hegeman,  sec  Hageman. 

Heineger,  John,  Jersey  City,   ist  Ger.   1896-19CO. 

Heines,  Cornelius,  b.  Oldeboom,  Netherlands,  Aug.  4,  1862;  c.  to  Amer- 
ica, 93;  lie.  by  CI.  Illinois.  July  10,  1894;  Otley,  la.,  93-97,  Lafayette, 
Ind.,  97-8,  Danforth,  111..  98-9.  Kalamazoo,  4th,  1899-1903,  Grand  Rap- 
ids, 9th,  1903-07.  Graefschap,  1907-10,  Paterson,  Union  Reformed, 
1910-14,  Seattle,  Wash.,  1914-17.  d.  July  23,  of  accidental  poisoning. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1918,  596. 

Heinrichs.  John  H..  b.  Canarsie.  N.  J..  March  17.  1882.  Bloomfield  Acd. 
1911.  N.B.S.  1914.  1.  by  S.  CI.  L.  I.  1914.  Barren  Island,  S.S.,  1912- 
13;  Jersey  City,  West  Side,  1914-16;  Leeds,  1916-21;  Kiskatom,  S.S., 
1919-21.     S.C.  CI.  of  Green. 

Hekhuis,  Gerrit  John.  b.  Holland.  Mich.,  Aug.  2,  i860;  H.C.  85.  W.S. 
88.  1.  CI.  Holland;   Spring  Lake.  Mich.,  88-91,   Bethany  Ch.,  Roseland, 

Chicago.    1891-1906;     Overisel,    Mich.,    1906-17;     Alto,    Wis.,    1917 . 

Member  Bd.  D.M.  of  H.C.  Council,  of  Bd.  Supt.  W.T.S. 

Hekhuis,  Lambertus,  b.  in  Holland,  Mich..  1849;    H.C.  77,  N.B.S.  80,  1.  CI. 
Holland;    ord.  by  same.  Dec,  81.     Missionary  to  India   1881-1888.     d. 
Sept.  16. 
A  devoted  man  cut  down  in  his  prime.     M.D.  Univ.  N.Y.  Medical  C.  1881. 
See  Manual.  1902. 

Hekhuis.  Lambertus.  b.  S])ring  Lake.  M'ch.,  1890.    H.C.  1913.    W.T.S.  1916. 

1.  by  CI.  Holland.     Missionary  to  India,  1916 .     Principal  Voorhees 

College.  Vellore,  India.  1917 

Helfifenstein,  Albert,  b.  Philadelphia.  March  14,  1801.  U.  Penn.  1820. 
N.B.S.  1821-2.     German  Reformed,    d.  Sept.  12,  1870. 

Helfifenstein.  Samuel,  b.  Philadelphia,  Jan.  13.  1800.  U.  Penn.  1820.  N.B.S. 
1820-21.     German  Reformed,    d.  May  21,  1869. 

Hemenway.  Frank  Wilder,  b.  April  12,  i860.  Kendallville,  Ind.  Syracuse 
Univ.  82.  Four  years  M.E.  reading  course.  (M.E.  pastorates  87-93, 
Cong.,  Newton.  Kans..  93-97.  Old  Orchard.  Mo.,  97-98.  S.S.  Bright- 
wood,  Ind..  Anderson,  Ind.  Hinesburg,  Vt.,  1916-17,  Charlotte,  Vt., 
1917-19,   Boys'   Recreation   Centre,    Brooklyn,    1919).      Gallatin,    N.    Y., 

1920 .     Trustee   Fairmount   Col.      Chaplain   2d   Reg.,    Kansas    State 

Guard. 

Henderson,  William  J.,  b.  in  Pa.,  1844;  C.N.J.  70,  P.S.  "S;  Annandale, 
86-91.     For  other  details,  see  P.  S.  Gen.  Cat. 

Hendricks.  John.  b.  in  Rhinebeck,  1782;  U.C.  1808,  studied  under  Brod- 
head  and  Livingston,  lie.  CI.  N.Y.  1810;  d.  Aug.  6,  1876.  See  Manual 
of  1879. 

Hcndrickson,  Henrv  A.,  b.  Queens.  N.  Y..  Dec.  12,  1850.  R.C.  1875, 
N.B.S.  78:  lie.  N.  CI.  L.I.;  Colt's  Neck,  1878-82,  Schodack  Landing, 
N.Y.,  82-87,  Ellenville,  87-1895,  w.  c. 

Heneveld.  George  G.,  b.  Laketown,  Mich.,  March  31,  1891.  H.C.  1913. 
W.T.S.  1916.  1.  by  CI.  Holland.  KiUduff  and  Galesburg,  1916-18; 
Muskegon,  Mich.,  Unity,  1918 

Henry,  Jas.  Vernor,  b.  in  Albany,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  12,  1798;  C.N.J.  1815;  P.S. 
1821,  Ithaca,  Alar.  4.  1846-9,  supplied  Jersey  City,  ist,  1851.  Died  1873, 
Mar.  14.     See  Manual  of  1879.  and  P.S.  Cat. 

Henshaw.  Marshall,  b.  Bethany.  Pa.,  Oct.  3.  1820;  A.C.  1845.  U.S.  1846-7; 
tutor  in  Am.  Col.  1847-9.  ord.  by  Cong.  Feb..  1849;  (Prin..  Derry.  N.H., 
1849-53,  Prin..  Byfield.  Mass..  1853-9)  ;  Prof.  Nat.  Phil,  and  Math,  in 
Rutgers  Coll..  1859-63;  (Prin.  Williston  Sem.,  E.  Hampton,  Mass., 
1863-77).  Lecturer  on  Nat.  Phil,  at  Am.  Coll..  81-91.  LL.D.  by  N.Y.U. 
1863.  D.D.  by  Am.  C.  1872.  Died.  Dec,  1900. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads. 
R.C,"  1901,  5. 


THE    MINISTRY  3C5 

Herge,  Charles,  b.  Baltimore,  Md.,  April  3,  i88c.     Bloomfield  Ac.  1901-04. 
N.B.S.  1907.     1.  by  S.C.  L.I.     North  Paterson.   1907-12;    Jersey  City, 

LaFayettc,   1912-15;    Fishkill,   1916 .     Also  S.S.  Glenham,   1920 . 

D.D.  Richmond  Col.  1914. 
Herge,  Henry  John,  b.  Allegheny,  Pa.,  Nov.  22.  1875;    Bloomfield  Theolog. 
School,  Newark,  N.  J.,  1901  ;    lie.  by  Presbyt.  of  Baltimore;    Canarsie, 

1901-1909;    Athens,  1909-21;    College  Point,  1921 .     S.C.  CI.  Green. 

Member  Bd.   Supt.   N.B.S.     Ph.D.   Central   Univ.   1919. 
Herman,    Albert    Benj..    b.    Sebringville.    Ontario.    Canada.    Sept.    i.    1863; 
R.C.  87,  N.B.S.  90,  1.  CI.  N.B.;    Long  Branch,  90-7,  Mount  Pleasant', 
Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  1897-1915. 
Heroy,  George  Melanchton.  b.   Beacon,   N.   Y.,   1878  .  Mt.   Hermon,   Mass., 
1901,  Drew  Sem.  1913.     1.  by  M.E.  Ch.  1910.     Ord.  M.E.  Ch.     (M.E. 

pastorates).     Woodbourne  (Fallsborgh),  1918-19;    Boonton,  1919 

Herr,  Louis  T.    N.B.S.  1877. 

Hess,   Nicholas,   b.   Oct.    14,    1879.     Rec'd   from   Primitive    Methodist    1911, 
Gilboa  and   South  Gilboa,   1911-13;    Blue   Mountain,   1913-15.     Dis.  to 
M.E.  Ch.  1915. 
Hewling,  George.    S.S.  Ephratah,  1861. 
Heyenga,  Walter  Jasper,  b.   Dec.  5,   1888,  Germany.     Mission   House  Col. 

1917.     W.T.S.  1920.     1.  by  CI.  P.P.  1920.     Alexander,  la.,  1920— 
Heyer,  Wm.  S.,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  1798;    C.C.   15,  studied  under  Mason,   17-21. 
1.  CI.  N.Y.  21;    supplied  Philadelphia,  21,  and  Newburgh,  22,  Fishkill 
Landing,  23-51,  emeritus,   1862,  d.   1866. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Heyser,  H.  C,  from  G.R.  Ch.    New  Brooklyn,  1867. 

Hibma,  Tiede,  b.  July  13.  1890,  Sexbierum,  Neth.  H.C.  1917.  N.B.S. 
W.T.S.  1920.     Post  Graduate  P.S.  1920-21.     1.  by  CI.  East  Sioux  1920. 

Bejou,  and  Spring  Creek,  Minn.,  1921 

Hicks,  John   D.,  b.   Philadelphia,   March  9,   1870.     Ursinus  C.  and   S.   1897. 
(Ger.  Ref.  Ass.,  Lancaster.  Pa.     St.  Andrews',  Lancaster,  1901.     Grace, 
Altoona,  Pa..  1901-08,  Tioga  Ch.,  Philadelphia,  1908-12).     Philadelphia, 
1st  Ref..  1912-17.     d.  May  20. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1918,  595. 
Hicks,  W.  W.,  from  Methodist  Ch.     Lee  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  1867-8. 

Publications:    "Story  of  Ike  Cottle,"  1868. 
Hieber.  Louis,  b.  Landsberg.  Bavaria,  June  19.  1863;    R.C.  88-9,  N.B.S.  92. 
1.  CI.  N.B.;    Stuyvesant  Falls.  92-3,  New  Hyde  Park,  93-5,  Blooming 
Grove,  95-7,  Cuddebackville,  97-9,  w.  c.     d.  July  30,  1908. 
He    renounced    family   ties   and    property    to    leave    the    Roman    Catholic 
Church.     He  was  a  very  modest  man  suffering  much  from  ill  health  for  sev- 
eral years  before  he  died. 

See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1909,  528. 
Higgins,  Chs.   W.,  "b.   at  Weston,   in    Somerset   Co.,   N.   J.,   Mar.   23.    1853; 
N.B.S.  77,  1.  CI.  N.B.;    supplying  Cherrytown,  N.  Y.,  78-9,  engaged  in 
business  and  mission  work,  at  Omaha.  Neb. ;    ord.  by  Presbyt.  of  Gun- 
nison  (Synod  of  Colorado).  1898.     Presbyterian. 

Hill,  Alexander,  Rotterdam.  1st,  1890 

Hill.  Eugene,  b.  Rosendale,  N.  Y.,  Sept.  12.  1846;  Ellenville  Academv, 
63;  in  the  army,  64-6;  ord.  CI.  Kingston,  May.  81,  Bloomingdale,  81-3, 
Esopus,  83-6,  Three   Bridges.  86-91,  Clarkstown,  91-7,  Coxsackie,    1st. 

97-1901.  Garfield,  1901 

Pum.iCATioxs:  "Hist,  of  Coxsackie.  ist  Church." 
Hill,  Wm.  Bancroft,  b.  Colebrook.  N.  H.,  Feb.  17.  1857;  Harvard.  79. 
U.S.  86.  lie.  Presb.  Baltimore  (North)  85;  ord.  CI.  Greene.  86;  Athens! 
86-90,  Poughkeepsie.  2d,  1890-1902.  Professor  Biblical  Literature,  Vas- 
sar  College  1902.  Member  Bd.  F.M.  Trustee  R.C.  1912.  of  Am.  Uni- 
versity. Cairo,  of  Fukien  University  and  of  Am.  Indian  Institute.  S.S 
Pouglikeepsie,  1920.    D.D.  R.C.  1905. 


366  THE   REFUKMED  CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Publications:    "Guide  to  Living  Church,"  1905.     "Introduction  to  Life 

of    Christ,"    191 1.       (Translated    in    Japanese).      "Life    of    Christ,"    1917. 

(Translated  in  Japanese  and  Chinese.     "Gates  Lectures  on  Missions,"  1920. 

Hill,  \Vm.  J.,  b.  in  Ireland.  N.B.S.  1872,  lie.  CI.  Westchester;  Miss,  at 
]\Iillbrook,  -ji,  East  New  York,  75-82,  Glenville,  2d,  82-4  (Presbyt.). 
d.  Sept.  9,  1904. 

Hillmann.  Alex.  C.  C.C.  1832,  N.B.S.  1836.  1.  CI.  N.  Y.  1836;  Stone- 
house  Plains,  1838-41,  Vanderveer.  1841-2,  Roxbury  and  Moresville, 
1843-5,  Wurtsboro,  1846-9,  Blue  Mountain,  1852-8,  w.  c.  Died  1876, 
Nov.  20. 

Himrod,  John  S.,  b.  Dec.  10,  1813;    R.C.  39,  N.B.S.  4^.  1-  CI.  Albany;  Hills- 
dale,   42-3,    Claverack,    2d,    45-51,    S.S.    South    Bushwick.    51-3,    South 
Bushwick,  53-9,  Greenport,  61-82,  d.  Nov.  20,  1883. 
He   was   preeminently  a   good   man   and   thus   eminently    successful. — See 

Manual,  1902. 

Publications  :    "Address  at  Funeral  of  Rev.  Edwin  Holmes,"  1874. 

Hinds,  Herbert  Calvin,  Schenectady,  2d,  87-91. 

Hinkamp,  Paul  Eugene,  b.  Oct.  30,  1885,  Milwaukee,  Wis.  H.C.  1907. 
Teaching  Wis.  Memorial  Academy,  1907-08.  Principal,  1908-11.  Mc- 
Cormick  Sem.  1914.  1.  by  Pres.  Milwaukee.  (Pres.  Sheboygan,  Wis., 
1915-18).     Prof.  Philosophy  and  Biblical  Literature  Hope  College,  1918. 

Hitchcock,  Edward  Wm.,  b.  Homer,  N.  Y.,  May  i,  1833;  Y.C.  57;  Aub. 
Sem.  60,  ord.  by  S.  CI.  N.Y.,  Aug.  8,  60;  Tompkinsville,  S.  I.,  60-6, 
New  York  14th  st.  Presb.,  66-72,  Am.  Chapel,  Paris,  72-83  and  beyond. 
Died,  Sept.  19,  1901. 

Hock.  Frederic  W.,  b.  Kassel,  Germany,  Dec.  30,  1868.  Muehlhausen  Gym. 
1888.  Bloomfield  Sem.  1893.  1.  by  Pres.  of  Jersey  City  1893.  New- 
town  2d    (Ger. ),    1S93-6.      (Central    Ave.    Pres.,    Newark,    1896 ). 

Ass.  Prof.  Modern  Languages,  Stevens  Institute  1905 .   PhD.  N.Y.U. 

1907. 
Publications  :   Numerous  scientific  translations. 

Hock,  George  Carl  (son  of  Frederick  W.  Hock),  b.  Newtown,  L.  I.,  Sept. 
13,  1894.  RC.  N.B.S.  1920.  1.  by  CI.  N.B.  Stuyvesant,  N.Y., 
1920 

Hodson,  Joseph  Merlin,  Fordham,  1894 

Hoekje,  lohn,  b.  at  Hellendoorn,  Netherlands,  1846;  H.C.  75,  H.S.  and 
N.B.S,  78,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Rotterdam,  Kan.,  1878-91,  Fremont,  Mich., 
1891-1908.  Holland,  Mich.  Gilderland,  S.S.,  1908-09.  Retired  on 
account  of  ill  health. 

Hoekje,  Willis  Gilbert  (son  of  Rev.  John  Hoekje),  b.  Jewel  Co.,  Kansas, 
July  3,  1883.  H.C.  1904.  \V.T.S.  1907.  1.  by  CI.  G.R.  Missionary  to 
Japan,  1907 .    Acting  Principal  Steele  Academy,  1913-14. 

Hoes,  John  Cantine  Farrell,  b.  Middleburg,  N.  Y.,  July  13,  1811  ;  A.C.  2,2^ 
P.S.  35,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  New  Brunswick,  34;  ord.  by  CI.  of  Cayuga, 
Apx.  22,  36  ;  Chittenango,  36-7,  Ithaca,  37-45,  Kingston,  45-67,  resigned, 
supplied  churches  frequentlv.  D.D.  bv  U.C.  1852.  Died  Feb.  9,  1883. 
Pres.  Bd.  of  Sup.  N.B.S.  1867.  Life  Director  Am.  Tract  Soc.  1839-1883. 
Am.  Bible  Soc.  1854-1883. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
He  was  a  very  able  minister  of  the  Gospel.     His  work  was  crowned  with 

large  success  and  his  memorv  was  precious. 

Hoff,  Brogun,  b.  at  Harlingcii,  1794;    QC.  15,  N.B.S.  18,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;    Phila- 
delphia,  2d    (Eighth   St.)    18-24,    (Bridgeton,    N.   J.,    Presb.    24-33,    Bath, 
La.,  33-5),  Leeds  and  Kiskatom,  35-42,  Rhinebeck,  42-50,  Germantown, 
N,  Y.,  50-5,  d.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Hoffman,  Abraham,  b.  at  Shawangunk,  1780;  studied  under  Froeligh  and 
Livingston,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1808;  Courtlandtown,  1808-30,  also  Miss, 
to  Wawarsing,  Dec.  28-Feb.  29,  Cato,  31-43,  d.   1856. 

Hoffman,  Benj..  b.  Overisel,  Mich.,  Jan.  17,  1871 ;    H.C.  95,  W.S.  98,  1.  CL 


THE    MINISTRY  367 

Grand  River,  Spring  Lake,  Mich.,  1898-1902,  Grand  Rapids,  5th,  1902-12, 
Zeeland,  2d,  1912 

Hoffman,  James  Edward,  b.  Overisel,  Mich.,  July  24,  1893.  H.C.  1917. 
N.B.S.  1920.     1.  by  CI.  N.B.     Hasbrouck  Heights,  N.  J.,   1920— — 

Hoffman,  James  JuHus,  b.  Oostburg,  Mich.  H.C.  Western  Reserve  Univ. 
Columbia  Univ.  1903.  U.S.  1906.  1.  by  CI.  Rochester,  1906.  Buck 
Creek,  Okl.,  1907;    Prairie  Home,  Ok!.,  1907;    Arapahoe,  Okl.,  1907-11; 

Raritan,    N.    J.,    3d,    1912-14;      (Presbyterian    1914 ;     Gloversville, 

N.  Y.,  1917-21  ;    Watertown,  N.  Y.,  1921 ). 

Hoffman,  John,  b.  at  Holland,  Mich.,  Feb.  28,  1849;  H.C.  1871,  W.Th.S. 
1874,  lie.  CI.  Holland;  Oostburg,  1874-81  (Presbyt. ;  Baldwin,  Wis., 
81-87),  Abbe  ch.  Clymer,  N.  Y.,  87-93,  Sayville,  L.  I.,  93-99,  Cleveland, 
O..  1899-1908,  Sully,  la.,  Bethany,  1908-11.  Rotterdam,  Kan.,  191 1-20. 
Retired. 

Hoffman,  Milton  J.,  b.  Jan.  31,  1886,  Overisel,  Mich.  H.C.  1909.  W.T.S. 
1914.     1.  and  ord.  by  CI.  Pella  1918.     No  pastorates.     Head  Latin  Dept. 

H.C.  1913-17.    President  Central  College  1917 .     D.D.  by  H.C.  1917. 

Publications:   Articles  in  Educational  Magazines,  etc. 

Hoffman,  Wm.  H.,  b.  at  Flemington,  N.  J.,  May  13,  1849;  R.C.  72,  N.B.S. 
75,  lie.  CI.  Raritan;  Wilcox,  Pa.,  75-7,  Pottersville,  N.  J..  78-83 
(Presbyt.). 

Hoffs,  Harry,  b.  Alton,  Li.,  July  5,  1890.  H.C.  1914.  W.T.S.  1917.  1.  by 
CI.   Iowa.     Sibley,   la.,   and   Bigelow,   Minn.,    1917-1919.     Coopersvillc, 

Mich,  1919 .     Took  New  International  $500  first  prize  essay  among 

Sem.  students. 

Hogan,  Jasper  Samuel,  b.  Guilderland  Centre,  N.  Y.,  Oct.  10,  1867;  R.C. 
91,  N.B.S.  94,  1.  CI.  Schenectady;  Glen,  N.  Y.,  94-6,  Pompton  Plains, 
1896-1903,    Jersey     Cit)',    LaFayette,      1902-12,    New     Brunswick,     ist, 

1912 .     Pres.  P.S.  N.B.   1914.     Vice-Pres.  Gen.  Svn.     S.C.  Bd.  of 

Supt.  N.B.S.  1912 -.    D.D.  R.C.  1915- 

PuBLiCATioxs  :    "Centennial  Hist,  of  Refd.  Ch.  of  Glen,  N.  Y."     Histor- 
ical and  occasional  sermons. 

Hogan,  Orville  J.  Indian  Fields,  N.  Y.,  April  4,  1861.  N.B.S.  1893,  lie. 
CI.  N.B.;  Rocky  Hill,  1893-8,  St.  Johnsville,  1898-1909,  Closter, 
1909 

Hogan,  Robert  James,  b.  Guilderland,  N.  Y..  Aug.  11.  1865;  R.C.  91, 
N.B.S.  94,  1.  CI.  Schenectady;  Buskirks,  N.  Y.,  94-7,  Bellevue,  Schenec- 
tady, 1897-1915.  Acting  Pastor  ist  Pres.  Ch.,  Gloversville,  1917-18. 
S.S.  Pres.  Ch.,  Mayfield,   1920-21. 

Hogeboom,  Simon  M.,  b.  Haamstede,  Neth.,  June  7,  1858.  H.C.  84.  W.T.S. 
87.  1.  by  Geneva  87.  Marion  Centre,  1887-90,  Cleveland,  ist,  90-9, 
Ontario  Centre,  N.  Y.,  1899-1904.  S.S.  Kalamazoo,  4th,  1903-04.  S.S. 
N.  Y.  Mills,  1904-05,  Pultneyville,  N.  Y.,  1905-08,  Arcadia,  N.  Y.,  1908- 
17,  Sodus,  N.  Y.,   1917-20,  Cleveland,  ist,   1920 . 

Holden,  Louis  H.,  b.  Aug.  7.  1873.  Newark.  N.  J.  Y.C.  1895.  A.M.  Col. 
Univ.  1897.  U.S.  1898.  1.  by  Pres.  of  Newark  1898  (Pres.  Assist., 
Onedia,  N.  Y..  1898-9.  Cong.  Assist.  Waterbury,  Conn.,  1900-1904). 
Utica,  X.  Y.,  1904-21.     New  Brunswick,  2d,  1921 .     Ph.D.  Y.C.  1903. 

HoUebrands,  James  John,  b.  Pella,  la.,  March  11,  1878.  Central  Univ.  1904. 
W.T.S.  1907.  1.  by  CI.  Pella,  1907.  Bethel,  Leota,  Wis.,  1907-10, 
Waupun,  Wis.,  1910-18,  Kalamazoo,  ist,  1918 — — .     S.C.  CI.  Wis. 

Holmes.  lulwin,  b.  at  Sali.sbury,  Ct.,  July  17,  1797;  U.C.  1822,  Prin.  Dutch- 
ess Academy,  1822-5,  studied  theology  with  Dr.  C.  C.  Cuyler  and  at 
N.B.S.  1827;  lie.  CI.  Poughkeepsie ;  Linlithgo,  1827-35,  Albany,  3d, 
1835-.41.  Athens,  1841-2,  Nassau,  1842-51,  Chatham,  1853-9,  w.  c.  Died, 
1873,  Nov.  23  . 
The  intimacy  of  years  revealed  more  and  more  the  beauty  of  his  Chris- 
tian   spirit   and   his    steadfast   devotion   to   the    supreme    heartwork   of    his 

consecrated  life.     Through  a  period  of  about  forty-six  years  he  performed 


368  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

the  duties  of  the  pastorate  in  almost  a  single  region,  so  that  he  was  all 
that  while  quite  before  the  eyes  of  the  same  people  in  their  successive  gen- 
erations. From  every  church  he  served  there  was  given  him  the  like  tribute 
of  love  and  gratitude  for  the  gentle  yet  firm,  cheerful  yet  courageous  service 
he  uniformly  rendered. 
See   Manual,   1902. 

Publications:    "A  Sermon  Preached  at  the  Funeral  of   Rev.   Peter   S. 
W-ynkoop,"    1848.      "The   Present    Mysteries   and    Future   Developments   of 
Providence" ;    a  discourse  delivered  at  the  funeral  of  Francis  H.  Rathbone, 
Esq.,    1855.      "The    Vindications    of    Providence";     a    sermon    preached    at 
Chatham,  N.  Y.,  at  the  funeral  of  Staats  D.  Tompkins,  Esq.,  1867. 
Holmes,  John  McC.    (son  of   Edwin  Holmes)  ;    b.   Livingston,  N.  Y.,  Jan. 
22.   1834;    W.C.   53,   N.B.S.   57,   1.   CI.   of   Rensselaer;    East   Williams- 
burgh,    57-9,    Lee   Avenue,    Brooklyn,    59-64,    Hudson,    65-77    (Albany, 
State  St.   Presbyt.  77-1898,  w.  c.)     d.  June  21,   1911.     Pres.   Gen.   Syn. 
1876.     Trustee  Auburn  Sem.  1886-1900.     Director  U.T.S.  N.Y.C.  1888- 

90.  D.D.  R.C.  1870. 
Publications:    See  Manual,  1902. 

Hondelink,   Garret,  b.   Grand   Rapids,  April   11,   1876.     H.C.   1900.     N.B.S. 
1903.     1.  by  CI.  G.R.     Missionary  to  Japan,  1903-08.     Kalamazoo,  North 
Park,  1909-12;    Mu.skegon,  2d,  1912-18;    Rochester,  N.  Y.,  ist,  1918. 
Publications  :   Articles  for  Int.  and  Leader. 

Honegger,  Henry,  b.  near  Zurich,  Switzerland,  July  27,  1870.     Educated  in 
Switzerland.      In   Class*  1904,    R.C.      N.B.S.    1907.      1.    by   CI.    Passaic. 
Missionary  to  India,  1907-14.    d.  July  18. 
He  was  by  profession  a  silk  weaver  but  his  passion  for  the  Gospel  drove 

him  into  the  mission  field. 

See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1915,  593. 

Hones,  Julius,  from  Evang.  Miss.  Assoc,  Berlin,  1854;  Jeffersonvile,  54-8; 
S.S.  New  Brunswick,  3d,  58-60,  w.  c.  1860-76;  Jamaica,  Ger.  Evang. 
76.    1880,  d.  Oct.  17. 

Hones,  L.  W.,  1892-3. 

Hoonte,  Teunis  H.,  b.  Neth.,  1833.   1.  in  Holland  as  evangelist.   Ordained  by 
CI.  Paramus.     Lodi   (Hoi.),  1896-1909.     d.  Dec.  8. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1910,  823. 

Hooper,  J.  F.,  Blue  Mountain,  1883-4. 

Hoover,  D.  S.,  b.  Easton,  Pa.,  Jan.  29,  1867.     Gettysburg  C.  1889,  and  Get- 
tysburg   Sem.    1892.      (Lutheran    and    Presbyterian    Chs.,    1892-1904). 
Piermont,  N.  Y.,  1905.    d.  Dec.  17. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1906,  598. 

Hopf,  Paul  H.  Pres.  1909.  Far  Rockaway  (Gr.  Evangelical),  1909-15. 
Pres.  1915 

Hopkins,  David.  U.S.  1868.  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1868,  ord.  by  Presbyt.  See  "Union 
Sem.  Gen.  Cat.,"  1876. 

Hopkins,  F.  E.     Bedford,  Brooklyn,  1 880-1. 

Hopkins,  Jay  D.,  b.  Norwich,  N.  Y.,  June  9,  i860.  High  School.  1.  by  Pres. 
of  Columbus.  Engaged  in  Evangelistic  and  S.S.  work,  1916-21.  (Wind- 
ham. N.Y.,  .1919-20.)      Prattsville,   N.Y.,  1921 

Hopper,  Abram  Whittaker,  b.   Spring  \'alley.   N.   Y.,   Feb.   4,    1867;     R.C. 

91,  N.B.S.  94,  1.  CI.  N.  Y.;    Stuyvesant  Falls,  94-99,  Rensselaer,  1899- 
1903,  New  Durham,  N.  J.,  Ass.,  1903-07.     S.S.   Secaucus,   1904,  West 

New  York,  N.  J.,  1903 .     S.C.  CI.  Palisades.     Ph.D.  Taylor  Univ., 

1902. 

Hopper.  Samuel  J.     R.C.  1841.     N.B.S.  1841-2.     d.  1842. 

Horton,  Francis  A.,  b.  Philmont,  N.  Y.,  1844.  R.C.  1862.  N.B.S.  65,  1.  CI. 
Hudson;  Glenham,  65-7,  Catskill,  67-/3-  (Presbyterian  and  Congre- 
gational Churches),  d.  April  19,  1903.  Pres.  Bd.  of  Directors  San 
Francisco  Theo.  Sem.    D.D.  Univ.  of  Wooster  1884. 


THE    MINISTRY  369 

Hortsch,  Herman  W.,  b.  Platte.  Ger.,  Jan.  9,  1865.  Blom.  Acd.  1887.  Blom. 
Sem.  1890.  1.  by  Pres.  of  West  Jersey  1890.  (Atlantic  City,  Ger.  Pres., 
1890-91,  Cincinnati,  O.,  ist  Ger.,  1891-1901.  Supt.  of  Deaconess  Home 
and  Hospital,  1901-07.  Prof,  of  Latin  Language  and  Literature  Dubuque 
Univ.,   1907-11.     Elizabeth,  N.  J.,  Ger.  Pres..   1911-17).     Bethel,  Ret., 

Davis,  S.  D.,  1917-21.     (Pres.,  German,  Avon,  S.  D.,  1921 ).    Editor 

of  Monthly  Friend  for  Poor  and  Sick  for  13  vears. 
Hosper.s.  Gerrit  H..  b.  at   Pella,   la.,  Oct.   14,    1864;    H.C.  84.  W.S.  87.   1. 
CI.  Holland;    East  Williamson.  N.  Y.,  87-92.  Muskegon,  2d,  92-4,  Cleve- 
land,   2d,     1894-1905.      Principal     Cedar    Grove     Academy,    1905-1908. 
Ontario,  N.  Y.,  1908—— 
Publications:    "Beginselen  van  Separatie,"  1897.     "A  Primer  of   Bible 
History,"    1890.     "The   Reformed    Doctrine   of   Justification."    1900.     "The 
Book   Divine,"    1900.     "Sacred   History,   in   Questions   and  Answers,"   1901. 
"Teaching   of    Scripture,'"    1904.      "Relation   of    Ch.   and   State,"    1912.     "A 
Revival  of  Alodern  Paganism,"   1915.     "Three  Views  of  2d  Advent,"   1915. 
"Calvinistic  Character  of   Pre-Millennialism,"  1915.     "The  Divine  and  Hu- 
man in  Faith  and  Life,"  1916.    "Hist.  Hartje  Van  de  Zaak,"  1921. 
Hospers,  Henry,  b.  Pella,  la..  Feb.  15.  1869.     H.C.  1890,  N.B.S.  93;    Abbe 
ch.  Clymer,  N.  Y.,  93-97;    Gibbsville,  Wis.,  97-9,  Englewood,  Chicago. 
1900-IQ05.  Roseland,  ist,   1905-09,  Kalamazoo,  2d,  1909-10,  Grand  Rap- 
ids,  2d.    1910-18.      Prof.   O.   T.    Languages   and   Literature   in   W.T.S.. 

1918 .    D.D.  by  H.C. 

Hospers.   Henry   O..   b.   Clymer.   N.   Y.,    1894.     H.C.    1916.     \\'.T.S.    1920. 

P.G.  P.S.  1921.    1.  by  CI.  Michigan,  1920.    Utica,  N.  Y.,  1921 

Hotaling,  Burton  J.,  b.  Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  March  28,  1879.  R.C.  1903. 
N.B.S.  1906.  1.  by  CI.  Albany.  Bethlehem  ist,  1906-09,  Albany  3d, 
1909-17.     S.C.  CI.  Albany.     Supt.  Onondaga  Orphan  House,  Syracuse, 

N.  Y.,  1917 

Hotaling,  Henry  Kilmer,  b.  ^Saugerties,  N.  Y.,  Nov.  28,  1889.  R.C.  1912. 
N.B.S.    1915.     1.   by   CI.'  Albany.      Blawenbergh,    1915-19,    Centreville, 

Athcnia,   N.   J.,    1919-21,    Clarkstown,   West   Nyack,    N.   Y.,    1921 . 

Y.M.C.A.  work   1918. 
Houbolt,   W.  A.     Theolog.   School  of   Kampen,   Netherslands,    1858,   1.   CI. 
Holland,  Mich.,  59,  Grand  Rapids.  59-60,  Albany   (Holland  Ch.)   61-4, 
Muskegon,    64-71,    Albany    (Holland    Ch.)    71-3,    Paterson,    6th,    T2>-7, 
went  to  Netherlands;    returned  to  America,  78;   Paterson   (Union  Ch.) 
78-1879,  went  to  Holland. 
Houdin,  Michael,  b.  in  France,  1705.     He  was  received  into  Ch.  of  England. 
1749;    Miss,  at  Trenton,  N.  J.,  1753-60,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y.,  1760-8. 
died.  Oct. 
He  was  originally  a  Franciscan  friar,  in  Montreal,  but  married  and  came 
to   New  York,   where  he  ultimately  took  the  oath  of  allegiance.     He  may 
have  officiated  in  the  French  Ch.  of   N.  Y.  C.  occasionally.     He  is  said  to 
have  been  chaplain  in  the  British  army  under  Wolfe,  at  the  siege  of  Quebec, 
1759-60.     Nov.  I,  1750,  he  writes  that  he  had  been  invited  by  the  people  of 
Trenton,   Allentown   and    Burlington   to   reside   among  them.     On    Feb.    i, 
1762,  he,  with  Jac.  Bleecker.  Jas.  de  Bley.  David  Lispenard.  wardens;    Is. 
Guion,  Jr.,  Elias  Guion,  Is.  Guion   (Sr.  ?),  Peter  Bertain.  John  Soulice,  ves- 
trvmen ;   petitioned  for  a  Patent  of  Incorporation  for  French  Church  at  New 
Rochelle.       "Doc.    Hist.,"    578.        "Di.x's    Trinity    Ch.."    251.        See    "Wal- 
dron."   36;    "Hall's   Hist.  Presbvt.   Ch.,  Trenton,"  pp.   105-7. 
House,  Isaac  E..  N.B.S.  1879;    Hoboken,  ist,  80-1887. 

How,  Samuel  Blanchard.  b.  Oct.  14,  1790,  in  Burlington.  N.  J.;  U.  Pa. 
18 10,  P.S.  1 8 13,  ord.  by  Presb.  of  Philadelphia,  1813;  Salisbury,  N.  J., 
1813-6;  Trenton,  1816-21  ;  New  Brunswick,  1821-3.  all  Presbyt. ;  Savan- 
nah, Ga.,  independent  ch.  1823-30;  Miss,  in  New  York  City,  North  st. 
1830;    President  of  Dickinson  Coll.  1830-1.     New  Brunswick,  ist,  1832- 


370  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

6i.  d.  Mar.  i,  1868.  Elected  a  trustee  of  Rutgers  Coll.  1830;  D.D.  by 
U.C.  1830. 
He  was  in  all  respects,  whether  in  theology,  politics,  or  in  manners,  an 
old-school  man.  He  venerated  the  past,  and  looked  upon  all  change  as 
revolutionary.  Circumstances  had  added  to  his  theological  opinions  great 
positiveness.  New-school  doctrines  filled  his  soul  with  abhorrence  and 
alarm.  He  resisted  them  with  all  his  learning  and  with  all  his  might,  even 
to  the  last.  In  sermons,  conversations,  and  articles  for  the  press,  he  warned 
against  them. 

He  unfortunately  took  a  wrong  position   in   regard  to   slavery.     He  was 
in  manners  a  gentleman  and  faithful  to  all  his  duties. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  Ser.  in  2d  R.D.C.  Somerville,  1835.  "The  Gospel  Min- 
istry," New  Brunswick,  1838.  "Tribute  of  Filial  Affection";  on  death  of 
Mrs.  Jane  Kirkpatrick,  1851.  "Perpetual  Abode  of  the  Holy  Spirit  in  the 
Church;  and  Filial  Duty";  two  sermons.  New  Brunswick,  1851.  "Slave- 
holding  not  Sinful";  an  argument  before  Gen.  Synod,  1855.  (See  Ganse's 
reply.)  Funeral  ser.  on  death  of  Rev.  Dr.  J.  J.  Janeway,  1858.  Funeral  ser. 
on  death  of  Hon.  Littleton  Kirkpatrick,  1859.  See  Memorial.  Funeral 
ser.  on  death  of  Mrs.  Mary  Jenkins,  New  Brunswick,  i860. 
Howard,  John  R.    N.B.S.  1918.  1.  by  CI.  N.B.  1918.    Stuyvesant  Falls,  N.  Y., 

1918-20;  Secaucus,  N.  J.,  1920 

Howland,    Samuel   Whittlesey,   b.   Jaffna,   Ceylon,   Mar.   4,    1848;     A.C.   70, 

U.S.  72,,  ord.  bv  Cortgs. ;    Miss,  to  Jaffna,  73-97,  Pres.  Jaffna  Coll.  73-97, 

Prof,    of    Theology,    do.,    89-92,    Vermilye    Chapel,    N.Y.C.,    1897-1900. 

D.D.  by  A.C.  1890. 

Hoyt,  Alexander   Stevenson.     U.  Col.   1864.     P.S.  68.     Greenwich,  N.  Y., 

1868-71.     (Pres.  Ballston  Centre,  N.  Y.).     d.  1888. 
Hoyt,  Jas.   Howard,  b.    Saratoga,   N.   Y.,   July   13,    1847;     U.C.   73;     U.S. 
76;   . .  . . Greenburgh,  76-79  (Presbyt.).     See  "U.S.  Cat." 

Hoyt,  J.  W.    1.  by  CI.  Westchester  1902.     Pres.  1905 

Huenemann,  Henry,  b.  Norwood,  Minn.,  April  8,  1875.     H.C.  1900.     W.T.S. 
1903.     1.  by  CI.   P.P.   1903.     Cromwell   Center,   la.,   1903-10;    Lennox, 

2d,  S.  D.,  1910 .     S.C.  CI.  Germania. 

Publications:  Der.  Mitarbeiter. 
Huenemann,  Jacob,  b.  Werthhausen.  Germany,  May  22,  1867;  Mission 
House  College,  Franklin,  Wis.,  87,  Miss.  House  Sem.  90,  lie.  and  ord. 
by  Ger.  Refd.  Ch.  (La  Crosse,  Wis.,  90-3,  Ger.  Ch.)  ;  German  Valley, 
la.,  93-1898  (Independent;  Menno,  S.  D.,  99-1901,  d.  Apr.  30.) 
Huibregtse,  Edward,  b.  Oostburg,  Wis.,  Dec.  27,  1888.  H.C.  1910.  W.T.S. 
1914.     1.  by  CI.  Wis.  1914.     Eddyville,  la.,  1914-17;    New  Sharon,  la., 

1917-19;    Grand  Rapids,  Fairview,  1920 

Huiser,  John.     Chicago,  Northwestern,  S.S.,  1918;    Wanaque,  N.  J.   (S.S.), 

1919-1921.     (Glassboro,  N.  J.,  1921 ). 

Huizinga,  Abel  H.,  b.  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  Aug.   18,   1859;    H.C.  80,  N.B.S. 
83,  1.  CI.  Holland ;    studied  Philology  in  Johns-Hopkins  University,  Bal- 
timore,  Md.,  83-6;     New   Paltz,  86-94,  adjunct   Prof.   O.   T.   Lit.  and 
Exegesis,  McCormick  Th.   Sem.  Chicago,  94-6,  Fishkill,   1896-1905.     d. 
Sept.  II.     Instructor  O.  T.  languages  and  Exegesis  N.B.S.  1902-03. 
Dr.  Huizinga  was  endowed  with  rare  intellectual  gifts  and  improved  them 
to  the  uttermost.     He  was  a  diligent  student,  instructor,  preacher  and  faith- 
ful pastor.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1906,  599.     Pli.D.  Johns-Hopkins   1890. 

Publications:    Many  articles  in  Biblical  and  kindred  subjects  in  the  Eng- 
lish and  Dutch  press. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Huizinga,  Henrv,  b.  Tan.  8,  1873,  at  New  Groningen,  Mich.;    H.C.  93,  W.S. 
96,  lie.  and 'ord.  CI.  Mich.,  May  26,  96;    sailed  for  India,  June  10,  96; 
miss,  in  India ;  in  fall  of  1899  became  a  Baptist. 
Huizinga,  John,  b.   Kollum,  Vriesland,   Netherlands,   Mar.   12,    1841  ;     H.C 


THE    MINISTRY  371 

67,  H.S.  70.  lie.  CI.   Holland ;    Mattoax  and  Amelia  Courthouse,  Va., 
70-6,  Holland,  ist,  Nebraska,  76-91,  Rock  Valley,  la.,  1891-1904.    Class- 
ical   Missionary.  CI.   Iowa,   1904-12.     w.  c.    d.  Jan.  24,   1916. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  191 6,  936. 
Hulbert,  Palmer  S.,  b.  Nova  Scotia,  1849;    Wabash  Coll.  76,  Aub.  Sem.  79; 
(Waverly,  N.  Y.,  79-82.  Fremont,  Neb.,  1882.)     Assist.  Collegiate  Ch., 
N.Y.C.  29th  St.,  92-4  (Chicago,  1894.) 
Hulbert,   Victor   Moreau,   b.  at   Nassau,   N.   ¥.,   Nov.   22,    1813;     R.C.   39, 
N.B.S.  42,  1.  CI.  L.I.  Aug.  ist;  ord.  CI.  N.  Y.  Jan.  4,  1843;    Greenville 
and  Yonkers,  42-45,  Yonkers,  45-48,  Flatbush  (Ulster  Co.)  48-52,  Yon- 
kers,  52-65,  White  Plains,  65-72,  Marbletown,  72-83,  w.  c.     Died,  Jan. 
7.  1892.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1867. 
He  was  a  man  of  fine  presence  and  rare  humor.     His  ministry  within  the 
church  was  interesting,  and  he  extended  his  influence  far  beyond  its  bounds. 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Hulst,  George  Durvea,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Mar.  9.  1846;  R.C.  66.  N.B.S. 
69,  1.  N.  CI.  L.I. ;  South  Bushwick.  69-1900,  d.  Nov.  5.  Ph.D.  bv  R.C. 
1801. 
He  had  but  a  single  charge  during  the  thirty-one  years  of  his  ministry. 
To  it  he  gave  all  that  a  happy,  hopeful  spirit,  a  pure  and  lofty  soul,  an  in- 
quiring, scholarly  mind,  a  Christ-loving  heart,  and  a  consecrated  life  could 
give.  He  was  a  faithful  and  devoted  pastor,  an  eloquent  preacher,  clear 
in  his  convictions  of  truth  and  earnest  in  the  advocacy  of  them.  Nor  was 
his  ministry  limited  by  the  bounds  of  his  own  parish.  It  was  potent  for 
good  in  a  wide  district  of  Brooklyn.  He  possessed  a  unique  personality. 
His  religion  was  most  natural,  wholly  free  from  cant.  He  was  in  touch 
with  life  and  all  its  activities.  With  his  independent  spirit,  and  critical 
mind,  he  thought  for  himself.  He  was  an  observing  and  interested  student 
of  Nature,  and  loved  to  roam  the  woods  and  hills.  From  the  life  that 
nestled  on  the  earth,  or  flitted  through  the  air.  he  read  lessons  of  divine 
wisdom  and  love,  so  that  many  were  taught  by  him  to  "look  up  from 
Nature  to  Nature's  God."  and  to  that  Redeemer  who  loved  the  fowls  of 
the  air  and  the  lilies  of  the  field.  He  was  an  authority  on  entomology  and 
botany.  In  the  former  science  he  did  much  original  work,  and  published 
the  results  of  his  investigations  in  several  journals.  For  a  time,  he  was 
State  entomologist  of  New  Jersey,  and  was  acting  professor  of  entomology 
at  Rutgers  College.  He  declined  a  professorship  at  Rutgers  about  1891,  as 
he  preferred  to  remain  in  the  pastorate.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Botany  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute,  and  was  President  of  that  branch 
of  the  Institute  work  at  his  death.  In  1880  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  and  in  1888  a 
Fellow  of  the  same.     See  also  "Biog.  Notices  R.C.  Grads.,"   1901,  15. 

Publications:    For  a  list  of  his  very  numerous  publications  on  entomol- 
ogv.  etc..  see  Alanual.  1Q02. 
Hulst.    George    D..    b.    Brooklyn.    N.    Y..    Feb.    17.    1885.    Will.    Coll.    1906. 

U.S.  1910.  1.  by  CI.  N.  L.  I.  1910.  Montclair  Heights.  1910 . 

Hulst.    Lambert   J.,   b.    1825    in    the    Netherlands;     Danforth.    111..    1874-6, 
Grand  Rapids,  4th,  76-1881  ;    joined  the  Christian  Refd.  Ch.     See  "Ch. 
Int.,"   1881,  Oct.   19. 
Humperslv,  G.  W..  S.S.  Cicero.  N.  Y..  1863-=;. 

Hume,  Jas.  C,  b.  Fair  Hill.  Md..  Feb.  28.  1850;  C.N.J,  tj.  P.S.  80;  ord. 
as  an  Evangelist  bv  Presbvt.  of  Westminster.  80  (Lancaster.  Pa..  80-2, 
Fair  Hill,  Md..  83,  Babylon,  L.  I.,  84-8.  Fair  Hill.  89,  Northport, 
N.  Y.,  90-1);  Ridgewood,  L.  I.,  94,  St.  Thomas.  W.  I..  97-9.  Bush- 
wick.' 1901-1902,  w.  c.  1902-15.  Presbyterian  1915. 
Hundhausen.  Ernest,  b.  Germanv.  N.B.S.  1882-^. 

Hunt.  Christopher,  b.  at  Tarrytown.  18—:  R.C.  27,  N.B.S.  30.  1.  CI.  N.Y. ; 
Clark.stown.  .^0-2.  Nassau.  Z^-'J,  N.Y.C.  Franklin  st.  37-1839,  d.  See 
Manual  of  1879. 


372  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Hunter,  David  Moore,  b.  N.Y.C..  July  ii.  1856;  Coll.  of  City  of  N.  Y. 
77,  U.S.  80,  1.  Presb.  of  N.  Y. ;  ord.  Presb.  of  Albany,  80  (Broadalbin, 
N.  Y.  80-2,  Salem.  N.  Y.,  82-8,  Littleton,  Coll.,  88-91 )  ;  Mellenville, 
92-9,   assist.   Poughkeepsie,  2d,  99-1902,   Saugerties,    1902-1910. 

Hunter,    Geo.    McPherson,    b.    Glasgow,    Scotland,    Sept.    19,    1869;     Glas- 
gow Univer. ;    N.B.S.  1901,  lie.  CI.  N.B. ;    Rochelle  Park,  N.  J.,   1901- 
1904,  Secretary  Seamen's  Friend  Society  1904. 
Publication  :    "The  Acts  of  the  Apostles  of  the  Sea." 

Hunter,  James  B.,  b.  at  Irvine,  Ayrshire,  Scotland,  April  5,  1863 ;  C.N.J.  89, 
U.S.  92,  1.  Presbyt.  N.  Y. ;  (Presbyt. ;  Grace  Chapel  in  N.Y.C.,  92-96, 
assistant.  West  End,  N.Y.C.,  96-98)  ;    Anderson  Memorial    (Belmont), 

1898-1908.     Missionary,  Tulsa,  Okl.,  1908.    Jersey  City,  Faith,  1909 . 

Editor    of    Christian    Intelligencer    1920 .      S.C.    CI.    N.Y.    1903-08. 

S.C.  S.  CI.  Bergen  1914 

Publications  :    Editorial  work  on  "Brotherhood  Star,"  "Church  Econo- 
mist" and  "Evangelist."     Many  articles,  etc.,  in  the  Intelligencer. 

Huntington,  Henry  S.,  b.  Camden,  N.  Y.,  1828;  C.N.J.  1850;  And.  Sem. 
and  P.S.  54;  Owasco  Outlet,  70-1871.  For  other  details,  see  "P.  Sem. 
Cat." 

Husted.  C.  F.  W.  Detroit,  ]\Iich.,  Bethel,  1898-1901.  Dis.  to  R.C.  U.S.A. 
1901. 

Hutchings,  DeWitt  V.,  b.  Orange.  N.  J.,  Aug.  18,  1879.  P.C.  1901.  N.B.S. 
1902-03.     U.S.  1903-04.     Balliol  C.  Oxford,  1905-07.     Presbyterian. 

Hutchins,  John,  b.  Portslnouth,  England,  June  20,  1848;  Univ.  Wisconsin, 
1873;  West  Th.  Sem.,  Allegheny,  1873-5.  U.T.S.  1875-6;  ord.  CI.  West- 
chester, Nov.  28,  1876;  Bronxville.  76-82.  Ellenville,  82-7,  Brighton 
Heights,  87-92,  Middle  Collegiate,  N.Y.C.,  92-5  (Cong.;  Litchfield, 
Ct..  1895-1915.  d.  Feb.  20. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1915,  604. 

Hutchins,  Robert  G.,  b.  April  25,  1838,  Danielson,  Conn.  W.C.  1861.  A.S. 
64.  1.  by  Cong.  Ch.  (Bedford.  Brooklyn,  1865-72.  Columbus,  O.,  72-82. 
Minneapolis,  Minn.,  82-86.  Oberlin,  O.,  86-88.  Los  Angeles,  Cal., 
88-94.  Honolulu,  94-5.  Fostoria,  O.,  1895-1902.)  Brooklyn,  Kent  St., 
1905-10.  (Garrettsville,  O.,  1911-16.  Oberlin,  O.,  1916-19.  Berea, 
Ky.,  1919-21.)     d.  Nov.  30.     D.D.  by  Marietta  Col. 

Hutchinson,  J.  N.     Norwood  Park,  Chicago,  1897-9. 

Hutchinson,  Stuart  N.    Newark,  ist,  1906-10.     (Pres.,  Norfolk,  Va.,  ist.). 

Hutton,  Alfred  John.  b.  Brunswick,  N.  Y.,  June  20,  1842;  Wms.  Coll.  66. 
Aub.  Sem.  71.  1.  Presbyt.  Cayuga,  70;  West  Troy,  71-9  (Cortlandt, 
79-81),  Brooklyn  Heights,  81-7  (Rochester,  N.  Y.,  St.  Peter's,  87-95. 
Corning,  N.  Y.,  1895 .     D.D.  Wms.  Col.  1893. 

Hutton,  Mancius  Holmes  (son  of  Mancius  S.  Hutton),  b.  N.Y.C.,  Oct. 
13,  1837;  U.N.Y.  57.  U.S.  57-9.  N.B.S.  59-60,  U.S.  Post-grad.  60-1. 
lie.  CI.  N.  Y.  60;  Mt.  Vernon,  N.  Y.,  64-79,  New  Brunswick,  2d, 
1879-1907.  Emeritus,  d.  Dec.  19,  1909.  D.D.  by  R.C.  1879.  Pres.  Gen. 
Synod,  1888.  Pres.  Bd.  F.M.  1896-1909.  Instructor  Hellenistic  Greek 
and  Exegesis  N.B.S.  1907. 
Dr.  Hutton  was  one  of  the  most  active,   influential  and  useful  ministers 

of  the  Reformed  Church.     He  was  a  trusted  servant  of  God,  a  scholar  and 

a   man    of    eminent    service   to   the    Denomination.      He    was   also   a   great 

preacher. 

See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1910,  823. 

Publications:    "Memorial    Pamphlets."     Articles   in    Reviews,   Periodi- 
cals and  Papers.     "Charge  to   Prof.   Jas.   F.   Riggs,"   1892.     "Semi-Centen- 

nial  of  Second  Church  of  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  1892. 

Hutton,  Mancius  Smedes  (great  grandson  of  Rev.  G.  W.  Mancius),  b. 
at  Troy,  N.  Y.,  June  9,  1803;  C.C.  23.  P.S.  26,  lie.  by  2d  Presbyt. 
New  York,  26;  Missionarv  at  Wawarsing.  27-8,  ord.  by  Presbyt.  of 
Newton,  Nov.  25.     28   (German  Valley  and  Fox  Hill,  N.  J.,  28-34)  ; 


THE    MINISTRY  373 

N.Y.C.,  South  Church    (Colleague  of  Rev.  Dr.  J.  M.  Matthews),  34- 
43;    sole  pastor,  37-76.     Died  April  11,  1880.     D.D.  by  C.C.  1841. 
Dr.  Hutton's  life  had  few  changes  and  it  was  singularly  happy.     He  was 
brought  up  in   the  Garden   St.   Ch.,   N.Y.C.,  under  the   distinguished   Dr. 
Matthews. 

After  six  happy  years  in  the  pastorate  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of 
German  Valley,  N.  J..  Dr.  Hutton  was  called  to  become  the  colleague  of 
his    former  pastor.   Dr.    Matthews. 

Thenceforward  to  the  end  his  career  was  in  that  city.  In  1835  the 
church  edifice  perished  in  the  "(ireat  Fire."  and  the  congregation  shortly 
afterward  divided,  part  building  on  Murray  Street  and  part  on  Wash- 
ington ."Square,  the  two  pastors  choosing  to  accompany  the  latter.  The 
financial  difficulties  encountered  proved  heavy,  and  two  pastors  seemed 
more  than  the  struggling  organization  could  support.  Under  these  circum- 
stances. Dr.  Hutton  felt  it  was  his  duty,  as  junior  colleague,  to  resign.  But 
before  he  could  find  another  settlement,  Dr.  Matthews,  finding  his  duties 
as  Chancellor  of  the  New  York  University  growing  upon  him,  also  re- 
signed. Whereupon  the  congregation  recalled  Dr.  Hutton,  who  was  thus 
three  times  installed  over  virtually  the  same  people.  Thereafter  he  re- 
mained sole  pastor  until  the  church  disbanded  in  1876.  owing  to  the  moving 
away  of  the  class  of  population  in  that  quarters  whose  needs  were  met 
bv  such  a  church. 

'During  all  these  years  Dr.  Hutton  devoted  himself  to  his  spiritual  office, 
seldom  turning  to  other  than  his  ministerial  functions.  He  was  one  of  the 
best  known  and  loved  pastors  of  his  time  in  New  York  City. 

See  Dr.  T.  W.  Chambers'  "Commemorative  Discourse,"  1880,  Manual, 
1902. 

Publications:  A  sermon  before  the  Am.  S.S.  Union,  1851,  "The  Death 
of  Christ;"  "National  Preacher,"  1852.  "The  Rejected  Offering;"  before 
N.  Y.  and  Brooklyn  Foreign  Miss.  Soc,  1853.  "Spiritual  Worship;"  pul- 
pit repository,  1856.  "C(5ming  to  Christ,"  1858;  address  at  the  opening  of 
Hope  College,  1866.  Oration:  "The  Founders  of  the  Nation,"  1876.  "His- 
torical Discourse,"  1877. 
Huyler,   P.   Edwin,   Pres.   1905,   Syracuse,   2d,   1905-14,  Rhinebeck   1914-19, 

(Cong.  Hawaii   1919 ). 

Huvssoon,  Jas.,  b.  in  Netherlands,  March  16,  1823;   c.  to  America  46,  N.B.S. 
'59,  lie.   CI.   N.B.;    Lodi.   N.  J.    (Hoi.)    59-64,   S.S.  at   Paterson,   59-64; 
pastor,  Paterson,  64-5,  Drenthe,  Mich.,  65-6,  Polkton,  66-8,   Paterson, 
1st.  Holland.  Ch..  68-1892.  emeritus.     Died,  July  3  1894.     "Mints.  Gen. 
Svn.,"  1895,  208. 
Huyzer,  Garret.     Pella,  2d.   la.,   1883-5,  Fairview,  111.,  85-1888. 
Hvde,  Oren,  S.S.  Cicero  1839. 

Hvndshaw,  Jas.  B.,  b.  1801,  at  Stewartsville,  N.  J.;  C.N.J.  1820,  P.S.  24; 
Walpack,  36-9,  Prin.  Academy,  Stroudsburgh,  Pa.,  1839-44.  Died, 
1888.  For  other  details,  see  "P.S.  Gen.  Cat." 
Hvnson,  Nathan  Dushane,  b.  Baltimore,  Md.,  Dec.  9,  1865;  Johns  Hop.  U. 
88-90;  U.T.S.  93;  ord.  by  Presbvt.  Alonmouth,  1893;  assist,  pastor 
Madison  Ave.,  N.Y.C.,  1892-3  (Presbvt.  Manasquan,  N.  J.,  1893—). 
See  "U.  S.  Gen.  Cat." 

Ihrman.    Peter,   b.   in   the   Netherlands,   April   8,    1859;     H.C.   82.   W.S.   Sj, 

1.  CI.  Grand  River;    Waupun,  Wis.,  87-91,  Marion,  N.  Y.,  91-6,  Grand 

Rai)ids,   8th,   96-9,    Maurice,    la..    1899-1910.      Marion,   2d,    1910-11.      d. 

Sept.  16. 

Mr.  Ihrman  was  much  interested  in  church  extension.     For  several  years 

he  was  a  member  of  the  committee  on  Church  Extension  in  the  Classis  of 

Iowa,  and  always  had  an  eye  open  for  new  fields. 

See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1912,  557. 
Ingalls.  Wilson,  b.  at  Andover,  Mass.,   Mar.  25,   1809;    U.C.  36,  tutor  in 


374  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

U.C.  36-7,  studied  theology  at  Andover  and  under  Dr.  Eliphalat  Nott; 
S.S.  Princetown,  38-9,  Glenville,  ist,  40-51.  Owasco,  53-64  (supplied 
Broadalbin,  64-5,  w.  c,  Blooming  Grove,  67-77.  Died,  Oct.  11,  1889. 
See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1890,  191. 
Ingersoll,  Edward  Payson,  b.  in  Lee,  Berkshire  Co.,  Mass.,  May  6,  1834; 
W.C.  55,  A.S.  63,  lie.  Cong.  Conf.,  Cleveland,  O.,  1862  (Sandu.«ky,  ist, 
63-7,  Indianapolis  (Plymouth  Ch.)  Jan.  ist,  68- Jan.  70)  ;  Brooklyn, 
Middle,  Jan.  70-83.  (Puritan  Cong.  Ch.,  Brooklyn,  83-92,  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,    Park   st.   92-8,   Immanuel   Cong.   Ch.,   Brooklyn,   98-1902.      Sec. 

"Am.  Bible  Soc,"  1902 ). 

Publications:    "Bible  in   Pub.  Schools,"   1871.     Sermons  in  the  papers, 
"Thou   Shalt   Not    Steal,"   in   "111.    Christian,"    Indianapolis,    1869.    Thanks- 
giving sermon,   1876,  at  Lee,  Mass.,  in  "Lee  Gleaner."     Weekly  articles  in 
"Illustra.  Chr."  for  six  months,   1869.     Six  papers  on  "Bunyan's  Pilgrim's 
Prog.,"  ditto,   1869.     Letters   from  Europe,  in  "Ch.   Intell.,"   1873.     Prayer- 
meetings,  in  "Ch.  Weekly,"  1876.     Arts,  in  "Church  Union,"  1874,   1877. 
Ingham,  John  Albertson,  b.   Meriden,   N.  Y.,  Jan.   13,   1868;    Syr.  U.  86; 
U.T.S.  92;    ord.  by  Presbyt.   Syracuse,  July   10,   1892;    assist,  pastor, 
Collegiate  Ch..  N.Y.C.,  1892-3.      (Presbyt.    Irvington-on-Hudson,   1894- 
1910).     New  Brunswick,   2d.   1910-20.     Gen.   Secretary  Progress  Cam- 
paign, 1920 — — .     D.D.  S.  Univ.  1908. 
Publications:    Pamphlet  on  Abraham  Lincoln,  1902.    Articles  for  press. 
Inglis,  Rev.  David  (son  of  Rev.  David  Inglis),  b.  June  8,  1824;    University 
of   Edinburgh,  41,   stiidied  divinity  under  Dr.   Chalmers  and   Dr.  John 
Brown;    lie.    Presbyt.   Carlisle,   45;    came  to   America,   46;     (Detroit, 
Scotch  Ch.,  46-7,  S.S..  N.Y.C.  Washington  Heights.  47,  Bedford,  N.Y., 
47-52.  Montreal  (St.  Gabriel  St.)   52-5,  Hamilton,  Ont.,  55-71,  Prof,  of 
Systematic  Theology  in  Knox  Coll.,  Toronto.  71-2)  ;  Brooklyn  Heights, 
TZ-yj,  d.  Dec.  15.     LL.D.  by  Olivet  Coll.,  Mich.;    D.D.  by  R.C.   1874. 
See  Dr.  Waters'  admirable  sketch  of  him  in  Manual  of   1879. 
Publications:     "Exposition   of    Internat.    S.S.    Lessons"    in   "Sower   and 
Gospel   Field,"    1874-7.     Hist.   Ser.   Commem.  of   the   25th  Anniver.   of   the 
Church  on  the  Heights,  Brooklyn,   1875.     Many  contributions  to  the  press. 
"Vedder  Lectures" — in  course  of  preparation  at  his  death. 
Inglis,    Thomas    Edward,    b.    Hamilton,    Ontario,    Nov.    15,    1857;     Univer. 
Toronto,  81,  P.S.  84,  1.  Presb.  New  Brunswick   (S.S.  ist  Presb.,  Tren- 
ton, May-Aug.,  84;    Presb.  Miss,  to  India,  84-92),  Bergen  Point,  92-7, 
Yonkers,  97-1901,  w.  c.    d.  Dec.  31,  1902.    See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1903,  517. 
Publications  :    India  correspondent  for  the  N.  Y.  Religious  Press,  Amer. 
cor.    for   the   "Madras    Christian    College    Magazine."      "Higher    Education 
in  India,  Christian  and  Governmental." 

lorizzo  (Gaetano),  b.  May  4,  1884.  Villanova  del.  Battista,  Italy.  Italian 
High  School   1912.     Bloomfield  Sem.   1916-17.     Colgate  Univ.   1918.     1. 

by  CI.  N.  Y.   1918.     Hackensack,  N.  J.,  Italian,  1917 .     Englewood, 

N.  J.,  Italian,  1920 . 

Publications  :   Articles  in  Italian  press. 
Irish,  Edward  B.,  b.  Vischers  Ferry,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  28,  1886.    U.C.  1910.   N.B.S. 
1913.     1.  by  CI.  Schenectady  1913.     Fultonville,  N.  Y.,  1913-16.     Church 
of  Comforter,  N.Y.C,  1916-18.     Presbyterian  1919-21.    Engaged  in  war 

service.     Church  of  Comforter,  N.  Y.  C,  1921 

Israel,  George  R.,  b.  Egg  Harbor,  N.  J.,  Nov.  12,  i860.  Military  Academy, 
Nazareth,  Pa.,  1877.  Moravian  Theo.  Sem.  1884.  Moravian  Mission- 
ary,   1884-6.      Jamesville,    Iowa,    Pres.,     1886-96;     Ridgewood,    L.    I., 

1897 

Ivey,  Robert.  Pres.  1903.  Owasco,  N.  Y.,  1903-05.  (Pres.  King's  Ferry, 
N.  Y.,  1905 ).     Later  South. 

Jackson,  John  Frelinghuysen  (s.  of  W.  Jackson),  b.  at  Bergen,  1768;  Q.C. 
1788,  studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  Synod  of  R.D.  Chs,  1790;    Har- 


THE   MINISTRY  375 

lem   and    Phillipsburgh,    1792-1806,    Fordham,    1819-36,    d.      See    Man- 
ual,  1902. 

Jackson,  William,  b.   1732.  studied  under  J.  Frelinguysen  and  J.  H.  Goet- 

schius,  lie.  CI.  Amsterdam,   1757;    Bergen  and  Staten  Island,   1757-89, 

emeritus,   d.    1813.     One    of    the   original    trustees    of    Q.C.    A.M.    by 

Univer.  Utrecht;   by  C.C.  1761,  by  Y.C.  1763,  by  C.N.J.  1771. 

In   the  days  of   his  power  a   field   preacher   second  only  to   Whitefield. 

See  Manual,   1902. 

Jackson,  Wm.  H.,  1.  by  N.C.  L.I.  1898,  Bushwick  1898-1900,  Oyster  Bay 
1911 — ,  Windsor  Terrace,  S.S.   1912-13. 

Jacobellis,  Eustace  Francis,  b.  Faranto,  Italy,  April  3,  1879,  came  to 
America  1906,  Bible  Teachers'  Training  School  N.Y.C.  191 1,  ord.  by 
CI.  Palisades  1917,  Italian  Mission  Grove  Ref.  Ch.  Weehawken,  N.  J., 
1915-18,  d.  Nov.  14.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.  1919,  920. 

Jacobs,   Christian  Williams,   b.   at   Elden,   Gelderland,   Netherlands,   March 
^3.   1838.     Educated   in   Holland,  and   served   ditTerent  churches  there. 
Came  to  America,   1889.     Passaic,  2d    (Hoi.),  89-1891,  d.  April   18. 
Although  pastor  of  the  Dutch  church  of  Passaic  only  about  a  year  and  a 

half,  more  than  100  families  united  by  letter,  and  nearly  100  joined  on  pro- 
fession.    Everything  was  flourishing,  when  the  pastor  died.     "Mints.  Gen. 

Syn.,"   1891.     419. 

(Jacobs,  F.  H.,  North  Chapel  Col.  Ch.  N.Y.C.  1902-09.) 

Jacobs,  Henry  Christian,  b.  Alton,  la.,  July  13,  1899,  H.C.  1914,  W.T.S. 
1917,  1.  by  CI.  Iowa  1917,  Albany,  N.  Y.,  5th,  1917-19,  Rochester, 
Brighten,  N.  Y.,  1919-22,  Zeeland,  Mich.,  ist,  1922,  S.C.  CI.  Albany, 
1917-19. 

Jacobs,  Leonardus  (s.  of  C.  W.  Jacobs),  b.  Armelo,  Neth.,  Apr.  26,  1865, 
N.B.S.  1894-6. 

Jacobs,  William  Marinus  Christian  (s.  of  C.  W.  Jacobs),  b.  at  Armelo, 
Netherlands,  Sept.  18,  1863;  c.  to  America,  89,  N.B.S.  93,  lie.  by 
CI.  of  Paramus :  Passaic  (Hoi.),  93-1895,  d.  Sept.  23.  See  "Mints. 
Gen.  Syn.,"  1896,  489. 

Jaeger,  Julius  Paul,  b.  Stuttgart,  Germanv,  July  14,  i860,  Bloomfield  Sem., 
1.  by  CI.  N.Y.  1906,  German  Ref.  68th  St.,  N.Y.C.  1906 

James,  Woodbridge  L.,  b.  1812;  U.C.  39,  Bangor  Sem.;  from  Presbyt.  of 
Utica  ;  Day,  49-52,  Columbia,  54-5,  Woodstock,  56-62,  Home  miss,  in 
Missouri,  62-64.     Died,   Oct.  20,   1887.     "Mints.   Gen.   Syn.,"   1888.  678. 

Jameson,   Chas.  M.,  Mt.   Pleasant,   N.Y.C.   1852-62. 

Janeway,  George  J.,  b.  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  Oct.  29,  1874,  R.C.  95, 
N.B.S.  95-7,  P.S.  1899. 

Janeway,  Henry  L.  (grandon  of  J.  J.  Janeway)  ;  b.  Jersey  City,  N.  J., 
Nov.  20,  1855  ;  R.C.  75,  N.B.S.  78,  lie.  CI.  N.B. ;  ord.  as  an  evangelist 
by  Presbyt.  of  Colorado,  Oct.  78  (Leadville,  Col.,  78-9,  Ouray,  Col.,  80, 
Williams'town,  N.  J.,  81-95,  all  Presbyt.)  ;    w.  c. 

Janeway,  Jacob  Jones,  b.  in  N.Y.C,  Nov.  20.  1774;  C.C.  1794;  studied 
under  Livingston,  1.  Gl.  N.Y.,  Nov.  30,  1797;  ordained  by  the  Presbyt. 
Philadelphia,  June  13,  1799;  (Philadelphia,  2d  Presbyt.  1798-1828; 
elected  director  in  Princeton  Theolog.  School,  1813,  also  a  trustee  of 
Princeton  Coll.  1813,  Prof.  Didac.  Theol.  in  the  Western  Theolog. 
Sem.  Allegheny,  Pa.,  1828-9)  ;  New  Brunswick,  1830-1,  elected  a  trus- 
tee of  Rutgers  Coll.  1830,  supplied  Orchard  St.,  N.Y.C.  1831,  Vice- 
Pres.  of  Rutgers  Coll.  and  Prof.  Bells  Let.,  Evidences  of  Christianity 
and  Polit.  Economy,  1833-9  (returned  to  Presbyt.  Ch.  1839,  elected 
trustee  of  Coll.  N.  J.  1839,  engaged  in  various  labors  in  the  general 
service  of  the  Presbyt.  Ch.  in  its  For.  and  Domestic  Mission  Boards, 
and  in  the  oversight  of  Theolog.  and  CoUeg.  Institutions,  1839-58,  d. 
June  27.)  D.D. 
He  came  of  godly  stock.     All  his  life  he  was  noted  for  his  earnest  piety 

and   for  his  ability  as  a  pastor  and  preacher.     He  filled  many  places  of 

honor  and  trust  in  the  church.     See  Manual,  1902. 


376  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Publications  :  Report,  "A  Plan  for  Disciplining  Baptized  Children," 
1812.  Letters  Explaining  Abrahamic  Cov.,  1812.  Letters  on  the  Atone- 
ment. "Internal  Evidences  of  the  Bible."  "Hist,  of  Rutgers  Coll.,"  1833. 
"View  of  the  Workings  of  the  Different  Covenants  between  Gen.  Syn.  and 
Trustees  of  Rutgers  Coll.,"  1849.  "Review  of  Dr.  Schaff  on  Protestant- 
ism." "Hope  for  the  Jews."  "Semi-centenary  uf  Presbyt.  Ch.  in  New 
Brunswick,"  18.^0.  "Comniem.  Disc,  of  Dr.  Peter  O.  Studdiford,"  1866. 
"Commentaries  on  Romans.  Hebrews,  Acts."  "Expos,  of  Acts  in  Ques- 
tion and  Ans."  "Communicants'  Manual."  "Hope  for  my  Country." 
Taneway,  John  L.    (son  of   T.  J.  Janeway),  b.  Philadelphia,  April  21,   1815. 

R.C.  1835,  N.B.S.  40,  1.  CI.  N.B.;    Montville,  43-50  (Flemington,  N.  J., 

1850-69,  Pres. ).     d.  Nov.  21,  1906.     D.D.  LaFayette  Col.   1866. 
Publications:    "Disc.  Commem.  of  Peter  O.  Studdiford,"  1866. 
Jansen,  John  N.,  b.  at  Marbletown,  N.  Y.,  March  i,  1827;    R.C.  48,  N.B.S. 

51,   1.   CI.   New   Brunswick;     Guilford,   N.   Y.,   52-63,   Pompton,   N.   J., 

63-83,  w.  c. ;  died.  Jan.  13,  1899. 
He  spent  the  last  fifteen  years  of  his  life  in  Newark,  N.  J.,  where  he  was 
useful  in  superintending  the  Sunday  School  of  the  "Foster  Home,"  an 
asylum  for  half  orphans  in  Newark.  He  was  a  religiously  methodical  man. 
He  supplemented  his  preaching  by  faithful  pastoral  visitation.  He  was  a 
man  of  prayer,  of  studious  habits,  of  rare  conscientiousness ;  a  liberal  giver, 
a  genuine  friend,  a  sympathetic  pastor,  an  instructive  preacher. — "Mints. 
Gen.  Syn.,"  1899,  562.    "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1899,  15. 

Publications  :    "Semi-Centennial  Disc,"  Pompton,  1865. 
Jansen,  Josiah,  b.  in  Ulster  Co.,   1835;    R.C.  56,  N.B.S.  59,  1.  CI.  Orange; 

New  Concord,  61-4,  d.     See  Manual  of   1879. 
Janssen,    Reemt,    b.    Petkum,    Germany,    June    18,    1834.      Mission    House, 

Sheboygan,  Wis.,  1872.     (German  Reformed  Churches).     Belmond,  la. 

(Immanuel  Ch.),  1883-94;    Lennox,  ist,  S.  D.  95,  N.  Sibley,  la.,   1896- 

1909.     Also   Salem,   1896-1903.     d.  Oct.    i,   1915.     See  Min.   Gen.   Syn., 

1916,  934- . 
Janssen.    Wirtje    Toenjes.    b.    Veenhusen,    Ostfriesland,    Germany,    Jan.    22, 

1865;    H.C.  93,  W.S.  96,  1.  CI.  Pleasant  Prairie;    George,  la.      (Hope 

Ch.),  96-9,   Ramsay,   la.    (Titonka   Ch.),    1899-1905,   Chapin,   la.,   Zion, 

1905^— 
Editor   of    "Sontagschul-Blatt"   of    R.C. A.   in    Iowa;    editor   of    "Annual 
German  Almanac"  of   R.C. A.,  in  Iowa,   1901-09.     Editor  "Der  Mitarbeiter. 
Ger.  Monthly  Ref.  Ch.  1907-18. 

Public.'^tions  :    Der  Heidelberger  Katechism  in  54,  Belrachlungen  in  Der 
Mitarbeiter.     Editorials,  sermons,  etc. 
Jennings    (Ginnings),  Jacob    (M.D.),  b.   1744  in   Somerset  Co.,   N.  J.;    lie. 

and  ord.  by  Synod  of  Refd.  Dutch  churches,   1789;    Moorfield.  Hardy 

Co.,    Va.,    1788-92    (Presbyt.    Dunlap's    Creek    and    Little    Red    Stone, 

Fayette  Co.,  Pa.,  1792-1811)  ;  died,  Feb.,  1813. 
He  was  a  pupil,  and  finally  became  son-in-law  of  Rev.  Samuel  Kennedy, 
M.D.,.  who  labored  in  his  doulile  profession  at  Basking  Ridge,  N.  J.,  1751- 
87.  Dr.  Jacob  Jennings  practiced  medicine  at  New  Providence,  N.  J.,  from 
1764  to  1772.  In  course  of  time  he  removed  to  Readington,  N.  J.,  and  set- 
tled half  a  mile  east  of  the  present  village  of  that  name.  In  1776  he  was 
commissioned  as  surgeon  in  Col.  Mark  Thompson's  company  of  militia, 
which  served  during  a  brief  period  on  the  Jersey  shore.  When  about  40 
years  of  age  (1784),  and  after  practicing  medicine  for  twenty  years,  he 
began  to  turn  his  attention  to  theology.  In  1788  he  was  induced,  probably 
by  purely  philanthropic  motives,  to  move  to  Hardy  County  (now  in  the 
northeastern  part  of  West  Virginia),  to  exercise  his  chirurgic  art.  He 
had  been  trained  under  the  excellent  ministry  of  Rev.  Dr.  Jacob  R.  Harden- 
berg,  and  had  been  an  elder  in  the  church  of  Readington.  In  his  new  field 
in  Virginia,  he  did  not  forget  his  obligations  to  serve  the  spiritual,  as  well 


THE    MINISTRY  ^~j 


Sn,'ersLi  'St,?',!, "(.!-,  ■rti.rS ''""'•  -°  °-V?'°r-;: 

larly  call  him^     This  was  th  ■  fi  st  e«™  e    ate  °  S'\'?''°r'"^         '^'l"- 

mmmBskmmm 

Chnrrlf '.<P^•''""'"P  ""'^'"^  °^  ^^^  ^ynod  dismission  to  the  Prcsbvterian 
Lhurch.    as    his    people    were    unable    to    support    hiin       Th^^    Hi  V.t 

^!^:.r\^V'"' ,"""  1°'  'r '"  -™-con"ecJ'':i,f;ir  Dutch 

lh«r   „„n   deslitmc   churches       NotSnt    f  .rth  r    }    t      i'^l  ?     =°!™  °' 

niinuu,  of  S.vnod''  The  firs.  vo7l"e%  '\t"'Mln,'je7of°  he'^QasTis 'S? 
Aew    BrunswirU-      <^i-^-n  t»tt\     *„       i  ■  i     /-i       •    •"/'""'•t^  "-"i    i"e  i„iassis  ot 

was   lost  aSNsio' p°oha"    ;  L:Tu,''tr ^11  ^tjT''  Y'""'',"' 

fcter^of  'R.f^S^^"'  ',  u""f'''  ''^-  ^54-  See  also  sermon  on  "Life  and  Cha';- 
acter  ol  Kev.  Samuel  k.  Jennmss  '  bv  Rev  Dr  T  H  Cf^  i  7^  ^nu  v^nar- 
1855.     Manual.  1902.  '         ^  '      ^  '•  ^-  "•  Stockton,  Baltnnore, 

Jensen.  John  H.     Flatbush.  2d.  1893-5 

Jewett.  Augustus  D.  U  b.  in  Wilkes-Barre.  Pa.,  1830.  Wms  C  S2  PS  <:,• 
P.ermont,  57-9.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1872.    For  farther  detail  see'"PS   Gen! 

fol^n'c'cTV  .Address  at  funeral  of  Theodore  Strong,  LL.D..  1869 
jameSou-n  rVor?";  r-  Ge^^any  July  26.  1840.  Graafschap.  1887-9?: 
jamcstouTi.    (Fore.t  Grove)     Mich.  91-2,   Holland.  Mich.      ( Ebenezer ) 

?gS   Somh' HavVn''^-  ?¥•  ^^Tr^  Missionary.  Holland.  Mich     1897-' 
M,rGen."s\^"r9rs"  6r5   '^"'"  ''^'"'  ^^°^-"9.     d.  March  5.  1915. 

'^'po^'Ser^rr^;;^,:^?  ^''- "-  "°"-^-  p-^'^>-'-  -  -  s.s. 

T   f  ^'B''«--\T!o.\.s  :    "Fort  Herkimer  Ch."  1874 
.  ohnson.  Andrew.  Glenville.  2d    1872-s 

Johnson  Arthur,  b.  Newark.  N.J..  July  22,  1848;  C.N.J  7.-  PS  -,,. 
L.I.S.    75:     (ord.    by    Presb.    Lackawanna.    May   8    77  •"  S  S     \a1ni ' 

,  J"- s^is-Lkiid^^^-KD^if^-  -r  --•'"-  ^- 

■"'":"•  S'Tst^^vT  iV^!,  R-  aL  Johnr).  b.  in  Peru.  Ind  . 
Theofo^  Sem'--  nl  K^p'^^k'  Cjawfordsville.  Ind..  71;  Auburn 
ineoio^.  ^em.  ^^      (!,c.  by  Presb.  ot  Cavuga.  74;    ord    bv  Presbvt    of 

llrl'  Pu-   S^"^>,"'"-  N-  Y..  75-79.  Marshall.  Mich!  79-86   Woodlawn 
Park.  Chicago.  86-90.  all  Presbyt. )  Albanv.  ist.  N.Y     1891I1006      Pm 

;90?-.°D.D^^brR^^'  fs^?;   "'^^^"^>'  -^•■^'--'^   Gove'rLr-X.'R?. 

2.r  Ye;;rf"°TV    "'u"-  'H^'^  ^^  P''^^'^-  ^h.  of  Sandv  Hill.  N    Y      "Our 
250  Years;      Three  Hist.  Sermons,  1892,  1893,  1899,  embracing  Hist.  Re- 


378  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH   IN'   AMERICA 

views  of  First  Reformed  Ch.  Albany,  N.Y.,  1899.    On  Committee  for  Prep- 
aration  of    Hymnal   of    Ref.    Ch. 

Johnson,  Henry  H..  b.  1822;  Miami  University;  Allegheny  Sem. ;  (Bos- 
ton, 18 ),  Hastings-on-the-Hudson,  1862-4.  S.S.  Leyden  Cen- 
tre. 1867;    died  Jan.  18,  1881,  at  St.  Edwards,  Neb. 

Johnson,  Isaiah  Y.,  b.  1783;  W.C.  1813,  N.B.S.  16,  1.  CI.  N.B.  Argyle  and 
Fort  Miller,   17-21,  Schodack,  21-4,  d.     See  Manual  of   1879. 

Johnson,  John  Barent,  b.  at  Brooklyn,  1769;    C.C.  1792,  studied  under  Liv- 
ingston, 1.  CI.  N.Y.  1795;    Albany,  1796-1802,  Brooklyn,  1802-3,  d.     See 
Manual  of   1879. 
PuBLlC.^TIONS :    Oration   on   Union,   anniver.   of   the   Tammany    Society, 

1794 — "Dealings    of    God    with    Israel    and    America,"    1798    (July    4th.)  — 

Eulogy  on   Washington,  before  Legislature,   N.Y.   1800. — Farewell   Ser.   at 

Albany,  1802;    with  an  Hist.  Appendix  by  Bassett, — Author  of  the  Pastoral 

Letter  of  Gen.  Syn.  1800,  p.  304. — Many  contributions  to  the  literary  period- 
icals of  the  day  ;    some  of  these  poetical. 

Johnson,  John  G.,  b.  in  Centre  Co.,  Pa..  Jan.  22.  1814;    R.C.  36.  N.B.S.  39, 
1.  CI.  N.B.  Glenham,  40-6,  St.  John's,  Upper  Red  Hook,  46-70,  d.  July 
3.     See   Manual   of   1879. 
Publications  :    Art.  in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Rev.  G.  R.  Williamson. 

Johnson,  R.  B.,  Candidate  Newark   1903-06.     Not  licensed. 

Johnson,  T.  C,  Princetown,  N.  Y.,  93-99. 

Johnson,  Wm.  (entered  Seceder  Ch. ),  Ovvasco,  1836-65,  became  Presby- 
terian. 

Johnson,  Wm.  L.  (Col.),  b.  New  York,  April  19,  1844;  Lincoln  Univer- 
sity, Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  69;  D.S. ;  lie.  CI.  N.Y.  69;  ord.  by  same,  June 
70,  in  South  Ref  d.  ch. ;    evangelist  in  North  Carolina,  69-74 ;    in  Som- 

erville,   N.   J.,   74-5.   Orangeburgh,   S.   C,    1875-1913,   d.   Jan.   27, , 

D.D.  Lincoln  Univ.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.   1913,  902. 

Johnston,  Wm.,  b.  Toronto,  Can.,  July  19,  1855;  McGill  Normal  School, 
Montreal;  Queen's  Coll.  Kingston,  Can.,  2  yrs. ;  P.S.  i  year;  N.B.S. 
90;  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Guttenberg,  90-1,  Lodi,  91-8,  Hawthorne  and  N.  Pat- 
erson  98-1900.  Peapack,  1901-03.  Pres.  Dundee  Lake,  N.  J.,  1908- 
10,   Sparta,   N.   J.,   1911. 

Joldersma,  Rense  Henry,  b.  Smilde,  Prov.  Drenthe,  Netherlands,  Ap.  19, 
1851  ;  H.C.  81,  McCor.  Sem.  84,  1.  CI.  Grand  River;  Spring  Lake,  Mich., 
84-86,  Grand  Rapids,  5th,  86-89,  Sup.  of  Western  Missions.  89-95,  Chi- 
cago, 1st,  95-99,  Holland  Colonies  in  Maryland,  1899-1901.  Grand  Rapids 
Grace  Ch.  1901-1902.  Financial  and  Educational  Agent  Hope  College, 
1902-03.  Fulton,  111.,  1903-07,  Grand  Rapids,  9th,  1907-09,  Rochester, 
1st,  1909-11,  Grand  Rapids.  Trinity,  1912-13.  d.  April  26. 
He  preached  in  English,  Dutch  and  German.     During  his  superintendency 

of  Western   Missions  more  than  50  churches  were  organized  in  the   P.S. 

Chicago. — See  Min.  Gen.  Syn..  1913,  893. 

Jones,  Charles  Arthur,  b.  Chicago,  111.,  Aug.  10,  1857;  Am.C.  85;  U.T.S. 
88;  ord.  CI.  N.Y.  88;  Union  Ch.  (6th  Ave.)  N.Y.C.  87-90;  (Cong., 
Kane,  Pa.,  1890 

Jones,  Chs.  Harris,  b.  N.  Y.  C,  Aug.  17.  1859:  U.N.Y.  82;  U.T.S.  82-5; 
ord.  by  CI.  Newark,  85;  Woodside,  Newark,  85-94;  Bayonne,  ist,  1894-9. 

Jones,  Chas.  J.  K..  b.  July  12,  1845.  R.C.  1870.  N.B.S.  1870-71.  U.S.  1873. 
Congregational. 

Jones,  David  Adkin,  b.  at  Walsingham,  Norfolk,  Eng.,  Mar.  14,  1798;  Hox- 
ton  Coll.  Eng.,  London,  Sem.  of  Ind.  Dissenters,  1823.  lie.  by  the  civil 
magistrate,  23;  (Foleshill,  Warwickshire.  23-8,  Chorley,  Lancashire. 
29-34,  both  in  Eng.;  Danville,  Ver.  Cong.  34-9),  Saratoga  39-44.  Eas- 
ton,  N.  Y.,  44-8,  Union  48-50,  Constantine,  50-2,  Minisink,  52-8,  Gra- 
hamville  and  Upper  Neversink,  58-63,  New  Concord,  64-7,  w.  c,  d. 
1872,  March  26. 


THE    MIXISTRV  379 

Jones,  Gardner  (s.  of  Nicholas  Jones)  ;  N.B.S.  1841  ;  became  a  Romanist 
in  Indiana. 

Jones,  Henry  Titus  (s.  of  H.  W.  F.  Jones),  I).  Middlebush,  N.  J.,  Aug. 
13,  1859;  N.B.S.  92.  1.  S.  CI.  N.B.,  Dashville  Falls,  92-3,  Asst.  Brook- 
lyn, 1st,  93-4.  Miss,  work.  Oak  Tree,  N.  J.,  96-1900,  Whitehouse,  1900- 
1917,  Coeymans,  N.  Y.,  1917 

Jones,  Henry  Wm.  Felton.  b.  at  Antigua,  \V.  I.,  June  9,  1829;  Salt  Hill 
Institute,  Eng.,  45,  N.B.S.  60,  1.  CI.  N.B.,  Bergen  Point,  60-84,  (Bergen 
Point,  1st,  Presbyt.  1884-1901.  d.  Sept.  25,  1915. — See  Min.  Gen.  Syn., 
1916,  931. 

Jones,  Joseph  Addison,  b.  June  i,  1873.  P.U.  1900.  Auburn  Sem.  1903. 
(1.    by    Pres.   Jersey   City.    1903.      Pres.    Ch.,    Perry.    N.    Y.,    1903-05). 

Albany,  N.  Y.,  2d   (Madison  Ave.),   1905-20.     Poughkeepsie,    1920 . 

Pres.  P.S.  Albany,  1920.  Vice-P.  Gen.  Syn.,  1917.  Chaplain  State 
Constitutional  Convention,  1917.  Y.M.C.A.  Sec,  A.E.F.,  France.  1918 
D.D.  by  R.C.  1910. 

Jones,  Nathan  W.,  b.  in  Maine,  about  1820;    R.C.  50,  N.B.S.  53;    Cleveland 
53-4,   S.S.   Sharon,   55-6,   S.S.  at   Clove,    1856,   Middleport,   56-60,    S.S. 
Dingman's  Ferry  (or  Upper  Walpack),  61-2,  w.  c,  died  at  Sansonville, 
N.  Y.,  1876. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Jones,  Nicholas,  studied  under  Mason,  1815;  Sharon  and  New  Rhinebeck 
16-20,  suspended  22,  seceded  independently ;  became  a  Baptist;  died 
1839. 

Jones,  Thos.  Walker,  (s.  of  D.  A.  Jones)  ;  b.  at  Saratoga,  N.  Y.,  July  8, 
1843.  R.C.  1864,  N.B.S.  67;  1.  CI.  Raritan;  Pottersville,  67-70,  Fonda, 
70-82,  Holland,  Mich.  (Hope  Ch.),  83-8,  Bushnell,  III,  88-91,  Bedmin- 
ster,  N.  J.,  1892-1906.  d.  Dec.  29,  1909.— See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1910, 
826. 
Publications:    A  'Historical    Discourse. — Contributions  to  the  press. 

Jongeneel,  James,  b.  Ceres.  Cape  Colony,  S.  Africa,  Dec.  29,  1859.  1.  CI. 
N.Y.  1890,  ord.  by  CI.  Westchester,  90;  Unionville,  N.  Y.,  90-6.  Cen- 
tral Bridge  and  Howe's  Cave,  96-1900,  engaged  in  Y.M.C.A.  work,  New 
York,  Newark,  &c.,  1900-02.  Glen  Rock  (S.S.),  1902-03.  d.  Feb.  8. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1903,  518. 

Jongeneel,  Louis  George,  b.  at  Paramaribo,  Dutch  Guiana,  S.  A. ;  1.  in 
South  Africa,  by  CI.  of  Tulbagh,  1856;  Miss,  to  heathen,  at  Aberdeen, 
S.  Africa,  afterward  at  Ceres,  1856-66,  c.  to  America;  Savville,  1866- 
71,  Miss,  at  Hohokus,  N.  J.,  1871-3,  Clymer  Village,  1873-5, 'Lodi,  N.  J., 
1878-92,  (New  Amsterdam,  Wis.,  92-5,  Baldwin,  Wis.,  1895 

Jongewaard,  Cornelius  A.,  I).  Pella,  1868;  Iowa  Coll.  93.  W.S.  97,  !. 
CI.   Iowa;     Macon   and   S.    Macon,   97-1901.      Presbyterian. 

Jonker.  Philip,  b.  Ferrysburg.  Mich.,  Dec.  21,  1884,  H.C.  1907,  N.B.S. 
1910.  1.  by  CI.  G.  R.,  Greenport,  N.  Y.,  1910-18,  Chaplain.  U.S.A.. 
1918-20,  Greenport.  N.  Y.,  1920,  Peekskill.  X.  Y.,  1920—,  S.C.  CI. 
Hudson,  1912-18. 

Joralmon,  J.  S.,  b.  N.Y.C.  1828.  R.C.  1852,  N.B.S.  55,  1.  CI.  Bergen;  Miss, 
to  China,  55-60,  Fairview  60-85,  Norwood  Park.  Chicago.  85-05,  Den- 
ver, Col..  1895—,  Charter  Member  Council  H.C.  until  189=;.  D'D.  H.C. 
I9(x>. 

Jordan,  Mark,  (colored),  1.  CI.  X.  Y.  1823;  African  Ch.  X.  Y.  City,  sup- 
plied,  1823-9,  withdrew. 

Jukes,  Charles,  b.  in  England,  1788.  c.  to  America,  1830;  U.C.  38;  (Edin- 
burgh and  Fish  House,  1830-4,  Amsterdam.  Presbyt.  1834-9),  Glen 
1839-40,  Glen  and  Auriesville  1839-44,  Stone  Arabia  and  Ephratah, 
1844-50,  Rotterdam   18^0-62,  d.      See  Manual  of   1879. 

Julien,  Robt.  D..  b.  1823.  R.C.  CI.  1850.  N.B.S.  1852,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1852;  Shar- 
on 1852-3.      (To  Presbyt.  of  I'.urlington   1862).  d.  April  2-],  1901. 


380  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Junor,  David,  b.  London,  «Ont.,  July  20,  1842;  Toronto  University,  66;  '. 
lie.  by  Cong.  Council  at  Berlui,  Wis.,  88;  (Mt.  Olivet,  Brooklyn,, 
Presbyt.  89-97),  Huguenots,  S.  I.,  1897-1910,  D.s.  to  Presbyterian 
1910. 

Junor,  Kenneth  Frank,  b.  London,  Out,  Aug.  31,  1846;  Univ.  College,  To- 
ronto, 67-9,  Knox  Coll.,  Toronto,  71-2,  U.T.S.  72-3;  (ord.  Presb.. 
Halifax,  73  ;  Hamilton,  Bermuda,  73-y,  Formosa,  China,  77-82,  student 
of  medicine,  Univ.  Med.  Coll.  N.Y.C..  82-6;)  De  Witt  Memorial 
Chapel,  N.Y.C.,  86-95,  Thirty-fourth  st.  Ch.  (Collegiate  Ch.)  95-1897. 
ALD.  by  Univ.  Med.  Coll.  N.Y.,  1886. 

Justin,  John,  b.  at  Weinolsheim,  Hesse,  May  19,  1839;  R.C.  62,  N.B.S. 
65,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  North  Bergen,  1865-1902;  Plaintield,  N.J.  (Ger.)  S.S. 
1902-04;  North  Bergen,  1906-10;  died  Dec.  6,  1920.  See  Min.  Gen. 
Syn.,  1921,  635. 

Kain,  Maurice  L  L.,  b.  Delaware  Water  Gap,  April  20,  1883,  R.C.  1906^ 
N.B.S.,  1906-09,  Gen.  Sem.  191 1,  Episcopal. 

Kain,  P.  L,  b.  Alarch  31,  1848,  in  Ireland;  entered  on  evangelistic  work  in 
1889;  (pastor  ALE.  Ch.  of  Pittston,  91-92,  of  Cong.  Ch.  W.  Pittston^ 
92-5),  Philadelphia,  4th,  1895-1909,  (Congregational,  Woodbridge,  N.J., 
1909-14,  d.,  D.D. 

Kaisiak,  see  Krisik. 

Kalemjian,  Alugerdich,  Nerses,  b.  Alarash,  Armenia.  April  6,  1877,  St. 
Paul's  Listitute,  Tarsus,  Graduate  student  N.B.  Sem.  1904,  ord.  by 
CI.   Ulster    1905,    Blue   Alountain    1905-10,   Three    Bridges    191 1 

Kails,  Wm.,  came  from  London  in  1756,  with  recommendation  from  Dr. 
Chandler;  (supplied  Philadelphia,  Ger.  Ref.  in  1756-7,  Amwell,  Ger.. 
Ref.  and  the  German  Churches  on  the  Raritan,  1757-9,)  N.Y.C.  Ger. 
1759-60. — "Harbaugh's    Lives,"    ii.    382. 

Kampen,  Isaac.    See  Van  Kampen. 

Kanter,  Howard,  b.  N.Y.C.  Alarch  20,  1883,  R.C.  Bible  Teachers'  Training- 
School  1914,  N.B.S.  1917,  1.  by  CI.  N.Y.,  New  Baltimore  1917-21, 
Wallkill  1921 

Karreman,  Anthony.  H.C.  '03.  W.T.S.  1906.  1.  by  CI.  Holland.  Cleve- 
land, 2d,  1906-10;  Grand  Rapids,  9th,  1910-14;  Paterson,  Union  Ref., 
1914-18.      Muskegon,   2d,    1918 

Karsten,  John  H.,  b.  Heerenveen,  Vriesland,  Netherlands,  Feb.  16,  1833; 
R.C.  60,  N.B.S.  63,  1.  CI.  111.;  Miss,  to  Forreston,  111.,  65-7,  Oostburg, 
67-9,  Alto,  Wis.,  69-84,  Ed.  of  "De  Hope,"  84-6,  Coopersville,  Mich., 
86-9,  Alto,  89-93,  Oostburg  and  Hingham,  Wis.,  93-7,  Oostburg,  97-9. 
S.S.  Gilderland,  Alich.,  1903-05.  d.  May  26,  1914.  Member  of  Coun- 
cil of  H.C.  1871-84,  1891-1909. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1914,  247. 
Publications  :    Translation  into  Dutch  of  "Our  Country,"  by  Dr.  Josiah 

Strong. — Editorials  and  contributions  to  the  press. 

Kasse,  A.  K.,  c.  to  America,  1846,  1.  CI.  Geneva,  51  ;  Pultneyville,  51-61, 
Buffalo,   61-4,   Cleveland,   64-8,   Paterson    (Hoi.   2d),   68-74.     d. 

Kavanagh,  John  Francis  Edge,  b.  N.Y.C,  1858,  P.S.  83,  ord.  CI.  Poughkeep- 
sie,  83,  Hyde  Park,  83-4;    other  details,  see  P.S.  Gen.  Cat. 

Keator,  Eugene  H..  b.  Rosendale.  N.  Y.,  Aug.  6,  1865.  Colgate  Col.  N.B.S, 
1908.  1.  by  CI.  Kingston.  S.S.  Lyonsville  and  Krumville,  1895-1902, 
Rochester    (Accord)    1902-05,    Blawenburgh,    1908,    Franklin    Park,    N. 

J.   (Six  Mile  Run).  1908 .     Business  Alanager,  Somerset  Ch.  News,. 

1920 

Publications  :    Hist.  Six  Alile  Run  Ch.,  1710-1910. 

Keerl.  Julius  J.     West  Levden,  1889. 

Keldcr,  Edward,  b.  Grandville,  Mich.,  Oct.  5.  1873;  H.C.  96.  W.S.  99,  i. 
CI.  Grand  River;    Constantine,  1899-1904;    Knox  and  2nd  Berne,  1905- 


I  UK    M  INISTRV  381 

0(S;  Coytesville,  1908 — .    Member  Sch.  Bd.  Englewood  Cliffs.  N.J.,  Pres. 

Bd.  of  Health.  Fort  Lee.  NJ.     Ph.D.  Universal  Col.  of  Science  1918. 
KellogR,  C.  D..  h.  Ann  Arbor.  Alich..  July  3,  1842:   C.N.J.  61.  P.S.,  1.  2d 

Presbyt.    N.Y.   63;     (Wilmington.    Del.,   63-7),    Northumberland,    67-8, 

Northumberland     and     Fort     Miller.     68-72,     Passaic,     North,     72-9. 
(Presbyt.). 
Kelly,    Wm.    B.     Candidate   CI.    Newark    1913.     M.E.    Church. 
Kelly,  Wm.  H..  b.  Newcastle.  Eng..  June  30,  1863.     Ham.C.  1891.     N.B.S. 

1891-2.     Gen.  Sem.  i892-'5. 
Kemlo.  Jas..  b.  in  Scotland.  1848;    R.C.  75.  N.B.S.  78,  lie.  CI.  N.B.  (Lincoln, 

Neb.    (Presb.).   78-80),   Montville,   N.T.,    1880-83.   d.    Sept.    18. 
Kendall,  John  B.     Easton,  N.  Y.,  1831. 
Kennedy,   Duncan,  b.   Amsterdam.   N.Y..   May   16.   1809;     U.C.  35.   P.S.  37. 

Ord.  Presb.  Albany.  39;     (Gahvay.  N.Y.,  39-41),  Alljany.  41-55,  Troy. 

Second  st.,  55-67.  Brooklyn.  2d,  68-9,   Bloomfield,  Westminster  Ch.  70- 

81.     Died  Dec.  30.  1887.     D.D.  by  Ham.C.   1845. 
See  Manual.    1902. 

PuBj-iCATioxs  :  Sermon  on  the  death  of  Rev.  W.  J.  Pohlman.  Albany. 
1849;  the  same  delivered  in  New  York  City  before  Gen.  Syn.,  June  10,  1849. 
— Discourse  at  Inaug.  of  Dr.  W.  H.  Campbell  as  Prof.   Bib.  Lit.,   1851. 

Kennipe ,   Canajoharie,  about    1770.     He   was   partially   deranged. 

See   Manual,    1902. 
Kern.  Fred.,  b.  1846,  at  Eisnach.  Ger. ;    Leipzig  Univ..  Dubuque  Sem.,  Iowa, 

68;  lie.  by  Presbyt.;  ord.  by  L'nited  Presb.  Syn.  of  the  Northwest,  68, 

(Warsaw,   Wis.,  68-71,   Carlstadt,   N.    L,   71-6,   both   Presb.,)    Newark 

West.   1876-82.  w.  c.  82-95. 
Kern,  John  Michael  (Heidelberg,  Germany.  17.. — 1763).  Ger..  N.Y.C.,  1763- 

71.    Montgomery.    N.Y..    1771-8.      From    memoranda    in    Secretary    of 

State's   Office,   he   is   represented   as   pastor   of   the    High   German    Ch. 

N.Y.C.  1765;    of  Gee.  Cong,  at  Camp  and  Rhinebeck.  in  1787;  and  of 

Hanover.   Ulster   Co.,   1775.      He  was   Conferentie.     A   sermon   of   his, 

preached  in  1767  in  Ger.  R.C.  N.Y.C.  was  translated  by  Morris  Fox, 

and  published  1875. 
Kern,  S.     S.S.  West  Leyden,  N.  Y..  1885-6. 
Kerr,  George,  b.  in  Ireland,  1812;    Wms.  Col.  39,  U.S.  43;    Conesville,  N.Y.. 

44-6.     Died   Mar.   2~.   1867.     See   more   in   U.S.   Gen.   Cat. 
Kerr.  J.  H.     M.E.  Ch.     S.S.  Plattskill  and  High  Woods,  1921. 
Kerschred,  H.  B.     S.S.  Kent  St..  Brooklyn.  1920-21. 
Kershaw.  John,  b.  at   Paterson,   ALiy   14,' 1842;    U.S.  68,   lie.   CI.   Paramus, 

1871;    teaching,  1868-73;    Stone  House  Plains,  1873-80.     See  U.S.  Cat. 

for  more. 
Kershaw,    Wm.    H.,    b.    in    England.    1846.      Entered    ALE.    ministry    1873. 

Came  to  America  1883.     (Served  Congregational  churches  1883-1903). 

Rosendale,   1903.     d.  June  28. 
See  Min.  Gen.   Svn..   1904,  838. 
Kershow,  Joseph  H.,  b.  1826.  at  Harlingen,  N.J.     R.C.  50,  N.B.S.  53,  1.  CI. 

Philadelphia.     Miss,  at   Ridgeway  and   Macon,   53-5,  Centreville,  55-65, 

Eden,  65-67,   New   Salem.   67-72,   Gallupville,   '/2-~.   S.S.    Sharon.   77-9. 

S.S.  De  Spclder,  79-82.     Died  Dec.  20,  1886.     Mints.  Gen.  Svn..  1887, 

434- 
Kctchum.  Lsaac  S.,  b.  at  Poughkeepsie,  1796;    N.B.S.  1821.  1.  CI.  N.B.    Sal- 
isbury, Manheim,  and  Danube.  22-3,  Alanheim  and  Stone  Arabia.  23-30. 

in  23  also  appointed  Miss,  to  Columbia,   Indian  Castle,  and  Rem.   Syn- 

der's  Bush,  and  26-7.  Miss,  to  Herkimer;    Stone  Arabia  and  Ephratah, 

30-5;  Miss,  to  Centreville  and  Three  Rivers.  Mich.,  35-8,  d.  1863. 
He  was  an  intimate  friend  of  President  \'an  Buren,  who  appointed  him 
to  the  delicate  task  of  removing  some  Indian  tribes  beyond  the  Mississippi. 
This  he  did  satisfactorily,  and  received  from  the  President  an  autograph 
letter,  thanking  him  for  his  services.  He  then  removed  to  St.  Louis,  where 
■he   became   a    farmer,   and   afterward    hospital    chaplain. 


382  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Ketchum,  Wm.  W.     Bloomingdale,   N.Y.C.,   1912-13.     Pres.   Chicago. 

Kettletas,  Ab.,  b.  in   N.Y.   1733;    Y.C.    1752;    (Elizabethtown,   N.J.,   Presb. 
1757-60;);    supplied  Jamaica,  1760-2;    French  Ch.  N.Y.C.,   1769;    died' 
Sept.  3c,  1798. 
He  preached  in  English,  Dutch,  or  French.     The  people  at  Jamaica  de- 
sired him  for  their  pastor,  but  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  were  not  satisfied 

with   his   views   on   the   divinity   of   Christ,   and   refused   their   assent. — See 

"Sprague's  Annals,"  R.D.C.,  p.  20.     "Ecc.  Rec,  N.  Y." 

Kiekentveld,  Mannes,  b.  in  Netherlands,  Sept.  2,  1839,  c.  to  America,  50; 
R.C.  63,  N.B.S.  66,  1.  CI.  Holland,  Grandville,  67-70,  Fremont  Centre. 
70-3,  Polkton,  73-6,  Detroit,  76-7,  w.  c.  Died,  1889,  May  30.  Mints. 
Gen.   Syn.,   1890,   1891.     Biog.  sketches  of   Grads.    R.C.   1889,  24. 

Killough,  Walter  W.,  b.  Concord,  N.C.,  Nov.  10,  1848.  D.C.  1873,  N.B.S. 
1876,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  Arkansas,  1876;  laboring  in  Boone  Co.,  Ark., 
1876-80.     Presbyterian  churches  of  the  southwest. 

Kimball,  Jos.,  b.  at  Newburgh,  N.Y.,  Aug.  17,  1820;  U.C.  1839,  Newburgh. 
Sem.  1843,  lie,  Assoc.  Ref.  1843;  (Hamptonburgh,  1844-52;  Hebron; 
Brockport);  Fishkill-on-the-Hudson,  1883-5,  Brooklyn,  1865-74.  d. 
Dec.  6.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1866.     See  Manual,  1879. 

Kimura,  Kumage,  (Japanese),  N.B.S.  1882;  sailed  for  Japan,  July  18,  1882. 
Laboring  in  Japan. 

King,  Albert  A.,  b.  1852.  Pennington  Sem.  1.  by  Newark  M.E.  Confer- 
ence. Ponds,  1881-3,  Boonton,  83-7.  Riverside,  87-92,  Ramapo,  92-1900, 
emeritus,    d.  June  22,,  fgo2.    Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1903,  519. 

King,  Albert  Barnes,  b.  Morristown.  N.J.,  1828;  C.N.J.  55,  U.S.  55-6,  P.S. 
57-8;    S.S.  Gilboa,  N.Y.,  1863.     See  Gen.  Cats.  U.S.  and  P.S. 

King.  Fred.  L.  R.,  b.  Morristown,  N.J.,  1823;  C.N.J.  44.  P-S.  46-8;  ord. 
as  evangelist  by  CI.  Bergen,  Oct.  16,  55 ;  Hudson  City,  55-7.  See  P. 
Gen.  Cat.  for  further  particulars. 

King.  Jas.  Foster,  b.  Bloomfield,  N.J.,  1857,  C.C.N.Y.  79,  U.S.  83,  ord. 
CI.  Ulster;  Roxbury.  83-1886,  died  May  30.  See  U.S.  Gen.  Cat.;  and 
Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,  1887,  430. 

Kingsbury,  Lucius,  Sioux  Falls,  S.D.,  1896-8. 

Kinney,  Chs.  Walter,  b.  S.  Berlin,  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.Y.,  June  5,  1858;  lie. 
Ci.  Saratoga,  1888;  Westerlo,  N.Y.,  89-91,  Shokan  and  Shandaken,  91- 
3,  St.  Johnsville,  93-9.  Hobart,  N.Y.,  Presbyt.  1899-1906,  Mohawk, 
1906-11.  S.S.  Fort  Herkimer,  1909-11,  Schoharie,  1911-13,  Saratoga,. 
1913 .      S.S.    Fort   Miller,    1913 ■ 

Kip,  Francis  M.,  b.  Aug.  7,  1810.  in  N.Y.C.  C.C.  26.  N.B.S.  30,  1.  CI.  N.Y.^ 
Bloomingdale,  30-1,  Ninth  St..  N.Y.C,  31-6,  Fishkill,  36-70,  Hugue- 
nots, S.L,  72-6,  Huguenots  and  Richmond,  76.  Chaplain  of  Seamen's 
Retreat,  S.L.  72-1888,  died  May  28.  Elected  a  trustee  of  R.C.  i860. 
S.T.D.  by  C.C.  1857.  Pres.  Gen.  Syn.,  1856. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications  :     "An    Old    Disciple   and   his    Descendants."    with    an    in- 
troductory chapt.  by  Dr.  Thomas  De  Witt,  1848,— Disc,  at  the  150th  Anniv. 

of  R.D.C.  Fishkill,  1866.— Address  at  Fun.  of  Dr.  C.  C.  Van  Cleef. 

Kip,   Francis   M.,   b.   Fishkill,  April   19.   1839    ( s.  of   F.   M.   Kip);     U.N.Y. 

1864,    N.B.S.    67.    1.    CI.    Poughkeepsie ;     Linlithgo,    67-9;     Fultonville, 

69-82,  also  S.S.  Auriesville,  79-83,  Harlingen.  1884-1902.     S.S.  Kerhonk- 

son,  1902-1904.     Greenwood  Heights,  L.  L,   1904-06.     d.  June   19,   1911. 

See  Min.  Gen.  Svn.,  1912,  559. 

Kip,  Lsaac  L.,  b.  N.Y.C,  March  10,  1835  (s.  of  F.  M.  Kip)  ;  R.C  1855, 
N.B.S.  61,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie;  East  William.sburgh.  61-2,  Chaplam 
159th  Reg.  N.Y.V.  62-3,  Stuyvesant  Falls,  64-7.  Schodack  Landing, 
67-75.  Peekskill.  75-9  (Presb.,  Patterson,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y.,  79- 
88),  Lisha's  Kill,  88-91,  Sup.  of  New  Brunswick  City,  Miss.  91-3,  High 
Bridge,  N.J.,  93-8,  Philadelphia,  South,  98-1900.  Died  Aug.  26.  1901. 
He  was  a  man  of  literary  taste  and  a  writer  of  ability.     See  Manual,  1902. 


THE    MINISTRY  383 

Publications:  Letters  from  Army,  1863,  in  "Fishkill  Journal"  and  "Ch. 
Int."— In  Mcmoriam  H.F.  See.  "Ch.  Int.,"  1874.— Exegesis  Matt.  26:29; 
Hudson  Minist.  Assoc.,  1866.— Essay  on  Relation  of  the  Ministry  to  the 
Church:  Hudson  River  Assoc,  1868. — The  Prayer  Test;  Conditions  and 
Results.  H.R.  Assoc,  1873. — Very  many  contributions  to  the  press. 
Kip,  Leonard  W.,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Nov.  10,  1837;    Col.  Coll.  57.  N.B.S.  60,  1.  CI. 

N.Y.     Missionarv  in  China,  1861-98.     d.  Feb.  27,   1901.     D.D.  by  R.C. 

1880. 
He  was  the  son  of  Leonard  W.  Kip,  Esq.,  of  New  York  City.  Though 
his  was  every  inducement  to  remain  at  home  in  perhaps  a  less  costly  ser- 
vice, and  in  the  enjoyment  of  comforts  and  luxury  that  could  be  his  at 
command,  he  heeded  the  call  of  the  Board  for  China.  Having  entered 
upon  his  work,  he  seemed  to  be  utterly  forgetful  of  self  in  his  deep  absorp- 
tion in  his  ministry  for  others.  He  had  especial  fondness  for  the  direct 
I)reaching  of  the  Gospel ;  and  he,  therefore,  devoted  his  energies  chiefly 
to  the  evangelistic  work  of  the  Mission.  He  knew  the  truth  and  power  of 
the  Gospel  in  his  own  soul  and  life,  and  it  was  his  constant  desire  and 
effort  to  bring  that  power  to  bear  upon  the  hearts  and  lives  of  those  by 
whom  he  was  surrounded.  Hardly  any  other  missionary  in  all  that  region 
was  so  constantly  touring  with  his  helpers,  and  preaching  the  Gospel  in 
the  towns  and  villages  about. 

During  the  thirty-eight  years  of  his  active  connection  with  the  Amoy 
Mission,  1861-99,  he  beheld  its  marvelous  development.  When  he  went 
thither,  there  were  but  three  churches  at  Amoy,  with  262  communicants. 
There  was  one  Station,  with  four  Outstations.  Not  a  native  pastor  had 
been  ordained,  and  there  were  but  three  schools  of  any  kind.  When  he  left 
there  were  eleven  churches,  each  with  its  native  pastor,  supported  by  the 
church,  with  more  than  1,400  communicants.  Three  Stations  were  occupied 
by  missionaries,  with  forty-three  Outstations  and  preaching  places.  There 
were  eighteen  schools  of.  various  grades,  from  the  Parochial  School  to  the 
Theological  Seminary,  with  three  hospitals.  Dr.  Kip  not  only  witnessed 
this,  but  he  helped  largely  in  bringing  it  into  existence.  "Mints.  Gen. 
Syn.,"   1901,   1236.     Manual,   1902. 

Publications:  Letters  from  China  in  the  "Christian  Intelligencer"  and 
"Sower." — Map  of  Amoy  Mission  in  "Manual  of  Missions." — Map  of  Pal- 
estine and  Journeys  of  Paul,  for  Chinese  converts. — Church  Psalter,  1892; 
new  map  of  Amoy  District,  1892. — Translation  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  in 
part. 
Kipp,  Peter  E.,  b.  in   Paterson,  N.J.,   1847;    N.Y.U.  67,  N.B.S.  70.  He  by 

CI.  Paramus;    Fishkill,  N.Y.,  70-4,  Brooklyn,  Bedford,  77-81,   Schenec- 
tady, 2d,  81-7  (Presbyt.,  Cleveland,  O.,  87-95,  San  Diego,  Cal.,  95-1900. 

d.  May  9). 
His   zeal   and   activity   were   untiring.      His   earnestness   broke   down   his 
health. 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Kirby,   Thos.,    (alias  Kirkham,  "M.G.S."  i.  338)  ;    an   independent  minister 

from  England,  rclicensed  by  CI.   N.Y.   1797;    Staten  Island,   1797-1801, 

suspended,   restored;     Elizabethtown,   Canada,    1801 — ..• — "M.   G.    Syn." 

i.  309,  456. 
Kirkland,   Robt.,  w.  c   1833-6,  Miss,  to   Sand   Beach,   1836-7. 
Kirkpatrick.  Milton  R.,  b.  Fort  Deposit,  Ala.,  Tune  16,  1850.     Davidson  Col. 

1873.     Columbia   Sem.   1873-5.     N.B.S.    1876.     Ord.  by   East   Alabama 

Pres. — Laboring   Southern    Presbyterian   Church. 
Kirkwood,  Rolit.     From  Presbyterian  Ch.  of  Scotland;    Miss,  to  Mnnayunk, 

28-g,  Cortlandtown,  33-6.  d.   1866. 
Publications:    Lectures  on  the  millennium. — A  plea  for  the  Bible. 
Kirkwood,  Thomas  J.     Pres.     Fort  Plains,  N.  Y.,  1916-22,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.. 

2d.  1922 

Kiss.  Andrew,  b.  Kocsord,  Hungary.  May  16,  1886.     Special  Student  N.B.S. 

1911. 


384  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Kissam,  Samuel,  b.  in  N.Y.C.,  in  1796;    U.C.  1813,  studied  under  Mason,  and 
at  N.B.S.  17,  1.  CI.  N.B.;    Bethlehem  and  Coeymans,   18-28,  Bethlehem 
and  Jerusalem.  28-41,  Coe3mans,  43-5,  d.   1868. 
Publications:    Memorials.     i2mo,  pp.  448.     N.Y.,  1859. 

Kittell,  James  Shephard,  b.  Hamilton,  Ont.,  March  17,  1873.  West.  Sem. 
Allegheny,    Pa.,    1899.      Albany,    N.    Y.,    ist,    1907-22.      Bergen,    N.    J., 

1922 .      Pres.    Gen.    Syn.,    1914.      D.D.    R.C.    1909.      Pres.    Bd.    of 

Domestic  Missions  1921 

Kittle,  Andrew  N.,  b.  at  Kinderhook,  1785;    U.C.  1804;  studied  under  Froe- 

ligh  and  Livingston,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1806;    Red  Hook  Landing  and  St. 

John's,   1807-15,  Red  Hook  Landing,  St.  John's,  and  Linlithgo,   1815-27, 

Upper  Red  Hook,  1827-33,  Stuyvesant,  1835-46,  w.  c.     1864,  d. 

He  was  a  grandson  of  Domine  Fryenmoet.     He  was  a  man  of  fine  ability 

and  large  scholarship.     His  modesty  was  so  great  that  he  kept  himself   in 

the  background  and  did  not  occupy  the  position   for   which  he  was   fitted. 
See  Manual,   1902. 

Kittredge,  Abbott  Eliot,  b.  Roxbury,  Mass.,  July  2C,  1834;  Wms.  Coll. 
54,  And.  Sem.  59,  lie.  by  Congregationalists ;  (Charlestown,  Mass., 
(Winthrop  Cong.  Ch.)  59-64,  New  York,  nth  Presbyt.,  65-70,  Chicago, 
3d,  Presb.  70-86).  Madison  Ave.,  N.Y.C.,  1886-1906.  Pastor  Emeritus 
1906-12.  d.  Dec.  17. 
Dr.  Kittredge  was  a  man  of  transparent  character,  and  a  pulpit  orator 

of  more  than  ordinary  ability.     He  also  looked  carefully  after  the  minute 

details  of  his  large  parish.  •  In  his  prime  few  equaled  him  as  a  good  minister 

of  Jesus  Christ.     Min.  Gen.  Svn.,   1913,  895. 

Klaaren,  John  A.,  b.  Pella,  la.,  Feb.  5.  1891-  H.C.  1918.  W.T.S.  1921.  1. 
by  CI.  of  Pella.     North  Holland,  Mich.,  1921 

Klein,  Carl  T.  A.,  Hoboken,  ( Ger. ) ,  1881-2,  S.S.  Bayonne  (Ger.),  82-5, 
Prof.   Pleasant   Prairie  College.   1886-7.  w.  c. 

Klerekoper,  Joseph,  b.  Amsterdam,  Hoi.  Educated  College  and  Seminary 
in  Amsterdam.  1.  by  Presbytery  of  Minnewaukan.  (Pres.  Penn., 
N.D.,  Mackinaw,  Mich.     Alto,  Wis.).  Chandler,  Minn.,  1920 

Klerk,  Abraham.  H.C.  1898.  'W.T.S.  1901.  1.  by  CI.  Wis.  Greenleafton, 
Minn.,  1901-04;  Cedar  Grove,  Wis.,  1904-11  ;  Chicago,  Englewood, 
2d,  1911-13;  Clymer,  N.  Y.  (Abbe),  1913-17;  Classical  Miss.  CI. 
Cascades,    1917-20;     Grand   Rapids,   Bethany,    1920 

Klooster,  Foppe,  b.  Donkerbroek,  Netherlands,  May  7.  i860;    H.C.  88.  W.S. 
91,  I.  CI.  Holland.  Galesburg.  la..  1892-19CI  ;    Bentheim  (East  Overisel), 
T902-06;    Ada,   1906-10;    Three  Oakes,   1910-13.     d.  April  28. 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1913,  894. 

Klyn,  H.  G.,  b.  Nov.  19,  1793;    Graafschap,  1851-2,  Milwaukee  and  Frank- 
lin, 52-3,   Milwaukee.  53-4.  Grand   Rapids,  2d,  54-7,  Kalamazoo,  57-62, 
Chicago,  1st,  63-8,  emeritus.     Died  Dec.  i,  1883. 
He  was  one  of  the  leaders  of  the   Secession  in  the  West  in   1857. 

Knevels,    ,  St.  John's,  W".L,   18..  —  ..      Sec  "Mag.  R.D.C."  iii.  2.7.— 

Knox's  "St.  Thomas,  etc.,  W.L" 

Knickerbocker,  D.  M.  R.C.  1870.  N.B.S.  1870-71.  Merchant,  d.  April 
29,  1888. 

Knieskern,  Jos.,  b.   Berne,  N.Y.,   Ap.   10,    1810;    R.C.  38,   N.B.S.  41,   1.   CI. 
Schoharie;    Berne,  2d,  and  Knox.  41-5,  St.  Johnsville,  45-72,  also  sup- 
plying Manheim  and  Indian  Castle;  w.  c.     S.S.  Presbyt.  Ch.  in  Virgil. 
N.Y.     Died  Sept.  7.  1895. 
Manual,    1902. 

Knight.  Richard  Waller,  b.  England  1794;  c.  to  America  1820.  1.  by  Con- 
gregationalists; Clove,  35-8,  Roxbury,  38-41,  Sand  Beach,  41-4,  Cato 
and  Lysander,  45-8.  Cato  and  Wolcott,  48-52.  emeritus,  d.  Feb.  9,  1873. 

Knight,  Wm.  Blenheim,  N.  Y.,  1840;  Moresville,  1841-2;  Spottswood, 
1846-7. 

Knowlton,  Alb.  W..  b.  LeRov,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  9.  1828.  N.B.S.  1859,  1.  CI. 
Kingston;    N.  and  S.  Hampton,   1860-4.     (Presbyt.).     d.  Aug.  5,  1905. 


THE   MINISTRY  385 

Knouse.  Chas.     Ger.   Ref..  N.Y.C.,   1823-7,  Manhattan  Ch.,   N.Y.C.,  29-33. 

d.  1862. 
Knox.  Chs.  Eugene,  b.  Knoxhoro.  N.Y.,  1833;    Ham.  Coll.  56,  U.S.  59;  tut. 

Hamilton  Coll.   59-60,  pastor  elect,   Utica,   N.Y.,  60-2,   Oswego.   N.Y., 

62-3,  Alorristown.  63-4,   Bloomfield,   N.J.,  64-73.     Pres.   Ger.   Theolog. 

School,  Bloomfield,  N.J.,  1873 .     D.D.  by  C.N.J.  1874. 

Publications:  "A  Year  with  St.  Paul,"  1863. — A  Series  of  Graded 
S.S.  Text-books,  64-70,— "Love  to  the  End,"  1866. — "David  the  King,"  1874. 
Knox,  Jas.  Hall  Mason,  (son  of  Rev.  John  Knox),  b.  N.Y.C.,  June  10,  1824; 

C.C.  41,  N.B.S.  45,  1.  CI.  N.  Y.;    ord.  by  Presb.  Newton,  46  (German 

Valley,  N.J.,  46-51),  Easton,  Pa.,  51-3,  Germantown,  Philadelphia,  53- 

69,   Bristol,   Pa.,   73-83,    Pres.    Lafayette   Coll.   83-90,   emeritus,     d.   at 

Baltimore.     Jan.  22,  1903.     S.T.D.  by  C.C.  1861.     LL.D.  by  C.C.  1885. 
Knox,  John,   b.   near   Gettysburgh,    1790;     Dick.    Col.    1811,   studied   under 

Mason,  lie.  by  Assoc.  Ref.  Pres.  Philadelphia,  1815;    New  York,  1816- 

58,  d.  Elected  a  trustee  of  R.C.  1825.  D.D. 
He  was  descended  from  a  chain  of  pious  ancestry — Scotch  Presbyterians 
in  their  relations.  From  childhood,  he  evinced  great  conscientiousness, 
tenderness,  and  affection,  and  a  strict  regard  to  every  duty  assigned  him. 
In  college  he  was  regarded  by  all  with  respect  and  affection,  and  the  asso- 
ciations then  formed,  whether  with  professors  or  students,  were  only  ter- 
minated by  death.  In  the  Associate  Reformed  Seminary,  among  his  fellow 
students,  there  arose  an  attachment,  which  bound  them  as  with  clasps  of 
steel,  and  which  became  stronger  with  time.  In  1816,  he  and  his  classmate. 
Paschal  N.  Strong,  were  called  and  settled,  at  the  same  time,  over  the 
church  of  New  York,  and  both  continued  in  that  single  charge  till  death. 
For  twenty-five  years  Dr.  Knox  was  the  senior  pastor  in  the  Collegiate 
Church.  His  character  presented  a  beautiful  harmony  and  symmetry. 
There  was  no  peculiar  prominence  in  any  trait,  so  as  to  obscure  and  de- 
press others.     He  was  the  model  of  a  Christian  gentleman. 

In  his  preaching,  he  wa^  sound  in  sentiment,  lucid  in  discussion,  bearing 
the  subject  practically  home  to  the  consciences  and  hearts  of  his  hearers. 
His  preparation  for  the  pulpit  was  careful.  His  manner  was  serious  and 
bore  the  conviction  of  his  cordial  sincerity.  Every  reflecting  mind  and 
upright  heart  could  not  fail  to  be  profited  by  his  ministrations.  As  a  pastor 
he  was  eminently  attentive  and  useful.  Few  have  surpassed  him  in  this 
respect.  His  visits  to  the  chamber  of  sickness  and  in  seasons  of  affliction 
were  ever  most  grateful  and  highly  prized.  He  occupied  many  prominent 
places  of  trust  in  the  religious  and  educational  institutions  of  the  day, 
spending  much  time  and  performing  much  labor  in  their  behalf.  There  was 
a  tendency  to  pulmonary  disease,  yet  voyages  and  care  preserved  his 
health,  and  during  his  last  years  he  was  unusually  robust  and  vigorous. 
Having  been  engaged  in  pastoral  visitation  on  a  certain  day,  he  returned 
home  and  passing  on  the  back  piazza,  by  some  misstep  he  lost  his  balance, 
and  fell  on  the  pavement  below,  fracturing  his  skull.  After  lingering  a 
few  days  in  an  unconscious  state,  he  died.  His  was  the  greatness  of 
goodness. 

See  "Memorial  with  Sermons  by  Drs.  Chambers,  Rogers,  Vermilye  and 
De  Witt,  and  addresses  by  Drs.  Hutton  and  Van  Vranken."  "McClintock's 
Cyc."     Also  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year  Book,"   1894,   121.     Manual,   1902. 

Publications  :    For  his  numerous  publications,  see  Manual,  1902. 
Knox.  John  Calvin,  b.  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Nov.  7,  1856;    U.C.  90,  Aub.  Sem. 

and   U.S.   90-1,   ord.   by    CI.    Schenectady;     Rotterdam,   2d,    1891-1904. 

Presbyterian. 
Knox,   lohn  P.,  b.  July  28,  181 1,  Savannah,  Georgia.     R.C.  30,  N.B.S.  n, 

1.   Cr.    N.B.;     Nassau  38-41,    Utica,   41-4,    St.   Thomas.    W.I.,  47-54. 

(Presbyt.  Newtown,  L.I.).     Died  June  2,   1882. 
Publications:     Hist,    of    R.D.C.     Nassau.    1841.— Hist,    of    Is.    of    St. 
Thomas,  with  notices  of   St.  Croix  and  St.  John's,   1851. 


386  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Knox,  Taber,  (grandson  of  Rev.  John  Knox),  b.  N.Y.C.,  Oct.  29,  1863; 
C.C.  83,  U.S.  86,  1.  CI.  N.Y.;    Tarrytown,  2d.  87-9,  Philadelphia,  4th, 

89-94,  Warwick,   1894 .     Pres.   P.S.   N.B.   1906.     Minister  Am.   Ch. 

at  Hague   1912.     Chaplain  U.S.A.,  France,   1918. 
Knox,  Wm.  White,   (son  of  John  P.  Knox),  b.  Utica,  N.Y.;   P.U.  62,  P.S. 
6;    lie.  Presb.  Nassau;    (Woodhaven,  N.Y.,  67-9,  also  S.S.   Springfield, 
68-9,  Huntington,  N.Y.,  69-81),  Bayonne,  N.J.,  ist,  81-93,   (New  Bruns- 
wick. 1st.  Presb..  1893-1918.     P. Em..  1918 ). 

Kocherthal,  Joshua,  a  Lutheran  minister,  b.  1669;  c.  to  America,  1708; 
supplied  East  and  West  Camp,  N.Y.,  1708-9,  1710-19,  died. 
The  Reformed  and  Lutherans  worshipped  much  together  at  this  time. 
The  Quassaic  (Newburgh)  colony  came  over  with  Kocherthal,  and  he  also 
preached  at  Newburg  frequently.  He  also  brought  over  a  bell  for  his  church, 
the  gift  of  Queen  Anne.  This  bell  was  loaned  to  the  Lutheran  Church  of 
New  York,  about  1713.  when  it  remained  for  twenty  years,  being  taken 
back  to  Newburg  in  1733.  He  and  many  of  his  co-religionists  had  fled  from 
the  Lower  Palatine  to  England  because  of  the  ravages  of  the  French  army. 
They  were  denizened  in  England  by  royal  order.  Aug.  25.  1708,  and  were 
sent  to  New  York,  at  the  expense  of  the  government,  with  Lord  Lovelace. 
In  1719,  the  land  was  apportioned  to  them  in  nine  parcels,  of  which  Kocher- 
thal's  wife  and  children  received  Lot  No.  5,  containing  about  250  acres. 
In  the  year  1709  he  visited  England  about  the  affairs  of  the  colony,  and  re- 
turned in  1710.  Other  Palatines  came  over  at  the  same  time,  and  settled 
at  East  and  West  Camp,  Livingston  Manor.  Another  company  arrived  in 
1722.     See  Ecc.  Rec.  N.*Y.     Manual,   1902. 

Koechli,  Fred.,  b.  Berne,  Switzerland,  Nov.  19,  1871.     Methodist  Episcopal, 
1885-7,  w.  c,   Plainfield,    (Ger.)    87-93,   Somerville,  4th,    (Ger.),   1886- 
1908.    d.  Aug.  8. 
Min.   Gen.   Syn.,   1909,   529. 
Koeppe,  Edwin  W.,  b.  Dec.  24,   1888,  Holland,  Wis.     H.C.   1914.     W.T.S. 

1919.     Missionary  to  China  1919 .     M.D. 

Koerlin,  Ernest  F.,  b.  Monch  Kappe,  Pomerania,  Germany;  Ger.  Theolog. 
School,  Bloomfield,  N.J.,  93,  Th.  Sem.  of  same,  96,  lie.  Presb.  of  Eliza- 
beth; Davis  and  Delaware,  la.,  1897-1902;  Scotland,  S.  D.,  1902-06; 
Davis    (Bethel),   S.  D.,   1906-08;    North  Sibley,   la.,   1909-13;    Monroe, 

S.  D.,  1914-19;    Classical  Miss.  CI.  of  Germania,  1920 

Kolvn,   Matthew,   b.   Franklin,   Wis.,   June   23,    1856;     H.C.   77,   N.B.S.   80, 
1.   CI.    Holland;     S.S.   of    Presbyt.   Ch.    Sault    Ste.   Marie,    Mich.,  80-1, 
ord.  by  CI.  Geneva,  81  ;    Marion,  N.Y.,  81-6,  Spring  Lake,  Mich.,  86-8, 
Kalamazoo,  ist,  Mich.,  88-93,  Orange  City,  la.,  93-8,  Principal,  North- 
western  Classical   Academy,   Orange  City,   la.,   98-1901,   Grand   Rapids, 
2d,  Mich.   1901-1910.    Professor  of   Historical  Theology  W.T.S.    1910- 
18.    d.  May  13. 
Dr.  Kolyn  was  a  successful  pastor  and  preacher  of  marked  ability.     He 
was  "apt  to  teach,"  and  it  was  because  of  his  qualification  in  this  respect 
that  he  was  so  successful  as  principal  of  Northwestern  Academy  and  in  the 
chair  of  the  Theological  Professor. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1918,  600. 

Publications:    On   joint  committee    for   publication   of   Hymnal   of   the 
Reformed  Church. 

Kommers,  Tunis  John,  b.  July  8,  1856,  Middleburg,  Zeeland,  in  the  Nether- 
lands; H.C.  1881,  N.B.S.  1884,  1.  CI.  Grand  River;  Pompton.  1884-6, 
Knox  Memorial.  N.Y.C..  1886-8,  (Owray,  Colorado,  1889-9.  Presb.), 
Linden.  N.J.,  1889-91,  Lafayette,  Jersey  City,  1891-1903.  (Union 
Church,  National  City,  Cal.,  1903-04.  d.  April  2). 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1904,  838. 
Kooiker.  Garret.  H.C.  1897.  W.T.S.  1900.  1.  by  CI.  Holland.  Britton, 
Mich.,     19CO-03;      Centerville,    Mich.,    1903-05;     Kalamazoo,     Bethany. 

1905-11;    Grand  Rapids,  Bethel,  1911-16.     (Cong.  Ch.,  Colorado,  . 

Pres.  Ch.,   Battle  Creek,   Mich.,  ). 


THE    MINISTRY  387 

Koop,    E.     Candidate   Classis    Pleasant    Prairie    1921. 

Koopman,  H.  R.,  Low  Prairie,  1865-8,  High  Prairie,  1870-7,  Paterson,  6th, 

1879-84,  d.   June  24. 
KortcHng,    George,   b.   Chicago,    111.,    Sept.   22,    1879.     H.C.    1901.      N.B.S. 
1904.     Ord.  by  CI.  Wis.     Clinton,  Okl.,  1904-09;    Fairview,  Ok!.,  1909- 

II.      (Pres.  Creston,  la.,  1911-20;    Oelwein,  la.,   1920 ).     Served  as 

Y.M.C.A.  Sec.,  Europe,  1918-19.     Pres.  Bd.  Trustees  Lenox  Col.,  Hop- 
kinton,  la.,   1921 

Kosa,  Andrew,  b.  Hungary,  Oct.  15,  1896.  Bloomfield  Sem.  1919.  1.  by 
Pres.  Morris  and  Orange,  1919.     Manville,  N.  J.,  1920 

Koster,  Martin  E.,  b.  Friesland,  Neth.,  Feb.  19,  1873.  H.C.  and  Kalamazoo 
Col.  1902.  W.T.S.  1905.  1.  by  CI.  Mich.  1905.  Danforth,  111.,  1905- 
11;  Fulton,  111.,  1st,  1911-16;  Fulton,  111.,  2d,  1916-18;  East  William- 
son, N.  Y.,  1918 

Koster,  Sipko  E..  b.  Netherlands,  Ap.  25,  1867;  (The  School  of  Chr.  Refd. 
Ch.  89,  Th.  Sem.  Chr.  Refd.  Ch.  92,  ord.  by  Chr.  Refd.  Ch.  92;  Kellogs- 
ville,  Mich.,  92-3,  Kalamazoo,  93-6,  both  in  Ch.  Refd.  Ch.)  S.S.  Middle- 
burg,  la.,  97-8.  pastor,  98-1900.  Hull,  la.,  1900-1905.  w.  c.  De  Motte, 
Ind.,  1908-11.     Morrison.  111.,  Ebcnezer,  1911-16.     Firth,  Neb.,  1918 

Kots,  John  Wm,.  b.  Aalten.  Gueiderland,  Netherlands,  Nov.  24,  1863;  H.C. 
96,  W.S.  99,  1.  CI.  Iowa;  Friesland,  Minn.,  1899-1905;  also  Sandstone, 
1903-05;  Carmel,  la.,  1905-11.  CI.  Miss.  CI.  Iowa,  1911-20.  Matlock, 
la.,  1920 

Kramer.  George,  b.  Feb.  6,  1872.  Foreston,  111.  Dubuque  Col.  1896.  Pres. 
T.S.  1899.  1.  by  Pres.  Dubuque.  (Pres.  1899-1908.  Ch.  Ref.  1908-12). 
Davis,  S.  D.,  Bethel.  1912-16.     CI.  Miss.  CI.  of  Germania,  1916- 

Krause.   Carl.     Candidate   CI.    Bergen    1902-08. 

Krausher,  F.  J.,  Woodhaven,  Grace  Ch.,  1892-3. 

Kregel,  John  Herman,  b.  Feb.  4,  1883,  Meppel,  Drenthe,  Neth.  H.C.  1906. 
W.T.S.  1914.  1.  by  CI.  Wis.  1914.  Mt.  Greenwood,  111.,  1914-17;  Kal- 
amazoo, 4th,  1917-19;  Jiull,  la.,  1919 

Kremer.  John.  b.   Neth..   Feb.  2,   1832.     Theo.   Sch..   Kempen   1865.     Pastor 
in  Netherlands.     (Grand  Rapids.  Christian  Ref.).     South  Holland,  111., 
1879-83.   Zeeland.    1883-92.    Detroit,    1892-1902.     d.   July    19.    1907. 
Min.  Gen.  Syn..   1908.  234. 

Kriekaard.  Adrian,   b.  at   Niewdorp,   Netherlands.   Oct.    18,    1839;     R.C.   63. 

N.B.S.  66,  1.  CI.  Holland;    Rochester,  66-8.  Kalamazoo,  68-76,  Grand 

Rapids,    3d,    1876-1902.      President    Holland    Home    for    Aged,    Grand 

Rapids,     d.   Sept.  3,   1907. 

He  was  a   forceful  preacher,  genial,   friendly  and  optimistic.     Min.   Gen. 

Syn..  1908,  235. 

Kriekaard,  Cornelius,  b.  Nieuwdorp,  Prov.  Zeeland,  Netherlands,  July 
29,  1848.  H.C.  1874.  N.B.S.  77^  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Albany,  (Holl.)  77-9, 
Roseland.  111..  79-84.  Danforth,  111.,  84-8,  Lafayette,  Ind.,  88-92,  Hull, 
la.,  93-6,  Clara  City,  and  Roseland,  Minn.,  96-8,  Three  Oaks,  Mich., 
1899-1905.      S.S.    Ada,    Mich.,    1912-17.      Emeritus    1917. 

Krisik,  Alois  A.,  b.  Kolozsvar,  Hungary,  Oct.  12,  1876.  Bloom.  Sem.  1909- 
10.  N.B.S.  1912.  1.  by  CI.  Westchester,  1913.  Peekskill,  Hungarian, 
1912-14;    West   Side   Hungarian,   Chicago,   1915-17. 

Kroesche.  August  C,  b.  Germany.  Dubuque  Col.  1892.  Univ.  Wis.  A.M. 
1908.  Dubuque  Sem.  1894.  1.  by  Pres.  Freeport,  1894.  Teaching 
Dubuque  Col.  1894-1904.  (Pres.  Pulaski.  Wis.,  1905-07,  Madison,  Wis., 
1907-12).  Pekin,  2d.  111.,  1915-17.  Silver  Creek,  German  Vallev,  111., 
1917— 

Kroesche.  Frederick  Henry,  b.  Germany.  Dubuque  Col.  1891.  Dubuque 
Sem.  1894.  1.  by  Pres.  Freeport  1893.  (Pres.  Bethel,  Bay,  Mo.,  94-7. 
Union,  Stacyville,   la.,   1897-1902.     Harper,  111.,   1903-13.     Salem,   Mo., 

1913-15)-     Elim,  Kings.   la..   1915 

Publications:   Articles  in  German  press. 


388  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Krom,  Asbury  E.,  b.  Oxford,  O.,  Oct.  31,  1869;    Miami  Univ.  92;  U.T.S.  Q7, 

(S.S.  Westminster,  Houston,  Texas.  Presbyt.  1897),  S.S.  Bergen  Point, 

1898-1901.      D.D.   by   U.T.S.    1897. 
Kroodsma,  Robert,  b.  Dec.  3,  1890,  Vriesland,  Mich.     H.C.   1914.     W.T.S. 

1917.     1.  by  CI.   Holland.     Manhattan   and   Hope,    Big   Timber,   Mon. 

1917-19;    Clymer  Hill,  N.  Y.,  1919-21. 
Publications  :    Poems,  1913. 
Krueger,  Chs.  H.  T.,  b.  at  Stettin,  Pomerania,  Germany,  1850;    R.C.  1874; 

N.B.S.  1877,  lie.  S.  CI.  L.I.;    Newark,  East,   1877-80,  d.  Dec.  16.     See 

"Ch.  Int.,"  Dec.  23,   1880. 
Krueger,  Harm.  T.,  b.  Ap.  16,  1867,  at  Shannon,  111.;    Ger.  Theolog.  Semi- 
nary at  Dubuque,  la.,  1893;    1.  by  Presbytery  of  Dubuque;    Washington, 

la.,  1893-8.     d.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1899,  561. 
Kruidenier,  Jeremias,  b.  Hitzert,  Hoi.,  Feb.   13,  1864.     H.C.  1886.     N.B.S. 

86-7. 
Kruizenga,  Evert  R.,  b.  Ferrysburg.  Mich.,  Oct.  14,  1877.    H.C.  1904.   N.B.S. 

1907.    1.  by  CI.  Grand  River.    Bedminster,  1907-13.     (Pres.  Port  Jervis, 

1913 )• 

Krum,  Josephus  D.,  b.  Hillsdale,  N.  Y.,  Alarch  10,  1833.    R.C.  1858.    N.B.S. 

61;    Florida,  61-5,   (Seneca  Falls,  Presbyt.  65-79).     Episcopalian.    D.D. 

Ham.  Col.  1874. 
Kruys-Voorberge,  J.  P.  J.     From  the  Netherlands.     1.  by  CI.  Holland  1912. 

Ustick,  111.,  1912-18;    Vesper,  Wis.,  1918-21 ;    Returned  to  Netherlands. 
Kuiper,  Albert,  b.   Kalamazoo,   Mich.,  June   10,   1870;    H.C.  93,   N.B.S.  96, 

1.  CI.  Grand  River;    Unionville,  Westchester  Co.,  N.Y.,  1896-1905.     d. 

Nov.  21. 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1906,  600. 
Kuiper,  A.  C.    Ebenezer  (Holland,  Mich.),  1867-77. 
Kuite,  John,  b.  Holland,  Mich.,  March  3,  1891.     H.C.  1916.     W.T.S.  1919. 

1.  by  CI.  Holland  1919.    Graduate  student  P.S.  1919-21.    Chicago,  Gano, 

111.,  1921 

Kuizenga,  John  E.,  b.  Dec.  20,  1876,  Muskegon,  Mich.     H.C.  1899.     Prof. 

English  and  Greek,  Northwestern  CI.  Acd.   1900-03.     W.T.S.  1904.     1. 

by   CI.    Holland    1904.      Graafschap    1904-1906.      H.C.    1906-1915,    Prof. 

Philosophy   and    Bible.     Prof.    Practical    Theo.    W.T.S.    1915.     Editor 

the  Leader  1919 .     A.M.  Univ.  Mich.  1915.     D.D.  by  H.C.  1916. 

Publications:   4  Catechetical  Manuals,  1918-21.     Sermons  and  addresses. 

Kuss,  C. ,  Sandusky  City,  1855-6. 

Kuyper,    Cor.      H.C.    1898.      W.T.S.    1901.      1.    by    CI.    Iowa.      Graafschap, 

Mich.,  1901-04;    Grand  Rapids,  4th,  Mich.,  1904-11;    Cedar  Grove,  Wis., 

1911 

Kuyper,    Hubert,    b.    Orange    City,    la.,    April    23.    1877.      N.W.    Classical 

Academy.    W.T.S.  191 1.    1.  by  CI.  la.  1911.     Missionary  to  Japan  1911. 
Kuypers,    Gerardus   Arense,   b.    Dec.    16,    1766,    in    Curacoa,    (son   of    War. 

Kuypers)  ;    studied  under  D.  Romeyn  and  H.  Meyer,  lie.  by  Synod  of 

D.R.  Chs.  1787;    Paramus  and  Saddle  River,  i788'-9.  New  York,  1789- 

1833,  d.  June  28.     Prof,  of  Hebrew,   1799-1804,  A.M.  by  C.N.J.   1810. 

D.D.  by  Q.C.  1810. 
His  father  removed  to  this  country  when  Gerardus  was  but  t^vo  years 
old.  He  was  licensed  to  preach  at  the  early  age  of  nineteen.  He  was  called 
from  Paramus,  to  preach  in  Dutch,  at  the  Garden  Street  Church,  and  he 
continued  to  officiate  in  that  language  till  1803.  He  was  a  modest,  retiring 
man,  never  seeking  popularity.  His  great  desire,  in  his  several  duties,  was 
to  please  his  Master.  He  was  a  man  of  the  greatest  uprightness  and  sin- 
cerity. In  his  character  there  was  a  beautiful  symmetry  and  harmony. 
Meekness  and  humility  were  his  prominent  traits.  The  jealousy  of  superior 
talent  and  reputation  was  a  sentiment  to  which  he  was  a  stranger.  He  was 
peculiarly  useful  and  happy  in.  the  chamber  of  sickness,  being  a  "son  of 
consolation,"   rather  than  a   "son  of   thunder." 


THE   MINISTRY  389 

See  Addresses  at  his  funeral  b_v  Drs.  Brodhead  and  Knox.     "Sprague's 

Annals."     "Gunn's   Livingston,"  cd.    1856,   385.     "McClintock's   Cyc,"   "Ch. 

Int.,"  July,   1833.     "Collegiate  Ch.  Year  Book,"   1889.  79.     Manual,   1902. 

Kuypers,  VVarmoidus,  b.  in  Holland,   1732,  studied  at  University  of  Gronin- 

gen,    (in  company  with  Westerlo,   Rysdyck,  and   H.   Meyer),   Curacoa, 

(17.. — 68).   Rhinebeck   Flats,  and   S.S.  at   Upper   Red   Hook  and  the 

Landing,  1769-71,  Hackensack,   (2d),  and  Schraalenburgh,   (2d),  1771-' 

97.  d. 

Mr.   Kuypers  was  settled  over  that   part  of   the  church  at   Hackensack 

which  had  belonged  to  the  Conferentie  party.     They  remained  unrepresented 

in  Classis,  after  the  articles  of  union  between  the  parties,  for  fifteen  years. 

He  was  a  contemporary  for  three  years  with  Goetschius,  for  nine  years  with 

D.  Romeyn,  and  for  nine  with  Solomon  Froeligh.     The  controversies  of  the 

day  greatly  marred  the  usefulness  and  comfort  of  those  servants  of   God. 

Their  trials  were  neither  few  nor  small.     They  also  stood  aloof  from  the 

other  section  of  the  community  in  Hackensack,  because  of  a  certain  charter 

which  that  party  had  obtained,  covering,  it  is  supposed,  the  church  property, 

in    an    offensive    way.      (Froeligh,    Goet.schius,    Curtexius).      Yet    Mr. 

Kuypers  himself  seems  to  have  been  a  peaceful  and  quietly-disposed  man. 

He  was  in  his  old  age,   while   Mr.   Froeligh  was  in  his   prime,  which  was 

greatly  to  the  disadvantage  of  his  people.     He  had  been  separated  from  his 

people  for  five  days,  with  an  ample  provision  on  their  part  to  pay  him  an 

annuity   for  life,  when   he  died. 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Kuypers,  William  Provost,  (s.  of  Warmoldus  Kuypers),  b.  at  Hackensack, 
1773;  studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1792;    Miss, 
on   Delaware,    1792-3,   Paramus   and   Saddle   River,    1793-6,   susp.    1797, 
deposed,   1797,  restored,   1798.     Boonton,   1801-5,    (Hempstead,   Presbyt. 
1805-13),  Miss,  in  Southwest,  especially  in  Texas,  and  Red  River  dis- 
trict,  1813-21,  w.  c,  d.-  1851. 
See   Manual,    1902. 
Kuypers,  Zechariah  H.,  (s.  of  Warmoldus  Kuypers),  b.  at  Rhinebeck,  1771 ; 
studied   under    Livingston,    1.   CI.   of    Hackensack,    1793;     Jamaica,    New- 
town,  Success,   Oyster   Bay,   1794-1802,   Jamaica,    Success,   Oyster   Bay, 
1802-18,  Success,  Oyster  Bay,  and  Lakeville,  1818-24,  Ponds,  Wyckoff, 
and    Preakness,    1825-42,    w.    c.    1842-8,    emeritus,    d.    1850,    Oct. — See 
"Prime's    L.L,"   295. 
See  Manual,    1902. 
Kvle.  Henrv  Zophar,  b.  Covtesville,  N.J..  June  15,  1870;    U.S.  96;    entered 

CI.  N.Y.,  1898-1905. 
Kyle.  Joshua  R.,  b.  at  Cedarsville,  Greene  Co.,  Ohio,  Aug.  2,  1834;    Miami 
Univer.  59,   United   Presb.   Sem.   Xenia,   O.,  63,  lie.  by  United   Presb. 
Church,  Xenia,   1862;    (United  Presb.  Ch.   Fall  River,   Mass.,   1867-75, 
U.P.    Pittsburgh,    Pa.,   76-79)  ;     Port   Jackson,   81-8,   Cranesville,   88-9, 

Amsterdam,  ist,  1889 .     D.D.  Miami  Univ. 

Kyle,  Thomas,  Salt  River,  Kentucky,  1804-16,  became  a  Methodist. 

Labagh.  Ab.  L.  b.  Aug.  4,  1805 ;  N.B.S.  26,  1.  CI.  X.Y. ;  Evangelist  at  Rhine- 
beck. 26-7,  St.  Thomas.  W.L.  27-42,  Gravesend,  42-59,  w.  c.  1865,  d. 

Labagh.  Isaac,  b.  1764,  studied  theology  under  Livingston,  1.  by  Synod  of 
D.R.  Chs.  1788;  Kinderhook  1789-1801.  also  supplying  Taghkanick 
1799-1800,  Krum  1800.  1812-13.  supplying  Canajoharie.  Stone  .Arabia 
1801-03.  New  Rhinebeck  1803-11.  also  Sharon  1808-11.  Greenbush.  1811-13 
and  Wynant's  Kill  1811-13.  New  Rhinebeck.  1813-14,  German  Ref.  Ch.  N. 
Y.C.  1814-22.  New  Rhinebeck  1823-26,  Missionary  to  Utica  1827-37, 
died  Julv  24.  1837,  sus.  1826,  restored  1827.  sus,  1830,  restored  1830, 
A.M.,  Q'.C.   1813. 

Labagh.  Isaac  P.,  b.  Aug.  14,  1804;  (s.  of  Peter  Labagh;)  N.B.S.  26,  1.  CI. 
Philadelphia ;     Waterford,    27-30,    supplied    Orchard    st.,    N.Y.,    31-2, 


390  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

Graveseiid,  32-42,  w.  c.  42-5,  suspended  for  heresies  concerning  Second 
Advent    and    the    Christian    Sabbath.     Episcopalian.     Died    Dec.    29, 
1869. 
Publications  :    Review  of  Dr.  McClelland  on  Bib.  Interp.  1842. — A  Ser. 
on  Personal  Reign  of  Christ.     1846. — Twelve  Lects.  on  "Great  Events  of 
Unfulfilled  Prophecy."   1859. — "Theoklesia,  or  the  Organization,  Perpetuity. 
Conflicts  and  Triumphs  of  the  One  Holy  Cath.  Apost.  Ch."  1868. 
Labagh,  Peter,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  1773,  studied  under  Froeligh  and  Livingston,  1. 
by  CI.  Hackensack  1796,  Miss,  to  Salt  River,  Kentucky,  1796-7,  Catskill 
and   Oakhill,   1798-1809,  also   supplying   Schoharie   Kill   and   Blenheim, 
1798-1803,  Harlingen   1809-1844,  also  Neshanic  1809-21,  d.   1858,  Trus- 
tee of  Q.C.  1811,  D.D.  by  Q.C.  1811. 
He  was  a  man  of  unusual  ability  who  obtained  a  strong  local  influence, 
which   under  different  conditions   might   have  been  much   more   extensive 
than  it  was.     See  Manual  1902. 

Publications:  Extracts  from  his  Inaugural  at  Harlingen,  1809,  Charge 
to  Heermance,  1832,  and  Ser.  on  Death  of  Rev.  W.  R.  Smith,  are  given  in 
Memoir. 

Labaw,  George  Warne,  b.  Feb.  29,  1848,  near  Clinton,  N.J.;  R.C.  C9,  N.B.S. 
"i,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia ;  Northumberland  and  Fort  Miller,  73-4.  S.S. 
Ridgewood,   1874,   Blue  Mountain,  74-82,  Colt's  Neck,  82-9,   Preakness, 

1889 .      S.C.    CI.    Passaic    1898.      Supt.    N.B.S.    1908-13.      Com.    on 

Necrology,  1907-12.  . 
Publications:    Historical   Discourse  at   Centennial   of    Preakness,    N.J., 
1901  ;    1902.     A  Genealogy  of  the  Warne  Family  in  America,  191 1.     Revo- 
lutionary  History  of   Preakness  and   Locality,    1919.     Class   of    1869,   R.C, 
1916.     Articles  in  press. 

Laborei,  Jacques,  b.  Cardaillac,  in  the  Department  du  Lot,  France,  16 — ; 
studied  theolgoy  at  Geneva,  Switzerland,  graduating  March  12,  1688; 
ord.  at  Zurich,  Oct.  30,  1688;  went  to  England.  Licensed  by  the  Bishop 
of  London  to  teach  Grammar,  and  to  catechize  in  the  parish  of  Stepney ; 
preaching  in  the  French  Chs.  of  London,  1688-98;  c.  to  America;  New 
Oxford,  Mass.,  1699-1704,  also  teaching  the  Indians,  whose  language 
he  learned.  French  Ch.  of  New  York,  Oct.  15,  1704-6,  Aug.  25.  (His 
call  dated  Sept.  10,  1704).  Became  Episcopalian,  1706.  Practised 
medicine  and  surgery.  In  1716,  settled  in  Fairfield  Co.,  Connecticut,  as 
a  physician,  occasionally  assisting  in  Episcopal  services.  Died  about 
1734. — "Doc.  Hist.,  N.Y.,"  iii.  250,  427-433,  478.  "Col.  Hist.  N.Y."  iv. 
684,  755 ;  V.  63.  "Baird's  Huguenots,"  ii.  145-6. — Collections  of  Hu- 
guenot Soc.  xxv.-xvii. 
Laes,  Henry,  a  minister  at  Fort  Altona,  on  the  Delaware,  was  disgraced  and 

fined   for   mal-conduct,   Ap.    10,    1660. — "Mag.    R.D.C."   iii.   54. 
Laidlaw,  Walter,  b.   Nerval,   Ontario.   Mar.  7.   1861  ;    Univer.   Toronto,   81, 
P.S.  84.  ord.   Presbyt.  Albany,    (West   Troy    (Germain   Mem.)    86-92; 
Pres.  Fairhaven,  Wash.,  92-3),  assistant  pastor.  Collegiate  Ch.  N.Y.C, 

1893-1895.     Presbyterian  1907 

Laidlie.  Archibald,  b.  at  Kelso,  Scotland,  Dec.  4.  1727;    University  of  Edin- 
burgh;    (Flushing.  Holland,  1759-63),  New  York,  1763-79,  d.    S.T.D. 
by  C.N.J. ,  177c. 
He  kept  a  diary  of  his  life,  giving  us  his  spiritual  experiences.     He  cared 
not  for  outward  appearances,  for  the  display  of  much  knowledge,  for  polem- 
ics, or  for  the  polish  of  style  and  diction,  but  he  was  anxious  to  have  his 
heart   thoroughly    imbued   with   the    saving    influences    of    the   gospel.      He 
looked  upon  doctrines  chiefly  in  reference  to  their  heavenly  and  purifying 
efficacy.     Theory  was  nothing  without  practice.     Hence  he  sought  to  make 
every  doctrine  tell  on  the  heart  of  his  audience,  by  coming   from  his  own 
heart   warmed   with  the  consciousness   of   the   loveliness   and  worth  of   the 
truth.      He  believed  that,   to   be  an   able   steward   of   the   gospel,   one   must 
have  sat  long  at  the  feet  of  Jesus,  and  have  drunk  deep  of  his  spirit  and 


THE    MINISTRY  39I 

grace.  Hence  he  was  one  of  the  most  spiritual,  practical,  and  heart-search- 
ing preachers  of  his  da\-.  His  tastes  led  him  to  no  profound  discussions. 
His  amiability  kept  him  separate  from  polemics.  He  presented  the  pure 
doctrine  of  Christ  with  evidences,  brief  yet  clear,  noticing  extremes  and 
errors,  and  then  cautioning,  reproving,  advising,  and  comforting.  He  pos- 
sessed a  minute  and  extensive  knowledge  of  human  nature,  and  of  the 
Christian's  trials  and  joys,  and  he  brought  forth  from  his  treasury  things 
new  and  old.  He  was  unusually  successful  in  winning  souls.  A  great  re- 
vival attended  his  efforts.  His  manner  was  plain,  easy  and  affectionate. 
He  was  a  faithful  pastor.  He  was  humble  and  grave,  bold,  persevering, 
patient  of  injuries  and  reproaches,  indefatigable,  full  of  charity  and  cour- 
teous feeling.  On  the  back  of  a  characteristic  sermon,  on  Ps.  62:8,  dis- 
playing great  force  and  richness  of  Christian  experience,  a  warmth  of  pious 
feeling,  and  a  pathos  and  divine  unction  unusually  instructive  and  touch- 
ing, he  has  written,  in  his  own  hand,  "Preached'  in  the  North  Church, 
Feb.  25,  1770.  N.B. — The  Lord  was  pleased  to  bless  this  to  many  of  God's 
people.  Thanks  to  His  divine  goodness  !  He  leaves  us  not  without  a  wit- 
ness." He  was  the  first  regular  English  preacher  in  America  among  the 
Reformed  from  Holland. 

He  came  amid  much  opposition,  on  account  of  the  prejudice  of  many 
against  the  English  language.  Dr.  Livingston  frequently  adverted  to  the 
salutary  influence  which  the  ministry  of  Laidlie  exerted  not  only  in  his 
own  denomination,  but  in  the  cause  of  religion  in  the  city.  His  diary,  or 
parts  of  it,  will  be  found  in  "Mag.  R.D.C."  iii.  Domines  Ritzema  and  De 
Ronde,  with  several  laymen,  were  appointed  a  committee  to  procure  from 
Holland  a  minister  to  preach  in  English.  Their  letter  and  Dr.  Laidlie's 
reply  may  be  seen  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Feb.  ig  and  26,  1857.  De  Ronde  afterward, 
however,  sided  with  the  opponents  of  English  preaching,  in  the  lawsuit 
which  grew  out  of  it.  Dr.  Laidlie  died  of  consumption,  at  Red  Hook, 
while  in  exile  from  the  eity  on  account  of  the  Revolution. — See  "Mag. 
R.D.C."  ii.  33-38,  161,  314,  iii.  5,  24,  70,  107,  299,  360.  "Gunn's  Livingston," 
1st  ed.  105,  106.  "Doc.  Hist.,"  iii.  309,  311.  "Sprague's  Annals."  "Mc- 
Clintock's  Cvc."  "Mints.  Ch.  N.Y."  Ecc.  Rec.  N.  Y.  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year 
Book,"  1886,  p.  75. 

PuBLiCATioxs  :  A  part  of  his  Introduct.  Ser.,  1764,  in  "Sprague's  An- 
nals," p.  41,  "Mag.  R.D.C."  ii.  161.  He  translated  the  Heidelberg  Catechism 
from  Latin  into  English,  for  use  in  R.D.C,  about  1770.  De  Ronde  had  in 
1763  made  an  English  version  also,  probably  from  the  Dutch.  See  "Cen- 
tennial  Discs.,"  87,  88. 

For  an  account  of  English  speaking  churches  in  Holland.  See  Alanual. 
1902,  564. 

Laing,  J.,  Argyle,    1832-3. 

Laman,  Arend  Thomas,  b.  Jan.  2^.  1882,  Groningen,  Neth.,  H.C.  1909. 
W.T.S.  1912,  1.  by  CI.  G.R.  Indianapolis,  Ind.,   1912-14,  Baldwin,  Wis., 

1914-21,   Oostburg,   Wis.,    1921 

Lamar,  John,  H.C.  1888,  W.S.  91,  Grand  Rapids,  7th,  91-3,  Grand  Rapids, 
loth,  93-8,  Rochester,  2d,  1898-1912,  Chicago,  111.,  Roseland,  2d,  Beth- 
any, 1912 

Lammers,  Barend  \\'illiam.  b.  Cedar  Grove,  Wis.,  Tune  24,  i860;  H.C. 
86,  N.B.S.  89,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Hull,  la..  89-92,  Jamestown,  ist,  (Forest 
Grove,  Mich.).  1892-1903,  serving  American  Tract  Society  1903-05, 
Westfield  (Hope)  X.D.,  1905-10,  Corsica,  S.D.,  1910-14,  Silver  Creek, 
Maple  Lake,  Minn.,  1914-21,  Sodus,  N.Y.,  1921 — - 
Lansiedel,  .Wm.,  b.  July  17,  1878,  Barmen,  Germany,  Mission  House,  Coll. 
and  Sem.,  1903,  I.  by  S.  Dakota  CI.  Ref.  Ch.  U.S.  1903,  (Missionary 
S.  Dakota  Ref.  Ch.  U.S. .A.  1903-05,  Ashley,  N.D.,  1905-08.  Campbell- 
port,  Wis.,  1908-13),  Bailevville,  111.,  1914-15,  Wellsburg.  la.,  1916 — , 
S.C.  CI.  Milwaukee  Ref.  Ch.  U.S.  1908-13. 
Publication  :    Articles  for  the  press. 


392  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Lane.  Gilbert,  b.  at  Readington,  NJ.,  Nov.  29,  1828;  R.C.  51.  N.B.S.  54,  1. 
CI.  Philadelphia;  ord.  by  CI.  North  Carolina,  (G.R.C.),  Alay,  56; 
(North  Carolina,  as  Miss,  of  Ger.  Ref.  Ch.  55-57),  Gallupville  and 
Knox,  57-60,  (Schooley  Mountain  and  Mansfield,  2d;  Presbyt.  60-66)  ; 
also  Chaplain  in  army,  1864-65;  Florida,  66-73,  S.S.  Three  Bridges, 
N.J.,  1877-80,  Grahamville,  81-8,  Cuddebackville,  88-92,  Minisink,  93- 
1896,  died  Ap.  2-j.  See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1896,  498. — "Biog.  Notices 
of   Grads.   R.C,"   1896,    19. 

Lane,  Stoddard,  b.  July  2,  1887,  Unionville,  Conn.,  A.C.  1909,  Hart.  Sem. 
1913,  P.G.  Univ.  of  Berlin  1914,  1.  by  Cong.  Ass.  Hartford,  Conn., 
1912,  (Acting  pastor  Ch.  of  Pilgrims,  Brooklyn,  1914-15),  Bogota,  N.J., 

1915 

Lang,  John  Ebenezer,  b.  1839,  at  Schaffhausen,  Switzerland ;  grad.  at 
Schafifhausen,   1859;    at   Basle,  Zurich,  and   Tiibingen,  65;    lie.   by  CI. 

,    66;     ord.    Presby.    66;     (Wilkesbarre,    Pa.,    66-75,    Presbyt.) 

N.Y.C.  Melrose,  1875-91,  d.  Aug.  15.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1892. 

Lang,  W.     Gordon.     S.S.   Steinway,   L.   L,    1909-13. 

Langwith,  Frank  A.,  b.  March  9,  1893.  R.C.  1915.  N.B.S.  1918.  1.  by  CI. 
N.B.  Wialpack,  Lower,  Bushkill,  Pa.,  1918-20.  Marbletown,  N.  Y., 
1920-21.    Middlebush,  N.  J.,  1921 

Lansdale,  Joseph  Tucker,  b.  Dec.  13,  1866,  Baltimore,  Md.  Baltimore  City 
Col.  1886.  Drew  T.  Sem.  1891.  1.  by  BaUimore  Conf.  M.E.  Ch.  1891. 
Service  in  M.E.  Ch.  1891-97.  Bethany  Alemorial,  N.  Y.  C.  (S.S.), 
1897-1904.    Marconn'er,  Oak  Tree,  N.  J.,  S.S.,  1906-12.    Pastor,  1912-21. 

Lansing,  Ab.  G.,  (brother  of  Rev.  J.  A.  Lansing),  b.  1829;  U.C.  53;  Miss, 
of  Am.  Board,  among  the  Choctaws,  Indian  Territory,  54-8;  New 
Salem  and  Clarksville,  58-62,  Saratoga,  62-7,  Saratoga  and  Fort  Miller, 
67-8,  Miss,  at  Pella,  68-70,  Otley,  Iowa,  70-2,  Norris,  111.,  73-4,  Irving 
Park,  74-7,  New  Salem,  78-1885,  Blue  Mountain,  85-7,  d.  Sept.  8.  See 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1888,  678. 

Lansing,  Jacob  A.,  b.  at  Watervliet,  1797,  N.B.S.  1842,  1.  CI.  Schenectady; 
Wynantskill,  42-8,  w.  c.  1856,  d.     See  "Manual  of  1879." 

Lansing,  John  A.,  b.  at  Lisha's  Kill,  1824;  U.C.  42,  N.B.S.  45,  1.  CI.  Schen- 
ectady; S.S.  Day,  45-8,  Bethlehem,  2d,  48-60,  Catskill,  60-6,  Sec.  Bd. 
Publication,  66-75,  S.S.  Coxsackie,  2d,  TJ,  Chaplain  Am.  Union  Ch., 
Rome.  Italy,  78,  S.S.  Spring  Valley,  79.  Died  Tulv  22,  1884.  D.D.  by 
U.C.  1861. 
Publications:    "Ministerial  Support,"  1854. 

Lansing,  John  Gulian,  (son  of  Rev.  Gulian  Lansing),  b.  Damascus,  Syria, 
Nov.  27,  1851  ;  U.C.  75,  N.B.S.  JJ,  1.  CI.  Alontgomery ;  Mohawk,  77-9, 
West  Troy,  79-84,  Prof.  Old  Testament  Langs,  and  Exegesis,  N.B.S. 
84-98,   engaged   in   Editorial   Work,   Denver,   Col.,    1898-1906.     d.   Sept. 

3-     DD- 

Dr.   Lansing  was   a  peculiar  genius.     His   ability  and   teaching  capacity 

were  of  a  high  order.  His  heart  was  warm  and  his  affection  impulsive. 
Disease  dogged  him  throughout  his  life  and  finally  made  him  an  invalid. 
But  this  seemed  to  add  to  his  brilliancy  and  gave  to  his  preaching  and  work 
an  uncanny  brightness.     He  was  the  founder  of  the  Arabian  Mission. 

See  Min.   Gen.   Syn.,   1907,  913. 

Publications:    Am.  Revised  Version  of  the  Psalms,  1885. — Manual  of 
Arabic  Grammar,  1888. — Sermon  on  President  Garfield,   1881. — Pre-Islamic 
Literature. — Outlines    of    Special    Introduction    to    the    Books    of    the    Old 
Testament,  1897 . 

(His  father.  Rev.  Dr.  Gulian  Lansing,  was  a  missionary  at  Damascus,  but 
was  transferred  to  Egypt  in  1857.  See  "Miss.  Rev.  V.,"  804.  He  published 
"Egypt's  Princes,  a  Narrative  of  Missionary  Labor";  N.Y.  1865.) 
Lansing,  John  V.  S..  Ham.  C.  1820,  P.S.  1824.  lie.  by  seceders ;  Wynants' 
and  Rooster's  Kill,  1824-6,  Tappan  and  Clarkstown,  1826,  w.  c.  1826-9, 
Associate   Ref.,   Bloomingdale   and   White   Lake,    1829-32,   d. 


THE    MINISTRY  393 

Publications:    Address  to  Friends  of  Sound  Doctrine,  etc.,  in  T.  R.  D. 
C.  Pub.  anonymously.  ,      „.  i      r      i      r^^ 

Lansing,  Nicholas,  b.  at  Albany,  1748;  studied  under  W  csterlo,  lie.  by  Gen- 
eral Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders,  17H0;  Ancram,  Stissick,  and  Liv- 
ingston Manor,  (the  latter  representing  Greenbush,  Linlithgo,  and 
Taghkanic),  1781-4,  Tappan  and  Clarkstown,  1784-1830.  .J^Ppan.  1830- 
5  d  See  sketch  in  Manual  of  1879-  See  also  Dr.  David  Cole  s  Hist, 
of  Church  of  Tappan.  N.Y.,  1894.  ^,  ^,      t  a      «^,      ^' r 

Lansing,  Raymond  Augustus,  b.  Lisha  s  Kill,  N.\.,  June  26,  i8/3.  L^C 
94,  N.B.S.  97,  1.  CI.   Schenectady;    Glen,   N.Y.,    1897-1901.     d.   March 

A^^young  man  of  great  promise  cut  off  at  the  beginning  of  his  career. 
Min. 'Gen.  Syn.,   1903,  520. 

Lappius.     See  Loppius.  ^^ ,,  tt      o^    d  c    -q    tt  t;     An   (^^    S  S 

Larimore,  Jas.  Wilson,  b ,  N.Y.U.  1856.  P,S.  58.  U.S.,  69   ( . )   b.b. 

Cold  Spring.  60,  Albany,  3d.  60-1  ;    see  P.S  Gen.  Lat. 
Larzelere.   Jacob,   b.    I775;     studied   theol.   under   Livmpton.   1.    C  .  J^.V .. 
1796;    N.  and  S.  Hampton,  1797-1828,  d.  1834,  A.M    by  C.C.   1804. 
Publication:     A  Sermon  on  the  Death  of  Gerard  \\ynkoop,i8i2. 

lasher,  Calvin  E..  b.  Clermont.  N.Y.,  Jan.  11.  1850;  R-C.  1870,  N.B.S.  /3. 
He.  CI.  Hudson;    Guilford,  1873-1915-     ^'•^'™-  ^^iS-  n    -d  c    -t    1 

La  Tourette  las.  A.  M..  b.  N.Y.C.  Mar.  22,,  1825;  N.\.lJ.  48.  P-S.  ^i,  1- 
Presbyt.  N.Y. ;  Westfield,  (now  Huguenots).  S.L,  51-5;  Episcopalian 
See  P.S.  Gen.  Cat. 

Laubach,   W.   Wortendyke,   1899.         .  ,      ^   ,  „,        „  ^      „„,    x t  o  c 

Laubenheimer,  John.  b.  New  Brunswick.  July  12.  ib6i  ;  .^'C-  ^8^3^/^f  ;^^: 
86    1    CI  West  Hempstead.  86-8.  Greenbush.    1 888-1 901.   Lec- 

turer Grand  Lodge  of  Free  and  Accepted  Masons,  State  of  N.Y., 
1901-09.  Chaplain  N.Y.  Assembly  1908,  drowned  in  Lake  George,  July 
IS,  1909,  Min.  Gen.  .,Syn.,  1910,  827. 

Laufer.  C.  W.     S.S..  Steinway.  1901-1906. 

Lawrence,  Charles  L.,  b.  Ludlow.  Vt  Sept.  2).  1869.  N^B.S.  189:,-/.  C^^- 
1897-8.  Miss,  in  Newark.  North  Ch.  1898-9,  High  Bridge,  N.J.,  1899- 
1902    irvington,   1902-1903,  journalist.   1904 

Lawrence.  C.  M.,  S.S.  Raritan.  111..   I9i5-i9- 

Lawrence.  D.  W.,  S.S.  Cicero,  N.Y.,  1876.  r      MV     tS.c-TIC 

Lawrence,  Egbert  Charles,  b.  at  Borodino.  Onondaga  Co..  N.Y.,  1845  ,U^G^ 
69,  tutor.  U.C.  70-2,  P.S.  75-  He  Presbyt.  N  B. ;  (Brooklyn.  G  ace 
Ch     Presbyt..  75-6,  assisted  in  publication  of  Jas.   B.  Thomson  s  nevv 

Algebra,  and  made  the  key  to  it.  76-7;)     Po^^o'^'"^^!,    ".    rrr'^'i's. 

SS    Owasco  Omlet.   77-8,    Schenectady,   2d.   78-80.   Prof.   U.C.   ,8-82. 

Thousand   Isles.   82-8.   Alt.   \'ernon,   88-90,   Westhampton,   90-1,    Ph.U 

by  Syracuse  Univ. 
Publications:    "Historical  Recreations.  xtrc 

Lawrence.  Wm.  H..  b.  Farmingdale.  NJ..  Oct.  14^  1848 ;    R.C.1874.  N^B.S 

1874-5.   Methodist   Episcopal.    Ph.D..   Univ.    N.Y.,    1893.   D.D..    Taylor 

Univ..   1893. 
Publication:    Earnest   Minister.    1873.  x- n  c    ,e-n 

Lawsing.  Sidney  Oscar,  b.  Amsterdam.  N.\..  April   '6.   1846;    N.B.b.   i«/9. 

Ik    CI    Schenectady;    Rocky  Hill.  79-83-  Glen.  83-88.  Addisville.  1888- 

1907,  Linlithgo.  1907-10.  Kiskatom.  1910-17.    d-  Jan.  I9-  1922. 
Leaver.  Lawrence  Leslie,  b.  Boyertown.   Pa..   Nov.  30.   1875.  High   School 

and  Academy   1893-  studied   under   M.   E    Conterence    1.  by  M.E.   Ch. 

1900.    (Phil.  "Vine   St.   Rescue   Mission.    1896- 1900      Cleveland.   O     bt. 

ClAir  St.   Rescue  Mission   1900-1003.  Roselle   Park    N J..  Aldene  M.E. 

1904-10.  We.st  Caldwell   Union  Ch.   1912-19).  Fairfield.  N.J.,   1919 

Leckner.  A.  M..  S.S.  Glen.  N.Y..  1836  ^.  ,     ^  ,     ^       ^  r  q    ,R,q   1 

Lee   Robert  P..  b.  1803.  at  Yorktown.  N.Y.;    Dick.  Col.  1824.  N.B.S.  1828,  1. 

'S.  CI.  N.Y.   1828;    Miss,  in  N.Y.C,   1828-9.  Montgomery.    1029-58,  d. 


394  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Elected  trustee  R.C,  1851.     D.D.  by  R.C.,  1854.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Lee,  Timothy  I.  Y.C.,  Y.  Thelog.  Seni.  (Winstod,  Ct. ;  New  Milford, 
Ct. ;   Easton,  Pa..   1889-93),  Newark,   ist,   1893-1905. 

Leeper,  James  L.,  b.  Frankfort  Springs,  Pa.    P. Univ.    P.S.     (Presbyterian). 
Kingston,   N.   ¥.,   ist,    191 1-20. 
Publications:     Leeper    S.S.   Helps.     Leeper   Photographs   in   Bible  and 

Classic  Lands.    Articles  in  press. 

LeFevre,  DuBois,  N.,  b.  New  Paltz,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  31,  1890.  R.C.  1914.  U.S. 
1917.     1.  by  CI.  Kingston.     Ass.  Bergen,  N.  J.,  1917-19.     Dropped. 

Le  Fevre,  George,  b.  Forest  Glen.  N.  Y..  April  24,  1856.  R.C.  1878,  N.B.S. 
81,  Livingston  Manor,  82-6   (Presbyt.). 

Le  Fevre.  Jas..  b.  at   New  Paltz,  N.  Y.,   1828;     R.C.  54,   N.B.S.  57.  1.   CI. 
Kingston;    Raritan,  3d.  57 — Dec.  74,   Middlebush,  Jan.  75 — 1902,  w.   c. 
d.  May  6,  1914.    Trustee  R.C.  88.     Sec.  and  Treas.  Alumni  Ass.,  N.B.S., 
1887-1914-     D.D.   R.C.    1893. 
He  was  a  man  of  large  body  and  a  large  heart.    His  kindliness  was  appar- 
ent to  all  and  his  benevolence  sought  out  those  in  need. 
See  Min.   Gen.   Syn.,   1914,  249. 
Publications  :    Many  articles  and  sermon  in  various  papers,  etc. 

Legget,  Lester  G.,  b.  N.  Y.  C.  Col.  Univ.  McCormick  Sem.  Evangelist. 
I.  by  CI.  Rensselaer  1890.  Evangelist,  1890-98.  Ass.,  Newark,  North, 
1899;  Albany,  N.  Y.,  3d,  1900-1903.  (Evangelist,  1903-10).  Red  Bank, 
N.  J.,   1914-19;    Irvington,  N.  J.,   ist.  1919 

Leggett.  Wm.  Jas..  b.  at  Shent.  N.Y..  Oct.   12.   1848;    R.C.  72,  N.B.S.  75, 
1.   CI.   Hudson ;     Schodack   Landing.   75-82,   Claverack,   82-9,    Belleville. 
89-93.  Nyack,  93-1901.  Chatham.   1901-17.     Ph.D.     N.Y.U.   1891.     Pres. 
Bd.  Supt.  N.B.S.  1910-11.     Vice-Pres.  G.S.  1918.     Pres.  P.S.A.  1904. 
Publications:    Many  articles  in  Int.,  etc. 

Legters,  L.  L.,  b.  Clymer,  N.  Y.,  July  8,  1873.  H.C.  1900.  N.B.S.  1903. 
Arapaho,  Okl.,  Indian  Mission,  1903-05;  Columbia,  Memorial,  Okl., 
1906-07;  Vermilye  Memorial,  Lawton,  Okl.,  1907-10  and  Apache 
Indians,  Fort  Sill,  1907-10.  Supt.  Indian  Work,  California,  1910. 
Pres.   1912. 

Lehlbach.  Fred.  A.  From  Grand  Duchy  of  Baden.  1850;  Newark.  3d,  1850- 
61,  suspended. 

Lehman,  Fletcher  V.  W.,  b.  Fultonville,  N.Y..  Sept.  24.  1870;  H.C.  and 
Ham.  Col.;  N.B.S.  99,  1.  CI.  Montgomery,  1899-1902;  Jerusalem,  1902- 
07;    S.S.,  Union,   1907;    S.S.,   Onesquethaw.   1908;    S.S.,   Union.   1909. 

Leinbach,  Paul  Seibert,  b.  Sept.  21,  1874,  Womelsdorf.  Pa.  Franklin  and 
Marshall  Col.  1895.  Eastern  Sem.  1898.  1.  by  Lebanon  CI.  Ref.  Ch. 
U.S.  1898.  (Ref.  Ch.  U.S.  Altoona.  Pa.,  Grace,  1898-1900;  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa..  Trinity,  1900-04;  Easton,  Pa.,  ist.  1904-12).  Hamilton 
Grange.  N.  Y.  C,  1913-17.     (Ref.  Ch.  U.S.     Editor-in-chief  Ref.  Ch. 

Messenger,   1917 .     Pres.  Juniata.  Allegheny  and  East  Pa.  CI.  Ref. 

Ch,  U.S.  Vice-Pres.  P.S.  N.Y.  R.Ch.A.  Sec.  Bd.  of  Home  Mis- 
sions. 1904-12.  Editor  of  S.S.  Literature.  1904-14.  Sec.  Am.  Commission 
of  Editors  and  S.S.  Leaders  to  Near  East  1919.  Contributor  to  Ref. 
Ch.  Review.     D.D.  Heidelberg  Univ.  1912.    Litt.D.  F.  and  M.  Col.  1921. 

Leis.  Stillman  R.,  b.  Bloomfield.  N.  J..  Aug.  31,  1882.  Bloom.  Acd.  N.B.S. 
1907.  1.  by  CI.  N.B.  Wyantskill,  N.  Y..  1907-11  ;  Highwood,  N.  J., 
1911-13.     Pres.  1913. 

Leland.  Hervev  De  Loss,  b.  Elkhorn,  Wis.,  Mar.  8.  1862;  Y.C.  85;  U.T.S. 
88;  ord.  by  CI.  Cayuga,  Oct.  2,  88;  Owasco  Outlet,  88-9;  (S.S.  Presbyt. 
America,   N.Y.,  90-6;    S.S.,   Niagara   Falls,    1897 

Lenington,  George  Chamberlain,  b.  Kokomo,  Ind..  Feb.  7.  1873.  111.  Col. 
1892.  Head  Master  Am.  Sch..  San  Paulo.  Brazil.  1893-5.  McCormick 
Sem.  1898.  I.  by  Pres.  Springfield  1896.  (Pres.  Wellington.  111., 
1898-9;  Virginia,  III.  1900-1907.  Brighton  Heights,  S.  I.,  1908-17. 
Union  Evan.  Ch.,  Mexico  City.  Mexico,  1917-18.  Captain,  Chap.  U.S.A., 


THE    MINISTRY  395 

France.   1918-19.     Field  Sec.  Progress  Campaign,  R.C.A.,   1919-21. 

Agent   for   Pension   Fund.    1921 .     D.D.   111.   Col.    1920. 

PuBi.ic.vTioNS :    Articles   for  the  press. 
Lente,  James  Rapalye.  h.  at  Newtown.  L.I.,  Ap.   18.   1822:    R.C.  42,  N.B.S. 

50,  1.  X.  CI.  L.I.;    Warwarsing.  50-3,  Rosendale  and  Bloomingdale,  54- 

64,  18O8,  emeritus,  d.  March  26,   1916. 
Leonard.    Frederick    M..   b.    Brooklyn,    N.Y..    March   29.    1876,    Y.C.    1899. 

(17  years  Baptist  Minister).  Finderne.  N.J.,  1921 

PuBLUWTioxs  :    Articles  for  press  many  on  economic  subjects. 
Lepeltak.  Cornelius,  b.  Grand  Haven.   Mich.,  Dec.  21,   1855,  student  H.C. 

Omaha  Sem.  1899.  1.  by  Kearney  Pres.  1899.  (Pres.  1899-1913).  Luctor. 

Kan..    1914-19.   Forestville,   Wis.,    1919 

Lepeltak,  Peter,  b.   Netherlands.  June   16.   1842;    R.C.  62.  N.B.S.  65.  1.  CI. 

Holland:    Roseland.    111..  65-9.   Greenleafton,   Minn..  69-77.   Overyssel, 

77-91,   Alton,    la.,   1892-1903.   Portage.   Mich..    1903-04.   Goodland.   Ind.. 

1904-06.  d.  Feb.  4.  1912.  D.D.  by  H.C.  1903.  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1912,  560. 
Leslie,  A.  H..  St.  Thomas,  W.I.,   1916-18.     In   Canada. 
Leslie,  John  R.,  b.  Scotland,  June  6.   1833,  Rochester  Univ..  N.B.S.  1856-7, 

Teacher. 
Letson,   \Vm.  W'arrer,  b.   New   Brunswick.   N.J..  Jan.    18,    1830;    R.C.   51. 

N.B.S.  54,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;    Ghent,   ist.  56-64.  Gilboa,  64-8,  Amity.  68-80. 

Ramapo,  82-92.  also  Ramsey's.  82-86;   died  Sept.  22.  1893.     "Mints.  Gen. 

Syn.."   1894.  211.     "Bi«g.   Notices  Grads.  R.C."   1894,  21. 
Lewis,  Henry  A..  Tappan,  N.Y..   1911-19. 
Lewis,  W'.,  Lutheran.   S.S.   Columbia.  N.Y..   1839. 
Leydekker.  see  Lydekker. 
Leydt.  Johannes,  b.   in   Holland,   1718;    studied  under   Frelinghuysen   and 

Goetschius,  lie.  bv  Coetus,   1748;    New   Brunswick  and   Six   Mile  Run, 

17-^8-83.  d. 
He  was  a  Hollander  by  birth,  and,  with  an  elder  brother,  emigrated  to 
this  country,  settling  at  first  in  Dutchess  County,  near  Fishkill.  N.Y.  The 
Classis  of  Amsterdam  very  reluctantly  permitted  his  ordination  in  this 
country.  His  whole  ministerial  life  was  spent  in  one  field  of  labor;  and, 
while  he  does  not  seem  to  have  left  any  distinct  impressions  of  his  pulpit 
talents,  he  is  represented  to  have  been  a  very  laborious  minister.  In  con- 
nect'on  with  the  organization  of  new  churches,  the  calling  and  installation 
of  pastors,  and  the  healing  of  difficulties  in  congregations,  we  shall  find  the 
name  of  Mr.  Leydt.  He  took  a  warm  interest  in  the  great  conflict  which 
agital^ed  the  Church,  and.  as  a  member  of  the  liberal  and  progressive  party, 
he  commanded  a  wide  influence.  Several  pamphlets  are  still  preserved 
which  he  wrote  during  this  period,  evincing  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the 
points  in  controversy,  and  showing  him  to  be  a  man  of  broad  and  Chris- 
tian views.  These  were  replied  to  by  Ritzema.  At  the  meeting  of  General 
Synod,  at  New  Paltz,  in  1778,  he  was  elected  President.  During  the  war  of 
the  Revolution,  he  was  a  firm  patriot,  ])reaching  upon  the  tojiics  of  the  day 
so  as  to  arouse  the  enthusiasm  of  the  i)eo])le,  and  counselling  the  young 
men  to  join  the  army  of  freedom.  In  the  cause  of  education  his  efforts 
were  early  and  devotedly  enlisted.  He  was  one  of  the  prominent  movers 
in  the  organization  of  Queen's,  now  Rutgers  College.  Appointed  one  of 
the  trustees  by  the  charter,  he  warmly  advocated  its  claims,  and  gave  to  this 
cause  his  best  energies. 

Mr.  Leydt  is  described  as  a  short,  stout  man.  of  dark  features,  very  quick 
in  his  movements,  and  in  his  disposition  kind  and  affable,  .^s  a  pastor  he 
is  said  ,to  have  been  highly  esteemed,  and  to  have  had  a  peculiar  faculty  of 
drawing  around  him  the  young  people  of  his  charge.  His  dress  was  the 
classical  costume  of  the  times,  and  in  his  manners  he  was  a  gentleman  of 
the  old  school.  During  the  early  part  of  his  ministry  his  preaching  was  in 
the  Dutch  language;  in  his  later  years  one-half  of  the  services  were  in 
English.     His  sermons  were  instructive,  and  always  delivered  with  a   full 


396 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 


voice  and  an  earnestness  of  manner  tliat  held  the  attention  of  his  hearers. 
He  was  a  good  man,  and  much  respected  beyond  his  own  denomination. 
His  sudden  death,  at  the  age  of  sixty-live,  was  regarded  as  a  pubhc  loss. — 
Ecc.  Rec.  N.  Y  .  "Coetus  Alints."     "McClintock's  Cyc." 

Publications  :  "A  Soliloquy  on  Faith  Genuine,  or  a  Dialogue  Between 
Self  and  the  Soul,  upon  the  Nature  and  Necessity  of  True  Faith,  in  order 
to  a  Right  Warfare  Here,  and  Victorious  Triumph  Hereafter;"  collected 
from  some  Private  Meditations  and  improved;  by  Johannes  Light  (Leydt), 
Dutch  Minister  of  the  Gospel  at  New  Brunswick,  N.J. ;  i  Pet.  1:19.  "Re- 
ceiving the  End  of  Your  Faith  Even  the  Salvation  of  Your  Souls ;"  2 
Cor.  13  :5,  "Examine  Yourselves  ;"  Daniel  5:27;  Tekel.  New  York  ;  print- 
ed and  sold  by  Hugh  Gaine,  at  the  printing  office  in  Queens  street,  between 
the  fly  and  meal  market,  1755.  (The  Misses  Roe,  of  New  Brunswick,  had 
a  copy.) 

Publications  in  Dutch  :  "W'are  Vryheyt  tot  Vrede,"  etc.,  etc.,  or  "True 
Liberty  the  Way  to  Peace:"  An  accourt  of  the  manner  in  which  the 
negotiations  for  union  and  peace  were  conducted,  and  what  prevented  the 
happy  issue.  Besides,  "A  Defense  of  the  Examnations  and  Promotions 
efifected  by  the  Ccetus."  showing  what  the  grounds  are  on  which  these 
things  were  done.  Philadelphia,  1760.  (See  "Ritzema's  Reply,"  1761.)  — 
A  Defense  of  the  Volume.  "True  Liberty  the  Way  to  Peace,"  against  the 
so-called  concise  refutation,  by  the  pretended  lovers  of  Truth  and  Peace; 
showing  that  they  did  not  happily  succeed  in  their  effort  to  unite  Truth 
and  Peace,  and  that  they  have  not  disproved  the  existence  of  the  Assembly 
of  the  Coetus,  nor  its  authority  to  examine  and  ordain.  Philadelphia,  1762. 
(See  "Ritzema's  Reply,"   1763.) 

These  pamphlets  of  Leydt,  with  replies  to  each  of  them  by  Ritzema, 
with  the  letter  of  the  Synod  of  North  Holland,  1765,  concerning  the  Coe- 
tus, were  recently  found  collected  and  bound  together  in  one  volume,  which 
was  secured  by  Dr.  E.  T.  Corwin  and  deposited  in  the  Sage  Library,  New 
Brunswick,   N.J. 

Leydt.  Matthew,  (s.  of  J.  Leydt),  b.  New  Brunswick,  March  4,  1753. 
Q.C.  1774;  studied  under  Hardenbergh  (?)  lie.  by  Gen.  Meeting  of 
Mins.  and  Elders,  1778;  Belleville  and  (iansegat,  1779-80,  N.  and  S. 
Hampton,  1780-3,  d.  Nov.  24.  Elected  a  trustee  of  Queen's  College, 
1783- 
Leydt,  Peter,  b.  Six  Mile  Run,  Nov.  6,  1763,  (s.  of  John  Leydt)  ;  Q.C.  1782; 
studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1788; 
Ponds,  Kakeat,  and  Ramapo,  1789-93,  d.  1796,  June  12. 
Licht,  Wm.,  b.  June  26,  1863,  Hanover,  Germanv.  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Col.  1885  and  Sem.  1888.  1.  by  Missouri  Synod  1887.  (Yankton,  S. 
D.,  1888-1900;    Mackay,  la.,  1901-06;    Gilboa,  la.,  1907-09;    Alexandria, 

S.  D.,  1909-14;    Rushmore,  Minn.,   1914-20)  ;    Monroe,  S.  D.,   1920 

Liddell,  John  A.,  b.  in  Scotland,  1806;  Glasgow  College  and  St.  Andrew's 
College,  1826  (?)  Greenbush,  30-4,  Totowa,  2d,  34-8,  Lodi,  N.Y., 
38-48,  supplied  Cicero,  48-9,  Stone  House  Plains,  49-50,  d.  Also  sup- 
plied Franklin.  See  Manual  of  1879 — A  MS.  Commemorative  ser- 
mon is  in  Sage  Librarv. 
Liebenau,  Michael  Fred.,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Mar.  i,  1813;  N.Y.U.  39.  U.S.  41,  1. 
3d  Presbyt.,  N.Y. ;  (New  Paltz  Landing,  (now  Highland),  41-6,  Pat- 
erson,  46-9,  New  Paltz  Landing.  50-67),  Dashville  Falls,  67-8,  Rosen- 
dale,  68-76,  also  S.S.  Bloomingdale,  76-83,  pastor,  emeritus,  Rosendale, 
83-4;  died  Jan.  13,  1891. 
Lillie,  James,  (Salem  Assoc.  Ref.  1836-44),  Clove,  1844-5. 
Lillie,  John,  b.  1812,  at  Kelso,  Scotland;  Edinburgh  University,  1831,  studied 
privately,  and  at  N.B.S.  1835,  1.  CI.  N.  Y.  1835;  Kingston,  1836-41, 
President  of  Grammar  School  of  University  of  N.Y.,  1841-2,  Broad- 
way, afterward  Stanton  st.,  N.Y.C.,  1843-8,  also  editor  of  "Jewish 
Chronicle,"  1844-8,  engaged  in  Am.  Bible  Union,  185 1-7.  (Kingston, 
Presbyt.),  1858-67,  d.     D.D.  1855  by  Univ.  Edinburgh. 


THE    MINISTRY  39/ 

He   stood   first   among   2,000    students    in   the    University   of    Edinburgh, 
and  was  one  of  the  most  accomplished  scholars,   who  ever  served   in  the 
Reformed  Church. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Plblicatioxs  :    See  Manual,  1902. 
Lindley,  Daniel,   (Lindsey,  D.,  Lindly,  D.). 

Missionary  in  South  Africa,  1835-42,  became  independent. — The  Board 
of  Foreign  Missions  informed  the  General  Synod  (1840,  p.  415)  "that 
there  had  recently  been  opened  a  very  inviting  field  of  labor  among  the 
Dutch  Boers  or  farmers  in  South  Africa,  and  that  they  have  given  as- 
surances that  any  plan  of  moderate  expenditure  for  their  benefit  which  may 
be  devised,  shall  receive  attention.  A  missionary,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Lindley, 
has  already  commenced  his  labors  among  them."  In  the  Minutes  of  Gen. 
Syn.,  1842,  p.  132,  we  read:  "Rev.  D.  Lindsey,  of  South  Africa,  has  re- 
linquished his  missionary  relation  to  us,  having  become  a  settled  pastor 
and  being  fuly  suuported  by  the  people  among  whom  he  has  been  labor- 
ing. He  represents  the  field  for  missionary  efforts  in  his  neighborhood 
an  extensive  and  important,  and  very  promising,  and  earnestly  desires 
that  our  church  would  send  a  few  missionaries  thither.'" 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Linn,  John  Blair,  (s.  of  Wm.  Linn),  b.  in  Pa.,  1777;    C.C.  1795,  studied  with 
Romevn;    lie.    CI.    Albanv,    1798;    (Philadelphia    Presb.    1799-1804,   d.). 
S.T.D.  by  U.Pa.  1801. 
A    most    remarkable    man,    but    spending   all    his    active    ministry    in    the 
Presbyt.  Church,  an  extended  notice  can  not  be  given  here.     He  was  a  pro- 
lific  author.      See   "Blake's   Biog.   Diet."   750;     "Duyckinck's   Cyc."   i.   652; 
"Sprague's  Annals,"  vol.  iv. ;    Mem.  of   Dr.  J.  J.  Janeway;   "AlcClintock's 
Cyc";    "AUibone's  Diet,  of  Authors";    "C.  B.  Brown's  Sketch  of  his  Life," 
1805;    "Collegiate  Ch.  Year  Book,"  1888,  94. 

Linn,  Wm.,  b.  in  Pennsylvania,  Feb.  22,  1752;    C.N.J.  1772,  studied  theology 
under   Dr.   Robt.   Cooper,   1.   by   Donegal    (Carlisle)    Presb.,   Ap.,   1775; 
chaplain  in  Am.   Army,   1776;    (Big   Spring    (now   Newville).   Presbyt. 
Ch.  in  Pa.  1777-84,  prin.  of  Washington  Academy,  Somerset  Co.,  Md., 
1784-6,   Elizabethtown,   1786-7),   New  York,   1787-1805,  chaplahi  to  the 
House  of   Representatives  of   First   Congress,    1789,    (supplied   Albany, 
occasionallv,  1805-6).  d.  1808,  Jan.  8.     Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1787. 
Pres.  Q.C.'p.  t.  1791-4.     Regent  of  Universitv  of  State  of  N.Y.  1787- 
i8c8.     S.T.D.  by  C.C.   1789. 
His  eloquence  was  of  a  most  ardent  and  impassioned  kind.     In  his  rnis- 
sionary    and   charity   appeals    he   was    eminently    successful.      His    glowing 
imagination   conceived   his   object   vividly,   and   his   language,   of    which   he 
had  an  astonishing  command,  painted  it  to  the  minds  and  irnaginations  of 
his  audience  in  such  a  manner  that  he  often  produced  effects  similar  to  what 
are    said    to    have    taken    place    under    preaching    of    Massillon    and    Bour- 
daloue.      On    special   occasions    his    performances    were    masterpieces.      His 
eloquence  would  send  a  thrill  of  joy  or  a  shivering  of  horror  through  his 
audience,  at  times,  so  that  they  would   suddenly  start  up  and  look  around 
them.     In  his  "gleaming  sermon."  as  it  was  called,  in  behalf  of  the  parochial 
school  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  he  "extracted"  al)out  eleven  hundred  dol- 
lars.     This   at   the   opening   of    the    19th   century    was    wonderful.      Yet    it 
was  more  his  manner  than  what  he  said. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Publications:    See  Manual,  1902. 
Linton,  J.  C,  Wakonda  (Olive  Leaf),  S.D.,  1895-6. 
Lipes,  Henrv  H.,  Central  Bridge,  N.  Y.,  1895. 

Lippincott,  Benj.  C,  b.  at  Hoboken,  N.J.,  Nov.  22,  1824:  R.C.  47.  N.B.S. 
50,  1.  CI.  N.Y.;  Hurlev,  50-66.  also  S.S.  at  Marbletown,  51-66.  Clarks- 
town,  66-72,  Wallkill  Valley,  7^-77-  N.  and  S.  Hampton.  77-81,  Port 
Ewen,  81-98.     Died  1899.  Jan.  20. 


398  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1899,  565. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C."  1899, 

13- 

Little,    Elbridge    Gerry,    b.    Hampstead,    N.H.,    1817,    C.N.J.    45,    P.S.    48, 
ord.  CI.  Philadelphia ;    Manavunk,  Pa.,  48-50.     Died  Dec.  2g,  1869.     See 
P.S.  Gen.  Cat. 
Little,  Jas.  A.,  b.  1837,  N.Y.C.;    C.C.N.Y.  54,  U.S.  57;    Canastota,  1861-3. 

See  "U.S.  Gen.  Cat." 
Livingston,  Edward  P.,  R.C.  1852,  N.B.S.  55,  1.  CI.  Monmouth;  Griggstown, 
55-8,  Bushnell,  58-70,  S.S.  Pekin,  ist,  73-8,  pastor,  78-85,  d.  Sept.  8. 
A  sense  of  duty  compelled  him  to  go  West,  after  three  years  in  the  East. 
For  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  he  was  a  prominent  factor  in  the 
development  of  the  Western  field.  He  was  earnest,  loving,  laborious,  and 
self-sacrificing.  He  spent  several  months  in  1871  in  visiting  the  churches 
to  help  raise  the  Million  Dollar  Centennial  Fund. 

Livingston,  Gilbert  Robert,  b.  at   Stamford,   Ct.,   1786;    U.C.   1805,   studied 
under  Perkins,  of  Ct.,  and   Livingston,  lie.  by  North  Hartford  Assoc. 
1808;    then  studied  two  more  years  under  Dr.  J.  H.  Livingston;  joined 
CI.  N.Y.  May  29,  1810;    Coxsackie,  11-26,  Philadelphia,  26-34,  d.    D.D. 
by  Wms.  C.  1829. 
He  was  of  the  celebrated  family  of  Scotch  Livingstons,  of  which  Prof.  J. 
H.  Livingston  also  came.     His  field  at  Coxsackie  was  very  laborious  and 
extensive,  and  required  a  most  vigorous  constitution  to  bear  the  labor  inci- 
dent to  it.    But  his  labors  abounded.     He  enjoyed  while  there  three  revivals, 
the  last  especially  extensive,  bringing  three  hundred  and  seventy-three  into 
fellowship  with  the  church,*  ( 1821 ).     About  six  hundred  were  added  to  this 
church  under  his  ministry ;   in  Philadelphia,  about  three  hundred.     His  life 
was  strictly  devoted  to  the  glory  of  God.     He  pursued  this  object  with  dili- 
gence and  zeal,  and  it  was  manifest  that  his  heart  was  in  it,  so  that  he  pro- 
duced an  unusual   impression  on  the  public.     Yet   his  piety  was  never  ob- 
trusive, but  modest,  humble,  and  retiring. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:   A  ser.  in  "Greene  Co.  Preacher"  and  a  tract. 
Livingston,   Henry   Gilbert    (s.   of   G.   R.    Livingston),   b.   Feb.   3,    1821,   at 
Coxsackie ;    W.C.  40,  prin.   Clinton   Academy,   L.I.,   40-2,   U.S.   44,   lie. 
Presb.  L.L   (Carmel,  N.Y.,  Presb.  44-9)  ;    Philadelphia,  3d,  49-54,  prin. 
Raymond  Academy,  Carmel,  June,  1854-55,  Jan.  2/,  d. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:    "Christ's  Care  for  the  Young."     1852. 
Livingston,  John  H.,  b.  at  Poughkeepsie,  May  30,  1746;    Y.C.  1762,  Univer- 
sity of  Utrecht,  1769,  1.  CI.  Amsterdam,   1769;    New  York,   1770-1810; 
(during   Revolution,  at   Kingston,   1776,   Albany,   Nov.,    1776-9,   Living- 
ston Manor,  1779-81,  Poughkeepsie  and  Red  Hook,  1781-3)  ;    also  Prof. 
Theology,   1784-1810,   in  New  York  and  at  Flatbush;    Prof.   Theology 
and  Pres.  Queen's  Coll.  in  New  Brunswick,  1810-25,  d.  Jan.  20.    Elected 
a  trustee  of  Queen's  Coll.   1784;  again  1809.     S.T.D.  by  Univ.  Utrecht.. 
1769.     Appointed  Trustee  of  C.C.  by  N.Y.  Legislature,  1787. 
He  was  ambitious  to  enter  the  legal  profession,  and  pursued  the  study 
of  the  law  for  two  years,  but  his  health  failing,  he  relinquished  it.     This 
gave  him  opportunity  for  reflection,  and  he  was  brought  to  Christ.     After 
a  time  he  resolved  to  devote  himself  to  the  ministry,  and  he  chose  to  pre- 
pare for  the  Dutch  Church  in  preference  to  the  Presbyterian  or  Episcopal, 
chiefly   because   of   the   sad   dissensions   then    existing   among   the    Dutch, 
which  he   felt  it  his  duty  to  try  to  heal.     He  even   felt  in  his  heart  that 
Providence   would   make  him  the   instrument   to  accomplish   these   results. 
He  spent  the  winter  of   1765-6  in   New  York,  and  greatly  enjoyed  the 
society  of  Doniine  Laidlie.     He  sailed  May   12,  1766,  for  Holla.id,  to  pre- 
l^are  for  the  ministry.     He  was  the  last  of  the  American  youth  who  went 
to  Holland  for  this  purpose.     In  Holland  he  made  many  warm  friends,  and 
w2s  himself  greatly  respected.     While  there  he  was  called  to  become  the 


THE    MINISTRY  399 

second  English  preacher  in  the  Church  of  New  York.  He  now  presented 
himself  before  the  faculty  of  the  University  of  Utrecht  for  the  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity.  He  passed  through  the  severe  ordeal,  conducted  in 
the  Latin  language,  a.nd  subsequently  wrote  and  published  a  dissertation 
on  the  Sinaitic  Covenant  in  the  Latin  language,  and  defended  it. 

When  he  arrived  in  this  country  he  was  pre-eminently  the  peacemaker 
between  the  parties.  He  at  once  took  a  high  stand  as  a  minister,  and  was 
ho.'.ored  of  all.  He  had  few  superiors.  In  the  Revolution  he  was  a  warm 
patriot  praying  fervently  for  his  country's  cause.  Upon  his  return  to  the 
city,  after  the  triumph  of  freedom,  he  found  himself  the  only  pastor  of 
that  large  church  t)rganization.  Elected  also  at  the  same  time  as  Professor 
of  Theology,  he  had  more  than  double  duties  to  perform.  The  church  in 
which  he  officiated  generally  had  three  or  four  ministers  as  colleagues. 
For  three  years  he  remained  the  sole  pastor.  Yet  during  this  period  he 
received  more  than  four  hundred  on  profession  of  their  faith.  But  his 
extensive  labors  almost  broke  down  his  health.  In  1786  he  received  a 
colleague  in  Dr.  Linn,  and  three  years  later  another,  in  Rev.  G.  A.  Kuypers. 
He  spent  his  summers,  after  1786,  for  several  years  on  Long  Island, 
whither  his  students  followed  him,  returning  to  the  city  in  the  winter. 
He,  in  connection  with  Drs.  D.  Romeyn  and  Westerlo,  were  the  molding 
minds  of  the  denomination.  They  prepared  the  Constitution  from  the  ar- 
ticles of  Dort  and  the  articles  of  Union.  Dr.  Livingston  also  prepared  the 
first  hymn-book  for  the  churches.  In  1794  Synod  recommended  him  to  re- 
move his  Divinity  School  to  Flatbush,  on  account  of  too  high  board  for 
the  students  in  the  city.  This  he  did  in  1796.  but  it  lasted  for  only  one  year, 
when  the  Synod,  to  the  wounding  of  the  Doctor's  feelings,  ceased  all  efiforts 
in  behalf  of  the  Professorship.*  He  still,  however,  continued  to  teach. 
He  had  been  elected  by  the  Provisional  Synod  in  1784;  but  in  1804,  he  was 
elected  as  permanent  Professor,  by  the  General  Synod.  This  hastened  the 
development  of  the  Seminary.  In  1810,  ^ter  forty  years'  service  in  the 
ministry  and  twenty-six  in  the  Professorship,  (the  latter  without  compen- 
sation), he  broke  all  the  ties  he  had  formed  in  New  York  and  removed  to 
New  Brunswick,  because  the  Synod  requested  it,  to  open  his  seminary  in 
connection  with  Queen's  College,  the  Presidency  of  which  he  also  took. 
This  move  was  only  made  from  a  stern  sense  of  duty,  and  was,  as  he  himself 
declared,  almost  like  martyrdom.  Here  for  fifteen  years  he  continued  his 
labors.  Nearly  two  hundred  students  were  trained  under  his  instructions 
during  the  fifty-four  years  of  his  ministry.  He  was  making  sacrifices  all 
his  life  for  the  prosperity  of  the  Church.  He  lived  to  see  her  firmly  estab- 
lished and  her  Professorships  nearly  endowed.  Without  any  human  appoint- 
ment, he  was  the  acknowledged  and  cheerfully  accorded  Bishop  of  the 
denomination.  (See  Gunn's  "Life  of  Livingston.")  The  following  is  an 
original  characterization  : 

From  the  begirning  of  his  course  he  was  a  distinguished  man  and  an 
honor  to  the  denomination  to  which  he  more  particularly  belonged.  His 
I)resence  was  always  and  in  all  places  impressive,  commanding,  and  digni- 
T'ed,  and  his  dignity  had  nothing  affected  about  it.  It  was  not  anythirg 
extraneous,  but  an  essential  part  of  the  man.  of  his  mental  and  bodily 
structure.  He  must  have  been  dignified  as  a  child,  as  a  boy,  as  a  young 
man,  as  well  as  in  his  maturer  years.  He  was  tall  and  erect — erect  to  the 
last  day  of  his  life.  His  step  was  deliberate  yet  elastic.  He  wore  the 
antiquated  costume,  of  which  an  ample  wig,  of  almost  snowy  whiteness, 
was  a  very  conspicuous  part.  He  carried  a  staff,  but  it  did  not  seem  neces- 
sary to  his  sui)port,  for  his  step  was  firm,  steady,  but  was  carried  siinply 
because  such  an  appendage  was  suitable  and  becoming  to  one  of  his  years 
and  position.  His  expression  of  countenance  was  serene,  benevolent,  with 
a  slight  dash  of  the  aristocratic  about  it — a  dash  not  assumed,  but  natural 

♦The  cause  ol  this  is  not  apparent.  It  may  have  been  owing  to  the  French 
devolution  and  pecuniary  difficulties  therefrom  resulting. 


400  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

and  not  disagreeable,  for  every  one  that  knew  him  seemed  to  admit  that  he 
at  least  had  a  right  to  it.  As  a  preacher,  he  stood  very  high,  and  it  was 
regarded  as  a  great  privilege  to  have  an  opportunity  to  hear  him.  His 
preaching  was  in  every  respect  peculiar  to  himself,  and  such  as  became 
him  and  no  one  else.  He  loved  to  descant  on  a  very  comprehensive  pas- 
sage of  Scripture,  and  sometimes  an  unusually  extended  one.  He  dealt 
much,  in  exposition,  in  what  is  called  the  textuary  mode  of  handling  a 
Scripture  passage  and  subject.  But  the  abundance  of  material  did  not 
seem  at  all  to  embarrass  or  encumber  him.  He  had  great  skill  in  selecting 
what  was  best  suited  to  his  purpose,  and  then  in  arrangiig  it,  and  there 
was  a  surprising  unity  in  his  discourses,  however  many  parts  they  might 
embrace.  That  which  would  in  discourses  formed  by  some  men  be  a 
number  of  dissertations  but  slightly  connected,  was  by  him  so  skilfully 
managed  as  to  form  one  whole,  making  one  impression  on  the  mind — a 
distinct,  full,  and  ineffaceable  one.  His  style  was  a  model  of  clearnes.^, 
plainness,  liveliness,  directness.  He  practiced  the  colloquial — the  dignified 
colloquial,  not  the  affected  and  puerile — and  advised  his  students  to  culti- 
vate it.  His  manner  in  the  pulpit  was  his  own  especially.  He  had  great 
variety  in  posture,  tone,  expression  of  countenance,  and  gesture.  He 
seemed  to  loath  anything  like  monotony.  His  gesticulation  would  have 
been  deemed  extravagant  in  any  one  but  himself.  It  partook  very  much 
of  the  pantomimic;  but  no  one  objected  to  it  in  him,  because  in  him  it 
seemed  to  be  becoming.  In  the  professorial  chair  he  had  great  excellence. 
The  measure  of  theological  lore  which  he  secured  and  brought  away  from 
the  halls  of  old  Utrechfin  his  palmy  days  was  very  large.  His  excellence 
as  a  theological  teacher  did  not  lie  in  the  vigorous  treatment  which  he  gave 
to  a  few  prominent,  important,  favorite  topics  of  theology,  but  in  the  com- 
prehensive, clear,  systematic  view  he  gave  of  the  whole  and  of  every  part 
of  that  science.  The  whole  of  it  was  mapped  out  in  its  various  compart- 
ments, and  the  relation  of  ever^'  part  was  shown  to  every  other  part  dis- 
tinctly. Thus  every  part  threw  light  upon  every  other  part — a  light  which 
could  not  have  been  thrown  upon  any  part  if  viewed  and  treated  separately 
from  any  other.  And  if  to  this  you  add  that  a  full,  clear,  precise  defini- 
tion was  given  to  every  doctrine  and  fact  embraced  in  the  system,  and  that 
the  student  was  required  to  make  himself  at  home  upon  all  this,  any  think- 
ing, unprejudiced  man  can  appreciate  the  advantages  attending  such  a 
course  of  instruction  and  the  high  ability  of  the  man  that  carried  it  out  into 
effect.  The  pupils  of  Dr.  Livingston  were  not  required  merely  to  furnish 
their  memories  with  theological  truth,  but  to  exercise  their  judgments  and 
reasoning  power  upon  what  they  had  gathered  from  their  wise,  good  and 
faithful  instructor.  His  pupils,  when  they  issued  from  the  seminary,  were 
not  finished,  acute,  profound  theologians;  it  was  not  expected  by  their 
instructor  or  any  reasonable  man  that  they  should  be  such.  He,  however, 
laid  a  foundation  large  and  firm,  and  it  was  left  to  them  in  their  after  life 
to  build  upon  it  a  proportional  superstructure.  If  they  did  not,  it  was 
owing  to  their  indolence  and  negligence,  not  to  any  defects  in  their  pre- 
vious course  of  instruction.  All  honor  to  one  who  did  so  much  for  the 
Church  and  her  ministry.  Let  him  be  held  in  grateful,  affectiorate,  ever- 
lasting remembrance. — Rev.  Dr.  Gabriel  Ludlow.  Funeral  Sermons  by  Dr. 
John  De  Witt,  Dr.  Gunn,  Dr.  Marselus,  and  Dr.  C.  C.  Cuyler.  Memoir  by 
Dr.  Alex.  Gunn,  1830,  8vo,  pp.  540.  The  same  condensed  by  Dr.  Chambers, 
1856.  Sketches  in  "Sprague's  Annals"  by  Drs.  T.  De  Witt  and  James 
Romeyn  and  Bishop  Kip.  See  also  "McClintock's  Cyc."  For  a  sketch  of 
Robt.  Livingston,  original  proprietor  of  Livingston  Manor,  see  "Doc. 
Hist.,  iii.  434.  Also  "Mag.  R.D.C."  i.  100,  128,  157,  158,  223.  Hist,  of 
Livingston  Family,  "Mag.  R.D.C."  iii.  193,  225 — "Berg's  Evang.  Quarterly," 
ii.  III. — For  Life  of  Rev.  John  Livingston  of  Ancram,  Scotland,  see 
"Gunn's  Mem.,"  1830,  p.  17;  ed.  1856,  p.  351. — "Ch.  Int.,"  Feb.  9,  1872. — 
Sketch  of  Philip  Livingston,  "Col.  Hist.  N.Y."  vi.  60  note. — Also  "Smith's," 


THE    MINISTRY  4OI 

N.Y.,  91,  note. — Quoted  in  Centennial  of  X.B.  Seminary,  416.     "Collegiate 
Ch.  Year-Book,"  1887.  p.  83. 

Publications:  De  Foedere  Sinaitico,  Utrecht,  1770. — Plan  of  Union  be- 
tween Ccetus  and  Confercntie,  1771.  (This  was  largely  written  or  molded 
by  his  influence  while  in  Holland.) — An  Inaugural  Oration  in  Latin,  as 
Prof,  of  Theology  R.D.C.  1785.  (Oratio  Inauguralis  de  veritate  Religionis 
Christian.-e  quam,  coram  Veneranda  Ecclesiarium  Belgicarum  Synodo  Neo 
Eboraci  Convocata  publice  in  a^de  sacra  habuit  Johannes  H.  Livingston,  S. 
Theo.  Doctor,  atque  v.  d.  ibidem  Minister,  quum  Theologise  Professionem 
in  earundcm  pra?cipue  usum  auspicaretur  ad  diem  XIX.  Maji, 
MDCCLXXXV.  This  was  reprinted  in  Latin,  in  first  edition  of  "Centen- 
nial Discourses,  R.C.A.,"  1876,  pp.  553-601.) — Three  sermons  in  "Am. 
Preacher,"  two  on  Growth  in  Grace,  (vol.  i.),  one  on  Sanctuary  Blessings, 
(vol.  ii.),  1791. — A  Ser.  before  N.Y.  Miss.  Soc,  "The  Glory  of  the  Re- 
deemer," 1799. — A  Ser  before  N.Y.  Miss.  Soc.  "The  Triumph  of  the 
Gospel,"  1804.  (To  the  last  is  added  the  Annual  Report  of  the  Directors, 
and  other  papers  relating  to  Am.  Foreign  Missions. — See  Hist,  of  Mis- 
sions in  this  work. — An  Address  at  the  Commencement  of  Queen's  Col- 
lege, 1810. — Funeral  Service;  or.  Meditations  adapted  to  Fun.  Addresses, 
being  selections  from  Scripture,  1812. — A  Dissertation  on  the  Marriage  of 
a  Man  with  his  Sister-in-law.  1816. — An  Address  to  the  Ref.  Ger.  Churches 
in  the  U.S.,  1819. — A  System  of  Theology,  in  ]MS.  (This  large  bound  vol. 
of  MS.  is  in  Sage  Library).  An  abstract  of  this  was  published  by  one  of 
his  pupils,  Rev.  Ava  Neal,  1832,  and  passed  through  two  editions. — An 
elaborate  letter  to  the  (one)  Particular  Synod  of  the  R.D.C.  about  the 
condition  of  the  Professorship,  1796.  is  published  in  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn." 
i.  464. — Another  to  the  Gen.  Syn..  1812,  i.  415. — Letter  to  a  Young  Con- 
vert, "Mag.  R.D.C."  i.  157. — Essay  on  "Best  Plan  for  Aleliorating  the  Con- 
dition of  the  Jews,"  "Mag.  R.D.C."  i.  100,  128,  158.  223. — Letters,  a  few  in 
"Dr.  Janeway's  Life,"  136,^140,  187,  188;  a  number  in  "Gunn's  Memoir"  of 
him  to  his  colleagues  and  others.  His  own  story  of  his  personal  religious 
experience  is  also  quoted  in  his  Memoir.  In  1787  he  made  a  selection  of 
hymns  for  the  Church,  and  was  the  principal  author  of  the  Explanatory 
Articles  of  the  Constitution  of  the  Church,  1792. — A  sketch  of  Dr.  Living- 
ston, in  Dutch,  may  also  be  found  in  "De  Gereformeerde  Amerikaan."  by 
Rev.  H.  Beets.  Aug..  1900.  pp.  289-304. — His  letter  to  Rev.  Elias  Van  Bun- 
schoten,  which  secured  the  Bequest  for  helping  students. — in  "Centennial 
of  N.B.  Sem.,"  357. 

Lloyd.  Aaron,  b.  at  Walnut  Creek.  Erie  Co..  Pa..  July  27.   1817;    R.C.  42, 
N.B.S.  45.  1.  CI.  Bergen   ;  Gorham,  46-7.   (Phelps.  Presbyt..  48-50).  Liv- 
ingston Ch..  N.Y.C..  51-3.  Miss,  at  Hudson,  N.J..  53-5,  White  House, 
55-6.  Pekin,  57-60,  w.  c.     d.  Dec.   15.  1905.— Min.  Gen.  Syn..  1906.  601. 
Publications:    "Scripture  Office  of  the  Deacon,"  1850. — Ser.  before  City 
Miss.   Soc.    1853.     Contributions   to  the  press. 

Lloyd.  John   Elwy.   b.    St.   Asaph.   Wales.    1848;    C.N.J.   74.    P.S.   JT,  ord. 
Presbyt.   Boston;      (South   Ryegate.   Vt..   77-9.   Boonville,   N.Y..  79-81, 
Nj'ack,  N.Y..  81-8.  all  Presbyt),  Brooklj-n.  12th  st.,  88-190C.  w.  c.    Flat- 
bush,  L.I..  1906-16.     Retired  1916.     Ph.D..  D.D.,  Yale  Univ. 
PiBLicATiONS  :    Articles  for  the  press. 
Lloyd.  William,  candidate  in  transiin.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.."  1880.  518. 
Lloyd.   Will.    S.      S.S..    N.Y.C..    Madison   av..    1877-8.      (Cong.). 
Lochead.  Wm.,  b.  in  Glasgow.  Scotland,  Oct.  10,  1800;    studied  in  Glasgow; 
ord.    1830;    (Albany.   3d,    Presbyt.    1830-..);     Colioes   and   Waterford, 
38-40,    New    Rhinebeck    and    Cobleskill,   41-45.    went    to    Canada.    1845. 
Died  at  Elmwood.  Huntley.   Sept.  25.   1881.     See  Manual.   1902. 
Locke.  Richard  Earl.  b.  in  Indiana.  March.  1870.     DePauw  Univ.  1891.  Bos- 
ton  University.   U.T.S.   1895,   1.  by   Congregational   Council   of   Boston. 
(Pres..  Newark.  1896-8;    Germantown.  Ch.  of  Redeemer.  1900-03;  Buf- 
falo.   Calvary.    1903-09;     Rutherford.    N.J..    First.    1909-22).      Albany, 

N.Y..  Madison  Ave..  1922 .    D.D.  by  Lincoln  Memorial.  Tenn..  1919. 

Pres.  of  N.Y.  City  Club  of  U.T.S..   1916-17.     One  of  the  founders  of 


402  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Clergy  Club  of  N.Y.  City.     Chaplain  in  Army  during  World  War,  in 
Europe  six  months. 
Lockwood,  Henry,  b.  Albany,  N.Y.,  Jan.  4,  1869;    R.C.  91,  N.B.S.  94,  1.  CI. 
N.B. ;  Knox  and  Berne,  2d,   1894-1901,  East  Millstone,   1901 .    Per- 
manent Clerk   Gen.   Syn.,   1907-15.     Stated  Clerk  Gen.    Syn.,    1915 . 

D.D.  by  H.C.   1916.     Pres.  P.S.  N.B.,   1915.     Editor   Somerset  Church 
News,    1907-1917.     Asso.   Ed.    Manual,    1922.     Mem.    Bd.    D.M.,    1920. 
Ex.  Com.  Bd.  D.M.,  1921. 
Lockwood,  John  Hoyt,  b.  Troy,  N.Y.,  1848;    W.C.  68,  P.S.  71,  ord.  CI.  Ca- 
yuga;   Canastota,  71-3.     See  P.S.  "Gen.  Cat." 
Lockwood,   Louis  John,  b.   at   New  Windsor,   N.   Y.,   Dec.  6.    1850.     R.C. 
1875;    N.B.S.  78,  lie.  CI.  N.B.;   Hurley,  Jan.,  1879-80,  (Highlands,  N.Y., 
Presb.  80-6),  Fairfield,  N.J.,  86-1889,  w.  c.     d.   March  23,  1903.     Min. 
Gen.   Syn.,   1903,  521. 
Lockwood,   L.   R.,   Princetown,   1833-4. 

Lockwood,  Samuel,  b.  at  Mansfield,  Eng.,  Jan.  20,   1819;   c.  to  America  in 
childhood;  N.Y.U.  47,  N.B.S.  50,  1.  CI.  N.Y.;    Cortlandtown,  50-2,  Gil- 
boa,  52-4,  Keyport,  54-68.     Superintendent  of  public  instruction,   Mon- 
mouth Co.,   N.J.,  67-8,  w.  c.     Died  at   Freehold,  Jan.  9,    1894.     Ph.D. 
N.Y.  Univ.  1869. 
This  brother  had  a  passion   for   science.     From   1868   until   his  death  he 
devoted    himself    to    it.    and    became    widely    known    as   an    investigator    of 
nature,  which  was  to  him  the  veil  of  God.     For  many  years  he  was  president 
of  the  N.  J.  Microscopical   Society. — See  Manual,   1902. 

Publications:  "Consolation  on  the  Death  of  Infants,"  1851. — "Manly 
Old  Age" ;  on  death  of  De  Lafayette  Schenck,  1862. — "Temperance,  Forti- 
tude, Justice,"  1855. 

Lodewick,   Edward,   b.   in    Rensselaer   Co.,    N.Y.,    Feb.   25,    1846;     R.C.   69, 
N.B.S.  72.  1.  CI.  Rensselaer;    St.  Johnsville,  72-5,  Pascack,   1875-1903, 
d.  Sept.   14,   1909. 
He  was  a  man  who  finished  all  his  tasks  well.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.  1910,  828. 
Loeber,  Frederick,  b.  in  Germany,  N.B.S.   1857-8. 

Long,  Edward  Curtis,  b.  in  Kentucky,  1852;  Cumb.  Univ.  79,  Cumb.  Sem. 
81,  U.S.  82;  High  Bridge,  N.J.,  85-9.  See  "U.S.  Cat."  for  other  details. 
Lonsdale,  J.  T.  S.S.  Bethany  Memorial,  N.Y.C.  1900-1905,  Presbyterian 
1905-09,  Plainfield,  N.J.,  Trinity  1909-12,  Marconnier,  Oak  Tree,  N.J., 
1912-21,  P.E.  1921. 
Lonsdale,  Wm.  J.,  b.  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  Ham.  Coll.  1901,  Aub.  S.  and  U.S. 
1904,  1.  by  Syracuse  Pres.    Fonda,  N.Y.,  1904-10,  Lebanon,  N.J.,  1910-15, 

Paterson,  2d,  N.J.,  1915-20,  Glen  Rock,  N.J.,  1920 ■ 

Publications:    Many  articles   in  the  press. 
Loppius  (Lupp)  Canajahorie  (Sand  Hill)   1760-5,  d. 

Lord,  Daniel,  b.  N.Y.C.  Ap.  i.  1822;  U.  Pa.,  44.  N.B.S.  47,  1.  CI.  Passaic; 
Piermont,  47-50,  Jersey  City,  ist,  50-51,  Henderson,  51-56,  Nyack,  56-60, 
Henderson,  60-64,  ( South  Cong  Bridgeport,  Ct.,  65-69,  Chicago,  Cal- 
vary Presb..  69-73;  Physician-in-chief  of  South  Side  Dispensary,  Chi- 
cago, 73-78;)  Henderson  and  Jordanville,  1878-99,  d.  Sept.  10,  M.D. 
(Chicago  Med.  Coll.  1873).  See  Manual,  1902. 
Lord,  Edward,  b.  at  Danby,  Tompkins  Co.,  N.Y.,  Alar.  20,  1821  ;  W.C.  43, 
Aub.  Sem.  46;  lie.  by  Presb.  Ithaca,  45;  (Romulus,  N.Y.,  (S.S.)  46-7, 
pastor,  47-51,  Fulton,  N.Y..  52-65;  also  Chaplain,  iioth  N.Y.  Regiment, 
one  year  of  this  period,  being  present  at  the  capture  of  Port  Hudson, 
La.;  Adams,  N.  Y.,  65-70)  ;  Metuchen,  70-81,  w.  c.  Engaged  partly  in 
journalism,  d.  March  27.  1921. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1921,  637. 

Publications:  Ch.  Manual,  Romulus,  N.  Y.,  1851. — Address  on  Horti- 
culture, 1854. — "Blessedness  of  the  Pious  Dead";  at  Fun.  of  Deacon  Sam- 
uel Bond,  1870. 

Lord,  Jer.  Skidmore,  b.  at  Jamaica,  N.Y.,  May  10,  1812;    N.Y.U.  36,  U.S. 
39,  lie.    1st   Pres.   N.Y.,    1839;    Resident   Lie.   39-40 ;     Montville,   40-3, 


THE    MINISTRY  4O3 

Griggslown,  43-7,  N.V.C.,  Harlem,  48-69,  d.  Ap.  2.     D.D.  by  U.N.Y., 
1859.     See  Manual  of    1879. 
Commemorative  Ser.  by  Rev.  Dr.  E.   H.  Gillett. 
PiBLii  ATioNS  :  "The  Voice  of  God  in  Calamity."  "Pulpit  Repository,"  1850. 

Losch,  H.,  Hackensack,   (Ger. ),   1870-2. 

Lott,  Henry  Ray.  N.B.S.  1859,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  never  ordained.  Died  Nov.  12, 
1878.     M.D. 

Lott,  Isaac  W.,  b.  Flatlands,  L.  I.,  Nov.  21,  1868.  R.C.  1892.  N.B.S. 
1892-4.     Teacher. 

Lott,  John  S.,  b.  at  Flatbush.  L.L,  1833;  R.C.  55,  N.B.S.  58,  1.  CI.  N.B.; 
Franklin,  N.J.,  59-65,  Middleburgh,  65-70,  served  as  the  Secretary  of 
the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Brooklyn  Association  for  Improving 
the  Condition  of  the  Poor,  for  many  years,  d.  July  11,  1906.  Min.  Gen. 
Syn.,  1907,  915. 
Publications:    Many  articles  in  the  religious  and  daily  press. 

Lott,  Leonard  Walter,  b.  Rahway,  N.J.;  Aug.  12,  1853;  C.N.J.  76;  U.T.S. 
79;  ord.  CI.  Poughkeepsie,  Oct.  7,  79;  Rhinebeck,  1879-84,  ord.  Epis- 
copal deacon,  Dec.  20,   1885;    priest,  Feb.   14,   1886;    rector,   Lonsdale, 

R.  I.,  1885-92;    St.  Peters,  Jamaica  Plain,  Boston,  Mass.,  1892 

Publication:    In   Memoriam  ;    Jas.  A.  Garfield,   1881. 

Loucks,  Joel.  b.  Palatine  Bridge,  N.Y.,  Jan.  7.  1853;  R.C.  81,  N.B.S.  84, 
1.  CI.  Montgomery  ;    South   Branch,  N.J..  84-92,  w.  c. 

Lowden,  J.  W.,  Presbyterian,  Reformed,  1906-07;    Presbyterian. 

Lowe,  John  C,  b.  about  1830,  near  Somerville,  N.J. ;    R.C.  55,  N.B.S.  58,  1. 
CI.  N.B. ;  Oyster  Bay,  59-63,  Rotterdam,  ist,  63-1890,  St.  Thomas,  W.I., 
June   i6-July  29,   1890,  died. 
A  man  of  gentle  manners  and  genial  conversation.    He  did  faithful  work 

at  Rotterdam  for  27  years.     He  was  warmly  received  at  St.  Thomas,  and 

high  hopes  were  anticipated  of  his  usefulness,  but  in  a  few  weeks  he  died. — 

"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1891,  414. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads,  R.C,"  1891,  28. 

Lowe.   Peter,   b.   at   Kingston,    1764;     studied   under   Livingston,   1.   by   the 

Christian    Synod   of    R.D.    Chs.    1787,    Brooklyn,    Flatlands,    Flatbush, 

Bushwick,  and  New  Utrecht,  1787-1808,  Flatbush  and  Flatlands,  1808- 

18,  d.  June  10.    A.M.  by  Q.C.  1810.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Van   Pelt's   Sermon.     "Ch.   Int.,"  vol.  ii.   125.     Rev.   Dr.  Jas.   Brownlee's 

Discourses  at  Port  Richmond,   1865  and   1875. 
Publication:    A  sermon  at  organization  of  CI.  L.L,  1813. 

Lowe.  Thomas  Owen,  b.  Clermont  Co.,  Ohio,  Feb.  11,  1838;  at  Farmers 
College,  College  Hill,  Cincinnati,  O. ;  Lawyer  and  Judge ;  lie.  by  Day- 
ton, O.,  Presbyt.  84;  ord.  by  Zanesville  Presbyt.  O.,  84;  (Mt.  Vernon, 
O..  84-7,  Avondale,  Ch.,  Cincinnati,  O.,  87-93,  both  Presbyt.)  Brighton 
Heights.  S.I.,  93-98,  w.  c.  Presbyterian,  1916. 
Publications:  Volume  of  decisions  as  Judge  of  Supreme  Court,  Day- 
ton, O.— Sundry  Small  Tracts  and   Booklets. 

Luback,  Wietse,  b.  Leewarden,  Neth.,  May  4,  1825,  from  Ch.  Refd.  Ch.  of 
the  Netherlands.  Reed,  into  CI.  of  Holland.  Mich.,  1882;  a  domestic 
missionary,  supported  by  the  Ch.  of  Saugatuck.  Lansing,  111.,  1883-92, 
Palmyra,  N.Y.,  92-98,  Wortendyke.  N.J.,  1898-1900,  d.  Aug.  31,  1903. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.  1904,  839. 

Lubbers,  Fred.,  b.  Zeeland.  Slich.,  March  22.  1872;  H.C.  96,  W.S.  99,  1. 
CI.  Iowa;  Lafayette,  Ind..  1899-1902,  Fifth  (Hoi.)  Albany,  N.Y.,  1903- 
06.  Grand  Rai^ids.  Mich..  7th.  1906-10,  Sioux  Centre,  la.,  1910 — ,  Pres. 
P.S.C,  191 7,  Member  Bd.  Supt.  W.T.S.,  1912 — .  Member  Council  Cen- 
t'-al  Coll.,  1917,  Member  Bd.  D.M.,  1914,  Member  Bd.  Trustees, 
N.W.A.,  191 1 

Lubbers,  Raymond  J.,  b.  Jan.  8.  1892.  H.C.  1914.  W.T.S.  1919.  1.  by 
CI.    Wis.      Sheboygan    Falls,   Wis.,    1920 

Luckenbill,  George  Albert,  b.  in  Pa.,  July  14.  1862;  L-rsinus  Coll.,  Pa.; 
N.B.S.  92;  1.  by  CI.  New  Brunswick;  Montville,  N.J.,  92-4,  supplied 
churches,  94-1900;    died  Oct.,  1900. 


404  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

A  call  to  him,  as  their  first  pastor,  had  just  been  made  out' for  him  by 
the  church  of  Glen  Rock,  Bergen  Co.,  N.  J.  In  a  few  moments  after  leav- 
ing the  church  he  was  struck  by  a  train  on  the  Erie  R.  R.  and  killed. — See 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,  19CI,  1239. 

Ludlow,   Gabriel,   b.   at   Aquackanonck,    N.J.,   April   23,    1797;     U.C.    1817, 
N.B.S.  1820,  1.  CI.  N.B.;    S.S.  Albany,  six  months,   1820-1,  Ne-Shanic, 
1821-78,  d.  Feb.  19.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1850. 
He  was  a  man  of  ability  who  bore  fruit  to  old  age  in  one  parish. 
See  Manual,   1902. 

PuBLiCATioxs :  Ser.  at  Fun.  of  Rev.  Dr.  Peter  Labagh.  In  "Todd's 
Memoir"  of  Labagh. — "Fifty  Years  of  Bible  Work."  A  disc,  at  semi-cen- 
tenary of  Bible  Soc,  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,  1867. — "Fifty  Years  of  Pastoral 
Work."  A  ser.  at  50th  anniv.  of  his  ordination,  1871. — Prayer  at  dedication 
Ref.  Ch.,  Readington,  1865. 

Ludlow,  Jas.  Meeker,  b.  Elizabeth,  N.J.,  Mar.  15,  1841 ;  C.N.J.  61,  P.S.  64, 
1.  Presbyt.  Elizabeth;  (Albany,  ist,  Presbyt.  65-9),  New  York,  Col- 
legiate, 48th   St.,   69-77,    (Brooklyn,   Westminster,   77-85.   East   Orange, 

N.J.,  ist,  1886 .     D.D.  by  Wms.  Coll.  1872;    by  Bucknell  Univ.,  Pa.. 

1887. 
Publications:  Address  at  Centen.  Anniv.  North  D.  Ch.  1869. — Address 
at  Laying  of  Corner-stone  of  48th  St.  Ch.,  1869 — "Our  Creeds,"  a  Sermon. 
1869. — Address  before  15th  Convention  S.S.  Teachers.  1870. — Sermon  in 
Commemoration  of  Dr.  Thos.  De  Witt.  1874. — "My  Saint  John." — Concen- 
tric chart  of  History.  i?85. — "Captain  of  the  Janizaries."  1886. — ^"A  King 
of  Tyre."  "History  of  the  Crusades." — "That  Angelic  Woman. — Deborah." 
— Contributor  to  periodicals,   Secular  and  Religious. 

Ludlow,   John,    (brother   of    Gabriel    Ludlow),   b.   at   Aquackanonck,    1793; 

U.C.   1 8 14,   tutor   in   U.C.   181 5-6,   studied  theology  with   Rev.   Andrew 

Yates  and  at  N.B.S.  1817,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1817;    New  Brunswick,  1817-19, 

Prof,  of  Bib.  Lit.  in  N.B.S.,  1817-23,  Albany,  ist,  1823-34,  Provost  of 

the  University  of   Pa.,   1834-52,   Prof,  of   Ecc.   Hist,  and  Ch.   Gov.   in 

N.B.S.  1852-7,  also  Prof,  of  Metaphysics  and  Philos.  of  Human  Mind 

in   Rutgers   Col.,    1852-7,   d.     Elected  a   trustee  of   Queen's   Coll.    1819. 

D.D.  by  U.C;    LL.D.  by  R.C.  1851. 

His  most  striking  characteristic  was  "strength."     His  person  was  strong. 

His    frame,   large,    firmly   knit,   and   commanding,    rose   before   you   like   a 

column  on  which  no  ordinary  weight  of  public  burden  might  be  safely  laid. 

See  commemorative  sermons  by  Drs.  W.  J.  R.  Taylor,  I.  N.  Wyckofif,  and 

Bethune.     "Evan.  Quarterly,"  ii.  117.     Also  ser.  at  his  install.,  1823,  by  Dr. 

A.  Yates.     Copied  in  "Centennial  of   N.B.   Sem.,"  447.     Manual,   1902. 

Publications:    Address   at  his   Inauguration  as   Provost  of   University 
Pa.     1834. — Address  before  the  Albany  Female  Academy.     1834. 
Ludlow,   Richard  C.     R.C.    1828.     N.B.S.    1831.     d.    1831. 
Luidens,  Anthony,  b.  New  Holland,  Mich.,  H.C.  1912.     N.B.S.   1915.    1.  by 
CI.  Holland.     West  Hoboken,  Hope,   1915-19;    New  Brunswick,  High- 
land Park,   1919 .     Member  of   Four  Minute  Men,  Hudson  Co.,  of 

U.S.A. 
Lumkes,  John  M.,  b.  Kielwindeweer,  Netherlands,  Dec.   i,   1862;    Kampen, 
Netherlands,  84.  W.S.  90,  1.  CI.  Holland,  Grand  Rapids;  Oakdale  Park, 
90-3,   Newkirk,  93-1900,  Alto,   1900-1908,   Holland,   Mich.,  4th,   1908-11, 
Paterson,    N.    J.,    People's    Park,    1911-16,    Chicago,    Englewood,    ist, 

1916-22,  Boyden,  la.,  1922 

Publications  :    Articles  for  the  Dutch  press. 

Lumley,  James  A.,  from  Congregational  Church,  Raritan.  N.J.,  3d,  191 5 

Lunn,  George  R.,  Presbyterian,  Schenectady,  N.Y.,  ist,   1904-9.  Congrega- 
tional, 191 1,  engaged'  in  political  activity,  D.D.,  Union  College. 
Lupardus,   Wilhelmus,   Flatbush,   New   Utrecht,   Brooklyn,   Fkatlands,    (oc- 
casionally  supplying   Bushwick   and   Gravesend,)    1695-1702,   d. — "Doc. 
Hist."  iii.  89,  94.     Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y. 


THE    MINISTRY  4O5 

Lupton,  Brandt  Schuyler.     C.C.  1788,  studied  theol.  under  Livingston,  lie. 
bv    Svnod    of    R.D.    Churches,    1788;     Lansingburgh    and    Waterford, 
1788-9,  d. 
Lusk,  Matthias,  b.  Sept.  9,  1807;    R.C.  30,  X.B.S.  ^i'    Jersey  City,  33-48, 

w.  c. Died  Ap.  13,  1883. 

Lusty,  George.  Livingston,  X.Y.,  1910-15,  (Congregational,  1915 .) 

Luther,    Martin    F.,    Woodstock   and   West    Hurley,    N.Y.,    1904-06,    Stuy- 
vesant,    N.Y.,    1909-12,    Stuyvesant    Falls,    N.Y.,    1913-16,    Jersey    City, 
West  Side,  1917-18,  Annandale,  N.J.,  1918-21. 
Luxen,  John,  b.  Bedum,   Groningen,   Netherlands,   Dec.  23,   1862;    H.C.  92, 
W.S.  95,  1.  CI.  Holland  ;    Lansing,   111.,  95-6,  Kalamazoo,  4th,  96-1900, 
Muskegon,    1900- 1919,   Paterson,   Union   Ref.,   1919 — ,   Member   Council 
H.C,   six   years. 
Publications  :    Articles   in    Int.  DeHope,   etc. 
Luyck,  Aegidius,  teacher  of  Grammar  Sch.,  Xew  Amsterdam,  1662-72.    Sup- 
plied church  X.Y.C.  1671. 
Afterward   became   a  burgomaster.     His   classical    school   obtained    such 
reputation,  that  pupils  came   from   Albany,   Delaware,  and   Virginia. — See 
■'Paulding's  X'ew  Amst.,"  "Brodhead's,  X'^.Y.,"  "Dunshee's  Hist,  of  School 
R.D.C.,"  53.     There  are  many  allusions  to  him  in  the  Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y.     One 
of  the  same  name  was  licensed  by  CI.  Amst.,  April  7,   1727. 
Lyall,  John   Edward,    (son  of   Wm.   Lvall),  b.  West   Copake,   N.Y.,   Dec. 
21.   1852;    R.C.  76,  X.B.S.    1879,  1.   CI.   Hudson;     Bound   Brook,  80-1, 
[Nlillbrook.    1881— .    Pres.   P.S.   N.Y.    1902,   Member   Ex.   Com.   N.Y. 
S.S.S.  Ass.,  Delegate  Edinburgh,  Missionary  Conference,   1910. 
Publications:     "The    Value    of    Prayer." — "Seeking    and    Finding    the 
Lord."     History  of   Town  of  Washington,   X.Y.,    for   Hudson-Fulton 
Celebration,  1909.     Articles   for  the  press. 
Lyall,  Wm.,  b.  in  Scotland,  1798;    c.  America  about  1835;    (Miss,  in  Can- 
ada,   1835-.. .   in    Newark,    in    Riverhead.    18 — 43,)    Kiskatom, 

1843-7,   (Presbvt.  1847-51),  Taghkanic.  1851-65,  Miss,  to  the  freedmen 
in  Charleston.  S.C,   1865-6,  d.   1868. 
He   had   been   an    attendant   on   the    lectures   of    Dr.    Chalmers,    while   in 
his  native  land,  of  whom  he  was  an  enthusiastic  admirer.     He  was  learned 
m    theology,    critical    as    a     Biblical    expositor,     familiar    with    the    orig- 
inal languages,  conversant  with   books,  and  possessed   of  a   retentive  and 
ready  memory.     His  Christian  exnerience  was  deep,  rich  and  joyous. 
Lydecker.  Geo.   Dc  Witt,  b.  at  Clarkstown,  X.Y.,  Oct.  26,   1850":    R.C.  74, 
X.B.S.    77,    lie.    CI.    Paramus ;    Bloomingburgh,    1877-82,    Wawarsing, 
82-6,  Upper  Red  Hook.  86-98.  Xassau,  98-1902,  Princetown,  N.Y.,  1902- 
07,  Bloomingburg,   X.Y..   1907-09. 
Lydckker,  Garret,  b.  in  America,  1729;    C.X.J.  1755.  studied  under  Ritzema, 
Kails,  and  Goetschius,  lie.  by  Conferentie,  1765;    supplied  Xorth  Branch 
occasionally.  1767,  English  Xeighborhood,  1770-6;    a  Tory;  fled  to  Xew 
York,  and  officiated  in  the  city,   for  the  Dutch,  during  the  Revolution. 
Trinity   Church,   remembering   the   courtesy   of   the   Dutch   in   allowing 
them  the  use  of  their  churches  in  former  times,  now  granted  the  Dutch 
the   use   of    St.    George's    Chapel.      See    Correspondence    in    "Berrian's 
Hist.   Trinity   Church,"   171-2,   Brodhead,   i.    119,  etc.     At  the  close  of 
the  war,   Lydckker  went  to  England.     Died   1794. 
Although  the   Conferentie  denounced  the  ordinations  of   the   Ccetus,  they 
at  last  sought  permission  to  do  the  same  thing.     They  call  Lydckker  a  well- 
educated  young  gentleman,  iiut  not  of  rugged  health.     The  Classis  at  Am- 
sterdam permitted  this  ordination  as  a   special   "example  of  their  generos- 
ity."     The    "Gentleman's    Magazine"    for    May,    1794.    thus    mentions    his 
death  :    "Died  at  his  son's  house  at  Pentonville,  the  Rev.  Gerhardus  Lydck- 
ker, B.A.,  aged  65  years,  late  pastor  of  the  Dutch  Church  in  Xew  York. 
He  was'  a  native  of  America,  but  from  his  loyalty  was  obliged  to  leave 
a  state  of  affluence  and  take  refuge  in  Britain." — See  Ecc.  Rec.  X.  Y.,  Feb. 


406  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IX    AMERICA 

4,  1765.     "Doc.  Hist.."  N.Y.,  iii.     (4to)   309,  312.     "Collegiate  Church  Year- 
Book,"  1881,  74. 

Publications  :    A  Discourse,   in  connection  with  a   Theological   Thesis, 
containing  the  Heads  of  Christian  Doctrine.     Published  by  Samuel  Brown, 
1767. 
Lydius,  Johannes,  (son  of  Rev.  Henricus  Lydius,  of  Maesdam,  S.  Holland). 

There  was  a  Henricus  Lydius  who  matriculated  at  Leyden,  on  Jan.  12, 
1651,  with  no  particulars  given,  except  "Coll.  al.,"  which  probably  means  a 
"College  Alumnus."  Johannes  had  also  a  brother,  Rev.  Nicholas  Lydius. 
There  was  one  of  this  name  who  matriculated  at  Leyden,  Oct.  i,  1686,  aged 
20,  for  the  study  of  theology.  The  dates  would  be  entirely  suitable,  if  these 
are  the  father  and  brother  of  Johannes,  above  mentioned ;  but  the  name 
Johannes  does  not  occur  in  the  catalogues  of  Leyden.  Utrecht,  or  Gronin- 
gen.  Antwerpen.  (under  the  Cross),  in  Belgium,  1692-1700;  c.  to  Amer- 
ica; Albany  alone.  1700-9.  also  Schenectady,  1705-9,  Miss,  to  the  Mohawks, 
1702-9.  d.  Mar.  i,  1709. 

He  and  Dellius  exchanged  places,  the  latter  going  to  Antwerp,  and  Ly- 
dius to  Albany.  (For  the  sinister  attempt  to  anticipate  his  pastorate  at 
Albany  by  another,  see  Freeman  and  Nucella).  Robt.  Livingston,  the 
Indian  Agent,  promised  the  Mohawks,  in  1700,  that  he  would  engage  Lydius 
to  learn  their  language,  and  preach  the  gospel  to  them.  He  hoped  soon  to 
have  the  Bible  translated  into  their  language,  and  then  some  of  their  chil- 
dren should  learn  to  read  it,  and  it  would  be  mightily  interesting  and  con- 
solatory to  them.  In  1702  the  praying  Indians  represented  to  the  agent 
that  Lydius  had  exhorted  them  to  live  as  Christians,  not  in  envy  and 
malice,  which  are  the  works  of  Satan,  but  in  concord  and  peace;  that  then 
God  would  bless  them.  These  teachings,  they  say,  had  so  wrought  on  their 
spirits,  that  they  were  now  all  united  and  friends.  They  returned  hearty 
thanks  for  the  pains  taken  with  them,  which  they  acknowledge  with  a  belt 
of  wampum.  When  Lydius  died  the  Indians  presented  four  beaverskins 
to  the  agent  as  an  expression  of  condolence  at  his  death. — See  "Doc. 
Hist."  iii.  -77,  538-541.  893,  897;  iv.  734.  "Col.  Hist."  iv.  734,  988;  v.  225. 
Ecc.  Rec.  N.  Y.,  many  letters.  "Munsel's  Annals  of  Albany,"  i.  113;  "Dr. 
Rogers'  Hist.  Disc,"  1857.     Manual,  1902. 

The  will  of  Lydius,  vol.  xiii,  p.  401.  Surrogate's  Office,  N.Y.C.  Ab- 
stract of  his  will  in  "Biog.  and  Gen    Record,"  about  1870-5. 

Publications:  "Christelijcke  Religie  voorgestelt  by  forme  van  vragen 
en  antwoorden  ten  gebruyckc  van  sulke  die  sich  bereyden  om  tot  de  ge- 
meenschap  van  de  Gereformeerde  kerke  en  't  gebriuk  van  's  Heeren  Heilig 
Avondmaal  toegelaten  te  worden."  Or  the  Christian  Religion  presented  in 
the  form  of  question  and  answer,  for  the  use  of  such  who  wish  to  make 
themselves  ready  for  the  fellowship  of  the  Reformed  Church,  and  for 
admission  to  the  Lord's  Holy  Supper.  Dated  Albany,  28  Oct.,  1700.  Pub- 
lished by  Bradford,  N.  Y. 
Lyell.    see    Lyall. 

(Lyle,  J.  N.    S.S.  Ch.  of  Comforter,  N.Y.C,  1904). 

Lyman-Wheaton.  Henry  Philip,  b.  Bedford,  England,  1862;  studied  in 
England  and  on  the  Continent;  (Assist.  Sec.  of  London  City  Mission, 
85-6,  Chatham,  Eng. ;  Presbyt.,  86-8,  also  Principal  of  Oxford  Acad- 
emy, 86-8),  Ulster  Park,  (Esopus),  N.Y.,'  92-5,  Whitehouse,  N.J.,  9^- 
1900.     M.D.     Ph.D. 

Publications  :  "Life  and  Times  of  the  Prophet  Daniel." — "Short  Ser- 
mons for  Busy  Men." — "Sunday  Afternoons." — "Sunday  Afternoons  With 
the  Children." — "The  Resurrection  Body  of  the  Saints" ;  and  other  ser- 
mons.— Articles  and  Poems  in  papers  and  magazines. 
Lyon,  A.  P.  S.S.  Long  Island  City,  2d,  Sunnyside,  1907-08. 
Lyon,  D.  Everett.  Served  in  M.E.  Ch.  about  1891-1911.  Served  in  Presby- 
terian Church  about  1911-18.  Queens,  Borough  of  Brooklvn,  N.Y.C, 
1918- .     Ph.D. 


THE   MINISTRY  4°? 

Maar,  Charles,  b.  Poughkeepsie,  N.Y.,  Sept.  6,  1864;  R.C.  89  N.B.S. 
and  Aud.  Sem.  92,  lie.  by  CI.  Poughkeepsie;  Owasco  Outlet  q2-^ 
Cobleskill  and  Lawversville.  94-5.  Syracuse.  2d,  95-9.  Upper  Red  Hook. 
1900-1903.  WallkiU.  N.  Y..   1903-07-     Clerk  of   N.  Y.   State  Insurance 

Dept.    1907 — T-.     Supplying   Churches    1907 -•         ^     ,   „      .,      ^ 

Publications:    Biography  of   Simeon   DeW  itt.   Elmendorf   Family   Rec- 
ords.    Articles   on   Insurance   and   Biography   in    Encyclopedia   Americana. 

Articles  in  press.  _        .      „-.        t      x-  r.  c-  1 

Maass  Herbert  W.,  b.  Hoboken.  N.  J..  Dec.  6,  1881.  In  N.B.S.  1913-  j- 
by  CI.  S.B.  North  Paterson.  N.  J..  1913-14;  Schodack  Landing.  N. 
Y.,  1914-16.     Presbvterian.  ^i- t  c 

Maassen.  Herman,  b.  Utrecht.  Neth..  Nov.  4.  1887.  H.C.  1916.  W.l.S. 
1919      1    bv   CI.   West    Sioux.      Beaverdam.    Mich.,    1919 

Maatman,  Arthur,  b.  Overisel,  Mich..  Feb.  3.  1885.  Western  State  Nor- 
mal 1915.  W.T.S.  1919-  1-  by  CI.  G.R.  1919-  New  Era,  Mich., 
1919 .     High  School  Teacher. 

Mabon,  Arthur  Frederick,  (son  of  W^m.  A.  V.  V.  Mabon),  b.  at  New 
Durham,  N.J..  June  3.  1869:  R.C.  1890,  N.B.S.  94.  He  CI.  N.B  ;  Tarry- 
town,  2d,  1895-1910;  Ass.  St.  Nicholas  Col.,  N.Y.C.,  1910-18;  Over- 
seas Service.  Y.M.C.A.,  1918-19.    Hamilton  Grange.  N.Y.C.,  19^0 

Publications:    Address  at  Bicentennial  of  the  Old  Dutch  Ch.  of  Sleepy 

Hollow,   1897.     On  joint  committee  for  publication  of  the  Hymnal  of  the 

Reformed  Church.  ^      .      ,      tt  r-      o  ^  l.   ■ 

Mabon,  John  S.,  b.  Jan.  20,  1780,  Bowden,  Scotland :    U.C.  1806,  taught  in 

Erasmus  Hall,   1806-7.  in  Brooklyn.   1810-11,   N.B.S.   1812,  1.  CI.  N.B. 

1812;     tutor   in    Union    Col.    1814-15.    Rector   of    Grammar   School,    in 

New'  Brunswick.    1817-25,  teacher   in   Morristown,    1826-8,  of  a  select 

school,  in  Brooklvn,  1828-30,  ord.  by  CI.  N.B.  Nov.,  1828;    temporary 

Prof,  of  Hebrew.  1818-19.  d.  1849.  April  27.  ,      r-        1      d 

He  was  a  man  of  pietv  who  earnestly  desired  to  preach  the  Gospel.     But 

feeble  health  compelled  him  to  devote  a  large  part  of  his  life  to  teaching. 

See  Manual.  1902.  ■    ^    c^     ^,  ,       x     .       .   x- 

Mabon.  Wm.  Augustus  Van  Vranken.    (son  ot   J.   S.  Mabon).  b.  at  New 
Brunswick.  N.J..  Jan.  24.  1822;    U.C.  40.  N.B.S.  44,  1-  and  ord.  CI    Ber- 
gen-   Miss,  to  Buffalo.  44-46.  New  Durham.  46-81.  Prof,  of  Did-  and 
Polemic  Theology,  New  Brunswick,  81-1892,  d.  Nov.  3.     D.D.  by  R.C. 
1 861       Editor    of    "The    Sower,"    1878-9.      Superintendent    of    Public 
Schools,  Hudson  Co.,  N.J.,   1848-55.  Examiner  of  all   the  teachers  ot 
Public   schools.    1848-65. 
Dr    Mabon  was  a  genial  man,  a  lover  of  nature,  a  lover  of  humanity, 
a  lover  of  God.     In  the  35  year  pastorate  at  New   Durham  he  was  emi- 
nently sucessful  in  developing  his  own  church,  while  he  continually  watched 
for  opportunities  to  establish  new  missions.     Hence  his  church  became  the 
mother  of  manv  churches.  ,    ,  ,       , 

His  service  in  the  Seminarv  was  of  a  unique  and  remarkable  character". 
His  students  felt  the  power  of  his  intellect  and  spirit  and  through  them  his 
influence  has  extended  to  the  ends  of  the  earth.     See  Manual    1902.^  ^ 

PuBiic\Ti()Ns:  "Our  Duties  to  the  Young  in  the  Home  and  the  v^hurch. 
1870— Thanksgiving  Sermon  on  the  "Bible  in  the  Common  Schools."— 
A  Sermon  before  the  Partic.  Syn.  of  New  Brunswick.  1870.— A  bermon 
at  New  Durham.  1875-— "Resemblance  of  Ecc.  Polity  of  Ret.  Ch  to  that 
of  Our  Countrv."  In  "Centennial  Dis.,"  1876.— Memorial  of  Mr.  Jas. 
Brown —"Obstacles  to  Union  and  Methods  of  Overcoming  Them  ;  at 
Conf  between  Dutch  and  German  Chs.,  Philadelphia.  ib8b.— Inaugural 
Address  as  Prof.  Theologv.  1881.— "Recollections  of  Dr.  W  .  H.  Campbelh 
in  menforial.  75.— Sketches  of  Dr.  S.  A.  Van  Vranken  and  Rev.  J.  b. 
Mabon;    in  "Centen.  N.B.S.,"  444.  459-  ^^  ,,.  ,     ^^     ^,  .         „     „ 

McAdam.    H.    P.      Lodi,   N.   Y.,    1871-84.      (Pres.    W  olcott.    Utica,    N.    \. 
Worthington.  O..   1905)- 


408  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IX    AMERICA 

Publications  :  Historical  Sketch  Ch.  of  Locli,  N.  Y.  Ovid  Independent, 
Aug.  30,  1876. 

Macardell.  George  Eddy.  b.  at  Newburgh,   1836;    U.C.  Alton   Sem.   111. — ; 

(in    Presbyt.   chs.    1870-88)  ;     New    Salem,    N.Y.,   88-02,    Boght,   92-94, 

Schagticoke,  94-97.     Died  Aug.  15,  1899.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1900, 

897. 

McCartney,    Geo.     Rensselaer,    1849-57.      Northumberland   and    Gansevoort, 

1857-63,   (Presbyt.).    . 
Alacauley.   John  Magoffin,  b.  Schenectady,  N.Y.,  Aug.  31,   1813;    U.Pa.,  34, 
P.S.  T,7,  ord.  S.  CI.  N.Y..  Ap.   15,   South  Dutch,  N.Y.C.,  38-61,  w.  c. 
(in  Ireland)-;    Woodside,  N.J.,  72-80,  S.S.  Presb.  Ch.  Arlington,  N.J., 
80-2,  w.  c.     Died  July  4,  1891.     D.D.  by  C.C.   1855. 
McBride,  Robert  I.,  Albany,  3d,  1898-9.     (Pres.). 

McClelland,    Alex.,    b.    at    Schenectady,    1794;     U.C.    1809,    studied    under 
Mason,  lie.  by  Assoc.  Ref.  Presbyt.   1815,  N.Y.C.  Rutgers  St.   Presbyt. 
15-22,    Prof,   of   Logic,   Metaphysics   and    Bel.    Let.    in    Dickinson    Col. 
22-9,   Prof,   of    Langs,   in    Rutgers   Col.   29-32,    Prof,   of    Evidences   of 
Christianity  in  Rutgers  Col.  1840-51,  Prof.  Oriental  Lit.  in  R.C.  33-64, 
Prof,  of   Oriental   Langs,  and   Lit.   in   New   Brunswick   Sem.   32-51,   d. 
1864,  Dec.  19. 
He  was  remarkable  for  the  keenness,  breadth,  and  force  of  his  mind.     He 
had  the  faculty  of  concentrating  all  his  powers  on  a  given  subject.     What- 
ever he  undertook,  he  was   "totus   in   illis."     His   robust   intellect  abhorred 
vagueness,  guesswork,   and   skimming  over  the   surface   of   a   subject.     He 
spared  no  pains,  and  was  rewarded  with  corresponding  success. 

He  was  deservedly   popular  in   the  pulpit  but   his  chief   strength  was   in 
the  professorship.     In  exegesis  he  was  masterly,  and  few  young  men  could 
pass  under   his   instruction   without   catching   something  of    his   spirit. 
See   Manual,   1902. 

Publications:  "Vindication  of  the  Religious  Spirit  of  the  Age."  1820. 
(Also  printed  in  Ebaugh's  "Heavenly  Incense.") — "The  Alarriage  Ques- 
tion." Doctrine  of  Incest.  1826.  2d  ed.  1827.  (This  was  also  pub.  in 
part  under  pseudonym  "Domesticus,"  in  "Mag.  R.D.C."  i.  310.  Reviewed, 
"Mag.  R.D.C."  ii.  19,  23,  45.) — "Spiritual  Renovation  Connected  with 
the  Use  of  Means."  In  two  parts.  1834. — "Plea  for  a  Standing  Ministry, 
Ps.  74:9.  (Printed  also  in  Ebaugh's  "Heavenly  Incense.") — Manual  of 
Sacred  Interpretation,"  i8mo,  pp.  168.  1842.  (Labagh,  I.  P.).^ — Second  ed. 
called  "Canon  and  Interpretation  of  Scripture.  18 —  (See  "Princeton 
Rev."  xxii.  333.) — A  Volume  of  Sermons.  Posthumous.  1867.  ("Prince- 
ton Rev."  xxxix.  318.) 

McClelland,  Thomas  Calvin,  b.  N.Y.C,  June  10,  1869;  N.Y.U.  89;    U.T.S. 
92;   ord.  by  N.  CI.  L.I.,  June  11,  1892;    Bushwick.  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  92-3; 
Brooklyn,  North,  93-6;   (Lect.  Brooklyn  Miss.  Inst.  1893-5;    Congrega- 
tionalist.) 
McClinchie.   Uriah,  b.   N.Y.C,   1880.     N.Y.   Univ.     U.T.S.   1903.     1.  by  CI. 
Newark  1903.     Irvington,  N.  J.,  1904-19.  Editor  and  Publisher  of  Syndi- 
cate of  Newark  Suburban  Weeklies. 
McClure,  Alex.  Wilson,  b.  in  Boston,  1808;    Y.C  and  A.C  1827,  A.S.  1830; 
(Maiden,  Mass.,  1830-41,  St.  Augustine,  Florida,  1841-4,  Ed.  of  "Chris- 
tian   Observatory,"    1844-7,    Assist.    Ed.    "Puritan    Recorder,"    1844-7, 
Maiden,  1848-52),  Jersey  City,  ist,  1852-5,  Cor.  Sec.  Am.  and  For.  Ch. 
Union.  1855-8,  Chaplain  at  Rome,  Italy.  1856.  d.  1865.     D.D. 
He  was  a  man  of  ready  wit  and  a  great  reader.     He  was  also  in  certain 
departments    a   deep   thinker.      His   piety    shown   through   all    his    life    and 
enab'ed   him  to   endure   with  patience   intense   suffering   in   his    later   years. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  "The  Life-Boat":  an  Allegory. — Four  Lectures  on  Ul- 
tra-Universalism. — "Lives  of  the  Chief  Fathers  of  New  England."  Two 
vols. — "The    Translators    Revived."      1853. — Editorials    in    "Christian    Ob- 


THE    MINISTRY  4O9 

servatory." — A  half  dozen  articles  in  "New  Brunswick  Review,"  especially 

that  on   Rev.  Klias  Van   Benschoten. — Art.  on   "Native  Depravity"  in  "Lit. 

and  Theol.   Rev." — "The   School   Question"  :    Correspondence  between   Rev. 

J.  Kellv    (Romanist),  of   St.   Peter's  Ch.,  Jersev   Citv,   and   Dr.   McClure. 

1852. 

McClure,  John,  b.  1798.     N.B.S.  1822,  lie.  CI.  N.B.;    Spotswood,  1822-5,  d. 

McCorkle,  Wm.   R.,     S.S.   Nyack.   1879-81. 

McCready,  Robert  H.,  Montgomery,  N.  Y.,   1890-4.     Presbyterian.     Church 

of  the  Comforter,  N.  Y.  C,  1919-21.     Presbyterian   1921 .     Ph.D. 

^IcCullom.     Edward     A.       Schuylerville,     N.Y.,     1886-1890;      Fort     Plain, 

N.    Y..    1891-1903;     Fishkill-on-Hudson    (Beacon),    1900-14;     also    S.S. 

Clen.  N.  Y..  1913-14:    Castleton,  N.  Y.,  1915 .     D.D. 

McCully,    Edgar    Ireland,     (grandson    of    Rev.    John    C.    Cruikshank),    b. 

Paterson,   N.J..  June  28.   1869;     R.C.    1894,   N.B.S.   97,   1.   CI.   Passaic; 

Schodack.    1897-1900,    Germantown,    N.Y.,    1900-1903,    Oradell,    N.    J., 

1903 .     Pres.   P.S.  N.B.   192c.     D.D. 

McCurry.   D.   Ernest.     Presbyterian.     Greenville,   N.  Y.,    1919-12.     Presby- 
terian. 
^IcDermond.   C.   H.     Philadelphia,  4th,    1875,   suspended,   1877. 
McDonald,   Wm.   J.      South    Brooklyn,    1904-17.    (Pres.    Springfield,    L.    I., 

1917 ). 

McDowell,  Robt.,  b.  1760-70;    l:c.  CI.  Albany,  1790;    Bay  of  Cante,  Canada, 

1798-1800,    Adolphustown,    Earnestown,    and    Fredericksburgh,    Canada, 

1800-19,   (pastor  of  the  same  churches,  Presbyt.,  1810-35?).     Died  1841, 

after  fifty-one  years  of  ministerial  labor. 
His  field  of  labor  was  for  a  long  time  282  miles  in  length.     Before  1820, 
in  that  whole  region,  there  were  only  three  Episcopal  ministers,  two  Luth- 
eran, four  Baptist  and  several  Methodist  ministers.     See  Manual,   1902. 

See  his  letter,  1839,  describing  his  earh-  labors,  in  "Presb.  Year-Book" 
for  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  1875,  pp.  19,  20,  82,  83.  "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  683. 
See  also  "Centennial  Discs:"  510.  Several  of  his  sermons  were  printed. 
He  was  the  father  of  Rev.  John  R.  McDowell,  (U.C.  1828,  P.  S.  1829,  Miss, 
in  N.Y.C.,  d.  1836),  whose  "Memoir"  and  "Select  Remains"  were  published 
in  N.  Y.  1838.  The  latter  is  styled  on  the  title-page,  "The  Martyr  of  the 
Seventh  Commandment." 
McEckron,  Geo.   M.     U.C.   1848;    Poughkeepsie,   1858-67,    (N.Y.C.   Presbvt. 

1868). 
McElwee,   Robert.     Presbyterian.     Winnebago,   Neb.,    1919-21. 
McEwan,  David.     Presbyterian.     Orange  City.  la.,  2d  American  Reformed, 

191 1-20.     Presbyterian. 
McFarlane,    James.      Bloomingdale    and    Rosendale,    1843-5;     Canajoharie, 

1845-8;     English   Neighborhood,    1849-55;     Esopus,    1855-61    (Presbvt.). 

d.   1871. 
McGibbon,  A.  W.     Shandaken  and  Shokan,   1883-6. 
McGiffert,  W.  Henrv,  b.  1836,  Aub.  Sem.  58,  lie.  Presb.  Utica;   (Boonville, 

N.Y.,   58-..),    Blooming   Grove,    N.Y.,  83.     Died   Dec.  26,    1888.     See 

"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1889,  915. 
McGregor,  Ed.  R.     N.Y.U.  1843,  from  2d  Presl)vt.  N.Y.,   1854;    Livingston 

Ch.,  N.Y.C.   1855;    Presbvt. 
Mclntyre,   Joseph,   b.   Troy,    N.    Y.,    1867.      U.C.    1889.      P.S.    1892.      1.    by 

Pres.  of  Troy.     (Pres.  Port  Kennedy.  Pa.,  1892-5).     Glenville,  N.  Y., 

1st,    1895-8;     Cold    Spring,    1899-1901;     Bloomingl)urgh,    N.    Y.,    1903- 

07.     d.  June  17,   1909. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1910,  8.8. 
Mackay,  Donald  Sage,   (son  of   Rev.  Wm.   Murray  Mackay,  and  grandson 

of  Rev.  Donald  Sage,  both  of  Scotland),  b.  in  Glasgow,  Nov.  20,  1863; 

University  of  Glasgow.  89;    New  College,  Edinburgh;   (lie.  by  Presbyt. 

of  Glasgow;    ord.  by  Cong.  Ch.  in  Vermont,  U.S.  90;    St.  Albans,  Vt., 

90-94)  ;    Newark,  North  Refd.,  94-9.     New  York  Collegiate,  Fifth  av. 


4IO  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

and   Fortv-eighth  St.,    1899-1908.     d.   Sept.   3.     Pres.   Gen.    Syn.,    1906. 
D.D.  by  R.C.  1895.    LL.D.  by  H.C. 
Dr.   Mackay  was   a   man   of   rapt   vision   and    Celtic   enthusiasm   for   his 

work.     He   frequently  won   men  to  himself   and  then  to  his   Master.     His 

death  was  the  result  of  overwork   in  devotion  to  his   calling. 
See  Min.   Gen.   Syn..   1909,   530,   Year   Book   Col.   Ch.,    1909. 

McKee,  Joseph,  b.  Ireland,  1805;  Belf.  Col.  1829;  U.T.S.  1844-5;  (ord. 
Presbvt.  North  River,  May  25,  1848;  teaching,  N.Y.C.  1847-8;  S.S.  in 
N.Y.C.  1847-8,  Peekskill,  1848-51),  West  Ch.,  Sixth  av.,  N.Y.C,  1852- 
8;    teaching  N.Y.C,   1859.  in   Newark,  N.J.,   1860-3,  d.   Aug.   10. 

McKelvey,  Alex.,  b.  in  Ireland.  Nov.  28,  1827;  R.C.  55.  N.B.S.  58,  1.  CI. 
N.B. ;  Irvington,  58-60,  Totowa,  ist,  60-5,  Coxsackie  Landing,  65-6, 
Rector  of  Grammar  School,  New  Brunswick,  66-7,  Greenpoint,  67-72, 
in  Europe,  "72-2,.  (Westfield.  Presbvt.  74-6,  N.Y.C,  Canal  St.,  77-82), 
Athenia,  N.J.,  82-3,  (2nd  Presbvt.  Jersey  City,  83-92),  Boonton,  1894- 
1908.  d.  Oct.  19. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1909,  531. 

Publications:     Numerous    Arts,    in    "Ch.    Int.,"    including    Correspond- 
ence from  Europe,  1872-3;    in  "N.  Y.  Observer";    "N.  Y.  Evangelist";  and 

other  papers. — Also  several  sermons  and  addresses. 

McKelvey,  John,  b.  in  Covcnary,   Ireland,   1801  ;   Belfast  Col.   1821,  N.B.S. 
1827 ;    Miss,  to  Argyle,  Fort  Miller,  and  Wilton,   1827,  Niskayuna  and 
Amity,   1827-3C.  deposed,   1831  ;   at   Port   Hope,   Canada,  where  he  died 
about   1835. 
See  Manual  of  1879. 

McKensie,  Thos.  Hanna.  b.  Sewickley,  Pa.,  Nov.  18,  1867;  Wms.  Col. 
Jun.  year;  Monmouth  Col..  Ind..  88.  P.S.  91,  lie.  Presb.  Argyle  (U.P.) 
90;    ord.  Presb.  N.Y.   (U.P.)   Dec.  90;    (Pine  Bush,  N.Y.,  U.P.,  90-6), 

Port  Jervis.    1896-1905.      Flushing.   L.    I..    1905 .      Pres.   Gen.    Svn., 

1921.    D.D. 

McKinley.  G.  A.     S.S.   Owasco.  Outlet.   N.   Y..   1876-7. 

McKinty.  T.  W.     Presbyterian.     S.S.  Philadelphia  2d.  1916-18. 

McLaren,  Malcolm  N.  U.C  1824;  Brooklyn  Central,  1847-9,  Newburgh, 
1850-9. 

McLawry,  John  F..  b.  Stamford,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  22.  1844.  R.C.  1870.  N.B.S. 
1873.     Presbyterian,    d.  Jan.  30,  1889. 

McLean,  Chas.  G.,  from  Presbvt.  Newcastle,  1844;    Fort  Plains,  1844-51. 

McLean,  Robt..  from  England.  1822;  Miss,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Broad- 
way and  Canal  St..  1824.  Broome  St..  N.Y.C.  1824-6.  returned  to  Great 
Britain  and  preached  in  Liverpool,  d.   1850. 

McLeod,  Malcolm  James,  b.  Prince  Edward's  Isle.  N.S.  Dalhousie  Univ. 
1887.  P.S.  1890.  Ord.  by  Pres.  Chester.  (Pres.  Toughkenamon, 
Pa.,  1890-91.  Chester,  Pa.,  3d,  1891-7).  Professor  Greek,  Univ.  of 
Nebraska.  1897-1900.  (Pres.  Pasadena.  Cal..  1900-1910).  N.  Y.  Col., 
5th  and  48th   St..   1910 .     D.D. 

McLeod,   Norman.     Presbyterian.     S.S.   Union.   Albany   Co..   N.   Y.,    1910- 

13). 
McLeod,  Thos.,  b.  Castleblanev,  Ireland,  Julv  s.  1848;    C.N.J.  70,  P.S.  72>, 

lie.  Pres.  N.B.  72;    (Sandy  Hill,  N.Y.,  73-4,  Batavia.  N.Y..  74-7,  both 

Presbvt.),     Hudson,     N.Y.,     78-9,      (Clinton     Av.,     Brooklvn,     Cong., 

1880——).     D.D.  by  C.N.J.  1890. 
MacMillan,   Homer,   b.   Cedarville,   Ohio,   Dec.   20,    1873;    Cedarville   Coll. 

97,   N.B.S.   1900,   1.   CI.   Orange;     Bogart   Memorial   Ch.,   Bogota,   N.J., 

1901-02.      (Pres.    Los    Angeles,    Col,    1902-04.      Buford,    Ga.,    1904-06. 

Co-ordinate  Sec.  Ex.  Com.  Home  Missions  Pres.   Ch.  U.   S.    (South), 

1906 .     D.D.  Westminster  Col.  191 1. 

MacMillan,   Jason   L.     Ord.   N.C   L.I.    1908.      Oyster   Bay,   L.   I.,    1909-11. 

Presbyterian. 
McMurray,  Norman  Andrew,  b.  Oct.  20.  1895.  Niagara  Falls.    Canada,  Uni- 


THE    MINISTRY  4II 

versity  of  Toronto  1917.  Knox  Coll.,  Toronto,  1920.  U.T.S.  1921.  1. 
by  Presbytery  of  Toronto  1920.  West  End  Church,  Col.,  N.  Y.  C,  As- 
sistant, 1921 

McMurray,   Wni.,   b.   in   Salem,    1784;    U.C.    1804.   tutor   in    U.C.    1806-7,   1- 
Assoc.    Ref.    1808;    ( Lansingburgh,    1808-11).    Rhinebeck    Flats,    12-20, 
N.Y.C.,  Market  St..  20-35,  d-     S.T.D.  by  C.C.     D.D.  by  U.C. 
A  man  pre-eminent   for  piety  and   wisdom,  whose  death  was  a  triumph. 

-See   Manual.    1902. 

Publications:    Ser.  before  Am.  Col.  Soc.   1825. — Remarks  on  the  Letter 

of   "Domesticus,"    (McClelland),   concerning   Incest,   etc.,   under   pseudonym 

"Veritas."      1827. — Ser.   on   the   "Death   of    Col.    Rutgers."      1830. — Ser.   on 

the   "Death  of   Aaron   Hand."     1831.— A   Ser.  before   A. B.C. P.M.      1833.— 

""Responsibilitv,  as  applied  to  the  Professions  and  Callings  of   Dailv  Life." 

1856. 

McNab,   John.      Presbyterian.     Albany,   N.   ¥.,   3d,   1908-09.      Presbyterian. 

McNair,  John  Long.  b.  Churchill,  Pa.;  R.C.  185c,  N.B.S.  53,  1.  S.C.  L.L  ; 
Oyster  Bay,  53-5,  Marbletown.  55-9.  Acting  Sec.  Bd.  Ed.  59-60,  Mar- 
bletown,  60-8,  Miss,  pastor  at  Fulton  St.  Ch.,  N.Y.C.,  68-71,  (Watkins, 
Presbyt.,  71-75),  Bedminster,  76-92,  Rochester  (Ulster  Co.),  92-1902. 
d.   June   20,    1904.      Min.   Gen.    Syn.,    1905,   278. 

McNair.  Wilmer,  b.  Stone  Ridge.  N.Y..  Sept.  22,.  1858;  R.C.  81.  P.S.  86. 
1.  Presb.  Newark.  84  (Westminster  Ch..  York,  Pa..  86-90;  Prof,  of 
Latin  in  Whitworth  College.  Bethany,  Tacoma.  Wash.,  1890-91). 
Atlantic  Highlands,  N.  J.,  1892-5;  S.S.  Pottersyille,  N.  J.,  1897-1904; 
Marbletown  and  Stone  Ridge,  N.  Y..  1904-15;    Holmdel.  N.  J.,  1915 

McNeil,  Archibald,  united  with  Seceders,  1823,  Owasco,  1823-4.  Ovid, 
1838-68. 

McNeil,  J.  R.,  b.  Criefif,  Scotland,  Jan.  4.  1883.  R.C.  1906.  N.B.S.  1906-08. 
Aliss.  Gotebo,  Okl.,   1908-09.     d.  Jan.   18.   1910. 

McNeil.  Wm.  Nash.  b.  Crieff,  Scotland,  March  31,  1885.     R.C.  1908.    N.B.S. 

1911.  I.  by  S.C.  L.L '191 1.  Little  Falls.  N.  J..  1911-15;  New  Hyde 
Park.  N.  Y.,  1915-18;  West  Farms,  N.  Y.  C,  1918-^.  Bd.  of  Edu- 
cation 1 91 9. 

McNeish,   David,  b.  in   Scotland,    1820;     R.C.  41.  N.B.S.  44.   1.   CI.   N.Y.; 

Centreville.   Mich..   44-6.   Centreville   and   Constantine,   46.   Constantine, 

46-9,  South  Bend,  49-52.  Constantine,  52-4,  d. 
Educated  by  the  beneficence  of  the  Churcli.  he  determined  to  go  and 
labor  just  where  the  Church  might  send  him.  He  was  sent  to  the  Western 
field,  where  he  spent  his  life,  sometimes  engaged  in  building  up  new 
churches  and  in  infusing  new  life  into  old  ones.  He  endured  hardness  as  a 
good   soldier  of  Jesus   Christ. 

See  Manual.  1902. 
MacQueen,    Peter,   b.   Wigtonshire.    Scotland,   Jan.    11,   1863;    C.N.J.    1887; 

U.T.S.   1890;  ord.  by  CI.  Westchester.  May  14,  1891 ;   S.S.  Bronxville, 

91-93,  Somerville,  Mass..  Cong.  (Day  Ch.)  1893 

MacQueston,  Rockwood.     Annandale,  N.  J.,   1904-10. 

McWilliam.   Alex.,   b.   at    Stoney   Kirk,    Scotland,   Aug.   8,    1826;     U.C.   50, 

As.soc.  Ref.  Sem.,  now  United  Presbyt.  at  Ncwburgh,  55.  1.  by  Presbyt. 

of  Caledonia.  54;    (Graham  Ch.  Assoc.  Ref.  55-60).  S.S.  Walpeck.  Oct. 

60-1.  June,  pastor.  61-70.  East  Millstone.  70-90.  supplying  churches,     d. 

191 2.  Feb.  II.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1902,  561. 

Puiu.ic.xTiONS :    Sermon  on   "Death  of   President   Garfield." — Sermon  at 

25th  Anniversary  of  Ch.  of  East  Millstone.   N.J. 

McWilliam,   Homer.     Mistake   for   McMillan. 

Maddaus,.O.scar.  b.  of  American  parents,  Riga,  Russia.  11  years  in  busi- 
ness.     Brown    Univ.    1907.      Theo.    studies    private.      Ord.    Pres.    of 

Boston,  1907.     North  Hempstead.  L.  L.   1907 .     Editor  Nassau  Co. 

Journal. 

Madoulet.  J.   B.     Burlington.   111.,   1853-5. 


412  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Magee,  Geo.  A.,  b.  in  Londonderry.  Ireland,  May  ii,  1830;  c.  to  America, 
40;  studied  theology  with  Dr.  Krebs  of  N.Y.C.;  1.  Presbyt.  N.Y.  18..  ; 
Williamsburgh.  L.I.,  18..-..,  Providence,  R.I.,  18..-..,  in  Maryland, 
Ramapo,  71-5.  w.  c,  died  Jan.  16,   1878. 

Mager,  Wm.,  b.  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  Sept.  9,  1879.  Bloomfield  Acd.  1901. 
Bloomfield  Sem.  1904.  1.  by  S.  Bergen  1904.  Ass.  Hudson  City,  N.  J., 
2d,  July-Sept.,  1904.     (Presbyterian,  New  Hyde  Park,  N.  Y.,  1904-10). 

North  Bergen,  N.  J.,   1910 .     CI.  Chairman  of   Progress  Campaign. 

Agent   Bd.   Pub.  and   Bib.   Sch.   Work.     Member   Bd.   D.M.   R.C.     Bd. 
of  Library  Trustees,  Town  of  Union,  1914 .     President,   1916 . 

Magill,    Andrew.      Brooklyn    Ch.    in    the    Heights,    1908-13.      Presbyterian. 

Maier,  James,  S.S.  Florida,  N.Y.,  1794. 

Maines,  Walter  S.,  b.  North  Church,  N.  J.,  Aug.  25,  1879.  N.B.S.  1905. 
].  by  CI.  Orange.  Ramapo,  N.  J.,  1905-08.  Paterson,  N.  J.,  2d, 
(Totowa),  1908-14.  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  Van  Voorst,  1914-15.  Ellen- 
ville,   N.   Y.,   1916- 

Alair,  Hugh,  b.  July  16,  1797,  at  New  Milno,  Scotland;  Univ.  Glasgow, 
1820;  lie.  by  Assoc.  Syn.  Secess.  Ch.  23;  Dom.  Miss.  Work  in  Scot- 
land, 23-8;  c.  to  America;  Miss,  to  Argyle  and  Fort  Miller,  Jan.  29, 
Northumberland,  29-31,  (Johnstown,  29-43,  Brockport,  44-5,  V/arsaw, 
46-7,  Fergus,  Canada  West,  47-54,  d.  Nov.   i). 

Major,  John  W.,  b.  1825;  U.C.  45-  P-S.  53.  (Caledonia,  N.Y.),  Boght, 
6c-4;    (Presbyt.  again),  d.  at  Palmyra,  May  10,  1869. 

Makely,  George  N.  Bethany  Chapel,  Brooklyn,  1896-1900,  (Cedar  Rapids, 
la.,   Presbyt.    1900 — - 

jMalefyt,  Stephen  John  Paul  deW.,  b.  Neth.,  July  20,  1893.  Syracuse  Univ., 
Class  1924.  Home  Missionary  Training  Institute,  Brooklyn,  1919. 
1.  by  CI.  Montgomery  1920.  Lay  Evangelist.  S.S.  Cicero,  N.  Y., 
J  920 

Mallery,  Charles  Gilbert,  b.  Milford,  Del.,  Nov.  21,  1869;  R.C.  96,  N.B.S. 
99,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie,  Syracuse  2d,  1899-1904.  Rhinebeck,  N.  Y., 
1904-14.      Bedminster,    N.    J.,    1914-19.      Bethlehem,    Selkerk,    N.    Y., 

1919 

Publications  :     175th  Anniversary   Sermon,   Rhinebeck  Ch.     Hymns  and 

poems  in  press. 

Malta,    Frank.      Chicago,    111.,    Kensington    Italian    Mission,    1916-17. 

Malven,  Frank,  b.  Port  Jervis,  N.Y.,  Oct.  16,  1866;  R.C!  93,  N.B.S.  96, 
1.  CI.  Orange ;  Assistant  pastor,  Harlem  Colleg.  Ch.  96-98,  College 
Point,  1898-1905.  (Presbyterian  Fagg's  Manor,  Pa.,  1905-1916.  Pleas- 
ant Valley,  N.  Y.,  1916 ). 

Manchee,  William,  b.  London,  Eng.,  July  30,  1841  ;  Hackney  Coll.  and 
Sem.,  London,  Eng.,  1866;  ord.  by  Congregationalists  in  Whitefield 
Chapel,  Drury  Lane,  London,  Feb.,  1866;  (Whitefield  Chapel,  London, 
66-7,  Cowbridge  Cong.  Ch.  Hertford,  67-72,  Guelph,  Canada,  Cong., 
73-9.  Plainfield,  N.J.,  ist  Cong.  79-84),  Lodi,  N.  J.,  84-7,  Hoboken,  N.J., 
87-9,  Bayside,  L.I.,  90-1,  Clifton,  N.J.,  91-2,  Cherry  Hill,  N.J.,  91-3, 
Guttenberg,    1894-1917. 

Mancius,  George  Wilhelmus,  b.  in  Duchy  of  Nassau.  Germany,  1706; 
studied  probably  at  some  German  University  in  the  vicinity;  Herborn 
Theological  Seminary,  1728-30;  ordained  by  some  German  Classis  or 
Consistory,  1730;.  sailed  from  Amsterdam,  for  America  about  July  12 
(or  after),  1730;  in  Kaatsban,  Nov.,  1730-Junc  i,  1731 ;  (was 
called  to  Schraalenberg  and  Paramus,  Dec.  23,  1730);  installed  at 
Schraalenberg,  Sept.  19,  1731 ;  at  Schraalenberg  and  Paramus,  Sept., 
1731-1732;  called  to  Kingston,  as  colleague  of  Vas,  Alay,  1732;  at 
Kingston,  1732-62,  died  Sept.  6.  Also  supplied  Kaatsban,  1732-62,  and 
Rhinebeck,  1734-42;  also  occasionally  other  churches,  at  Dcerpark. 
Minisink,  Walpack,  Smithfield,  etc. 
The  place  of  education  and  early  life  of  ^Mancius  are  obscure.    The  cause 


TliE    MIXISTRY  4  1 ,; 

■of  his  mission  to  the  Palatines  along  the  Hudson  River  is  probably  to  be 
sought  in  the  German  correspondence  to  the  Herborn  Seminary  or  to  the 
German  ecclesiastical  bodies  in  that  vicinity.  At  any  rate  Mancius  sud- 
denly appeared  upon  the  scene.  His  pastoral  labors  were  abundant  for  a 
long  distance  on  the  western  shore  of  the  Hudon.  and  even  extended  into 
New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  remarkable  linguist,  able  to  speak 
nine  languages,  and  therefore  very  useful  to  the  scattered  groups  of  settlers 
in  the  western  wilderness.  No  minister  of  the  colonial  period  extended  the 
Reformed  Church  more  persistently  than  he.  At  first  he  favored  the  organ- 
ization of  Ccetus,  and  in  various  ways  showed  his  independence.  But  later 
he  became  ojjposed  to  the  Coetus,  and  was  unwilling  to  recognize  its  acts  as 
binding.  He  thus  took  a  reactionary  position  which  led  him  into  relation- 
ships and  actions  which  were  considered  by  many  improper.  But  in  spite 
of  unfortunate  conduct  in  these  respects  he  was  undoubtedly  a  good  man, 
and  eminently  useful  over  a  w^ide  field.  His  portrait  now  hangs  in  the 
chapel  of  the  Church  of  Kingston. 

See  Ecc.  Rec.  N.  Y.,  many  letters  and  allusions,   Mag.   R.  D.  C.   ii.  296, 
iii-  55-  301.  33^'  Manual,  1902. 

Mandeville,  Garret,  b.  March  19,  1775:    studied  under  Froeligh,  1.  CI.  N.Y. 
1796;     Rochester,   Wawarsing.   and   Clove,    1798-1802,   Caroline,    1802-4, 
(Ithaca,  Pre.sbyt.  1804-15),  Beach  Woods,  24-6,  Berkshire  Valley.  26-8. 
Six  Mile  Creek,  28-31,  w.  c.  31-50,  emeritus,  d.   1853.     See  '  Ch.   Int.." 
Jan.  12,   1854. 
Mandeville.    Giles    Henry,    b.    in    N.Y.C.,    Dec.    12,    1825;     R.C.    48.    N.B.S. 
51,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  Flushing,  51-9,  Newburgh.  59-69.  N.Y.C..  Harlem.  69- 
82,  President  of  Hope  College.  79-81.  Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  of  Education,  83- 
1900,  Hon.  Sec.  and  Treasurer,  1900-1904.     d.  Nov.  4.     D.D.,  R.C,  1870. 
LL.D..  H.C. 
Dr.   Mandeville   was   successful   in   his   pastorates   and   this   prepared   him 
for  the   great   work  of   hi^  life  as   Secretary  of   the   Board  of    Education. 
During   his   term   318   students   passed   under   his   care   and   he   became   the 
intimate  friend  and  adviser  of   many  Reformed  ministers.     Thus  his  influ- 
ence in  the  work  of  the  Church  became  very  wide.     Min.  Gen.   Syn..   I905> 
279. 

Publications  :    Flushing.    (L.I.).  "Past  and   Present."    i860. — Fun.   Ser. 
of  Col.   Benj.   R.  Hoagland.     1858. — Address  to  Yoimg  Men's  Ch.   Assoc. 
1859. — Address  at   Fun.  of   Dan.  C.   Belknap.      1861. — Sermon.   "My  Coun- 
try."    1861. — "Golden   Memories."  or  Hist.   Ch.   Harlem.     1875. — Sermons; 
Articles   in   Quarterlies :     addresses ;     contributions   to   the   press. 
Mandeville.  Henry,  b.  at  Kinderhook.   1804;    U.C.  26.  N.B.S.  29.  !    CI.  Al- 
bany;    Shawangunk,   29-31.   Geneva.   31-4.   Utica.   34-41.   also   Prof,   of 
Moral  Phil,  and  Rhetoric  in  Hamilton  Col.  41-9.  Albanv,  Presbvt.  50-4, 
Mobile  Ala.,  54-8.  d.  1858.     D.D.  by  U.C.  1847. 
■  Manual,  1902. 
PuBi.ic.\Tioxs :    "Per.severance  as  a  Means  of  Success":    Before  Lit.  So- 
cieties   Hamilton    Coll.    1840. — "Reflex    Influences    of    Foreign    Missions" : 
Before  Soc.  of   Inquiry,   N.B.S.    1847. —  ("Princeton   Rev."  xix.  428.) — He 
published  a  Series  of  Reading  Books,  as  follows:    Primary  Reading  Book. 
I   vol..   i6mo.     Second  Reading  Book,   i   vol.,   i6mo.     Third  Reading  Book, 
1  vol.,  i6mo.     Fourth  Reading  Book,  i  vol..  i2mo.     Fifth  Reading  Book,  or 
Course  of  Reading,  i  vol.,  i2mo.     Sixth,  Elements  of  Reading  and  Oratory, 
T  vol.,   i2mo,   1840.     ("Princeton  Rev."  xxi.  462.) — "Goodness  of  God  to  a 
Nation  70  \'ears  Old."     1853. — "Essays  on  a  Part  of  Epistle  to  Romans." — 
Art.   in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Rev.    lohn  De  Witt,   D.D. 
Manley,  John,  b.    i8ic;     R.C.   28,   N.B.S.   31.   1.   CI.   N.B.:    Manheim.   31-3. 
Saddle    River   and    Pascack.   34-53,    Saddle    River,   53-66.   w.   c.      Died. 
1871.   May   22. 
Manley.  Wm.,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1798;    Miss,  to  Susquehanna  River  Region.  1798- 
1800,  supplied  Cortlandtown  and  Peekskill,  1800-06,  d. 


414  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Mann,  Archibald  Irving,  b.  Sturgeon  Bay,  Wis..  June  6,  1888.  Moravian- 
Col.,  Bethlehem.  1909.  McCormick  Sem.  1912.  Ord.  by  Moravian 
Ch.  1910.  (Pres.  Park  and  Fond  Du  Lac  Covenant  Pres.  1911-12. 
Ass.,  ist  Pres.,  Oshkosh,  Wis.,  191^-13,  North  Pres.,  Milwaukee, 
1913-15),  Philmont,  N.  Y..  1915-18.  Yonkers,  N.  Y.,  Park  Hill.  1918 

Mann,  Alexander  McCalla,  b.  Philadelphia.  Pa..  Mar.  16.  1808;  R.C.  2.y, 
TsT.B.S.  30;  Ithaca.  31-37.  West  Troy  (S.S.)  2>7,  Poughkeepsie,  38-57,. 
Hoboken.  58-61.  (Trumansburg.  Presbyt.).  62-65,  Lodi.  N.  Y.,  S.S., 
69-70.  d.  July  15,  1893.  D.D.  Univer.  Rochester,  1856.  Pres.  Gen. 
Syn.,  1851. 
He  was  the  Chairman,  for  many  years,  of  the  Committee  for  the  Revision 

of  the  Liturgy — begun  in   1855. — "Mints,  of  Gen.   Syn.,"   1894,  208.     "Biog. 

Notices   Grads.   R.C,"    1894,   9.      Manual,    1902. 

Alanning,  John  H..  b.  New  Brunswick,  Sept.  22,.  1825.  R.C.  1844.  N.B.S. 
J7,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Spotswood,  47-54.  South  Brooklyn,  ^4-73,  w.  c.  Died' 
Oct.  25,  1878;    elected  trustee  R.C.  1863.     D.D.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Mansen,  Folkert  B..  b.  Sept.  6,  1871.  Groningen.  Neth.  H.C.  1899.  W.T.S. 
1902.  1.  by  CI.  Mich.  Raritan,  111.,  1902-05;  Classical  Miss.  CI.  Pella, 
1905-07:  Bethany.  Sully.  la.,  1907-10;  Eddyville,  la..  1910-13;  Prairie 
View,  Kan..  1913-20;  Sanborn.  la..  1920-21;  Middlebury.  la..  1921. 
S.C.  CI.  East  Sioux. 
Publications:    50th  Anniversary  Alemorial  Volume.  Ref.  Ch.  of  Raritan, 

1905. 

Manton.  Daniel  E.     S.S.  Ghittenango.  N.  Y.,  1834-6. 

Many,  D.  J.  (Jr.),  b.  Albany,  N.  Y.,  May  11.  i860.  Ham.  Col.  1880.  Aub. 
S.  and  P.G.  P.S.  1886.  1.  by  Pres.  of  Albany.  (Pres.  Esperance.  N. 
Y..  86-90;  Guilderland.  N.  Y..  90-99.  Manchester.  N.  H..  Westminster, 
1899-1907;  Watertown.  N.  Y.,  ist.  1907-10);  Rensselaer,  N.  Y..  ist, 
1910-18;     Visscher's    Ferry,    Amity.    1918-21.       (Pres..    Troy.    N.    Y., 

19^1^;^ ).     Moderator  of   various   Presbyteries.     Clerk   of    S3nod  of 

N.  Y.   (Presbyterian). 

Marcelus.  Aaron  A.,  b.  Amsterdam,  N.Y..  1799;  U.C.  1826.  N.B.S.  30,  1. 
CI.  N.Y. ;  Lysander,  30-1,  Schaghticoke,  31-4,  N.Y.C.  Manhattan,  34-6, 
Prin.  of  Lancaster  Academy,  Pa.,  36-9,  Freehold,  39-50,  teaching  in 
N.Y.C.  and  Williamsburgh,  51-6.  Greenville,  56-9.  teaching  in  Bergen, 
59-60.  d.     See  Manual  of   1879. 

Marcley.  Allen  Francis,  b.  Mariaville,  N.  Y.  R.C.  191 1.  W.T.S.  1914. 
1.  by  CI.  Mich.  Cleveland,  O.,  ist,  1914-16;  Katsbaan,  N.  Y.,  1916-18; 
Lisha's  Kill,  N.  Y..  1918 

Marcy.  Sherman  H..  b.  Russia.  Herkimer  Co..  N.  Y.  Colgate  Univ.  1889.- 
Hamilton  Theo.  Sem.  1892.  1.  by  Baptist  Church.  Hamilton,  N.  Y., 
1892.  P.G.  U.T.S.  (Baptist.  Hempstead.  L.  I..  1892-1899).  Pres- 
byterian, 1909-18;  Y.M.C.A.  War  Work,  1918-20;  Netherwood.  N.  J., 
1920 

Marinus.   David,   studied   in    Pennsylvania,   lie.   by   Coetus.    1752;     Aquacka- 
nonck  and  Pompton  Plains,  1752-6.  Aquackanonck.  Totowa  and  Pomp- 
ton  Plains.   1756-73.  Kakiat.   1773-78.  also  supplied  Fairfield,   1756-73. — 
Ecc.  Rec.  N.  Y. 
Publications  :    "Remarks  on  the  Disputes  and  Contentions  in  this  Prov- 
ince."     1755.      (A  copy  in   vol.   v.   "Miscel.   Pamphlets."     N.J.   Hist.   Soc, 

Newark.     Reprinted  in   "Centennial  of   N.B.   Sem.."  340.) — A  letter  to  the 

"Independent    Reflector."    pub.    separately    in   vol.    v..    as   above.      See    also 

"Centen.  of  Rutgers  Coll.."  p.  ~2>- 

Markle,  Josiah,  b.  New  Salem,  N.Y.,  Ap.  26.  1829;  R.C.  53.  N.B.S.  57,  1. 
CI.  Albany;  (Chester.  Presbyt.  57-8).  Samsonville.  58-61.  Dashville 
Falls.   62-4,    Gansevoort   and    Northumberland,    64-5,    Gansevoort,    65-8, 

w.  c ;     S.S.,   Mapleton,   1870,   Schoharie   Mt.   and   Lawyersville,. 

1872-5.     Died  Oct.  17,  1898. 

Marselus,  Nich.  J.,  b.  in  Mohawk  Valley,  1792;    U.C.   1810,  N.B.S.   15,  1.. 


THE    MINISTRY  415 

CI.    N.B.;     Grccnbush   and    Blooming    Grove,    15-22,    New    York    City, 
(Greenwich),  22-58,  w.  c.     Died  1876,  May  5.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1844. 
He  was  a  man  of  unusual  will  power.     He  preached  with  force  and  under 
the  unction  of  the  Spirit.     More  than  thirty  young  men  entered  the  ministry 
under  his  influence. 
Manual,    IQ02. 

In  reference  to  the  suit  brought  by  him  for  the  distribution  of  the  prop- 
erty of  the  Collegiate  Church  among  all  the  Dutch  churches  of  New  Yorl: 
City,  see  "History  of  the  \'arious  Litigations  relating  to  the  lawful  title  of 
said  church  to  the  property  held  by  them,  etc.,"  with  the  arguments  pro 
and  con,  and  the  final  decision  of  -the  Court  of  Appeals,  June,  1867.  Pub- 
lished. 1 87 1. 

PuBLiCATioN.s  :    "Translation  of   Elijah":    A  .ser.  on  death  of   Dr.  J.   H. 
Livingtson.     1825.     "The  Good  Old  Way."     1830. — "Gospel  Ministry  and  its 
Results."      1842. — "Ministerial   Appeal   and   Complaint."      1850. — A   Sermon. 
T  850. 
Marsilje,  Peter  J.     H.C.  1899.     W.T.S.  1902.     Liberty.  Okl..  1902.     (Pres. 

Springfield.  111.),  Buck  Creek,  Okl.,  1904.  Pres.  1905.  d.  1921. 
Martin,  Daniel  Hoffman,  b.  Martindale.  N.  Y..  Feb.  5.  1859;  C.C.  N.Y. 
81;  U.T.S.  84;  ord.  CI.  N.Y.,  Dec.  2,  1884;  High  Bridge.  N.Y.C., 
1884-90;  Clinton  av.,  Newark.  N.J.,  1890-1908.  Pres.  1908.  Glens 
Falls,  N.  Y.,  Fort  Washington  Pres.  Ch.  Dead. 
Martin.  James  M..  b.  Orange.  N.  J.,  Aug.  i,  1875.  R.C.  1899.  N.B.S. 
1902.  1.  by  CI.  of  N.B.  1902.  North  Paterson,  N.  J.,  1902-05;  Spring 
Valley,  N  Y..  1905-08;    Paterson.  N.  J.,  Broadway,   1908-15;    Hudson, 

N.  Y',  1915-21  ;    Holland.  Mich..  3d,  1921 .     Pres.  P.S.  N.Y..  1920. 

Permanent  Clerk  Gen.   Syn.,   1920 

PuRLic.\Tioxs  :    Articles  in  Int. 
Martine,  Ab.  J.,  b.  at  Clarkstown,  N.Y.,  Oct.  19.  1848;    R.C.  7i.  N.B.S.  76, 
1.     CI.     Paramus;      Stanton,     1876-82,     Manhassct,     82-91.     (Dunellen, 
(Presbyt.)    1891-1900).'  Marborough,    1900-1905.      Supt.    General    Hos- 
pital, Passaic,  N.  J.,   1905-08.     Little  Falls,  N.  J.,   1908-11,  New  Pros- 
pect. N.  Y..  191 1 -16.    d.  Dec.  6.    Min.  Gen.  Syn..  1917,  255. 
Publications  :   Hist.  Ref.  Ch.  of  Navesink,  now  First  Ch.  of  Freehold. 
Martyn,  Fermin  Ferner,   (son  of  Rev.  W.  C.  Martyn),  b.  St.  Louis.  Mo., 
June  25.  1870;    C  C.  91,  U.T.S.  92.  Div.  Sch.  Chicago.  93;    ord.  by  CI. 
Bergen,  Nov.  8.  1893;    English  Neighborhood,  at  Ridgefield,  N.Y.,  1893- 
5;    engaged   in   Literature.  N.Y.C.,   1895. 
Martyn.    (William)    Carlos,    b.    N.Y.C.,    Dec.    15,    1841;     U.T.S.    69;     ord. 
(Cong.).  June  25,  69;   (Pilgrim  Ch..  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  69-71  ;    Portsmouth, 
N.H..    71-6)  :     34th    St..    N.Y.C.,    76-83,    Bloomingdale.    N.Y.C.,    83-90, 

Newark,  ist.  90-2:    6th  Presb.  Chicago,  92-4,  Lecturer.  1894 .     D.D. 

Marvin,  Frederic  Rowland,   (s.  of  Uriah  Marvin),  b.  Troy,  N.Y.,  Sept.  23, 
1847;  Lafayette  Coll.,  Easton,  Pa.,  i  year;  U.C.  i  year;  Coll.  Physicians 
and  Surgeons — Med.  Dept.  C.C.  1870;    Professor  N.  Y.  Free  Medical 
Col.   for  Women;    N.B.S.  76-77,   1.   CI.  N.Y. ;    ord.  by  Cong.   Council, 
Middletown.    N.Y..    Ap.    18,    78;     (Middletown.    N.Y.    (Cong.).    78-82, 
Portland.   Oregon    (Cong.)    82-85.   Great    Barrington,    Mass.,    (Cong.), 
87-95.      Engaged   in    literary    work   and    supplying   churches    1895-1918. 
d.  July  22. 
Dr.  Marvin  was  a  cultivated   Christian  gentleman.     He  was  an  effective 
and  interesting  speaker   and  had  a  most   interesting  personality   and   main- 
tained a  warm  interest  in  the  common  affairs  of  life.     He  held  his  cinncction 
with  the  Reformed  Church  in  i)lea.sant  recollection  to  the  end. 

See  "AHibone's  Diet.  Eng.  Lit."  Sup.  vol.  2  (of  5  vols,  ed.)  ;  "Men  of 
Lafayette"  (Coll.)  by  Prof.  Coffin;  "Harrlngshaw's  Encyc.  Am.  Biog."; 
"Iamb's  Biog.  Diet." 

PvBi.iCATioNS :  "Dream  Music":  a  Vol.  of  Poems.  1871. — "Death  in 
the  Light  of   Science,"   1878. — "(Tonsecrated   Womanhood":    A   Sermon   at 


4l6  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Portland,  Oregon,  1883. — "Editors  and  Newspapers,"  a  Sermon,  Portland. 
Oregon,  1883. — "Gospel  Catechism  for  Young  Children";  Portland,  Oregon, 
1883. — "The  Real  Devil :  Who  he  is,  and  Where  he  Lives"  :  A  Sermon 
Portland,  1884. — "Christ  Among  the  Cattle,"  1899. — "The  Last  Words  of 
Distinguished  Men  and  Women,"  1901.  Literature  of  the  Insane,  Epidemic 
Delusions  "Flowers  of  Song  from  Many  Lands."  A  Book  of  Quatrain — 
Poems  and  Translation.  "Excursion  of  a  Book  Lover,"  "Love  and  Letters." 
Fire-side  Papers.     "Top  of  the  Wine  Jar." 

Marvin,  Uriah,  b.  at  Albany,  N.Y.,  Jan.  8.   1816;    W.C.  and  U.C.  35,  P.S. 
47,  lie.  by  Presbytery  of  Troy,  1846;  Union  Village,  1848-55,  Greenwich, 
N.Y.C.,  1855-8,  Nyack,  1860-70,  w.  c.     Died  Nov.  18,  1898. 
Manual,  1902. 
Masden,   C.    P.      Philadelphia,   2d,    1873-79;     became   a    Methodist. 
Mason,  Alfred  De  Witt,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Mar.  21,  1855;   A.C.  ^T,   U.T.S. 
77-8;    N.B.S.  78-80;    1.  S.  CI.  L.L;  ord.  N.  CI.  L.L,  Oct.  7,  80;  Locust 
Valley,  80-2;    Brooklyn,  South,  82-91;    Boonton,  N.J.,  91-4;    Ed.  "Mis- 
sion Field,"  1894-1909. — Also  Managing  Editor  of  the  "The  Day  Star," 
Nov.,   1896. — Also  Sec.   for  Young   People's   Mission  Work,   i8'96-i902. 
Editor  Christian  Intelligencer,  1909-17.     Pres.  C.E.  Missionary  League, 
1895-1905.     D.D.  H.C.  1909. 
Publications:     Editorials,    «&c.,    as    above    indicated;     in    charge    of    the 
Weekly  Christian  Endeavor  Department,  in  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  1885- 
95,  and  other  articles  in  the  same ;    many  Magazine  articles,  Reports,  news- 
paper   articles,    &c. — Rejiorts    of    Christian    Endeavor    Missionary    League, 

1893 .     Outline  of  the  Story  of  Missions,  1912.     Mission  Study  in  S.S., 

1902.     Modern  Methods  in  S.S.  Work,   1913. 

Mason,  Ebenezer,  (s.  of  Rev.  Dr.  John  M.  Mason),  b.  in  N.Y.C.,  June  15, 
1800;    C.N.J.  20,  P.S.  23;    ord.  2d  Presbyt.  N.Y..  Ap.  20,  26.  Brooklyn, 
26-7,    (Sixth   av.,    N.Y.C.,    27-8,    North   Ch..    N.Y.C..    29-3^,    Blooming 
Grove,  1848-9,  d.  Mar.  14).     S.T.D. 
See  Manual,   1902. 
(Mason,  John.     S.S.,  Hurley,  1834-6). 

(Mason,  John  M.     See  Manual,   1869.     Also  "Van  Vechten's   Life  of   Dr. 
J.  M.  Mason).     Several  students  of  the  Dutch  Church  studied  theology 
with  him. 
Mathews,  John   R.     N.Y.U.   1859,   N.B.S.    1862.     Episcopalian.     Rector  at 

Peekskill,  chaplain  in  the  navy ;    died  Dec.  2"/,  1898. 
Mathews,  James  M.,  b.  in  Salem,  N.Y.,  March  18,  1785.     U.C.  1803,  Assoc. 
Ref.  Sem.,  1807,  1.  Assoc.  Ref.  Presbyt.,  N.Y.,  1807;    Assistant  Prof, 
of  Bib.  Lit.  in  Dr.  Mason's  Sem.   1809-18,  supplied  South  Dutch.  Gar- 
den  St.,   N.Y.C.,    1811-12,   pastor   of    South   Dutch,    1812-40,   Chancellor 
of  University,  1831-9.     Lecturing  on  religious  and  educational  subjects, 
d.  1870.     D.D. 
Dr.  Mathews  ranked  among  the  most  acceptable  and  impressive  preachers 
of  his  day.     He  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  founding  of  the  University  of 
New  York,  and  was  chosen  its  first  Chancellor.     His  interest  in  its  welfare 
and  the   sacrifice   he   made   to   promote   its   prosperity   are   important   points 
in  its  history  and  were  warmly  appreciated  by  his  co-laborers. 

He  was  in  public  life  for  more  than  sixty  years  and  all  that  time  he  served 
God  and  his  generation  with  the  full  use  of  his  many  talents. 
See  Manual,   1902. 

Publications:  "The  Religious  Influence  of  Mothers."  "The  Adorable 
Saviour."  "Critical  Periods  in  the  Sinner's  Life."  All  three  in  "Nat. 
Preacher."  1836. — "What  is  Your  Life"?  A  ser.  on  the  loss  of  Lexington. 
1840. — "The  Bible  and  Men  of  Learning,"  pp.  392.  1855. — "The  Bible  and 
Civil  Government,"  pp.  268.  1858. — "Fifty  Years  in  N.Y."  1858. — Ar- 
ticles in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Revs.  Ch.  Bork,  J.  M.  Bradford,  Alex. 
Gunn.  Wm.  McMurray,  P.  N.  Strong. 
Matthews,    Algernon,    b.    in    Isle    Guernsey.    1841  ;     Elizabeth    Coll..    Ger- 


THE    MINISTRY  417 

many;    N.B.S.  75,  He.  N.  CI.  L.I.;    Jersey  City  Heights,  75,  Manheitn, 
76-9.     Dismissed   to  the   Presbyt.  of    Kingston,   Canada. 
Mattice,  Ab.,  b.  in  Schoharie,  N.Y..  Aug.  16,  1833.     R.C.  58,  N.B.S.  62,  lie. 
and  ord.  as  an  evangeHst  by  CI.   Schoharie,  62;    Miss,  to  Kewascum, 
Wis.,  62-4,   Eden,  64-6,   Prof,  of   Ancient   Langs,  and   Mathematics,   in 
Riverside    Seminary,    Germantown,    N.Y.,    67-9,    Principal    of    Hudson 
(N.Y.)    Academy,   69-73,    Principal   of    Fort    Plain    Female    Collegiate 
Institute,    N.Y..    73-9,    Principal    of    Seymour    Smith    Academy,    Pine 
Plains,   Dutchess   Co.,   N.Y..   79-96,   Montville,   96-1901.     Ass.    Newark, 
Clinton  Ave.,   1901-04.     d.  Dec.  26,  1904.     Min.  Gen.   Syn.,  1905,  280. 
Mattice,  Henrv,  b.  in  Schoharie  Co.,  N.Y.,  Aug.  16,  1822;    lie.  (N.S.)  Presb. 
Kansas,    61;     ord.      (O.S.)    Presb.    Kaskaski    (III.)    Ap.    68;     (Miss. 
A.S.S.U.  in  Kansas,  59-54).     Agent  U.S.  Ch.  Com.,  64-66,  S.S.  Mis- 
sions, and  Agent   Y.M.C.A.,   St.   Louis,   Mo.,  67-68,   supplied   Trenton, 
III.,    67-68,    Missionary,    Howard    Miss.,    N.Y.C.,    69;     supplied    West 
New  Hempstead,  69-71,  reed,  by  letter 'in  CI.  Paramus,  Ap.  71;    Assist. 
Sup.    House   of    Industry,   and   Miss.    Pastor,   Calvary   Chapel,    N.Y.C., 
71-73;    pastor.  Palisades.  73-78,  Jersey  City,  Free  Ch.,  Morgan  St.,  Miss. 
Jan.   79-88,   Unionville,   88-89,   Hoboken.  89-95.     Died  Aug.   12,   1897. 
Always  much  interested  in  Sunday  School  Work,  he  actually  took  charge 
of  the   Sunday   School  at  his  home,  before  making  a  profession.     He  was 
subsequently   sent   West  by  a  church  in   Albany,   N.Y.,  and  he  established, 
chiefly   in   Kansas,   about    150   Sunday   schools.     He   many   times    rode    100 
miles  on   horseback  to  attend  a  convention.     Many   important   churches   in 
Kansas  have  grown  out  of  his  work.     He  established  the  first  Italian  Mis- 
sion  in   New   York   City.      In    Hoboken,    his   church   was   burned,   and    his 
efforts  secured  a  new  edifice — a  monument  of  his  zeal  and  energy,  but  at 
the  cost  of  his  health.     His  life  was  full  of  change,  but  always  along  the 
line  of  consecrated  Christian  service.     He  was  made  a  prisoner  in  the  Civil 
War  by  a  guerilla  leader,  Quantral.  but  at  once  released,  when  his  mission 
was  understood. — "Mints  o'f  Gen.  Syn.."  1898,  2t,2. 
Matzke,    Herman,   came    from   Germanv,    1878;     Silver   Creek,    111.,    (Ger.) 

1878-1887;    d.   Ap.   9.— "Mints   Gen.   Syn.,"   1887,  436. 
May,  Edward  H.,  b.  at  Lynn,  Norfolk,  Eng.,  Jan.  28,  1795 ;    Hoxton  Coll. 
and  Sem.,  London,  Eng.,  1815,   (Bary  Lane,  1815-..,  Rochford,  Essex, 
Croydon,   Surrey ) ,   Northumberland,  35-6,   Northum- 
berland  and    Schuylerville,   36-9,    Twenty-first    St.,    N.Y.C.,   39-48,    Sec. 
Pa.  Col.  Soc.  1848-9,  Sec.  Pa.  Seamen's  Friends'  Soc,  1849-57,  d.  1858. 
Mr.  May  was  widely  known  and  esteenied  as  a  man,  a  Christian  and  a 
minister.     He  was  a  man  of   frank,  cheerful  disposition,   from  whose  well 
stored  mind  continually  bubbled  up  instruction  and  pleasure   for  the  large 
circle  of  his  acquaintances.     See  Alanual,   1902. 

Ma3or,  J.  L.,  (French  Refd.),  b.  Nimes,  France.     He  went  to  Am?terdam, 
and  the  Consistory  of  the  Walloon  Church  there,  engaged  his  services 
for  New  York.    He  arrived  on  July  27,  1754.    New  York,  Aug.  4,  1754- 
Ap.  1764;    went  to  London.     Chaplain  of  the  French  Hospital,  London, 
for  many  years. 
The  historian   Smith  says  of   him:    "He  bears  an  irreproachable  charac- 
ter,   is    very    intent    upon    his    studies,    preaches    moderate    Calvinism,    and 
speaks  with  propriety,  both  of  iironunciation  and   gesture."     He  was  very 
zealous  and  energetic.     The  Register  which  he  kept  indicates  a  high  sense 
of    his   responsibility.      He   also   administered   the   sacrament    four   times    a 
year  at   New    Rochelle,   the   dissenting   congregation   of   which   place,    since 
the  death  of  Mr.  Rou,  had  become  a  simple  "annex"  of  the  French  Church 
of  New  York.     He  won  the  esteem  and  love  of  the  people,  but  his  efforts 
to  resuscitate  the  French  Church  were  not  successful.     He  offered  to  re- 
main, after  his  resignation,  if  the  church  would  conform  to  the  Church  of 
England.     New  Rochelle  and  other  French  churches  had  done  so,  but  this 
church   refused.      During   his    ministry    this    church    adopted,    in    1755,    the 


4l8  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

version  of   1724  of   the   French   Bible — "The   Holy   Bible   of   Geneva,   with 

Reflections."     In   1763  they  adopted  a  new   French  version  of   the   Psalms. 

Mayou,  Joseph,  b.  at  Birmingham,  Eng.,  April  29,  1829;  R.C.  55,  N.B.S.  58, 
lie.  and  ord.  CI.  Schoharie.  Missionary  to  India  1858-70.  Somerset, 
Kansas,  72-6,  (La  Cygne,  Kan.,  Presb.  77-9,  Garnett,  Kan.,  79-80,  High- 
land,  Kan.,   1881- .     Served  Protestant  Episcopal   Church   1893-1903. 

d.  Aug.  18. 

Mead,  Corn  S.,  b.  West  Charlton,  N.Y.,  1818;  U.C.  41,  Aub.  S.  44,  1. 
Presbyt.  of  Cayuga,  44;  Rotterdam,  ist,  44-9,  Herkimer  Village,  49-59, 
Chatham,  59-70,  w.  c.  Prin.  Spencertown  Academy  one  year ;  supply- 
ing churches^ — Ghent,  Stuyvesant  Falls,  New  Concord,  etc.     d.  June  26, 

1879. 
Mead,  Elias,  b.  Chesterville.  N.Y.;    R.C.  68,   N.B.S.  70,  lie.   CI.   Schenec- 
tady;   Coeymans,  70-3,  Keyport,  73-90,  S.S.,  North  Paterson,  1901,  S.S., 
Bushwick,  1904-05  and  1907-08.    d.  Dec.  20,  1919.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn., 

1920,  2"/^. 

Mead,  Peter  Francis,  b.  Bloomingdale,  N.  J.,  Jan.  13,  1862.  Chicago,  III., 
1888.  Drew  Theo.  Sem.  1891,  1.  by  Newark  M.E.  Conference.  (M.E. 
pastorates,  1890-1908).  (Presbyterian  Lackawanna.  Wilkesboro,  1908- 
13.  Marksboro,  N.  J.,  1913-18).  Accord,  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  1918-20. 
Ph.D.  by  University  of  Chicago. 
Medd,  Thomas  Hogett,  b.  Yorkshire,  Eng.,  April  30,  1868;  Ursinus  Col. 
1892.  P.S.  1895.  Pastorates  in  Pres.  Ch.  1895-1902.  P.G.  N.B.S. 
1902-03.  Bethany,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1904-05.  d.  April  8.  Min.  Gen. 
Syn.,  1905,  282. 
Meeker,  Edward  J.,  b.  Succasunna,  N.J.,  Aug.  8,  1867;  R.C.  96,  N.B.S.  99, 
1.  CI.  N.B.,  Mohawk,  1899-1903.  Also  Fort  Herkimer,  1900-1903, 
Highland  Park,  N.B.,  N.  J.,  1903-08,  Glen,  N.  Y.,  1910-14;   also  Auries- 

ville,    N.    Y.,    1909-14,    Lodi,    N.    Y.,    1914-20.      Episcopalian,    1920 . 

Returned  to  Reformed  Church,  1921. 
Meeker,  Stephen  H.,  b.  at  Elizabethtown,  N.J.,  Oct.   17,   1799;    C.C.   1821, 
N.B.S.  24,  1.  CI.  N.B.;    Bushwick,  25-30,  Jersey  City,  Ap.-Oct.  30,  Bush- 
wick, 30-76,  d.  Feb.  I. 
He  was  preparing  the  materials   for  his  fifty-first  anniversary  discourse 
when  he  was  translated.     In  forty  years  he  had  been  absent  from  his  pulpit 
on  account  of   sickness  but   a   single   sabbath,   so  hale  and   hearty   was   his 
vigor,  even  down  to  his  last  days.     He  organized  the   first   Sunday-school 
within  the  present  limits  of   Brooklyn.     To  four  generations  of   parishion- 
ers  he  broke  the  bread  of   heaven.     His  church  was  a  goodly   mother  of 
churches.      His    ministry    was    calm,    earnest,    and    fruitful.      His    personal 
character  and  piety  commanded  universal  regard  among  the  people  before 
whom  he  went  in  and  out  daily  for  half  a  century.     And  we  may  truly  say 
of  him  what  is  written  of  Enoch :    "Before  his  translation  he  had  this  tes- 
timony, that  he  pleased  God." — "Ch.  Int.,"  Feb.  10,  1876. 
Meengs,  John  Gerhardus,  b.   Geesteren,   Prov.  of   Gelderland,   Neths.,   Sept. 
28,  1873;    H.C.  98,  N.B.S.  1901,  lie.  CI.  Saratoga;    Missionary  in  Okla- 
homa, summers  of   1900,   1901 ;    West  Troy,   South,   1901-1904,  Albany, 

3d,  N.  Y.,  1904-07.     Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  2d,   1907 

Meengs,  Philip  G.,  b.  Geesteren,  Neth..  July  16,  1878.  Student  H.C.  W.T.S. 
IQ08.  1.  by  CI.  Michigan.  Moody  Bible  Int.  Holland,  Mich.,  Ebenezer, 
1908-11,  Prairie  City,  la.,  1911-17.  Classical  Missionary  CI.  Mich., 
1917-18.  d.  Dec.  17.  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1919,  921. 
Meengs,  Raymond  D.,  b.  Aug.  14,  1888.  Cedar  Grove,  Wis.  H.C.  191 1. 
W.T.S.   1915.     1.  by  CI.  Wis.   1915.     Hamilton,  Mich.,  Am.  Ref.,   1915- 

20,  Kalamazoo,  North  Park  St.,  192c 

Meerwein,  Otto,  b.  Berlin,  Germany,  Jan.  19,  1840;  Frederick  William's 
College,  University  of  Berlin,  62,  U.S.  1868,  1.  by  3d  Presbyt.  N.Y.  68; 
Philadelphia,  5th,  (at  Kensington),  1868-70,  Lutheran.  See  U.S.  Gen. 
Cat. 


THE   MINISTRY  419 

Meeter,   John,   b.   Chicago,   111.,   Jan.  21,    1880.     Yankton   Col,   Calvin   Col. 
W.T.S.  1912.     1.  by  CI.  G.R.    Decatur,  Mich.,  1912-14;    Holland,  Mich., 
Ebenezer,  1914.     d.  Nov.  3.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1915.  596. 
Megapolensis,  Johannes,  born  1601  ;    studied  in  Roman  Catholic  institutions, 
especially  at   Cologne;    converted  to   Protestantism   at   the  age   of   23; 
(1624)  ;     pastor   at   Wieringerwood,    1633-38,    at    Schoorel    and    Berge, 
1638-42,  c.  to  America,   Rensselaerswyck,   (Albany),   1642-9,   New  Am- 
sterdam, 1649-70,  d.  Jan.  24.     Also  assisted  Polhemus  at  Flatbush  and 
Flatlands,  1664-70. 
While  John   Cornelius   Backerus  was  undergoing  successive  examinations 
by  the  Classis   of   Amsterdam,   he   informed  the   Classis,    (Nov.    19,    1641), 
that  there  were  certain  ministers  in  the  Classis  of  Alkmaar  who  were  not 
averse  to   going  to  the   East   or   West   Indies,  on   good   conditions.     These 
were   the   minister  at    Schoorel   and   the   minister   at    Koedyk.      He   was   at 
once  requested  to  invite  these  ministers  to  visit  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam. 
("Mints,  of   the   Deputies,"   xx,   62-3).     On   Mar.   6,    1642,   a   contract   was 
entered    into    between     Patroon    Van     Rensselaer    and     Domine    Johannes 
Megapolensis,  one  of  these  ministers,  to  serve  at   Rensselaerswyck  for  six 
years.     He  is  called  in  said  contract  minister  of  the  churches  of   Schoorel 
and  Borge.     He  was  said  to  be  39  years  old,  had  a  wife  and  four  children, 
all  under  fourteen  years  of  age.     His  salary  was  to  commence  as  soon  as 
he   reached   his  field;    the   Patroon   would   pay  all   expenses  of   their   jour- 
ney and  make   him  a  present  of   300  guilders    ($120).      If   they   should  be 
captured  by  the  Dunkirkers,  the  Patroon  would  seek  to  ransom  them,  and 
forward  them  on  their  voyage,  and  pay  them  40  guilders  per  month   ($16) 
during  their  detention.     The   Patroon  would  also  build  him  a  house  in  his 
colony ;   and  besides   preaching  to  the   Dutch,  he  was  to   seek  to  edify  the 
Indians.     The  patroon  would  pay  him  yearly,  1,000  guilders,   ($400),  which 
would  enable   him  to   maintain   his    family   honorably,   without   tilling   land, 
engaging  in  commerce,  or  rearing  cattle.     This  was  to  be  paid  in  provisions, 
clothing,  and  such  like,  besides  a  yearly  present  of  30  bushels  of  wheat  and 
two  firkins  of  butter,  or  60  guilders   ($24)   worth  of  other  things.     In  case 
of  his  decease,  the  Patroon  would  pay  his  widow  the  half  year's  salary  on 
which  he  had  entered  and  100  guilders   ($40)   per  year  until  the  expiration 
of  the  six  years'  contract.     He  was  also  to  befriend  and  serve  the  patroon 
in    every   way    possible. 

The  Patroon  then,  (Mac.  17,  1642),  sought  the  approbation  of  the  call  by 
the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  (Mints,  of  CI.,  iv.,  249).  This  was  done  on  the 
following  day  by  the  Deputies.  (Mints.  Deputies,  xx.  70).  The  ecclesias- 
tical call  is  dated  March  22.  It  refers  to  the  door  opened  in  the  East  and 
West  Indies  for  the  preaching  of  the  Gospel,  and  of  the  benefits  thus  al- 
ready secured ;  that  Kilian  Van  Rensselaer  had  founded  a  colony  on  the 
North  River,  of  which  he  was  Patroon,  and  would  fain  have  a  good 
preacher  there;  that  Domine  Johannes  Megapolensis,  Jr.,  pastor  at  Schoorel 
and  Berge  had  been  called  "to  preach  God's  Word  in  the  said  Colony,  to 
administer  the  Holy  Sacraments  of  baptism  and  the  Lord's  Supper;  to  set 
a  Christian  example  to  the  congregation,  by  public  precept ;  to  ordain  elders 
and  deacons,  according  to  the  form  of  the  holy  Apostle  Paul,  I.  Tim.  iii. 
and  V.  I ;  and  by  the  advice  and  assistance  of  the  same,  to  keep  and  govern 
God's  church  in  good  discipline  and  order,  all  according  to  God's  Holy 
Word,  and  in  conformity  with  the  government,  confession,  and  catechism 
of  the  Netherland  churches,  and  the  Synodical  Acts  of  Dort,  subscribed 
by  him,  to  this  end,  with  his  own  hand,  and  promised  in  the  presence  of 
God  at  his  ordination" ;  .  .  .  "May  the  Almighty  God.  who  hath  called 
him  to  this  ministry,  and  instilled  this  good  zeal  in  his  heart,  to  proclaim 
Christ  to  Christians  and  heathens  in  such  distant  lands,  strengthen  him 
more  and  more,  in  this,  bis  undertaking ;  enrich  him  with  all  sorts  of  spir- 
itual gifts,  and  bless  overflowingly  his  faithful  labors;  and  when  the  Chief 
Shepherd,  Christ  Jesus,  shall  ai)pear,  present  him  with  the  imperishable 
crown  of  eternal  glory.     Amen." 


420       •  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

This  was  signed  by  the  officers  of  Classis.  and  an  elder  of  Classis,  Jonas 
Abeels,  and  by  two  directors  of  the  West  India  Co.    "Mints.  CI.,"  iv.,  249. 

On  April  8,  a  committee  of  the  Deputies  reports,  that  they  had  been  be- 
fore the  Consistory  of  Schoorel,  and  the  Classis  of  Alkmaar,  and  secured 
the  dismissal  of  Megapolensis.  "Acts  of  Deputies."  xx.,  72.  The  Deputies 
reported  this  to  the  Classis  on  June  2.  "Mints.  Classis,"  iv.,  258.  "Ex- 
tracts," xxxix.,  107. 

On  Ap.  22,  1642,  the  Classis.  wrote  to  the  Consistory  of  New  Amsterdam 
about  various  matters.  Among  other  things  we  read : — "There  is  also  to 
be  sent  to  New  Netherland,  notwithstanding  a  verbal  protest,  to  wit,  to 
Rensselaerswyck,  a  certain  minister  of  the  name  of  John  Megapolensis, 
who  has  been  in  the  ministry  in  this  country  for  a  long  time  already,  (since 
1634),  with  whom  .  .  .  Rev.  Bogardus  and  his  entire  Consistory  are 
admonished  and  exhorted,  to  hold  correspondence  and  communion,  so  far 
at  least  as  the  circumstances  and  the  place  permit ;  and  thus  with  united 
hands,  to  proclaim  the  Word  of  the  Lord,  not  only  among  our  own  nation- 
ality, but  also  among  the  blind  heathen  in  America." 

The  Patroon  provided  Megapolensis  with  a  Library,  consisting  of  17  sets 
of  works,  Classical,  Theological,  Geographical,  and  Philosophical  (See 
list  and  remarks  on  the  same  by  Dr.  T.  Romeyn  Beck,  in  O'Callaghan,  i. 
454-5).  He  sailed  about  June  6,  1642,  and  arriv^ed  in  August  with  a  num- 
ber of  emigrants.  According  to  his  own  statements,  he  was  57  years  old 
in  1658,  when  he  wrote  to  Father  Le  Moyne.  This  does  not  agree  with  the 
former  statement  that  he  was  39  in  1642,  as  mentioned  in  the  contract  with 
Van  Rensselaer. 

It  has  been  said  that  he  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  Johannes  Megapolensis, 
Sr.,  of  Kordyk,  Hoi.  This  appears  to  be  impossible.  It  is  probably  that  the 
name  of  the  younger  man  was  originally  Grootstadt  and  that  he  assumed 
the  name  Megapolensis  when  disinherited  by  his  own  family  in  honor  of  his 
patron   who   was   perhaps   his   spiritual   father. 

Megapolensis  soon  exerted  a  visible  influence  in  restraining  the  immoral- 
ities of  frontier  life.  He  was  instrumental  in  saving  Father  Jogues,  a  Jesuit 
missionary  from  the  extremity  of  torture  and  probable  death  at  the  hands  of 
the  Mohawk  Indians.  Father  Jogues  had  been  captured  while  ascending 
the  St.  Lawrence.  The  Dutch  at  once  sought  to  ransom  him,  but  were  re- 
fused. At  first  the  Indians  despised  the  zeal  of  Jogues ;  but  after  some 
months  they  began  to  listen  to  his  teachings,  and  a  few  were  baptized. 
They  took  him  with  them  to  Fort  Orange.  While  there,  a  report  was  re- 
ceived that  the  French  had  defeated  the  Mohawks,  and  the  Dutch  com- 
mander advised  the  missionary  not  to  risk  their  vengeance  by  returning, 
but  now  to  effect  his  escape.  He  remained  in  close  concealment  for  six 
weeks.  Domine  Megapolensis  was  his  constant -friend,  and  saw  him  safely 
embarked  for  New  Amsterdam,  whence  he  proceeded  to  Europe.  He  sub- 
sequently returnd  to  Canada  and  visited  the  Mohawks,  by  whom  he  was 
put. to  death.  In  1644  Father  Bressani  was  also  rescued  from  the  Indians 
by  the  Dutch  and  treated  with  great  kindness.  Gov.  Kieft  gave  him  a  letter 
of  safe  conduct.  Similar  kindness  was  shown  to  Father  Poncet  when  in 
trouble. 

Megapolensis  also  learned  the  heavy  language  of  the  Mohawks,  so  as  to 
be  able  to  preach  to  them  fluently.  A  number  of  them  united  with  his 
church  in  Albany.  He  was  the  first  Protestant  missionary  to  the  Indians, 
preceding  by  several  years  John  Eliot,  in  New  England.  Stopping  at  New 
Amsterdam  on  his  way  back  to  Europe,  he  was  prevailed  on  by  Governor 
Stuyvesant  to  remain  there,  that  that  colony  might  not  be  left  destitute  of 
ministerial  service,  Backerus  having  just  left.  While  here  he  exhibited 
an  intolerant  spirit  toward  the  Lutherans  and  Independents.  The  West 
India  Company  enjoined  him  not  to  be. too  precise  on  indifferent  matters, 
which  rather  tended  to  create  schism  than  to  edify  the  flock.  (Drisius). 
In  1658,  he  was  visited  by  Father  Le  Moyne,  a  Jesuit,  who  spent  the  winter 
in  New  Netherlands.    A  friendship  grew  up  between  them. 


THE    MINISTRY  421 

Megapolensis  got  into  not  a  little  difficulty  with  the  West  India  Com- 
pany because  of  the  part  he  took  at  the  English  conquest  of  the  country. 
To  prevent  effusion  of  blood,  as  they  had  no  adequate  means  of  defense, 
he  strongly  advised  Stuyvesant  to  surrender  when  the  English  demanded 
it,  in  1664.  He  was  a  man  of  thorough  scholarship,  energetic  character, 
and  devoted  piety.  He  saw  the  infancy  of  the  Dutch  province,  watched  its 
growth,  and  saw  its  surrender.  The  original  form  of  the  family  name  was 
Van  Mekelenburg,  which  was  Hellenized  into  Megapolensis  when  his  spirit- 
ual father  came  into  Holland,  becoming  minister  at  P^gmont  on  the  sea, 
and  afterward  at  Koedvck  and  Pancras,  in  North  Holland. 

Ecc.  Rec.  N.  V.,  many  letters.  "Col.  Hist.,  N.Y.,"  i.  431.  496,  505;  ii-  455, 
473.  509,  722,  726;  iii.  76,  250;  xiii.  423.  "Doc.  Hist.,"  iii.  69.  Call  and  con- 
tract at  Albany,  printed  in  "Mun.seH's  Annals"  i.  92-4,  and  "O'Callaghan's 
New  Netherland,"  i.  448-4SO.  Sketch  of,  by  J.  R.  Brodhead,  in  "Hist. 
Soc.  Coll.,"  1857,  139.  Sketch  of,  by  Dr.  Thos.  De  Witt,  in  "Sprague's 
Annals."  "Brodhead's  Hist,  of  N.Y.,"  vol.  i.  See  Index.  "Rogers'  Hist. 
Dis.,"  1857.  "McClintock's  Cyc."  Also  Archbishop  Bayley's  "Hist.  Cath. 
Ch.  of  N.Y.,"  14-21.  25.  "Charlevoix,"  i.  634.  "Shea's  ed.  of  Charlevoix," 
ii.  138.  "Jesuits'  Relation,"  1642-3,  p.  243.  "Doct.  Hist.,  N.Y.,"  iv.  14, 
.-0.    Manual,  1902. 

PuBLic..\Tioxs :  Ecn  Kort  ontwerp  van  de  Mahakavase  (Mohawk)  In- 
dianen,  haer  landt,  tale,  statuere.  dracht.  godes-dienst.  ende  magistrature. 
Aldus  beschreven  ende  nu  Kortelijck  den  26  Augusti,  1644,  opgesonden  uit 
Nieuw  Neder  Lant.  Door  J.  M.  Juniorem.  Predikant  aldaar.  Alitsgaders 
een  kort  verhaal  van  het  leven  ende  statuere  der  Stapongers  in  Brasiel. 
t'Alckmaer.  by  Ysbr.  Jansz.  v.  Houten.  8vo,  pp.  32.  (No  date).  With  a 
plate.  Pub.  in  Holland  without  his  consent,  1651.  (A  short  account  of 
the  Mohawk  Indians,  their  country,  language,  figure,  costume,  religion, 
and  government.  Written  and  despatched  from  New  Netherland,  Aug. 
26,  1644.  by  J.  M..  minister  there.  With  a  brief  account  of  the  life  and 
manners  of  the  Stapongers  in  Brazil).  Translations  may  be  found  in 
"Hazard's  State  Papers."  i.  517-526.  and  in  the  Hist.  Collections  of  the 
State  of  N.  Y.,  vol.  iii.  See  "Duyckinck's  Cyc.  Lit.,"  i.  80.— Onderzoeck 
en  belydemis  Ten  behoeve  van  degenen  die  aan  S.  Heeren  avondmaal  men- 
schen  te  gaan.  (Examination  and  Confession  for  the  Benefit  of  those  who 
desire  to  partake  of  the  Lord's  Supper.     1656). 

Megapolensis'  Treatise  on  Popery  or  Answer  to  Father  Le  Moyne,  1658, 
was  not  published  in  the  Ecc.  Recs.  of  N.Y.,  on  account  of  its  polemic 
character.  The  copy  which  he  sent  to  Amsterdam  is  now  in  the  Archives 
of  the  General  Synod.  The  Treatise  has  been  published  in  pamphlet  form 
b}'  the   Collegiate  Church  of   N.   Y. 

Megapolensis.  Samuel,  (son  of  John  Megapolensis),  born  1632  (others  say 
1634,  1641  )  ;  Harvard  Coll.  1653-6.  matriculated  at  Utrecht  Univ.  Sept. 
1656;  lie.  by  CI.  of  Haarlem,  about  1659;  matriculated  at  Leydcn  Univ- 
to  study  Medicine.  Nov.  14,  1661,  (his  age  being  given  as  20)  ;  ord. 
Oct.  3,  1662,  by  CI.  of  Amsterdam;  sailed  for  America,  Jan..  1664, 
New  Amsterdam,  1664-8.  returned  to  Holland;  pastor  at  Wieringer- 
waard  and  South  Zype.  in  N.  Holland.  1670-7.  at  Flushing.  1677-85,  at 
Dordrecht  (the  Scotch  Church).  1685-1700.  emeritus.  Died  1706. 
His  father  writes  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  Sept.  25.  1658: 
"Reverend.   Pious,  and   Learned   Brethren  in   Chri.st : — 

"I  have  a  son  named  Samuel,  now  entering  on  his  twenty-fifth  year.  I 
instructed  him  myself  for  several  years  in  the  Latin  and  Greek  languages. 
I  then  sent  him  to  the  Academy  of  Cambridge,  in  New  England,  where  I 
allowed  him  to  pursue  his  studies  for  three  years  at  my  own  expense. 
When  he  returned  home,  he  was  desirous  of  visiting  one  of  the  universities 
of  the  Fatherland,  and  of  continuing  his  studies  therein.  He  accordingly 
went  over  to  Utrecht,  and  having  letters  to  Domine  Voetius,  he  entered 
the  university  there.     Although  he  is  now  separated  from  me  many  hun- 


422  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

dred  miles,  and  I  remain  ignorant  of  his  progress  in  his  studies,  or  of  his 
deportment  in  Hfe,  nevertheless  as  he  conducted  himself  diligently,  studi- 
ously, and  virtuously  during  his  three  years'  residence  in  New  England, 
according  to  ample  testimonials  given  him,  I  trust  that  as  he  grows  older, 
he  will  not  exhibit  less  industry  in  study,  or  less  excellency  of  conduct  in 
the  University  of  Utrecht ;  and  since  he  is  so  faithfully  attending  to  his 
studies  during  the  year  now  passing,  that  he  will  soon  be  prepared  for  an 
entrance  on  the  Gospel  ministry. 

"At  the  same  time,  owing  to  the  condition  of  the  churches  here,  and  that 
it  is  necessary  tfiat  there  should  be  sent  out  some  English  and  Dutch  preach- 
ers, it  is  my  fraternal  and  submissive  request,  that  when  this  subject  comes 
before  the  Hon.  Directors,  and  the  Rev.  Classis,  that  my  son  Samuel  may 
be  taken  into  consideration.  And  if  he  be  deemed  qualified  for  the  office 
of  the  ministry,  whether  in  Dutch  or  English  towns,  as  he  understands 
and  speaks  the  English  well,  that  he  may  be  sent  over  in  that  capacity. 
As  he  is  my  youngest  son,  and  I  have  been  at  much  expense  for  him,  having 
kept  him  for  three  years  in  New  England,  and  now  he  is  in  the  third  at 
Utrecht,  supporting  him  solely  at  my  own  expense,  I  cherish  a  strong 
desire  to  see  him  again  among  us  before  I  die ;  as  I  expect  that  New 
Netherland,  where  I  have  now  passed  seventeen  years  of  my  ministry, 
will  be  the  place  of  my  burial.  It  will  be  a  great  joy  to  me  to  have  my 
son  return,  qualified  by  God  in  doctrine  and  life,  to  build  up  the  church  in 
this  land.  I  commit  these  matters  to  God's  providence  and  your  kindness. 
May  God  bless  and  strengthen  you  and  myself  in  our  ministries,  to  the 
glory  of  his  name,  the  edification  of  his  church,  and  the  salvation  of  our 
souls.  Yours  affectionately, 

"Johannes  Megapolensis. 

"New  Amsterdam,   in   New   Netherland,   Sept.   25.   1658." 

But  it  was  six  years  after  this  before  he  returned  to  America.  On  May 
30,  1 661,  he  appears  before  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  as  a  theological  can- 
didate, and  asks  to  be  accepted  as  a  "recommended  candidate."  "Good 
testimonials  from  the  Classis  of  Haarlem  having  been  read  concerning 
him,  and  he  having  delivered  a  trial  sermon  before  the  Deputies,  his  re- 
quest was  granted,  after  the  usual  subscription.  He  lives  at  Vianen." 
This  is  in  South  Holland.     "Mints.   CI.  Amst.,"  vi.,  228. 

On  Aug.  21,  1662,  one  of  the  Deputati  informed  the  Classis  that  the  Di- 
rectors of  the  West  India  Company  wanted  another  minister  for  New 
Netherland,  and  that  the  matter  could  not  brook  any  delay.  Three  persons 
were  nominated,  and  Rev.  S.  Megapolensis  was  chosen  by  a  majority  of 
votes.  His  examination  was  fixed  for  Sept.  4,  and  Acts  26. -'17,  18,  was  given 
him  as  a  text  for  a  sermon.  "Mints.  CI.,"  vi.  276.  The  matter  was  sub- 
sequently postponed  until  Oct.  3,  1662.  On  that  day  he  preached  his  ser- 
mon, passed  his  examination,  and  was  ordained.     "Mints.   CI.,"  vi.,  279. 

Nevertheless,  we  find  him  again  matriculating  at  Utrecht  University  in 
1663,- giving  his  residence  as  Holland.  On  June  2,  1663.  we  find  the  Depu- 
tati reporting  to  the  Classis  that  he  asked  the  Directors  of  the  Company, 
through  them,  for  an  increase  of  salary,  since  he  would  have  to  preach 
in  two  languages.  But  the  Classis  would  not  consider  this.  Since  he  was 
also  studying  Medicine,  at  Leyden,  the  Deputati  were  directed  to  call  his 
attention  to  the  resolutions  of  the  Synod  against  the  practice  of  medicine 
by  ministers ;  "and  that,  according  to  his  promise,  he  must  depart  as  soon 
as  possible,  the  sooner  the  better,  to  his  designated  field  of  labor."  "Mints. 
CI.,"  vi.,  308-9.  On  June  25,  the  same  things  were  reiterated  by  Classis. 
He  did  not  sail  until  Jan.  20.   1664.     "Col.  Docs.,"  ii.,  223. 

He  was,  accordingly,  between  eight  and  nine  years  in  Holland,  and  re- 
mained only  four  years  in  America,  when  he  did  return.  On  his  arrival  in 
New   Amsterdam,    Selyns   was   allowed   to    return    to    Holland,   July,    1664. 

But  the  time  of  the  surrender  was  at  hand.  In  August,  he  and  his 
father,    with    many   others,    were    sent    to    meet    Nicholls,    whose    fleet    lay 


THE    MINISTRY  423 

menacing  the  city.  He  was  one  of  the  commissioners  also  appointed  to 
prepare  the  terms  of  surrender.  Probably  it  was  through  his  influence 
that  the  rights  of  the  Reformed  Church  were  so  carefully  guarded.  After- 
ward, in  Holland,  he  labored  in  the  same  church  for  a  time,  (Flushing), 
from  which,  a  century  later,  Laidlie  was  called  to  preach  in  English  in 
New  York.  For  terms  of  surrender,  see  "Brodhead's  N.Y.,"  i.  762;  Ecc. 
Rec.  N.Y.;  "Col.  Hist.,"  i.  496;  ii.  223,  253,  413,  ^22,  736;  iii.  76.  "Balen's 
Description  of  Dordrecht,"  195;  "Steven,  Hist,  of  the  British  chs.  in  the 
Netherlands,"  300,  306;  "Vrolijherd,  Clissingen,  (Flushing)  Kerkhemel," 
150.  151.  328;  "Schotel,  Church  of  Dordrecht,"  Part  I.,  438,  Part  H,  217; 
"O'Callaghan,  New  Netherland,"  i.  439.  "Van  der  Aa's  Biographisch 
Woordenboek." 

Meier,  Jacob,  b.  Newark,  N.  J.,  June  28,  1881.  Academic  Dept.,  Bloom- 
field,  1902.  Sem.,  Bloomfield,  1905.  1.  by  Pres.  of  Newark,  1905.  Elm- 
hurst,  L.  I.,  1905-C7.     (Pres..  2d  German,  New  Orleans,  La.,  1907-09)  ; 

Canarsie,  Brooklyn,  1909 ;    S.S.,  Barren  Island,  1913-16. 

Meinema,  Benj.,  lie.  1727;    Kollum,  Friesland,  17.. -1745,  Poughkeepsie  and 

Fishkill,  1745-56,  d.  1761. 
Mellen,  Henry  Merle,  Woodside,  Newark,  N.J.,  1900-1912. 
Menning,  Gerret,  b.  Alton,   la.,  Aug.  8,    1884.     H.C.    1911.     W.T.S.   1915. 
1.   by  CI.   la.     Westfield,   N.   D.,    1915-17;    Grand   Rapids,   Mich.,  8th, 

1917 . 

Menning,  Seine  J.,  b.  Apeldoorn,  Netherlands,  Dec.  10,  1862;  H.C; 
W.S.  93,  1.  CI.  Iowa ;  Lafayette,  Ind.,  93-4,  Le  Mars,  la.,  94-7,  Church- 
ville,   Minn.,   1897-1902.     Ada,   Mich.,   1903-06,   Muscatine,   la.,   1906-11, 

Portage,  Mich.,  191 1 -16,  Archer,  la.,  1916-19,  Rock  Rapids,  la.,  1919 

Publications:    Articles  for  Dutch  and  American  press. 
Merlo,  Samuel  S.     White  School  of  the  Bible,  1915.     Missionary  to  Italian, 
Hackensack,   1912-15,  Hackensack,  N.  J.,  Italian,  1915-17.     (Presbytery 
of  Wilmerding,  Pa.,  1^917. 
Merrill,  Franklin,  b.  Chesterfield,  N.Y.,  Mar.  22.  1818;    P.S.  43,  ord.  Presb. 
L.I..  Nov.  8,  49;     (Raynor,   South  Ch.,  N.Y.,  49-53,   Stillwater,   N.Y., 
1853-8),  Saratoga,   1858-61,  d.  Ap.   i.     See  Manual  of   1879. 
Merritt,  William  B.,  b.  at  Kingston,  N.Y..  Ap.  4.  1836;    R.C.  62,  N.B.S.  65, 
1.  CI.  N.Y.;    Flatbush,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  65-73,  New  York  City,  Union 
Ch.   Sixth  av.,  1873-9,  d-  Sept.  2. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:    Memorial  Ser.  on  "Death  of  J.  Judson  Buck." — Address 
on  "Agriculture." — Disc,  at  Fun.  of   "Rev.  L.  H.  Van   Doren." 
Mershon.  Albert  Lincoln,  b.  Newark,  N.J.,  1866;    C.N.J.  87,  P.S.  92;  Bound 

Brook,  93-5,  Annandale,  95-8;   (Presbyt.).     See  "P.S.  Gen.  Cat." 
Mershon,    Stephen   Lyon,  b.   Kentucky,    1827,   C.N.J.   50.    P.S.   53.     Middle- 
bush,  69-74,  d-  Ap.  12.     See  "P.S.  Gen.  Cat."  and  Manual  of  1879. 
Mertz.    John    Ernest,    b.    Feb.    8,    1895,    Linfield,    Pa.      Ursinus    Col.    1914. 
N.B.S.    1917.      1.   by   CI.    Newark    1917.     Freehold,    N.   J.,   2d,    1917-20, 

Deerpark  (Port  Jervis),  N.  Y.,  1920 

Merwin,  M.  T.     S.S.  Gilboa  and  Ephratah,   1862. 

Mesick,  John  F.,  b.  Guilderland,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  June  28,  1813;  R.C.  34, 
N.B.S.  yj,  1.  CI.  Green;  Rochester,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  37-40,  (Harris 
burg,  Ger.  Ref.),  40-55,  Raritan,  2d,  1855-82.  d.  June  30,  1915.  D.D. 
by  R.C.  1855.  LL.D.  by  F.  and  M.  Col.  191 1.  LL.D.  by  R.C.  1913- 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  191 6,  926. 
Dr.  Mesick  served  a  very  honorable  service  in  his  generation,  and  out- 
lived all  his  fellows  in  the  ministry. 

PuBLiCATio.Ns  :  Many  articles  for  various  papers,  magazines,  etc. 
Messier,  Ab.,  b.  at  Whitehouse,  N.J.,  Nov.  15,  1800;  U.C.  21.  N.B.S.  24,  1. 
CI.  N.B.;  Miss,  to  Montville,  Aug.-Nov.  24,  Miss,  to  Ovid.  24.  Ovid, 
25-8.  Miss,  in  North  st..  New  York  City,  28-9,  Pompton  Plains  and 
Montville,  29-32,  Raritan,  ist,  1832-82.  d.  June  12.  D.D.  by  R.C.  1848. 
Elected  a  trustee  of   R.C.   1S45.     President  of  Gen.  Synod,   1S47. 


424  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

He  was  eminent  as  a  man,  a  preacher  and  a  pastor.  He  led  13  young  men 
into  the  ministry  and  organized  seven  churches. 

See  Manual,  1902.  Rev.  Dr.  John  A.  Todd's  "Memorial  Discourse," 
1882,  and  the  local  papers  of  the  day,  as  well  as  the  "Christian  Intelligencer," 
June  and  July,  1882. 

Publications:  "Fruits  of  Early  Piety."  "American  S.S.U."  1838.--- 
"Pastor's  Memorial."  1852. — "Eight  Memorial  Sers.  and  Hist.  Notes  of 
Chs.  in  Somerset  Co.,  N.J."  1873. — "Life  and  Pub.  Services  of  Ex-Gov. 
Vroom."  1874. — "Centennial  Hist,  of  Somerset  Co."  1878. — Ser.  at  Dedi- 
cation of  Ch.  Lodi,  N.Y..  1827.  ("Mag.  R.D.C.,"  ii.  11,  38.' — Address  at 
Laying  Corner-stone  of  Ch.  Raritan,  1835. — Ser.  at  Dedication,  1836. — "St. 
Paul's  Gratitude  to  Onesephorous."  1839. — I'Man  Frail  and  Mortal"  :  Fun. 
Ser.  af  J.  H.  Castner,  1841. — "Domestic  Feeling  in  Our  Church."  1845. — 
"Life  and  Immortality":  Fun.  Ser.  of  Mrs.  Thompson.  1849. — Ser.  at 
Ordination  of  Rev.  J.  Gaston.  1852. — Ser.  at  the  Install,  of  Rev.  John 
Steele.  1853. — "The  End  of  the  Upright"  :  Ser.  at  Fun.  of  Jas.  Campbell. 
1864.- — Ser.  on  "Death  of  Pres.  Lincoln."  1865. — Thanksgiving  Ser.  1868. 
— "The  Hollanders  in  N.J."  1830. — Address  at  Dr.  G.  Ludlow's  Semi- 
centennial. 1871. — Address  at  Fun.  of  Rev.  Van  Liew.  1869. — In  "Som- 
erset Messenger"  the  following:  "Indians  on  the  Raritan";  "Military 
Operations  in  Somerset  Co.  in  Revolution" ;  "Chimney  Rock" ;  "Washing- 
ton Rock";  "Simcoe's  Raid";  "First  Things  in  Old  Somerset." — Serials 
in  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  as  follows :  "The  Christian  Ministry,"  52 
arts.,  1853;  "In  Belgium,", 8  arts.;  of  the  "Rhine  and  Rhineland,"  24  arts.; 
of  the  "Isle  of  Wight,"  12  arts.;  "Reforms  and  Reformers  Before  the  Ref- 
ormation," 33  arts. ;  "Science  and  the  Bible,"  13  arts. — Editorials  in  "Ch. 
Int.,"  1855-61  ;  again,  1870-1. — Arts,  in  "Sprague's  Annals":  "On  Rev.  T.  J. 
Frelinghuysen ;  "On  Rev.  J.  R.  Hardenbergh." — "Reminiscences  of  Dr.  T. 
De  Witt"  in  "De  Witt  Memorial." 

Messier,   Isaac,  b.  Whitehouse,   N.J.,  Aug.  4,   1867;    R.C.  93,   N.B.S.  96,  1. 
CI.   Raritan;    Sharon  Centre,  97-1901,  Ghent,   ist,   1901-1905.     Superin- 
tendent of  Kentucky  Missions  1905-18.     Dis.  to  Pres.  Ch  South,  1919. 
Meulcndyke,   Tosias,  b.   Rochester,   N.Y.,   Feb.   14,   1849;    H.C.  72,,   H.S.  76, 
1.   CI.   Holland;     S.S.   Otley  and   Sand  Ridge,   la.,   77-8,   Danforth,   111., 
79-82,  Holland,  Mich.,   (Ebenezer),  83-4,  Fremont,  Mich.,  85-90,  Clas- 
sical  Missionary  in   Mich.,   90-2,   Waupun,   1892-1902.     Palmyra,   N.Y., 
1902-12.     (Pres.  Huron,  N.  ¥.,  S.S.,  1913-14).     Sodus,  N.  Y.,  1914-16, 
Chicago,   Summit,   1916-19,   Indianapolis,   Ind.,   S.S.,   1919-21. 
Publications  :    Regular  contributor  to  Leader  and  De  Hope. 
Meurv,  Edward  G.  W.,   (son  of  John  Meurv),  b.  Brooklvn,  N.Y.,  Nov.  3, 
1874;    R.C.  98,  N.B.S.  1901,  1.  S.  CI.  Bergen:    N.Y.C.'Ass.  Middle  Col- 
legiate,    1901-03.      Assistant    Pastor,     N.Y.C.     Col.     Knox    Memorial, 

1903 ■      D.D.   by    H.C.    1916.      LL.D.    Central    Col. 

Publications:  Many  articles  in  Int.  A  Brief  History  of  Knox  Mem- 
orial, 1908. 

Aleury,  Emil  A.,    (son  of   John   Meury),  b.   Baltimore,   Md.,  Jan.  4,   1861  ; 
Bloomfield,    Academic    Dept.,    79,    Bloomfield,    Theolog.    Dept.,    83,    lie. 
Presbyt.    Brooklyn,    83;     ord.    S.    CI.    Bergen,    83;     Hudson    City,    2d, 
1883-1911.     d.  March   13.     Also  Chaplain  of   Hudson   Co.,   N.J.,   Insti- 
tutions of   Charities   and   Corrections,  98-1900;     Chaplain   32d   Reg.  of 
Nat.    Guards,   N.Y.,   87-91. 
He  was  recognized  as  the  faithful  and  efficient  pastor  of  a  large  region 
of  the  city.    8.C00  persons  attended  his  funeral.    Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1912,  561. 
Meury,   John    Nicholas,   b.   at    Blanen,    Switzerland,    March   28,    1827.      St. 
Peter's    College,    Rome,    Italy,    1848.      Seminary,    Rome,    Italy,    1851. 
Came  to  America  1857.     1.  Baptist  Missionary  1858.     (Bapt.,  Baltimore, 
Md.,  1860-67).     Melrose,  N.  Y.,  1867-70.     (Pres.,  Hopkins  St.,  Brook- 
lyn, 1870-87.     d.  May  19).     Chaplain  32d  Reg.  of  Nat.  G.  N.  Y.  State, 
1884-87. 


THE    MINISTRY  425 

Meyer,  see  Mver. 

Meyer,  Andrew  John.  b.  Albany.  N.V..  Dec.  16.  1874;  R.C.  97,  N.B.S. 
IQOO.  1.  CI.  Albany.  Montague.  N.J..  1900-1904.  Jersey  City,  Free, 
Grand,    1904-09.     Jersey   City,    ist    (Van    Vorst),    1909-14.      Brooklyn, 

Sonth  Bushwick.  191 4 .     B.D.  U.T.S.   191 5. 

Pl'bluatioxs  :    Contributions  to  the  press. 
Meyer,   Hcrmanus.   b.   in    Bremen.   Germany,   about    1720;     matricr.lated   at 
Groningen  University,  Hoi.,  Sept.  6,  1747,  for  the  study  of  Theology; 
residence,   Bremen;    one  of  the   same  name  and  place,    (probably  the 
same  one),   matriculated   at   Groningen    University,    Sept.    6,    1757.    for 
the  study  of  Theolog;    (another  of  same  name,  matriculated  at  Gron- 
ingen. Sept.   10.   1718.  for  study  of  Theology;    residence  Oldamptinus ; 
this   may   have  been   the   father   of   the   American    Meyer).     Kingston, 
N.Y..    1763-72,   Totowa.    Fairfield,   and    Pompton    Plains,    1772-85,    To- 
towa  and  Pompton  Plains.  1785-91,  d.  Oct.  2~.     Also  Prof,  of  Hebrew, 
1784-91.  and   Lector   in   Theology.   1786-91.     D.D.   by   Q.C.    1789. 
He  was  as  much  distinguished  for  the  warmth  of  his  pietv  and  the  ardor 
of  his  evangelical  preaching  as   for  his  deep  reading  and  learning.     But  a 
few  months'  exercise  of  his  faithful  preaching  made  it  manifest  that  there 
was  a  wide  difference  between  his  sentiments  and  zeal  and  those  to  which 
the   people   of    his   first   charge    had   been    accustomed.      Mancius,    his   pre- 
decessor, had  much  learning  and  ability  for  discussion,  and  could  triumph- 
antly defend  the  doctrines ;    but,  alas !   consciences   slumbered.     Meyer,   on 
the   other    hand,    was   very   practical    and   pointed.      His    preaching    excited 
disgust,  opposition,  and  enmity.     Such  was  the  disposition   in  many  of  the 
early  churches  toward  doctrines  which  they  now  love. 

In  1764,  he  was  compelled  by  the  civil  authorities  to  take  the  oath  of 
allegiance  to  Great  Britain,  renouncing,  as  the  oath  required,  all  allegiance, 
civil  or  ecclesiastical,  to  any  other  power.  This  made  him  feel  that  he  had 
abjured  the  authority  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  though  he  desired  to 
keep  up  brotherly  correspondence.  The  matter  was  so  important  that  it 
liecame  the  subject  of  official  correspondence  by  the  civil  power,  as  it  was 
feared  that  independent  charters  of  non-conforming  churches  might  become 
detrimental  to  the  Fstablished  Church  of  England.  Yet  the  terms  of  sur- 
render in  1664  expressly  guaranteed  to  the  Dutch  freedom  in  all  religious 
matters.  But  the  Ccetus  party  now  took  advantage  of  this  matter  of  the 
oath  to  help  their  cause.  Dr.  Meyer  at  first  indeed  refused  to  take  it,  and 
onh'  on  the  advice  of  Hon.  Wm.  Livingston,  an  eminent  jurist  of  New 
Jersey,  did  he  finally  consent.  This  gave  great  offense  to  his  Consistory, 
who  were  of  the  Conferentie  party. 

At  length  his  marriage  with  one  of  the  families  of  the  Coetus  party  (a 
sister  of  Dr.  Hardenbereh)  formed  division  lines.  The  flames  of  discord 
began  to  spread.  The  Church  was  convulsed.  Certain  Conferentie  minis- 
ters (Rysdyck,  Fryenmoet,  and  Cock)  were  invited  by  his  enemies  to  come 
and  judge  their  affairs,  and.  though  themselves  fighting  against  independent 
judicatories  in  America,  audaciously  took  it  upon  themselves  to  hear  charges 
and  to  suspend  Mr.  Meyer  from  the  ministry,  discharging  his  congregation 
from  their  obligations  to  him.  (1766).  Party  lines  were  formed,  approv- 
ing or  condemning  this  strange  procedure.  Thus  this  excellent  and  exceed- 
ingly useful  man  by  a  faction  was  shut  out  of  his  church.  But  he  continued 
to  preach  for  seven  years  in  private  houses  to  such  as  loved  the  gospel.  The 
Classis  of  Amsterdam  never  lost  confidence  in  his  integrity,  and  at  the 
convention  to  effect  a  union  of  the  parties,  in  1711.  he  was  admitted  to  an 
equal  seat  and  voice  without  hesitation.  But  about  this  time  he  received 
a  call  from  New  Jersey,  wh'ch  he  accepted,  and  his  ministerial  success 
there  was  signally  great.  His  trials  and  afflictions  all  wrought  for  his 
good.  He  became  more  earnest,  and  practical,  and  evangelical,  than  ever. 
He  was  subsequently  honored  by  being  chosen  to  two  professorships  by 
the   Synod.     But  his  old  enemies  at   Kingston   never  became   reconciled  to 


426  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IX   AMERICA 

him.  Yet  the  Consistory  there,  in  1806,  virtually  allowing  the  former 
bad  treatment,  attempted  to  call  his  son-in-law,  Rev.  Jeremiah  Romeyn, 
■though  without  success.  They  also  hoped  in  this  way  to  cover  their  pecun- 
iary obligations  to  Dr.  Meyer,  they  not  having  paid  his  salary  to  him 
for  several  years  before  he  removed  away.  Mr.  Romeyn,  however,  went 
and  preached  for  them  on  the  angels'  song  at  the  birth  of  Christ.  Mr.  Meyer 
was  the  intimate  friend  of  Westerlo,  of  Albany.  The  happiness  of  his 
dying-bed  is  described  in  "Mag.  R.D.C."  ii.  300.  He  possessed  full  assur- 
ance. He  was  a  man  of  great  erudition,  of  a  mild  and  humble  temper, 
polite  and  unaffected  in  his  manners,  and  eminently  pious.  His  great 
humility  prevented  him  from  being  as  generally  useful  as  he  deserved,  but 
those  who  were  acquainted  with  his  worth  esteemed  him  as  one  of  the  best 
of  men. — "Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y.,"  many  letters.  "Doc.  Hist.,"  iii.  599.  "Mag. 
R.D.C,"  ii.  296,  300;  iii.  55,  301,  338.  "Sprague's  Annals."  "McClintock's 
Cyc."  He  left  a  MS.  autobiographv.  Manual,  1902.  See  also  "Centennial 
of  N.B.  Sem.,"  418. 

Meyer,   John    H.     C.C.    1795,   studied   theol.   under   Livingston,   1.   CI.    N.Y. 
1708;     New   Paltz  and   New   Hurley,    1799-1803;     Schenectady,    1803-6, 
also  S.  S.  Niskayuna,  1805.     d.  1806. 
He  was  an  accomplished   scholar,   speaking   with   great   fluency   and   ele- 
gance both  in  Dutch  and  English.     As  a  preacher,  he  was  gifted  and  popu- 
lar, and  was  possessed  of   a   peculiar   unction   in   his  delivery.     He   was  a 
son  of   Hermanns  Meyer. — "Stitt's   Hist.   Ch.   New   Paltz." 
Meyer,  Karl,  b.   in   Hesse»Darmstadt,  Germany,   Oct.   26,    1824;    studied  at 
Gymnasium  of  Werrigorde,  Prussia,  32-8;    at  Royal  Paedigogium.     II- 
feld,  Hanover.  38-43.  University  of  Giessen,  43-6,  University  of  Halle, 
46-7 ;     Theolog.   Sem.   at   Friedberg,   47-8,   ordained.     Assistant   pastor, 
Homberg,  48-54,   also  inspector  of   schools,  48-60;    sole   pastor,   Hom- 
berg,  54-60;    Prof,  of  Ecc.  and  Universal  Hist,  in  a  Bavarian  institu- 
tion  for  training  missionaries,   60-2;    came  to  America. — New   Bruns- 
wick, 3d,  62-4;    Miss,   in  Jersey   City,  64-9,   New   Brunswick,  69-1901. 
d.  Dec.  4.     Prof,  of  Modern  Langs,  in  R.C.  69-1901.     D.D.  by  N.Y.U. 
1869. 
He  was  a  profound  scholar  but  so  quiet  a  man  that  he  w^as  largely  unap- 
preciated. 

See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications  :  "Recollections  of  Rev.  Dr.  Wm.  H.  Campbell,"  in  "Mem- 
orial. 

Meyers,  Ab.  H..  b.  1801  ;  U.C.  27.  N.B.S.  30.  1.  CI.  N.B.;  St.  Jobnsville, 
30-1,  Beaverdam  and  Berne,  31-5.  Belleville,  35-7,  St.  Johnsville,  37-44, 
S.S.  Berne  and  Schaghticoke.  44-8,  Manheim.  48-52,  Glenville,  ist, 
52-4,  North  Esopus,  55-6,  Germantown,  56-62.  S.S.  at  Esopus,  62-5, 
Saddle  River,  66-72.  Easton.  N.Y.,  72-5.  Linlithgo  (Livingston- Ch.) 
75-8,  emeritus.  Died  1886,  Mar.  9. 
Michael,  Daniel.     R.C.  1833.  N.B.S.  36.  1.  CI.  Montgomery;    Domestic  Miss. 

at  Redford.  Mich..  1836-47,  d.  1865. 
Michaelius,   Jonas,   b.    1584,   educated   at   University   of   Leyden,   lie.    16-..; 
(Niewboksw^onde,     1612-14.    Hem,     1614-1624;      St.     Salvador,     1624-5, 
Guinea.  1626-7),  New  Amsterdam,  1628-1632. 
In  1637  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  wished  to  send  him  back  to  America 
but  the  West  India  Company  refused.     In  1641  he  supplied  the  Dutch  Church 
of  Yarmouth.  England.     He  subsequently  settled  in  Zeeland. 

Jonas  Michaelius  was  the  first  minister  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  Amer- 
ica. He  has  taken  this  honor  from  Rev.  E.  Bogardus.  to  whom  it  was  long 
conceded.  Through  the  researches  of  J.  J.  Bodel  Nijenhuis.  a  letter  was 
discovered  in  the  archives  of  The  Hague,  which  brought  these  facts  to  light. 
This  letter  was  transmitted  in  1858  by  Hon.  Henry  C.  Murphy,  the  American 
minister  stationed  at  The  Hague.  '  The  letter  is  dated  New  Amsterdam, 
August   nth,    1628  and   is   directed   to   Rev.   Adrian   Smoutius.   Amsterdam. 


THE   MINISTRY  4^7 

Another  letter  of  Michaelius  written  three  days  earlier,  August  8th  1628, 
was  addressed  to  Johannes  Foreest  of  Hoorn,  a  man  of  patrician  birth  who 
was  a  member  of  the  West  India  Company.  This  letter  was  preserved  by 
Foreest's  descendants  but  forgotten  until  their  papers  were  sold  m  1902, 
when  it  was  bought  bv  an  American  collector  and  pul)lished  in  1904-  inter- 
est stimulated  by  these  two  letters  of  Michaelius  has  led  to  further  inves- 
tigations and  discoveries.  r  c  ,.  a  ,Ar>r. 
In  the  Catalogue  of  Levden  University  under  date  of  Sept.  6.  1600. 
the  name  of  Joannes  Michaeli  appears  as  having  matriculated  for  the  study 
of  Theologv.  aged  twentv-three  years.  This  person  was  long  supposed  to 
be  the  subject  of  our  sketch.  But  Dr.  A.  Eekhof,  Professor  of  Church 
Historv  in  the  Levden  University,  claims  to  have  proved  that  the  Michaelius, 
who  was  the  f^rst  Dutch  pastor  in  America,  matriculated  on  November 
1 7th  IS98  He  has  also  found  in  the  records  of  the  University  that  Mich- 
aelius was  fifteen  vears  old  on  Feb.  icth.  1599.  He  was  therefore  born  in 
i=;S4  and  not  in  1577.  as  before  supposed.  ,  .  ,  .  k  ki  , 
^The  Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Enkhuysen  by  which  he  was  probably 
licensed  and  ordained  were  destroyed  by  fire  in  1838.  His  name  first  ap- 
pears in  the  Svnod  of  North  Holland  in  1621  as  a  delegate  from  the  Classis 
of   Enkhuysen"  to  the  meeting  of   the   Synod  held  that  year  on   August   24 

^Sn  ^the*^Minutes  of  the  Svnod  of  North  Holland,  held  at  Edam  August 
12,  1625,  among  the  ministerial  changes  it  is  recorded  that  Jonas  Michielse, 
has  removed  from  Hem  to  Brazil,  at  San  Salvador. 

For  information  in  regard  to  his  coming  to  America  and  his  work  there 
we  are  indebted  to  his  letters.  Accompanied  by  his  wife,  children  and  a 
hired  bov  he  sailed  from  Holland  on  January  24.  1628.  and  after  an  unpleas- 
ant vovage  arrived  at  Manhattan.  April  7th.  1628.  Seven  weeks  after  his 
arrival"  his  wife,  to  whom  he  had  been  married  in  161 2,  died,  and  his  exper- 
iences amid  the  rude  life  of  the  wilderness  were  difficult.  Within  a  month 
of  his  arrival  he  organized  the  first  Reformed  Church  in  America— the  Col- 
leo^iate  Dutch  Church  of  New  York.  Michaelius  took  an  interest  in  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  colonv  siding  with  Director  General  Minuit  in  the  disputes 
which  arose  and  thus  bringing  censure,  perhaps  undeserved,  upon  himselt 
He  returned  to  Holland  late  in  1631  or  early  in  1632,  and  reported  himselt 
to  the  Consistorv  of  Amsterdam,  March  4.  1632.  Michaelius  was  also 
examined   soon  after  by  the  West   India   Company   in   regard  to  affairs   in 

New  Netherland.  ,.,-.,■  r  .u     r-i       • 

His  subsequent  movements  are  thus  traced  in  the  Minutes  of  the  Classis 
of  Amsterdam  and  in  the  Archives  of  the  Dutch  Church  of  Austin  Friars, 
London. 

JoHiis    Micluiclitis. 

1637  Sept  7th.  Whereas  the  Messrs.  Directors  of  the  West  Indni  Coiii- 
hattv  request  a  minister  for  Neiv  Netherland:  and  since  Rcz'.  Joivis  Mich- 
aelius is  now  present  here  (in  Holland)  without  a  charge;  the  Brethren 
resolve  that  the  Deputies  on  Indian  Affairs  must  put  forth  every  endeavor 
to  persuade  him  to  the  acceptance  of  this  service.  Having  done  this  they 
will    recommend   him   most    favorably   to   the   Directors,      iv.    103;    also   in 

1617,  Oct.  5th.  The  Brethren,  the  Deputies  on  Indian  Affairs  report, 
that'thcv  had  recommended  and  proposed  Rei:  Jonas  Michaelius  (Do- 
minum  lonam  Michaclium)  to  the  Directors;  but  they  had  finally  given 
as  an  answer,  that  when  thev  had  need  of  him,  they  would  summon  him. 
This  greatlv  displeased  the    (Classical)    Assembly,  iv.   107.    xxxix.  34. 

1637,  Nov.  i6th.  The  case  of  Re7'.  Jonas  MichaHus  and  Peter  Jansz 
Lantman  shall  be  brought  anew  before  the  Directors  by  the  Deputies,  and 
be  earnestly   recommended,    iv.   113.     xxix.   37. 


428  THE    REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

1638,  June  /th.  The  Brethren  Deputati  ad  Res  Indicas  reported  that 
they  had  recommended  to  the  Directors  of  the  West  India  Company,  as 
ministers,  Rc7'.  Jonas  Micliacliiis,  Rev.  Middlchovius,  and  Rcz'.  Peter  Janss. 
Laiitsiiian.  Of  these  three,  Peter  Jans::,  alone  is  accepted,  while  they  give 
little  or  no  hope  to  the  other  two.  It  was  now  resolved  to  ask  for  a  more- 
definite  reply  concerning  the  first  two.   iv.  125.    xxxix.  41. 

1638,  July  5th.  Concerning  the  Rcz's.  Jonas  Michaelius  and  Middcl- 
Iwii-c'iiis,  the  Deputati  ad  Res  Indicas  reported,  that  they  understood  from 
the  Hon.  President  of  the  West  India  Company  that  the  rejection  of  those 
two  individuals  had  been  announced  by  his  Honor,  in  the  name  of  the 
Assembly,  (the  Assembly  of  the  xix,  or  Governing  Board  of  the  West 
India  Company.)   iv.   129.    xxxix.  42. 

This  is  the  last  allusion  in  the  "Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam" 
to  Michaelius.  From  preceding  documents  it  will  be  seen  that  his  father's 
name  was  Joannes,  and  he  was  thus  called,  perhaps,  sometimes,  as  is  prob- 
ably the  case  in  the  "General  Catalogue"  (Album  Studiosorum)  of  Leyden 
University.  He  may  have  had  a  son  Joannes,  unless  the  following  docu- 
ment refers  to  himself.  It  may  possibly  suggest  Zeeland  as  a  place  to  seek 
for  further  light  on  the  subsequent  historv  of  the  first  minister  of  New 
York. 

Rei:  Joannes  Miehielsen. 

On  May  10-20,  1641.  the  Dutch  Church  of  Yarmouth,  England,  wrote 
to  the  Dutch  Church  of  London,  asking  for  some  pecuniary  assistance. 
The}'  had  temporarily  secijred  the  services  of  Rev.  Joannes  Miehielsen, 
through  one  of  their  Elders,  who  had  met  him  in  Zeeland.  Of  this  they 
were  very  glad,  as  they  had  long  been  without  a  minister,  and  they  were 
hungering  for  the  bread  of  life.  This  Miehielsen  had  been  with  them 
about  ten  weeks  to  their  great  edification.  He  was  now  about  to  depart, 
and  they  wished  to  reward  him  for  his  services. 

Archives  of  the  Dutch  Church  of  London,  Document  2610. 

On  Sept.  4-14,  1641,  the  Dutch  Church  at  Maidstone,  England,  wrote 
to  the  Colloque  (Synod)  of  the  Dutch  Churches  in  London,  that  they  were 
about  to  engage  as  their  minister.  Rev.  Joannes  Mijchijlsen,  and  hence  they 
sent  their  elder,  Danneel  Beeckman,  to  confer  with  the  Colloque  on  the 
subject.  Document  2632. 

On  Oct.  2y,  (N.S.  Nov.  6),  1641,  Rev.  Joannes  Alichielsen  wrote  to  the 
Dutch  Church  at  London. 

He  refers  to  the  fact  that  when  traveling  some  weeks  before  to  Yar- 
mouth, by  way  of  London,  he  had  promised  the  Elders  of  the  Dutch  Church 
of  Maidstone  that  he  would  come  to  them,  in  case  he  received  no  sum- 
mons from  Holland;  but  he  had  received  such  a  summons,  and  hence  he 
could  not  fulfill  the  conditional  engagement.  He  was  about  going  to  Zee- 
land.  Document  2640. 

On  Nov.  16-26.  1641.  the  Dutch  Church  of  Maidstone  wrote  to  the 
Dutch  Church  of  London,  asking  for  information  as  to  what  the  Colloque 
of  Dutch  Churches  in  London  had  done.  Mr.  Miehielsen  had  written  them 
that  he  would  come  to  them  in  two  or  three  weeks,  but  two  months  had 
now  passed.  Document   2644. 

From  the  Archives  of  the  Dutch  Church  of  Austin  Friars,  London. 

In  vol.  xxxvii.  which  is  an  Index  to  the  Extracts  about  the  colonial 
churches  in  Vol.  xxxix.  Jonas  Michaelius  is  referred  to  as  "late  minister 
of   Virginia":     meaning,   no   doubt.   New   Netherland. 

See  Rev.  Dr.  Daniel  Van  Pelt's  article  on  Michaelius  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Oct. 
13.  1897. 

For  the  letter  first  discovered  and  fuller  particulars,  see  "Col.  Hist..  N.Y.," 
vol.  ii.  759-770.  This  letter  is  also  printed  in  appendix  to  "Mary  Booth's 
Hist.  N.Y.C." — For  revised  translation,  and  fac-simile  of  original  letter, 
see  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year-Book,"  1895,  142,  1896,  292-308. 


THE    MINISTRY  429 

For  the  letter  more  recently  discovered  in  Manhattan  in  1628  as  described 
in  the  recently  discovered  letter  Jonas  Michaelius.  D.  Versteeg,  New  York, 
1904,  also  see  Van  Rensselaer-Bouvier  Manuscripts,  50-51. 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Middlemas,    Jasper.      (Presbyterian).      Blooming    Grove,    1840-43.      Curry- 
town    and    Mapletown,    1844-7.      S.S.    Salem    and    Berne,    2d,    1848-54. 
Salem,    1854-5. 
Miedema,  William,  b.  Vriesland,  Mich.,  July  23,   1867;    H.C.  93,  VV.S.  90, 
1.  CI.  Holland;    ord.  by  CI.  Dakota;    Centreville.  S.D.,  96-7,   Bushnell, 
111.,   97-1900,   Norwood   Park,    Chicago,    1900-1903,    Constantine,    Mich., 
1 905 -07. 
Miles,  John  B.,  received  from  the  Presbyt.  Ch.  of   Ireland,  as  a  candidate, 

by  the  Classis  of   Ulster,   1799-1801,   dismissed. 
Milledoler,  Philip,  b.  at  Rhinebeck,  Sept.  22,  1775;    C.C.  1793,  studied  under 
Gros,  lie.  and  ordained  by  G.R.  Synod,  1794;   (N.Y.C.,  Nassau,  St.  Ger. 
Ref.  1795-1800,  Philadelphia,  Pine  St.,  Presbyt.  1800-5.  N.Y.C..  Rutgers 
St.    Presbyt.    1805-13),    New    York.      13-25,    Prof.    Theol.    and    Pres. 
Rutgers  College,  at  New   Brunswick,  and   Prof.   Moral    Phil.   25-41,  d. 
1852,  Sept.  22.     S.T.D.  by  U.  Pa.   1805.     Pllected  a  trustee  Q.C.  1815; 
again  R.C.  1833. 
His  parents  were  Swiss  Germans,  coming  from  the  Canton  of  Berne,  and 
settling  in  New  York  in  early  life.     During  the  occupation  of  the  city  by 
the  British,  they  took  up  their  abode   in   Rhinebeck.     They  were  members 
of   the   Nassau    Street    German    Reformed    Church,   and   piously   sought   to 
bring   up   their   children   in   the   fear   of   the    Lord.      They   were   gladdened 
by  the  early  development  of   lovely  piety  in  their   son   Philip.     He   united 
with  the  church  in  very  early  youth,  and  at  once  chose  the  ministry,  and 
was  licensed  in  his  nineteenth  year.     He  soon  became  pastor  of  the  church 
in   which   he   had  been   reared,  preaching  both   in   German   and   in   English. 
Those  early  labors  met  with  great  acceptance,  being  already  characterized 
by   the   rich   spiritual   unction    which   afterward    pervaded    his    prayers   and 
discourses,   while   his   development   of    character   and   conduct   attracted    in- 
terest and  respect. 

While    in    New    York    he    was    .sought    after   by    the    German    Reformed 
Cluirch  to  take  charge  of  their  projected  Seminary  at  Frederick,  Maryland, 
but,    difficulties    springing    up    respecting    the    introduction    of    the    English 
language.  Dr.  Milledoler  was  led  to  decline.     ("Tercent.  Monument,"  548). 
He  succeeded  Dr.  Livingston,  however,  as  Professor  of  Theology,  and  Presi- 
dent of   Rutgers  College,  in  New  Brunswick.     Dr.   C.  C.   Cuyler  gave  him 
the   charge   on   this   occasion.      His   duties   in   this   double   office    were   dis- 
charged with  signal  industry  and  fidelity.     He  was  cordially  catholic  in  his 
spirit,  a  lover  of  good  men.     He  took  an  active  part  in  the  organization  and 
development  of  some  of  the  leading  benevolent  institutions  of  the  day.     He 
was   especially   noted    for   his   peculiar   unction    in   prayer.      He    seemed    to 
carry  his  hearers,  as  it  were,  to  tlie  very  portals  of  heaven.     This  gift  in 
him  was  marvelous. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
PiBLic.ATioNS :    See  Manual,  1902. 
Miller,   Alfred  John,   b.   Troy.   N.   Y.,   July    19,    1896.     Teachers'    College, 
Albany.     Studied  theolo.gy  privately  and  at  Univ.  Chicago.     1.  by  Wes- 
tern N.  Y.  Ass.  Cong.  Chs.     (Cong'.  Ch.,  North  Colline,  1919-20)'  Scho- 
harie, N.  Y.,  1921 .     Americanization  Work.     Director  of  Religious 

Education,   Erie  Co..   N.  Y.     Rural   Survey   for  Erie  Co.     Interchurch 
World   Movement. 
Publications:    Editor  of  Loose  Leaf  Note  Book  on  Religious  Education. 
Miller,  Benj.  Cory,  b.  at  New  Lima,  Ind.,  1850;    R.C.  -jz.  N.B.S.  75,  lie.  CI. 
Newark;    Roxbury,  75-81,  S.S.  Gilboa,  82-5,  Fairfield,  85-6,  Franklin, 
86-9,   Whitehouse.    1890-5.     Became    Methodist. 
Miller.   Charles   S..  b.   Munden.   Germanv.   Nov.   2S,    1855.     N.B.S.    1896-9. 
Methodist. 


430  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Miller,  Edward,  b.  Germantown,  N.  Y.,  Dec.  27,  1829.  R.C.  1857,  N.B.S. 
60,  1.  CI.  Hudson ;  Berne  and  Beaverdam,  60-72,  N.  Blenheim  and 
Breakabin,  72-84.     d.  April   10,  1915.     Min.  Gen.   Syn.,  191S,  607. 

Miller,  Edward  Rothsay,  b.  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  29,  1843;  C.N.J.  67, 
P.S.  70,  post.-grad.  course,  71,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  N.Y.  June  6,  70;  ord.  by 
Prestj.  Jersey  City,  Ap.  16,  "ji;  (Presb.  Miss,  to  Japan,  72-4),  enters 
R.C.A.,  74.  Missionary  in  Japan,  1875-1915.  d.  Aug.  7.  See  Min. 
Gen.  Syn.,  1916,  929.  D.D. 
Publications  :    Trans.   Heidelberg   Catechism   into  Japanese. — Sketch  of 

North  Japan   Mission.^ — Sketch  of   The   Church  of   Christ   in   Japan. 

Miller,  Edward  Waite,  b.  Montgomery,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  29,  1865.  U.C.  1887, 
Auburn  Sem.  1891.  Studied  at  Berlin  University  1897.  1.  by  Prcs.  of 
North  River,  1892.  (Pres.  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  1892-5.  Prof.  Ch.  History 
Auburn  Theo.  Sem.,  1895-1908).  Albany,  N.  Y.,  6th,  1908-12.  Home 
Sec.    Bd.    Foreign    Missions,    R.C. A.,    1913-17.      Locust    Valley,    N.    Y.^ 

1917-21.       (Pres.     Gloversville,    N.    Y.,    Kingsboro    Ave.,     1922 ■). 

D.D.  by  U.C.  1902. 
Publications:    Articles   in   Theological   and   Historical   Magazine.      Life 

and  Writings  of  Wessel  Gansfort,   1917. 

Miller,  George  H.,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Jan.  9,  1864.  Bloomfield  Sem.  1887. 
(Presbyterian,  Brooklyn,  1887-92).  N.Y.C.,  Melrose,  1892-1919.  d. 
March  3.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,   1919,  923. 

Miller,  Henry,  b.  Mar.  16,  1832,  in  Saxony,  Germany;  Gym.  of  Franken- 
berg;    Univ.  of  Leipzig,  55;    tutoring,  55-60;     (Dresden,  Ger.,  60-79), 

c.  to  America,  60;    CaHcoon,  N.Y.,  60-88,  Albany,  4th,  88-1899,  d.  June 
27th.     Ph.D.  Univ.  Leipzig. 

Greatly  beloved  by  his  people,  his  churches  prospered  under  him,  both 
temporally  and  spiritually.  He  was  of  modest  disposition,  of  great  kindli- 
ness of  heart,  and  cordiality  of  manner.  He  possessed  marked  poetical 
talent,  and  many  journals  and  magazines  contain  contributions  from  his 
pen  in  the  German  language.- — "Mints.  Gen.  Svn.,"  1900,  564. 
Miller,  Henry,  b.  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.,  June  'i,  1871.     R.C.   1894.     N.B.S. 

1897.     Teaching. 
Miller,  Isaac  L.  Kip.     R.C.   1840,  student  in  N.B.S.,  d.  Jan.  22,   1845.     See 

sketch  in  Rev.  Dr.  F.  M.  Kip's  "An  Old  Disciple,"  pp.  117-235. 
Miller,    John    Clarence,   b.    Livingston,    N.    Y.,    Aug.    5,    1879.      R.C.    1904, 
N.B.S.  1907.    1.  by  CI.  Bergen.    Assist.  Grove  Ch.,  New  Durham,  N.  J., 
1907-11.     In   charge   of    Wood-Cliff    Chapel,    1907-11.     Woodcliffe-on- 

Hudson,   N.  J.,   1911-21.     Mountain   Lakes,   N.  J.,   1921 

Miller,  John  E.,  b.  in  Albany,  1792;    U.C.  1812,  1.  17;     (Miss,  in  the  South 
and  West,   17-18,  Chester,  N.J.,   18-23),  Tompkinsville,  23-47,  d-     Also 
Chaplain   in   Marine  Hospital,  and  at   Seaman's   Retreat. 
Manual,  1902. 
Miller,  M..  Jersey  City,  ist,  Ger..  1892. 

Miller,  Samuel  D.     Easton,  N.Y.,  1900-1901.     Congregationalist. 
Miller,  Wm.  A.,  b.  Albany,  N.  Y.,  1824;    U.C.  42,  N.B.S.  45,  1.  CI.  Albany; 
Glenham,   46-9,    Prof.    Langs.,   Albany   Acad.,   49-56,   Rhinebeck,    56-9; 

d.  1863.     D.D.  by  R.C.   1862. 

In  every  position  which  he  occupied  he  discharged  his  duties  with  fidelity, 
energy,  and  success.  Gifted  with  a  mind  well  balanced  and  thoroughly 
cultivated,  he  was  qualified  for  widespread  usefulness.  He  was  an  ac- 
curate, well-read  scholar,  and  fully  equal  to  the  standard  of  modern  criti- 
cism. He  was  a  thorough,  analytical,  and  instructive  teacher.  As  a 
preacher,  he  clearly  presented  the  truth,  was  logical  in  his  reasonings,  prac- 
tical in  his  expositions,  and  forcible  in  his  appeals.  As  a  Christian,  he  was 
meek  in  spirit,  ardent  in  piety,  and  earnest  in  his  endeavors  to  secure  the 
salvation  of  souls. — Sketch  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Nov.   19,   1863. 

Publications:  "Lessons  of  the  Atlantic  Telegraph."  1858. — Hist.  For. 
Miss,  in  "Ch.  Int." 


THE    MINISTRY  431 

Miller,  Wm.  H.,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Oct.  i,  1838.  N.B.S.  1861,  1.  N.  CI.  L.I. ;  Al- 
bany, 3d,  1861-3,  Mt.  Pleasant,  5Cth  St.,  N.Y.C.,  1863-4. 
Miller,  Wm.  J.  H.  1.  by  CI.  N.L.I.  Winfield,  L.  I.,  1907-11.  Belleville, 
N.  J.,  1911-14.  Fairfield,  N.  J.,  1916-18.  North  Hackensack,  N.  J., 
1918-20.  Dropped  from  roll,  1920. 
Millett,  Joseph,  b.  Cornwall,  England,  Jan.  16,  1849;  High  School,  Hayle, 
Eng. ;  Penryn.  Wesleyan  Thcolog.  Inst.  1872;  lie.  by  Wesleyan  Meths. 
1865;  (in  Aleth.  Ch.  73-87);  Minisink,  87-90,  Bloomingdale  (Ulster 
Co.),  N.Y.,  1890-1902.  (Presbyterian,  1902-1906).  Gardiner,  N.  Y., 
1906-08,    Esopus,    N.    Y.,    1908-14,    Rosendale    Plains,    N.    Y.,    1914-17, 

Jerusalem  and  Onesquethaw,  N.  Y.,  1917 

Millett.    Samuel.      S.S.    Franklin   Furnace.    1885,   Wurtsboro,   85-91. 

:Milliken,   Peter   Houston,  b.   Crawford,   Orange   Co..   Aug.   21,    1851.   N.Y., 

R.C.    1876,    N.B.S.    79,    lie.    CI.    Orange;     Berea,    79-82,    Paterson,    2d, 

82-88,    Philadelphia,    ist,    1888-1909,    Ass.,    Marble    Col.    Ch.,    N.Y.C., 

1910-17.     Also  S.S.  Windsor  Terrace,  Brooklyn,   1909-11.     S.S.,   Mont- 

clair   Heights.    1917-18.     Ph.D.   by   N.Y.U.    1889.     D.D.  by   R.C.    1899. 

Publications:    Exposition  of   S.S.   Lessons  in  "Ch.  Int.,"   1887. — Many 

contributions  to  "Ch.  Int." 

Milliken,    Richard   Peary,   b lie.   CI.    Orange,    1876;     Grahamville, 

76-83.    (also    S.S.    at    Claraville,    76-83,    and    S.S.    Unionville,    77-83), 
Dashville  Falls,  83-87,  Newark,   (Trinity  Ch.),  87-93,  d-  Aug.   12.     See 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1894,  210. 
Mills,  Augustus  W.     Williamsburgh,   1893-4. 

Mills,  B.  Fav,  (Congregationalist )  ;    Union  V'illage,  N.Y.,  1882-3. 
Mills,  Geo.  'N.Y.C.  (Ger.)    1823-33. 

Alills,  Geo.  A.,  b.  N.Y.C,  Feb..  1839.     R.C.  1863.  N.B.S.  66,  1.  S.Cl.  L.I.; 
Taghkanic.  1866-70,  Castelton.  70-82,  Northumberland,  82-4.     Congrega- 
tionalist. 
Mills,    Samuel    Wickham,   b.    in    Orange    Co..    N.Y.,    April    5.    1820;     R.C. 
38.  N.B.S.  42.  1.  CI.  N.B.;    S.S.  Bloomingburgh.  Oct.  42-3,  May;    pas- 
tor. 43-58,  Deerpark,  58-71.     d.  Nov.  27,  1902.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1874. 
Dr.  Mills  was  a  man  of  charming  personality,  courtly  bearing,  wide  cul- 
ture, broad  sympathies  and  Christ-like  character.     All  the  years  of  his  min- 
istry   were    passed   within    the   bounds   of    the   Classis    of    Orange,   and    he 
thus  became  preeminent  among  his  brethren.     His   historical   studies   made 
him  an  authority  on  local  history  and  his  influence  was  extensive  throughout 
the  region  of   Orange  County.     Min.  Gen.   Syn.,   1903,  522. 

Publications:    "Ref.  D.  Ch.  of  Walpack"  :    a  Hist.  Ser.  at  Dedication 

of  Ch.  Bushkill.  1874.     Ref.  D.  Ch.  Port  Jervis.  1 737-1878;  a  Hist.  Ser.  1878. 

Mill.spaugh.  Alex.  C,  b.  in  Orange  Co.,  N.Y..  1810;    R.C.  38,  N.B.S.  41.  I- 

Cl.   Orange;     Middletown   Village,  41-66,  Jeru.salem  and  Onesquethaw, 

66-72,    Schoharie    Mt.    and    Central    Bridge,    76-78,    Union,    78-85,    d. 

Dec.  3. 

Milne.    Charles,    b.    1820,    R.C.    1842.      N.B.S.    1842-3.      Presbvterian.       d. 

March  21,  1882. 
Minor,    Albert    Dod    (s.    of    John    Minor),    b.    Centreville.    Mich..    Jan.    12, 
1850;    R.C.  76,   studied   theology   privately;     lie.   CI.    Montgomery,   Ap. 
79;     St.   Johnsville.   79-88.   Mohawk,   88-91.   Fort   Herkimer.   88-95.     d. 
Aug.   10.  1910.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,   191 1.  260. 
Minor,    lohn.   b.    Lodi.   N.Y..    Nov.    14,    1814;     R.C.   42,    N.B.S.   45.   1.    CI. 
N.B.,  Miss,  to  Ridgeway,  Mich..  45-8,  to  Centreville,  48-50,  to  Keyport, 
50-1,  Leeds,  51-6.  Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  of  Publication.  57-9.  Flatbush.    (Ulster 
Co.).   59-64.   Glenvillc,    ist.   64-73.    Port   Jack.son.   73-80;     S.S.    (Tranes- 
ville,    79-80.    Manheim.    N.Y..    80-2.    Currytown    and    Mapletown,    82-4, 
Sprakers.  84-5.   Miss,  at  Norwich  and   Litchfield,   Herkimer  Co..   N.Y., 
85-7,    (S.S.    Hillsdale   and    Maiden.    N.Y..   ^:--%.    S.S.    Herkimer,    N.Y.. 
89-90.  d.  Nov.  20. 
See  Manual,  1902. 


43-  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Mitchell,  Charles  B.     Congregationalist.     Fairfield,  N.  J.,  1903-05.     Congre- 
gational, Fairmont,   W.  Va.     D.D. 

Mitchell,  Sam.  S..  b.  1839.  New  York;  C.N.J.  1861.  P.S.  1864;  (Harris- 
burg,  Pa.,  1864-9.  Washington,  D.C.,  N.Y.  Ave.,  1869-78)  ;  Brooklyn 
Heights.  1878-80.    See  "P.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 

Miyaka,  Aragi,  b.  Okayama,  Japan,  Aug.  24,  1865.  Studied  at  Doshisha 
English  School.   1884.     N.B.S.    1888.     Laboring  in  Japan. 

Moelling,  Peter  A.,  Naumberg,  1880-4,  New  Bremen,  1884-7. 

Moerdyk,  James  E.,  b.  Drenthe,  Mich.,  May  2,  1870;  H.C.  97.  N.B.S. 
1900,  1.  CI.  Wisconsin;    Missionary  in  Arabia,  1900 

Moerdyk,  Peter,  b.  in  the  Netherlands,  1845;  H.C.  66,  H.S.  69;  lie.  CI. 
Holland;  Macon  and  South  Macon,  69-71,  Assist.  Prof.  Latin  and 
Greek  in  Hope  Coll.,  71-3,  Grand  Rapids,   ist,  73-92,  Chicago,  Trinity 

Ch.,  1892-1907,  South  Bend,  Ind.,  1908-14.     D.D.  by . 

Publications:    "Hist.  Refd.  Ch.,"  Grand  Rapids,  1880. — Many  contribu- 
tions to  the  press. 

Moerdyk,  Wm.,  b.  Neth.,  Jan.  27.  1843.  H.C.  1866,  H.S.  69;  lie.  CI.  Hol- 
land; Drenthe.  69-72,  Zeeland,  '/2-'/'],  Milwaukee,  77-84,  Holland,  111., 
84-86,  Pella,  la.,  ist,  86-90,  Muskegon,  Mich.,  ist.  90-92,  Kalamazoo, 
Mich.,  3d.  92-4,  Milwaukee.  Wis.,  ist,  94-1900.  Roseland.  ist.  1900-05, 
Zeeland,  2d,  1905-11,  Grandville,  1911-13.  d.  Sept.  17,  1914.  Editorial 
Staff  De  Hope,  Leader,  Heiderswereld.  Member  Council  H.C.  Member 
Bd.  F.M.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1882.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1915,  594. 

Moffett,  Edwin  Oscar,  b.  Westfiel'd,  N.J..  Sept.  29.  1857;  R.C.  82.  N.B.S. 
85,  1.  CI.  N.B.     New   Prospect,   N.Y..    1885-1905,   Central   Bridge  and 

Howe's   Cave,   2d.    1906-12,    Guilderland    Centre,    Helderberg.    1912 

Publications  :    Hist,  of  New  Prospect  Ch..  75th  anniversary.     Hist,  of 

Helderberg  Ch..   150th  anniversary.     Poems,  etc. 

Mohn,  Leopold,  b.  Germany.  Feb.  13,  1833;    from  Evan.  Miss.  Assoc,  Ber- 
lin, 1854;    North  Bergen,  54-7,  Hoboken.  (Ger.).  57-85,  d.  IVIar.  8.   D.D. 
R.C.  1882. 
Publications:    "Offenbarung  und  Wissenschaft."  1880. 

Mohn.  Otto  Leopold  Frederick   (son  of  Leopold  Mohn),  b.  Hobokcn,  N.J., 

Feb.   I,   1874;    R.C.  94,   N.B.S.   97,   1.  CI.   Bergen:    Fairfield,  97-1902, 

.    Greenville,  Jersey  City,  1902-1903.     Assistant,  Marble  Col.  Ch..  N.Y.C., 

1904-06.      (Pres.    Warsaw,    N.    Y.,    1906-11).      Port    Richmond,    S.    L, 

1911 

Mollema,  Bernard,  b  in  Netherlands,  Oct.  3,  1843.  Came  to  America,  1865. 
(Christian  Reformed  Church,  1873-93).  Charles  Mix,  Platte,  S.D., 
1893-1901  ;  Ringle,  Forrestville,  Wis.,  1906-12.  d.  Sept.  10,  1919. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1920,  274. 

Mollema,  Henry  (son  of  Bernard  Mollema),  b.  Wellisburg,  la.,  Jan.  15, 
1878,  H.C.  1907.  W.T.S.  1910.  1.  by  CI.  Holland.  Muscatine,  la.,  1910- 
12;    Vriesland,  Mich..   1912-17;    Spring  Lake,  Mich..   1917 — — 

Mollenbeck,  Bernhard,  b.  Oct.  16.  1841.  at  Wesel.  Germany;  Roman  Cath. 
■Monastery;  fled  from  it.  64;  studied  in  Holland  and  at  Dubuque  Presb. 
Sem.  70;  (Fremont,  Neb..  Alto;  Fon  du  Lac;  Holland;  Salem,  Mo.; 
Cong,  or  Presbyt.  chs.,  70-87;  Doesburg.  Netherlands,  87-89)  ;  Lennox, 
1st,  S.D.,  89-92,  Chapin,  la..  92-1900.  d.  Ap.  27. 
Destined  for  the  Roman  priesthood,  he   forsook  the  Monastery  to  which 

he  was  sent,  and  found  refuge  in  Holland,  studying  at  Kampen  under  Dr. 

A.  Kuyper.     He  did  excellent  service  in  several  churches  in  America,  and 

truly  spent  himself  for  Christ  and  His  Church.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Svnod." 

1900,  898. 

Moment,  John  J.,  b.  Orono,  Ontario.  Feb.  i.  1875.  P.C.  1896.  Hartford 
Sem.  1906.  1.  by  Pres.  of  Morris  and  Orange,  1907.  Jersey  City,  N.  J., 
Bergen,  Ass.,   1908-11.      (Presbyterian.   High  St..   Newark,   1911-1918). 

Crescent  Ave..   Plainfield.   1918 

Publications:   Faith  in  Christ,  1915.    Various  magazine  articles. 


THE    MTXISTRY  433 

Moncada,  Pietro  S..  b.  Pachini,  Italy.  Nov.  i,  1887.     Ragusa  College.  1905. 
Bible  Teachers'  Training  Sch.,  N.  Y.,  1912.    Received  from  Waldensian 
Ch.  of  Italy.    1.  bv  CI.  of  Poughkeepsie.  1912.  Ord.  by  CI.  of  Poughkeep- 
sie.  1921.    In  charge  of  Italian  Work  at  Beacon  and  Newburgh,  N.  \. 
Publications:    L'  Era  Nuova,"  Divine  Service  for  Church  and  S.S. 
Montaigne,  John.  (French  Ref.).  Fordham.  1696.  , 

See  "Watson's  Huguenots  of  Westchester  Co..     N.\ .,  87,  88.       Bolton  3 
Westchester  Co.."  ii.  33^-     "Waldron's  Fordham,"  87.  .     .jr- 

Monteith.  Walter,  b.  at  Broadalbin.  N.Y.  178—;  U.C.  181 1.  Tutor  m  U.C. 
181^-15  NBS  1818;  Flatlands  and  Flatbush.  1819-20.  (Schenectady 
Presbyt.  1820-..,  N.Y.C..  Pearl  St.,  18-.. -29),  d.  1834,  May  5-  See 
Manual  of  1879.  xt    t       j 

Moore,  George.  Jr.     N.B.S.  1917-    1-  by  CI.  Raritan.     Irvmgton,  N.  J.,  2d, 

1917-20.     (Congregational,   1920 ).  ,,     ^      x 

Moore,  Jas.  G.  Lafavette.  Col.  1842.  P.S.  1845;  (Beaver  Meadow)  ;  sup- 
plied   Minisink.    1848-9;     teacher   at    Blairstown.    N.J.,    ,    (West 

Farms.  N.Y.).  d.  1858. 
Moore,  Wm.   Lewis,  b.   Mar.   10.   1833.   in   N.Y.C. ;    R.C.   54-   PS.   57.  he. 
Presb  of  Nassau.  56;    (Wvoming.  Pa..  57-8,  S.S.  West  Milford,  59-60, 
S.S.  Sparta.  60-62.  S.S.  Fort  Lee.  70-3,  New  Providence,  N.J.,  63-70, 
all  Presbvt.).  Little  Falls.  N.J..  78-81.  w.  c.  ,    ^,    .t  t, 

Moore,  William  Shotwell.  b.  N.Y.C.  July  22.  1813,  N.B.S.  39.  1-  CI.  N.B.; 
Unionville,  Jan.  12.  40-50.  New  Prospect.  50-56.  UnionviUe  and  Green- 
burgh.  56-64.  Minisink,  64-69,  Gilboa,  69-73,  Woodstock,  73-79,  w.  c. 
Died  Sept.  26.  1896.  ,    rr-      ,  j 

He  took  a  great  interest  in  the  extension  of  the  Redeerner  s  Kmgdom  and 
was  especially  devoted  to  the  maintenance  of  the  Gospel  in  New  York  City. 
See  Manual,   1902.  „  „     ^  ^  -kt  t>  o 

Morehouse,  Harrv  C,  b.  Coeymans.  N.  Y.,  Feb.  25.  1878.  R.C.  1905.  N.B.S. 
1908.    1.  by  CI.  Albany  1908.     Ghent,  N.  Y.,  2d,  1908-12,  Central  Bridge 

and  Howe''s  Cave.  N:  Y..  2d.  1912 

Morgan,  John  Francis,  b.  Minden,  Mich..  May  6.  1856;  Taylor  University; 
Christian  Bib.  Inst..  84;  (Brougham.  Ont. ;  Freehold.  N.Y.;  Ravenna, 
N.Y. ;     Conmant,   O.)  ;    Hamilton    Grange,    N.Y.C,    1890-2,    Park   Ch., 

Jersey  Citv,  1892-1903.     (Pres.  Claremont  Ch.,  Jersey  City.  1903 ). 

Morgan,  Joseph,  b.  1674;  ordained  1697.  in  Connecticut.  (Bedford  and 
East  Chester,  N.Y.,  1699-1704.  Greenwich,  Ct.,  1704-8,  Freehold, 
Presbyt.  1708-31),  Freehold  and  Middletown.  N.J.,  1709-31.  (Hopewell 
and  Maidenhead,  N.J.,  1732-7).  d-  I740- 
His  father  came  to  New  London  about  1647,  under  the  lead  of  the 
younger  John  Winthrop.  He  is  said  to  have  been  of  Welsh  origin.  Joseph 
was  subjected  to  persecutions  in  his  ministry,  on  account  of  the  manner  of 
his  ordination.  His  use  of  notes  in  preaching  was  much  opposed  by  the 
neighboring  ministers,  so  that  he  was  obliged  to  desist.  In  1708  he  re- 
moved to  Freehold,  to  take  charge  of  the  Scotch  church  there.  The  Dutch 
sought  a  part  of  his  services,  and  he  was  also  installed  as  their  pastor,  Oct. 
19.  1709.  On  Sept.  21,  1710,  he  was  received  as  a  member  of  the  Pres- 
bytery of  Philadelphia.  He  learned  the  Dutch  language  out  of  pure  zeal 
for  the  work.  He  gave  the  Dutch  three-fourths  of  his  services.  About 
1721  a  revival  was  enjovcd.  The  next  year  he  went  to  Connecticut  to  seek 
additional  ministerial  help,  but  in  vain.  He  was  the  author  of  a  number  of 
printed  sermons,  on  various  subjects,  and  was  in  correspondence  with  Cot- 
ton Mather.  A  Latin  letter  of  Morgan  to  Mather,  dated  1721.  is  preserved 
at  Worcester,  Mass.  He  complains  that  he  had  very  few  books.  ^^  He  pub- 
lished treatises  on  "Baptism."  on  "Deism,"  on  "Original  Sin,"  and  on 
"Sin  its  own  Punishment."  Also,  a  "Reply"  to  an  anonymous  railer  against 
election.  He  savs,  in  one  of  his  publications,  that  as  congregations  keep 
their  ministers  free  from  worldly  avocations,  by  liberal  support,  does  the 
work  of  Christ  flourish.     Various  charges  were  at  length  brought  against 


434  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

him,  such  as  "practicing  astrology,  countenancing  promiscuous  dancing, 
transgressing  in  drink."  (1728).  They  were  not  sustained.  In  1736, 
intemperance  was  proved  against  him,  but  in  1738  he  was  restored.  Sub- 
sequently, having  heard  Whitefield  preach,  he  was  so  affected  thereby  that 
he  went  forth  as  an  evangelist  along  the  sea  coast  of  New  Jersey,  and  died 
in  this  work. — See  "Hall's  Hist.  Ch.  of  Trenton,"  45-50;  "Webster's  His- 
tory of  the  Presbyt.  Ch.,"  335.  "Rev.  T.  W.  Wells'  Hist.  Disc,  at  Marl- 
boro," 1877. 

Publications:  A  Latin  letter  to  Mather,  1721.  (The  original  in  An- 
tiquarian See.  at  Worcester).  Published  in  "Presbyt.  Mag.,"  Nov.,  1857. — 
Treatise  on  "Baptism." — A  Treatise  on  "Original  Sin." — A  Treatise  on 
"Sin,  Its  Own  Punishment." — A  Reply  to  an  "Anonymous  Railer  Against 
Election." 

Morris,    Henry,    b.    near    Buskirk's    Bridge,    Washington.    N.Y.,    Sept.    19, 
1803;    Ham.  C.  23,  N.B.S.  and  P.S.  24-9,  1.  Presbyt.  Troy,  Feb.  25,  29; 
ord.  by  same  as  an  evangelist,   Feb.  23,  31  ;     (Miss,  at  Wapping,   Ct., 
29-32,   Granville,    N.Y.,   32-4,   Orwell,    Vt.,   34-41,    supplied    Burlington, 
Ct,   41-3),   Union   Village,   43-8,    Easton,    N.Y.,    (S.S.),    50-5,    Cudde- 
backville,   55-62,   serving   in   Christian   Com.   among  the   soldiers,    Nov. 
63-May  64,  at  Newbern,  Roanoke,  Is.,  and  Plymouth,  N.C. ;    supplying 
churches,    64-76,    emeritus.      Died   Oct.    17,    1882.      See   also    "P.    Sem. 
Cat." 
Publications  :    Sermons  on  Baptism.     1844. 
Morris.  Jonathan  Ford,  b.  in  Somerville,  N.J.,   1801 ;    N.B.S.   1824;    1.  CI. 
N.B.  1824;    Miss,  successively  at  Ovid,  Fayette,  Pultneyville,  and  Wy- 
nantskill,    1824-5,    at    Montville,    1825-7.    at    Amsterdam,     (or    Albany 
Bush),   Glen,    Charleston,    Ephratah,    Stone   Arabia,    Herkimer,    Ford's 
Bush,   Asquach,    1827-9,   Nassau,    1829-32,  w.   c.     Died   July    11,    1886. 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1887,  430. 
Morris,    John    Neville,    b.    Jamaica,    N.J.,    1847.      Ord.    by    Lutheran    Ch. 
1874.     Lutheran  pastorates  1874-1891.     Rosendale,  1891-3,  Newark,  N.J. 
(Trinity),   1893-1907,  Piermont,  N.Y.,  1907-15,  d.  April   18,   1921.     See 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1921,  642. 
Morris,  Ralph  C,  b.  Lancaster,  O.,  Sept.  4,  1880.    R.C.  1903,  N.B.S.  1906,  1. 
by  CI.  Newark.     Jersey  City,  Greenville,   1908-10,  Brooklyn,  Edgwood, 
1912-16. 
Morrison,  John,  b.  Fishkill-on-the-Hudson,  Dec.  12,  1859;    R.C.  82,  N.B.S. 

86  1.  CI ,  San  Bernardino,  Cal Oakland,  Cal.,  Portland, 

Oregon,  92-99,  d.  July  26.     "Biog.  Notices  Grads.  R.C,"  1900,  29. 
See  account  of  his  father  in  "Wicke's  Hist,  of  Medicine,  in  N.J.,"  338. 
Morse,  A.  G.    Cato.    S.S.  1857-9. 
(Morse,  B.  Y.     Miss,  to  Rochester  and  Clove,  1828). 

Morton,   Thomas,  b.   Salem,   Mass.,  June  8,   1851 ;    Mad.  U.    1879;    U.T.S. 
1886-9,  N.B.S.   1881-2;  ord.  by  CI.  Bergen,  Ap.   17,   1888;    S.S.   Spots- 
wood,  N.J.,  1 890- 1 ;    New  Salem,  N.Y.,  1892-3;    Glenville,  N.Y.,  1893-5. 
Europe,  1895-6. 
Mould,   Elmer   W.    K.      (Presbyterian).     Little    Falls,    N.J.,    ist,    1915-19. 
(Presbyterian).     Professor  of  History  and  Biblical  Literature,  Elmira 
College,  N.Y.,  1919 — — 
Moule,  John  G.     R.C.  1834,  P.S.  37;    Unionville,  1837-9,  Sand  Beach,  1839- 
41   (Orwell;    Damascus,  Pa.;    Colchester,  N.Y. ;    Colicoon,  N.Y.).     See 
"P.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 
Moulinars,  Jean  Joseph  Brumauld,  (French  Reformed),  New  York  (French 
Ch.),  Nov.  12,  1718-26.  New  Rochelle,  1726-41,  died  Oct. 
He  was  a  colleague  of   Mr.  Rou,   1718-24.     He  was  distinguished   for  a 
pacific  disposition  and  unblamable  life.     But  in   1724  his  amicable  relations 
with   Rou   came   to   a   sudden   end.      Rou   was   inclined   to   Episcopacy,   but 
Moulinars  declared  that  Episcopacy  and  Romanism  were  as  much  alike  as 
two  fishes.     Hence  he  began  to  oppose   Rou,  but  the  latter  was   far  more 


THE    MINISTRY  435 

eloquent,  and  thereby  attaclied  the  people  to  him  for  a  while.  But  a  new 
Consistory  was  elected,  who  favored  Moulinars  and  was  disposed  to  humble 
Rou.  The  latter  refused  to  recognize  the  validity  of  their  election.  They 
ejected  Rou  from  his  office,  but  afterward  regretted  their  act.  Rou's  adher- 
ents entered  a  complaint  to  Governer  Burnet  against  these  Elders.  The 
Governor's  Council  urged  them  to  be  reconciled  to  each  other,  and  finally 
the  Elders  offered  to  submit  their  differences  to  the  Dutch  ministers.  But 
Rou,  knowing  that  the  French  church  was  not  formally  organized,  and  since 
there  was  no  Classis  or  Synod,  he  could  not  be  restrained  by  the  Elders, 
brought  a  bill  in  chancery  before  the  Governor.  Mr.  Smith,  the  Elders' 
counsel,  pleaded  that  the  court  had  no  jurisdiction;  that  the  matter  was 
purely  ecclesiastical ;  that  according  to  the  Constitution  of  the  Reformed 
Church  in  France,  the  Consistory  were  the  only  proper  judges;  and  that 
from  them  an  appeal  lay  to  the  Colloquy  or  Classis,  then  to  the  Provincial 
Synod,  and  then  to  the  General  Synod.  Governor  Burnet,  however,  overruled 
this  plea,  and  the  Elders,  fearing  they  might  become  personally  responsible 
for  Rou's  salary,  reinstated  him,  and  then  they  left  the  church.  For  a  differ- 
ent account  of  these  difficulties,  see  Rou. 

See  "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  64,  76,  "JJ,  467-g,  1 166,  1169;    "Smith's  Hist.,  N.Y.," 
166-7 ;    "Collections  of  the  Huguenot  Soc,"  pp.  xxxviii.-xliv. 
Mueller.     See  Miiller. 
Muilenburg,  Herbert  S.,  b.  Orange  City,  la.     Grinnell  Col.    1912,  W.T.S. 

1915.  1.  by  CI.  la.     Inwood,  la.,  1916- 

Muilenberg,  Tennis  William,  b.  Pella,  la.,  June  15,  1864;    H.C.  89,  N.B.S. 

92,  1.  CI.  N.B.    Boyden,  la.,  92-4,  Grand  Rapids,  7th,  94-8,  Grand  Haven, 

1898-1908,    Grand    Rapids,    Trinity.    1908-11,    Kalamazoo,    2d,    1911-16, 

Missionary  in  California,  1917-19,  South  Holland,  111.,  1919 .     S.C. 

CI.  G.R.     School  Director  Grand  Rapids. 
PuBLicATioxs :   Articles  in  Leader,  De  Hope,  etc. 
Mulder,  James  B.,  b.  Zeeland,  Mich.,  Feb.  i,  1888.    H.C.  1912.    N.B.S.  1916, 

1.  by  CI.   N.B.     Peekskill,  N.Y.,   1916-20 ,   Raritan,  2d,  Somerville, 

N.J.,  Assistant,  1920 

Mulder,  John  R.,  b.  Nov.  28,  1893,  Holland,  Mich.    H.C.  1917,  W.T.S.  1921. 

P.G.   Univ.   Mich.   1918,   1.   by   CI.   Mich.     Prof.   Bible  and   Philosophy 

Central  College  1921 

Mulder,   Ties,   Veendam,    Neth..   June  20,    1868.     H.C.    1898,   N.B.S.    1901. 

Missionary     R.C.A.      Oklahoma,     1901-07.      Missionary,    Presbyterian, 

Oklahoma,  1907-09. 
I^Iulford,   Henry   Du  Bois,  b.   in  town  of   Livingston,  Columbia   Co.,   N.Y., 

Sept.  27,  1859;    R.C.  81,  N.B.S.  85,  lie.  by  CI.  of  Hudson;    Six  Mile 

Run,  85-89,  Syracuse,  ist,  89-97,  Prof.  Eng.  Lang,  and  Lit.    R.C.  1897- 

191 1,  Upper  Red  Hook,  N.Y.,  1913-18.  Greenport,  N.Y.,  S.S.,  1919-20. 

D.D.  U.C.  1903.     Trustee,  Elmira  C,  1893-5.     R.C.  1895-7. 
PuBLicvTiONS :     Hist.    Disc,   at    175th   Anniversary,    Six-Mile    Run,    N.J., 
1885;     Sermon:     "Relation   of    Dutch   Pride   to   the   Dutch   Church."    1893; 
Hist.  Add. :    "The  Centennial  of    Onondaga   Co.,   N.Y.,"    1894. — "Recollec- 
tions of  Dr.  W.  H.  Campbell,"  in  "Memorial."  55. 
Muller,  Cornelius,  b.  April  6,  1879.  Danforth,  111.     H.C.  1907.  W.T.S.  1910, 

1.  by  CI.   Holland.     Bethany,   Sully,   la.,   1910-13,   Sayville,   N.Y.,   1913- 

20,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  4th,   1920 

Muller,   Erich  Theodore,  b.   Lawrence,   Mass.,   May    i,    1895.     N.Y.   Univ. 

1916,  N.B.S.    1919.   1.   by   S.   CI.    Bergen    1919.     Clove   Valley   Chapel, 
S.I.,  1919-20,  Stanton,  N.  J.,  1921 

Muller,  Fred.,  h.  June  18.  1869,  in  Sinsheim,  Baden,  Germany;  Bloomfield 
Acad.  Dept.  93,  Theolog  Dept.  96,  I'.G.  N.Y.  Univ.  1.  Presbyt.  Newark, 
96;    ord.  by  Presb.  of  Monmouth,  Oct.  14,  96  (Pres.  South  River,  N.J., 

96-9),  Albany,  4th,   1899 .     Examiner  in  Heb.  since  1910  and  Head 

of  Ger.  Dept.  Albany  High  School  since  1908.     Editor  of  Hansfreind. 

Muller,  George  Christopher,  b.   July   3,    1859,   Sinsheim,    Baden,   Germany. 


436  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

Bloomfield  Sem.  1887,  1.  by  Pres.  Brooklyn  1887.  (Pres  Fainnount, 
O.,  87-9,  Lawrence,  Mass.,  1889-1906,  Ger.  Ref.,  Philadelphia.  1906- 
07,  St.  John's  Ger.  Ref.,  Philadelphia,  1907-08.  Ger.  Ref..  Ebenezer, 
N.Y.,  1908-10).  Jersey  City,  ist,  Ger.  Evangelical,  1910-19,  Melrose, 
First  Evangelical,  N.Y.C.,  1919. 
Publications:    Editor  Altin  Himbote.     Theses.     Many  pamphlets. 

Muller,  John,  b.  at  Kaeslitz,  Duchy  S.  Meiningen,  Ger.,  June  22,  1826; 
R.C.  51.  N.B.S.  54.  1.  CI.  N.Y.;  Wolcott,  54-7.  Miss,  in  Philadelphia, 
57-8,  Burlington.  la.,  58-61,  Silver  Creek,  61-71,  Peoria,  71-93,  Presi- 
dent, Pleasant  Prairie  College,  (now  Academy),  94-7;  emeritus,  1898, 
S.S.,  Peoria,  1901-02.  d.  Oct.  23,  1910.  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1911,  260. 
Publications:     A    volume    of    12    sermons.      Contributions    to    German 

Periodicals. 

Muller,  Mathew,  b.  Baden,  Germany,  May  31,  1865.  Bloomfield  Sem.  1892. 
Jersey  City,  ist,  1892-3,  Bayonne,  3d,  Ger.,  93-7.  (Pres.  Zion  Ger., 
N.Y.C.,  1897-1903).  Jersey  City,  ist,  Ger.,  1903-10,  d.  Feb.  15.  Min. 
Gen.  Syn.,  1910,  829. 

Mulligan,  John,  b.  in  Ireland,  1793;  Rector  of  Gr.  School  at  N.B.  28-30; 
teacher  in  N.Y.C.,  29-61,  d. ;  also  Prof  Latin  and  Greek  in  N.Y.  Uni- 
versity, 32-3. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
_  Publications  :  "Exposition  of  the  Grammatical  Structure  of  the  Eng- 
lish Language,"  i2mo,  pp.  574.  N.Y.,  1852. — Reviewed  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Ap 
28,  1852. — Abridgenient  of  the  same,  1854. 

Mundhenke,  W.  R..  b.  Freeport.  111..  Oct.  31,  1854.     Dubuque  C.  &  S.  1879. 
(Pres.   Ger.,  Wheeling,   111.,   Rockville,   Plattsville,  Wis.     Prof.   Theo. 
Sem.,  Dubuque).     Elim,  Kings,  111.,  1904-14,  d.  Sept.  29 
He  was  a  student  and  an  earnest  preacher  of  the  Gospel     Min.  Gen.  Syn., 

191 6,  926. 

Munn.  Anson  F.,  b.  in  Stockbridge,  Mass.,  1828;  R.C.  52,  N.B.S.  56,  1. 
CI.  N.B. ;  East  New  York,  56-68,  Coxsackie  Landingj  68-77,  d.  June 
26.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Munro,  John  J.     Presbyterian.     S.S.,  Bushwick.  1909-10.    Presbyterian  1912. 

Murden,  Benjamin  F.,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Dec.  16,  1817;  R.C.  43;  N.B.S.  46,  1.  CI. 
N.Y. ;  Taghkanic  (Copake),  47-50,  Union,  50-54,  (Presbyt.  Mitford, 
57-1861,  Plymouth,  61-68.  Dearborn  and  Sheldon.  68-70,  Montague,  70- 
81)  ;  d.  1891,  Ap.  14.     See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1891,  22. 

Murdoch,  David.  Catskill,  1842-51,  d.  1861. 

Publications:    "The   Minister  of   Christ  in  His   Sphere  an   Object  of 

Holy  Admiration" :  a  Sermon  at  the  Ordination  of  Rev.  David  Murdoch, 

Jr.,  at  New  Milford,  Ct.,  1850. 

(See  "Union  Sem.  Gen.  Cat."  for  items  concerning  David  Murdoch,  Jr.). 

— "The  Dutch  Domine  of  the  Catskills,  or  the  Times  of  the  Bloody  Brandt," 

1861. 

Murgatroyd,  Edwin  R.,  b.  N.Y.C.,  1855;  C.C.  N.Y.  79.  U.S.  83,  lie.  CI.  N.Y. 
See  "U.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 

Murphy,  Jas..  b.  near  Rhinebeck,  1788;  N.B.S.  1814,  1.  CI.  N.B.  Roches- 
ter, Wawarsing,  and  Clove.  14-25.  Glenville.  2d.  26-34;  (also  Miss, 
at  Rexfordville.  30).  St.  Johnsville  and  Alanheim,  34-7,  Herkimer  and 
German  Flats.  37-41,  Herkimer  and  Frankfort,  39-40,  Herkimer  and 
Mohawk,  40-2,  Coeymans,  42,  S.S..  New  Baltimore,  42-3,  Herkimer,  43- 
49,  S.S..  Columbia.  50-4.  Frankfort.  54-7.  d.  1857. 
He  enjoyed  in  a  high  decree  the  respect  and  esteem  of  his  fellow-citizens, 

on  account  of  his  learning,  his  meekness,  and  his  assiduity  as  a  Christian 

teacher.     He  was  fond  of  study,  had  a  special  relish  for  the  classics,  and 

some  of  the  natural  sciences.     He  was  a  preacher  of  superior  abilities,  and 

a  pastor  of  approved  fidelity.     He  was  strongly  urged  to  accept  a  call   to 

the  Ger.  Ref.  Ch.  of  Harrisburgh.  in  1837.  hut  declined. 


THE   IMIXISTRY  437 

Publications:     "Bible    and    Geology."      1850. — Art.    in    "Spraguc's    An- 
nals" on  Rev.  Jer.  Romeyn. 
Murphy,  Harry  W.,  b.  Havre  de  Grace,  Md.,   1876.     Studied  privately,  1. 

by    Newark    Conference    M.E.    Ch.    1908.      (M.E.    pastorate    1908-12). 

Collegiate  Church.  N.Y.C.,  Sunshine  Chapel.  191 2 

Murphy.  J.   Harvey,  b.   Paterson.   N.J.,  April  28,   1882.     R.C.   1906,   N.B.S. 

1909,  1.  by  CI.  Paramus.     Philadelphia,  ist,   1909-11,  Amsterdam.  Trin- 
ity,   1911-16,   Jersey    City    Heights    (Central    Ave.),    1916-21,    Hudson, 

N.Y.,  1921 

Murray,  Chauncy  D.    Y.C.  &  Y.  Sem.,  Market  Street,  N.Y.C.,  1861-3.     Left 

the   ministry    for   the   law.      Became   a   leading   political   orator.      Died 

Tan.   19,   1885. 
Murray,  Chester  P.,  b.  Pa.,  1845.  C.N.J.  -72,  P.S.  75;    Lodi,  N.Y.,  85-6.     For 

other  details,  see  "P.  Sem.  Cat." 
Muste,  Abraham  J.,  b.  Zeeland.  Neth.,  June  8,  1885,  H.C.  1905,  N.B.S.  1909, 

1.  by  CI.  G.R.     Col.  Ch.,  N.Y.C.,  Fort  Washington,  1909-14,  Congrega- 

tionalist,  1914 

Muste,  Cornelius  B.     H.C.  1914,  N.B.S.  1917,  1.  by  CI.  N.B.     Amsterdam, 

Trinity,     1917-18,    Catskill,    1918-21,    Jersey    City,    Bayonne,    5th    St., 

1921 

Muyskens,  Arie,  1.  by  CI.  la.,  Sioux  Falls,  S.D.,  1909-11,  Presbyterian. 
Muyskens,  John.     1.  by  CI.  Ulster,   1912,  Port  Ewen,  N.Y.,   1912-15,  Pier- 

mont,  N.Y.,  1915-18. 
Muzelius,  Frederick,  b.  in  Germany,  1704;    Tappan,  1726-49,  d.  1782,  Ap.  7. 
He  began  as  a  conservative  member  of  the  Coetus  party,  but  soon  became 
doubtful,  if  not  positively  antagonistic  to  them.     He  had  considerable  diffi- 
culty with  the  church  of  Tappan.  and  in  1749  was  obliged  to  desist  preach- 
ing.— Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y.,  many  letters  of  references.     See  "Cole's  Hist.  Ch.  of 
Tappan,"  1894. 
Myer,  see  Meyer. 
Myer,  Gilbert  McP.,  b.  at*  Coxsackie,  1815;    R.C.  1838,  N.B.S.   1841,  1.  CI. 

Greene,  1841  ;    Cohoes.  1841-6,  d.  See  Manual  of  1879. 
Mvers,  Abraham  H.    Cobbleskill,  N.Y.,  1833. 
Mvers,  Alfred  Edwards,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Dec.  29,  1844;    Wms.  C.  66;    N.B.S. 

66-7,  P.S.  68-9.  U.T.S.  69-70,  lie.  S.  CI.  L.I.;    ord.  on  Oct.  9,   1870; 

Bethany    Chapel,    Brooklyn,    70-1,    in    Europe,    71-2,    Bronxville,    N.Y., 

72-6.  Owasco.   N.Y.,  77-9;     (Owasco,   Presb.,  79-85;     Syracuse,   N.Y., 

85-93)  ;    assistant  pastor  Collegiate  Ch.,  5th  av.  and  29th  St.,  1892-1915, 

d.  Sept.  16. 
Dr.  Burrell  said  of  him:    "A  sweeter  disposition,  a  more  sensitive  consci- 
ence,  a   more   symmetrically    furnished    mind    I    have   never   known.      Min. 

Gen.  Syn.,  1916,  931. 
PiHLicATioNS :     "The    Sociable,    the    Entertainment,    and    the    Bazaar": 
Philadelphia,  1882. — "The  Best  Way  of  Giving,"  1891. — Contributions  to  the 
Religious  Press. 
Mjcrs,  Chs.  Morris,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Aug.  9,   1875;    N.Y.U.  96,  N.B.S. 

99,  lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.  N.Y. ;    Missionary  at  Nagasaki,  Jpaan,  teaching 

in  Steele  College,  1899-1904.     Presbyterian  Missionary,  China,  1904 . 

Mission  Treasurer  for  China. 
Myers,    Henry    Van    Schoonhoven,    b.    N.Y.C.,    May    2y,    1842;     W.C.    65, 

N.B.S.  68,  1.  S.  CI.  L.I.;  traveling  in  Europe,  68-70;   assistant  to  Quack- 

cnbush.  Prospect  Hill,  N.Y.C.,  May-Oct.,  70;  ord.  by  CI.  Hudson,  Feb. 

14,  71  ;    Upper  Red  Hook.  71-4,  South  Brooklyn,  74-81,  Newburgh,  82- 

91.  Union,  N.Y.C.,  91-4,  Church  of  the  Comforter,   N.Y.C.,   1894-1903, 

American   Bible   Societv,   Shanghai,   China,    1903-08.     Retired.     S.T.D. 

Univ.  N.Y.  1887. 
Myles,  Wm.  Guthrie.     Walpack,  Upper,   Pa.,  1896-7,  Garfield,  N.  J.,   1897- 

1901,  Presbyterian,  1902 

Mytton,  L.    V.C.   Pennsylvania  Lane,  111.,  1909-11.     (Presbyterian,  1911). 


438  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Nance,  Thomas  A.     Received  from  A.M.E.  Ch.    S.C.  1903.     Bethel,  Shiloh, 
Magnolia,   S.C,   1904-1911.      (Lynchburg).     Dismissed  to   Presbyterian 
Church. 
Nasholds,  Wm.  Hosea,  b.  Knox,  N.Y.,  Feb.  22,   1851  ;    R.C.  76,  N.B.S.  79. 
1.    CI.   Albany;     Ramapo   and    Ramsays,   79-80,    Geneva,    80-2,    Farmer, 
N.Y.,  82-7,  Schodack  Landing,  87-91,  Bethlehem,  N.Y.,  1891-1905,  Rot- 
terdam, N.Y.,  2d,  1906-20. 
Neal,  Ava,  C.C.  1810,  tutor  in  R.C.  14;    N.B.S.  16,  1.  CI.  N.B.;    Pompton 
Plains   and    Fairfield,    17-22,    Pompton    Plains,    22-8,    suspended    in    29, 
restored  33,  d.  1839. 
PUBLIC.A.TIONS  :    "An  Abstract  of  Dr.  Livingston's  Theology."     2  editions. 
1st,  1831  ;    2d,  1832. 

Neal,  Robt.    Prattsville,  N.  Y..  1895-6. 
Neander,  J.     Miss,  to  Jews,  1846-8. 

Neander,   John,   b.    Brooklyn,    N.Y.,    March    19,    1882.      R.C.    1911,    N.B.S. 
1914,   1.   by    CI.   Albany    1914.      Gardiner,    N.Y.,    1914-18,    Hillsborough 

(Millstone).  1918 

Neef,  G.  L.     N.Y.C.,  Norfolk  St.   (Ger.),  1875-83,   (Lancaster,  Pa.,  G.R.C. 

1883 ). 

Neef,  Jacob  F.,  b.  Feb.  i,  1827,  in  Germany;    Stuttgardt  Coll.,  Germany;  c. 

to  America,  1853;    N.B.S.   1858,  lie.   CI.  N.Y.,  Plainfield  and  Warren, 

1858-64,   Albany,   4th,    1865-88,   Feb.   6.      See   Mints.    Gen.    Syn.,"    1888, 

680. 

Neerken,  Nich.     H.C.  1871,  H.S.  1874.     (Pres.  Dwight  Mission,  Cherokee 

Nation,  Ind.  Ter.).     d.  Jan.  3,  1887. 
Nettinga,   Siebe  C,  b.  Feb.  7,   1875,  Freesland,  Neth.     H.C.   1900,  W.T.S. 
1903,  1.  by  CI.  la.     Spring  Lake,  Mich.,  1903-09,  Chicago,  111.,  Engle- 
wood,    1st,    1909-12,    Grand   Rapids,   Mich.,   5th,    1912-18,    Professor  of 

Historical  Theology,  W.T.S.  1918 .     D.D.  by  H.C.  1919. 

Publications  :  Articles  in  De  Hope,  Leader.  Chapters  in  this  work. 
Nevius,  Elbert,  b.  near  Six  Mile  Run,  N.J.,  Sept.  4,  1808;  R.C.  30,  N.B.S. 
34,  1.  by  CI.  Cayuga;  Miss,  at  Lyons,  1835,  Arcadia,  35-36,  voyage  to 
Java,  June-Sept.,  36,  Batavia,  36-39,  Pontianak,  39-44,  (voyage  to  Singa- 
pore, 42),  returned  to  America,  1844;  Stuyvesant,  46-86,  S.S.  at  Stuy- 
vesant  Falls,  86-89.  Died  Sept.  29,  1897. 
In  early  life  he  moved,  with  his  father,  to  a  farm  near  Ovid,  N.Y.  In 
1836  he  and  his  wife  went,  in  company  with  Revs.  Ennis,  Doty,  Young- 
blood  and  their  wives,  and  Miss  Condit,  a  sister  of  Mrs.  Nevius,  to  Bor- 
neo. They  had  expected  to  go  to  China,  but  the  way  was  closed.  Upon 
returning  to  America  in  1844.  he  spent  two  years  in  presenting  the  work 
of  Foreign  Missions  to  the  churches.  His  father  and  an  elder  brother 
were  men  of  strong  religious  character,  and  he  received  from  them  im- 
pressions which  influenced  his  whole  life.  They  abolished  the  use  of  in- 
toxicating liquor  in  harvesting  at  a  time  when  such  conduct  was  ridiculed 
The  difficulties  of  Foreign  Mission  work  at  the  time  he  entered  upon  it 
were  very  great.  He  penetrated  regions  in  Borneo  where  no  white  man 
had  previously  entered.  The  ill-health  of  his  wife  compelled  his  return 
home ;  and  here  his  labors  were  abundantly  blessed.  His  was  one  of  the 
most  Christ-like  of  lives.  His  character  seemed  well-nigh  the  perfected 
fruit  of  Christian  faith.  He  was  a  man  of  qviick  sympathies  and  strong 
afifections.  He  was  friendly  to  every  one,  and  every  one  was  a  friend  to 
him.  His  mind  was  a  rich  storehouse  of  memorized  Scripture,  hymns 
and  religious  poems.  Hence  he  was  ever  ready  with  apt  quotations.  He 
was  remarkably  gifted  in  public  prayer — reverent,  comprehensive,  using 
beautiful  language,  abounding  in  Biblical  expressions,  and  all  uttered  in 
childlike  faith.  The  work  of  missions  always  had  a  large  place  in  his 
heart  and  prayers.  He  presented  the  cause  every  month  to  his  people,  and 
was  a  liberal  giver  to  the  cause,  as  well  as  to  all  other  good  works.  See 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1898,  235. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1898,  9. 


THE    MINISTRY  439 

PuBLicATioxs :    Art.  in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Rev.  W.  J.  Pohlman. — 

Sketch  of  the  Classis  of  Rennselaer.     1876. 

(Nevius,  John  Livingston,  also  of  Six  Mile  Run.  a  Presbyterian  missionary 
in  China  for  many  years.     See  his  life  by  the  Presbyterian  Board). 

New.  \Vm.  E..  b.  Dec.  23,  1830.  N.B.S.  1856-7.  Never  ordained,  d.  June 
8,  1904. 

Newton.  E.  H.     Easton.  N.Y.  (S.S.).  1843.  Buskirk.  N.Y.,  1845-8. 

Nicholas,  John  Frederick,  b.  Bethlehem.  Pa.  Muhlenberg  Col.  Y.  Div. 
Sch.  Ord.  by  Congregationalists.  (Blue  Rapids.  Kan.,  Elizabeth  N.  J., 
Huntingdon  Valley,  Pa.,  Freeland.  Pa.).  West  Hurley  and  Wood- 
stock, N.  Y.,  1920 .     Moderator  Pres.  of   Lehigh,  Pa.     D.D. 

PuBLic.xTioNS :     Sermons   in    Brooklvn    Eagle. 

Nicholls,  Thos.,  b.  at  Yonkers,  N.Y..   1838;    C.N.J.  56.  U.S.  60.  A.S.  61; 
(Chester.  N.Y..  63-71),  Queens,  L.L,  71-5,   (New  Brunswick,   1875-9). 
See  "U.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 
PuBLic.vTioxs :    "Sermon  on  Preaching  to  the  Conscience,"  1873. 

Nichols,  Thomas  McB..  b.  Chester,  N.Y.,  April  3,   1864.     P.U.   1884,  U.S. 
1889.  1.  by  Pres.  Hudson.  1888.     (Pres.  Nyack,  N.Y.,  1889-93,  German- 
town.  Pa.,  1893-1905,  West  End  Col.,  N.Y.C.,  Ass.,   1906-1921.    Pres- 
byterian. 
PuBLic.'\Tioxs :    Preaching  1904. 

Nickerson,  Norman  Fred.,  b.  Putnam  Co.,  N.Y.,  Nov.  26,  1836;  law,  62-5, 
teacher.  65-73,  U.S.  74,  (Presbyt.  75-81),  Prattsville,  81-5,  Glenville, 
85-91,  Miss.  Centreville  City,  S.D.,  91-6,  Miss.  Britton,  Mich.,  1896- 
1900;    Presbyt.     See  "U.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 

Nickse,    Louis.      Jersey    City,    ist    German    Evangelical,    1902,    North 

Bergen,  1902-05,  Brooklyn,  Church  of  Jesus.  1905-C7.     Presbyterian. 

Nicolai,  Nathaniel,  b.  Riga.  Russia,  March  19,  1866,  Riga  G.,  1882.  N.B.S. 
1889-90;    Canarsie.  1889-90. 

Niehaus.  Harm.  Heven.  b.  April  8.  1871,  Bunde,  East  Friesland.  Miss. 
Training  Sch..  Baah  Switzerland,  1896,  1.  by  S.  Dakota  CI.  Ref.  Ch. 
U.S.    1899.     Lennox,    ist.    S.D.,    1906-08,    Inwood,    la.,    1913-14,    Baker, 

la.,    1914-15- 
Publications:    Articles  for  press. 
NiehoflF,   John.   b.   at    Logu   Ostfriesland,    Ger.,    Tune   6,    1838;     Forreston, 

86-8,  Pekin,  2d,  111.  (Ger.)  88-92.  Died  Mar.  3,  1892. 
For  a  number  of  years  he  was  pastor  of  the  German  Reformed  Church 
in  Pekin.  In  a  city  where  the  social  habits,  in  reference  to  beer  drinking 
and  Sabbath  observance,  were  not  very  strict,  Mr.  Niehofi'  took  a  firrn  stand 
against  those  customs,  which  he  saw  were  undermining  the  foundations  of 
morality  and  religion.  His  firm  stand  against  these  evils  brought  him 
many  trials  from  his  German  brethren,  but  his  consistent  life  and  Chris- 
tian spirit  made  him  a  power  for  good  in  that  city,  and  especially  among 
the  young. — "Alints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1892.  656. 
Niemeyer.   George,   b.    Groningen,    Netherlands.    Alar.    20,    1854;     H.C.   79, 

N.B.S.  82,  1.  CI.  Holland;    Detroit,  Mich.,  82-4,  Vriesland,  Mich.,  84-6, 

Cleveland,  O.,  86-90,  Pond's,  N.J.,  90-3.  Shokan  and  Shandaken.  N.Y., 

93-8,    Otley,    la.,    1899-1901.      Classical    Alissionary,    CI.    la.,    1901-05. 

Chicago.   Northwestern,    1905-08,   Summit,   111.,   1908-13,   Classical   Mis- 

sionarv,  CI.  Cascades,  1913.  d.  Sept.  4.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1914,  249. 
Niemeyer,  H.,  George,  la.,  1894-5. 
Nies,  Helenus  Elizaus.  b.  in  Groningen,  Netherlands,  Feb.  24,   1844;    H.C. 

72,'  H.S.  76.  lie.  Col.  Holland ;    Saugatuck,  76-80,  Paterson,  Union  Refd. 

(Hoi.)    1880-191C,   Emeritus,    1910 .     Also  agent   of    Bd.   cf   Dom. 

Missions.   1890-1.  and   for  several   years  after    1893,   to  meet   Holland 

immigrants  arriving  at  Castle  Garden.   N.Y.C. 
Nies.  Maurice  G.,  b.  Paterson.  N.J.,  Feb.  10,  1881  (son  of  Rev.  H.  E.  Nies). 

Central   Col.    1909.    N.B.S.    191^.   1-   by   CI.    Passaic.     Montville,    N.J., 

1912-12.  Glenville,  ist  (Schenectady,  N.Y.),  1914-18.     (Pres.,  1918-19). 

Hull,  la.,  1919-20,  Coxsackie,  N.Y.,  ist,  1921 


440  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Nietzer,   Charles.      German,   4th,   N.Y.C..    1916-18.      Presbyterian. 
Niewenhyt.     See  Van  Niewenhuysen. — "Gunn's  Livingston,"  49,  and  "Rog- 
ers'  Discourse,"   63. 
Niles,  Edward,  b.  York,  Pa.,  Sept.  18,   1868;    Wnis.  C.  91,  U.S.  94,  1.  CI. 
Kingston;    Gardiner,  94-9,  Assistant  N.Y.C.,  Middle  Collegiate,  98-1901, 
South   Bushwick,    1901-1910,    Holland,    Mich.,    Hope,    1910-11.      (Pres. 

1911 )• 

Noble.  Geo.  Pleasants,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Jan.  4.  1846;   W.C.  65,  U.S.  68;    Brooklyn, 

Mvrtle  Av.    (S.S.),  68-9.     See   "U.   Sem.   Gen.   Cat." 
Noble,  Harry  W.,  b.  Catskill,  N.Y.,  June  25,  1882.     R.C.  1906,  N.B.S.  1909, 
1.   by   CI.    Greene.      High   Falls,    Clove,    N.Y.,    1909-13,    Rochester,    2d, 

N.Y.,    1913-16,   Jersey   City,    LaFayette,    1916 

Noe,  D.  D.     S.S.  Columbia  and  Warren,  1835. 

Norris,  James  Avery,  b.  Westfield,  N.Y.,  1857;    R.C.  82,  U.S.  85;    Hastings- 

on-the-Hudson,   1888-95.     See  "U.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 
Nott,  Chas.  De  Kay.  b.  Norman  Vale,  N.Y.,  Sept.  12,  1833;    U.C.  54,  U.S. 
56,    N.B.S.    S9,   lie.    CI.   Albany;    Mohawk,    1859-64.      Presbyterian,     d. 
May  18,  1904.     D.D.  U.C.  1874.     See  "U.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 
Nott,  John,   (s.  of  Rev.  J.  Eliphalet  Nott,  formerly  President  of  U.C),  b. 
at  Albany.  1801  ;    U.C.  23,  A.S.  and  P.S.;   tutor  in  U.C.  30,  Assist.  Prof. 
Rhetoric   U.C.  39-54;     Rotterdam,   2d,  41-54;    also   supplying   at  times 
Princeton,   N.Y. ;    residing  at  Goldsborough,  in  North  Carolina,  54-60, 
S.S.,  Auriesville,  61-78,  d.   Mav   12,   1878.     See  Manual   of    1879,  and 
"P.S.  Gen.  Cat." 
Noyes,   Stephen   Dutton,  br  in   Newburyport,   Mass.,   Ap.    14,    1841,   Am.   C. 
66,   studied   theology   in   Baltimore,   served   in   Presby.   chs.    until    1883. 
Kingston,   (Fair  st.),  83-94,  d.   Mar.   14.     D.D.   from  U.C.   1892. 
Dr.  Noyes  had  few  equals  as  a  man  and  a  preacher.     He  was  especially 
skilled   in   clothing   profound   thoughts   in   beautiful   diction. 

See  Manual,   1902. 
Nucella,    John    Peter,   elected    by    the    Classis   of    Amsterdam,    from    three 
candidates,  to  go  to  Kingston,  N.Y.,  Mar.  15,  1694;   ord.  by  CI.  Amster- 
dam, Ap.  13,  1694,  c.  to  America.  1695;    Kingston,  1695-1704,  also  sup- 
plied Albany.    1698-1700.  during  the  interval  between   Dellius  and   Ly- 
dius.     In  1704,  went  to  London,  to  take  charge  of  Queen  Anne's  Dutch 
Chapel   there.     Died,   Jan.,    1722. 
His  name  does  not  appear  in  the  catalogues  of  Leyden,  Utrecht,  or  Gron- 
ingen,    yet    the   name    Nucella    several    times    appears    in    those    catalogues. 
Isaac  Nucella,  b.  1666.  matriculated  at  Leyden.  Mar.  18,  1693,  for  the  study 
of  medicine.     His  residence  was   Mulhemis — Montanus.     One  of   the  same 
name   and   residence,   matriculated   at   Utrecht   in    1697.     There   was   a   Jo- 
hannes   Nucella,    b.    1709.   of    Culenburg,   who    matriculated   at    Leyden   on 
Sept.  22,   1729.   for  the  study  of  Theology.     There  was  also  an   Edwardus 
Nucella.  of  London,  b.   1759,  who  matriculated  at  Leyden,  in   1778,  for  the 
study  of   law.     Our  Kingston   Nucella  had  an   English   wife,   and  this,   no 
doubt,  had  something  to  do  with  his  moving  to  London ;    and  the  Edward, 
last-meiitioned,  was  probably  a  grandson.     He  was  a  candidate  of  a  strong 
faction   in   the   Church  of   New   York,   in    1698,   when   that   church   had   so 
much  trouble   in   choosing  a  pastor. 

He  was  a  candidate  for  the  ministry  when  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  put 
the  call  of  Kingston  in  his  hands.  The  Classis  said  he  was  well-spoken, 
studious,  edifying;  "one  also  who  has  been  tried  by  us  for  many  years." 
Regret  was  expressed  by  the  Classis  that  he  was  not  able  to  preach  in 
the  English  language.  On  account  of  the  preceding  troubles  at  Kingston 
the  Classis  exhorted  the  church  to  receive  him  with  all  the  respect  and 
deference  due  to  an  ambassador  of  God.  It  was  through  his  caution  that 
dissensions  were  prevented  at  Albany,  when  Freeman  attempted  to  antici- 
pate Lydius  in  settling  there.  (Freeman,  Lydius).  The  Classis  subse- 
quently commended  him   for   his  prudence   in  this  affair.     In    1704  he  was 


THE    MINISTRY  44^ 

appointed  by  Queen  Anno  to  take  cliarge  of  the  Dutch  Chapel  Royal  of  St. 
James,  in  London.  This  had  been  founded  by  William  III,  upon  his  ac- 
cession to  the  English  throne,  about  1688,  and  was  continued  with  a  suc- 
cession of  Dutch  ministers  until  1809,  when,  on  account  of  a  fire  in  the 
Palace,  the   Dutch  service  therein   was  discontinued. 

The  original  Minutes  of  this  Chapel  are  still  preserved  in  the  Somerset 
House.  London,  and  were  examined  by  E.  T.  Corwin  in  1898.  Sec  also 
"Burn's  History  of  the  Foreign  Refugees  in  England."  pages  222-3.  London, 
i846._"Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y.."  many  letters.  "Col.  Docs.,"  N.Y.,  iv.  582.  "Doc. 
Hist.."  N.Y.,  iii.  -/■].  The  study  of  the  published  documents  of  the  Church 
of  Austin  Friars,  London,  would  probably  throw  some  light  on  his  history. 
Nykerk,  G.  J.,  b.  in  Hellendom,  Overisel.  Netherlands,  Jan.  25,  1819; 
studied  theology  with  Rev.  John  Van  Vleck.  1858;  lie.  by  CI.  Holland; 
Overyssel,  58-91;    pastor  emeritus  91-1899;    d.  July  11. 

He  became  an  earnest  leader  among  the  young  during  the  great  spiritual 
awakening  in  the  Netherlands,  about  1836-40,  under  the  preaching  of  Van 
Raalte,  Van  der  Menlen  and  Bolks.  He  joined  his  friends  at  Overyssel, 
Mich.,  in  1849,  two  years  after  their  emigration.  He  at  once  engaged  in 
active  labors  in  the  church,  and  on  the  removal  of  Pastor  Bolks,  was  urged 
to  become  its  pastor.  He  studied  for  the  work,  and  was  one  of  the  first 
theological  graduates  of  Holland  Academy.  He  was  a  man  full  of  the 
Spirit,  and  his  ministry  was.  of  course,  abundantly  blessed  with  revivals. 
Of  a  tender  and  sympathetic  nature,  he  was  accessible  to  all.  He  was  of 
a  practical  turn  of  mind,  and  his  preaching  brought  the  truth  straight  to 
the  heart.  He  was  unswerving  in  his  fidelity  to  the  great  evangelical  truths 
of   redemption.     See   "Mints.   Gen.    Syn.,"    1900,   899. 

Oakes.  Chandler   A.,   b.   Chester,   Pa..  June   10,    1865;    Lafayette   College, 
1891.     U.S..  1891-3.     Licensed  by  Presbytery  of   Newcastle,  Delaware. 
March  i,  1893.     (Assistant  pastor  Brooklyn  Tabernacle.  1892-4).     Fair 
Street   Reformed   Church.   Kingston.   N.Y..    1894-8.     Atty.  and   Couns. 
at  Law  Kingston.  N.Y..  1898-1913.     Died.     Ph.D.  by  Taylor  University, 
Fort  Wayne.  Ind..  1893.     See  "U.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 
Oakev,  Peter  D.,  b.  New  Brunswick,  June  22,  1816;    R.C.  41.  N.B.S.  44.  1- 
CI.  N.Y.,  Oyster  Bay,  44-7,  Brooklyn,  Middle,  47-9,  (Jamaica,  Presbyt., 
50-70).  teaching  at  Neshanic,  70-6,  also  supplying  Three  Bridges,  72,-^\ 
(Springfield.    L.L,    Presbyt,   76-87),    w.    c.     Died    Oct.    4,    i895-     See 
Manual,    1902. 
Publications:      Edited   an    edition   of   Rev.    B.    F.    Stanton's    Sermons, 
1848.— "The   War;     its    Origin.    Purposes,   and    our   Duty    Respecting    It." 
1861.— Thanksgiving  Sermon.— "Christian  Watchfulness."— 200th  Anniver- 
sary of  Presbyt.  Church.  Jamaica.  L.I.— Funeral  Sermon  of  "Nathan  Shel- 
ton,    M.D."— Address    before    the    Queen's    Co.    School    Convention,    on 
"Thales,    the    first    Ionic    School-teacher."— A    New    Year's    Exhortation. 
1868.— Hist,  of  Presbvt.  Ch.  of  Jamaica.  L.I. 

Oehl,  John  Jacob,  (del,  or  Ehlig,  or  Ehle).  b.  about  1690,  studied  at  Hei- 
delberg, ordained  in  England,  1722,  came  to  America  with  a  company 
of    Germans,    1722,    labored   among   the   Germans   along   the    Hudson, 
1722-4;   in  Schoharie  Co.  and  the  Valley  of  the  Mohawk  1724  for  many 
years.     He  also  supplied  Kinderhook  occasionally.  17-20-7.     Died   1777. 
He  wrote  to  the  Mission   Society  in   England  on  July  29,   1724.  that  he 
had  been  ordained  by  the  Bishop  of  London  in  1722.  and  had  accompanied 
a  colony  of  German.s  to  New  York  in  the  same  year ;    that  he  had  labored 
at  first' along  the   Hudson    (after  J.   F.   Haeger's   death),   but   had   subse- 
quently removed  to  Schoharie.     He  asked  that  society  to  give  him  the  same 
salarv  as  Haeger  had  received.     They  refused  to  do  this,  but  said  that  if 
he   vvould   send   them   his   certificates   to   corroborate   his   statements,   they 
would  make  him  a  present  of  $ico.     He  probably  did  send  them  or  at  least 
satisfied  them;    for  the  next  year  he  received  $100  for  past  services;    and 


442  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    Ii\    AMERICA 

again  on   Sept.  30,   1734,   he  thanks   the  society   for   its   support.     He   was 

naturalized   in    1732.     He   also,   like   Haeger,   labored   among   the    Indians. 
See  Good's  Hist.  Rfd.  Ch.  in  U.S.  147-8. 
See  a  letter  of  his  to  Sir  Wm.  Johnson,  1762,  in  "Doc.  Hist.,"  iv.,  198. 

Oerter,  John  Henry,  b.  in  Westphalia,  Germany  ;    N.B.S.  1856,  1.  CI.  N.Y., 

1856;    Warren,  1856-8,  German,  4th,  N.Y.C.,  1858-1915.     Died  Jan.  24. 

He  was  a  scholarly  man  and  an  able  administrator.     He  served  in   the 

Bd.  of  F.M.  for  32  years,  and  his  long  pastorate  of  57  years  in  New  York 

City  was  probably  unique  in  that  city. 

See  Min.  Gen.  Syn..  1915,  600.     D.D.,  R.C.,  1878. 

Publications  :      Art.   on    "Socialism,"    1878. — Vedder   Lectures    on   "So- 
cialism,"   1887. — Bibelcatechimus    fiir    die    Sonntagschule    und    den    Confir- 

manden-unterricht,   1884. 

Offord,  Robt.  Marshall,  (son  of  Rev.  John  OfTord),  b.  Sept.  17,  1846,  at 
St.  Anstell.  Cornwall,  Eng. ;  studied  the  Classics  and  Theology  in 
England.  Came  to  America,  1870;  lie.  and  ord.  by  the  Methodist 
Prot.  Ch.,  N.Y.  Conf.  76.  Entered  R.C.A.  78.  Lodi,  N.J.,  78-84, 
again  1901-1904.  On  editorial  staff  of  "N.Y.  Observer,"  1879-97. 
LL.D.  by  Taylor  Univ.  Ind. 
Publications  :    "Heart-Song,"  a  volume  of  Hymns,  with  preface  by  Dr. 

T.   L.   Cuyler. — "Life's   Golden    Lamp,"   consisting  of   the   very   words   of 

Christ,  as   found  in  the   four  Gospels,  with   a  page  of  comment  on   each 

passage,  by  366  clergymen,  of  all  lands. — "Life  of  Jerry  McAuley  ;"    sev- 
eral  editions.     Many  articles  in  the  press. 

Ogden,  L   G.     Buskirks,   1876-80. 

Oggel,  Engelbert  Christian,  b.  Axel,  Netherlands,  Sept.  28,  1841  ;  R.C. 
63,  N.B.S.  66,  I  CI.  Holland;  New  Holland,  66-9,  Editor  of  "De 
Hope,"  and  Treas.  of  Hope  College,  69-71,  pastor  elect,  Graapschap, 
71-2,  Grand  Haven,  72-7,  (Kankakee,  111.,  Presbyt.  77-80,  Chicago, 
Westminster  Presbyt.  80-4,  Bethel  Union  Ch.  and  Editor  of  "The 
Friend,"  at  Honolulu,  84-7,  Pullman,  III,  Presbyt.  87-90),  St.  Thomas, 
W.I.,  90-3,  (S.S.  Pullman,  111.,  93-4,  traveled  in  Europe,  94-6,  New 
Paltz,  N.Y.,  1896-1908.  Died  Nov.  6,  1910.  D.D.,  L.F.C.,  1890. 
Dr.  Oggel  was  a  man  of  varied  and  many  gifts,  but  was  chiefly  noted 

for  his  oratorial  ability.     He  was  a  master  of  both  the  Dutch  and  English 

languages.     He  was  also  an  earnest  Christian  walking  in  the  light  which 

grew  brighter  toward  the  end.    Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1911,  261. 

Oggel,  M.  Verne,  b.  Holland,  Mich.,  May  2^,  1889.  Univ.  Mich.,  191 1, 
N.B.S.,  1914,  S.S.  Red  Bank,  N.J.,  1912-14.  New  Paltz,  N.Y.,  1914- 
18.     Chaplain  U.S.A.,   1918.     Presbyterian. 

Oggel,  Pieter  J.  Grand  Haven,  1856-9,  Pella,  60-63,  Prof,  in  Hope  Col- 
lege, 68-9,  d.  Dec.  13. 

Oghimi,  Moto,  (Japanese),  H.C.  1879,  N.B.S.  82,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  ord.  by  CI. 
Albany,  1882.  Minister  in  Japan. — See  his  expression  of  grief  on  the 
death  of  Rev.  Dr.  A.  T.  Stewart,  1878,  in  "Stewart  Memorial."  page  41. 

Ogilvie.  James  Glaen,  b.  1794,  lie.  1826;  Montville,  1826-7,  Miss,  at  Little 
Falls  and  Fairfield,  1827-9,  Fairfield,  1829-32,  d.  Aug.  5,  from  injuries 
received  by  being  thrown   from  his  horse. 

Ohori,  Ernest  Atsushi,  b.  Tokyo,  Japan,  Sept.  2,  1880.  Wooster  Univ. 
1906,  N.B.S.  1909,  1.  by  CI.  N.B.  1909.     Missionary  to  the  Japanese  in 

New  York  City,  1909 

Publications:    Monthlv — The  Eastern  Light,  1918 

Oi,  Mitsuye,  (Japanese),  b.  Oct.  30,  1864.  R^C.  1892,  N.B.S.  95,  1.  CI.  N.B. 
Teaching  in  Japan,  1895-1903,  d.-Oct.  i. 

Olandt,  Claus,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  1858.  C.U.  Sec.  of  International  Com. 
Y.M.C.A.  1881.  Founder  of  Sunnyside  Ref.  Ch.,  L.I.,  1896.  1.  by  Pres. 
Ozark,  1903.  (Bethany  Pres.  Ch.,  Joplin,  Mo.,  1903-1905).  Cortland- 
town,  Mont  Rose,  N.Y.,  1905-20,  Blawenburg,  N.J.,  1921 

Oldenburgher,  Teunis.  Charles  Mix,  S.D.,  1914-16.  (Nederdeutsch  Ger- 
eformeerde  Gemeente,  Mu.skegon,  Mich.,  1916 


THE    MINISTRY  443 

Olincla,  Douw.     S.S.,  Auriesville,  1845-6. 

Oliver,  Mattliew  Xcwkirk,  b.  Marbletown,  N.Y.,  Nov.   12,   1834;    U.C.  S7, 
N.B.S.    71,    1.    CI.    Kingston;     Clover    Hill.    71-84,    Rosendale,    84-90, 
Tappan,  90-1901,  d.  Dec.  12,  1904. 
Air.  Oliver  was  a  very  modest  man,  but  strong  in  Christian  principle.     By 

speech  and  through  the  press  he  spoke  for  Christ  and  evinced  a  high  order 

of  ability  and  a  wide  range  of  study.     See  Min.  Gen.,  1905,  282. 

PuBLic.vTioxs :    Alany  articles  in  the  press  especially  on  the  relation  of 

Christianit}^  to  various  scientific  theories. 

Olney,  Eugene  C.     Wynantskill,  N.Y.,  1891-2. 

Oltmans,  Albert,  b.  Zuidbroek,  Prov.  of  Groningen,  Netherlands,  Nov.  19, 
1854;  H.C.  83,  N.B.S.  86,  lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.  of  Grand  River,  Aug.  12, 
86;  Missionary  in  South  Japan,  1886-1902.  Alissionary  in  North  Japan, 
1902-07.     Acting  Sec.  Bd.  P.M.,  Western  District,  1907-10.     [Missionary 

in  Japan,  1910 .    Vice  Pres.  Gen.  Syn.,  1903,  1908.    D.D.,  H.C,  1902. 

PuBLic.xTioxs  :   Tokyo  Letters  in  Church  Papers. 

Oosterhof,  Albert,  b.  Spring  Lake,  Mich.,  Nov.  24,  1866;  H.C.  92,  W.S. 
95,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Greenleafton,  Minn.,  95-1901,  Danforth,  111.,  19C1- 
1904.  New  Era,  Mich.,  1904-09.  Freemont  Centre,  Mich.,  1909-14. 
Decatur,  Mich.,  1914-18.     DeMotte,  Ind..  1918— . 

Oppie,  John,  b.  at  Griggstown,  N.  J.,  1854;  R-C  1874.  N.B.S.  1878,  lie.  CI. 
N.B. ;    Geneva,   1878-9.     Died  Feb.  29,    1880. 

Ormiston,  Wm.,  b.  in  parish  of  Symington,  Lanarkshire,  Scotland,  Ap.  2t„ 
1821  ;  moved  to  Canada,  1834 ;  University  of  Victoria  Coll..  Cobourg, 
Can.,  1848;  classical  tutor  in  same,  45-7,  Prof,  of  Moral  Philosophy 
in  same,  47-8;  pastor  of  Newtonville,  Can.,  49-53,  mathematical  master 
and  lecturer  in  Nat.  Phil,  and  Chemistry,  Normal  Schools,  Toronto, 
53-7,  examiner  in  Toronto  University,  54-7.  superintendent  of  Classical 
grammar  schools,  in  Province  of  Ontario,  55-63,  pastor  of  Central 
Presbyt.  Ch.  Hamilton,  Can.,  57-70 ;  Collegiate  Ch.,  5th  av.  and  29th 
St.,  N.Y.C..  70-88.  supplied  pulpits  in  Pasadena,  Cal.,  88-94.  Died 
Mar.  19.  1899.  Trustee  of  R.C.  1876.— D.D.  by  N.Y.U.  1865.— LL.D. 
by  Victoria  Coll.  1881. 
He  was  a  vigorous  man,  rough  in  body  as  his  native  hills.     Without  aid 

he  forced  his  way  upward  in  his  early  life.     In  his  prime  he  ranked  as  one 

of  the   strikirg,  popular  and   useful  preachers   in   New   York   City.     Five 

times  a  week  he  spoke  to  crowded  assemblies.     These  labors  broke  down 

even  his  stalwart   frame  and  he  had  a  long  evening  twilight.     See   Alan- 

ual,  1902. 

See  sketch  of  his  life  and  portrait  in  "Pulpit  Treasury,"   Sept.,   1883. — 

"Year  Books  of  Collegiate  Church,  N.Y.C."   1899,  page  840,  and   1901,  p. 

319- 

PuBLic.xTioxs :     A  sermon  commemorative  of  Dr.  Thos.  De  Witt,  1874. 
— "Must  I  Repent  First?"     In  "Words  in  Season,"  1876. 

Many  letters  and  articles  to  the  newspaper  press,  especially  in  1872.  a 
series  of  letters  from  the  Pacific  Coast,  in  the  "S.S.  Times." — Another 
series  in  1892  in  the  "Scottish  American." — A  series  of  Notes  on  the  S.S. 
Lessons  in  "S.S.  Times." — Edited  Commentary  on  the  Acts  of  the  Apostles, 
in  "Aleyer's  Commentary,"  1882. — A  number  of  sermons. — A  Commentary 
on  the  Epistle  of  James  ;  in  "Homiletical  Monthlv." 
Orr,  Thos.  N.,  b.  at  Orrstown,  Pa.,  Aug.  10,   1836;    Jefif.  Col.  57,  AUegh. 

Scm.  63;    lie.  Presbyt.  Carlisle,  62;    ord.  Presbyt.  Allegheny  City,  63; 

(Allegheny  Central  Ch.,  63-9)  ;    Philadelphia,   ist,  69-83.    (Peoria,  2d, 

83-1894),  w.  c. 
Osborn,'  Alichael,  b.  Essex  Co.,  N.J.,  Mar.  21,  1796;    P.S.  1822;    (Metuchen, 

1822-.. .   Newbern.    N.C.,   Club   Creek,   Va.,   all    Presbyt.);    Schraalen- 

burgh,   1838-41,    (Brierv,  \'a..   1841-..,   Farmville,  Va.),  d.   1863.     See 

"P.S.  Gen.  Cat." 
Ossewaarde,   James,  b.   Zecland,   Mich.,  July   22,    1869;     H.C.  90,   P.S.  94, 


444  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IM    AMERICA 

Studied,  1894,  Edinburgh,  Scotland;  Pella,  2d,  la.,  95-9,  Grand  Rapids, 
Bethany  Ch..  1899-1902,  Chaplain,  U.S.  Army,  1902-20,  d.  Jan.  3.  See 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1920,  277. 
Ossewaarde,  John.  b.  Zeeland,  Mich.,  July  12,  1S73;  H.C.  97,  P.S.  1900, 
lie.  CI.  Holland;  New  Era,  Mich..  1900-1904,  Grandville,  Mich.,  1904- 
08,  Albany,  N.Y.,  5th,  1908-11,  East  Williamson,  N.Y.,   1911-18,  Eben- 

ezer,  Leighton,  la.,  1918 

Ossewaarde,    Martin,   b.    Wissenkerke,    Netherlands.    Nov.    10.    1865-     HC 
1888.  N.B.S.  1891,  lie.  CI.  N.B.;  Holland  Ch..  N.Y.C.,  91-93,  East  Wil- 
liamson, N.Y..  93-97,  Abbe  Ch.,  Clymer.  N.Y.,  1897-1905,  Summit,  111., 
1905-08,    Pella,   la.,   4th,    1908-09,   Prairie   View,   Kan.,    1909-12,    Sioux 
Centre,  la.,   1912-16,  d.  July  8.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,   1917,  250. 
Ostrander,  Henry,  b.  at  Plattekill,  N.Y.,  Mar.  11,1781;    U.C.   1799,  studied 
under  Froeligh,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1800;    Coxsackie,  1801-10,  Catskill,   (or 
Leeds),  10-12,  Catsbaan,  12-62;    also  pastor  at  Saugerties  village,  39-40, 
and  S.S.  at  Hurley,   11-14,  w.  c. — Died  Nov.  22,  1872.     D.D.  by   R.C., 
1844. 
He  greatly  admired  Dr.  Froeligh,  his  teacher,  although  he  discountenanced 
his  secession  in  1822.     He  was  a  good  pastor  and  agreeable  companion,  and 
his  preaching  was  full  of  instruction.     His  influence  in  ecclesiastical  bodies 
was  great,  and  in  controversy,  firm  though  gentle  he  seldom  met  his  equal. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  Arts,  in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Revs.  John  Schunema, 
Sol.  Froeligh,  Moses  Froeligh,  and  Jac.  Sickles.  Fifteen  of  his  sermons 
are  published  in  Gordon's  memoir  of  him,  with  selections  from  his  auto- 
biography, and  extracts  from  his  letters. 

Ostrander,  Stephen,  b.  at  Plattekill,  Dec.  6.  1769   ;  studied  under  Meyer  and 
Livingston,   (Meyer's  last  student),  1.  Synod  of  R.D.  Chs.   1792;    Miss, 
along  the   Mohawk,   1792-3,   Miss,  to  western  parts  of   Greene,   Ulster, 
and  Sullivan  Cos.  and  to  Delaware  Co.,  N.Y.,   1793,    (M.G.S.   i.  264). 
Oak  Hill  and  Catskill,   1793-4,  Pompton   Plains  and  Parsippany,   1794- 
1809,  Schaghticoke  and  Tyashoke,   1810-21,  Argyle,    (S.S.)   every  third 
Sab.,    1810-..,    Miss,    in    N.Y.C.,    Hoboken,    Powle's    Hook,   and    Har- 
simus.  22-3.  Oak  Hill  and  Durham,  24-31,  Blooming  Grove,  31-9,  emer- 
itus, d.  1845,  Nov.  17. 
He  was  descended  from  pious  parents  who  consecrated  him  to  the  ministry 
from  his  infancy.     He  was  a  man  of   solid  character  and  good  judgment, 
whose  activity  on  the  home  mission  field  and  in  his  frontier  settlements  was 
most  beneficial. 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Ostrom,  Alvin,  b.  at  Rhinebeck,  N.Y.,  Jan.  10,  1831  ;    R.C.  55,  N.B.S.  58,  1. 

CI Missionary  to  China  1858-64,  Franklin,  66-9,  (Presbyt.  Tom- 

hannock  and  Johnsonville.   Rens  Co.,   N.Y.,  70-71,   State  Centre,   Iowa. 

71-3,    Nevada,    Iowa,   73-4;     supplying   chs.    in    Carpenteria,    .San    Luis 

Obispo,  Oroville,  all  in  California,  75-82;    Home  Missionary  of  Cong. 

Home   Miss.,   Soc,   in   California,   82-86;    pastor,   Cong.   Ch..    Kohala, 

Hawaiian  Islands,  86-98.     Died  Feb.  27). 

In  the  Sandwich  Islands  he  also  labored  among  the  Chinese,  Japanese, 

and  English-speaking  people.     He  was  a  very  busy  man,  a  warm-hearted, 

enthusiastic,  and  consecrated  Christian.     By  a  kind  of  spiritual   intuition, 

he   could   readily   and    rapidly    reach   the   deeper   meaning   of   passages   of 

Scripture.     See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  of  R.C,"  1898,  21. 

Publications:     Translation  (in  part)  of  the  Gospel  of  Mark  into  Amoy 
Colloquial. 

Oswald,  Christian,  b.  Aug.  6,  1868,  Brooklvn.  N.Y.,  Bloomfield  Sch  and 
Sem.  1898.  1.  by  CI.  Maryland  Ref.  Ch",  U.S..  1899,  (Ger.  Ref.,  Zion 
Baltimore,    Md.,    1899-1901),   Emanuel,    Brooklyn,    1903-07,    Church   of 

Jesus,  Brooklyn,  1907 

Otte,   Johannes    Abraham,    M.D.,    b.    at    Flushing,    Netherlands,    Aug.    11, 


THE   MINISTRY  445 

1861  ;    H.C.  and  Univ.  of  Mich..  83,  1.  CI.  Mich.,  Aug.  96,  Med.  Mis- 
sionary to  Amoy,  China,  1887 ,  ordained  by  CI.  Mich.,  Sept.,  1896, 

in  China,  1896- 1910,  d.  April  14. 
Dr.  Otte  engaged  .steadily  in  his  work  during  the  years  of  his  services 
"with  an  enthusiasm  which  was  peculiarly  his  own.  His  labors  were  won- 
derfully blessed.  Two  hospitals  founded  by  him  are  his  moi.uments.  In 
the  full  tide  of  a  useful  life  he  was  stricken  with  Asiatic  plague  and  in  a 
few  hours  laid  low.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,   1910,  830. 

•Otterson,  Jas..  b.  in   X.Y.C.   1791  ;    C.C.   1806,  studied  with  Mason,  lie.   by 
Assoc.  Ref.  21  :    (Broadalbin,  Assoc.  Ref.  21-7),  Oyster  Bay  and  North 
Hempstead,   27-34.   Freehold.   35-8.   Rockaway.  40-5,    ( Presbyt.   Johns- 
town.  N.Y..  45-...  Wilmington.  Del.,    18.. -63),  d.   1867.     See  Manual 
of   1879. 
■Ottinger,  John  Clowell.  b.   Newark,   N.J..   Sept.   12.   1887,   Bloomficld,   1908, 
Bloomfield   Sem..   191 1.   U.S..    1911-12,   1.   by   Pres.   of   Brooklyn.    191 1, 
Hicksville,   L.I..   1912-18.   Pottersville,   N.J.,   1918— 
•Overbagh.   Peter   A.,  b.   1779:    studied   theol.   under   Livingston,   lie.    1803: 
Bethlehem  and  Coeymans.  1805-6.  Woodstock,  1806-9.  Woodstock  and 
Flatbush.   { Ulster ).  "1809-17.  pfatbush.   (Ulster).  17-41.  d.   1842.     After 
1834,  preached  also  at   Plattekill  station.     See  Manual  of   1879. 
■Owens,  James  Henrv.  b.  Hvde  Park,  N.Y..   Tan.  6.  1857.  R.C.  1878,  N.B.S. 

1881,   1 Fairfield,  81-4.   Bushnell.   111..  84-6,    (Presbyt.),    D.D., 

L.F.C.  1907. 

Paige,  Winslow,  b.  Hartwick.  Mass..  1768;  Dartmouth  Coll.  and  Brown 
Univ.;  ord.  by  Congregationalists.  1789;  Stephentown,  Rens.  Co.,  N.Y., 
1789-92;  Schaghticoke  and  Stillwater,  (or  Sinthoik).  1793-1807.  Flor- 
ida. 1808-14,  Florida  and  Windham.  14-20,  Broome,  Blenheim,  (Break- 
abin),  and  Windham,  20-30,  also  Miss,  at  Beaverdam.  22,  Windham  and 
Broome,  27-29,  Broome,  29-36,  Gilboa.  36-1838.  d.  Mar.  15. 

Palmer.  Charles  Lott.  b.  at  Poughkeepsie.  N.Y..  March  6.  1868;  Pelham  Int.; 
N.B.S.  1894.  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie;  Ponds,  N.J.,  94-7,  Ephrata  and  Stone 
Arabia.  N.Y..  97-9.  Shokan  and  Shandaken.  N.Y..   1899-1902.  Kingston. 

Church  of  the  Comforter.  1903-14,  Freehold,  ist   (Marlboro).  1914 

Publications:    Manv  articles  for  the  press. 

Palmer.  Frederic  W., 'b.  Victor.  N.Y.,  Ham.  C.  1881,  Aub.  Sem.  88.  1. 
Presb.  Geneva;  Farmer,  N.Y.,  88-93,  (Central  Presb.  Ch..  Auburn, 
1893-1921. 

Palmer,  James,  b.  Brooke  Co.,  W.  Va..  Aug.  11,  1865;  Washington  and 
Jeffer.son  College,  87.  U.S.,  90,  1.  Presbyt.  Washington;  Manor  Chapel 
of  South  Dutch  Ch..  N.Y.C..  1890-1914.     Presbyterian.     Ph.D. 

Palmer,  Robert  \'anderbih.  b.  May  9,  1861,  R.C.  83,  N.B.S.  86,  1.  CI , 

Griggstovvn,  N.J.,  86-90,  Shawangunk,  N.Y.,  90-1893.  d.  March  2. 
He   was   a   young   man   of    marked   ability   and   originality.      He   was    a 

thorough   student   especially   in   the   Biblical   languages.      His    ministry   w-as 

marked  by  a  high  idea  of  duty.    But  he  was  cut  down  in  the  morning  of  his 

career. 

See  Manual,  1902. 

Palmer,  Sylvanus,  b.  1770;  studied  under  Bassett,  1.  CI.  All)any,  1802;  em- 
ployed by  Northern  Miss.  Soc.  at  Union  and  Chenango.  i8;)2-8.  Union. 
(Tioga  Co.),  and  Chenango,  1808-18,  Middletown  and  Fonda's  Bush, 
1818-20,  suspended,  1822,  .seceded.  (Union.  1822-25.  Union  and  Flats, 
1825-9,  declared  independent;    Tribe's   Hill  and  Mayfield;  d.   1846). 

Pannkuk,  Henry,  b.  Parkerburgh,  la.,  July  15,  1887.  Univ.  Dubuque  1907, 
W..T.S.  1910,  1.  by  CI.  P.P.  1910.    Mcservey.  la.,  1910 

Papa,  Joseph  M.  A.,  b.  Nov.  18,  1890.     Ord.  by  M.E.  Ch.   1913.     Chicago, 

Kensington  Italian  Mission,  1917 

PiBLicATioNs  :    Contributions  to  Italian  Press. 

Park,  And.  Jackson,  b.  at  Rye  Gate,  Vt.,  1834:    N.Y.U.  63,  U.S.  66,  lie.  and 


446  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

ord.  4th  Presb.  (N.S.),  N.Y.C.,  66;  (Brownsville,  Texas,  66-8,  in 
Northern  Mexico,  68-72;  these  labors  were  independent,  until  Feb.  70, 
when  he  received  help  from  Am.  and  For.  Ch.  Union)  ;  Jersey  City, 
Free  Ref.  Ch.,  72-8,  Miss,  at  in  Fulton  St.,  N.Y.C.,  78-82,  (Weston, 
Ct.,  82-88,  Huntington,  Ct.,  88-99,  Leonard's  Bridge,  Ct.,  1901 — all  Con- 
gregational),   d.  Dec,  191 7. 

Park,  Charles,  b.  Alleghenv,  Pa.,  Dec.  16,  1862;  Ham.  C.  85;  Allegheny 
T.S.  85-6;  U.T.S.  86-8;  ord.  by  Presbyt.  Lima,  Feb.  4,  90 ;  (Presbyt. 
Home  Mission  Work,  88-90,  Astoria,  N.Y.,  90-8);  Hudson,  N.Y.,  1898- 

1914.     Preaching,  lecturing  and  historical  work,  1914 .     D.D.  Ham. 

Col.  1913. 
Publications:    Hist.   Ser.  Presbyt.  Ch.,  Astoria,   1896. — Annual  Sermon 

before  Y.M.C.A.,  Hudson,  1899. 

Park,  Clearfield,  b.  Phillipsburg,  N.J.,  Oct.  8,  1856;  Laf.  Col.  ^(i,  U.T.S. 
76-8,  P.S.  78-9;  (ord.  by  Presb.  of  West  Jersey,  Nov.  17,  79;  Mill- 
ville,  N.J..  79-94)  ;  Woodstock,  N.Y.,  1896-1904.  Died  Jan.  14.  S.S. 
West  Hurley,   1901-04,  Min.  Gen.   Syn.,  1904,  841. 

Parker,  Archibald  Frazer,  b.  N.Y.C.  Feb.  18,  1865,  N.B.S.  1900,  ord.  by 
Pres.  Jersey  City,  1900.  (Emmanuel  Pres.  and  Kiiigsland  Chapel, 
Rutherford,  N.J.,  1900-01,  Monroe,  N.Y.,  Pres.,  1901-06),  Ass.  West 
End  Col.  N.Y.C,  1907-08,  Anderson  Memorial,  N.Y.C,  1908-12, 
Wyckoff,  N.J.,  1912 ,  Post  Graduate,  U.S.,  1907-08. 

Parker,  Chs.,  b.  New  Haven,  Ct.,  July  16,  1816;  U.S.  48;  ord.  (Cong.) 
Nov.  5,  48;  (S.S.  Pleasant  Valley,  N.Y.,  48-9,  S.S.  Ramapo,  N.Y., 
49-50,  S.S.  N.Y.C.  50-I*,  S.S.  West  Hoboken  51-3),  Hoboken  54-7,  Ber- 
gen Point  58-60,  (S.S.  Irving,  Kansas  61-5,  occasional  supply,  ditto, 
65-73),  Hoboken  74-9.  Died  May  24,  1888. 
A  natural  orator  with  unsurpassed  beauty  of  language. 

Parker,  David,  from  England;  Philadelphia,  2d,  1817-20,  Rhinebeck  Flats 
1820-6,   returned  to   Eng.     Died   1828    (?). 

Parry,  Joseph,  Fort  Miller  1833-7,  w.  c.  1837-60. 

Parsons,  Andrew,  1.  Presbyterians  Richtield  Springs,  S.S.  Columbia  1864, 
Sharon  1882-6,  Knox  and  Berne,  2d,  86-94,  w.  c.  Died  at  Palo  Alto, 
Cal.,  1904.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.  1905,  283. 

Pasma,  Henry  K.,  H.C  1910,  W.T.S.  1913,  1.  by  CI.  Holland,  Oostburg, 
Wis.,  1913-17,  Lynden,  Wash.,  1917,  S.C  CI.  of  Cascades. 

Paton,  Thomas,  b.  in  Scotland,  1837;  U.S.  1868,  1.  CI.  N.Y.,  1868;  died 
Ap.  19,  1869. 

Paulison,  Christian  Z.,  b.  near  Hackensack,  1805;    C.N.J.  1822,  N.B.S.  1826,. 

1.  CI.  N.B.  1826;    Marbletown,  1826-29,  Aquackanonck,  1829-31,  seceded, 

(Hackensack  and   Paterson,   1832,   suspended  by  seceders,   Hackensack, 

independent,  1832-40,  Glen,  1840-18-..,  d.  1851). 

Publications:    "Development   of    Facts   Justifying   a    L^nion   with   True 

R.D.C"      1831, — An   Address   to   the    "Friends   of    True    Godliness    yet    in 

Connection  with  True  R.D.C."     Pp.  61.     1832. 

Pavson,  George  H.,  b.  New  Hartford,  N.  J.,  Jan.  5,  1852.  Ham.  Col.  yz, 
U.S.  78,  1.  by  Pres.  Utica,  78.  (Pres.  Roselyn.  1880-82,  Newtown,  L.L, 
1882-1890,  Rahway,  N.J.,  ist,  1890-94).  Paterson,  N.J.,  Broadway, 
1905-07.      Prof.    Ethics   and    Evidences   of    Christianity    R.C,    1907-13. 

New   Brunswick,   N.J.,   Suydam   St.,    1913 .     Y.M.C.A.    Sec,   Camp 

Raritan,  1917-18.    D.D.,  Ham.  Col.,  1902. 
Publications:    Presbyterian  Worship,  History  of  ist  Pres.  Ch.,  Rahway. 

Paxson,  Alex.  T.     N.B.S.   1919,  1.  by  CI.   N.B.   1919.     Kerhonksen,   N.Y., 

igig 

Pearse,  Jacob  Lansing,  b.  in  Niskayuna,  N.Y.,  Oct.  5,  1829;  U.C  1849, 
P.S.  1856,  1.  bv  CI.  Schenectadv;  Hagaman's  Mills,  N.Y.,  1856-60, 
Bethlehem,  2d,  (Delmar),  N.Y.,  1860-98,  d.  Nov.  8th.  S.C.  CI.  Albany 
1871-1898. 


THE    MINISTRY  447 

Admirable  man,  faitliful  pastor  and  preacher.     As  he  desired,  he  died  in 

the  harness. 

See  Manual,  1902. 

Pearse,  Nicholas,  b.  in  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  1846;  R.C.  70,  N.B.S.  7Z,  1-  CI. 
Schenectady.  New  Salem  and  Clarksville,  7i-7,  New  Lotts,  1877-190J, 
Gallatin,  N.Y.,  1903-09,  d.  May  19.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1909,  533. 

Pearse,  Richard  A.,  b.  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  Jan.  29,  1849.  R.C.  1870,  N.B.S. 
7i,  1.  CI.  Schenectady,  1873;  Florida,  1873-1919.  P.Em.  1919.  D.D., 
R.C,  1910. 

Pease,  C.  B.  F.    West  Troy,  North,  1893-9. 

Peck,    (or   Pick),   Diederich   Christian   A.,   Canajoharie  and   Stone   Arabia, 
1788-96,  Stone  Arabia,  1796- 1800,  S.S.,  Schoharie,  1797-8,  German  Flats 
and  Herkimer,  1798-1800,  suspended;    d.  1802. 
A  portly  man,  an  amateur  equestrian,  and  who  has   left  behind  him  the 

reputation   of   an   unsurpassed   orator.      Great   congregations   thronged    him 

everywhere. 

Publications:    Farewell  Sermon,  1796,  in  German. 

Peck,  Thos.  Ruggles  Gold,  b.  Whitesboro,  N.Y.,  1831 ;  Y.C.  48,  P.S.  and 
U.S.  51,  1.  Presbyt.  N.Y.  1852;  traveled  in  the  East,  1852-3,  ord.  Evang. 
Presbyt.  N.Y.,  1853;  Ass.  Ed.  "N.Y.  Observer,"  1853-4,  ord.  CI.  N.Y. 
Ap.  18,  54;  Richmond,  S.I.,  54-60,  independent  Huguenot  Ch.,  Charles- 
ton, S.C.,  59-64,  Hastings-upon-Hudson,  65-82.     See  "U.  Sem.  Cat." 

Peeke,  Alonzo  Paige,  b.  Nov.  22,,  1835,  at  Rotterdam,  N.Y.;    R.C.  59,  N.B.S. 

62,  1.   CI.   Schenectady ;     Shokan  and   Shandaken.  62-5,   Ovvasco,   65-72, 

Rhinebeck,    72-9,    De    Kalb,    la.,    80-1,    Centreville,    Mich.,    81-91,    East 

Millstone,  91-1900,  d.  Aug.  21. 

He  was  an  earnest  and  devoted  man.    While  in  the  West  he  was  for  a  long 

time  on  the  Bds.  of  the  Western  Education  Institutions.     See  Alanual,  1902. 
Publications:     Semi-Centennial    Hist.    Address    at    Centreville,    Mich., 

1891. — Hist.  Ser.  at  40th  Anniv.  at  East  Millstone,  1895. 

Peeke,  Geo.  H.,  b.  Rotterd^im,  N.Y.,  March  18,  1833  (brother  of  Rev.  A. 
P.  Peeke),  R.C.  1857,  N.B.S.  60,  1.  CI.  Schenectady;  Miss,  at  South 
Bend.  Ind.,  60-1,  Glenville,  ist,  61-3,  Greenpoint,  63-5,  Jersey  City, 
1st,  65-70,  Davenport,  70-73,  Owasco,  73-6.  (Cong.,  Chicago,  76-83, 
Sandusky,  83-90,  Cleveland,  1890-94.  Pres.  1898— — ). 

Peeke,  Harmon  Van  Slvck,  (son  of  Rev.  A.  P.  Peeke),  b.  Owasco,  N.Y., 
Nov.  6,  1866:  H.C.  87,  N.B.S.  91-2,  Aub.  Sem.  93.  1.  and  ord.  CI.  Mich.; 
Teacher  of  English,  under  Bd.  For.  Miss.  R.C. A.,  87-91 ;    Missionary 

in  Japan   1893 .     Instructor   in   Biblical    Subjects,   Park  Col.,   Mo., 

1918.    Acting  Gen.  Sec.  Christian  Literature,  Soc.  of  Japan,  1920.    D.D., 
H.C,  1913. 
Publications:    Editor  Myoyo — Monthly  paper  for  students,   1920.     Six 

Thousand  Chinese  Characters,  191 5.     Booklets  in  Japanese  Language  Study, 

etc. 

Peffers,  Aaron  Burr,  b.  N.Y.C,  1824;  U.N.Y.  50.  U.S.  53;  Schodack,  1869- 
72.    See  "U.S.  Gen.  Cat." 

Peiret,    Pierre,    (French    Refd.),    b.    1645;     came    from    Foix.    Southern 
France;    London.   16.. -87,  N.Y.C.  French  Ch..   1687-1704,  d.  Nov.   i. 
He  at  once  organized  his  fellow  companions  into  a  church  called  "The 

French  Church  of  New  York,"  or  "The  Church  of  the  French  Refugees 

at    New    York."      The    following   year    a    church    building   was    erected    in 

Marketheld  street,  whose  site  is  now  covered  by  the  Produce   Exchange. 

A  gallery  was  added  to  the  building  in  1692,  which  would  scat  from  300  to 

400  people.     The  church  was  always  crowded  with  refugees.     On  Sundays 

they  came  from  20  miles  round  about — from  Long  Island,   Staten   Island, 

New  Rochelle.  etc.     The  streets  about  were  filled  with  wagons  as  early  as 

Saturday   evening,   in   which   they   passed   the   night   and   ale   their    frugal 

Sunday   meals. 
Air.  Daille  continued  to  officiate  to  the  former  French  inhaiiitaiits  in  the 


448  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH    IX    AMERICA 

Fort  until  1692,  when  all  united  in  the  new  French  Church.  Peiret  officiated 
in  the  church,  generally,  while  Daille  itinerated  among  the  scattered  French 
settlements.  All  the  French,  within  the  vicinity  of  many  miles,  were  con- 
sidered as  constituting  one  French  Church,  and  the  income  was  divided 
between  the  two  pastors.  The  Dutch  also  left  the  Fort,  for  their  new 
church  in  Garden  street,  in  1693.  The  French  naturally  sympathized  with 
Leisler,  rather  than  with  the  Catholic  Governors  of  James  II.  Yet  neither 
Daille  nor  Peiret  were  blind  to  Leisler's  faults.  They  even  remonstrated 
with  him  against  his  excesses,  but  he  threatened  them  with  imprison- 
ment. Peiret  finally  turned  against  him,  but  Daille  stood  by  him  to  the 
end,  even  circulating  petitions  for  his  pardon.  But  this  brought  Daille 
into  difhculties  with  Governor  Slaughter.  Peiret  became,  in  1696,  sole 
pastor  of  the  French  Ch.  in  New  York.  He  had  been  at  first  supported  in 
his  opposition  to  Leisler  by  prominent  Huguenots,  as  de  Lancey,  Barberie, 
Boudinot,  Le  Boyteulx,  Mesnard,  de  Peyster,  Minvielle,  Bayard,  de  Forest, 
and  others,  but  the  people  generally  were  on  the  side  of  Leisler.  The 
French  also  opposed  Governor  Bellomont ;  1698-1701,  and  hence  he  refused 
to  naturalize  a  number  of  them,  and  cut  ofif  £20  from  the  allowance  to  the 
French  minister.  The  French  Church  continued  to  grow,  so  that  in  1703, 
they  secured  an  act  to  sell  their  property,  and  build  elsewhere  a  larger 
church  and  also  a  parsonage.  On  July  8,  1704,  Cornbury  laid  the  corner- 
stone of  a  new  French  church,  to  be  called  " Lc  Temple  dii  Saint  Esprit." 
This  was  located  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Pine  and  Nassau  streets,  and 
continued  there  until  1831.  but  Peiret  died  before  it  was  finished.  He 
was  buried  in  Trinity  Church-yard.  He  was  a  man  of  great  learning,  and 
a  noble  example  of  the  Huguenot  pastor.  He  was  deeply  interested  in 
the  material  and  the  religious  interests  of  his  persecuted  and  exiled  breth- 
ren.    He  was  firmly  attached  to  the  Presbyterian  Polity. 

Publications:  See  "Baird's  Huguenots  in  America,"  ii.,  100,  118,  146. — 
"Acts  of  Legislature,"  1703. — "Murphy's  Anthology,"  379,  119,  120. — "Doc. 
Hist.,  N.Y.,"  ii..  247,  iii.,  250,  560,  650,  707,  1167;  iv. — "N.Y.  Hist.  Soc. 
Colls.,"  1868,  407.  "Collections  of  the  Huguenot  Soc,"  xxi.-xxxv. — "Col. 
Docs.,  N.Y.,"  iii.,  415,  749. — "Baird's  Daille,"  95. — "Smith's  New  York,"  44. 
Pelgrim,  Jacob  Carleton,  b.  Holland,  Mich.,  June  9,  1883,  H.C.  1905,  N.B.S. 
1908,  1.  by  CI.  N.B.,  Jersev  Citv,  Central  Ave.,  1909-16,  (Frankfort,  Kv.), 
D.D.  H.C.  1921. 
Peltz,  Tohn,  N.B.S.  1816-18. 

Peltz,  Philip,  b.  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Dec.  6.  1823:    U.Pa.  45,  N.B.S.  48,  1. 

CI.    Philadelphia;     Coeymans    and    New    Baltimore,    48-51,    Coxsackie, 

51-7,   Totowa,   1st,   S7-60,   Cor.   Sec.   Bd.   For.   Miss.,  60-5.   New   Paltz, 

65-1881  ;    emeritus.     Died  June  26,  1883.     D.D.  by  U.C.  1866. 

He  was  one  of  the  most  prominent  ministers  of  the  Reformed  Church. 

As  a  preacher  he  was  sound  and  successful  and  the  force  of  his  character 

left  its  impress  on  the  entire  denomination.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Penning,  Garret  J.,  b.  Oct.  7,  1880.  Orange  City.  la.,  H.C.  05.     W.T.S.  1908, 

J.  by  CI.  la.  Missionary  to  Arabia  1908. 
Pepper,  John  P.,  b.  1809;    Fort  Plain,  1837-40,  Warren,  N.Y.,  1840-5.  w.  c. 

Died  May  15,  1883. 
Perkens,   Frederick,  b.  Lock  Haven,  Pa.,   Sept.   12.   1865,  Ham.   Col.   1889. 
P.S.    1892,   1.   by   Pres.   of   New   Brunswick   1892,    (Pres.    Binghamton, 
N.  Y.,  Broad  Ave.  1894-1900),  Lodi,  N.Y.,  1905-09,  St.  Johnsville.  N.Y., 
1909-1917,  (Presbyterian,  New  Berlin.  1917-20.  S.S.  Binghamton,  N.Y., 
Broad   Ave.    1920. 
Perlee,  Clarence  M.,  b.  Jersey  City,  Oct.  30.  1856;    R.C.  1880,  N.B.S.  83,  1. 
CI.  N.Y. ;    Clarksville  and  Onesquethaw,  84-7,  S.S.,  Central  Bridge,  87, 
Boonton.  88-91,   Leeds,  91-9,   St.   Thomas,  W.I..   1902-1911,  d.   July   16, 
1915.     See  Min.  Gen.  Svn.,  1916,  927. 
Perry,  William  D.,  b.  Perryville,  Md..  Nov.  i,  1846;    Am.C.  70,  U.T.S.  70-2. 
73-4;    ord.  N.  CI.  L.I.,  Jan.  25,  1875;    Good-will  Miss..  3d  av.  and  S2d 


THE    MINISTRY  449 

St.,  N.Y.C.,  74;  St.  Johns,  Laurel  Hill,  and  ist  Cli.,  L.I.  City,  74-5, 
Prin.  Academy,  Hudson,  N.Y.,  75-82,  Greenport,  (Columbia  Co.), 
N.Y.,  82-6,  Brooklyn,  North,  86-90,  City  Missionary,  91-3,  Bushwick, 
94-5,  S.S.,  Bedford  (Brooklyn),  95-6,  S.S.,  Belmont,  97-8;  1902,  Episco- 
palian. Dead. 
Pershing.  Orlando  Boyd,  b.  Asland,  O.,  May  19,  1871 ;  U.C.  1897,  Aub. 
Sem.  1900.  lie.  by  Cayuga  Prcsb.  Ap.  11,  1899;  (Presbyt.,  Cato,  N.Y., 
19CO-01),  West  Troy,  1901-1903.  Presbyterian. 
Peters,  Joseph  D.,   (brother  of  Madison  C.  Peters),  West  Farms,   1896-7, 

Canajoharie,   1897-1910,  Hoboken,  First,  1910 

Peters.  Madison  C,  b.  Lehigh  Co.,  Pa.,   1859,  Franklin  and  Marshall  Col. 

Heidelberg   Theo.    Sem.,    Tiffin,    O.      Bloomingdale,    N.Y.C.,    1890-1900. 

Became  Baptist.      (Bapt.,  Brooklyn,   Summer  Ave.,   1900-05,   Baltimore, 

Epiphany,  1905-06,  Independent,  d.  1919. 

Publication's:   Many  books  on  popular  subjects. 

Peterson.  Carl  S.  T.,  b.  Copenhagen,  Denmark,  Oct.  16,  1859.     N.B.S.  1890- 

92.    Methodist  Episcopal. 
Petrie,    Jeremiah,    b.    Herkimer,    N.Y.,    1825 ;     U.C.    46,    Aub.    Sern.    49,    1, 
Presbyt.  Geneva;    Herkimer  and  Ilion,   1864-8.     For  other  settlements, 
see  "Aub.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 
Pettengill.     S.S.,  Amsterdam  (Port  Jackson),  1870-72. 

Pettcrsson,  Henrv  Martin,  b.  Amsterdam,  Neth.,  Sept.  23,  1876.  Missionary 
Col.  1905.  W.T.S.  1912.  1.  by  CI.  Holland.  Wichert  (Koster),  111., 
1912-14,  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  1914-16,  Corsica,  S.D.,  1916-20,  North  Mar- 
ion, N.D.,  1920-21,  Bethany,  Sully,  la.,  1921 

Pevton,  J.  B.    Free  Will  Baptist.    Timmonsville  and  Magnolia,  S.C.,  1904. 
Pfanstiehl,  Alb.   A.     H.C.;    H.S.    1877.     Raritan,  III,  79-83,    (Troy,   Mo., 

1883 .      Chicago.    111.      S.S.,    Raritan,    2d     (Somerville),    1909-13. 

Studying,  lecturing,  etc.,  in  Europe,  1913-16.     S.S.,  Bayonne  ist,  1916-17. 

Presbyterian.    Reformed,  Elmendorf  Ch.,  N.Y.C.,  1921 

PfeifFer,  H.  N.     Congregational,  Brooklyn,  South  Bushwick,  1910-13.     Con- 
gregational 191 5. 
Pfister,  J.  P.    w.  c.  1854-6,  Ellenville,  2d,  1856-62. 

Phelps,  Philip,  b.  at  Albany,  N.Y.,  July  12,  1826,  U.C.  44,  N.B.S.  49,  1.  CI. 
Albany;     Greenburgh    and    Hastings-on-the-Hudson,    50-51,    Hastings- 
on-the-Hudson,   51-9,   Prin.   of    Holland   Academy,   59-66,   President  of 
Hope  College.  66-78,  Blenheim  and  Breakabeen,  N.Y.,  78-95,  died  Sept. 
4,  1896.     D.D.  by  U.N.Y.,  1864.     LL.D.  by  H.C.,  1894.     Pres.  of  Gen. 
Synod,  1864. 
He  spent  two  years  in  teaching  before  entering  the  Theological  Seminary. 
For  a  time  while  at  Holland,  he  served  as  missionary  pastor  to  the  Eng- 
lish-speaking people.     He  was  a  true  leader,  of  strong  intellect  and   faith, 
fertile  in  resources,  clear  and  forcible  as  a  speaker  and  writer,  an  accom- 
plished scholar  and  a  sound  theologian,  with  a  genial  personality  that  won 
and  held  many  friends.     The  Classis  of  Holland  has  put  on  record  its  tes- 
timony   of    acknowledgment    and    appreciation    of    important    services    ren- 
dered by  him,  and  of  wise  and  valuable  counsels  and  guidance;  of  his  great 
service  to  our  Western  institutions,  and  personal  qualities  of  high  Christian 
principle,    honor,   wisdom,   and    forbearance,    inspiring    confidence,    affection 
and  esteem.     The  Classes  of   Grand   River  and   Iowa  bear  like  testimony, 
appreciating  his  consecrated,  godly  life,  his  services  as  a  faithful  preacher 
of  the  Gospel,  as  the  founder  and  able  administrator  of  Hope  College,  and  a 
worthy  professor  therein.     His  connection  with  Hope  College  demands  more 
than  a  passing  notice.    With  honors  gained  at  Academy  and  College,  he  came 
to  its  Presidency,  a  marked  man. 

It  seemed  a  forlorn  hope  to  plant  an  English  academy  in  the  heart  of  a 
foreign  colony,  lacking  the  very  rudiments  of  Americanization.  One  after 
another,  men  had  been  driven  from  the  field  by  overwork,  worry  and  sick- 
ness.    From  promise  of  a  brilliant  career  in  the  East,  he  was  called  to 


450  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN  -\MERICA 

take  up  this  work.  Conditions  were  chaotic,  and  his  decision  to  meet  them 
heroic.  Serviceable  buildings  arose,  sufficient  for  the  time,  and  the  in- 
stitution slowly  but  surely  crept  into  a  more  commanding  position.  After 
a  season  he  was  left  entirely  alone  for  two  years,  supporting  an  almost  crush- 
ing burden.  He  taught  the  various  classes,  organized  and  supplied  the  first 
American  Church  in  the  town,  sent  the  first  class  from  the  West  to  the 
New  Brunswick  Theological  Seminary,  laid  the  foundation  of  a  publica- 
tion department  for  the  institution  by  securing  a  printing  establishment 
and  issuing  copies  of  "The  Searcher,"  developed  the  interest  of  the  Wes- 
tern churches  in  the  great  work  of  foreign  missions,  and  attended  to  the 
necessary  correspondence  with  the  State  for  obtaining  the  special  act  for 
the  incorporation  of  Reformed  Dutch  Churchs  in  Michigan.  This  ac- 
complished, the  way  was  open  for  steady  growth.  Under  his  fostering  care 
the  institutions  passed  beyond  the  tentative  period,  and  became  important 
factors  in  the  problem  of  Western  Church  extension.  After  twelve  years 
of  struggle  and  weariness,  only  a  beginning  had  been  made,  but  that  be- 
ginning was  well  made.  There  were  no  regular  professors,  and  but  little 
endowment  and  apparatus,  but  much   faith,  hope,  and  indomitable  courage. 

In  1863  General  Synod  had  officially  assumed  charge  of  the  work,  and 
in  1866  the  first  Commencement  occurred.  A  Theological  Department 
was  established,  Dr.  Phelps  serving  as  one  of  the  Lectors  for  several  years ; 
and  in  1869  the  pioneer  class  went  forth  of  young  men  of  the  West  trained 
for  the  ministry.  Under  incessant  entreaty,  the  teaching  force  had  been 
increased,  and  the  endowment  largely  augmented.  But  sometimes  burdens 
come  which  crush  the  strongest.  In  1877  came  the  greatest  crisis  in  the 
history  of  Hope  College.  Heroic  measures,  so-called,  were  adopted.  The 
Theological  Department  was  swept  away,  but  to  be  restored  again  at  a 
subsequent  time.  Men  severed  their  connection  with  the  Institution,  and 
among  them  its  first  President.  The  College  knew  him  no  more  until  years 
later,  at  her  quarter  centennial  celebration,  he  was  present,  to  be  thrilled 
with  the  love  and  devotion  of  the  students.  He  had  been  called  an  idealist, 
but  was  proven  a  prophet,  well  attested  by  the  institution  as  it  exists  to- 
day. It  may  be  added  that  clearness  and  accuracy  were  marked  charac- 
teristics of  the  man. 

One  of  the  graduates  of  the  College  has  well  written :  "There  are  three 
great  moulding  factors  at  Hope  College,  which  can  be  distinctly  traced  to 
the  first  President: — A  religious  life  as  the  basis  of  an  intellectual  life;  a 
high  sense  of  personal  honor,  and  the  Gospel  ministry  as  the  highest 
vocation  for  service.  If  the  successful  founding  of  an  institution  con- 
sists in  the  laying  of  foundation  principles,  rather  than  the  securing  of  large 
endowments  and  the  erecting  of  huge  buildings  of  stone  and  mortar,  we 
know  of  no  institution  whose  foundations  have  been  so  grandly  and  deeply 
laid,  as  the  one  over  which  Dr.  Phelps  had  the  privilege  of  presiding  as  its 
first  President."     See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications  :     Editorials,   etc.,   for   "Youths'   Temperance    Enterprise." 
1844-6. — Many  Contributions  to  the  Church   Papers  relating  to  the  West- 
ern  Educational  Institutions,  etc.     Field  Catalogues  and   Endowment  Cir- 
culars of  Hope  College. — Charges  at  Installations  of   Pastors. — Commence- 
ment  Odes. — Inaug.    Address    as    Pres.    Hope    Coll.     1866. — Baccalaureate 
Sermons  at  Hope  Coll.     1866-78. — Editor  of  "The  Searcher,"   1863. — Dor- 
dracene  Ref.  Ch.  in  America.     1867. — A  Complete  Review  of  the  Finances 
of    Hope    Coll.     1879. — A    Series    of    Articles    on    "Scripture    Inerrancy," 
in  the  "Ch.  Int."     1893. — A  Vol.  on  "Scripture  Chronology,  Weights,  Meas- 
ures, etc."     (In  preparation  at  the  time  of  his  death). 
Phelps,    Philip   T.    (s.  of   P.   Phelps),  b.   Holland,   Mich..   Nov.   26,    1862, 
H.C.  1882,  Tutoring  H.C.  2  years;    N.B.S.  89,  1.  CI.  Schoharie;    Sharon, 
N.  Y.,  89-95;    Ghent,  ist,  95-1900;    Gansevoort,  1902-08;    Buskirk,  S.S. 
1908-10;    Clarksville,   S.S.   1913-14,  and  other   supplying,   S.S.   Cohoes, 
N.Y.,  1921 ,  Pres.  P.S.A.  1896. 


THE    MINISTRY  451 

Phillips,  Wm.  W.,  U.C.  1813,  N.B.S.  17,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;    (N.Y.C.,  Pearl   St., 

afterward  Fifth  Ave.,  and   Eleventh   St..   1817-65.  d.). 
Phraner,   William   Henrv.   b.   Jamaica.   L.I.,   March   26,   1841  ;    N.Y.U.   60, 
K.B.S.  63,  I.  N.  CI.  L.I.;  Cold  Spring.  63-6.  East  Millstone,  66-1870, 
Schenectady.  2d,  70-5.  w.  c. ;   supplying  Sea  Side  Chapel,  Long  Branch, 
N.J.,  81-3;    Irving  Park,  111,  83-8;    w.  c.     Died  March  12,  1912.     Min. 
Gen   Syn.,   1912,  563. 
Publications  :    Article  on  Rutgers  College,  in  "Manual  R.C.A."     1869. — 
"Expenses    and    Income    of    Gen.    Svnod."     1857-68.— A    Sermon    on    the 
"Golden  Rule."     1885. 
Pick,  see  Peck. 

Pierce,  Xehemiah  Pruden,  b.  Entield.  Ct,  1817;  A.C.  42,  U.S.  45;  (Whip- 
pany.  N.J.,  1846-51)  ;  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  51-75,  w.  c.  D.D.  by  R.C.  1871. 
Died  Ap.  30,  1880. 
PuBLiCMioxs  :  "Mental  Freedom.  Our  Nation's  Glory."  1853. 
Pietenpol.  Henry  J.,  b.  Gibbsville.  Wis..  Dec.  24.  1859;  H.C.  90.  W.S. 
93.  1.  CI.  Holland  ;  Holland,  Mich. ;  Ebenezer  Ch.  93-5,  Leota,  Minn., 
Bethel  Ch.  1895-1902,  Pella.  la..  3d.  1902-08.  Alto,  Wis.,  1908-16,  Chi- 
cago,  West   Side.    1916-20,   Otlev.   la..    1920 Member   Bd.    Supt. 

W.T.S..  S.C.  CI.  la..  Pella.  Wis..  Chicago. 
Publications  :  Articles  in  De  Hope. 
Pieters.  Albertus,    (son  of   Roeloff   Pieters),  b.   Alto,  Wis.,   Feb.   5,   1869; 

H.C.  87,  W.S.  91,  1.  CI.   Holland;    Missionary  in  Japan,    1891 , 

Vice-Pres.  Gen.   Syn.   191 1   and   1920. 
Publications  :    Mission  Problems  in  Japan,  1912. 
Pieters,  Roelof,  b.  Havelle,  Prov.  of  Drenthe,  Netherlands,  Mar.  2,  1825; 
Holland  Academy,  55-8,  N.B.S.  61,  1.  CI.  Holland,  61 ;  ord.  by  same, 
Sept.  4.  61  ;    Graafschap  and  Drenthe,  61-5,  Alto,  Wis.,  65-9,  Holland, 
1st,  Mich.,  69-1880.  died  Feb. 
He  received  the  usual  common  school  education  in  the  Netherlands,  and 
learned  the  carpenter's  trade.     In  1849  he  emigrated  to  America,  and  soon 
became  distinguished  among  the  Hollanders  here  for  his  piety  and  knowl- 
edge of  the  Scriptures,  so  that  he  became  a  leader  at  their  gatherings.     A 
year  or  two  later,  when  he  removed  to  Chicago,  the  same  thing  was  true 
to  such  an  extent  as  to  attract  the  attention  of  Dr.  Van  Raalte,  who  per- 
suaded  him   to  study   for  the   ministry.     Before  he   had   finished   his  theo- 
logical course,    (i860),  he  was  urged  to  settle,  because  of  the  great  need 
of  ministers.     Both  the  Classis  and  the   Synod  endorsed  the  request,  and 
he  was  already  35  years  old;    but  he  considered  the  opportunities   for  a 
thorough  theological  education  too  precious  to  be  thus  shortened. 

Besides  his  earlier  charges,  he  succeeded  to  Dr.  Van  Raalte  in  the  first 
church  of  Holland.  Mich.  In  this  important  strategic  centre  of  the  West- 
ern development  of  the  Reformed  Church,  he  rendered  his  most  valuable 
services,  not  only  to  the  local  interests,  but  as  President  of  the  Council  of 
Hope  College,  and  as  one  of  the  Editors  of  "De  Hope,"  to  the  entire 
Western  Branch  of  the  Church. 

Publications:  Editorials  in  "De  Hope." — A  volume  of  Sermons,  in 
Dutch,  much  used  in  vacant  churches. 

Pitcher,  Charles  Wad.sworth,  b.  Boght,  N.Y.,  Mar.  2,  1849;  R.C.  73, 
N.B.S.  75,  lie.  bv  Cong.  Assoc.  75 ;  ord.  bv  Newark  Cong.  Council  at 
Randolph,  N.Y..  Jan.  26,  76;  (Cong.  Ch..  Randolph,  N.Y..  76-82),  Stan- 
ton. N.J.,  82-7,  (Pre.sbyt.  Ringoes.  N.J..  87-90),  Middleburgh.  N.Y., 
1891-1907,  Clover  Hill,  N.J.,  1907-12,  Buskirk.  1912-13,  Clover  Hill, 
1913-18. 
Publications  :  Articles  for  the  press. 
Pitcher,  John  H.,  b.  1806.  U.C.  1827,  N.B.S.  30,  1.  CI.  Poughkeepsie ;  Herk- 
imer and  German  Flats,  31-3,  Tyashoke  and  Easton,  33-8,  Tyashoke, 
38-43.  Jackson.  44-52.  Claverack,  2d,  52-61,  Greenville,  61-73,  Westerlo, 
73-6,  d.  Jan.  II,  1879. 


452  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH   IX    AMERICA 

Pitcher,  Philip  Wilson,  b.  Upper  Red  Hook,  N.Y.,  Jan.  31,  1856;    R.C.  82. 
N.B.S.  85.  1.  CI.  N.B. ;   Miss,  at  Amoy,  China,  1885-1915,  d.  July  21.     See 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  19 16,  928. 
Publications:    In  Amoy  Romanized   Colloquial:    Geographries :    Intro- 
ductory, 1887;    of  Europe,  1888;    of  North  America,  1890;  of  South  Amer- 
ica, 1891.     Epitome  of  Chinese  Hist..  First  Six  Dynasties,   1892. — In  Eng- 
lish :    "Fifty  Years  in  Amoy,"  or  "A  Hist,  of  the  Amoy  Mission,  1893. — "A 
Sketch   of    Ku-liang    Mountain,    Foochow,    China,"    1895. — In   Amov    Rom. 
Col:  "Hist,  of  Ancient   Egypt,"   1898. — "An  Algebra,"   1899. — Epitome  of 
Chinese  Hist.,"  completed  1900. — 1904,  In  the  Chinese  Character:    "Epitome 
of    Chinese    Hist.,"    completed.      Elements    of    Education    in    China,    1908. 
In  and  About  Amoy,  1909,  1911. 

Pitcher,  Wm.,  b.  Red  Hook.  N.Y.,  Mar.  8.  1810;    Wms.  Coll.  28;    P.S.  35, 
lie.  by  Consociation  of  Litchfield,  36,  ord.  by  CI.  Washington,  Jan.  S7 ', 
Jackson,  37-9,  Boght,  40-54,  Branchville,  54-79.     Died  Ap.  5,  1883. 
He   was   a   man   of    rare    excellencies.      Quiet,    modest,    unassuming,    yet 
behind  this  humble  garb  there  was  a  noble,  generous,  warm-hearted  Chris- 
tian manhood.     He  was  a  man  of  strong  mind  and  resolute  purpose.     As 
a  preacher  he  had  few  equals.     See  "Mem.  Ser.  by  Rev.  Wm.  E.  Davis." 
1883. 

Publications:    "Grace":    A  Series  of  Discourses,  1844-5. 
Pitts,  Robt.,  b.  near  Montgomery,  Orange  Co.,  N.Y.,  1813;    R.C.  37,  N.B.S. 
40,  lie.  CI.  Orange;    S.S.,  Walpack,  40-60,  vv.  c. ;    d.  1878,  Nov.  16.    See 
Manual  of  1879. 
Pleune,  Peter  H.,  b.  Grand  Rapids,  May  17,  1883.     H.C.  1909,  N.B.S.  1912. 

Church  of  Comforter,  N.Y.C.,  1912-16.     Pres.  Ch.  South. 
Plumley.  Gardiner  Spring,  b.  Washington,  D.C..  Aug.  nth,  1827;    Y.C.  50; 
U.T.S.  55;    (ord.  by  First  Presb.  of  N.Y.,  Nov.  11,  55;    Bloomingdale, 
N.Y.C.,  55-7,  Metuchen.  N.J..  58-75),  Miss,  at  North  Dutch.   N.Y.C., 
76-8;     (Calvary  Chapel,   Five  Points.  N.Y.C.,  78-83),   Greenfield  Hill 
(Cong.)  Ct,  83-94.  d.  Feb.  21.    D.D.  by  Y.C,  1890. 
He  was    for  a  while   editor  of   "The   Presbyterian   Church  Throughout 
the   World."      In    1869.    having   noticed   the    remark   in   the    second   edition 
of  "Manual  of  Ref.  Ch.  in  America,  in  a  note  at  bottom  of  page  2,  that 
Dr.    Livingston    had   expressed   the   desire    in    1783   to    Dr.    Westerlo.    that 
some  genius  equal  to  the  task,  would  arise  to  draw  up  a  plan   for  uniting 
all  the  Reformed  Church  in  America  into  one  National  Church;    and  that, 
notwithstanding   the   seeming   difificulties   in   the   way,   he   believed    it   to   be 
practicable,  and  yet  hoped  to  see  it  accomplished;   and  that  the  author  of 
the  Manual  had  added,  "Let  them  begin  the  good  work  by  endorsing  each 
other's  symbols";    he  obtamed  copies  of  the  resolutions  in  which  the  Gen- 
eral  Synod  of   R.C. A.   had  endorsed  the  Westminster   Catechism,   in    1837, 
and  presented  them  to  the  General  Assembly  then  meeting  at  Pittsburgh; 
and   secured   from   that   body   their   official   approbation   of   the   Heidelberg 
Catechism.      It   was   at   this   same   session   that   the   Old   and    Nev/    School 
Presbyterian    Churches    came    together,    and    union    of    all    kindred    bodies 
was  the  general  cry. 

Mr.   Plumley  was  a  man  of   imposing  presence,  agreeable  manners,   fine 
culture  and  mucii  activity  in  various   forms  of  work.     Much  of  his  work 
was  wholly  undenominational. — See  also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1894.  220. 
PocKMAN,  Philetus  Theodore,  b.  at  East  Greenbush,  N.Y.,  Feb.  26,  1853; 
R.C.  75,  N.B.S.  78,  lie.  CI.  Rensselaer;    Fairfield,  N.J.,  78-80.  Green- 
ville, Jersey  City,  81-6,  New  Brunswick.  N.J.,  1887-1911.     (Pres.  Alden, 
N.Y.,   1912-16),  Hasbrouck  Heights,  N.J.,   1916-19,  d.  Nov.   16.     Pres. 
Bd.  of  Education,  1908-12.    Member  Bd.  D.M.,  1916-19.    Pres.  Gn.  Syn., 
191 1.    D.D.,  R.C,  1894. 
Dr.  Pockman  was  a  genial  man  and  most  excellent  pastor.     Wherever 
he  labored  he  was  a  power  for  righteousness.     See  Min.  Gen.  Svn..  1920, 
276. 


THE    MINISTRY  453 

Publications:   Hist.  Ch.  of  East  Greenbush,  N.Y.,  1801. 
Pohle,  K.  A.  J.     (Ger.  Evang.  Lutheran  Church  of  St.  Peter's,  Brooklyn), 

18.. -^T,.  R.C.A.  Brooklyn,  E.D..  1853-68. 
Pohlman,  Wm.  J.,  b.  in  Albany,  1812;    R.C.  34,  N.B.S.  37,  1-  CI.  Albany; 
ord.  Ap.  8,  38 ;    voyage  to   Singapore,  May-Sept..,  38,  Borneo.  38-44, 
Amoy.  June  44-1849,  d.  Jan.  5. 

Up  to  the  age  of  twelve  he  lived  under  the  paternal  roof  and  was  trained 
up  under  pious  influences.  Engaging  in  business,  his  religious  impressions 
began  to  waver,  not  without  occasional  pungent  convictions.  At  the  death- 
bed of  a  beloved  sister,  dying  in  the  triumjjhs  of  the  faith,  and  appealing 
earnestly  unto  him,  an  impression  was  made  which  was  never  obliterated. 
He  became  a  devoted  Christian  at  sixteen  years  of  age.  "Suddenly,"  he 
says,  "the  most  rapturous  feelings  of  joy  took  possession  of  my  mind.  For 
a  few  moments  I  was  in  ecstasy.  I  could  now  say  with  an  appropriating 
faith,  Abba,  Father.  Oh,  the  splendor  of  that  morning,  the  unutterable 
joys  of  that  precious  moment!  But  it  would  recjuire  the  tongue  of  an 
angel,  the  eloquence  of  a  seraph,  to  describe  all  my  feelings.  Praise  him, 
praise  him  for  the  wonders  of  his  redeeming  mercy!" 

In  his  Junior  year  in  the  Seminary,  he  resolved  to  go  far  hence  to  the 
Gentiles.  He  writes  to  the  American  Board :  "Time  has  only  served  to 
strengthen  the  decision  which  was  calmly  and  dispassionately  made.  After 
repeated  reviews  of  the  same,  I  am  confirmed  and  settled.  I  can  not  now 
doubt  for  a  moment;  mine  was  not  a  rash  or  hasty  conclusion.  H  there 
are  no  contrary  indications,  I  must  go,  I  can  not  stay.  Here  then  am  I, 
take  me.  Receive  me  under  your  care  as  a  candidate  for  the  missionary 
service;  I  wish  to  enlist  for  life.  H  in  your  view  I  can  be  of  any  service, 
I  lay  my  all  at  your  feet.  Silver  and  gold  have  I  none,  but  such  as  I  have, 
give  I  thee.  Send  me  abroad  to  publish  glad  tidings  to  the  idol-serving 
nations.  Send  me  to  the  most  desert  part  of  all  the  howling  wildernesses 
of  heathenism,  to  the  most  barbarous  climes,  or  to  more  civilized  regions. 
Send  me  to  the  millions  of  Pagans,  to  the  followers  of  the  false  prophet,  to 
the  Jews  or  the  Gentiles,  to  Catholics  or  Protestants.  Send  me,  in  fine, 
wherever  God  opens  an  effectual  door.  Send  me.  for  necessity  is  laid 
upon  me;  yea,  woe  is  unto  me,  if  I  preach  not  the  gospel  to  the  perishing 
heathen." 

He  was  ordained  in  April,  1S38,  in  the  North  Reformed  Church  of  Al- 
bany, with  which  he  had  united  ten  years  before.  On  the  20th  of  May  he 
was  solemnly  set  apart  for  the  missionary  service.  He  went  forth  strong 
in  the  consciousness  of  duty,  and  was  followed  by  the  prayers  of  multi- 
tudes. 

"A  decade  of  years  covered  the  missionary's  life,  during  which  much 
of  toil,  in  preaching,  teaching,  translating,  and  travel,  was  gone  through. 

On  April  2.  1838.  at  a  Monthly  Concert  in  the  Franklin  Street  Church, 
N.Y.C..  he  was  married  to  Theodosia  R.  Scudder.  sister  of  Rev.  Dr.  John 
Scudder.  by  Rev.  Christopher  Hunt. — See  "Ch.  Int.."  Ap.  7.  1838. 

He  had  taken  his  sister,  for  the  benefit  of  her  health,  to  Hong  Kong,  in 
Dec,  1848.  The  vessel  in  which  he  was  returning  to  Amoy  was  wrecked  and 
he  was  among  the  lost,  the  first  instance  of  death  by  shijuvreck  of  any  of 
the  missionaries  of  the  American  Board.  His  piety  was  a  deep,  con- 
trolling principle.  His  prominent  feature  was  perseverance.  He  was 
frank,  open  hearted,  wise  in  council,  amiable  in  disposition,  and  cordial 
and  firm  in  his  friendships. —  See  "Rogers'  Hist.,"  1857.  Fun.  Ser.  by  Dr. 
D.   Kennedy,   "Sprague's   Annals."     "McClintock's    Cyc." 

PiTBLUATioNS :  Several  articles  in  "The  Chinese  Renository." 
Polhemus.  Abraham,  b.  at  Astoria.  1812;    R.C.  31.  N.B.S.  35,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ; 
Hopewell,  3=;-57.   Newark,   North,   Mav-Oct.   18^7,   d.     Elected   a   trus- 
tee R.C.   1851.'    D.D.  by  U.N.Y.   1856. 

He  was  a  lineal  descendant  of  Rev.  J.  T.  Polhemus.  who  settled  on  Long 
Island  in  1654.     In  college  he  was  noted  for  his  joyous  temperament  and 


454  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

his  companionable  qualities,  and  was  a  decided  favorite.     His  ministry  was 

spent  in  a  single  field,  with  the  exception  of  a  brief  period  in   Newark. 

Mutual  affection,  to  a  unusual  degree,  existed  between  him  and  his  flock. 

Several  attempts  to  call  him  to  other  fields  were  in  vain.     At   length   he 

yielded  to  the  pressing  call  of  the  new  North  Church  of  Newark.     He  was 

regarded  as  specially  qualified  to  build  up  this  church,  but  he  had  hardly 

entered  on  his  duties  when  God  called  him  to  his  reward. 

Before   his   death  he   had  a   remarkable   vision   of   the   glorified   Christ. 

See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  Address  before  Alumni  R.C.  1852.— Twelve  Sermons  in 

"Memorial." 

[Polhemus,  Isaac  Heyer  (son  of  Ab.  Polhemus),  b.  Hopewell,  N.Y.,  Mar. 
3,  1853;  Wms.  C.  75;  U.T.S.  79;  ord.  June  23,  79,  by  CI.  Newark; 
Missionary   and   pastor    Presbyterian    Church]. 

Polhemus,  Cornelius  H.,  b.  at  Middlebush,  *N.J.,  Dec.  2,  1853;  R.C.  77, 
N.B.S.  80,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Hopewell,  N.Y.,  81-91,  (Supply.  Presbyt.  Ch., 
St.  Paul,  Minn.,  91-92;  S.S.  2d  Presbyt.  Ch.,  Jonesboro,  Tenn.,  also 
Prof,  of  Langs.  Tabor  Coll.,  Iowa,  93-96 ;  supplying,  1896-1901 )  ;  Port 
Ewen,  1901-11.  Supplying  Church. 
Publications  :     Numerous  articles  and  poems  in  "Ch.  Inst.,"  "Christian 

at    Work,"    "Christian    Weekly,"    "The    Advance,"    and    in    "Kansas    City 

Times  ;"    also  sentimental  poems — "When  the  Honeysuckles   Bloom,"  and 

"My  Old  New  Jersey  Home." 

Polhemus,  Henry,  b.  at  Jiarlingen,  May  31.  1772;  C.N.J.  1794,  studied  the- 
ology under  Romeyn,  1.  CI.  N.Y.  1798;  Harlingen  and  Ne-Shanic,  1798- 
1808,  English  Neighborhood,  1809-13,  Shawangunk,  1813-15,  d.  Nov.  2. 
Elected  a  trustee  Q.C.  1800.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Polhemus  (name  originally  spelled  Polhemius),  Johannes  Theodorus,  b. 
probably  in  Switzerland,  1598;  studied,  probably  in  Switzerland;  pas- 
tor in  the  Palatinate,  1625  (?)-28  (?),  at  Meppel,  Province  of 
Overyssel,  Netherlands,  1628-30  (?).  again  in  the  Palatinate,  1630  (?)- 
35,  at  Olinda,  Brazil,  1637-45  (?),  at  Itamarcas,  Brazil,  i645?-54;  Mid- 
wout,  Amersfort,  L.I.,  1654-76,  also  Brooklyn.  1656-60,  again,  1664-76, 
died  June  8. 
The  first  allusion  to  him  in  the  "Minutes  of  Classis  of  Amsterdam"  is 

as  follows : 

J ohanncs  Theodorus  Polheiiii. 

1635,  Dec.  3d.  There  appeared  in  Classis  the  Rev.  John  Theodore  Pol- 
heim  (Polhemus),  formerly  a  preacher  in  the  Palatinate;  (then  subse- 
quently at)  Meppel,  in  Overyssel,  and  later,  again  in  the  Palatinate;  but  on 
account  of  renewed  persecution,  he  was  forced  to  leave  (the  latter  field) 
a  second  time.  He  requested  that  he  might  be  appointed  a  minister  in  the 
West  Indies,  (America).  Accordingly,  his  testimonials  from  both  Meppel 
and  Witen  were  read  by  the  Deputies  on  Indian  Affairs,  who  also  made 
report  thereon.  The  Assembly  resolved,  to  appoint  the  said  individual,  as 
soon  as  possible,  to  that  field,  through  the  instrumentality  of  the  Deputies, 
iv.  66. 

Then  in  the  Acts  of  the  Synod  of  North  Holland,  as  follows  : 
1636,  Sept.  9,  et  seq.  Synod  of  North  Holland,  at  Enckhuyzen. 
Art.  34.     Preacher  for  the  West  Indies. 

His  Excellency,  Count  (John)  Maurice,  of  Nassau,  about  to  proceed  to 
the  West  Indies,  (Brazil)  has  made  request  that  a  thoughtful  and  capable 
minister  be  selected,  to  be  sent  to  the  West  Indies  in  accordance  with 
Church  Rules.  This  request  was  particularly  pleasing  to  this  Synod,  and 
it  was  resolved,  that  the  Classes  shall  give  heed  to  it  at  the  earliest  oppor- 
tunity ;  and  if  they  learn  of  anj'  one  disposed  to  go  thither  to  inform  the 
Church  of  Amsterdam.  The  Rev.  Correspondents  (of  other  Synods)  will 
also  be  pleased  to  do  the  same. 


THE    MINISTRY  455 

Art.  35.  (Under  the  Ministerial  Changes  this  year  occurs  the  following 
item : ) 

Classis  of  AiiistenicDii. 

Sent  to  the  West  Indies,  (Brazil)  Rev.  Johannes  Poliemus. 

There  are  many  allusions  to  the  churches  and  ministers  in  Brazil  in  the 
documents  obtained  by  E.  T.  Corwin  in  1897-8,  but  not  definite  references  to 
Domine  Polhemus.  who  was  there  for  18  years.  But  during  that  period 
there  were  two  Classes  formed  and  a  Synod,  and  the  Minutes  of  these 
bodies  were  published  in  Holland,  but  a  copy  did  not  come  under  his  notice. 
Probably  copies  could  be  procured  at  Utrecht.  At  Olinda,  Domine  Pol- 
hemus preached  in  Portugese  and  French.  Volumes  in  Dutch  or  Latin, 
giving  an  account  of  the  administration  of  John  Maurice  in  Brazil,  are 
procurable. 

Such  a  volume,  in  Latin,  was  purchased  in  1898,  and  is  now  in  the  Li- 
brary of  the  Collegiate  Church,  New  York.  References  to  Polhemus  are 
therein  found.  (See  also  Dr.  Jas.  L.  Good's  volume,  "Hist  of  the  Refd. 
Ch.  in  the  United  States,"  for  brief  accounts  of  the  early  attempts  of  the 
French  Reformed,  in  Brazil,  1555-8,  and  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  in  Brazil, 
1637-54;    pubd.  at  Reading,  Pa.,  1898). 

In  1654  the  West  India  Co.  were  obliged  to  evacuate  Brazil,  and  leave  it 
to  the  Portuguese.  This  compelled  Polhemus  to  leave  the  country.  He 
came  to  New  Netherland,  while  his  wife  went  to  Holland  to  try  and  secure 
the  arrears  due  him  from  the  Company.  On  Aug.  24,  1654,  she  besought 
the  deputies  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  to  assist  her.  Rev.  Mr.  Langelius 
was  appointed  to  this  duty.  In  March.  1655,  nothing  had  yet  been  accom- 
plished, but  200  florins  had  been  loaned  her.  Mr.  Polhemus  wrote  to  his  wife 
that  he  was  inclined  to  remain  in  New  Netherland,  and  the  directors  were 
asked  to  ratify  the  arrangement.  In  May,  1656,  the  Classis  wrote  that  they 
were  willing  to  consummate  this  arrangement,  and  would  help  his  wife  to  go 
to  Long  Island.  "She  is  a  very  worthy  matron,  has  great  desire  to  be  with 
her  husband,  and  has  struggled  along  here  in  poverty  and  great  straits,  al- 
ways conducting  herself  modestly  and  piously." 

Up  to  1654  the  Dutch  on  Long  Island  had  had  no  minister  nor  church, 
and  were  obliged  to  cross  the  East  River  to  attend  service.  The  evil  be- 
came at  length  so  great  that  Megapolensis  and  a  committee  organized  a 
church  at  Midwout,  (Flatbush),  on  Feb.  9,  1654,  and  requested  the  Classis 
of  Amsterdam  to  select  a  preacher.  It  was  at  this  juncture,  after  this  let- 
ter had  been  sent,  that  Polhemus  arrived.  He  had  stopped  on  his  way 
hither,  and  organized  a  Reformed  church  at  New  Amstel,  Delaware.  He 
was  the  first  to  propose  association  of  the  American  ministers  and  churches. 
As  early  as  1662  he  writes:  "We  stand  in  need  of  communication  with  one 
another  in  the  form  of  a  Classis.  after  the  manner  of  the  Fatherland.  It 
is  desirable  that  this  be  begun,  although  I  do  not  know  of  much  business  to 
be  transacted."  He  refers  to  this  same  matter  as  subsequent  times.  Ecc. 
Rec.  N.Y.,  many  letters.  "Doc.  Hist.,"  iii,  70.  "Col.  Hist.,"  ii.,  72. 
"O'Callaghan's  New  Neth.,"  ii.,  272.      "Broadhead's  N.Y.,"  vols.  i.  and  ii. 

Polk,  Thomas  M.,  Addisville,  Pa..  1921 

Pompl,  R.  H.     See  Von  Pompl.  Peekskill.  Hungarian,  1914-16. 
Pool,  Chas.  Hubbard,  b.  at  Bav  Ridge.  Brooklvn,  N.Y.,  Feb.  11,  1840;    R.C. 
63,  N.B.S.  66.  1.  S.  CI.  L.i. :    Bedminster,  66-75,  Raritan.  3d,  75  ■    Dec. 
31,  87,  Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  Dom.  Miss.,  Jan.  i.  1888-1906.     Died  March  i. 

Dr.  Pool's  sermons  were  "good"  because  he  himself  was  a  good  man, 
full  of  the  Holy  Ghost.  His  long  service  as  Sec.  of  the  Bd.  of  Domestic 
Missions -was  characterized  by  attention  to  details  and  a  general  wisdom  of 
administration  that  was   beyond  praise.     Min.   Gen.   Syn..   1906.   602. 

PuBLK  ATioxs :     Reports  of   Bd.  of   Dom.   Missions,  after   1888. 
Pool,  Geo.  H.     Jersey  City  Heights,  1872-3.     (Presbyt.  Editor). 
Fool,    William,   b.    Warfum,    Netherlands.    Oct.    26,    1857;     studied    in    the 


456  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH   IN    AMERICA 

Netherlands,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  and  Dubuque,  la.,  1886;  Dubuque 
Sem.,  la.,  1889,  He.  by  Presbyt.  of  Dubuque,  Ap.  88,  ord.  by  CI.  Dakota, 
Aug.  20,  89;  GrandView,  S.D.,  May  89-Nov.  90,  S.  Blendon,  Mich., 
90-3,  Grand  Rapids,  6th,  93-7,  Atwood.  Mich.,  1897-1902,  Kalamazoo, 
Mich.,  ist,  1902-11,  Paterson,  N.  J.,   (Hoi.   ist),   1911-14,  Wortendyke, 

N.J.,  1st,  1914 

PuBLicATioxs :   Articles  in  De  Hope. 
Root,  J.  W.,  b.  Neth.,  July  i,  1851.     South  Blendon,  1895-6,  Gano,  Chicago, 

96-8,  Pella,  4th,  98-9,  Editor.    Lutheran,    d.  Nov.  i,  1913. 
Poppen,  Henry,  b.  Prairie  View,  Kan.,  Sept.  29,  1890.     H.C.  1914,  W.T.S. 

1917,  1.  by  CI.  Michigan,  1917.     Missionary  to  China,  1918. 
Poppen,  Jacob,  b.  Drenthe,  Mich.,  Ap.  17,  1858;    H.C.  82,  Teaching,  82-90, 
P.S.  93,  1.  CI.  Holland;    Jamestown,  2d,  94-5,  Professor,  Tokyo,  Japan, 
96-7,   East   Overisel,   1898-1902,   Wortendyke,   N.J..    1902-07.    Principal, 
Cordell    Academy,    Okl.,    1908-10,    Centreville,    Athenia,    N.J.,    1910-14, 
East   Overisel,    Hamilton,    Mich.,    1915-17,   d.    Alarch   5,    1920.      Ph.D., 
Princeton,  1896.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1920,  280. 
Publications  :   Faith  and  Certainty,  1896. 
Poppen,  Otto  G.,  b.  Grundy  Co.,  la..  Mission  House  Col.  1915,  Ref.  Sem. 

Grundy  Center  1918,  1.  by  CI.  P.P.  1918,  George,  la.,  Hope  1918 

Porter,  Charles  F..  (grandson  of  Rev.  Stephen  Porter,  Presbyt.),  b.  at  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  Oct.  4,  1861  ;  Ham.  Coll.  84.  Aub.  Sem.  87.  lie.  Presbyt. 
Geneva,  86;  ord.  by  Presbyt.  of  Buffalo.  87;  (Alden.  N.Y.,  87-8,  Pres- 
byt.),    Lodi,     N.Y..     1888-1904,     (Presbyterian,     N.Y.     State     Library, 

1906 ) 

Porter,  Elbert  Stothoff,  (son-in-law  of  P.  S.  Wynkoop)  ;  b.  near  Mill- 
stone. N.J.,  Oct.  23,  1819;  C.N.J.  39,  N.B.S.  42,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Miss,  to 
Chatham,  42-3,  Chatham,  43-9,  Williamsburgh.  49-83;  also  editor  of 
"Christian  Intelligencer,"  52-68.  D.D.  by  R.C.  1857.  Died  Feb.  26, 
1888. 
He  gave  himself  whole  heartedly  to  his  pastoral  and  editorial  work  and 
was  eminently   successful.     See   Manual,   1902. 

Publications  :  The  Resurrection."  Fun.  Ser.  on  Death  of  Mrs.  — . 
Van  Buren.  1845. — "Perils  and  Securities  of  Our  Country."  1850. — "Do- 
mestic Missions:"  a  Ser.  before  Gen.  Synod.  1851. — "Gladness  in  the  Sanc- 
tuary:" a  Ser.  at  Reopening  of  Ch.  Williamsburgh.  1885. — Address  at 
Boston  in  behalf  of  Am.  Tract  Soc.  i860.— "Language  of  Affliction:"  Ser. 
on  Death  of  Adaline  Rider.  1864. — Ser.  on  "Death  of  Pres.  Lincoln." 
1865.— "The  R.D.C.  in  Williamsburgh  :"  a  Hist.  Discourse.  1866.— "Hist. 
Doctrine  and  Spirit  of  R.D.C,"  "Bib.  Sac."  Ap.  1866. — "A  Pastor's  Hints 
to  His  People." — A  Commen.  Disc,  on  the  "Life,  Character,  and  Services" 
of  Rev.  Dr.  L  N.  Wyckofif.  1869. — Sermons  in  "Nat.  Preacher,"  on  "Ad- 
vantages of  Denominationalism,  The  New  Heavens  and  the  New  Earth, 
and  The  Temple  Transfigured." — Address  at  Fun.  of  Rev.  Edward  Holmes. 
— "The  Literature  of  Ref.  Ch.,"  1776-1876.  In  "Centennial  Discourses." — 
Editorials  in  "Ch.  Intelligencer,"  1852-68. 
Porter,  Reuben,  w.  c.  1840-55. 

Post,  Henry  K.,  b.  Newark,  N.J.,  Feb.  25.  1878,  P.C.  1902,  N.B.S.  1906, 
New   Prospect    (Pine   Bush)    1906-10,   Freehold,  2d,    1910-16,   Newark, 

N.J.,    Christ    1917 

Potgeter,  H.  (Ser.),  b.  Oct.  11,  1856.  Veldhausen.  Germany.  (In  Germany 
Realschule,  Otd.  Ref.  Ch.  Sem.,  Bentheim,  1883,  1.  bv  CI.  of  Bentheim, 
Od.  Ref.  Ch.,  1883,  Nelson,  1883-86.  Ihrhove,  i886'-89.  In  America, 
Christian  Ref.  Ch.  Ridott,  111.,  1889-92,  Parkersburg,  1892-98,  Clara 
City,  1898-1900,  Presbyterian,  Kamrar,  la.,  1900-03,  Dubuque,  la.,  1903- 
05),  Forreston,  111..  1906-14.  Retired. 
Potgeter,  Herman  J.  (Jr.),  b.  in  Germany.  Dubuque  Col.  1909,  W.T.S. 
1912.  Lennox,  S.D.,  ist,  1912-14,  North  Sibley,  la.,  1914-18.  Presby- 
terian, Campbell,  Neb.,   1918-21.     Resting   from  nervous  breakdown. 


THE   MINISTRY  457 

Potgeter,  Luppo,  b.  Ridott.  111..  Nov.   i8,   1891.     H.C.   1914,  W.T.S.   1918, 

1.  by  CI.   P.P.   1918.     Chicago.  111.,  Emmanuel,   1918 

Potter,  Clayton  J.,  b.  Glenville.  N.Y..  May  2,  1878.  U.C.  1900,  Hartford 
Sem.  1904.  1.  by  Hartford  Ccn.  Ass.,  Cong.  Min..  1904.  (Cong..  Lennox, 
Mass.,    1904-07,    Simsburg,    Conn.,    1907-10).      Schenectady,    N.Y.,    ist, 

1910 

Potter.  Francis  Marmaduke,  b.  Brooklyn.  N.Y..  March  10.  1888.  R.C. 
1905-08.  Rhodes  Scholar.  Oxford,  1908-11.  N.B.S.  1911-13.  Principal, 
Voorhees  College,  1913-17.     Teaching,  1918.     Ass.  Sec.  and  Treasurer, 

Bd.  of  P.M.,  R.C.A.,  1918 

Potter,  James  H.,  b.  Nov.  8.  1888,  Glenville.  N.Y.  U.C.  1912,  Hart.  Theo. 
Sem.  191 5,  1.  by  Hartford  Ass.,  Cong.  Ch.  Supplied  three  Cong. 
Churches.  Ord.  by  CI.  Schenectady  1918.  Missionary  to  India,  1919. 
Potter,  Rockwell  Harmon,  (descendant  of  Rev.  Thos.  Romeyn),  b.  Glen- 
ville. N.Y..  Oct.  I.  1874,  U.C.  95,  Chicago  Theolog.  Sem.  98,  studied 
also  at  Yale  and  U.S.;  1.  CI.  Schenectady,  98,  ord.  N.  CI.  L.I.,  98;  Flush- 
ing, L.I.,  98-1900,  (Hartford,  ist  Cong..  1900 .     Los  Angeles,  Cal.). 

Powell,  Enoch.     Baptist.     S.S.,  Cranesville,  N.Y.,  1913 

Powell,  Henry  Alanson,  b.  Chatham.  N.Y..  Sept.  13,  1851 ;  U.C.  y^,  U.S. 
76;    ord.  by  N.  CI.  L.I..  June  29,  76;    Bushwick,  L.I.,  76-83,  (Brooklyn, 

Lee  Av.,  Cong.,  83-91,  Lawyer,  N.Y'.C,  1891 ). 

Prentice.  Sartell  (Jr.),  b.  Albany,  N.Y.,  Sept.  30,  1867,  Am.  Coll.  91,  U.S. 
94,   lie.   Congs.   94.   ord.   by   CI.    Raritan,   94;     Pottersville,    N.J.,   94-7, 

(Newark,  5th  Av.  Presbyt.  1897-1904).     Nyack,  N.Y.,   1904 .     Red 

Cross  Chaplain.  France.  1919-^0.     D.D.,  Olivet  Col.,  191 1. 
PuBLic.-^TioN.s :     The    Cloud.    1918.      Padre — A    Red    Cross    Chaplain    in 
France.  1919.    Articles  in  the  press. 
Prentiss.  H.  M.    Candidate  CI.  N.Y..  1913. 
Prever.   D.   Charles.   Amsterdam   Gymnasium.   N.B.S.    1884.   Newark,   East, 

'84-6,  Ashury  Park,  86-8. 
Prochnau,  Julius,  b.  Jan.  >8,  1890,  Alberta,  Canada.     Moravian  Col.,  Beth- 
lehem,   Pa.,    1910,    Moravian    Sem.,    1.    by    Presbytery    of    Utica,    1912. 
(Norwich  Corners  and  Litchfield,  1912-13,  Long  Valley,  N.J.,   1913-16, 

Cincinnati,  O.,  West  Libertv.  1916-20).     Peapack,  N.J..  1920 

Proudfit.  Alex,   (son  of  John  W.  Proudfit).  b.  N.Y.C.,  Ap.  15,  1839;    R.C. 
58,    N.B.S.    and    P.S.    61  ;     ord.    as    an    evang.    by    ist    Presbyt.    N.Y., 
62;    chaplain,  U.S.A.,  62-5,   (Clavton,  N.J..  66-76),  Hackettstown,  N.J., 
76-84,  Baltimore,  2d,  Md.,  85-94,"  Springfield,  O-  95-97.  cl.  Ap.  2.     D.D. 
by  Lafayette  Coll.,  1887. 
He  was  unflinching  in  courage,  untiring  in   zeal,  and  unfailing  in   faith- 
fulness.    He  was  ever  ready  to  co-operate   heartily   in   all  that  was   good, 
whether  in  reference  to  the  common  cause  of  the  churches  or  the  general 
welfare  of  the  community. — See  "Biog.  Notices  of   Grads.   R.C,"   1897,   19. 
Proudfit,  John  Williams,   (.son  of  Rev.  Alexander  Proudfit,  of  Assoc.  Ref. 
Ch.,  Salem,  N.Y.,  1795-1835).  b.  in  Salem,  Sept.  22.  1803;    U.C.  23.  P.S. 
24;   ord.  25;  (Newburyport,  Mass..  27-33.  Prof,  of  Latin  Lang,  and  Lit. 
U.N.Y.  33-41 )  ;  Prof,  of  Latin  and  Greek  Langs,  and  Lit.  in  R.C.  40-5. 
Prof,  of  Greek  Lang,  and   Lit.  in  R.C.  45-59,  w.  c.  59-64.    (Presbyt.). 
Died  Mar.  9.  1870.     D.D.  by  U.C.  1841. 
He  was  the  son  of  an  eminent  minister  of  the  Associate  Ref.  Ch.    He  was 
a  ripe  scholar,  whose  chief  work  in  life  was  teaching.     In  this  he  was  emi- 
nently successful.     While  engaged  in  literary  labors  he  did  not   forget  the 
work  of  his  Master  and  was  interested  and  diligent  in  spreading  the  Gospel. 
See  Manual.  1902. 

See  "Princeton  Rev.."  xv..  312.     "Index  to  Prin.  Rev.,  275. 

PuBLTCATioNs :    "Choicc  of  a  Profession":    Baccalaureate  Sermon.  R.C. 

1841. — "Nature  of  True  Greatness."— "The  Captives."     A  Comedy  of  Plau- 

tus,  with  Eng.  Notes.     1843. — "Remarks  on  Hist.,   Structure,  and  Theories 

of  the  Apostles'  Creed."     1852.     (See  "Princeton  Rev.,"  1852.)— Editor  of 


45^  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

"New  Brunswick  Rev.,"  1855. — "The  Sanctuary  of  God  consulted  in  the 
Present  Crisis."  1861. — "Man's  Two-fold  Life"  included  in  the  "Promise 
of  Godliness"  :  A  Disc,  at  the  Install,  of  Rev.  Wm.  Irwin  at  Rondout,  1862. 
Address  at  the  fun.  of  Theodore  Strong,  LL.D.  1869. — Art.  in  "Sprague's 
Annals"  on  Dr.  J.  S.  Cannon. — Arts,  in  "Princeton  Rev."  on  "Inspiration 
and  Catholisism."  185 1. — "The  Heidelberg  Catechism  and  Dr.  Nevins." 
1851. — ^"Review  of  Voelcker  and  others  on  Homeric  Ideas  of  the  Soul  and 
a  Future  State."  ("Bib.  Sac,"  xv.,  753).— Other  articles  in  "Bibliotheca 
Sacra,"  "Independent,"  "Evening  Post,"  "Ledger,"  etc. 
Proudfit,  Robt.  Ralston   (son  of  John  Williams  Proudfit),  b.  Feb.  3,  1836; 

R.C.  1854,  N.B.S.  and  P.S.  61 ;  ord.  Evang.  61 ;    chaplain  U.S.A.  61-5. 

Weehawken,  N.J.,  65-67.  Died  Feb.,  1897. 
He  received  a  sunstroke  while  in  the  army,  from  the  effects  of  which  he 
never  fully  recovered.  Yet  he  did  a  considerable  amount  of  Christian 
work  quietly,  and  in  teaching  Bible  classes.  He  spent  much  time  in  travel, 
both  in  America  and  Europe.  He  married  a  daughter  of  the  late  Count 
St.  George  of  Geneva,  Switzerland,  the  head  of  the  Evangelical  Alliance 
in  that  land.  See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,  1897,  18. 
Pullan,  Frederick  B..  b.  Feb.  4,  1849,  New  York  City,   Beloit  Col.,  Wis., 

1871,  Y.   Sem.   1875,  1.  by  New  Haven  Cong.  Assembly   1876;     (Cong. 

Vineland,   N.J.,    1875-79,    East   Orange,    N.J.,    1879-90,    San    Francisco, 

Cal.   1890-95,   Providence,   R.I.,   1895-1905),   Hyde   Park,   East  Orange, 

N.J.,  1908-14,  (Cong.  River  Edge,  N.J.,  1914-19). 
Purdy,   Marinus    Seymour,   b.   N.Y.C.   Jan.    11,    1877,   C.C.   N.Y.   and   R.C. 

1900,  N.B.S.  1903,  1.  by  N.  CI.  L.I..  Bogota,  N.Y.,  1903-07,  Athens,  N.Y., 

1907-09,  Newburgh,  N.Y.,   1909 

Putnam,  John  H.  S.,  1.  by  CI.  Montgomery   1916,   Philadelphia.  4th,   1916- 

17,  Episcopalian,  Chaplain  in  U.S.  Navy. 

Quackenbush,  Daniel  McLaren,  b.  in  N.Y.C.  Mar.  9,  1819;    C.C.  36,  N.B.S. 
39,  1.  Assoc.  Presby.  Ch.  N.Y.,  39;    (West  Hebron,  N.Y.,  42-7),  War- 
warsing,   49-51,    Fishkill    Landing,    51-5,    Missionary    pastor,    Chapel    on 
Brooklyn    Heights,    55-9,    Hastings-on-Hudson,    59-61,    Prospect    Hill, 
N.Y.C,  1861-1900,  d.  Aug.  24.    D.D.  by  N.Y.U.   1863. 
He  had  a  long  and  honorable  career.     He  was  a  scholar  of  rare  mental 
■endowments.     He  was  in  early  life  devoted  to  the  ministry  by  his  pious 
Scotch  mother.     Many  acts   of   beneficence   marked   his   entire   ministerial 
■career.     He  served  the  Prospect  Hill  Church  for  the  most  part  gratuitously, 
for  nearly   forty  years,  putting  aside  calls   to   larger   fields,   for   which  he 
was   eminently   qualified   by   his   great   learning,   and   keenly   logical   mind. 
Exceptional  circumstances  made  the  Prospect  Hill  Church  very  dear  to  his 
lieart.      Though   of   a   quiet,    retiring   disposition,    his   kindly,    sympathetic 
nature  made  him  a  devoted  pastor.     He  was  a  man  of  great  conscientious- 
ness, faithful,  and  constant  in  the  duties  of  his  calling,  a  faithful  friend,  a 
wise  counsellor,  and  a  reliable  guide.     He  was  a  spiritually  minded  man, 
strong   in    faith,   and    unreserved    in    his    consecration    to    Christ    and    his 
church.     See  also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1901,  1243. 

Quaw,  Jas.  E.,  b.  1800,  N.B.S.  1828,  Miss,  at  Tyashoke,  28-9,  at  Lysander, 
29-30,  Dashville  Falls,  31-4,  Breakabin,  Cobbleskill,  and  Schoharie  Mt., 
34-6,  w.  c.  36-45,  lost  on  Lake  Erie.     See  "McClintock's  Cyclop." 
Publications  :     "The   Immerser   Instructed."     1844. — "The   Cold   Water 
Man." 

Quick.  Ab.  Messier,  b.  Somerville,  N.J.,  1839,  R.C.  i860,  N.B.S.  64,  1.  CI. 
N.B.,    Port   Jackson   64-69,   Franklin    1869-92,    Peekskill   82-84,    Ocean 
Hill,   Brooklyn,   N.Y.C,   1885-1900,   w.  c.     S.C.   CI.   of   Montgomery. 
Publications  :      Many    Arts,    and    Communications    to    Periodicals    and 
Magazines;    pamphlets.     Lyrics  of  Life,   1906. 

Quick,  John  J.,  N.B.S.  1839,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia;  Jackson  40-3,  Fairfield, 
45-9,  Wynantskill  49-54,  Currytown  55-6,  Mapletown  and  Currytown 
56-61,  Mapletown  61-2,  S.S.  Fort  Herkimer  1867-8.     Died  18... 


TTIE    MINISTRY  459 

<5uick.  Peter  J.,  b.  Mar.  6.   1806;   R.C.  33-  N.B.S.  36.  1.  CI.   Philadelphia: 
Clarkstown.  37-66,   Rector  of   Hertzog  Hall,  69-74.  librarian  of    Sage 
Library,  74-1886,  d.  Nov.  9. 
He  was  a  faithful  man  and  an  exceliont  preacher  but  so  modest  that  his 
abilities  were  largely  unrecognized. 

See   Manual.   1902. 
Quinn,   Robt.   A.,   b.   1798.     N.B.S.    1833,   1.   CI.   N.B.    1833;    Caughnawaga, 
1833-5.   Oyster   Bay.    1835-41,   Manayunk,    1842-7,   Stone   House   Plains, 
1847-9,  Chaplain  at' Sailors'  Snug  Harbor.  1832-63,  d.  Jan.  31. 
After   performing   his   duties   as   chaplain,   on   Jan.   31,   at    Sailors'    Snug 
Harbor,  he  was  deliberately  shot  through  the  heart  by  Herman  Ingalls.  an 
old  sailor,  who,  it  is  said,  had  revealed  his  past  life  crimes  to  his  chaplain, 
and  now  feared  exposure.     Ingalls  then  immediately  shot  himself.     He  was 
much  given  to  muttering  and  solitary  walking,  and  his  companions  thought 
he  had  been  a  pirate  and  was  troubled  with  remorse.     Mr.  Quinn  had  been 
chaplain  of  the  institution  for  eleven  years. 

Ralston,  Edward  Stanlev.  b.  Boston,  Mass.    Law  School.  Lane  T.  Sem.  1886, 

1.    bv    Cong.    Council.      (Cong..    Newport.    Ky.,    1886-7.    Lincoln,    Neb., 

Plvmouth,    1887-91.    Pres.    Aspen   Col..    1891-3).      Piermont,    1894-1900, 

Harlem  Collegiate.  N.Y.C..  1900-1903,  Poughkeepsie,  N.Y.,  2d,  1903-12, 

Netherwood.   Plainfield,  N.J.,   1914-20. 
Rand,   Wm.   Wilberforce,    (s.  of    Rev.   Asa   Rand),   b.   at   Gorham,   Maine, 

Dec.  8.   1816;    Bowdoin  Col.  37.   Bangor   Sem.  40;    lie.  Waldo   Cong. 

Assoc.   Jan.    14,   1840;    ord.  by  CI.   Cayuga.   Sept.    i,   1841  ;    Canastota, 

1841-4;    Ed.  and   Pub.   Sec.  N.Y.    Tract  Soc.    1844-1902,  d.   March  3, 

1909.    D.D.  by  N.Y.U.,  1883. 

Under  Dr.  Rand  as  Superintendent  of  the  Publishing  Department  of  the 
Tract  Society,  about  7.000  new  publications  were  issued,  of  which  about 
1.790  were  volumes,  and  the  rest  tracts,  wall  rolls,  &c.  Many  hundreds  of 
the  publications  were  in  foreign  languages.  The  only  large  volume  of  which 
Dr.  Rand  was  himself  the  personal  and  sole  author  is  "The  Bible  Dictionary 
in  English  and  Spanish."  Aside  from  special  service  in  compiling,  his  main 
Avork  was  in  selecting  new  issues  from  thousands  of  books  and  tracts  offered, 
revising  many  of  them,  and  seeing  them  through  the  press,  as  well  as  super- 
vising the  six  periodicals  which  the  Society  is  now  publishing.  After  the 
death  of  Dr.  Halleck.  Dr.  Rand  was  alone  in  this  responsible  work. 

See  Manual,  1902,  Min.  Gen.  Svn..  1909.  533. 
Randall,  Peter  G.    R.C.  1838,  N.B.S.  41.  1-  CI.  N.Y..  d.  1842. 
Randies,  Wm.  N.,  b.  at  West  Hebron,  N.Y.,  Mar.  14,  1837;    U.C.  59,  United 

Presb.  Sem..  Xenia.  O.,  63.  lie.  (U.P.)   Presb.  Argvle.  62;    ord.  (U.P.) 

Pre.sbyt.  Albany.  64:    (W^est  Charlton,  N.Y..   (U.P.)    1864-7-2);    Glen- 

ville,  1873-81,  d.  Nov.  20. 
Randolph,    Edward   T.   E..   b.   New   Brunswick,    N.J..   Jan.   30,    1872;     R.C. 
96,   N.B.S.  99.  1.  CI.   N.B.  Leeds,   1900-1903.  West   Copake,  N.Y.,   1903- 

06,  West  Nyack  (Clarktown),  1906-16,  Livingston,  N.Y.,  1916-19,  Hyde 

Park.  N.Y.,  1919 

Rankin,  John    Joseph,  b.   Newark.   N.J.,   Aug.    12,    1854;    Wms.   Coll.   76. 

U.S.  and  P'.S.  80.  lie.  bv  Presb.  Newark,  80:   ord.  Presbv.  Buffalo,  83; 

(Clarence,   N.Y.,  83-5),   Bronxville,  83-8:     (Presbyt). 
Ranney,   William   Addison,   b.   Summer   Hill.   N.Y.,   March   22.    1871.   R.C. 

1896,   N.B.S.    1899.     Teacher. 
Ranson,  Alonzo  A.,  b.  Kilbourne.  111.,  June  23.  1876,  R.C.  1901.  N.B.S.  1904, 

I.  by  CI.  N.B.,  Hoboken.  N.J.,  ist  1904-06,  M.D..  Col.  P.  and  S.,  1909- 

Phvsician. 
Rapalje,  Daniel,  b.   New   Lots.   (Brooklvn).   N.Y..   Ap.   20.   1836:    R.C.   33. 

N.B.S.  38.  1.  S.  CI.  L.I..  Missionary  Amoy  China.  1838-99. 
Ratzell,  J.  P.     Candidate  in  CI.  N.Y.   1900.     Congregationalist   1900. 
Rauscher.  John  Charles,  b.  Corona,  N.Y.,  ALarch  i.  1873.  Clinton  Col.,  Ta., 

1906,  U.S.  98.  lie.  by  Presbyt.  Brooklyn,  Astoria.  1899-1916.  Brooklyn. 


460  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

N.Y.,  i2th  St..  1916 ,  Ph.D.  Ch.  Col.,  la.,  1908,  S.T.D.  Temple  Univ, 

1913- 
Raven,  John  Howard,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Oct.  3,  1870;    R.C.   1891,  N.B.S. 

94,  lie.   S.   CI.   L.I.,   Metuchen,  94-99,   Act.   Prof.    1898-9,    Prof.   O.   T. 

Langs,  and  Exegesis,  New  Brunswick  Seminary,  1899 ,  Studied  at 

University    Berlin    1902-03,    Lecturer    on    English    Bible,    R.C,    1910, 

D.D.  R.C.  1899. 
Publications:     O.  T.  Introduction  1906-10,  Essentials  of  Hebrew  Gram- 
mar 1908,  General  Catalogue  R.C.  1766-1909  and  1916,  Biblical  Hermantics 
1910,   Biographical   Record,    N.B.S.,    1784-1911. 
Rawls.  John.     N.B.S.  1819.  1.  CI.  N.B. ;    Columbia,  20-23,  w.  c. 
Ray,  Henry  C.  S.S.  All  Soul's  Florence,  S.C,  1913-15. 
Raymond,  And.  Van  Vranken,    (s.  of  H.  A.  Raymond),  b.  Aug.  8.   1854, 

at   Visscher's   Ferry.   N.Y.,   U.C.   75,   N.B.S.   78,   lie.    CI.   Schenectady; 

Totowa.    1st.    Paterson.    N.J.,    78-81,    Plainfield,    N.J.,    81-7,    (Albany, 

4th    Presbyt..   87-94.    President   of    Union    College,    Schenectady.    N.Y., 

1894-1907."  Buffalo,  ist  Presb..  1907-18.  d.  April  5).     D.D..  U.'C.   1887. 

LL.D.  W.  C.  1894  and  Col.  of  South  Carolina,  1905 ,  L.H.D.    U.C. 

1908. 
Dr.  Raymond  was  a  man  of  singular  symmetry  of  character,  who  never 
attempted  anything  without  doing  it  well. 

Raymond.  Andrew  Van  Vranken.   Jr..   (son  of  Rev.  A.  V.  V.  Raymond), 
'  b.  Plainfield,  N.J.,  June  17,  1886,  U.C.  1908.  N.B.S.  1909-11,  U."S.  1912, 

ord.  by  Pres.  of   Buffalo.     (Pres.   New   South  Wales,   N.Y.,    1912-19, 

in   Europe).  * 

Raymond,  Henry  A.,  b.  at  Patterson,  Putnam  Co..  N.Y.,  July  10,  1804;  Y.C. 

1825,   N.B.S.    1828,   lie.   CI.    Poughkeepsie.    1828.    Sharon,    Lawyersville, 

and  Cobleskill.   1829-32.  Fairfield.   1833-5.  Niskayuna.   1836-50.  Owasco, 

1851-3.   Amity.    1853-6.   Lawyersville   and    Sharon.    1856-64,    Boght   and 

Rensselaer,  1864-71.     Died  July  18.  1877. 
He  was  a  pastor  of  unusual  ability,  wisdom  and  faithfulness.     See  Manual, 
1902. 
Read.   Edward   Grifficn    (son  of   Hollis   Read),   b.   at   Sharon.   Ct.,   Nov.   3, 

1844,  C.N.J.  61,  Tutor  of  Latin  in  C.N.J.  61-3.  P.S.  65.  lie.  by  Presbyt. 

Passaic.  64;    (Madison.  Wis..  Presbyt.  65-8.  Elizabeth.  3d.  N.J..  68-75; 

Cong..  Bennington,  Vt.,  75-82),  Somerville.  2d  (Raritan,  2d),  1882-1908^ 

Chaplain    N.J.    Senate,    1915-20.      Member    Bd.    of    Education,    R.C. A., 

1887-1896.     Member  Bd.  of  F.M.,  R.C.A.,  1889—.     D.D..  .R.C,  1895. 
Publications:    Occasional  Sermon.     "A  Domine  in  Bible  Lands,"   1894. 
Sermon  at  50th  Anniversary  of  2d  Ch.  of  Raritan,  1884. 
Read.  George  Oliver,  b.  Feb.  4.   1882,  Philadelphia.  Pa..  1.  by  Ref.   E.   Ch. 

1904.     Sem.   Ref.  Epis.  Ch.   1906.      (Served  in  Ref.  Ep.  Ch.   1904-20). 

S.S..  Marconier  Ref.  Ch..  1920-21,  Knox,  and  2nd  Berne.  1921 

Read.  Hollis.  b.  Vt..  1802.    W.C  26.  P.S.  28.  Pres.  Bombay,  Babylon,  N.Y... 

Derby,  Ct..  Craneville.  N.J..  in  Ref.  Ch.  1853-5,  w.  c.,  d.  1887. 
For  details  see  "P.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 
Read.  John  Leighton.     (Son  of  Missionary  to  Indians  23  years),  b.  Paris, 

Texas,  Sept.  14,  1879.     Austin  Col.  1901.  Austin  T.S.  1905.  1.  by  Pres. 

Ouacheta    1905.      (Pres.    Gurdon.    Ark..    1905-08.    Junction    City.    Ark., 

1908-12,  Little  Rocky,  Ark.,  Central.  1912-17).     Missionary  under  W.B. 

D.M..  R.C.A.,  among  Indians.     Colony.  Okl.,  1917 

Publications:    Articles  in  Mission  Field. 
Rearick.   Wm.   R.     M.E.   Church.     Temple   Univ.      Philadelphia.   2d.    1908- 

09.  Philadelphia.  Talmage  Memorial.  1909 

Rederus,  Francis,  b.  Lutjcgast.  Groningen.  in  Netherlands.  Aug.  19,  1822; 
entered  Seminary  of  Free  Church  at  Kampen.  1852;  (preached  at  Stroo- 
bos.  Beotgum.  in  Vriesland :  at  Wesep  and  Apeldoorn  in  Guelderland ; 
came  to  America.  Nov..  1872;  Pater.son.  N.J..  (Bridge  St.  Refd.  Holl. 
Seceder  Ch.),  72-74),  Passaic,  N.J.,  74-76,  Pella,  la.,  3d,  76-1886,  May 

10,  d. 


THE   MINISTRY  '  461 

He  graduated  with  the  first  class  of  the  Seminary  at  Kampen.     While 
settled    in    the    Netherlands    he    did    much    missionary    work,    establishing 
preaching  stations  in  wicked  i)laces,  as  Berlicum,  St.  Anna,  &c.,  and  many 
were  led  to  Christ.     At  St.  Anna  an  evangelical  church  was  formed,  whicli 
flourishes  to  this  day  in   \"riesland.     His   people   were   profoundly  attached 
to  him  for  his  evangelical  zeal  and  labors  among  them.    After  a  year  and  a 
half  of  labor  in  a  Seceder  church  in  Paterson,  N.J.,  he  joined  the  regular 
Reformed  Church  in  America,  and  spent  the  rest  of  his  ministry  in  her  fold, 
where  his  great  zeal  and  efficiency  continued  to  the  end  of  his  life. 
Rederus,  Sipko  F.,  (son  of  Rev.  Francis  Rederus),  b.  in  Netherlands,  July 
29,    1854;     College   of   Refd.    Ch.    at    Kampen;     c.   to   America,    1872; 
N.B.S.    1877:     lie.    by    Winabago    Convention.     (Cong.),    Wis.,    1881  ; 
(Supplied,   Presbyt.   Ch.   in    Chicago.    1877,   Cong.   Ch.   at  Alto,   Wis.. 
and  other  churches,  as  Greenleafton,  Minn..  New  Amsterdam  and  Cato, 
Wis.)  ;    Britton,  Alich.,  93-96,  Tyre.  N.Y..  1896-1901,  (Presbyt.,  Wamps- 
ville,    N.Y.,    1901-02,     (Pres.    Canastota,    N.Y.,     1902-04,    Nortonville, 
Kan.,  1904-07,  Farley,  la.,  1907-1922).     Died  Feb.  22,  1922. 
Publications:    "Vibrations  of  Aly  Soul,"  a  Poem,  1887;   "Alemorial  Ser- 
mon to  Soldiers."  1894;    contributions  to  the  press;    Essays  and  selections 
from  the  Dutch  and  Flemish  poets. 

Reed,  Edward  Allen,  b.  June  24,  1843,  at  Lansingburgh,  N.Y. ;  Aub.  Sem. 
71,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  of  Cayuga,  N.Y.,  70;  ord.  by  Cong.  Council,  at 
Springfield.  Mass.,  June  14.  71  ;  (Cong.  Ch.,  Springfield,  Mass.,  71- 
78),  New  York  City,  Madison  Ave.,  78-86,  (Holvoke,  Mass.,  2d  Cong. 

1886-1914,  P.E.   1914 .  DD.  by  R.C.   1881. 

Publications:  "Manly  Christianity,"  1879,  containing  also  a  brief  his- 
tory of  Madison  Ave.  Ch. 

Reese,  David  R.,  b.  Shawnee,  O..  Ohio  State  Univ.  1901,  Boston,  Univ. 
Sch.   of   Theo.    1904.   1.   by   M.E.   Ch.    (M.E.   pastorates    1905-09.   Pres. 

Akron,  O.,  1909-16),  High  Bridge,  N.J.,   1916 ■ 

Reeverts.  Andrew  J.,  b.  flear  Oregon,  Ogle  Co.,  111.,  Jan.  20,  1868;    H.C.  92, 

.W.S.  95,  1.  CI.  Pleasant  Prairie;    Monroe  ist   (Ger.),  S.D.,  95-7,  Im- 

manuel,   Belmond,   la.,   1897-1907,  also   S.S.,  Alexander,   la.,   1897-1902, 

Peoria,  111.,  1907-20,  d.  Alarch  14,  1920.     Administrator  of  "Der  Mitar- 

•  beitcr,  1908-20. 

Mr.  Reeverts  passed  his  whole  ministry  among  German  speaking  churches, 
in  the  service  of  which  he  was  eminently  useful.  See  Min.  Gen.  Svn.,  1902, 
281. 

Reeverts,  Frederick,  b.  Ogle  Co.,  111.,  Nov.  16,  1871.  H.C.  1899,  W.T.S. 
1902,  1.  by  CI.  P.P.  1902.    Alexander,  la.,  1902-1908,  Meservey,  la.,  S.S., 

1907,  Monroe,  la.,  1908-12,  Stout,  la.,  1912 

Reeves,  John  Recder,  b.  New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  Nov.  14,  1891.  Wesleyan 
Univ.  1914,  P.G.  Univ.  of  Pa.,  M.E.  Conference  Course  1918,  I.  by  N.J. 
Conference  M.E.  Ch.  1912.  (Pastorates  M.E.  Ch.,  1915-21).  Haw- 
thorne, N.J.,  1921 

Puiu.icATioNs :   Head  of  the  River  Church,  191". 
Reichert,  J.  F.     Forreston.  III.,  1871-2. 
Reidenbach,  T.  A.    Ger.  Evang.,  Brooklvn,  E.D.,  1865-6. 
Reiley,   DeWitt  Ten  Broeck,  b.  Hurley,   N.Y.,   1837   (s.  of  Wm.  Reiley)  ; 
R.C.  57,  lie.  CI.  N.B.  66;  Prof.  Latin  Lang,  and  Lit.  in  Rutgers  College. 
61-65;    Librarian,  R.C,  63-71;    also  Rector  Grammar  School,  1868-74; 
again,  76-83.    U.S.  Consul,  Athens,  Greece,  1884-5,  d.  Aug.  6,  1900.    See 
"Biog.  Notices  of  Grads..  R.C."  1901.  5. 
Publications:    "Elementary  Instruction  in  Latin."     ''Educational  Month- 
ly," 1875- 

Reilcv.  Wm..  b.  at  Durham.  Bucks  Co.,  Pa..  Feb.  12.  1810;    R.C.  33.  N.B.S. 
36,   lie.    CI.    N.B.;     Hurley.   36-9,    Middletown,    N.J.,    39-1887;     emeri- 
tus.   Died  July  19,  1894.    D.D.,  R.C,  1857. 
His  long  pastorate  at  Middletown  was  marked  by  great  faithfulness  and 


462  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

increasing  usefulness.     He  was  the  father  of  the  Classis  of  Monmouth.     See 

Manual,  1902. 

Reiner,  John  H.,  b.  in  Russia;    c.  to  America,   1880;    West  Leyden,   i88r- 

5,  Gallatin,  86-7. 
Reinhart,  Harry  E.,  b.   Usquert,   Neth.,  May   17,   1869,   W.T.S.   1913,  1.  by 

CI.  of  G.R.  1913.  Chandler,  Minn..  1913-20,  Ireton,  la.,   1920 

Renskers,  Garret  John,  b.  at  Winterwyck,  Netherlands,  Nov.  3,  1818;    c.  to 
America  46,   studied   under   German   and   Presbyt.   auspices   in    Iowa ; 
ord.   by   Presbyt.   55    (Ger.   Chs.   in   the   west,   55-64;    Zeeland,   Mich., 
Presbyt.  64-8);    Clymerhill,  68-80;    emeritus.     Died   Nov.    i,   1893. 
Renslaer,  see  Van  Rensselaer. 
Rex,   Henry   L.,   Lower  Walpack,   1879-87. 

Reynolds,  Frank  Ten  Broeck,  b.  Utter  Park,  N.Y.,  Academy,  Ref.  Ep. 
Sem.,  Philadelphia  1899,  ord.  Ref.  Epis.  1899,  (Ref.  Epis.  New  West- 
minster, B.C.,  1899-1901,  Toronto,  Ca.,  1901-05),  Spotswood,  N.J.,  1905- 

II,  Glenville,  ist   (Schenectady)    1911-13,  Keyport,  N.J.,  1913 ,  Sec. 

Monmouth  Co.  Bible  Soc,  Sec.  Monmouth  Co.  Historical  Association. 
Publications  :     Sketch  of  Monmouth  Co.  Bible   Society. 
(Reynolds,  G.  Pres.,  S.S.  Columbia,  N.Y.,  1897). 

Reynolds,  Kiah  M.,  b.  Nov.   18,  1862,  Alonticello,  N.Y.,  Profesor   Smock's 
Academy,  four  years  M.E.  Conference  Course,  1.  by  N.Y.  Conference 
M.E.  Church  1909.     (M.E.  pastorates.  Cook's  Falls,  N.Y.,  1904-07,  Ac- 
cord, N.Y.,  1908-09,  Kenoza  Lake,  N.Y..  1910-12,  Bloomingburg,  N.Y., 
1913-16,    Greenville,    I^.Y.,    1917-20).      Beaverdam    and    Berne,    N.Y., 
1921 ,  Chairman  of  Sub-Committee  in  organizing  Centenary  Cam- 
paigns  in    M.E.    Church. 
Rhinehart.  J.  Kelly,  b.  Bruynswick.  N.Y..   1830;    R.C.  59,  N.B.S.  62,  1.  CI. 
Orange ;    Roxbury,   62-73,    Princetown,    N.Y.,   73-89,   also    S.S.    Grand 
Gorge  1871-2,  Kiskatom,  89-91,  d.  Nov.  15. 
See    "Mints.    Gen.    Syn.,"    1892,   653. — "Biog.    Notices    of    Grads,    R.C," 
1892,  35. 

Rice,  C.  D.,  Y.C.,  I.  by  Hampden  Assoc,  Mass.,  1839;    (Granby.  Ct.,  1839- 
42,  East   Douglass,   Mass.,   1842-52,   Poughkeepsie    1854-60,  all   Cong.), 
i860,  in  Ref.  Ch. ;    Prin.  of  Colleg.  Instit.  for  Young  Ladies,  Pough- 
keepsie, 1860-78;    and  of  Ossining  Institute,  Sing  Sing,   1878-82. 
Rice,  Henry  Leffler.  b.  Washington  Co..  Pa..  June  25,  1795;    Troy  Univer- 
sity,  1818,  P.S.  21,  ord.  as  an  evangelist  by  Presbyt.  N.B.  Oct.  2,  22; 
Miss,  in  West  23-4,  Spotswood,  N.J..  25-34   (Ger.  Ref.  Chambersburg, 
Pa.,  34-1837.  d.  May  3,     See  "Appel's  Recollections  of  Coll.  Life,  pp. 
27-30 ;    Corwin's  20th  anniv.   Ser.  at  Millstone. 
(Rice.  Wm..  Ass.  Marble  Col.  N.Y.C..  1916). 
(Richards,  L.  E..  S.S.  Grand  Gorge,   1866). 
Ricke,  Herman,  Hackensack   (Ger.).  1874-7. 
Ricketts,  J.  H..  S.S.  Princetown.  1863-5,  w.  c.  1867. 

Riddle.  David  H..  b.  Martinsburg.  Va..  Apr.  14.  1805;  J.C.  2^.  P.S.  28,  I. 
Presbyt.  of  Winchester;  (Winchester,  28-33.  Pittsburgh,  3d.  33-57), 
Jersey  City,  ist,  57-62,  (Pres.  of  Jefferson  Coll.,  62-5.  Prof,  of  Moral 
Philosophy  in  Washington  and  Jefferson  Coll.  65-8.  Canonsburgh,  63-8, 
Martinsburgh,  Va..  68-79.  Died  Tulv  16,  1888. 
D.D.  bv  Marshall  Coll.  43,  LL.D.  bv  R.C.  63.  See  "N.Y.  Evangelist," 
Aug.   1888,  and  "N.  Y.  Observer."  July  26.   1888. 

Publications:     "The  Pilgrims  and  their  Principles."  1850. — "Our  Coun- 
try, for  the  Sake  of  the  World."     1851. — "Ground  of  Confidence  in  Foreign 
Missions."     1851.     "Before  Am.  Bd." — Ser.  at  Installation  of  Rev.  Dr.  Ab. 
Polhemus."     1857. — "Such  a  Time  as  This."     Thanksgiving  Sermon.     1859. 
Riddle  Matthew  B.   (s.  of  David  H.  Riddle),  b.  Oct.  17,'  1836,  J.C.   1852, 
Allegheny   S.,   and    N.B.S.   59.   1.   CI.    Bergen;     Heidelberg   University 
(Europe),  60-1,  Chaplain  in  the  army.  61   Hoboken,  61-5.  Newark,  2d, 
65-9,  in  (Germany,  69-71,  Prof,  in  Hartford  Theological  Seminary  71-87. 


THE    MINISTRY  463 

(In  1878  dismissed  from  CI.  Newark  to  Hartford  South  Assoc.  Cor.g. 
Ch.).        Prof,     of     N.T.     Exegesis     in     Alleghany     Sem.     (Presbyt.) 

1887 ,    President   of    Faculty,    Member    N.    T.    Revision   Committee, 

D.D.,  F.  and  M.C.,  1870,  P.E.  1894.  LL.D.,  West.  Univ.  of  Penn. 
Publications:  "Lange's  Commentary:"  American  edition.  Vol.  V. 
Epistle  to  the  Romans.  (Added  Textual  Notes,  from  chap.  5  onward;  ed- 
ited, with  additional  Notes,  from  chap.  6  onward).  1869.  "Lange's  Com- 
mentary;" Am.  ed.  Vol.  VII;  epistles  to  the  Galatians.  Ephesians,  Philip- 
pians  and  Colossians.  (Edited  Galatians;  translated  and  edited  Ephesians 
and  Colossians;  all  with  additional  Notes).  1870.  "Notes  on  the  Inter- 
national S.S.  Lessons  1877-81,  International  Revision  Commentary,  Vol. 
2-36,  Meyer's  Commentary  on  N.  T.,  Vol.  2,  Harmony  of  Gospels  in  Greek 
1885,  Harmony  of  Four  Gospels  in  English,  1886,  Outline  Harmony  of 
Gospels  1895, '  Anti-Nicene  Fathers,  Vol.  7-8,  Nicene  and  Post-Nicene 
Fathers,  Vol.  6-10. 

More  than  700  articles  all  told.     See  Manual,  1902. 
Riedel,  F.  W.  A.,  b.  Germany,  Darmstadt   Gym.,  N.B.S.   1858,  1.  CI.   N.Y., 
S.S.  Jeffersonville,  58-61,  also  at  Thumansville,  60-1  ;   became  a  Roman 
Catholic;    returned  1867.     Became  Ger.  Ref.   (New  Albany,  1867). 
Rieger,  John   Bartholomew,  b.  at  Oberingelheim,  Jan.  23,   1707;    matricu- 
lated at  Heidelberg,  Feb.  24,  1724,  as  a  student  of  philosophy;    matric- 
ulated at  Basle,  Ap.  20,   1724;    came  to  Philadelphia,   1731  ;    Philadel- 
phia, 1731-4,  supplied  also  Skippack  and  Germantown,   1733;    Amwell, 
^■];   1734-39   (?)   Lancaster,   Pa.,   1739-43;    returned  to   Holland,  and 
matriculated  at  Leyden,  Mar.  20,   1744.  to  study  medicine;    returned  to 
America,    Alarch,    1745;     supplied    Schaefferstown,    1746-.. .     He    also 
preached  for  the  disaffected  in  the  Raritan  Dutch  churches,  1736-7-    Died 
1769. 
Why  he  left  Heidelberg  University  for  Basle  University  so  soon,  is  not 
known.     The  congregation  at  Amwell  would  not  receive  him,  until  he  had 
made  an  apology  to  Boehm  -for  intruding  in  the  church  of  Skippack.     This 
was  done  at   New   York   in   the  presence  of   Domines   Du   Bois,    Boel,   and 
Antonides.     He  also  then,  1734,  promised  submission  to  Classis  of  Amster- 
dam.    He  was  at  Lancaster  during  the  Zinzendorf  movement,  into  which 
he  entered  heartily.     His  church,  therefore,  turned  against  him.     He  now 
went  back  to   Holland,  and   determined  to   study  medicine  at   Leyden.     He 
appeared  before  the  Classis  of   Amsterdam  on   Nov.   5,    1743,  and  gave  an 
account  of  the  churches  in  Pennsylvania.     On  April  13.  1744.  he  wrote  out 
his  Report   for  the  Classis,  and  made   suggestions.     He   returned  to   Lan- 
caster in   March.   1745.  to  practice  medicine.     The  church   was  now  occu- 
pied by  Schnorr.     "Dr.  Good's  Hist.  Refd.  Ch.  in  U.S." 
Riepma,  Siert,  F..  H.C.  1900,  W^T.S.   1903,  1.  by  CI.  G.R.,  Detroit,  Mich., 
1903-05,  Hospers,  la..   1905-08,  Oklahoma  City,   1908-11,  Grand  Rapids, 

Emmanuel  1911-14,  Presbyterian  1914 

Ries,  Geo.  Adam.  b.  at  Heringen.  Ger..  Oct.   18.   1846.  R.C.  72.  N.B.S.  75, 

1.  CI.   Schoharie,  Lawversville,  75-8,   Scarsdale,  78-80,    (Home  Miss,  to 

Poplar  Bluff,  by  Presbyt.  Bd.,  82-86.     Living  at  Oakland,  Cal.). 

Riggs,  Alex.  Brown,  b.  Portsmouth,  O.,  June  21,  1842;  Jeff.  Coll.  63,  Aub. 

Sem.  69.  U.S.  70.  Fort  Plain.  70-6.      (Pres.  Waterford.  N.Y..   1876-90, 

Cincinnati,  7th.  1891-1902.     Inst,  and  Prof.,  Lane  Sem.,   1894 ). 

Rigg,  Charles  W.,  b.  Constantinople,  1855.  son  of  Rev.  Elias  Riggs,  D.  D.), 

P.C.  1886.  N.B.S.  1894-5.  Oberlin  1897.  Congregationalist. 
Riggs,  Jas.  Forsyth,  b.  at  Smyrna.  Turkey.  Oct.  4.  1852;  C.N.J.  72.  U.S. 
78.  lie.  bv  Presb.  of  Morris  and  Orange.  78;  ord.  bv  Presbyt.  Eliza- 
beth. 78;"  (Cranford.  N.L.  78-84).  Bergen  Point  84-92.  Prof,  of  N.T. 
Greek  in  N.B.  Sem.  92-8.  (East  Orange.  Brick  Presb.  Ch.,  1898-1918. 
Died  Ian.  24),  D.D.  by  R.C.  1892. 


464  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Dr.  Riggs  thought  in  pictures  and  his  preaching  was  marked  by  an  unu- 
sual wealth  of  appropriate  illustration. 

Publications:  Inaugural  address  as  Professor  of  Greek,  N.B.S.  1892. 
Riley,  Isaac,  (s.  of  Rev.  H.  A.  Riley,  of  Montrose,  Pa.,  and  son-in-law  of 
Rev.  Joel  Parker,  of  Newark),  b.  in  N.Y.C.  Feb.  2,  1835;  Y.C.  58, 
U.S.  61,  lie.  Presbyt.  1861  ;  (Wilmington,  Del.,  61-4,  Pottsville,  Pa., 
64-7,  Newark,  N.J.,  67-8.  all  Presbyt.)  ;  N.Y.C,  34th  street,  68-75, 
(Buffalo,  Westminster  Ch.,  1875-8),  d.  Oct.  23.  See  Manual  of  1879. 
Ritchie,  Frank  C,  S.S.  Philadelphia,  2d,  1913,  S.S.  Lutheran  Ch.  Chalfont, 

Pa. 
Ritzema,  Johannes,  b.   1710;    ord.  by  CI.  Amsterdam,  July  20,   1744:    c.  to 
America,   1744;    New   York   City,   1744-84,    (but  absent   from  the  city 
during  the   Revolution),   Kinderhook.    1788-88.     Also    frequently   offici- 
ated at   Harlem,   Philipsburgh,   Fordham,   and   Cortlandt.     One  of   the 
original  trustees   of   King's    (Columbia)    College,   1754.     Died   Ap.    10, 
1796. 
The  earliest  reference  to  him  in  the  "jMinutes  of  the  Classis  of  Amster- 
dam," is  as  follows  : 

Rev.    Ritceina.     Examination. 

1744,  July  20.  Art.  II.  Also  were  admitted  to  both  final  and  prepara- 
tory examination.  Rev.  John  Ritzema,  called  as  minister  at  New  York,  after 
a  sermon  on  Psalm  12.12;  and  Peter  Brink,  after  a  sermon  on  2  Tim. 
2:19;  in  the  presence  of  Rev.  Deputatus  Synodi,  Rev.  Cornelius  Houthof, 
minister  at  Amsterdam.  Therein  they  each  gave  the  Rev.  Assembly  such  sat- 
isfaction, that  Rev.  John  Ritzema  was  ordained  to  the  Sacred  Office  of  the 
church  in  New  York,  with  the  laying  on  of  hands  ;  and  Rev.  Peter  Brink, 
to  the  public  preaching  office,  as  a  licentiate.     Minutes  in   Vol.  XII.,  72. 

His  name  does  not  appear  in  the  printed  catalogues  of  Leyden,  Utrecht, 
or    Groningen. 

He  arrived  in  New  York,  with  a  wife  and  three  children,  pending  the 
negotiations  for  a  Coetus.  The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  wrote  to  the  church 
of  New  York  a  very  flattering  testimonial  concerning  him.  He  was  a 
prominent  member  in  all  the  meetings  of  the  Coetus,  and  felt  the  incapacity 
of  that  body  as  much  as  any  one,  (1748-53).  In  September,  1753,  it  was 
proposed  to  make  an  effort  to  put  the  Coetus  on  a  better  footing,  and  to 
supply  all  deficiencies  in  its  constitution.  The  next  regular  meeting  (Sep- 
tember, 1754),  was  appointed  for  the  handling  of  this  matter,  prior  to  all 
questions,  and  all  the  brethren  were  requested  to  be  present. 

But  during  this  interim  the  plans  of  the  Episcopalians  for  a  college,  to 
be  under  their  control,  but  supported  by  general  taxation,  reached  their 
consummation.  The  Hon.  Wm.  Livingston  had  for  several  years  fought 
these  plans  through  the  press,  and  had  been  sustained  by  all  the  citizens 
except  the  Episcopalians.  He  showed  that  an  English  Church  Establish- 
ment was  lurking  under  the  scheme,  and  that  it  was  eminently  unjust  to 
charter  a  college  to  be  supported  by  all  the  people,  but  which  would  be 
controlled  by  a  single  sect.  The  Dutch  were  a  majority  in  the  Provincial 
Assembly,  and  the  charter  could  not  be  passed  without  their  help.  They 
were  therefore  reminded  that  they  were  not  dissenters,  but  came  from  a 
State  Church,  and  they  alone  of  all  un-Episcopal  bodies  were  able  to  ob- 
tain church  charters.  The  Ministry  Act  of  1693  did  not  formally  establish 
the  Episcopal  Church  as  such,  and  by  name,  but  only  provided  for  the 
scttliiu/  of  (7  ini}iistry  by  lazi'.  It  was  indeed  explained  by  a  subsequent 
Assembly  that  these  ministers  need  not  necessarily  be  Episcopalians.  The 
Dutch  Church  was  also  sometimes  called  the  Established  Church.  Now  it 
was  suggested  that  if  the  Dutch  helped  to  pass  the  charter  for  King's  Col- 
lege, they  might  have  a  Professorship  of  Divinity  in  the  said  college,  and 
educate  their  ministers  there,  without  the  trouble,  expense,  and   delay  of 


THE    MINISTRY 


46; 


sending  them  to  Holland.  The  plan  seemed  eminently  desirable  in  certain 
aspects.  In  the  summer  of  1734.  Wm.  Livingston  complains  that  the  Dutch 
had  deserted  him  in  his  protests  against  such  a  college. 

In  September.  1754.  the  Coetus  met  according  to  appointment  to  discuss 
the  propriety  of  establishing  an  American  Classis  for  the  Dutch  churches. 
Ritzema  was  president.  The  plan  of  a  Classis,  as  proposed  and  discussed, 
was  unanimously  approved.  The  old  Coetus  was  a  useless  body ;  it  had 
no  foundation  in  the  church  order;  it  could  pass  no  final  sentnece;  it 
could  not  of  itself  ordain.  The  proposition  for  a  Classis  was  sent  to  the 
respective  churches  for  their  decisions,  being  signed  by  Ritzema  and  Ver- 
bryck  as  oflicers.  They  and  two  others  were  also  appointed  a  committee 
to  meet  on  the  ist  of  April,  1755,  to  canvass  the  votes  of  the  churches  upon 
this  matter. 

When  the  proposition  was  brought  before  the  church  of  New  York, 
(Oct.  I,  1754),  the  Consistory  declared  that  if  a  Coetus  were  useless,  they 
believed  a  Classis  would  be  still  more  so,  and  they  would  abide  under 
the  old  condition,  subordination  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  They  re- 
leased De  Ronde  from  his  obligations  to  the  Coetus  as  stipulated  in  his  call, 
and  Ritzema  and  De  Ronde,  with  two  elders,  were  to  write  to  the  Classis 
of  Amsterdam  concerning  the  position  of  the  New  York  Consistory  in  this 
matter.  The  same  committee  were  "to  present  a  petition  to  the  Assembly 
requesting  liberty  to  have  a  Professor  of  Divinity  for  the  Low  Dutch 
Church,"  in  connection  with  the  new  college.  On  Oct.  17,  this  committee 
wrote  to  Holland,  expatiating  on  the  uselessness  of  the  Coetus.  the  neces- 
sity of  a  learned  ministry,  that  American-made  ministers  would  bring  about 
a  total  separation  of  the  Church  from  Holland,  that  partisanship  ruled  the 
Coetus:  and  hence  they  renewed  their  old  relations  to  the  Classis.  and 
hoped  that  the  request  of  the  Coetus  for  a  Classis  would  not  prosper.  But 
they  do  not  mention  in  this  letter  their  own  petition,  two  weeks  before, 
for   a   professorship   in    King's   College! 

On  Oct.  24,  their  petition  to  the  Assembly  was  considered  and  received 
with  apparent  favor.  But  in  the  charter,  signed  Oct.  31.  the  Dutch  pro- 
fessorship does  not  appear !  Wm.  Livingston  had  warned  them  "that  all 
their  pretenses  to  sisterhood  and  identity  were  fallacious  and  hypocritical." 
It  was  because  of  these  circumstances  that  Theodore  Frelinghuysen,  of 
Albany,  took  the  course  which  he  did.  (Frelin'ghuvsex.  Theodore).  But 
the  probability  that  the  Dutch  would  secure  a  college  of  their  own,  to  the 
ruin  of  King's  College,  led  Ritzema,  on  his  own  responsibility,  to  make 
another  attempt,  and  also  prompted  the  Episcopalians  eagerly  to  grant 
his  request  for  this  professorship.  May  7,  1755.  But  the  mass  of  the  people 
were  now  disgusted  at  the  duplicity  which  had  been  manifested,  and  Rit- 
zema's  own  Consistory  severely  censured  him  for  his  unauthorized  con- 
duct. The  professorship  was  gained  indeed  by  an  amendment  to  the  col- 
lege charter,  but  an  indignant  people  would  have  nothing  more  to  do  with 
it.  No  minister  of  the  Dutch  Church  graduated  from  King's  College  until 
after  the  Revolution — a  generation   later.     (B.vssett). 

Ritzema  and  his  friends  were  now  left  in  an  awkward  predicament. 
They  had  seceded  from  the  Coetus.  and  their  final  success  concerning  the 
professorship  in  King's  College  was  a  useless  victory.  The  peculiar  cir- 
cumstances also,  perhaps,  drove  the  Coetus  to  some  rash  actions,  but  for 
the  division  of  the  Church,  and  the  tedious  Coetus  and  Conferentie  strife, 
(1775-71).  Ritzema  was  declared  responsible.  ("Centemiial  Disc,"  p.  78). 
The  Coetus  now  resolved  itself  into  a  Classis.  (1755).  and  assumed  all 
powers  beloging  thereto.  Ritzema  and  a  few  others  wrote  letters  annually 
to  Holland  as  a  Conferentie.  (or  an  unorganized  band  of  conferring  min- 
isters), and  in  1764.  after  two  unsuccessful  attempts  of  the  American  Class- 
is  to  bring  them  into  their  body,  these  conferring  ministers  organized  them- 
selves into  an  Assemblv  subordinate  to  the  Classis.  They  claimed  to  be 
the  original  Ccetus.     They  had  the  Alinute-Book  of  the  Coetus,  and  recorded 


466  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

their  own  letters  and  acts  therein.  A  pamphlet  controversy  sprung  up 
between  Rev.  John  Leydt  and  Ritzema  upon  the  questions  at  issue.  (  Leydt, 
John).  Until  1764,  no  elders  had  attended  the  meetings  of  the  conferring 
ministers,  (the  Conferentie).  In  that  year,  anticipating  the  failure  of  the 
second  effort  for  union,  Ritzema  had  requested  his  Consistory  to  appoint 
elders  as  delegates,  but  they  utterly  refused,  and  Laidlie  also  refused  to 
join  the  new  assembly.  Ritzema  complained  of  this  not  a  little.  Meyer's 
independent  position  at  Kingston  was  also  very  disagreeable  to  him,  and 
he  was  largely  instrumental  in  securing  his  expulsion  from  his  pulpit. 
Ritzema   was   not  present   at   the   original   meeting   for   union   in    October, 

1771,  but  his  name  stands  first  on  the  list  of  those  who  signed  the  Articles 
of  Union,  (after  their  ratification  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam),  in  June, 

1772.  After  this  he  worked  cordially  in  the  Synod  with  Leydt,  Meyer, 
and  other  former  opponents. — "Ecc.  Rec,  N.Y.,"  very  many  letters. 
"Minutes  of  R.D.C.  N.Y.,"  1744-84.  "Moore's  Hist,  of  Columbia  Col- 
lege," p.  25.  "Gunn's  Livingston."  "Sedgewick's  Life  of  Hon.  Wm.  Liv- 
ingston." "Centennial  Discourses."  p.  62-101. — "Alinutes  of  Coetus  and 
Conf.  and  of  the  earlv  Svnod."  "Genealogy  and  Biog.  Rec,"  ix.,  loi,  102. 
"Year-Book  of  Collegiate  Ch.,"  1884,  68. 

Publications  :  "Ware  Vryheyt  tot  Vrede"  beantwoort,  ofte  kortbondige 
wederleggig  van  het  boekje  van  Do.  Johannes  Leydt  waarin  klaarlyk  word 
aangewezen  dat  vrede  zonder  waarheyt  niet  mag  gezogt  worden.  Zynde  die 
Vergadering  waarvoor  zyn  E.  oykomt  nog  Coetus  nog  geauthorizeerd  omte 
examineren  nog  promoveVen.  Door  liefhebbers  van  Waar  heiden  Vrede. 
Niew-York,  1761.  Or,  Reply  to  "True  Liberty  the  Way  to  Peace,"  or  "A 
Short  Refutation  of  the  little  book  of  Rev.  John  Leydt,  wherein  is  plainly 
shown  that  peace  destitute  of  truth  may  not  be  sought,  inasmuch  as  the 
assembly  which  his  Reverence  advocates  is  not  a  Coetus,  and  has  no  author- 
ity to  conduct  examinations.  By  lovers  of  truth  and  peace."  New  York. 
Printed  by  H.  Gaine.  1761. — Aan  den  Eerwarden  Do.  Johannese  Leydt. 
Philadelphia,  1763.  Or.  "To  the  Rev.  John  Leydt,  Minister  at  New  Bruns- 
wick." i2mo.  pp.  38.  Phil.,  1763.  This  was  Ritzema's  rejoinder  to  Leydt's 
second  pamphlet  of  1762. — Extract  uit  de  Handelingen  van  het  Hoog  Eer- 
waarde  Christelyke  Synode,  van  Noord-Holland,  gehouden  te  Edam,  van 
den  26th  July  tot  den  4  Augustus,  1763.  Met  een  nodige  voor  afspraah  aan 
de  nederduitse  Gemeentens  in  de  provincien  van  Niew  York  en  Niew-Jer- 
sey,  door  Johannes  Ritzema.  New  York,  1765.  Or,  "Extract  from  the 
Acts  of  the  Rev.  Christian  Synod  of  North  Holland,  held  at  Edam,  July 
26-Aug.  4,  1763,  with  a  necessary  introduction  to  the  Dutch  churches  of 
N.Y.  and  N.J.,  by  John  Ritzema.     i2mo,  pp.  16.     N.Y.,  1765. 

We  append  here  the  title  of  the  letter  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  which 
is  in  harmony  with  the  three  pamphlets  of  Ritzema,  and  against  those  of 
Leydt. 

Brief  van  de  Wel-Eerwaarde  Classis  van  Amsterdam,  aaue  de  E. 
Heeren,  predikanten  en  ouderlingen  in  de  provincien  van  Niew-York  en 
Niew-Jersie,  die  zich  Coetus  noemen.  N.Y..  1765.  Or,  Letter  from  the 
Rev.  Classis  of  Amsterdam  to  the  Rev.  A/finisters  and  Elders  in  the 
Privinces  of  New  York  and  New  Jersey,  who  call  themselves  the  Coetus. 
i2mo,  pp.  15.  N.Y.  1765. — Answer  to  the  Remonstrance  of  Abel  Harden- 
brook  and  others  against  preaching  in  English  in  the  R.D.C.  in  N.Y. 
"Doc.  Hist.,"  N.Y.,  iii.  310-314.  Sept.  2;^,  ^767. — A  Sermon  preached  at 
Collum,  Feb..  1741.  and  in  New  York,  Jan.  15,  1755.  (MSS.  in  State 
Library,  Albany). — Many  letters  in  the  Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y. 
Robb,  John.     North  Hempstead,  1835-7,  S.S.  at  Unionville,  1839.     He  died 

in  his  6oth  vear. 
Robbins,  John  V.,  R.C.  1829,  N.B.S.  1829-30,  d.  1830. 

Roberts,    Herbert    Bennett,    b.    Brooklyn.    N.Y.,    Oct.    18,    1870;     R.C.    91, 
N.B.S.  94,  1.  CI.  Ulster;    Berne  and  Beaverdam,  N.Y.,  94-190T,  Scotia, 


THE    MINISTRY  467 

X.Y..  1901 ,  Pres.  P.S.A.,  Chairman  Child's  Welfare  Bd.  County  of 

Schenectady. 

Robertson,  James  Lovejoy,  b.  1837,  Sept.  5.  Steubenville.  O.,  Geneva  Col. 
(now  united  with  Jefferson.  1857,  Allegheny  Sem.  1859,  1.  by  Pres.  of 
Steubenville,  1857,  (Pres  .Geneva,  •  N.Y.,  1859-67,  Cincinnati,  O.,  2d, 
1867-70,  Rochester,  N.Y.,  ist,  1870-77,  Cleveland,  O.,  Euclid  Av., 
1877-81.  Cortland,  N.Y.,  1882-97,  Galveston,  Texas  4th,  1897-99.  Yonk- 
ers,  N.Y..  1899-1903),  Bronksville,  N.Y.,  1904-15,  d.  Jan.  4,  1916,  D.D. 
by  Geneva  Col.  1898. 

Robertson,  Noel.  C.C.  1823,  P.S.  1826,  Wilmington,  N.C.,  1826-8,  Miss, 
to  Manayunk,  1828,  d.  Oct.     See  Manual  of  1879.     "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iii., 

Robertson.  Samuel,  b.  near  Troy,  N.Y..  Mar.  28.  1784,  W.C.  1812,  P.S.  15, 
(Huntington,  N.J.,  16-23,  Miss,  at  White  Plains,  23-5,  Dryden,  N.Y., 
25-34,  Stillwater,  N.Y.,  34-5).  Canajoharie,  35-9-  Schoharie,  1839-43, 
Westerlo.  43-8,  (Miss,  in  Wis.,  48-9,  Winnecounee,  Wis.  49-66)  d. 
Sept.  22,.  1869. 
Robinson,  S.  N..  Cicero,  N.Y..  1854-6. 

Robinson,  Wm.  Lvle.  b.  Tan.  26.  1884.  Roxbury,  N.Y.,  Salvation  Army 
Training  School,  1908,  Crozcr,  T.S.,  1913.  1.  by  M.E.  Ch.  1908,  ord. 
by  Baptists  1910.  (Methodist  pastorate.  1908-10.  Baptist.  Sloansville, 
N.Y.,  1910-11.  East  Chatham.  N.Y.,  1911-12,  Poultney,  Vt.,  1912-15, 
Methodist,    Rutland,   Austinville.    Pa.,    1915-16,   business,   but    supplying 

church,  1916-20).     Schodack,  N.Y.,  1920-21,  Kinderhook,  N.Y.,  1921 

Rockefeller,  De  Witt  G.,  b.  Albanv,  N.Y..  Sept.  30.  1852,  R.C.  1879,  N.B.S. 
82,  lie.   CI.  Albanv,   Norwood   Park.   111.,  82-84,    ( Presbyt..   New   Scot- 
land. N.Y..  84-88.  W^hitehall.  N.Y..  89-92.   Evangelistic  Work,  92-96), 
Cobleskill  and  Lawyersville.  N.Y..  96-98.   Stuyvesant.   N.Y.,   1898-1906, 
Mariners'  Harbor,  S.I.,  J[9c6-i3,  West  New  Hempstead,   1913,  d.  Dec. 
10.     Min.  Gen.   Svn..   1914,  250. 
Rockwell,   Charles.     Y.C.   26,   A.S.   34.   1.  by  Andover  Assoc.      (Chatham, 
Mass.,  39-45,  Pelham,  N.H.,  54-5),  Kiskatom;  60-6,  "Assoc.  Ref."    D.D. 
Died  Ap..  1882. 
Publications  :      Address    before    Greene    Co..    N.Y..    Agricultural    Soc. 
1864.— Add.  before  Bible  Soc.  of  Greene  Co.,  N.Y.,   1865.— "The  Catskill 
Mountains  and  the  Regions  Around ;    Their  Scenery,  Legends  and  History ; 
with  Sketches  in  Prose  and  Verse  by  Cooper.  Irving.  Bryant.   Cole."  etc. 
i2mo.  pp.  3S.     1867. — "Foreign  Travel  and  Life  at  Sea." 
Rockwell.  Geo.,  b.  Lewisboro'.  N.Y.,  Jan.  17,  1821,  N.B.S.  51,  1.  CI.  West- 
chester. Waterloo,  N.Y..   1851-4.  Thousand  Isles,  54-/7,  Ja"-   i-  w.  c. 
Died  July  1.   1897.     See  Manual,  1902. 
PuBi.ic.'KTioxs  :     "Ebenezer."     A  Hist.  Disc,  of  the  Church  of  the  Thou- 
sand Isles. — "Twenty  Years'   Ministry."     8vo.  pp.  27.     Watertown.   1874.^- 
"Descrip):ive  Account   of   the   Localities   and   Scenery   Around   Alexandria 
Bav.  N.Y."    These  were  afterward  published  as  a  Guide  Book. 
Roddy,  Joseph  Stockton,  b.  Mt.   Pleasant,  Pa..  P.  Univ.   1891.  P.S.   1894, 
l.'by  Pres.  Carlisle.  Pa..  1893.   (Pres.  Dexter.  la..  1894-6,  Evangelistic 
Wo'rk  1896-7,  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  1896-08.  Philadelphia.  1909-14,  Olyphant, 
1914-17),  S.S.  North  and  South  Hampton  1917-21.   (Pres.  1st  Glouces- 
ter City.  N.J..   1921 ),  Ph.D..  Supt.  Press  Dept.   Peim.  C.E.  Union 

1899-1906. 
Publications:    History  of  Earlham  Ch.     History  of  Harrisburg  Pres. 
Ch.    Reports  of  C.E.  Penn  State  Convention,  1898-1906.     Articles  for  the 
press. 

Rodenberg,  F.  W..  Hartsburg.  1877. 

Roe.  Sanford.  W..  b.  Brooklvn.  Dec.  22.  1826.  U.N.Y.  47.  U.S.  51.  ord. 
by  Presb.  Catskill,  Aug.  18.  52,  S.S.  N.  Bergen.  N.J.,  51-2,  (Cairo, 
52-60.  Jamestown.  N.Y..  60-6).  Germantown.  N.Y.,  66-8,  Brooktield, 
68-70,  "Middleburgh.   70-6.    Lebanon,    N.J.,    76-83,    (S.S.    Cairo,    83-9), 


468  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Tyre,  91-2,  Plattekill,  1892-1903,  d.  Jan.  6,  1911,  D.D.  by  U.N.Y.,  1873. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,   1911,  262. 
Roe,  Walter  C,  b.  March  18.  i860,  w.  c.   1881,   (Missionary  Fort  Worth. 
1892-5,   Dallas   1895-7),   Miss,  at   Colony,   Okl.,    1897-1900,   Columbian 
Memorial  Ch.  at  Colony,  Okl..i900-i9i3,  d.  March  12. 
Dr.  Roe  was  especially  qualified  by  God   for  his   work  among  the   In- 
dians.    He  was  acquainted  with  both  cultured  and  rude  forms  of  life,  and 
knew  how  to  make  those  of  many  talents  appreciate  the  limitations  of  those 
whose  talents  are  few.     His  religion  was  practical  and  self-sacrificing.     In 
spite  of  physical  infirmity  in  his  later  life,  he  accomplished  a  great  work. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1913,  898. 
Roeder,  Charles  W.,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Aug.  23,  1877,  N.B.S.  191 1,  1.  by 

CI.    Monmouth,    Middletown.    N.J..    1911-14.    Flatlands,    L.I.,    1914 , 

Chaplain  Daughters  of  Am.  Revolution,  L.I..  of  13th  Regiment,  N.Y. 
National  Guard  of   N.Y.,   State  Division  of  United  Boys'  Brigade  of 
Am. 
Roetman,    Zwier,   b.    Genemniden,    Neth.      H.C.    1905,    W.T.S.    1909,    1.   by 

CI.  Holland,  Ustick,  Fulton,  111.,   1909-12,  Holland,  Neb.,   1912 

Rogers,  Ebenezer  P.,  b.  N.Y.C.  Dec.   18,   1807,  Y.C.   1837,   P-S.   1840,  lie. 
1840,   (Chicopee  Falls,  Mass.,  Cong.  1840-3,  Northampton,  1843-7,  Au- 
gusta,   Ga.,    Presbyt.    1847-53,   Philadelphia,    1853-6),    Albany,    1856-62, 
New  York,  South,  (5th  Av.  and  21st  St.).  1862-81.    Died  Oct.  22,  1881. 
Elected  a  trustee  R.C.  1858.     D.D.  by  O.U.  1853. 
Publications:    "The   Obligations  of   the   Female    Sex   to   Christianity." 
1849. — "The  Doct.  of  Election,  stated  in  three  Discourses."     1850. — "Earn- 
est Words  to  Young  Men;"    in  a  series  of  Discourses.     1851. — "The  Pre- 
cious  Things  of   Peter." — "A   Pious  Mother."     1853. — Hist.   Disc.   R.D.C. 
Albany.     1857. — "The  Sovereignty  of  God  in  Calamity ;"   on  the  loss  of  the 
"Central    America."     1857. — "The    Dignity    of    Teaching."     1857. — "Every- 
thing in  Christ."     1858. — Annual   Ser.  before  City  Miss.   Soc.      1858.— Ser. 
on   "Death  of  John   Knox."     1858. — Letter  on   "Death  of   Dr.   Brownlee." 
i860. — Disc,  at  Fun.  of  Mrs.  A.  B.  Talcott.     1861. — Ser.  and  Prayer  on  the 
"Death  of  Pres.  Lincoln."     1865. — "In  Voices  from  the  Pulpit." — Address 
at  the  Semi-Centennial  of  Dr.  Hodge. — Many  contributions  to  the  press. — 
"The  Classmates,  or  The  College  Revival."     (1852?). 

Rogers,  John  Archibald,  b.  at  Oswegatchie,  St.  Lawrence  Co.,  N.Y.,  Aug. 
9,   1855,   Syracuse  Univ.   1891,  Aub.   Sem.  94.  1.   Presbyt.  of   St.  Law- 
rence, Owasco,  N.Y.,  1893-1903. 
Publications:  "The  Story  of  a  Century,"  or  a  Brief  Hist,  of  Refd.  Ch. 
at  Owasco. 
Rogers,  Leonard,  b.  1803,  N.B.S.  1832,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1832,  Catlin  1832-3,  Sand 

Beach.  1833-34,  w.  c.     Died  1838. 
Rogers,  Lester  Cortlandt,  b.  Waterford,  Ct.,  Dec.  11,  1829;    W.C.  56,  ord. 
58,  by  Seventh  Day  Baptists,  N.B.S.  60   (pastor.  New  Market,   N.J., 
57-68),  Leonardsville,  N.Y.,  68-72,  Milton,  Wis.,  72-6,  Evangelist.  Sab- 
bath Reformer  and  Lecturer.     Prof,  of  History  and  Civics  in  Alfred 
University,  88-98. 
Publications  :  '  'The  Golden  Link,"  and  other  poems,  pp.  270,  1895. 
Rogers,  Robt.,  Glenville,  ist,  1898-1907,  Ponds,  N.J.,  1907-09,  Presbyterian 

1910. 
Rogers,  Samuel  J.,  b.  at  Orford.  N.H.,  Aug.  27,  1832;  R.C.  59,  N.B.S.  62, 
1.  CI.  N.Y.,  Battle  Creek,  62-5,  Geneva.  65-72,  Port  Jervis,  72-6,  Fort 
Plain,  76-9,  (pastor  of  Cong.  chs.  in  Iowa,  111.,  and  Minn.,  79-1900). 
Sec.  of  Minn.  Cong.  Assoc,  also  Sec.  for  Church  Building  Soc.  for 
Minn.  Supplying  vacant  churches,  1900-1910.  Died  May  3,  1910. 
Roggen,  John  A.,  H.C.  07,  W.T.S.  191 1,  1.  by  CI.  la.  191 1,  Montana  ist, 
Conrad,   Mont.,    1911-17,   Monroe.    S.D.,   Sandham   Memorial,    1917-22, 

Hamilton,  Mich.,   ist,   1922 

Romaine,  Benj.  F.,  b.  1820,  R.C.   1842.  N.B.S.   1842-3.  1.  Assoc.  N.Y.  and 


THE    MINISTRY  469 

Brookljn  1850,  Editor  of  the  "American  Spectator"  at  Albany  42-57, 
S.S.    Canajoharie    57-9,    Canajoharie    59-62,    Bound    Brook   62-8,    Sec. 
Coloniz.  Soc,  Ohio,  68-70,  d.  Jan.  16,  1874. 
Roindt-n,  Fitch,  S.S.,  German  Flatts,  N.Y.,  1796-8. 
Romcyn,   Benjamin    (s.   of   Thos.    Romeyn),   b.    1774,   and   died   just   as   he 

finished  his  theological  studies,   1798. 
Romeyn,   Dirck,    (or  Theodoric),    (brother  of  Thos.  Romeyn,   Sr.),  b.   at 
Hackensack,  June   12,   (O.S.)    1744;    C.N.J.   1765,  studied  theol.  under 
J.  H.  Goetschius.  licensed  by  the  American  Classis  1766,  Marbletown, 
Rociiester,   and   Wawarsing,    1764-76,   also  occasionally   supplied   Upper 
Red    Hook   and   Red    Hook   Landing    1773-5,    Hackensack    (ist),    and 
Sciiraalenburg    (ist),    1775-84,    Schenectady,    1784-1804.      Also    Lector 
in  Theology,  1792-7,  Prof,  in  Theology,  1797-1804,  d.  April  16.     Elected 
a  Trustee  Q.C.  1785.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1789. 
He  was  of  a  strong  and  energetic  mind,  which  he  had  trained  by  ex- 
tensive  reading  and   study.     He  was   a   Boanerges  in  the   pulpit,  preaching 
Christ   with    power,    strong   in    denunciation    of    sin    and    yet   moving   his 
hearers  to  tears.     He  moved  with  dignity  and  grace  but  without  familiarity 
in  all  circles  of  society. 

He  and  Dr.  Livingston  were  constant  correspondents ;  they  discussed 
by  letter  all  the  important  affairs  of  the  denomination,  during  its  formative 
period.  He  was  the  counselor  of  Senators,  the  adviser  and  compeer  of 
the  warriors  of  the  Revolution,  and  an  efficient  co-worker  with  the  patriot. 
He  took  the  lead  in  his  State  in  giving  an  impetus  to  the  support  and 
patronage  of  classical  learning;  he  was  greatly  instrumental  in  the  fovmd- 
ing  of  Union  College  at  Schenectady.— "Doc.  Hist.,"  iii.,  600.  "Gunn's  Liv- 
ingston," ed.  1856,  p.  383.  "Taylor's  Annals."  "Sprague's  Annals."  "Cen- 
tennial of  N.B.  Sem.,"  424.     Manual,  1902. 

See  Rev.  J.  B.  Romeyn's  Discourse  V.,  in  his  "Vol.  of  Sermons,"  1816, 
page  194,  on  his  father.  Rev.  D.  Romeyn. — Also  Rev.  J.  H.  Meier's  sketch 
of,  made  from  said  sermon^ — See  also  Rev.  Th.  Romeyn's  "Hist.  Ch.  of 
Hackensack,"  and  Rev.  W.  E.  Griffis's  "Hist.  Ch.  of  Schenectady." 
Romevn,  lames,  (s.  of  J.  V.  C.  Romeyn),  b.  at  Greenbush,  1797;    C.C.  1816, 
N.B.S.   1819,  1.  CI.  N.B.   1819,  Nassau   1820-7,   Six  Mile  Run   1827-33, 
Hackensack  1833-6,  Catskill  1836-42,  Leeds  1842-4,  Bergen  Neck  1844- 
50,  Geneva,  1850-1,  emeritus,  d.  1859.     Elected  a  trustee  of  R.C,  1842. 
S.T.D.  by  C.C.  1838. 
He  was  a  man  of  remarkable  gifts  but  of  so  sensitive  a  temperament  that 
he  never  occupied  the  commanding  position  which  his  abilities  warranted. 
Very   vehement    in    spirit   yet   he   always    kept    his    temper.     See    Manual, 
1902. 

Publications:  "The  Crisis  and  Its  Claims."  Before  Gen.  Syn.  1842. 
(See  "Princeton  Rev.,"  xiv.  632) — "A  Plea  for  an  Evang.  Press."  Before 
Am.  Tract  Soc.  1843. — "Report  on  the  State  of  the  Church."  1848.  Ap- 
pendix to  "Mints.  Gen.  Synod."  A  most  elaborate  and  important  paper. — 
"Enmity  to  the  Cross  of  Christ."  1857. — Arts,  in  "Sprague's  Annals,"  on 
Drs.  J.  H.  Livingston  and  J.  V.  C.  Romeyn. 

Romeyn,  Jas.   Van  Campen    (s.  of  Thos.   Romeyn),  b.  at   Minisink,   Nov. 

15.    1765;      Schenectady    Academy,     1784,    studied    theology    under    D. 

Romeyn,   1.   by   Synod   of   D.R.   Chs.    1787;     Schodack   and   Greenbush, 

1788-94,  Greenbush  and  Wynantskill,   1794-9,  akso  Taghkanick,   1788-93, 

Hackensack    (2d),  and   Schraalcnburgh    (2d),   1799- 1833,  d.   1840,  June 

27.     Elected  a  trustee  of  (Jueen's  Coll..  1809.     Pres.  Gen.  Syn.,  1806-07. 

He  was  a  man  steadfast  for  the  truth  yet  of  such  tact  and  wisdom  that 

amid  many  occasions  of  dispute  he  was  universally  esteemed.    He  took  a  very 

active  part  in  the  endowment  of   Queen's  College   1810. 

See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications  :  "Address  to  the  students  Theolog.  Sem."  "Mag. 
R.D.C.,"  iv.  202. — "A  Manife.sto,"  pub.  in  the  Bergen  Co.  papers. 


470  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH   IN    AMERICA 

Romeyn,  Jeremiah  (nephew  of  Thomas  Romeyn),  b.  in  N.Y.C.,  1768; 
studied  under  D.  Romeyn  and  H.  Meyer,  1.  by  Syn.  R.D.  Chs.  1788; 
LinHthgo,  1788-1804,  Upper  and  Lower  Red  Hook,  1794-1806,  Harlem 
1806-14,  supphed  Schoharie  Kill  and  Beaverdam  (Roxbury),  1814-17, 
supplied  Woodstock,  Dec,  1817-Feb.,  1818,  died  in  July,  1818.  Also 
Prof,  of  Hebrew.  1804-18. 
He  was  able  to  combine  different  styles  of  sermonizing  in  a  single  dis- 
course with  most  peculiar  and  remarkable  effect. 

See   Manual,   1902. 
Romeyn,  John  Brodhead  (s.  of  Dirck  Romeyn).  b.  1777;    C.C.  1795,  studied 
under    Livingston,    1.    CI.    Albany,    1798;     Rhinebeck    Flats,    1799-1803, 
(Schenectady.    Presbyt.,    1803-4.   Albany.   Presbyt.,    1804-8,    New   York, 
Cedar  St..  Presbyt.  1808-25),  d.     Trustee  C.C.  1809-25;    Clerk  of  C.C. 
1811-15;    Trustee  C.N.J.   1809-25.     S.T.D.  by  C.N.J.   1809. 
He   left  the   Reformed   Church  in   order   to   be   near   his   honored   father 
in  his  declining  days.     In  New  York  he  held  his  own  among  the  leading 
preachers  of  America.     At  last  his  labors  and  an  over  sensitive  disposition, 
broke  his  health.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  "A  Tribute  to  the  Truth."  On  the  Controversy  with 
Episcopacy.  1809.  See  "Christian's  Mag.,"  ii.  429-441. — "The  Danger  and 
Duty  of  Young  People."  1810. — "The  Good  Samaritan."  A  ser.  for  bene- 
fit of  N.  Y.  Dispensary.  1810. — "Exhortation  to  the  People."  At  the 
install,  and  ord.  of  Rev.  Gardiner  Spring.  1810. — A  Ser.  at  the  Opening 
of  the  Gen.  Assembly.  181 1.— Sermons.  2  vols.  8vo,  pp.  434  and  440.  N.Y., 
1816. 

Romeyn.  Theodore  B.  (s.  of  Jas.  Romeyn)  ;   b.  Oct.  22.  1827,  R.C.  46,  N.B.S. 
49,    I.    CI.    Bergen:     Blawenburg,    49-65.    Hackensack,    ist,    65-85,    died 
Aug.  29.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1868. 
Publications  :     Historical    disc,    delivered    on    the   occasion    of    the    re- 
opening and  dedication  of   ist  R.D.C.  at  Hackensack.     1870. — "Centennial 
Disc."  preached   in   ist   Ref.   Ch.   Hackensack.     1872. — -"The  Adaptation   of 
Ref.   Ch.  in  America  to  the  American   Character."     1876.     In  "Centennial 
Discs." 

Romeyn,  Theodore  F..  b.  1760   (s.  of  Thos.  Romeyn)  ;    studied  under  Liv- 
ingston ( ?),  1.  by  Gen.  Meeting  of  Ministers  and  Elders,  1783;    Raritan 
and   Bedminster,   Nov.,   1784-Sept..   1785,  d. 
His  ministry  was  unusually  spiritual  and  fervent,  and  was  closed  impres- 
sively in  his  sudden  and  early  death.     He  was  a  gifted  and  extraordinary 
young  man,  and  his  brief  career  left  a  deep  impression  on  many  hearts. — 
"Messler's  Mem.  Ser.."  1783,  p.  32.     Some  "Elegiac  Verses"  concerning  him 
vi'ere  composed  by  a  lady,  and  published  at  the  request  of  a  member  of  one 
of  his  churches.     The  late  Rev.  George  J.  Van  Neste  possessed  a  copy. 
Romeyn,   Theodoric,   see   Romeyn.   Dirck. 

Romeyn,    Thomas    (Sr.).   b.    at    Pompton.    March   29,    1729;     C.N.J.    1750, 
studied    under    Goetschius    and    T.    Frelinghuysen,    sailed    for    Europe 
April    II,   1752,   1.   CI.   Amsterdam,   Sept.   3,    1752;     Success,    Newtown, 
Oyster  Bay,  and  Jamaica.  i753-6o.  Minisink,  Walpeck,   Smithfield,  and 
Deerpark.   Sept.   6,   1760-72.  also  occasionally  supplying   Clove   Station, 
Sussex  Co..  N.  J..  Caughnawaga,  1772-94,  d.  Oct.  22. 
After  preaching  a  few  times  on  Long  Island,  he  sailed,  in  April.  1752,  to 
Holland,  for  ordination.     At  his  settlement  on  Long  Island,  though  a  pru- 
dent man,  he  found  it  difficult  to  still  the  troubled  waters.     His  call,  also, 
was   not   unanimous.     In    1757,    De   Ronde   usurped   authority   by   presiding 
at  a  meeting  of  the  disaffected  elements,  and  another  minister  was  called. 
Romeyn,  being  a  quiet  and  peaceful  man,  sought  freedom  from  the  strife  in 
another  field  of  labor.     His  call  to  the  churches  on  L.I.  is  dated  Nov.   10. 
1752.— "Ecc.  Rec,  N.Y.".     "Taylor's  Annals."     "DeBaun's  Commem.     Ser- 
mon,"  in  "Mohawk  Valley  Democrat,"   Nov.  22,    1894. 
Romeyn,  Thomas,  b.  at  Caughnawaga.   1777   (s.  of  Thos.  Romeyn)  ;    U.C. 


THE    MINISTRY  4/1 

1797,  studied  under  D.   Romcyn,   1.   CI.  Albany,   1798;    Florida,   1800-6, 

Niskayuna  and   Amity,    1806-27,   vv.   c.    1827-57,   d. 

He   was   of   imposing  appearance   and   respectable   abilities.      In    1827   he 

was  obliged  to  resign  pastoral  duties,  because  of  failure  in  health.     In  1843 

he   met  with  a   fall,   which  crippled   him   for   the   rest   of   his   life. — "Mag. 

R.D.C.,"  i.  301. 

ruBLiCATioxs  :   "A  Charge  to  Rev.  Jas.  Murphy,  Glenville."     1826.    "Mag. 
R.D.C.,"  i,  301. 
Romig.   Edgar   Franklin,   b.   Allentown,    Pa.     Franklin   and   Marshall   Col. 

191 1.  Missionary   at    Syrian    Protestant   Col.,    Beirut,    1913-16.      U.S. 
1918,    1.    by    Pres.    of    Lehigh    1918.      Collegiate    Ch.,    N.Y.C.,    Middle 

Ch.  Ass.,  1918-22,  Pastor,  1922 .     Sec.  Ex.  Com.  N.Y.  Evangelistic 

Com.    Member  Ex.  Com.  Am.  Tract  Society.    Member  Ex.  Bd.  Leyden 
Pilgrim   Fathers'    Soc. 

Publications:     Article   in   press. 
Romondt  (or  Von  Romondt)  Chs.  RoelofT,  b.  at  Phillipsburg,  St.  Martins, 
West  Indies,  Ap.  21,  1821,  R.C.  41,  N.B.S.  45,  1.  CI.  New  Brunswick, 
Prof.  Modern  Langs,  in  R.C.  46-59,  Greenville.  N.Y.,  59-61,  S.S.  Cold 
Spring,  N.Y.,  Oct.  6i-Jan.  63,  w.  c.     Died  at  St.  Martins,  W.L,  Nov. 
15.  1889. 
An  affection  of  the  throat  interfered  with  ministerial  duties.    For  twenty 
years,  1862-82,  he  served  in  a  Government  Department  in  Washington  un- 
der successive  political  administrations.     He  had  literary  tastes,  and  skill- 
fully employed  his  pen   in  the  preparation  of  articles   for  the  press.     He 
often  supplied  pulpits  in  the  vicinity  of  Washington.     He  was  "a  faithful 
friend,   and   always   the   polite   and   affable   gentleman."     "Mints,   of   Gen. 
Syn.,"  1890,  192. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1890,  16. 
Roof,  Garret  L.,  b.  1810,  U.C.  1831,  Auriesville  and  Glen  46-50,  Port  Jack- 
son 50-5,  Southwest  Troy  55-64,    (Pres.   Lowville,   N.Y.,   1864-74),   d. 
1891. 
Roop,  Marcus  J.,  b.  Dayton,  Ohio,  Oct.  2,  1871,  Heidelberg  Univ.,  Tiffin, 
Ohio,  93,   N.B.S.  96,  I.   CI.   N.B.,   English   Neighborhood,   N.J.,    1896- 
1910. 
Roosa,  Egbert,  from  Presbyt.  of  Columbia,  Aliss.  to  Shokan  1828-30.  Sho- 

kan   (S.S.),  1831-4.  (Bath,  Presbyt). 
Roosenraad,   Arthur   C,   b.   Zeeland,    Mich.,   Dec.    14,    1885,   H.C.    1907,   In- 
structor Latin  and  Greek  P.P.  Acad.  1907-09,  N.B.S.  1912,  1.  by  CI.  N.B. 

1912,  Linlithgo,  N.Y.   (Johnstown)    1912-16,  Astoria,  ist,  L.I.  1916-19, 
New  Utrecht,  1919 

Roosevelt,  Washington,  b.  1802,  Bronxville,  1857-73,  ^v.  c.  Died  Feb.  11, 
1884. 

Root,  Oren,  b.  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  May  18,  1838;  Hamilton  Coll.  56;  lie.  by 
Presbyt.  Palmyra  (Synod  of  Missouri),  74,  ord.  by  same,  75;  (Glas- 
gow, Mo.,  75-..,  Salisbury,  Mo.,  ..-89,  both  Presbyt.),  Utica,  89-94, 
Prof,  in  Hamilton  College,  1889-1907,  d.  Aug.  27.  D.D.,  R.C,  1891, 
L.H.D.,  U.C,  1895.  LL.D.,  Upper  Iowa  Univ. 
Dr.  Root  found  the  business  of  his  life  in  the  professor's  chair  and  his 

pastoral   activity  was   second  thereto. 

Publications:    Several  works  on  Elocution  and  scientific  subjects.     See 

Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1908.  235. 

Rosegrant  (Roscnkrantz),  Elijah,  b.  1766;  Q.C  1791,  studied  under  Liv- 
ingston, lie.  by  the  Partic.  Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1794;  became  a  physi- 
cian  at   Paramus,   d.   1832. 

Rosenbohm,  Martin,  b.  Hanover,  Ger.  Acd.  and  Col.  Dept.  Theo.  Sch.. 
Newark,  Bloomfield  Sem.  1909,  1.  by  Pres.  of  Morris  and  Orange. 
(Denver,  Ger.  Pres.,  1909-11,  Mycrville,  Ger.  Pres.,  1911-19).  Demp- 
ster, S.D.,  1919-21. 

Rosendal,  see  Rozendal. 

Rosenkrantz,    Ab..    b.    in    Germany.      Canajoharie,    1750-S,    German    Flats, 


472  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

1752-8,   Stone  Arabia,   1756-7,  N.Y.C.,   Ger.   Ref.,   1758,   Stone  Arabia, 

1759-7^,  German  Flats,  1759-96,  Schoharie,  1760-65,  Canajoharie,  1767- 

75,  d.   1796. 
On  Dec.  20,   1758,  forty  German  famiHes  were  dismised  from  R.D.C.  of 
N.Y.C.  to  estabHsh  the  G.R.C.,  and  Domine  Ritzema  was  directed  to  install 
Rosenkrantz. — "Mints.  Ch.  N.Y.  Eng.  Trans.  Lib.,"  B.  2'/2,. 

His  name  was  at  first  written  Rosen  Krantz,  and  he  was,  at  the  time,  the 
foremost  divine  west  of  Schenectady.  He  was  a  graduate  of  one  of  the  Ger- 
man Universities,  and  a  man  of  much  learning  for  that  day.  He  married 
Aliss  Anna  M.  Herkimer,  a  sister  of  General  Nicholas  Herkimer.  During 
the  Revolution  he  was  suspected  of  toryism;  but  his  family  relations  and 
his  superior  intellectual  ability  enabled  him  to  weather  the  political  temp- 
ests. He  retained  his  charge  until  his  death.  A  few  allusions  to  him  in 
the  Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y. 
Rosenkrantz   (first  name  unknown,  brother  of  Abraham).     German  Flats? 

—1752,  d. 
See  Daily  Hist,  of  Montgomery  CI.  47. 
Rosenkrantz,  J.     From  Presbyt.  of  Utica ;    S.S.  Princetown,  1849-50. 
Ross,  Thomas  M.,  b.  Aberdeen,   Scotland,  Dec.  26,   1889.     Middlebury  Col. 

1915.     Bangor  Sem.  1912.     Yale  School  of  Religion  1915-16.     Ord.  by 

Congregational  Church  1912.    Ridgefield,  N.J.,  1920-21,  Brookdale,  N.J., 

1921 

PuBLic.'\TioNS :    Articles  for  press. 
Rothenberger,    Israel,    b.    Sheffield    township,    Tippecanoe    Co.,    Ind.,   June 

2},,    1857.    Heidelberg   Coll.   at   Tiffin,   O.,   83.   Heid.    Sem.   85,   lie.    St. 

Joseph  Classis,  G.R.C.  85,    (Denver,  Ind.,  85-6,  White  Pigeon,  Mich., 

86-9,  Fort  Seneca,  O.,  90-1,  Plymouth,  Ind.,  91-9  Lindsey  O.,  1889-1901, 

Carrolton  O.,  1901-2),  South  Bend,  Ind.,  1902-1906.     Reformed  Church 

in  U.S.  1906 
Rothenbergler    (Rothenbiihler),    Fred,    b.    at    Berne,    Switzerland,    1726; 

studied  at  Berne,  ordained  1752  (Haag  and  Amsterdam,  Holland,  1759- 

60,  pastor  Ger.  Ref.  Ch.,  London.  England,  1760-1),  Ger.  Ref.  N.Y.C, 

1761-2  (Ger.  Ccetus),  Philadelphia,  Ger.,  1762-5   (?),  deposed,  d.  1766. 

— "Harbaugh's  Lives,"  ii.  386. 
Rottschaffer,   Bernard,   b.   Jan.   2-7^    1884,    Netherlands,    H.C.    1906,   W.T.S. 

1909,  1.  by  CI.  Holland.     Missionary  to  India  1909 

Rottschaffer,  WiHiam,  b.  Neth.   Nov.  9,   1882.  H.C.   1905,  W.T.S.   1909,  1.  ^ 

by   CI.    Holland,   Oak   Harbor,    Wash.,    1909-15,    Pella,    Adams,    Neb.,' 

1915— 
Rou,   Louis,   b.   in    Holland  about    1683;     said   to   have   studied   theology   at 

Leyden,  but  his  name  is  not  in  the  "Catalogue" ;   ord.  by  Walloon  Synod 

of  Tertholen,  Aug.  31,   1709;    French  Ch.  of  New  York  City,  July  30, 

1710-50,  d.  Dec.  25. 
Zealous  and  talented,  the  young  pastor  looked  forward  to  a  useful  and 
happy  career  in  the  New  World.  Many  French  refugees  arrived  in  1710, 
and  the  French  Church  was  only  inferior  to  the  Dutch  in  numbers  and 
wealth.  Its  building  was  large  and  beautiful.  There  was  also  a  French 
Club  existing  in  New  York  at  this  time.  The  most  cordial  relations  ex- 
isted with  all  the  other  churches  of  the  city.  But  his  hopes  were  not  real- 
ized. His  young  wife  and  son  died  soon  after  his  arrival,  and  very  per- 
plexing difficulties  arose  in  the  church,  which  continued  for  many  years. 

In  1709  the  French  Church  of  New  Rochelle  conformed  to  the  Church 
of  England,  which  led  to  a  schism  in  that  church,  as  well  as  in  the  church 
of  New  York.  Mr.  Rou,  although  friendly  with  Episcopalians,  refused  to 
officiate  for  the  separatists  at  New  Rochelle.  This  displeased  some  of  his 
church  in  New  York,  and  they  compelled  him  to  receive  a  colleague  in  the 
person  of  Moulinaers,  1718,  and  who  was  more  pliable.  For  half  a  dozen 
years,  they  labored  amicably  together.  Rou  was  a  man  of  learning,  digni- 
fied and  decided.     Moulinaers  was  of  a  more  pacific  temperament.      (See 


THE    MINISTRY  473 

MouLiNAEKs).  We  will  not  here  follow  out  the  difficulties  which  ensued. 
Diverse  accounts  are  given  of  them,  and  there  was  a  tedious  litigation 
about  the  original  contract  with  Mr.  Rou.  Mr.  Rou  retained  his  pulpit, 
and  his  salar\-  was  paid  him,  but  some  of  the  best  men  left  the  congrega- 
tion. Those  who  opposed  Mr.  Rou  secured  the  enmitj-  of  the  Governor. 
Rouse,  Peter  P.,  b.  1798,  at  Athens,  N.Y.;   U.C.  1818,  N.B.S.  21,  1.  CI.  N.B.; 

Florida,  22-8,   Brooklyn,  28-33,  d.   June  4.     See   Manual   of    1879. 
Rowan,  Stephen,  b.  at  Salem,  N.Y.,  1787;    U.C.  1804,  studied  under  J.  H. 
Meyer  and  Jer.  Romeyn,  1.  CI.  N.Y.,  1806;    Greenwich,  N.Y.C.,   1807- 
19    (8th   Presbyt.,   Christopher    St.,   N.Y.C.),    19-25;     Sec.  of    Soc.   for 
Amel.  Condition  of  the  Jews,  25-35,  d.     S.T.D.  by  C.C.   1822. 
At  the  early  age  of  six  he  had  received  deep  impressions  of  religion,  hav- 
ing been  nurtured  in  truth  by  the  kind  and  faithful  instructions  of  a  pious 
mother.     At    Greenwich   his    zealous   and    faithful    labors   were   abundantly 
blessed,    but   at    length    an    unhappy    ditYerence    caused    him    to    leave    that 
church,  and  to  found  the  Eighth  Presbyterian  Church  in  Christopher  Street, 
in  which  many  of  his  personal  friends  and  converts  of  his  ministry  united. 
Here  great  success  also  attended  his  labors.     For  many  j'ears  he  was  the 
efficient  secretarj'  for  the  society  whose  object  was  to  ameliorate  the  con- 
dition of   the  Jews,  visiting   Europe  in  this  behalf. 
See  Manual,   1902. 

Publications  :  Two  Sermons  on  "Insensibility,  under  the  Calls  of  God 
to  Repentance."  1812.  A  Ser.  at  ord.  of  Rev.  Richard  V.  Dey,  at  Green- 
field, Ct.,  1823. — "Jacob's  Address  to  Laban."  A  Sermon  at  Greenwich, 
N.Y.C.,  Aug.  8,  1818,  at  the  announcement  of  his  resignation.  1818.  In- 
cluding Appendix,  containing  several  acts  of  the  Consistory.  See  also 
"Reply  to  Rowan's  Ser.,"  being  a  Report  thereon  by  the  Consistory.  8vo, 
pp.  44.  1818. — "A  Review  of  the  Reply."  1819. — "Rowan's  Miscellany." 
See  "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iv.  289.  Also  "Evang.  Guardian  and  Rev.,"  May, 
1817. — Disc,  on  the  death  of  Rev.  Dr.  J.  B.  Romeyn.  1825. — "Obsequies 
of  Adams  and  Jefferson,"  1826. 
Rowland.  Jonathan  M.,  b.  1804;    Beloit  Coll.  26,  P.S.  28;    South  Brooklyn, 

1851-3,  d.  Oct.  2.  See  "P.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 
Rozendal,  Anthony,  b.  St.  Anna  Parochie,  Prov.  of  Friesland,  Nether- 
lands, Dec.  17.  1868;  H.C.  97,  N.B.S.  1900,  1.  CI.  Wis.;  Hamilton,  Mich., 
19CO-1904,  Oostburg,  Wis.,  1904-07,  Sheldon,  la.,  1907-09,  Holland, 
Neb.,  1909-12,  Leighton,  la.,  1912-17,  Castlewood,  S.D.,  1918-22.  Clas- 
sical Missionary,  Classis  of  Dakota,  1922 

Rubel,  Johannes   Casparus.  b.   Mar.  6,  O.S.   1719,  educated  in   Germany,   c. 
to  America,   1751.   Philadelphia,   Ger.   Ref.,   1751-5,   Camp,   Red   Hook, 
and    Rhinebeck,    Ger.),    1755-9,    Brooklyn,    Flatlands,    Flatbush,    New 
Utrecht.   Bushwick   (and  Gravesend),   1759-83,  said  to  have  been   also 
minister  at  Cortlandt  Manor,   1768,  at  Clarkstown,  Orange  Co.,   N.Y. 
1770.     1784,  deposed,   died    1797,   March   19.     See  "Min.  G.S.,"  i,   109. 
A  zealous  Conferentie  man. 
He  was   styled  by   the   German   Coetus,   in    1755,   "the   rebellious   Rubel," 
and  requested  to  resign  his  charge.     He  claims  also  to  have  been  minister 
in  the  manor  of  Cortlandt,  1769,  and  in  Clarkstown,  1770.     He  was  a  vio- 
lent Tory,  calling  the  American  soldiers  "Satan's  soldiers,"  and  frequently 
denounced  from  the  pulpit,  in  violent  language,  the  cause  of  independence. 
He  was  also  accused  of  drunkenness  and  bad  treatment  of  his  wife. — H. 
Onderdonk,  Jr.     Ecc.  Rec.   N.Y. 
Rubinkam.  R.  I.,  Philadelphia,  2d.  1880-5. 

Rudolph.  John,  b.  Oct.  5.  1853,  at  Sohreiberhan,  Silesia,  Germany;    studied 
at   Zulliotan,   Brandenburg,  Germanv.   Bloomfield   Sem.   75,  lie,   Presb. 
of   Newark    (Elizabeth,   N.T..  75-89,'  Presb.),   Hoboken    ('Ger.),    1889- 
1920.     Died  March  21.     Ph.D..  D.D. 
Publications:    "In  Germany."  three  vols,  of  poems;    tour  vols,  of  stor- 
ies.    "In  America,"  six  vols,  of  stories. — Sermons  and  ."Addresses. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1920,  282. 


474  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Rudy,  John,  b.  in  Switzerland,  1791,  studied  under  Helffenstein,  1.  O. 
Maryland  (G.R.),  1821,  (Guilford,  N.C.,  21-3),  Germantown,  N.Y., 
23-35.  also  supplied  Red  Hook  Landing;  Miss,  to  the  Germans  in 
N.Y.C.,  35-8;  Ger.  Evang.  Miss.  Ch.,  N.Y.C.,  38-42,  d. 
While  a  student  in  Philadelphia,  he  made  himself  very  useful  in  holding 
prayer  meetings  among  the  Germans,  and  visiting  the  poor  and  sick.  He 
removed  from  North  Carolina  to  the  North,  because  the  climate  did  not 
agree  with  him.  He  exerted  a  great  influence  for  good  on  the  Hudson, 
where  his  memory  was  long  embalmed  in  the  affections  of  the  people.  But 
in  visiting  the  city  he  was  deeply  impressed  with  the  necessities  of  the 
German  population  there.  He  resolved  to  devote  himself  to  their  welfare. 
He  therefore  resigned  his  pleasant  settlement,  and  moved  to  the  din  of  the 
metropolis.  He  preached  at  first  in  a  hired  room  to  a  very  few.  By  un- 
wearied labors,  soundness  of  judgment,  prudence,  and  consistency  of  con- 
duct, he  at  length  built  up  a  church  of  three  hundred  members.  Crowded 
as  they  were,  he  resolved  to  seek  to  secure  for  them  a  proper  edifice.  The 
Collegiate  Church  gave  them  the  use  of  a  lot  on  Houston  Street,  and  he 
raised,  by  personal  effort,  $10,000,  and  a  fine  edifice  rewarded  his  labors. 
But  he  took  a  cold  in  his  subsequent  arduous  pastoral  duties,  which  soon 
terminated  his  life.  His  loss  was  deeply  felt.  He  left  a  good  report  among 
all  the  brethren.  His  mind  was  well  balanced,  and  his  judgment  sound. 
He  was  distinguished  for  a  practical  wisdom  which  combined  discretion 
and  prudence  with  zeal,  fidelity,  and  perseverance,  and  which  proved  an 
important  element  in  all  his  success.  His  piety  was  warm,  decided  and 
active.  His  spirit  wa?  uniformly  cheerful  without  levity,  and  this  com- 
bined with  his  discretion  secured  him  access,  confidence,  and  attachment. 
He  was  connected  with  the  the  Tract  Society  for  the  diffusion  of  evan- 
gelical  literature   among   the   Germans. 

Ruhl,  Fred.  W.,  b.  Giessen,  Germany,  June  23,  1847.  R.C.  68-71,  N.B.S.  1884. 
1.  CI.  Albany,  Tyre  84-7,  Prattsville  89-91,  Cicero  91-2,  Manheim  92-5, 
Grahamsville  95-98,  M.E.  Church  1901-3.  Died  Sept.  12,  1904.  Alin. 
Gen.  Syn.,  1905,  284. 
Ruigh,  Douwe  Cornelius,  b.  Ackley,  la..  Mar.  25,  1872,  H.C.  96,  N.B.S. 
99,  lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.  Dakota,  Sioux  Falls,  S.D.,  1899-1900.  Wor- 
tendyke,    N.J.,    1900-2,    Missionary   to    China    1902-1905.     Teaching    in 

Japan,  1905 

Ruissaard,  Martin  C.  b.  Zeeland.  Neth.,  Feb.  11,  1877.  H.C.  1905,  W.T.S. 
1908,  1.  by  CI.  Holland,  Grandville,  Mich.,  1908-10,  Otley,  la.,   1910-15, 

Shebovgan,  Wis.,   Hope,   1916-21,   Gibbsville,   Wis.,    1921 

Ruliff son, 'Edward  J.,  b.  South  Gilboa,  N.Y.,  1872.  Boston  Evangelical 
Institute  1895.  Fenton  Normal  Col.  1901,  1.  by  Berkshire  Ass.,  Cong. 
Minister.  (Cong..  S.  Warelesbon,  Vt.,  1895-7,  Olia,  Mass.,  1897-9, 
West  Wareham,  Mass.,  1899-1903).  Gilboa,  N.Y.  and  South  Gilboa, 
1904-08,    Grand    Gorge   and    Prattsville,    1908-12.      (Cong.,    Deansboro 

N.Y.,  1915 ).     County  Sec.  Y.  M.  C.  A.  War  Work.     Field  Agent, 

Farm  Bureau.     Work  during  War. 
Publications  :    Editor  Dept.  of   Poultry  Husbandry.     Rural   Editor  of 
Waterville    Times,    1913-15. 

Runk,  Edward  Johnson,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Nov.  5.  1858,  C.C.  1879,  U.S.  82,  ord. 
CI.  Westchester,  Nov.  9,  82;  Bronksville,  82-4,  S.S.,  N.Y.C..  84-7,  Cold 
Spring,  S.S.,  87-8,  pastor,  88-95,  w.  c  .  Broken  in  health.  Name  removed 
from  roll  1918. 
Runkel,  John  W.,  b.  in  Palatinate,  1749;  1.  by  Ger.  Coetus,  1777:  Shippens- 
burgh,  Carlisle,  Lower  Settlement,  and  Hummelstown,  Pa.,  1777-81 ; 
the  same,  with  Lebanon  and  Donegal,  1781-4.  Frederick,  Md.,  1784- 
1802,  Germantown,  Pa..  1802-05.  New  York  (G.R.),  Forsyth  St.  1805- 
12,  Gettysburgh.  Emmetsburgh.  and  Taneytown.  1815-19.  Gettysburgh, 
1819-23.  d.  1832. 
See  Manual,  1902. 


THE    MINISTRY  475 

Russman,  Eilt  K.     Dubuque  Col.,  la.  1894,  Dul)uque  Sem.   1894,  1.  by  Pres. 

of  Waterloo,   1899.      (Pres.   West  Granville,   Wis.,   1895-99,  Carnarvan, 

la.,    1899-1909).      Monroe,    Aplington,    la.,    1909-21,    Ellsworth,    Hethel, 

Minn.,   1921 

Rust,  E.  C.     Pekin,  111.,  1894-5. 

Rutte,  Jacobus  Marie,  b.   Rotterdam,  Netb.,   Feb.  26,   1837.     Univ.  Utrecht, 

N.B.S.  1867,  1.  l)y  CI.  N.B.  1867.     Paterson,  N.J.,  6th  (Hoi.),  1867-73. 

Returned  to  the  Netlierlands  and  served  there,     d.  July,   1895. 
Ryder,  Stephen  Willis,  b.  Rockledge,  Fla.,  Feb.  10,  1880.     Y.C.  1909,  N.B.S. 

1910-11,  Free  Ch.  Col.,  Glasgow,  1911-13,  N.B.S.   1913,  1.  by  CI.  N.Y., 

1913.     Ass.    Pastor,   North   Ch.,    Passaic,    1913.     Missionary   to   Japan, 

1913 

Plblicatioxs  :    Articles   on   Mission   Work   in   Japan. 
Ryerson,  Abram  G.,  b.   1817,  R.C.  39,  N.B.S.  42,  1.  CI.   Passaic,  Gorham, 

43-6,    Wyckoff,    46-64,    Principal    of    a    Public    School    in    Paterson, 

1868-1886.     Died  Feb.   18,   1887.     "Mints.  Gen.   Syn.,"   1887,  435. 
Rysdyck,   Isaac,   matriculated   University   of    Groningen,    Sept.    14,    1751,   of 

Groningen,   Hopewell,   New  Hackensack    (and   Poughkeepsie,   "M.G.S." 

i.  31-37),   1765-72,  Fishkill,  Hopewell,  and   New   Hackensack,   1772-89, 

resigned,  d.  1790. 
"He  was,"  says  Dr.  Brownlee,  "in  his  day,  considered  the  most  learned 
theologian  in  the  Dutch  Church.  He  was  familiar  with  the  classics.  He 
wrote  in  Greek,  but  especially  in  Latin,  with  as  much  facility  as  in  his  na- 
tive Dutch,  and  in  the  University  of  Groningen  he  was  as  familiar  with 
Hebrew  as  with  his  mother  tongue.  But  great  as  were*his  attainments  in 
the  sacred  and  profane  classics,  his  theological  readings  and  attainments 
were  no  less  extensive  and  accurate.  His  sermons  were  specimens  of  the 
analytical  form  of  discussion.  The  body  of  them  were  judicious  and  mas- 
terly dissertations,  and  the  applications  were  practical  and  full  of  affec- 
tionate consolations,  warnings,  and  reprovings."  He  was  of  commanding 
])ersonal  appearance,  and,,  in  his  manners,  an  old-time  gentleman.  Accord- 
ing to  the  custom  of  those  days,  he  usually  rode  on  horseback,  wearing  a 
cocked  hat,  and  white  flowing  wig,  and  the  customary  clerical  dress.  On 
the  Sabbath  he  rode  up  to  the  church  door,  where  the  sexton  was  waiting 
to  take  his  horse,  and  dismounting  would  pass  into  the  church  and  kneel 
in  silent  prayer,  at  the  foot  of  the  pulpit.  He  was  also  principal  of  a 
classical  school  at  Fishkill,  in  which  John  H.  Livingston  and  other 
eminent  men  received  their  earlier  education.  Synod  indorsed  his  academy' 
in  1772.  He  was  received  in  1765  by  his  congregations  with  great  love  and 
joy.  He  belonged  to  the  Conferentie  party,  but  never  manifested  much  bit- 
terness of  spirit,  and  at  the  second  meeting  in  1772,  to  adopt  articles  of 
union  between  the  parties,  he  was  made  president.  He  lived  in  troublous 
times,  both  for  church  and  state.  Many  of  his  congregation  were  Tories 
in  the  Revolution,  and  party  spirit  ran  high. — See  "Kip's  Hist.  Dis."  "Mag. 
R.D.C.,"   ii.  244.     Ecc.   Rec.   N.Y.     "Sprague's   Annals." 

Sahler,    Wm.    Louis,    b.    High    Falls,    N.Y.,    July    18,    1875.      L.F.C.    1901. 

N.B.S.    1904,   1.   by   CI.   Kingston.     Germantown,   N.Y.,    1904-10,    Har- 

lingen,   N.J.,   1910 

Publications  :     Articles    for    religious   press. 

St.   John,    S.S.,    Cortlandt,    1858-65. 

Salisbury,  John  Henry,  b.  at  Catskill,  N.Y..  Feb.  16.  1852;    R.C.  75,  N.B.S. 

78.  iic.  CI.  Greene;    Coxsackie,  2d.  78-88   (Trenton.  N.  J.,  4th  Presbvt. 

88-1891,  Jan.   10).     D.D.  by  R.C.   1890. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Salisbury',  Wm.  Blenheim,  1831-4. 
Sangree,   Henry  Hudson,  b.   in   Pa.,    1857.     Mercersberg  Col.  80,  U.S.  83. 

Currvtown  and  Mapletown,  88-93.    For  other  details,  see  "U.  Sem.  Gen. 

Cat." 


4/6  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Sanson,  Joh  R.,  b.  Patcrsonville,  N.Y.,  Dec.  28,  1840,  U.C.  65,  Xenia 
T.S.  and  P.S.  69.  (Pres.,  Charlton,  N.Y.,  1868-74.  Riverton,  N.J.,  1876- 
86,  Alartinsburgh,  Pa.,  1886-91,  Roxborough,  Philadelphia,  1891-95, 
Morrisville,  Pa.,  1899-1901),  S.S.,  Griggstown,  N.J.,  1903-20,  d.  Dec.  3. 
(Never  a  Reformed  Minister). 
Sargent,  C.  Cassius.     Presbyterian.     S.S.,  Owasco.  N.Y.,   1905-10.     (Pres. 

Cato,   N.Y.,    1910-12,    Liverpool,    N.Y.,    1912 ). 

Sauerbrunn,  Louis  Frederick,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  July  6,  1877.  Bloom- 
field  Academy  1897,  Princeton  Univ.  and  Sem.  1900,  1.  by  Pres.  of 
Brooklyn  1901.  Ord.  by  N.  CI.  L.L,  1901.  Elmhurst,  Newtown, 
Ger.  Ref.,  2d,  1901-04.  Glen,  N.Y.,  1904-05,  Ghent,  N.Y.,  ist,  1905-08, 
Schodack    Landing.    N.Y.,    1908-12.      (Pres.    Chester,    N.J.,    1912-16). 

North  Branch,  N.J.,  1916 

Saul,    George,   Hackensack,   N.J.,    (Ger.),    1874-5. 
Saure,  E.  B.,  Linden,  N.J.,  1907-12. 

Scarlet.  George  W..  R.C.   1880,  N.B.S.  83,  1.  CI.  Raritan,   Peapack  83-88. 
New  Hurley,  88-95,  Havana,  111.,  95-1901,  Macon,  Mich.,  1902-09,  S.S. 
Macon,  1909- ic. 
Scarlet,  John  H..  b.  Elizabeth,  N.J.,  Dec.  24,  1850,  R.C.  79,  N.B.S.  82,  1.  by 
CI.  Raritan.      (Pres.  Amwell,  United,   ist,  82-85).     Union  and  Jerusa- 
lem 85-93,   Gilboa  93-1900.     Retired  because  of   poor  health. 
Schaats,  Gideon,  b.   1607,  1.   CI.  Amsterdam,   1651  ;    Rensselaerwyck,   1652- 
94.  supplied  also,  at  times,   Schenectady.     Died  Feb.  27,   1694. 
He  had  been  a  schoolmaster  at  Beest,  Holland,  before  coming  to  America. 
During  his  pastorate  at  Albany,  Gov.  Andrews  compelled  him  to  receive  as 
a    colleague    Van    Renslaer,   an    Episcopalian.      (Van    Renslaer).      Not   be- 
ing a  union  of  love,  it  is  not  surprising  that  it  was  lacking  in  harmony. 
Van  Nieuwenhuysen,  of  New  York,  assisted  him  in  his  troubles,  and  gained 
a    victory    over    the    Governor.       (Van    Nieuwenhuysen).      But    Renslaer 
was    soon    removed    by    death.      During    the    latter    part   of    his    ministry, 
Schaats   had   difficulties   with   his   congregation,   to   which   were   added   also 
domestic  troubles.     He  was  a  Voetian  in  hermcncutics. — See  "Doc.  Hist.," 
iii,  70-72,  529-534-     "Col.   Hist.,"  ii,  653,  707.     "O'Callaghan's   New-Neth.," 
n,  567.     "Brodhead's,  N.Y."    "Ecc.  Rec,  N.Y." 
Schaefer,  see  also  Shafer. 
Schaefer.   Daniel,   b.   Oregon,    111.,   Sept.   27,    1857;     (Mission    House   Col- 

^       lege.  Sem.  82 ,  1.  CI.  Minnesota  (Refd.  Ch.  U.S.),  Bongards,  Minn., 

82-7),    Ramsay,    la.,    87-93,    Parkersburg,    1893-1908,    S.S.    Stout,    la., 
1902-08,  Pastor  1908-12,  Bristow,  la.,  S.S.  1913-14. 
Schaefer,  Frederick,  b.  Germanv,   Feb.  6,   1854,  Mission  House  Col.,  H.C. 
1883,   1.   by   CI.    Philadelphia   Ref.   Ch.   U.S.,    (Nevsho,    Mo..    1884-6), 
Aplington,  la.,  1886-1908,  Scotland,  S.D.,  1908-18,  P.E. 
Schaefer,  John,  b.  Rockvale  township.  Ogle  Co.,  111.,   Mav   10,   1869,   H.C. 

93.  W.S.  96,  1.  CI.  Holland,  White  Rock  Centre   (or  Elim),  1897 , 

Zoar,    la.,    (Washington),    Ackley,    1903-11,    Alexander,    la.,    1912-20, 

Cromwell  Centre,  la.,  1920 

Schafif,    M.      Bloomfield    Sem.    1911.      S.S.,    Worthing,    S.D.,    1911-12.      In 

business. 
Schanck,   Garret   Conover,  b.  at   Matawan,   N.T.,   Sept.   14.   1806;     R.C.   28, 
N.B.S.  2,2.  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Miss,  at  Marshallville,  Jan.-July,  zy,    Walpeck, 
33-5.  Clover  Hill,  35-37.  Pompton  Plains,  37-53.  w.  c.     Died  Sept.   17, 
1888.     Elected  a  trustee   R.C.   1866.     D.D.  by   R.C. 
His  pastoral  work  was  very  successful  and  his  life  as  a  minister  without 
charge  was  an  object  lesson  in  godliness. 

See   Manual,    1902. 
Schaul,    Ulysses    Simpson,    b.    Sedalia,    Mo.,    Jan.    10,    1867;     Univer.    Pa. 
1892.   U.T.S.  95,    1.   CI.    Saratoga:     Easton,    N.Y.,   95-98,   Wynantskill, 
N.Y..  1898-1906.     Presbyterian  1906. 


THE    MINISTRY  477 

Schcfer,  Jolian  Daniel.  Rhinebeck.  N.V.  (Ger.),  1/94-9.  and  Germantown 
and   Ghent.   N.V. 

Schell,  L.     S.S.,  Cicero,  N.Y.,  1866. 

Schenck,  Cornelius,  b.  Weston,  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,  Sept.  5,  1856;  R.C. 
1879,  N.B.S.  82,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Philadelphia,  4th.  Sj-j.  Plainfield,  Trinity, 
1887-1908.     P.E.  1908-19,  d.  May  2.     Ph.D.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1919, 

923- 
PuBLicATio.NS :    "Hist.   Disc.  4th   Ref.  Ch.,   Philadelphia,"    1885. 
Schenck,   Ferd.   S.    (s.  of   M.   L.   Schenck),  b.   Ulster  Co.,   N.Y.,   Aug.   6, 
1845;     C.N.J.    65.    Albany    Law    School,    67;     Attorney-at-Law,    67-9; 
N.B.S.  72.  lie.  CI.  Ulster;    Clarkstown,  72-7,  Montgomery,  77-90,  Hud- 
son,  N.V.,  90-97,  University  Heights,  N.Y.C.,  97-9,   Prof,  of   Practical 
Theology,  New  Brunswick  Seminary,  1899 .     Lecturer  on  the  Liter- 
ary  Study  of    Bible.   Univ.   N.Y.,    1897-19CO.     Acting   Professor   R.C. 
igc^-o"?.   1907-08.     Acting   Professor.   P.S.,    1909-10.     Member   Council 
Univ.  N.Y.,  1898-9.     Pres.  Gen.  Syn..  1892.     D.D..  R.C,  1890.     LL.D.. 
R.C.  1906. 
Publications:    "The  Ten   Commandments  in  the   Nineteenth  Century." 
— "The  Bible  Reader's  Guide."     Sermon,  as  Pres.  of   Gen.   Synod,  at  In- 
auguration of   Prof.  Jas.   F.   Riggs.   1892.     "The  Ten   Commandments  and 
the  Lord's   Prayer."   1902.     "The   Brick  Ch.   Memorial" ;    "Hist,  of   R.D.C 
Montgomery.    Orange    Co..    N.Y."      1882.      "Modern    Practical    Theology." 
""The  Sociology  of  the  Bible."     "Christian  Endeavor  and  Ethics."     "Young 
People's    Hist,   of    the    Christian    Church."      "The   Oratory   and   Poetry   of 
the  Bible."     "The  Apostles'  Creed  in  the  20th  Century."     "Expository  Ser- 
mon on   Heidelberg  Catechism."     Many  contributions   for  the  press. 
Schenck.    Geo.,    b.    Matawan.    1816,    Y.C    37.    N.B.S.    40.    1.    CI.    Pough- 
keepsie.   Bedminster    1840-52,  d.     See   Alanual  of    1879.     See   Funeral 
Sermon,  by  Rev.   T.  W.   Chambers.     "Sprague's   Annals." 
Publications  :      "Music,"    an    Address    at    Somerville.      1849. — "Second 
Coming  of  Christ."     1843. 

Schenck,  Harold  William,  b.  Plainfield,  N.J.,  July  6.  1892.  (son  of  Rev. 
Cornelius  Schenck).  R.C.  1913.  N.B.S.  1916.  1.  by  CI.  Newark.  Frank- 
lin. Nutley.  N.J.,  1916 

Schenck,  Isaac  Stryker,  b.  at  Weston.  N.J.,  Ap.  26.   1852.  R.C.  73.  N.B.S. 
76.  lie.  CI.  N.B..  Rosendale  77-80.  Ghent,  2d,  80-96.  w.  c.     Died  Sept. 
6.   1920. 
He  was  an  invalid  for  many  years.     See  Alin.  Gen.  Syn..  1921.  631. 
Schenck.   Isaac   Van   Wart.   b.   White   Plains.   N.Y..    Dec.   6,    1846,   West- 
minster Coll.,  Mo.,  64,  P.S.  67,  ord.  by  Presb.  N.B.  May  18,  69  (Ham- 
ilton Square.  N.J..  69-80.  Philadelphia   (Eastburn  Mariners'  Ch.),  80-3. 
Portage.  Wis.,  84-7.  Mt.  Olivet.  Brooklyn,  88-94),  Newark.  Christ  Ch. 
94-9,  w.  c. 
Schenck.  Jacob  Wyckoff,  b.  at  Weston,  N.J..  1849.  R.C.  70.  N.B.S.  73,  lie. 

CI.  N.B..  Ghent,  2d.  73-9.  d.  Feb.  15.     See  Manual  of  1879. 
Schenck.  John  Van  Neste.  b.  at  South  Branch.   N.J..  Feb.  21.  1842,  R.C. 
62.  N.B.S.  65.  lie.  CI.  Geneva,  Owasco  Outlet.  Sept.  28,  65-7,  Pompton 
Plains.  Oct.  23,  67-71.  d.  Sept.  28.     See  Manual  of  1879. 
Publications  :      "Hist.    Disc,    at    Reopening    of    Church    of    Pompton 
Plains."     1871.     (Posthumous). 

Schenck.  John  W..  b.  in  N.J.  1825.  R.C.  45,  N.B.S.  49;  1-  CI.  N.B.,  Tarry- 
town.  49-51.  Chatham,  51-3,  Bedford,  now  East  Brooklyn.  53-5.  Ithaca, 
=;5-63,    New    Brunswick,   63-6,    Philadelphia,   3d,   66-8    ( Pottsville,    Pa., 
Presbyt..  68-72).  Claverack.  72-1881.     Died  Dec.  28. 
Schenck.  Martin  L..  b.  at  Six  Mile  Run.   N.J..   1817,  R.C.  37,   N.B.S.  40. 
1.  CI.  N.B..  Plattekill.  40-53,  Fort  Plain.  53-7.  Rocky  Hill.  57-65;  White- 
hall, 65-9,  Plattekill.  69-73.     t)ied  March  11. 
He  was  converted  during  the  great   revival   in   Rutgers   College  in    1837, 
and  with  twelve  others  resolved  to  studv  for  the  ministrv.     He  was  of  a 


478  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

delightful  disposition,  a  practical  pastor  and  successful  preacher.     He  died 

in  the  midst  of  his  usefulness.     See  Manual,  1902. 
Publications:     "The  Harmony  of  Heaven."     1855. — Address  at  Fun.  of 

Dr.   Ostrander.     In    "Memorial." 

Schenck,  Wm.,  b.  near  Marlboro,  N.J.,  Oct.  13,  1740,  C.N.J.  1767,  studied 
theology  with  Rev.  Wm.  Tennent,  lie.  by  Presbt.  of  New  Brunswick, 
1770  (Allentown,  N.J.,  Presbyt.  1771-77),  North  and  South  Hampton, 
1777-80  (Pittsgrove,  N.J.,  Presb.,  1780-6,  Ballston  with  Freehold  and 
Milton,  N.Y.,  1786-93.  Huntington,  L.I.,  1793-1817),  w.  c.  Died  Sept. 
I,    1823,   in   Franklin   Co.,   O.     See   "Rev.    T.   W.   Wells'   Hist.   Disc," 

1877. 
He  was  descended  from  RoelofTe  Martense  Schenck,  who  settled  at 
Amersfort,  L.I.,  in  1650.  Gen.  Robt.  C.  Schenck,  Rev.  Wm.  E.  Schenck, 
D.D.,  Sec.  of  Bd.  Pub.  Presbyt.  Ch.,  Philadelphia,  and  Rev.  Garret  C. 
Schenck  were  of  the  same  family.  He  shows  an  analytical  mind,  and  an 
extensive  knowledge  of  Scripture,  and  withal  sounds  the  gospel  trumpet 
most  sweetlv." — See  "Rev.  Alex.   S.   Hoyt's   Hist.   Disc,"   Ballston,   N.Y., 

1875. 

Schermerhorn,  Cornelius  D.,  b.  in  Schoharie,  1780.    U.C.  1797,  studied  under 
Livingston,   lie.   1803,    Schoharie   Kill    1803-09,   Blenheim    1803-07,    S.S. 
Dyse's  Manor   1803-18. 
He  is  said  to  have  been  settled  in  Canada  in  1823.     He  was  ready  to  join. 
McDowell  there  as  early  as  1819.     He  died  in  1830. 

Schermerhorn,   Harvey   R.,*b.  at   Schodack,   N.Y.,   1835;    N.B.S.  62,   1.   Ck 
Albany ;    Germantown,  62-5,   Principal  of   Riverside   Scm.,  at  German- 
town,    65-9,    Principal    of    Hudson    Academy,    N.Y.,    69-74,    Pella,    2d, 
75-9,  Prof,  of  Rhetoric  and  Belles-lettres  in  Central  Univ.,  Iowa,  76-81, 
Prin.  of  Spencer  Academy  for  the  Choctaws,  at  Nelson,  Indian  Terri- 
tory,    1881-1890.       (Pres.     McAlester,    Okl.,     1890-1900.       Hartshorne, 
Okl.,  1900-1921,  d.  March  4). 
Schermerhorn,  John  F.,  b.  Sept.  24,   1786,  U.C.  1809,  from  Cong.  Ch.  1813, 
Middleburgh,  16-27,  Sec.  of  Missions,  28-32.     In  Dec,  35,  he  was  agent 
to  make  a  treaty  with  the  Cherokees  at   New  Echota,  but  the  Indians 
with  whom  he  negotiated  were  afterward  said  by  the  tribe  to  be  unau- 
thorized, and  in  1837-8,  the  Cherokees  petitioned  Congress  for  its  nulli- 
fication.    Died   March   16,   1851,  at   Richmond,   Va. 
He  was  a  son  of  Barnhardus  Freeman   Schermerhorn  and  Ariantje  Van 
de  Bogert.     He  was  a  very  eloquent  man,  and  while  Secretary  of  Missions, 
1828-32,    raised    far   more    money   than    had   ever   been   collected   before   in 
Dutch   churches    for    Benevolent    Societies.      But   difificulties   arose   between 
an  old   and   new   Mission   Board   which   were   very   unpleasant    for   a   time 
(1831-3),  but  which  were  finally  amicably  adjusted.     (See  minutes  of  these 
Boards   of    the    General    Synod,    and    the    "Christian    Intelligencer,"    where 
full  accounts  are  found,  and  Schermerhorn  vindicated).     There  was  prob- 
ably a  published  memoir  of  him,  but  it  has  not  been   found. 
Scheulke,   Paul   F.     See   Schulke,    1904. 
Schick,  G.  B.     S.S.,  Bayonne,  3d,   1875. 

Schiebe,  Henry,  b.  Germany,  student  in  N.B.S.  1856-8;  perished  at  sea  in 
the  burning  of  the  Austria,  1858.  He  had  returned  to  Germany  during 
this  vacation  to  visit  his  affianced,  in  company  with  a  fellow-student, 
Philip  Berry.  On  their  return  voyage  the  vessel  caught  fire,  and 
Schiebe  was  drowned. 
Schief¥er,  John  Daniel.  See  Schefer. 
Schild.     See   Shield. 

Schilstra,  Elbert  Sybrandus,  b.  in  Java,  E.  I.,  Apr.  18,  1872;  at  Gym- 
nasia in  the  Neths. ;  W.S.  95,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Jamestown,  Mich.,  1896- 
19:0;     visited    Netherlands,    99,    Sayville,    L.I.,    1900-1910,    Westfield, 

N.D.,  Hope.   1910-13.  Doon,  la.,  1913 

Schilstra,    Sybrandus   Ales,   b.   at   Ulst,    Friesland,    Neths.,    Aug.   31,    1840; 


THE    MINISTRY  4/9 

Rotterdam  Missionary  Association,  1869,  lie.  by  said  Assoc. ;    in  Java, 

at  Cheribon,  Oct.  /C-Dec.  70,  Bandong,   Dec.  70-May  "ji,   Socmedang, 

May,    72-Jan.    81.    Soekaboemi,    Jan.    8i-Dt'C.    81,    in    the    Netlierlands, 

81 -Jan.  92;     Rochester,   N.Y.,    May,  92- Apr.    1901,   supplying   churches, 

1901-16.    d.    July    26.      In    Java    preached    in    the    Soenda    and    Malay 

languages;    at   Rochester  in  Dutch.     See   Min.  Gen.   Syn.,   1917,  251. 

PuBLitwTioxs :     Many   articles   about   the   Java    Mission. — For   ten   years 

editor   of    the    "Kleine    Zendbode"    ("Little    Messenger"),    in    the    Holland 

language. 

Schipper,  Henry,  b.  Dec.  28.  1872,  Zeeland,  Mich.  H.C.  1899,  W.T.S.  1902, 
1.  by  CI.  G.R.,  1902.  Sioux  Falls,  S.D.,  1902-05,  Springfield,  S.D., 
Immanuel,   1905-09,  Harrison,  S.D.,   1909-13,  Chicago,   111.,   ist,   1913-18, 

Grand   Haven.  Mich.,   ist,   1918 

(Schlatter,  Michael,  b.  at  St.  Gall,  Switzerland,  1716,  Gymnasium  of  St. 
Gall  :  Sab.  evening  preacher,  at  Lintenl)uehl.  1745-6,  agent  to  Ger. 
Chs.  in  Pennsylvania,  from  Synod  of  N.  and  S.  Holland,  1746;  Phila- 
delphia and  Germantown,  1747-51;  visited  Holland.  1751-2;  Philadel- 
phia, 1752-5;  also  Sup.  of  Charity  School  Agency;  chaplain  in  Royal 
Am.  Reg.  1757-9,  supplied  Barren  Hill  and  Franklinville,  Pa.,  occas- 
ionally, 1759-77,  d.  1790). 
He  was  descended  from  a  pious  parentage,  confirmed  in  his  fourteenth 
year,  and  placed  under  the  instruction  of  Prof.  Waegelin,  in  his  native 
town.  But  a  roving  spirit  soon  manifested  itself,  leading  him  to  forsake 
his  home  without  consultation  with,  or  consent  of,  his  parents.  He  went 
to  Holland.  In  the  course  of  the  year,  he  returned,  and  resumed  his  studies, 
and  was  accepted  as  a  candidate  for  the  ministry  when  only  fourteen 
years  of  age.  He  spent  most  of  the  next  fifteen  years  of  his  life  in  Hol- 
land, being  ordained  in  that  country,  and  engaged,  much  of  the  time,  in 
teaching.  In  1746,  he  offered  himself  to  the  Synod  of  North  and  South 
Holland,  as  a  missionary  and  agent  to  the  destitute  German  churches  in 
Pennsylvania.  His  mission  was  to  organize  the  already  existing  congrega- 
tions into  churches,  and  to  unite  them  more  closely  together,  for  mutual 
encouragement  and  support,  as  well  as  defense  against  unauthorized  preach- 
ers ;  and  to  establish  formal  and  authorized  correspondence  with  the  Classis 
of  Amsterdam.  He  found  the  German  churches,  about  46  in  number, 
comparatively  independent.  There  were  here  at  the  time  of  his  arrival 
about  30,000  German  Reformed.  He  came  with  authority  from  the  mother 
Church  to  organize  and  consolidate  the  Reformed  churches  of  America,  as 
they  were  found  among  the  Germans.  Much  of  his  time  was  taken  up  by 
his  long  tours  into  the  interior.  He  visited  the  various  settlements  in  New 
Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  and  Virginia.  In  October,  1746,  he  in- 
vited the  regularly  ordained  ministers,  namely  Dorsius,  Boehm,  Weiss, 
and  Reiger,  to  meet  in  a  Coetus,  or  Synod.  Preparatory  steps  were  taken- 
for  organization.  In  May,  1747,  he  visited  New  York,  to  consult  with 
Domines  Du  Bois,  Boel,  and  Ritzema,  respecting  the  organization  of  a 
German  Synod.  This  Synod,  or  Coetus,  was  organized  Sept.  29,  1747,  and 
consisted  of  thirty-one  ministers  and  elders.  The  Dutch  Coetus  in  New 
York  had  been  organized  on  Sept.  8th.  of  the  same  year,  with  about  half 
as  many.  In  1749,  Mr.  Steiner,  a  man  of  popular  gifts,  arrived,  and  some 
of  the  people,  captivated  by  him,  wished  his  .services  in  place  of  those  of 
Wx.  Schlatter.  A  sad  contention  arose  with  many  bitter  fruits.  The  case 
was  submitted  to  arbitration,  and  decided  in  favor  of  Mr.  Schlatter.  Yet 
the  wounds  remained,  and  these  difficulties  were  ultimately  the  occasion  of 
a  visit  to  Europe  by  Mr.  Schlatter,  from  which  increased  good  came  to  the 
German  churches.  This  visit  to  Europe  took  ])lace  in  175 1-2.  The  Classis 
of  Amsterdam,  in  .session  on  his  arrival.  ai)i)ointcd  a  committee  to  confer 
w-ith  him,  and  to  report.  A  lengthy  report  of  the  condition  of  the  American 
churches  was  drawn  up  and  presented  to  the  Synod  of  N.  and  S.  Holland  in 
print.     He  also  made  a  verbal  appeal.     The  Synod  was  highly  interested  in 


480  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

the  work,  and  furnished  him  with  means  to  visit  Germany  and  Switzerland, 
especially  to  seek  to  secure  ministers  to  return  to  America  with  him.  He 
found  six  ministers  willing  to  accompany  him.  namely,  Otterbein,  Stoy, 
Waldschmid.  Frankenfeld.  Rubel,  and  Wissler.  and  collected  some  means, 
and  seven  hundred  German  Bibles,  five  hundred  of  them  being  in  folio. 
But  the  work  did  not  end  here.  Appeals  were  further  made  by  those  who 
had  been  interested  in  the  cause  of  the  American  Reformed  churches  of 
German  origin,  and  a  fund  of  £12.000  was  soon  collected  in  Holland,  the 
interest  of  which  was  devoted  to  the  support  of  ministers  and  schoolmas- 
ters in  Pennsylvania;  and  so  interested  became  George  II.  of  England  in 
the  matter,  that  through  his  help  and  influence  £20.000  were  raised  there 
for  the  maintenance  of  free  schools  among  the  Germans  in  America,  to  be 
under  the  inspection  of  Mr.  Schlatter.  He  held  this  position  till  1757.  For 
thirty-six  years  the  Reformed  in  Pennsylvania  and  vicinity  continued  to 
receive  help  from  this  fund,  though  in  gradually  decreasing  amounts,  till 
1791.  The  highest  amount  sent  over  was  about  $2,100  of  our  currency,  in 
1755.  The  moneys  in  England  were  obtained  through  the  solicitations  of 
Rev.  Mr.  Thompson.  English  minister  in  Amsterdam,  and  a  member  of  that 
Classis.  The  Holland  funds,  in  part  at  least,  went  through  the  London 
Society.  As  far  they  were  for  the  support  of  the  gospel,  they  were  dis- 
tributed through  the  Coetus ;  as  far  as  for  the  maintenance  of  free  schools, 
they  went   through  the   trustees  appointed   for   that   purpose. 

When  Mr.  Schlatter  returned  to  America,  his  general  superintendency  of 
the  churches  was  contitiued  by  the  Synod  of  Holland,  while  he  also  again 
took  charge  of  his  old  congregation  in  Philadelphia.  But  a  spirit  of  jealousy 
was  excited  against  him  on  account  of  his  powers.  The  enemies  of  the 
Free  School  scheme,  also,  did  their  utmost  against  him.  Saur's  newspaper 
was  especially  vehement.  The  Coetus.  therefore — unjustly,  no  doubt — 
removed  him  from  his  general  superintendency  in  1757.  He  then  ac- 
cepted of  a  chaplaincy  in  the  Royal  American  Regiment,  which  was  about 
to  proceed  to  Nova  Scotia.  He  was  present  at  the  sieges  of  Halifax  and 
Louisburg.  which  gave  the  death-blow  to  the  dominion  of  the  French  in 
that  part  of  America.  "There."  says  Bancroft,  "were  the  chaplains,  who 
preached  to  the  regiments  of  citizen-soldiers,  a  renewal  of  the  days  when 
Moses,  with  the  rod  of  God  in  his  hand,  sent  Joshua  against  Amalek." — 
"Hist.  U.S.,"  iv.  300. 

After  his  return  home  he  supported  himself  partly  from  his  labors  on  a 
small  farm  on  Chestnut  Hill,  named  by  him  Sweetland.  and  partly  from  the 
perquisites  of  wedding  fees,  he  almost  monopolizing  that  business.  He 
also  preached  at  Barren  Hill  and  Franklinville  more  or  less  frequently.  He 
was  driven  into  this  retirement  by  the  jealousy  and  opposition  waged 
against  him.  The  active  usefulness  of  his  life  was  compressed  into  the 
brief  space  of  thirteen  years.  His  earnest  labors  had  only  excited  the 
ignorance  and  prejudice  of  those  whom  he  would  have  benefited.  The  free 
schools,  which  he  advocated,  his  enemies  declared  were  meant  for  the 
enslavement  of  the  Germans  to  the  English.  The  people  ignorantly  believed, 
and  lost  the  services  of  a  most  useful  man.  How  similarly  have  the  friends 
of  intelligence  and  humanity  often  been  served ! 

Shortly  after  the  opening  of  the  Revolution,  he  felt  impelled  to  take  the 
side  of  freedom.  He  had.  up  to  this  time,  retained  his  chaplaincy  in  the 
British  army,  but  being  now  ordered  for  service,  and  declining,  he  was 
imprisoned  and  his  effects  destroyed.  He  was.  however,  by  some  means 
soon  released.  He  lived  in  his  declining  years  near  his  former  home  on 
Chestnut  Hill.  He  was  the  intimate  friend  of  Dr.  Muhlenberg,  who  was 
the  patriarch  of  the  Lutheran  Church  for  forty  years. 

Mr.  Schlatter  was  possessed  of  great  physical  health  and  mental  vigor. 
He  had  also  a  cheerful  disposition.  In  his  old  age  his  appearance  was  very 
venerable.  He  was  of  lymphatic  temperament  and  mild  appearance;  of 
medium  size  and  weight.     His  hair  was  bushy,  and  as  white  as  snow,  nicely 


THE   MINISTRY  481 

parted,  hanging  down  to  his  shoulders.  He  was  always  careful  to  present 
a  gentoc!  appearance.  He  entered  with  sympathetic  joy  into  the  cheerful 
spirit  of  the  young.  He  was  remarkably  easy  and  friendly  in  his  manners, 
and  full  of  vivacity.  He  excelled  in  pure,  innocent  humor  and  wit.  He 
was  of  a  catholic  spirit  in  reference  to  others,  ever  keeping  himself  well 
informed  of  the  general  movements  in  the  world,  political  and  religious. 
He  was  ever  deeply  interested  in  the  civil  affairs  of  his  adopted  country. 
He  had  not  the  least  particle  of  bigotry  or  sectarianism.  He  had  the  tact 
of  organization  in  an  eminent  degree.  His  preaching  was  solid  and  in- 
structive, though  not  eloquent  or  fascinating.  His  perseverance  and  in- 
dustry were  untiring. — See  "Schlatter's  Interesting  Life,"  by  Harbaugh, 
Philadelphia,  1857.  ("Bib.  Sac,"  x.x.  16).  "Ecc.  Rec,  N.Y.,"  many  letters. 
ALso  "Sketch  of  Schlatter,"  bv  Dr.  J  as.  I.  Good,  in  his  "Early  Fathers  of 
Ref.  Ch.,"  1897.    Dubbs,  278. 

Publications  :  Gertrow  verhaal  van  den  waren  toestand  der  meest  her- 
derloozer  gemeentcns  in  Pennsylvanien  en  aangrensende  provintien, 
voorgestelt  en  opdegraden  met  nederig  versoek  om  hulpe  en  bystand  aan 
de  ....  Synodens  van  Nederland,  enz.  Met  eene  aanpryzende  voorrede 
van  de  Gecommitteerde  der  Classis  van  Amsterdam.  4to,  pp.  xxii.  and 
56.  Amsterdam.  1751  ;  or,  A  true  history  of  the  real  condition  of  the  desti- 
tute congregations  in  Pennsylvania,  by  M.  S.,  Evangel.  Ref.  Minister  in 
Philadelphia,  addressed  in  the  Dutch  language  to  the  very  Rev.  Christian 
Synods  in  the  Netherlands,  and  other  charitable  Christians ;  and  now 
translated  into  the  German  language  by  the  author,  and  dedicated  to  the 
Hon.  Ref.  Magistrates  and  Ministers  of  the  Swiss  Confederacy,  together 
with  an  Introduction  by  the  Commissioners  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam, 
Feb.  6,  1752.  (This  work  was  soon  afterward  translated  into  English  by 
Rev.  Mr.  Thompson,  Eng.  Ref.  minister  in  Amsterdam,  and  distributed 
throughout  Great  Britain  and  Scotland,  and  it  received  very  liberal 
responses).  A  copy  of  this  work  was  sold  in  1882,  at  E.  B.  O'Callaghan's 
sale,  bringing  $35. 

This  appeal,  including  Schlatter's  interesting  journal  of  his  labors  in 
Pennsylvania,  are  given  in  full  by  Harbaugh  in  his  life  of  Schlatter. 
(Harb.\ugh). 

Schlegel,    Charles,   b.   Thullingen,  Wurtemberg,   Germany,   Mar.   20,    1863; 
Ger.   Theolog.    School,    Bloomfield,    N.J.,   95,   lie.   by   Ger.    Refd.    Ch. ; 
Norfolk  St.  (now  68th  St.  Ger.),  1896-1905.     (Presbyterian  1905). 
Schlegel,  Jacob,  b.  St.  Gall.  Switzerland,  Sept.  6,  1850     (From  G.R.  Ch.)  ; 
N.Y.C.,   Ger.   Evang.   Ch.,  Av.   B   and  5th   St.,    1877-1909,   d.   Oct.   27. 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1910,  831. 
Schlieder,  Albert  Henry   (son  of  F.  E.  Schlieder).     See  Von  Schlieder. 
Schliedcr,   Fred,   Ernst,  b.  at   Gleina,   Germany,   Oct.   26,    1838;    N.B.S.  65, 
lie.    CI.    N.B.;     West    Leyden,    65-72,    Forreston,    111.,    72-81.    Plainfield 
and  Raritan,  4th,  81-6,  Canarsie,  86-9,  West  Leyden,  1889-1907,  d.  Feb. 
3,  1915.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1915,  603. 
Schmidt,  H.  T.     Forreston,  89-93. 
Schmidt,   N.     Parkersburg,   1884-5. 

Schmitz,  William,  b.  at  Crefeld,  Germanv,  Apr.  28,  1857;  R.C.  1881  ; 
N.B.S.  84,  1.  CI.  N.Y.;  Pottcrsville,  N.J.,  84-86,  Roxbury,  N.Y.,  86- 
90,  (Presbyt.  Greenwich,  N.Y.,  90-92),  Fultonville,  N.Y..  1892-1901, 
Rocky  Hill,  N.J.,  1902-04,  Philadelphia,  Talmage  Memorial,  1904-07, 
S.S.,  Lower  Walpack,  IQ09-16,  Linden,  N.J.,  1917-20. 
Schmolz,  Carl.  (From  Lutheran  Church),  Thumansville,  188 1-2. 
Schneegas,  Charles  HoU,  b.  Wjettenbcrg,  Germany.  Bloomfield,  Col.  and 
Scni.  1893,  1.  bv  Pres.  Newark  1893.  (Davenport,  la.,  1893,  Camden, 
N.J. ,  1893-8,  Stapleton,  N.Y.,  1898-1904,  Plainfield.  N.J.  (Ger.),  S.S., 
1905-12.  Pres.,  Chazy,  N.J.,  1913).  Stuyvesant.  N.Y.,  1913-18,  Sprak- 
ers  and  Currytown,  N.Y.,  1919 


482  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Schneeweiss,  Franz  M.,  b.  in  Eisenerz,  district  of  Bruck,  Austria,  Jan.  29, 
1831  ;  studied  Philosophy  in  University  of  Gratz,  46-7;  studied  Law 
in  University  of  Vienna,  47-8;  came  to  America,  50;  N.B.  Sem.  55; 
lie.  and  ord.  bv  CI.  of  New  Brunswick;  New  Brunswick,  3d  (Ger.), 
1855-8,  w.  c.  Died  May  15,  1888. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Schnellendruessler,  Herman  Frederick  Francis,  b.  in  Brandenburg,  Prus- 
sia, Oct.  4,  1819;  Gymnasium  of  Gumbinnen,  Prussia;  c.  to  America, 
1852;  N.B.S.  1855,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  Albany,  4th,  1855-64,  chaplain,  i6th 
Regiment,  Heavy  Artillery,  U.S.  Volunteers,  1864-5,  Callicoon  (Thu- 
mansville),  N.Y.,  1866-9;  also  Milesville,  1869,  Warren,  N.J.,  1869-70, 
w.  c. ;  died  Sept.  20,  1898. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Schneyder,  Geo.  W.,  applied  for  licensure  to  Gen.  Meeting  of  Mins.  and 
Elds.,  1785,  but  was  refused.  ("Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  i.  133,  136).  Li- 
censed and  ordained  by  Ger.  Coetus,  1785  ;  Schoharie,  1785-7,  Beaver- 
dam,   1785-9,  Frederick,  Md.,   1788-9. 

(Schnoor    (Snorr),   Casper   Ludwig.     Lancaster,   Pa.,   1744-6,   Germantown 
(East  Camp).  N.Y.,  1746-9  (?)    ) — "Ecc.  Rec,  N.Y.,"  several  letters. 
"Harbaugh's  Lives,"  ii.  380. 
One  of  the  third  party  on  his  list  of  marriages,  at  East  Camp,  is  a  person  of 

his  own  name   (no  doubt  himself)   to  Barenke  Van  Scheich,  Dec.   16,  1746. 

He    was    an    ecclesiastical    vagabond,    guilty    of    many    misdemeanors,    and 

finally  found  guilty  and  punished. 

Schnucker.  George,  b.  Aflendorf,  Hessen,  Germany,  May  14,  1874;  Col- 
lege Depmt.  Bloomfield  Sem.  96,  N.B.S.  99,  1.  S.  CI.  L.I.;  Hope  Ch., 
George,  la.,  1899-1902.  Peoria,  111.,  1902-07,  Silver  Creek,  German  Val- 
ley.   111.,    1907-16,    Aplington.    la..    1916 — — .      S.C.    CI.    P.P.    1902 . 

Pres.  P.S.  Chicago,   1907.     Pres.  P.S.  Iowa,   1920. 
Publications  :    Psalmen  und  Lieder — Hymn  Book  for  German  Churches, 

1906.     Die  Ostfriesen  in  America,   1917.     Ass.  Editor  Hymns  of   Ref.  Ch., 

1920.    Ass.  Editor  Der  Mitarbeiter. 

Schock,  James  T.,  b.  Centerton,  Salem  Co.,  N.J. ;  Wesleyan  University, 
Ct.  1876;  lie.  bv  N.J.  Conference  of  M.E.  Church;  Prin.  Public 
School,  New  Brunswick.  N.J..  76-87;  ord.  CI.  N.B.  1888;  Bound 
Brook.  88-92.  Keyport,  92-97.  Prin.  Keyport  Public  School,  1897-1905, 
Bernardsville  School,  1905-06.  Business,  d.  Aug.  10,  1912.  Min.  Gen. 
Syn.,  1913,  891. 

Schoeffer,  J.  D.,  b.  in  Germany.  German  Reformed  Camp,  178.. -98  (?), 
Schoharie,   1800-1820,   S.S.,   Cobbleskill,    1810-16. 

Schoenfeldt.  Christian,  b.  Garry,  Prussia.  Gosner's  Missionary  Sem.,  Bre- 
lin,  N.B.S.  1857-8. 

Schoerk,  George  J.,  Presbyterian,  Newtown.  2d.   (Ger.),  L.I.  1907-18. 

Schoff,  Max.  Candidate,  CI.  Pleasant  Prairie.  1911. 

Scholten  Dirk.  b.  at  Zutphen.  Neths..  Dec.  26.  1852.  H.C.  83,  N.B.S. 
83-4.  W.S.  84-6.  1.  CI.  Iowa,  Luctor.  Kan..  86-91.  Muscatine.  la.,  91-6, 
South    Blendon.    1896-1908.    Classical    Missionary.    CI.    Bella.    1908-11, 

Edgertovyn,  Minn.,  1911-14,  Classical  Missionary,  CI.' la.,  1917-20,  Classical 
Missionary,  CI.  of  West  Sioux  1920. 

Scholten,  George  Benjamin,  b.  Luctor,  Kan.,  Dec.  13.  1889,  H.C.  1911,  N.B. 
S.  and  W.T.S.   1916,  1.   by  CI.   Iowa   1916.     New   Hurley.   1916 

Scholten,  Walter  Augustus,  b.  Muscatine,  la..  H.C.  1918,  N.B.S.  1921,  1. 
by  CI.   N.   B.,  Tarrytown,  N.Y..   ist.   1921 

Scholz,  Charles,  b.  in  Silesia.  Germany,  about  1835.  (Columbus,  Neb. 
(Evang.  Luth.).  18.. -88).  Flatbush.  L.I..  2d  (Ger.),  98-1900,  d. 
Mar.   5.     See   Alanual,    1902. 

Schomp,  William  Wyckoff.  b.  Bedminster.  N.J..  Nov.  19.  1853,  R.C. 
76.  N.B.S.  79.  1.  CI.  Raritan,  Glenham,  N.Y.,  79-85,  Marbletown  and 
North  Alarbletown,  N.Y.,  85-92,  Athens,  N.Y.,  93-97,  Walden,  N.Y., 
1897-1911.     Supplying  church. 


THE   MINISTRY  483 

Publications:  "Hist.  Address  at  150th  Anniv.  of  Ch.  of  Marbletown," 
1888.  Sermon  on  "Proclaim  Liberty  to  the  Captives,"  July  7,  1900.  Other 
Sermons  in  local  press. 

Schoon,  J.  H.  Lennox,  2d,  S.D.,  1890-1909,  and  Worthing,  S.D.,  1900-1909, 
Alexander,  la.,  1909-11,  Cromwell  Centre,  la.,  1911-14,  Buffalo  Centre, 

Kan.,  1914 

Schoonmaker,  Henricus.  b.  in  Rochester,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1739  (son-in- 
law  of  J.  H.  Goetschius)  ;  studied  under  Goetschius,  lie.  by  the  Amer- 
ican Classis.  1763.  Poughkeepsie  and  Fishkill,  1763-74,  Aquackanonck, 
1774-99,  Belleville  (S.S.)  1784-94,  Aquackanonck  and  Totowa,  1799- 
1816.  Died  1820. 
He  gave  early  indications  of  piety,  under  the  short  pastorate  of  Henricus 
Frelinghuysen,  at  Alarbletown.  He  was  a  warm  friend  of  the  Coetus. 
When  called  to  Fishkill  and  Poughkeepsie,  he  was  strongly  opposed  by 
the  Conferentie  party,  so  much,  indeed,  that  when  the  Ccetus  ministers  as- 
sembled to  ordain  him,  in  Poughkeepsie,  they  found  the  church  in  the 
possession  of  his  enemies,  and  barred  against  them.  The  committee,  de- 
termined not  to  be  frustrated,  had  a  wagon  placed  under  a  large  tree  in 
front  of  the  church,  and  the  ordination  sermon  was  preached  thence,  by 
John  H.  Goetschius.  of  New  Paltz  and  Shawangunk,  and  on  bended  knees, 
in  the  wagon,  the  candidate  received  the  laying  on  of  hands.  A  young  man, 
John  H.  Livingston  by  name,  was  present,  and  deeply  interested  in  the 
whole  scene,  and  said  to  one  of  the  elders,  at  its  conclusion,  "Thank  God, 
though  the  opponents  have  succeeded  in  excluding  him  from  the  church, 
they  have  not  succeeded  in  preventing  his  ordination."  Mr.  Schoonmaker 
was  greatly  admired  for  his  ardent  piety  and  faithful  ministerial  labors. 
He  was.  in  his  time,  the  most  eloquent  and  impressive  speaker  in  the  Dutch 
language  in  this  country.  Though  meeting  with  much  opposition  from  the 
Conferentie,  his  ministry  was  greatly  blessed.  He  was  contemporary,  in 
his  tield,  though  of  opposite  ecclesiastical  sentiments,  with  the  learned 
and  polished  Rysdck.  .'\fte4-  the  death  of  Professor  Meyer,  of  Pompton 
and  Paterson,  he  was  called  to  succeed  him  at  the  latter  church,  in  con- 
junction with  Aquackanonck.  He  could  not  preach  well  in  English,  and  as 
the  use  of  the  Dutch  language,  was  declining  in  his  first  charges,  and  he 
was  unwilling  to  injure  his  usefulness  by  awkward  attempts  at  English 
preaching,  he  accepted  the  call  to  New  Jersey,  where  the  Dutch  was  yet  in 
use.  He  resembled  the  celebrated  Professor  Romeyn,  being,  like  him.  a 
Boanerges.  His  style  was  nervous,  eloquent,  and  powerful.  He  was  the 
last  but  one  of  the  early  ministers  who  continued  to  minister  only  in  Dutch 
till  the  end  of  their  lives.  A  warm  friendship  existed  between  him  and  Dr. 
Livingston,  and  he  was  one  of  the  efficient  organizers  in  the  formative 
period  of  the  Church. — See  "Kip's  Hist.  Dis."  "Sprague's  Annals."  "Ch. 
Int.."  vol.  ii.  123. 

Schoonmaker,  Jacob,  b.  at  Aquackanonck.  N.J.,  May  11,  1777  (s.  of  Henricus 

Schoonmaker)  ;    C.C.   1799,  studied  under  Froeligh  and  Livingston,  lie. 

CI.  Paramus,   1801  ;     Jamaica  and  Newtown,   1802-49,  Jamaica,   1849-50, 

d.  1852.    Elected  a  trustee  of  Rutgers  Coll.  1828.     S.T.D.  by  D.C.  1831. 

As  a  preacher,  he  was  evangelical,  logical,  and  instructive,  and  in  every 

way  an  admirable  specimen  of  a  minister  of  the  gospel.     He  is  said  to  have 

left   his   papers    to    his    .son    Richard.      They   were    boxed    up    and    sent    to 

Waterford.     "The  Journal  of  the  Conferentie"  is  said  to  have  been  among 

them.— See  "Rev.  G.  L  Garretson's  Disc,  at  Quadragenian  Anniversary  of 

Schoonmaker  at  Jamaica,"   1842.     "Sprague's  Annals."     Manual.    1902. 

Publications:  "Charge  to  Rev.  Jas.  Otterson."  1828.  "Mag.  R.D.C.,' 
iii.  119. — "Letter  on  Hist,  of  the  Church."  "Mag.  R.D.C,"  iv.  371. — Art. 
in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Rev.  J.  H.  Goetschius. 

Schoonmaker.  Martinus.  b.  at  Rochester,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1737;  read  the 
classics  imder  Goetschius.  1753-6,  studied  theology  under  Marinus,  lie. 
1765;  Gravesend  and  Harlem,  1765-84,  Flatbush,  Brooklyn,  New 
Utrecht,   Flatlands,   Bushwick,  and   Gravesend,    1784-1824,  d. 


484  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IX    AMERICA 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Schoonmaker,  Martin  V.,  b.  Newtown,  L.I.,  Aug.  11,  1816;    U.C.  3Q.  N.B.S. 
42,  lie.  by  S.  CI.  L.I.  East  New  York,  42-49,  Walden.  49-88,  w.  c.    Died 
June  13,  1899.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1877. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Schoonmaker,  Richard  Ludlow   (s.  of  Jacob  Schoonmaker),  b.  at  Jatnaica, 
L.L,   1811;    R.C.   1829,   N.B.S.  32.  1.   CI.   L.L;    Waterford.   32-5,    (St. 
Augustine,  Fla.,  35-6,   Presb.)  ;    Harlem,  37-47,   North  Hempstead,  47- 
52,   Waterford,   52-6,   Amity,   56-61,   Rotterdam,   2d,   61-71,   chaplain  at 
Sing  Sing  Prison,  71-6,  Greenville,  76-80,  Glen.  80-82,  d.  June. 
He  was  of  genial  and  winning  disposition  and  of  much  pulpit  power. 
Publications:    Fun.  ser.  on  death  of  Sarah  J.  Treadwell,  1851. 
Schork,  George  J.     See  Schoerk,  George  J. 
Schriver,  Thomas  Gibson.     R.C.  1847.     N.B.S.   1848-9.     Teacher,     d.  July, 

1884. 
Schroeder,  A.,  from  G.  R.  Ch. ;    Hackensack   (Ger.),  1864-9. 
Schroeder,  Paul  E.  A.     From  Hervomde  Kirk,  Neth.   1915.     Forrestville, 
Wis.,    1916-18,   East   Overisel,   Mich.,    1918-21,   Atwood,    Central   Lake, 

Mich.,  1921 

Schroepfer,  Ernest,  1.  CI.  Westchester,  1851  ;  Melrose  (Ger.),  1855-61; 
to  "Lutheran  Ch.,"  1864.  Letter  of  his  enterprises,  Dec.  30,  1852,  in 
"Ch.  Int." 
Schulke,  Paul  F.,  b.  Thorn,  Germany,  May  13,  1847.  University  of  Koenigs- 
burg.  Studied  Theology  in  Wis.  (Ref.  Ch.  U.S.).  Pekin,  111.,  2d, 
1876-80,  Washingtorr,  Ackley,  la.,  80-91,  Pekin,  111.,  2d,  1891-1903. 
Instructor  in  German  H.C.,  1904-05.  Curator  of  Museum  H.C.,  1905-14. 
S.S.,  Pekin,  2d,  1914-15.  Curator  of  Museum  H.C.,  1915-17,  d.  April  i. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1917,  258. 
Schults,  Emanuel,  L.L  City.  Laurel  Hill,  1878. 

Schultz,  Jacob  I.,  b.  at  Rhinebeck,  1792,  U.C.  1813,  N.B.S.  16,  1.  CI.  N.B. 
Rockaway  and  Lebanon,   16-34,  Middlebush,  34-8.  d.   1852. 
See  Manual  of  1879. 
Schultz,  John  Newton   (son  of  Jac.  1.  Schultz),  b.  at  Lebanon,  N.J.,  June 
II,    1819,    R.C.    39.    N.B.S.    42,    1.    CI.    N.B.,    Vanderveer,    111.,    1843-5, 
Washington.   111..  49-51,   Centreville.  Mich.,   53-5.   Battle   Creek.   Mich.. 
55-7.    (Presbyt.,  preaching  at   Crown   Point  and   Bristol,    Ind.).     Died 
at   Menardsville.   Tex.,   Nov.   8.    1888. 
After  giving  up   the   pulpit   he   held   an  official   position   in   the   Indiana 
State  Prison,  at   Michigan  City ;   taught   freed   men   in   the   South ;   was  a 
chaplain  in  U.S.  Army;  and  an  Evangelist  in  Texas.     His  life  was  one  of 
privation  and  hardship,  but  he  was  a  devoted  Christian.     He  walked  from 
place  to  place,  in  Texas,  preaching  the  Gospel.     "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads. 
R.C,"  1889,  16. 

Schulz,    Herman    W.    J..    Presbyterian,    Bayonne.    3d,    1904-09.     (Presby- 
terian,   Paterson,    N.J.,    191 1 

Schujnacher,   Gustave,   b.   Germany,   July   7,    1864,    Bloomfield   Sem.,    1888. 
(German  Miss.  Nyack.  N.Y.,  1888-90,  Broadway  Presb.  Paterson.  1890- 
1900,  German   Presb.  Rahway,   1900-02).     Brooklyn,  Church  of  Jesus, 
1902.     Died  Dec.   13.     Min.  Gen.   Syn.,   1903,  524. 
Schuneman,   Johannes,   b.   at   East   Camp,    Aug.    18,    (O.S.),    1712,    studied 
under   T.    Frelinghuysen   and    Goetschius,   1.    CI.    Amsterdam,   Jan.    9. 
1753-     Catskill  and  Coxsackie,  1753-94.  d.  May  16.     Also  at  Shawan- 
gunk  and  New  Paltz.  1753-4.     Also  supplied  Kaatsban,  1762-93,  Hills- 
dale, 1776-87,  Schoharie,  1782-3.  Taghkanick,  1785-6. 
His    father,    Herman,    immigrated    under    the    lead    of    Kocherthal   and 
company,    1708.       (Kocherthal).      He    was    deeply    impressed,    religiously, 
in  early  life,  and  under  the  instructions  of  Rev.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen, 
of  Albany,  was  led  to  enter  the  ministry.     On   Nov.   12,   1751,  he  was  in- 
vited to  become  the  pastor  of  the  churches  of  Catskill  and  Coxsackie,  pro- 


THE    MINISTRY  485 

vided  he  would  go  to  Holland  to  prosecute  his  studies,  and  receive  ecclesi- 
astical orders.     The  church  offered  to  defray  his  expenses.     This  proposi- 
tion was  made,  although  the  Coetus  was  in  full  operation.    He  went  in  1752, 
and  returned  the  following  year  in  August.     His  pastoral  field,  embracing 
two  large  congregations,  was  very  extensive  and  laborious.     He  v/as  zeal- 
ous, preservering  and   strong,  physically,  and   for   forty  eventful  years  he 
preached  the  truth  in  that  region.     He  was  a  short,  corpulent  man,  and  had 
a   powerful   voice,   and   his   ministrations   were  effective.     In   ecclesiastical 
matters   he    sympathized    with    the    friends    of    church    independence,    and 
naturally,  therefore,  also  belonged  to  the  party  of  freedom  in  the  Revolu- 
tion.    The   interests   of    religion   and   politics   were   almost    identical   to   his 
mind,  and  no  one  took  a  deeper  interest  in  the  success  of  political  inde- 
pendence.    He    traversed    the    wilderness    generally    alone,    between    his 
churches,  when  he  knew  that  his  person  was  a  coveted  prize  to  the  enemy. 
But  he  went  in  faith,  and  in  ])repaartion  for  defense.     Domine  Schuneman 
is  the  hero  in  Alurdock's  "Dutch  Domine  of  the  Catskills."     He  was  also 
a  physician.     He  was  one  of  the  original  trustees  of   Queen's   College. — 
See  "Ch.  Int.,"  vol.  ii.  107;  also  Jan.  20,  1876.     "Hist.  Ser.  by  Rev.  G.  R. 
Livingston."     Ecc.   Rec.   N.Y.     "Doc.   Hist.,"   iii.   328,   332 ;     "Col.    Hist.," 
v-  53-     "Sprague's  Annals."    Funeral  sermon  by  Rev.  Peter  Van  Vlierden. 
A  copy  is  in  N.Y.  Hist.  Soc.  Library.     See  also  "Hist,  of  Greene  Co.,  N.Y." 
Schureman.  John.  b.  near  New  Brunswick,  Oct.  19,  1778,  Q.C.  1795,  studied 
under   Livingston,   lie.   by    CI.   of   Albany,    Sept.   4,    1799,    Bedminster, 
1801-7,   Hillsborough,   1807-9,   ^'ew  York,   1809-12,  Vice-Pres.   of   Rut- 
gers  Coll.    12-18,   New    Brunswick,   1813.   Prof.   Moral   Phil,   and    Bel. 
Let.  in   Rutgers   Coll.   13-18,   Prof.   Ecc.   Hist,   in   N.B.   Sem.    15-18,   d. 
May   15.     Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.   1800.     AM.  bv  R.C.  and  C.N.J. 
1801 ;    S.T.D.  by  C.C.  1816. 
He  was  one  of  the  worthies  of  our  Church — a  man  greatly  beloved  and 
confided  in.     He  had  nothing  very  remarkable  in  his  appearance  or  man- 
ner.    A  stranger  on  meeting  or  passing  him  would  probably  have  thought 
or  said.  "There  goes  a  sensible,  kind-hearted,  unpretending,  humble  man." 
His  constitution  of  body  was  rather  frail  from  his  childhood,  and  needed 
care  on  his  own  part,  and  indulgence  on  the  part  of  those  to  whom  he  min- 
istered, to  keep  him  at  all   in  a   proper  condition    for  the   pastoral   work. 
When  called  to  New  York,  he  sustained  his  reputation,  and  competed  suc- 
cessfully  with   some   of   the   most   popular   city   ministers.     He    could   not 
preach  anything  but   a   solid,   judicious   discourse,  logically   arranged,   and 
therefore  lucid  in  every  part,  and   symmetrical.     In  his  style  he  was  not 
strong  or  sparkling,  but  simple,  clear,  neat,  direct.     In  manner  not  rapid, 
or  fervid,  or  impassioned,  but  very  distinct  in  his  enunciation,  just  in  em- 
phasis,   affectionate   in   tone,   with    not   too    much,   but   proper   and    rather 
graceful   gesticulation,   altogether   making   the    impression   of   a   man   that 
felt  in  his  own  soul  the  power  of  the  truth,  and  was  desirous  that  his  hear- 
ers should  be  profited  bv  his  ministrations.     See  Manual,   1902. 
Schut,  Henry  S.,  b.  Newkirk,  la.,  Oct.  10,  1882.     H.C.   1909.  W.T.S.  1912. 
1.  by  CI.  Iowa.     Pella.  Neb.,  1912-15,  Carmel,  la.,   1915-18,  d.  Dec.  27. 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1919,  922. 
Schuurman,   Henry   P.,   b.   Neths.,   Nov.   19.   1865;    H.C.   97.   W.S.    1900,   1. 
CI.    G.R. ;     Grand   Rapids.   9th.    19CO-1903.   Leota,   Bethel,   Minn..    1903- 
06,    Newkirk,   la..    1906-10.   Chicago    (Holland),    1910-13.    South    Hol- 
land.  1913-17.  Paterson,  N.J.,  Holland,  6th.   1917 .     S.C.  CI.  Iowa, 

1905-11- 
Schuvler.  Johannes,  b.  1710,  Duchy  of  Nassau.     Schoharie.  1736-56.  German 
Flats.  1736,  Hackensack  (2d),  and  Schraalenburgh  (2d),  1756-66.  Beav- 
erdam  and  Schoharie,   1766-79.     Preached  also  at  Stone  Arabia,  occas- 
ionally.   Died  1779. 
His  call  to  Schoharie  was  approved  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  Sept. 
3.  1736.     By  letter  of  Oct.  i.  1736,  permission  was  given  to  Erickzon  and 


486  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IX    AMERICA 

Haeghoort  to  examine  and  ordain  him,  under  the  peculiar  circumstances 
existing;  but  this  letter  was  not  received  until  March  3,  1738.  His  ordin- 
ation and  installation  took  place  on  Ap.  18,  1738.  This  permission  was, 
perhaps,  the  immediate  cause  of  the  effort  to  secure  a  Coetus  in  the  follow- 
ing year.  Yet  he  became  one  of  the  conservative  members  of  the  Coetus, 
and  after  1751  did  not  attend  the  meetings.  His  interest  was  growing  cold, 
and  in  1755  the  anti-Coetus  party  of  Curtenius  at  Hackensack  called  him  to 
take  the  peculiar  position  of  both  colleague  and  opponent  of  Goetschius. 
He  was  censured  by  the  Coetus  for  accepting  this  call  without  their  con- 
sent and  against  their  will.  He  thenceforth  consorted  with  the  Conferentie. 
The  "Col.  Hist.,"  viii.  551,  calls  him  the  Presbyterian  minister  at  Scho- 
harie. He  seems  to  have  continued  at  Hackensack  ten  years,  and  not  three 
years  only,  as  has  been  supposed.  Ecc.  Rec.  N.  Y.  "Berg's  Evang.  Quar- 
terly," ii,  112.  "Gunn's  Mem.  of  Livingston,"  ed.  1856,  p.  389.  "M.G.S.," 
i.  pp.  cxiii.  cxxii. 

Schwartz,  Moritz  Johannes,  b.  Oct  19,  1853,  at  Drohobycz.  Gallicia.     Took 

a  severe  Hebraical  and  Talmudical  education  in  Gallicia.     N.B.S.  1891, 

lie.  CI.  N.Y.,  w.  c.     Name  removed  from  Classical  roll,  April   18,  1905. 

A  converted  Hebrew.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Schwartzbach,  C.  H.    Flatbush.  2d,  188 1-5. 

Schwedes,  Franz  R.,  b.  Germany.     N.B.S.   1855;    New  York   (Ger.),  1855, 

deposed. 
Schweitzer,  Edward.     S.S.,  Plainfield   (Ger.),  1872. 
Schwilk,  W.  P..  1.  CI.  Sdienectady.  1855;    Schenectady,  1856-68,  w.  c. 
Schwitters,  Emiel  Onno,  b.  Carnarvon,  la.,  Sept.  22,  1881.    H.C.  191 1,  N.B.S. 
1914-     Clove,   High   Falls,    N.Y.,    1914-16,    Schenectady,    Mt.    Pleasant, 
1916-19.      Progress    Campaign    Committee,    1919-1921.      Grand    Rapids, 
Bethel,  1921.     Educational  and  Extension  Sec,  University  of  Dubuque, 

1921 

Sciple,  Chs.  Morton,  b.  Easton,  Pa.,  April   19,  1872;    LaF.  Coll.  97,  U.S. 
1897-8,   N.B.S.   1900,  1.   CI.  N.Y. ;    Highwood,   1900-1903.      (Pres.   Port 
Deposit,   Md.,    1903-06),   Napanoch,    1906-14.     Chaplain,    N.Y.    Eastern 
Reformatory,  1906. 
Scofield,   Frank"  A.,   Hackettstown,   C.C.I.,    Drew   T.S.    1885.     (M.E.    Pas- 
torate 1885-1913,  Pres.  Ch.   1914-19).     Long  Island  City,   ist.  1919— — 
Scott,   Charles,   b.    Little   Britain,    N.Y.,   Dec.    18.    1822,   R.C.   44,    teaching 
in   S.C.  44-8,   N.B.S.   51,   Shawangunk  51-66,   Prof,  of   Chemistry  and 
Nat.   Hist,   in    Hope   College   1866-77,    Synodical   Lector   in    Ch.    Hist, 
and   Ch.   Gov.  at  Hope   College  66-77,  Vice-President   of   Hope   Col- 
lege 78-81,  Provisional  President  81-5,  President  of  H.C.  85-92.     Died 
Oct.  31,   1893.     D.D.  by  N.Y.U.   1875.     Pres.  of   Gen.   Synod.   1875. 
He  was  noted  from  boyhood  for  sturdy  integrity.     Classmates  and  col- 
leagues remember  him  as  a  scorner  of  shams,  and  as  one  whom  it  was  im;- 
possible  to   seduce    from   the   promptings   of    sound   principle.     He   was    a 
splei;did  specimen  of  a  manly,  straightforward  boy  at  school  and  young 
man   at   college,   whom   every  one   could   absolutely   trust.     This   beautiful 
character  he  had  even  before  he  seemed  to  have  given  his  heart  to  Christ. 
As  a  Christian  he  became  eminent   for  his   intelligence  of  conviction,  his 
strength  of  trust,  and  the  unreserve  and  practicalness  of  his  consecration. 
He  left  his  mark  upon  his  pastoral  field,  upon  our   Holland  institutions. 
and  upon  our  whole  Western  Church,  so  deep  that  it  can  never  be  effaced. 
No  name  on  our  rolls  will  stand  higher  than  his  for  faithful  consecration 
as  a  servant  of  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ. 

He  was  a  scholar.  His  mind  was  bright  and  active,  and  his  faculty  for 
acquisition  was  well  balanced  along  all  lines  of  study.  He  was  a  linguist, 
a  mathematician  and  a  scientist.  As  a  student  and  teacher  he  was  noted 
for  his  love  of  accuracy.  Of  course,  his  great  life  work  lay  in  his  ministry 
and  teaching.  But  he  had  also  side  lines  of  pursuit.  Especially  he  was  a 
laborious  antiquarian   and  local,   secular,  and  church  historian.     It   is   re- 


THE    MIXISTRY  487 

gretted  that  large  treasures  of  relics  and  historical  data  collected  by  him 
were  destroyed  by  the  fire  that  swept  over  Holland  in  1871.  He  was  one 
of  the  most  unassuming  of  men,  but  as  a  scholar  he  was  one  of  the  lead- 
ing ornaments  of  our  Church.  He  was  devoted  to  the  Reformed  Church 
and  its  interests.  In  1872  he  was  tendered  the  Presidency  of  an  Indiana 
College,  and  in  1875  the  offer  was  made  to  him  of  a  Professorship  in  a 
Presbyterian  institution.  But  he  considered  himself  the  depository  of  a 
sacred  trust,  and  no  offer  could  move  him.  Not  only  were  these  offers 
tempting  in  themselves,  but  they  came  to  him  at  a  time  when  his  work 
in  Holland  was  in  a  very  disheartening  condition,  and  a  change  might  have 
brought  unspeakable  relief  to  a  tried  spirit.  But  he  stood  by  his  charge 
and  lived  to  see  our  young  institution  carried  past  all  danger.  We  owe 
everything,  humanly  speaking,  to  his  manly  fidelity  and  indomitable  per- 
severance. No  sketch  of  him  would  be  complete  without  emphasizing 
these  traits  in  his  character,  and  noting  their  illustration  in  the  devotion 
he  manifested  to  the  interests  of  our  church. — "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1894. 
212. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C.,"  1894,   16. 

Publications:     For  a  list  of  his  numerous   publications,    see   Manual. 
1902. 
Scott.  James,  b.  in  Scotland,  1809;    Universities  of  Glasgow  and  Belfast;    c. 

to  America,  1832,  1.  Presbyt.  New  York.  34;   (German  Valley  and  Fox 

Hill,  Presbyt.),  34-43,  Newark,  ist,  43-58,  d. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  "Life  of  Rev.  Robt.  Pollock."  i2mo,  pp.  364.  N.Y.,  1848. 
— "An  Epic.  Poem."  On  this  he  had  been  long  engaged.  It  had  but  re- 
cently been  finished  when  he  died.  He  left  directions  for  its  publication. 
He  and  Rev.  J.  L.  Chapman  issued  a  series  of  School  Books,  published  by 
A.  Williams,  Boston. 
Scoville,  Frank  C,  b.  North  Bingham,  Pa.,  1850;    A.C.  1875,  U.T.S.  78,  lie. 

by  Manhattan  Cong.  Assoc.   (Cong.,  Independence,  Kan.,  78-80,  Sauger- 

ties,  N.Y.,  80-85,  post-graduate,  Andover  Sem.,  85-86),  Greenwich,  N.Y., 

1886-1921. 
Scribner,  John  M.    U.C.  1833,  N.B.S.  1836,  1.  CI.  of  Ulster,  1836;    Schoharie. 

1836-9,   Walden,    1839-42,    Prin.    Female    Sem..    Auburn.    1842-4,    Prin. 

Female    Sem.,    Rochester,    1844-6,    supplied    Schoharie,    Mt.   and   North 

Blenheim,  1847-8.  w.  c.    Died  1881. 
Publication'  :    "The  Ready  Reckoner." 
Scudder,  Charles  Tudson   (son  of   Tohn  Scudder,  Tr.),  b.  at  Vellore,  India, 

July.   1866;    R.C.  89.  N.B.S.  97.  lie.  CI.  N.Y.;    Bay  Ridge,  Brooklyn, 

1897-1907.    In  business.    Supplying  cliurches. 
Scudder.  Kzekiel  Carman,   (s.  of  John  Scudder),  b.  Oct.  20,  1828,  in  Pan- 

deteripo.  Ceylon;    W.R.C.  50.  N.B.S.  55.  1.  and  ord.  CI.  N.B.     Mission- 
ary in  India,   1855-1876.     S.S.,  Upper  Red  Hook,   Sept.,  77-78,   Sept.; 

pastor,  78-84,  (San  Antonio,  Texas,  84-89,  Presbvt.)  Asburv  Park,  N.J., 

89-96;  d.  Jan.  31.  M.D.,  D.D.,  W.R.C,  1S85. 
When  eight  years  of  age  his  father  left  Ceylon,  going  to  Aladras.  In 
due  time  he  came  to  America  for  education,  probably  in  1843.  After  ample 
preparation,  taking  also  one  course  of  medical  lectures  in  the  College  of 
Physicians  and  Surgeons,  he  joined  his  brothers  already  in  India.  On  his 
return  to  America  in  1868,  he  spent  two  years  in  completing  his  medical 
education  at  the  Brooklyn  Hospital  for  Physicians.  On  account  of  a  sun- 
stroke he  was  obliged  to  abandon  the  mission  field  in  1876.  Ho  had  a 
watchfiil  eye,  and  feet  always  ready  to  go  on  missions  of  mercy  and  com- 
fort. He  set  a  noble  example  for  inciting  others  to  a  higher  life.  He  was 
a  man  of -rare  personal  gifts  and  of  scholarly  attainments,  and  whose  mis- 
sionary career  was  conspicuously  successful.  His  work  was  distinguished 
for  its  thoroughness  and  deeply  spiritual  character.  Some  of  the  most 
flourishing  village  churches  in  India  were  established  by  him.  At  Asburv 
Park,  a  year  before  his  death,  he  was  stricken  with  paralysis.    Ripe  in  years, 


488  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

in  work,  in  grace,  he  was  revered  and  beloved  by  all.  He  preached  a  pure 
and  simple  Gospel,  and  illustrated  its  excellence  in  all  relations.  As  the 
end  drew  near,  he  prayed  with  his  family.  His  mind  wandered,  and  he 
thought  himself  in  the  midst  of  his  missionary  work  in  India.  He  preached 
earnestly  to  a  supposed  audience  of  natives,  asking  them  if  they  had  made 
their  peace  with  God.  Thus  his  ruling  passion  was  strong  in  death.  "Mints. 
Gen.  Syn.,"  1896,  494. 

Publications:  "Village  Work."  In  "Manual  of  Missions,  R.C.A." — 
Many  letters  in  the  papers  on  mission  work  in  India. 

Scudder  Ezekiel  Carman,  Jr.  (son  of  Ezekiel  C.  Scudder),  b.  in  India,  June 
25,  1856,  R.C.  79,  N.B.S.  82,  1.  CI.  Hudson;  Missionary  to  India,  82- 
19CO,  Wanaque,  N.J.,  1901-1903.  (Congregational,  Porto  Rico,  1903-04). 
Missionary  to  India,  1904-19,  d.  Dec.  2. 
He  was  a  worthy  member  of  a  family  much  honored  by  God.  See  Min. 
Gen.  Syn.,  1923,  277. 
Scudder,  Frank  Seymour  (son  of  Ezekiel  C.  Scudder),  b.  Conoor,  India, 
Apr.  28,  1862;  R.C.  85,  N.B.S.  90,  1.  CI.  N.B.  Havana,  III,  90-3,  Mt. 
Vernon,  N.Y.,  94-7,  Missionary,  Nagano,  Japan,  1897-1907.     Missionary 

Japanese  Dept.  Hawaiian,  Honolulu,  T.H.,   1907 .     Sec.  and  Treas. 

Arabian  Missions,  1893-4. 
Publications:      "Songs     of     Rutgers,"     1885. — "Sunday-School     Lesson 
Helps"   (in  Japanese).   1898-1901. — Articles  on  Arabia  and  Japan,  in  "Miss. 
Review  of  the  World,"  and  in  Religious  Papers. — "Easter  Anthem  and  Re- 
sponsive Service."  in  Japafiese.     Many  articles  for  the  press. 
Scudder,  Henry  Johnston   (son  of  John  Scudder,  Jr.),  b.  Coonoor,  Niligiri 
Hills,    India,    Oct.    i,    1867;     R.C.   90,   Teach,    in    India,   90-94,    N.B.S. 
97,   1.   CI.   N.B. ;    ord.   by  same.   May  31.    1897.     Missionary   at   Arcot 
India,    1897-1914,    Centreville,    Athenia,    N.J.,    1915-19.      Missionary    in 
India  1919 — — .     Agency  Recording  Sec.  Am.  Bible  Soc,  N.Y.C.,  1915- 
16  and  Field  Sec.  Eastern  Agency,  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  1917-19. 
Publications  :    Many  articles  in  the  press. 
Scudder,  Henry  M.   (s.  of  John  Scudder),  b.  at  Pandeteripo,  Ceylon,  Feb. 
5,    1822;     N.Y.U.   40,   U.S.   43,   supplied   New    Rochelle,   43-4,   ord.   by 
Presbyt.    Nov.    12,    43.      Missionary    in    India    under    American    Board 
1844-51.     Missionary  in  India,  1851-1864,  Jersey  City,  ist,  Dec.  64-May 
65,    (San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Howard  Ch.,   Presb.  65-71.     Brooklyn,  Cent. 
Cong.,   71-83,   Chicago,    Plymouth   Cong.,   83-7,   independent   missionary 
to  Japan,  87-9),  w.  c,  but  living  at  Pasadena,  Cal,  89-90,  at  Chicago, 
90-2,  at  Winchester,  Mass.,  92-1895,  d.  June  4.     M.D.  by  N.Y.U.   1853. 
D.D.  by  R.C.  1859. 
He  went  to  Indian  under  the  American  Board,  and  remained  in  that  con- 
nection,   1844-51,    when   he   came   under   the    Board   of   the    Dutch    Church, 
and  so  continued,  1851-63,  when  he  was  obliged  to  resign  mission  work  on 
account  of  ill-health.     He  was  very  eloquent  and  successful  in  his  several 
charges  in  this  country. 

Publications:  "Address  at  Anniversary  Am.  Tract  Soc".  i860. — 
"Liturgy  of  R.P.D.C.  in  Tamil."  Madras,  1862.— "The  Bazaar  Book;  or, 
Vernacular  Preachers'  Companion."  In  Tamil.  8vo.  Madras,  1865. — 
"Sweet  Savors  of  Divine  Truth."  In  Tamil.  Madras,  1868.  (This  is  a 
Christian  Catechism,  with  Decalogue,  Creeds,  Prayers,  etc.). — "Spiritual 
Teaching."  In  Tamil.  Madras.  1870.— A  Sermon  on  "The  Coming  of 
Christ."  In  "Pulpit  and  Rostrum,"  vol.  i. — A  Sermon  at  65th  Anniversary 
of  A.B.C.F.M.    187.4. 

Scudder,  Jared  Waterburv  (s.  of  John  Scudder).  b.  Niligiri  Hills,  India, 
Feb.  8.  1830;  W.R.C.  50,  N.B.S.  55.  He  by  CI.  N.B.  55;  ord.  by  CI. 
N.Y.  55.  Missionary  to  India,  1855-1910.  d.  Oct.  17.  Prof,  of  Tlieology, 
Arcot  Theo.  Sem.,  1895-1908.  M.D.  by  Long  Is.  Col.  i860,  D.D.  by 
R.C.  1887.  _ 
Throughout  his  long  life  Dr.   Scudder  served  with  rare  devotion,  unre- 


THE    MINISTRY  489 

mitting  zeal  and  splendid  courage.  To  him  was  given  the  privilege  to  wit- 
ness the  growth  of  the  Arcot  Christian  community  from  a  few  score  to 
nearly  ten  thousand.  By  his  evangelistic  labors  and  later  by  his  educational 
training  of  the  future  native  leaders,  he  was  largeh-  the  cause  of  this  devel- 
opment.— Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  191 1,  263. 

PuBLicwTioxs :  Translation  from  the  Tamil  into  English  of  Rev.  H.  M. 
Scudder's  "Spiritual  Teaching."  Madras,  1870;  also  of  his  "Bazaar  Book"; 
13  Tracts. — "Hist.  Sketch  of  the  Arcot  ^lission."  In  "Manual  of  Mis- 
sions."— Was  also  a  member  of  committee  for  revision  of  Tamil  transla- 
tion of  the  Bible. — "Critical  Commentary  of  Gospel  of  Matthew,"  in  Tamil. 
— "A  System  of  didactic  Theology,"  in  Tamil,  pp.  700. — "Commentary  on 
Epistle  to  the  Romans,"  in  Tamil,  pp.  800. — Translation  of  "Westminster 
Shorter  Catechism,"  in  Tamil. 

Scudder,  John,  b.  at  Freehold,  N.J.,  Sept.  3,   1793;    C.N.J.   181 1,  Coll.  of 

Physicians  and  Surgeons,  N.Y.C.,  1815;    practicing  medicine  in  N.Y.C. 

15-19;    voyage  to   India,  under  A. B.C. P.M.    (sailing   from   Boston  and 

arriving  at  Tillipally)  ;    labored  as  a  minister  and  physician  in  Ceylon, 

Feb.  20-May.  21  ;    ordained  May  15,  21,  in  a  Wesleyan  Chapel  at  Jaff- 

napalam,  by  Congregationalists,  Baptists,  and  Methodists.     Pandeteripo, 

Ceylon,  21-36,  Madras,  36-41,  the  Niligiri  Hills,  41-2,  in  America,  42-6, 

Madura,  46-8,   Madras.  48-54.  voyage  to  the   Cape  of   Good   Hope,   54, 

died  at  W\'nberg,  South  Africa,  Jan.  13,  1855.     M.D. 

He  was  a  grandson  of  the  illustrious  New  Jersey  patriot,  Col.  Nathaniel 

Scudder,   who   represented    his    State    in    the    Second   Continental    Congress 

and  who  was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Articles  of  Confederation,  and  who 

lost  his  life  while  leading  his  regiment  at  the  battle  of  Monmouth. 

Dr.  John  Scudder  chose  the  medical  profession,  and  studied  with  Dr. 
Samuel  Forman,  of  Freehold,  N.J.  He  afterward  settled  in  New  York, 
where  he  had  previously  been  house-surgeon  of  the  City  Hospital.  He  had 
united  with  the  old  Tennant  Presbyterian  Church  in  Freehold,  Oct.  13, 
1810,  under  the  ministry  of  Rev.  John  Woodhull.  and  now  transferred  his 
relations  to  Father  Bork's  church  in  Franklin  Street.  He  became  at  once 
an  -active  member,  laboring  assiduousl}-  in  various  ways  for  the  cause  of 
Christ.  Long  was  his  earnestness  of  spirit  and  fidelity  to  his  Master  re- 
membered by  that  people.  He  was  prominent  in  originating  prayer-meet- 
ings, kindly  exhorting  in  private  intercourse,  and  lending  his  influence  to 
every  plan  of  doing  good.  While  here,  engaged  in  his  profession,  the  claims 
of  the  heathen  were  brought  vividly  before  his  mind  in  a  peculiar  manner. 
In  professional  attendance  on  a  lady,  while  in  the  ante-room,  he  took  up  a 
tract  whose  title  was,  "The  Conversion  of  the  World ;  or.  The  Claims  of 
Six  Hundred  Millions,  and  the  .Ability  and  Duty  of  the  Churches  Respect- 
ing Them."  This  ripened  convictions  often  felt  before,  and  he  resolved  to 
offer  his  services  to  the  .'\merican  Board,  and,  if  accepted,  at  once  prepare 
for  the  work.  He  had,  at  this  time,  an  extensive,  lucrative,  and  increasing 
practice. 

After  his  connection  with  the  Church,  he  passed  through  a  spiritual  con- 
flict of  no  ordinary  kind.  He  was  most  severely  tried.  Satan  seemed  to 
have  been  let  loose  upon  him.  Faith  and  its  foundations  seemed  gone  for- 
ever. He  was  in  an  agony  to  believe,  but  could  not.  He  doubted  of  all 
things,  yea,  even  of  his  own  existence.  Hope  died  within  him,  and  despair 
spread  her  pall  over  him.  Every  star  went  out  in  his  sky.  Satan  and  his 
legions  assailed  him  on  every  side.  While  the  storm  raged.  God  fastened 
him  to  the  Rock  of  .'\ges,  as  he  had  never  been  fastened  to  it  before.  As  the 
surge  was  sweeping  him  away,  grace  guided  it  near  the  cross,  of  which  he 
had  lost  sight,  and  he  got  a  death-grip  of  it.  which  nothing  ever  after  could 
loosen.  He  came  out  of  those  conflicts  like  gold  out  of  the  fire.  He  began 
with  calm  joy  to  climb  the  Delectable  Mountains,  and  from  that  time  he 
dwelt  mostly  on  their  happy  summits.  These  trials  eminently  prepared  him 
to  encounter  the  difficulties  of  the  newly-developing  missionary  work.     He 


490  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

was  to  meet  none  so  great  as  those  he  had  already  overcome,  and  he  was 
thrust  forth  a  well -equipped  and  experienced  warrior,  to  carry  the  battle 
with  an  intrepid  spirit  into  the  heart  of  Satan's  territories — even  to  the 
grim  frowning  walls  of  one  of  his  oldest  and  strongest  fortresses,  Hindoo- 
stan.     God  thus  prepared  him,  and  then  he  called  him  to  the  mission  field. 

Mr.  Newell  had  begun  a  mission  in  Ceylon  in  1812,  and  in  1816  five  new 
missionaries  joined  him,  namely.  Meigs,  Richards.  Warren,  Bardwell,  and 
Poor.  But  in  two  years,  through  death  and  sickness  compelling  a  change  of 
climate,  Messrs.  Poor  and  Meigs  were  left  the  only  missionaries  on  the 
island.  In  June,  1819,  Messrs.  Winslow,  Spaulding,  Woodward,  and  Scud- 
der  were  sent  to  re-enforce  them.  They  went  by  the  way  of  Calcutta,  and 
■were  at  their  station  in  February.  1820.  In  1822,  the  plan  of  a  college  was 
drawn  up,  and  soon  put  in  successful  operation.  Early  in  1824  a  general 
revival  was  enjoyed.  The  success  of  the  Ceylon  Mission  was  wonderful. 
(See  the  "Cyclopedia  of  Missions").  In  1836  it  was  thought  advisable  to 
establish  a  printing-press  at  Madras,  to  issue  the  Scriptures  and  tracts  in 
the  Tamil  language.  To  accomplish  this,  a  mission  was  started  there  under 
the  care  of  Messrs.  Winslow  and  Scudder.  The  latter  took  up  his  residence 
at  Chintadrepettah.  The  establishing  of  a  press  was  consummated  under 
unusually  favorable  circumstances,  a  large  printing  establishment,  fully 
•equipped,  of  the  Church  Missionary  Society  falling  into  their  possession  in 
1838.  The  first  year  they  printed  6,ooo,ooc  of  pages  of  Scripture  and  tracts, 
increasing  the  number  in  subsequent  years.  The  missionaries  itinerated  far 
into  the  interior,  scattering  the  truth,  and  several  regular  preaching  sta- 
tions were  soon  established.  These  were  the  germs  of  the  Arcot  Mission. 
It  was  received  under  the  American  Board  in  1852. 

Dr.  Scudder  had  a  strong  mind.  He  was  a  vigorous,  able  thinker.  He 
thought  out  his  conclusions  in  straight  lines  of  his  own,  knowing  nothing 
of  circuitous  approaches. 

He  had  great  decision  of  character,  was  capable  of  great  endurance  and 
bore  extreme  pain  without  flinching.  He  was  both  stern  and  tender,  decided 
in  his  views  but  liberal  toward  others.  He  was  a  man  of  but  few  books  but 
supremely  of  one  book.  He  also  endeavored  to  speak  to  those  about  him 
of  their  soul's  salvation  and  in  this  personal  ministry  his  tact  and  success 
were  wonderful.    He  said  he  desired  to  be  one  of  the  inner  circle  about  Jesus. 

He  was  never  disheartened.  When  asked  in  America.  "What  are  the 
discouragements  of  the  missionary  work?"  he  answered.  "I  do  not  know  the 
word.  I  long  ago  erased  it  from  my  vocabulary."  Here  was  the  command. 
"Preach  the  gospel  to  every  creature."  Here  likewise  vvas  the  promise, 
"My  word  shall  not  return  unto  me  void."  These  furnished  him  with  im- 
movable foundations. 

Almost  every  large  town  in  the  south-eastern  part  of  Hindoostan  heard 
the  gospel  from  his  lips.  His  tours  were  many  and  extensive.  He  once 
stood  eleven  consecutive  hours,  when  on  a  tour,  at  his  post.  He  did  not 
stop  even  to  eat,  but  had  coffee  brought  to  him.  It  was  his  habit  when  thus 
standing  to  lean  on  his  left  arm.  and  it  was  supposed  by  his  medical  advisers 
that  this  was  the  cause  of  its  becoming  paralyzed.  When  he  left  India 
to  visit  America,  it  hung  motionless  by  his  side.  He  recovered  its  use  on 
the  voyage.  After  he  had  become  unable  to  itinerate,  he  preach  twice 
daily,  in  Madras,  only  excepting  Friday  morning,  his  fast  day.  When  he 
heard  that  his  son  Samuel,  whom  he  expectly  shortly  to  join  him,  was 
dead,  he  resolved  to  make  up  Samuel's  loss  by  extra  work,  especially  since 
so  few  missionaries  came  to  India.  This  excessive  labor  soon  brought  on 
liis  first  serious  illness.  He  subsequently  preached  twice  daily,  but  his  fail- 
ing strength  soon  compelled  him  to  lessen  his  labors,  and  ultimately  to  take 
a  voyage  to  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  voyage  and  change  seemed 
greatly  to  benefit  him.  He  endeared  himself  to  the  colonists  there  by  fre- 
quent services.  He  had  taken  passage,  and  was  on  the  eve  of  embarking 
again    for   India,   when   he   was   suddenly   stricken   down   by   apoplexy   and 


THE    MINISTRY  49; 

•died. — Extracts  from  a  letter  of  Rev.  Dr.  H.  M.  Scudder.  This  letter  is 
given  with  much  more  fullness  in  in  the  Manual  of  1H79.  See  "Life  of  Dr. 
John  Scudder."  hy  Rev.  Dr.  Waterbury.  "Spraguc's  Annals."  "Cyclo- 
pedias of  Missions."     Also  Manual,  igoj. 

PiHi.KATio.N.s  :  "A  \'oice  from  the  East";  being  a  series  of  letters  to 
the  children  of  R.D.C.— "Grandpapa's  Talk  with  Little  Mary."  2  vols. 
i8mo.--"The  Redeemer's  Last  Command." — "The  Harvest  Perishing." — 
"An  Appeal  to  Christian  Mothers,  in  Behalf  of  the  Heathen,"  1844.  Pubd. 
by  Tract  Soc. — "Knocking  at  the  Door." — "Passing  over  Jordan."  1841. — 
Letters  to  Children  on  Missionary  Subjects. — Communications  of  Dr. 
Scudder,  scattered  through  thirty-five  volumes  of  the  "Missionary  Herald." 
1820-55. — "An  Karne.-t  Appeal  to  Physicians,"  1832. — Letters  in  "Christian 
Intelhgencer." — "Tales  About  the  Heathen." — "Journal"  (in  part)  and  some 
letters  in  "W'aterbury's  Memoir  of." 

Scudder's  Letters  to  Ministers  of  R.D.C.  in  the  U.S.,  and  to  the  Society 
of  Inquiry  in  New  Brunswick,  1833,  were  published  in  pamphlet  form. 
These  letters  were  also  published  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  in  tlie  fall  of  1833.  See 
Nov.   10,   1833,  p.  64,   for  reference. 

Eor  sketch  of  his  mother,  Mrs.  Maria  Scudder.  see  "Ch.  Int.."  Jan.  20, 
1859.  She  died  Dec.  21,  1858,  in  the  90th  year  of  her  age.  An  oil  painting 
of  her  husband,  Joseph  Scudder.  was  in  possession  of  Mrs.  Andrews,  of 
Hudson.   N.  Y. 

There  is  an  excellent  account  of  the  Scudder  ancestry  in  Wicke's  History 
■of  Medicine  in  New  Jersey,  p.  389. 

For  a  table  of  relationships  of  the  Reformed  Church  Missionary  branch 
of  the  Scudder  family,  see  Manual,   1902,  720-1. 

Scudder,  John,  M.D.  (s.  of  John  Scudder).  b.  at  Chavagaclierrv,  in  Cevlon. 
Oct.  29.  1835;  R.C.  -57,  N.B.S.  60,  lie.  and  ord.  CI.  N.Y.,  May,  60. 
Missionary  in  India  1861-1900,  d.  May  23.  M.D.,  L.I.C.,  i860.  D.D., 
R.C,   1896.     \'ice  Pres.  Gen.  Syn.,   1897. 

Through  a  period  of  riearly  forty  years,  he  labored  with  great  fidelity. 
Besides  the  several  stations  which  he  occupied,  he,  for  a  long  time  .officiated 
also  as  Mission  Secretary  and  Treasurer.  Few  missionaries  have  been  hon- 
ored with  responsibilities  as  varied  and  important. 

He  chose  and  was  content  to  be  "only  a  village  missionary."  Other 
duties  were  assigned  him.  as  already  mentioned.  He  also  had  charge  of 
the  building  of  the  Church  and  Mission  House  at  Tindivanam,  and  for 
three  years  of  the  Ranipettai  Hospital,  during  which  he  opened  the  Lying- 
in-ward.  He  administered  large  sums  during  the  great  famine  of  1876-78: 
but  during  all  his  long  service,  ])reaching  to  the  heathen  and  "the  care  of 
the  Churches"  were  pre-eminently  iiis  chosen  work.  A  fearless  preacher, 
he  proclaimed  the  law  in  its  full  breadth,  but  he  also  presented  the  Gospel 
with  a  tenderness  that  moved  his  Tamil  audience  to  tears.  In  evangelistic 
fervor  and  pastoral  faithfulness,  in  short,  in  all  that  makes  a  successful 
missionary  on   the   field,   none   have   surpassed   and    few   have   equaled   him. 

See  Manual.  1902. 
Scudder,  Joseph  (s.  of  John  Scudder),  b.  July  14,  1826;  R.C.  1848.  N.B.S. 
51.  1.  CI.  N.Y.  Missionary  in  India  1853-1859.  Chaplain  in  Union 
army.  61.  Chaplain  at  Fort  Columbus.  Governor's  Island.  61-3.  Sec. 
Am.  and  For.  Ch.  L'nion.  63-70.  in  service  of  Ref.  Ch.  Bd.  For.  Miss., 
Feb.  71-2.  Feb.;  Glenham,  72-5,  Upper  Red  Hook,  75-6,  d.  Nov.  21. 
M.D..  D.D..  by  U.C. 

He  shared  fully  in  the  enthusiasm  of  his  parents  and  brothers  in  the 
great  work  of  foreign  missions,  to  which  they  have  all  devoted  the  best  of 
their  lives.  He  was  ardent,  impulsive,  energetic,  and  industrious,  a  man 
of  feeling  and  a  man  of  action ;  and  above  all  "a  man  of  God."  His  im- 
paired health  was  a  constant  restraint  upon  a  spirit  that  panted  for  con- 
stant service,  and  only  a  strong  will,  with  God's  grace,  enabled  him  to  ac- 
complish much  of  what  he  did  in   long  years  of   feebleness.     Twenty-five 


492  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

years  in  the  ministry,  of  which  about  fifteen  were  spent  in  India,  and  much 
of  the  remainder  in  mission  labors  for  our  own  and  other  lands,  make  a 
record   which  will   long  bear  precious   fruits. 

Scudder,  Lewis  R.  (son  of  Wm.  W.  Scuddcr),  b.  Vellore,  India,  Dec.  22, 
1861  ;  C.N.J.  82,  Hartford  Theolog.  Sem.  85  ;  lie.  bv  Hartford  Assoc. 
84,  reed,  as  licentiate  by  CI.  of  N.Y.  85;    Med.  Deptmt.  of  U.N.Y.  88; 

missionary  to  Arcot,  India,  1888 

Scudder,  Lewis  W.,  b.  South  India,  June  13,  1874.  Oakdale,  Neb.,  Omaha 
Sem.  1896,  1.  by  Pres.  of  Omaha  1895.  Home  Missionary  work,  Pres- 
byterian,   1896-1908,   Thomas,    Okl.,    1908-12,   Home   Missionary   Work, 

Presbyterian    1912 .      Iroquis,    N.Y. 

Scudder,  Samuel  D.  (s.  of  J.  Scudder),  b.  in  Ceylon,  1827;    R.C.  47,  N.B.S. 

d.  Nov.  14,  1849. 
Scudder,  Silas  D.  (s.  of  John  Scudder)  ;    b.  in  Ceylon,  Nov.  6,  1833;    R.C. 
56,  arrived  in  India,  Jan.  61;    went  as  a  physician;    lie.  CI.  Arcot,  62; 
Arnee,  62-3,  Palamanair,  63-5,  Coonoor,  64,   in  charge  of  the  Dispen- 
sary in  Arcot,   65-72,   in   Europe,  ^2,  in  America,  jt,,  died   Dec,    1877. 
ALD. 
The   prayers   of   his   parents   overcame   his    reluctance   and   he   became   a 
missionary  doctor.    He  always  remained  more  of  a  physician  than  a  minister. 
His   medical   work  was  very  great  and  very  beneficial  both   to  the   bodies 
and   souls   of   multitudes.     The   British   Government   highly  appreciated   his 
services.     Thirteen  years  of  the  most  arduous  labor  broke  his  constitution 
and  he  was  compelled  to  tetire. 

See   Manual,    1902. 
Scudder,  Walter  Tracev   (son  of  John   Scudder,   Tr.),  b.  Ranipettai,  India, 
April  8,   1869.     R.C.   1892,  N.B.S.  97,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;    Oyster  Bay,  97-9, 

missionary  to  India,   1899 

Scudder,  William  H.    (son  of  Jared  Scudder),  b.  Vellore,  India,  Feb.   10, 
1857.     R.C.   1878,  N.B.S.  82,  lie.  by  CI.  N.B.;    New  Durham,   1882-4, 
(Chicago,  Plymouth  Congregational,  1884-5,  Cong.,  Aurora,  111.,  1885-7, 
San    Francisco,    Plymouth    Con.,    1897-90,    Cong.,    ist.,    Norwich,    N.Y., 
1891-6,  Cong.,  1st,  Tacoma,  Wash.,  1896-9,  Barkeley,  Cal,  Park  Cong., 
1901-06,  Rio  Vista,  Cal..  ist  Cong.,  1906-10,  d.  May  26,  1911. 
Scudder,  Wm.  Waterbury   (s.  of  John  Scudder),  b.  at  Pandeteripo,  Ceylon, 
1823;    C.N.J.  41,  P.S.  45,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  Elizabeth,  N.J. ;    ord.  Presbt. 
Elizabeth,  N.J.,  July  14,  46.     Missionary  in  India,  1846-1872.     (Glaston- 
bury, Conn.,  1st  Cong.  Ch.,   1873-1884.     Missionary  in  India,  1885-1894, 
d.  March  4,  1895).     Prof,  in  Arcot  Sem.,  1889-1893. 
He,  with  his  brothers,  Henry  M.  and  Joseph,  established  the  Arcot  Mis- 
sion and  the  Classis  of  Arcot  in  1852. 

His  years  in  the  American  pastorate  were  fruitful  and  so  were  his  years 
of  ordinary  missionary  labor,  but  as  a  teacher  of  the  truth  he  stood  pre- 
eminent. 

See  Manual,  1902. 

PuBLiCATioxs:  His  wife,  Mrs.  William  W.  Scudder,  published  "Nine- 
teen Centuries  of  Missions,"  1899. 

Searle,    Edward   Van   Vechten    (son   of    Samuel    T.    Searle),    b.    Wvckofif, 
N.J.,  Oct.  20,  1869;    R.C.  91,  N.B.S.  94,  1.  CI.  Kingston;    Berea,  94-Dec. 
99,  Metuchen.  1900-1907,  d.  Feb.  11. 
He  came  of  worthy  stock  and  already  revealed  his  usefulness  when  God 
took  him  home.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1907,  915. 

Searle,  Jeremiah,  b.  at  Atkinson,  N.H..  Apr.  19,   1795;    Bowdoin  and  U.C. 

21,  studied  theology  under  Prof.  Andrew  Yates;    1.  Cong.  Assoc.  Ver- 

He  came  of  ministerial  stock,  each  generation  since  1692  having  at  least 

one  minister  in  it.     He  had  the  true  missionary  spirit  and  not  only  edified 

the  sheep  of  his  own  flock,  but  was  always  busy  seeking  in  highways  and 

hedges   for   the   lost.      Many  of   these   he' brought   to   the   Good    Shepherd. 

See  Manual,   1902. 


THE    MINISTRY  493 

Searle,  Jeremiah    (s.  of  Jer.   Scarlc),  b.   Coxsackic.    N.V.,   July    13.    1836. 

R.C.   1855,   N.B.S.  58.  1.  CI.   Monmouth;    Bloominghurgh,  58-62,   Chap. 

144th   Reg.   N.Y.S.X'.   62-3.   Ovster   Bay,   63-6.   Syracuse,   66-8,   Albany. 

3d,   68-71.   Peekskill.   71-3,    (Newburgh,    Presb.,    1873-1912,   d.   July   31. 

1912).     D.D.,  R.C  1907. 
Searle,  John  Preston   (s.  of  S.  T.  Searle),  b.  at  SchuylerviUe,  N.Y.,  Sept. 

12,  1854;    R.C.  75.  N.B.S.  78;    lie.  CI.  Passaic;    Gnggstown,   1878-80, 

Raritan,   ist.  81-93.   Prof,  of   Didactic  and   Polemic  Theology.   N.B.S. 

1893 .      President   of    Faculty.    1902 .      Trustee,    R.C,    1898 . 

Sec,    Trustees    of    R.C,    1906.      Pres.    Council    Ref.    and    Prcs.    Ch. 

Pres.  G.S.,  1917. 
Publications:  "Side  Lights  of  the  Advent";  a  sermon,  1881.— 'Wo- 
tnan's  Exaltation";  a  sermon,  1883.— "College  and  Seminary  Life  of  Rev. 
John  H.  Salisbury";  a  funeral  address,  1891.— "Love  for  the  Church"; 
Dedication  Sermon,  1892.— "The  Theological  Seminary  in  the  R.C. A.," 
1892. — "Our  Missionary  Opportunity  in  the  West";  address  before  the 
P.S.  of  'New  Brunswick,  1893.— "The  Source  of  Authority";  Inaugural 
address  as  Prof,  of  Theology,  1893.— "His  Chosen  Habitation";  dedication 
sermon,  1894. — "Nehushtan" ;  Sermon  in  final  service  in  old  church  build- 
ing. Raritan,  ist,  1895. — "Talbot  Wilson  Chambers";  in  "Presb.  and  Re- 
formed Review,"  with  reprint,  1896. — "Outline  Sketch  of  Theological 
Encyclopedia,"  1897. — "The  Death  of  President  McKinley" ;  a  sermon, 
1901. — Articles  on  Egyptian  Travel  and  Miscellaneous  Contributions  in 
^'Christian  Intelligencer"  and  local  papers.  Other  printed  sermons. 
Searle.   Robert  Wvckoff    (son  of    Rev.   J.   P.   Searle),  b.   New   Brunswick, 

N.J.,  May  24.'  1894,  R.C.   1915.      War  service.  N.B.S.    1921,  1.  by  CI. 

N.B.   1921.     N.Y.C,  Fort  Washington  Col.,  Ass.,   1921 

Searle,  Samuel  Tomb  (s.  of  Jer.  Searle),  b.  at  Salem,  N.Y.,  Feb.  24,  1825; 

U.C  45.  N.B.S.  48.  1.  CI.  of  Greene;    Tiossiock,  48-50,  Saratoga,  50-7, 

Leeds,  57-69.  Wyckoff,  69-88,  Hurley,  88-96,  d.  May  14,  1903. 
Mr.   Searle  was  a  man  pf   modest  disposition,   very   faithful   to   his  duty 
and    courageous    when    principles    were    involved.      See    Min.    Gen.    Syn., 
1903,  525. 

Publications:    "Address  before   Leeds   Debating  Club  on   Mental   Cul- 
ture;   in   "Catskill   Examiners."   Feb.  4.    1865. — Mission   Paper   read  before 
■Classis  of   Passaic,  in  "Mission  Record"  of  that  Classis,   1883. — Necrologi- 
cal   Reports   in   "Mints.   Gen.   Synod,"   1884-9. 
Searle.   Stephen    (s.  of  Jer.   Searle);    U.C.   1850.   N.B.S.   53,  1-   CI.   N.B.; 

Mamakating.    53-9,    Griggstown,    59-73.    Catsbaan,   74-1885,   d.    Jan.    15. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Sears,  Jacob  C,  b.  at  Montgomery,  N.Y.,  1798;    U.C.  21,  N.B.S.  24,  1.  CI. 

N.B.;    Miss,  to   Spring  Garden,   Philadelphia,  24,   Spring  Garden,   ist, 

(or   Philadelphia.   2d.   Eighth   St.).   25-33.    Six   Mile   Run,   33-1881,   d. 

Aug.   13.     Emeritus.  1878.     D.D. 
His  fidelity  to  his  office  was  remarkable.     He  grew  in  usefulness  and  in 
the  esteem  of  his  congregation  and  the  church  at  large  throughout  his  whole 
ministry. 

See    Manual,    1902. 
Sebestyen,  Endre.     S.S..  Chicago.  W.  Side  Hungarian,  1918. 
Sebring,  Arad  J.,  b.  at  Ovid.  N.Y..  Oct.  20,   1833;    R.C.   1859,  N.B.S.  62. 

1.   CI.   Geneva;    Mellenville.    1862-85,   Kaatsban.   1885-1916,   d.   Aug.   11. 
He  was  a  Christian  leader  on  both  sides  of  the  Hudson  for  more  than 
fifty    years.      See    Min.    Gen.    Syn.,    1917,    252. 

Publications:    Manv  articles  and  poems. 
Sebring.  Elbert  Nevius'.  b.  at  Ovid,  N.Y..  Sept.  22,  1836;    R.C.  62,  N.B.S. 

65,  1.  CI.  Geneva;    Ghent,  2d,  65-73,  Fairfield,  73-7,   Prattsville,  77-9; 

Middleburgh.  79-84.  Leeds  and  Athens,  2d,  84-1889.  d.  Oct.  12 
See  Manual,   1902. 
See,  Edwin  F.,  b.  Tarrytown.  N.Y.,  Jan.  29.  1861 ;    R.C.  80.  N.B.S.  S3.  1. 


494  THE   REFORMED  CHURCH    IN   AISIERICA 

CI.  Westchester;    Albany,  3d,  83-6,  Gen.   Sec.  Brooklyn  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
1886-1906,  d.   July    18. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1907,  917. 
Publications:    Papers  on  the  General  Secretaryship  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.; 

Northfield    College    Conference,    1887;     World's    Convention,    Amsterdam, 

Neths..    1891 — Compiler    of    Religious    Work    Prospectus    of    International 

Committee,  Y.   M.  C.   A.,   1898-1901. 

See,  Isaac  M.,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Feb.  13,  1829.     R.C.  1849,  N.B.S.  52,  1.  CI.  N.Y.; 
Middleburgh,  52-4,  Mt.  Vernon.  54-64,  Mt.   Pleasant,  50th  St.,  N.Y.C., 
64-7,    Miss,   to    Palisades,   68-72,    (Newark,    Presbyt.,    1872-8,    Indepen- 
dent), d.  Dec.  14,  1902. 
Publications:     "Rest    of    Faith."      1871. — "Zion    the    Sunny    Mount"; 

a  monthly.     1876. 

See,  John  Limburger.  b.  N.Y.C.,  May  20,   1822;    R.C.  41,  N.B.S.  44,  1.  CI. 
N.Y. ;    Teaching  in  N.B.  44-47;    Kiskatom,  47-50,  Unionville  and  Green- 
burgh.  50-54,  Miss,  in  Buffalo,  54-55,  Buffalo,  ist,  55-61,  Cor.  Sec.  Bd. 
Education.   1861-84.     Died  June   i,    1892.     D.D.  by   R.C.    1865. 
The  main  work  of  his  life  was  in  connection  with  the  Board  of  Education, 

of  which  he  was  a  model  secretary. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Publications:    "Reports  of  Bd.  Ed.,"  1861-84. — "Digest  of  Laws  of  Gen. 

Syn."     1869. 

See,  T.  J.     Dismissed  to  Cong.  Ch.,  1913. 

See,  Wm.  G.  Ely,  b.  in  N^Y.C,  Sept.  30,  1825;    R.C.  49,  N.B.S.  53,  1.  CI. 
N.B.;     North   Blenheim,   and   S.S.   at   Breakabin   and   Eminence,   53-59, 
Gilboa,  59-61,  Amity,  61-68,   Kiskatom,  68-73,   Plattekill,  73-84,   Stone 
House  Plains,  83-92;    d.  March  6,   1894. 
See   Manual.    1902. 

Seeber,  Safrenus,  b.  at  Sharon.  N.Y..  1811 ;  R.C.  43.  N.B.S.  46,  1.  CI.  Scho- 
harie;   Centreville,  46-9,   Mottville,  49-51,  d.     See  Manual  of    1879. 

Seely,  Amos  W..  b.  in  N.Y.C.,  1805;  U.C.  28,  P.S.  31;  Frankfort,  31-5, 
(Hillsdale.  N.Y.,  Presbt.  35-40),  Cicero,  40-4,  (New  Haven,  N.Y., 
46-6).  supplied  Salisbury,  46-55,  d.  1865,  Sept.  12.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Seeley,  Frank  Barrows,  b.  May  10.  1872,  at  Richfield  Springs,  N.Y.; 
Middlebury   Coll.,  Vt.  93.   U.S.  96.  lie.  by  Otsego   Presbvt.  95;     (S.S. 

Alargaretville,    N.Y.,   96-8).   Kingston,  .2d,    1898 .      S.S.    St.    Remy, 

1915.     Pres.   P.S.  N.Y.,   1918.     D.D.,  Middlebury  Col.,   1920. 

Seelye,  Edward  Eli.  b.  at  Lansingburgh.  N.Y.,  Sept.  24,  1819;    U.C.  39.  P.S. 
43,    (Stillwater.   N.Y..  44-51.   Sandy  Hill,  51-8),   Schenectady,   ist,  58- 
64.    d.    Aug.    10.      D.D.    by    U.C,    1859. 
See   Manual,    1902. 
Publications:    Bible  Emblems,  by  the  Am.  Tract  Society  posthumously. 

Seelye,  Julius  Hawley,  b.  Bethel.  Ct.,  Sept.  14,  1824;  A.C.  49,  Aub.  Seni. 
52;  Schenectady,  ist,  53-8,  Prof,  of  Mental  and  Moral  Philosophy  in 
Amherst  Coll..  58-72.  made  tour  around  the  world.  73-4.  In  Congress, 
75-77.  President  of  Amherst  College.  1877-1890.  D.D.  by  U.C,  1862. 
LL.D.  by  CC.  1876. 
For  an  account  of   his  visit  and   labors   in   India,   see   "Anderson's   Hist. 

Miss,  of   A.B.C.F.M.."  p.  221. 

Publications:    "Abridged  Transl.  of  Schwegler's  Hist,  of  Philosophy." 

1856.     "Dr.   Hickok's   Philosophy."     "Princeton   Rev."     1862.— "Our    Place 

in   History."     "Biblotheca   Sac,"  xxiii.  211.— "The   Bible   in   Our   Schools." 

"Bib.   Sac,"  xiii..   725.— "The  Way.   the   Truth,   and   the   Life."     "Lectures 

to    Educated    Hindoos,"    p.    146.      1873.— Christian    Missions,"    1875.— "The 

Relation   of   Learning  and  Religion,"    1877.— "A   Historv  of   Philosophy  in 

Epitome,"     1877.— "Moral     Science,"     1889.— "Duty,"     1891.— "Citizensihp," 

1894. — Sermons.  Addresses.  Reviews. 

Segawa.  Asashi.  Japanese,  Meiji  Gakuin  '79,  N.B.S.  1896-7.  Evangelist, 
South  Japan. 


THE   MINISTRY  495 

Seibert,   Francis   Augustus    (son   of   George  A.    Seibert),  b.    Havana,    111., 
Nov.  21,  1874;    R.C.  97,  N.B.S.  1900,  1.  CI.  N.B.   Ocean  Hill,  Brooklyn, 

N.Y.,   1900-1904,   Paskack    (Park  Ridge),   1904 

Seibert,  Geo.,  b.  Frankenfeklt,  Germany.  Jan.  24,  1839;  R.C.  62,  N.B.S. 
66.  lie.  CI.  Bergen;  Middletown  Village,  66-72,  S.S.  Havana,  111., 
72-81.  Scbraalcnburgh,  81-91,  Garfield,  N.  J.,  91-2,  d.  Ap.  30. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Seibert,  George  Gurnee  (son  of  G.  Seibert),  b.  Middletown,  N.J.,  Ap. 
10.  1867;  N.Y.U.  89.  N.B.S.  92.  1.  CI.  Bergen;  Garfield.  N.J.,  92-96, 
Helderberg,  N.Y.,   1896-1906,  Hageman,  N.Y.,   1906-11,  Owasco,  N.Y., 

1912-16,     Interlaken     (Farmer),     1916-1921,    Delmar,    N.Y.,     1921 . 

S.C.  CI  Montgomery,  1909-1921. 
Seiple,  Wm.  H.     M.E.  Ch.     S.S.,  High  Woods,  N.Y.,  1917,  S.S.,  Plattskill, 

N.Y.,  1917. 
Selden,  Calvin.     From  Royalton  Assoc,  Vt.,  1857;    Jersey  City,  3d,  1857. 
Selden,  Edward  G..  b.  Hadlyme,  Ct.,  June  9.  1847;    Y.C.  70,  And.  Sem.  73, 
lie.  by  Manchester  Council,  N.H.,  Dec.  16,  73;    (Manchester,  ist,  N.H.. 
73-85,   Springfield,   Mass.,    South  Cong.,   85-93),   Albany,   2d,    Madison 
Av.,   1 893- 1 904,  d.  June  2. 
He  was  a  man  of  power  in  the  pulpit  and  of  winning  personality  among 
his  people.     Min.   Gen.   Syn.,   1905,  284. 

Publications:  "In  the  Time  of  Paul." — "The  Story  of  the  Christian 
Centuries."  1902. 

Selyns,  Henricus,  b.  in  Amsterdam.  Neths..  1636;  matriculated  at  Leyden 
University.  March  19.  1657.  aged  21.  for  the  study  of  Theology.  Lie. 
by  CI.  of  Amsterdam.  Oct.  2,  1657;  ordained  by  the  same,  Feb.  16, 
1660.  His  call  is  dated  on  the  day  of  his  ordination.  Brooklyn,  Bush- 
w^yck  and  Gravesend.  1660-4,  returned  to  Holland;  (Waverveen,  Hol- 
land, 1660-82;  also  chaplain  in  the  armv,  1675)  ;  New  York,  1682-1701, 
d.  July. 
The  first  allusion  to  Domine  Selyns  in  the  "Mints,  of  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam."   is   the    following : 

"Rev.  Henricus  Selyns  asks  that  he  may  be  examined  preparatoir," 
(preparatorily  for  licensure).  This  was  granted  him  upon  his  praiseworthy 
credentials,  ecclesiastical  as  well  as  academic.  ("Mints.,"'  vol.  vi..  p.  74). 
The  examination  took  place  on  Oct.  2.   1657. 

He  was  the  most  eminent  of  the  ministers  who  had  yet  come  from  Hol- 
land. His  ancestors,  on  both  sides,  had  been  officers  in  the  Reformed 
Church  in  Holland  from  its  organization  a  century  before.  He  w'as  offici- 
ating as  a  proponent  (or  licentiate),  when  he  received  the  call  to  Brooklyn. 
Governor  Stuyvesant  was  in  the  north  effecting  some  Indian  treaties  when 
he  arrived,  and  together  with  Blom,  his  fellow-passenger,  they  followed  him 
to  Esopus  and  Fort  Orange,  to  present  their  letters.  He  w'as  presented  to 
his  congregation  by  two  officers  of  the  government — Nicasius  de  Sille  and 
Martin  Krigier — and  was  installed  September  3.  1660.  He  also  officiated 
on  Sabbath  afternoons  or  evenings  at  Governor  Stuyvesant's  Bouwerie 
(now  on  East  13th  Street),  especially  instructing  the  negroes.  He  also 
occasionally  jireachcd  for  the  Huguenots  on  Staten  Island.  His  charge 
extended  from  Waliahout  to  Gowanus.  He  once  came  in  collision  with  the 
magistrates,  who  attempted  to  override  his  ecclesiastical  prerogatives.  In 
a  respectful  letter,  he  declined  to  appear  before  them  or  acknowledge  their 
authority  in  such  matters.  He  sustained  himself  with  firmness,  dignity, 
and  force  of  reason,  and  his  arguments  prevailed.  He  married,  July  9, 
1662,  Machtelt  Specht,  a  young  lady  of  New  Utrecht;  and  if  we  may 
trust  his  own  description,  of  rare  beauty  and  worth.  He  subsequently 
married.  October  20,  1686.  Margaret  de  Reimer,  widow  of  Hon.  Cor- 
nelius Steenwyck.  He  had  engaged  himself  for  service  in  America  for 
only  four  years,  and  was  anxious  to  return,  as  he  said,  to  gladden  the 
eyes   of   his   aged   parents.      He    left   upon    the   arrival    of    Samuel    Mega- 


496 


THE  REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 


polensis,  a  short  time  before  the  surrender.  He  had  been  already 
greatly  useful,  and  was  highly  esteemed.  He  took  charge  of  a  small  con- 
gregation in  Holland,  whose  inhabitants  earned  their  living  by  gathering 
turf.  But  he  was  not  contented  with  his  position.  He  refused  a  call  to  New 
Amsterdam,  to  become  colleague  with  Drisius,  in  1670,  after  the  death  of 
the  elder  Megapolensis.  The  call  was  renewed  in  1682,  after  the  death  of 
Drisius  and  Van  Niewenhuysen.  and  was  then  accepted.  The  need  was 
pressing,  as  Van  Zuuren,  on  Long  Island,  was  the  only  minister  nearer 
than  Weekstein,  at  Kingston,  and  Schaats,  at  Albany.  He  was  received 
with  great  affection  and  joy.  He  preached  three" times  a  week,  and  cate- 
chized the  children  on  Sunday  evenings,  and  officiated  occasionally  at 
Bergen  and  Harlem. 

His  was  now  the  most  important  ecclesiastical  position  in  the  province. 
It  was  at  the  same  time  a  most  critical  period  for  the  Reformed  Church, 
and  the  greatest  wisdom  and  prudence  were  necessary  to  preserve  her 
privileges,  under  English  aggressions.  The  Dutch  were  only  tolerated, 
according  to  the  capitulation,  as  if  dessenters.  The  Governors  attempted 
to  exercise  arbitrary  powers,  but  the  people  resisted.  Domine  Selyns  was 
fully  alive  to  the  importance  of  the  subject,  and  was  rejoiced  at  the  arrival 
of  Governor  Dongan,  in  1683,  who  allowed  full  liberty  of  conscience.  An 
assembly  of  the  people  w'as  soon  called,  which  among  other  matters  estab- 
lished the  legal  position  of  the  denominations,  allowing  the  churches  to 
choose  their  own  ministers.  The  law  never  indeed  became  operative,  but 
it  increased  the  struggle  for  religious  freedom.  In  1689,  with  the  acces- 
sion of  William  and  IVLarx'  to  the  throne  of  England,  Leisler,  a  political 
adventurer,  supported  by  the  lower  orders,  seized  the  fort  and  the  public 
funds,  for  "the  preservation  of  the  Protestant  religion,"  as  he  declared, 
but  this  was  only  a  pretext  for  his  usurpation.  The  Dutch  clergy,  without 
exception,  opposed  his  prentensions,  and  when  Governor  Nicholson  fled, 
and  Leisler  possessed  the  government  de  facto,  they  still  continued  their 
opposition,  and  preached  against  his  authority.  This  excited  Leisler  bitterly 
against  them.     (Dellius,  Varick). 

But  Selyns  committed  no  overt  act,  so  that  he  w'as  able  to  remain  at  his 
post.  He  was  for  a  time  the  only  Dutch  minister  on  duty  in  the  province, 
3'et  he  was  in  close  communication  and  sympathy  with  the  leaders  of  the 
opposition,  and  was  constantly  watched.  His  house  was  searched,  and  his 
service  in  the  church  interrupted  by  Leisler  himself,  who  was  a  member, 
and  his  letters  to  Holland  were  intercepted.  Selyns  rejoiced  over  Leisler's 
downfall,  preaching  a  sermon  on  the  occasion  from  the  words  of  the 
Psalmist,  "I  had  fainted  unless  I  had  believed,  to  see  the  goodness  of  the 
Lord  in  the  land  of  the  living."  But  his  conduct  split  the  congregation,  and 
his  salary  was  withheld  by  a  part  of  them  for  several  years.  Leisler  him- 
self vvas  a  low,  illiterate  man,  and  the  same  classes  of  the  people  were 
his  friends.  He  was  executed  in  1691.  Leisler's  son  complained  to  King 
William,  but  without  effect.  The  queen,  however,  ordered  the  estates  to  be 
restored  to  their  families,  as  objects  of  her  Majesty's  mercy.  The  bodies 
also  of  Leisler  and  Melbourne,  by  direction  of  Bellomont,  were  exhumed, 
nine  years  after  burial,  and  after  lying  in  state  for  several  weeks,  were 
buried  with  great  pomp  under  the  Dutch  church  in  Garden  Street,  notwith- 
standing the  protests  of  the  Consistory. 

Selyn's  letters,  about  this  time,  refer  to  the  civil  difficulties  and  the  evils 
to  the  Church  incident  thereto.  He  says  that  he,  and  Domine  Varick  who 
endured  more  than  can  be  believed,  have  to  be  patient  of  necessity.  In 
1693,  during  the  administration  of  Fletcher,  the  city  had  become  unprece- 
dently  corrupt,  by  the  influx  of  freebooters  and  privateers,  who  made  it 
their  rendezvous,  with  the  Governor's  sanction.  Fletcher  also  procured  the 
same  year  an  act  to  provide  a  ministry  by  law,  thus  establishing  the  Episco- 
pal Church,  as  he  asserted.  The  dispute  was  really  between  the  Episcopalians 
and  the  Presbyterians;    yet.  whichever  side  prevailed,  the  Dutch  were  sure 


THE    MINISTRY  497 

to  suffer.  Selyns  was  not  satisfied  witli  the  legal  condition  of  the  Reformed 
Church.  Its  privileges  might  at  any  moment  he  withdrawn.  He  and  his 
Consistory  therefore  applied  for  a  charter,  which  was  the  first  church  char- 
ter issued  in  the  colony.  It  was  not  obtained,  however,  except  by  the  most 
persistent  and  determined  efforts  with  the  Governor.  It  is  dated  May  ii, 
1696.  This  charter  secured  to  the  church  of  New  York  its  independence. 
Besides  permitting  them  to  call  their  own  ministers,  to  hold  property,  etc., 
it  also  provided  for  a  compulsory  payment  of  church  rates  by  the  members. 
This  latter  provision  was  stricken  out  at  the  confirmation  of  the  charter  in 
1784.  It  may  also  be  worthy  of  remark  that  when  the  PZpiscopalians  called 
Mr.  Vesey,  a  Presbyterian  on  Long  Island,  as  the  first  rector  of  Trmity 
Church,  Selyns  assisted  in  the  installation  service,  which  was  performed  in 
the  Garden  Street  Church.  Selyns  now  felt  that  the  liberties  of  the  Dutch 
Church  were  secured.  He  had  labored  faithfully,  zealously,  and  success- 
fully. Amid  all  his  trials,  no  one  had  ventured  to  breathe  a  syllabic  against 
the  purity  of  his  life,  or  of  his  fidelity  to  the  spiritual  interests  of  his  con- 
gregation. He  was  sixty  years  old,  and  needed  help.  He  had  been  alone 
in  his  extensive  charge  during  his  whole  ministry,  although  Daille  had 
preached  in  the  French  Reformed  Church  from  1683-90,  and  Peiret  after 
him.  He  called  these  his  colleagues.  The  Consistory,  in  1698,  resolved  to 
call  a  Dutch  colleague,  as  their  new  charter  gave  them  this  right.  The  old 
party  of  the  friends  of  Leisler  were  opposed.  They  wished  a  minister  of 
their  own  party.  The  controversy  was  carried  to  Holland.  Mr.  Verdieren, 
whom  they  had  called,  declined.  Then  the  Classis  called  Rev.  Gualterus 
Du  Bois,  who  in  1699  entered  on  his  duties,  and  continued  for  more  than 
half  a  century. 

Selyns  was  truly  a  remarkable  man.  He  possessed  in  an  eminent  degree 
that  rare  combination  of  faculties  which  unites  the  zeal  of  the  preacher, 
seeking  the  salvation  of  souls,  with  the  prudence  of  the  presbyter,  looking 
after  the  temporalities  of  the  church.  He  was  most  systematic,  energetic, 
and  industrious  in  the  discharge  of  his  ministerial  and  pastoral  duties.  He 
was  the  chief  of  the  early  ministers  to  enlarge  the  usefulness  of  the  Church 
to  which  he  belonged,  and  to  secure  for  it  an  independent  and  permanent 
foundation  under  the  English  government.  He  died  in  his  sixty-fifth  year, 
universally  esteemed  for  his  talents  and  his  virtues.  In  all  his  letters  he 
shows  an  entirely  catholic  spirit,  speaking  kindly  of  other  denominations, 
and  rejoicing  in  their  success.  His  liberal  and  amiable  character  endeared 
him  to  all  around  him.  He  was  on  terms  of  friendship  with  the  heads  of 
government,  and  in  correspondence  with  distinguished  men  in  the  neighbor- 
ing colonies.  He  was  also  a  poet,  versifying  in  !)oth  Latin  and  Dutch. 
Cotton  Mather,  with  whom  he  corresponded  considerably,  remarks  of  him : 
"He  had  so  nimble  a  faculty  of  putting  his  devout  thoughts  into  verse, 
that  he  signalized  himself  by  the  greatest  frequency,  perhaps,  which  ever 
man  used,  of  sending  poems  to  all  persons,  in  all  places,  on  all  occasions; 
and  upon  this,  as  well  as  upon  greater  accounts,  w-as  a  David  unto  the 
flocks  of  our  Lord  in  the  wilderness." — "Magnalia,"  iii.  41.  See 
"Mints.  Ch.  N.Y.,"  Eng.  Transl.,  A.,  95,  96.  "Col.  Hist.,"  ii.  223; 
iii.  415,  588,  646;  iv.  219,  427,  523,  621.  "Doc.  Hist.,"  ii.  247;  iii. 
72.  "Smith's  N.Y.,"  76,  102-110.  "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  ii.  249,  277.  330; 
iii.  52.  (Another  H.  Selyns  writes  in  "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  ii.  52,  on  Incest,  and 
in  iii.  24,  117,  213,  on  the  Atonement;  also  iii.  337;  iv.  361).  "N.Y.  Gen. 
and  Biog.  Rec,"  vi.  143,  144,  156;  vii.  92,  145.  "Baird's  Daille."  91.  92. 
"Murphy,  Anthology  of  New  Neths."  All  the  documents  and  letters  re- 
lating to  him  are  to  be  found  in  Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y. 

Publications:  Poems  in  Dutch  and  Latin.  Several  of  these  have  been 
rendered  into  English  verse  by  Hon.  Henry  C.  Murphy,  and  published  in 
his  "Anthology  of  New  Netherlands." — A  Latin  Poem.  Oct.  16,  1697.  was 
prefixed  to  some  editions  of  "Mather's  Magnalia."  This,  Murphy  does  not 
give.     It  is  given  in  full  Latin  and  English  in  Manual.  1902,  pages  735-740- 


498  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

Senn,  Jacob,  b.  1776;  U.Pa.  1793  (?);  Hardwick,  Stillwater,  Sussextown 
and  Knowlton,  all  in  Sussex  Co.,  N.J.,  1795-1800;  Tohieken,  Spring- 
field and  Indianfield,  Pa.,  1800-18,  d.     See  "Harbaugh's  Lives,"  ii.,  406. 

Serven,   Isaac,   lie.  by   Seceders,   1828,   suspended,   1831. 

Serenbets,  Francis  M.  Ordained  as  a  Roman  priest,  at  Friburg,  1834,  c.  to 
America,  1846;  1.  CI.  Bergen,  1848;  Newark,  3d,  1848-9,  New  Bruns- 
wick, 3d,  1851-4,  w.  c.     Died . 

Service,  Wm.  A.  From  Pres.  Hopewell,  N.Y.,  191 1 -19.  Presbyterian 
1920. 

Seso,  Abdul  Ahad,  b.  Mardin,  Turkey,  Oct.  5,  1877.  American  Col.,  Mardin, 
Turkey,  1897,  N.B.S.  1906,  1.  by  CI.  N.B.  Ord.  by  CI.  Orange  1906. 
Kerhonkson,  N.Y.,  1906-11,  Berne  and  Beaverdam,  1911-19,  Wynantskill, 
N.Y.,   1919-1922.   1st  Ghent.  1922 

Severance,  Claude  Milton,  b.  Nov.  3,  1861,  Salisbury,  Vt.  Middleburg  Col. 
1883.  Y.D.  Sch.  1890,  1.  by  New  Haven  Ass.  of  Cong.  Chs.  (Missionary 
in  Japan,  1890-95,  Cleveland,  O.,  Denison  Ave.,  1896-99,  Baltimore,  2d, 
1899-1900.      Supplying   Congregational    Churches).      S.S.,    Long    Island 

City   (Sunny  Side),  1919 .     Page  in  House  of  Representatives,  Vt., 

when  13  years  old.    General  Sec.  N.Y.  Bible  Society.     Lecturer,  Bd.  of 
Education,  N.Y.C.     Not  Reformed. 
Publications  :    "The  Church  in  Our  Town" — manv  articles  for  the  press. 

Sewall,  Albert  Cole,  b.  in  Blue  Hill,  Me.,  March  25";  1845;  W.C.  67,  Aub. 
Sem.  70,  ord.  by  Presbyt.  of  Lyons,  N.Y.,  Oct.  13,  71;  (Newark,  N.J., 
70-3,  Williamstowm,  Mass.,  73-..);    Schenectady,  86-99.     Presbyterian 

1901 .     d.    1918. 

Publication  :    "Life  of  Prof.  Albert  Hopkins,"  1879. 

Seward,   Dwight  M.,  b.  at   Durham,   Ct.,   July  31,    1811;    Y.C.    1831.   New 

Haven  Div.  Sch.   1835:      (New  Britain,  Ct.,   1835-41,  Middlefield,   Ct., 

1841-3,   West   Hartford,    1843-9),   Yonkers,   1851-2;     Yonkers,   Presbyt. 

1852-70;    w.  c.     Died  Jan.   17,  1901. 

He  was  in  the  ministry  66  years.     In  Yale  College  he  had  for  classmates 

President  Porter  of  Yale,  and  Bishop  Clark  of  R.  I.     For  the  last  sixteen 

years  of  his  life  he  lived  at  South  Norwalk,  Ct.,  and  was  known  as  "The 

Bishop  of  the  Coast." 

Shafer,  Jesse  F.,  lie.  CI.  Orange,  1876;  (Audereid,  Carbon  Co.,  Pa., 
1877 ). 

Shafer.  Luman  J.,  b.  Richmondville,  N.Y.,  Nov.  21,  1887.    R.C.  1909,  N.B.S. 
1912,  1.  by  CI.  N.B.   1912.     Missionary  to  Japan.   1912.     Acting   Princi- 
pal Steele  Academy.     Acting  Home  Sec,  Bd.  F.M.,  1917-18. 
Publications:   Hist,  of  Society  of  Inquirv.    Articles  in  the  Int. 

Shafer,  Theodore,  b.  Cedar  Hill,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  Mar.  16,  1855;  R.C. 
79,  N.B.S.  82,  1.  CI.  Albanv;  Trinity,  Newark,  N.T.,  82-3,  Greenwich, 
(Union  Village),  N.Y..  83-5,  Schagticoke,  N.Y.,  86-9,  Hillsborough, 
N.J.,  1889-1904,  Manito,  111.,  1904-07.  (Cong.,  Trinidad,  Col.,  1907- 
.  09,  Kansas  City,  Kan.,  1909-10,  Tonganoxie,  Kan.,  1910-16).  Manito, 
111.    (Spring  Lake),   1916-21. 

Shafer,  Thomas  L.,  b.  in  Berne,  N.Y.,  Aug.  3,  1806;  1.  CI.  Schoharie,  1859; 
North  Blenheim,  59-61,  North  Blenheim  and  Breakabin,  61-7,  Sharon, 
71-4,  w.  c.     Died  April   10,   1887.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1887,  436. 

Shannon,  F.  F.  Presbyterian.  Brooklyn,  Church  on  the  Heights,  1914- 
19.  (Presbyterian,    1920.    Central    Church,    Chicago,    1920 ).       D.D. 

Sharpley,  Geo.,  b.  in  Eng. ;  Homerton  Coll.,  London ;  studied  theol.  under 
Rev.  Tas.  Bedell,  Manchester;  lie.  CI.  Montgomery,  1874;  Mapletown, 
74-1883.     Pella,  2d,    1887-92. 

Sharpley,  George  H.,  b.  England,  Dec.  17,  1864.  R.C.  88,  N.B.S.  88-9. 
Episcopalian. 

Shaul.     See  Schaul. 

Shaw,  Alex.,  b.  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  May  19,  1838;  High  School,  Perth, 
Scotland,  53-6;   U.S.  69;   lie.  Presb.  N.Y.  69;  ord.  CI.  Bergen,  69;  Miss. 


THE    MINISTRY  499 

at  West  End,  Jersey  City,  67-72.  at  Bethany  Chapel,  Brooklyn,  72-6, 
at  54th  St..  N.Y.C.,  Grace  Refd.  Ch.,  76-9,  Miss,  of  5th  av.  Prcsbyt.  Ch. 
(Dr.  John  Hall's)  in  King  St.,  N.Y.C.,  79-81,  S.S.  Guttenberg,  N.J., 
81-5,   Long   Island   City.    1885-1915. 

Shaw,  John  B..   from  Rutland  Assoc.  Vt..   1852;    Tiossiock,  52-9,  d.   1865. 

Shaw,  J.  Edward,  I).  Newark.  Del..  July  22,  1869.  Dickinson  Col.  1907. 
N.B.S.  1907.     Methodist  Episcopal. 

Shaw,  John  Fletcher,  b.  Ithaca,  N.Y.,  Nov.  13,  1844;  R.C.  1865,  N.B.S. 
68;  Athens.  Pa.,  68-70,  Walpack  Lower.  1870-7,  (Presb.,  Andover, 
N.J.,  78-81.  (Pres.,  North  Port.  L.I.,  82-5).  Hyde  Park,  N.Y.,  85-93, 
Schodack,  93-97.  (Pres.  Newfield,  N.Y.,  1898-1900,  Barre,  N.Y., 
1900-03.   Afton,    N.Y.,    1903 

Shaw.  Wm.  A.,  b.  New  Berlin,  N.Y.,  July  22,  1827;  Madison  University, 
N.Y. ;  N.B.S.  1859,  1.  CI.  Monmouth;  Marbletown,  59-60,  Wiltwyck 
Station,  Miss.  to.  60-4.  Wiltwyck,  64-72,  w.  c. ;  S.S.  Cold  Spring,  78-9, 
S.S.  Wiltwyck,  W.A.  1879-91,  w.  c.  Preparing  young  men  for  Theo- 
logical Seminary.     Died  Sept.  3,  1901.    Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1902,  209. 

Sheffer.  Homer  Lewis,  b.  Linlithgo.  N.Y..  April  23,  1890;  R.C.,  1913,  A.AL 
N.Y.  Univ.  1916,  N.B.S.  1916.  1.  by  CI.  N.B.  Port  Ewen.  N.Y.,  1916-17. 
Acting  Pastor,   Bogota,,   Bogart  Memorial,   1917-18,   Greenbush,  N.Y., 

1919-21,  Saugerties,  N.Y.,  1922 

PuBLic.'VTiox :    The   Social   Necessity  of    Segregating  the   Seriously   De- 
fective. 

Sheffield,   John    H.,  b.    1811;    U.N.Y'.   3y,   N.B.S.  40,   1.   CI.    Poughkeepsie, 
North  Hempstead,  43-6,  Miss,  to  the  West,  46-7,  Miss,  to  the  poor  and 
destitute    in    Indiana,    49,    died    1863. 
See   Manual.    1902. 

Shelland,  William  H.     S.S.  Columbia,  N.Y.,  1895-6. 

Shepard,  Chas.  J.,  b.  N.Y.C..  Jan.  21,  1827;  R.C.  50,  N.B.S.  53,  1.  CI.  N.Y.; 
Pompton  Plains,  53-8,  Linlithgow.  58-67.  Newtown.  67-91,  in  California, 
91-92.  Hasbrouck  Heights.  1893-1903,  d.  Oct.  6.  Pres.  Partic.  Synod 
N.Y..    1879;    of    Gen.    Syn.,    1887;     of    Partic.    Synod   of    N.B.,    1896; 

Member    Bd.    Dom.    Miss.,    1870-91,    Pres.    Bd.    Pub.    1896 .      Pres, 

Alumni  Assoc.  N.B.S.   1900-1.     D.D.  by  R.C,   1891. 
Dr.  Shepard  overcame  great  obstacles  to  enter  the  ministry,  but  he  never 

regretted  his  decision  and  the  fruit  of  his  labors  proved  his  call  from  God. 
The  experiences  of   his   life  developed  a   singular   symmetrical   character 

which   was   beautiful   in   the   sight  of   all.     Hence   he   was   not   only  useful 

but  singularly  happy   in  his   four  pastorates.     In  none  was  he  more  happy 

than   in   his   last,   the   pastorate   of   his   old   age.      He   died    in   his   harness. 

See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1904,  841. 

Shephard,  Robert  L.     S.S.  College  Point,  L.I.,  1901-07. 

Sherwood,  Nathan  M..  b.  Fishkill,  N.Y.,  Feb.  17.  1839;  N.B.S.  61-2,  U.S. 
62-4,  ord.  by  Prcsbyt.  of  Ct.  65;  (Patterson,  N.Y.,  65-8),  S.S.  Cold 
Spring.  68-9.  (Elmira,  N.Y.,  69-75,  Washingtonville.  N.Y.,  75-85.  Jer- 
sey City,  85-92).  S.S.  Linden.  N.J.,  1893-1904,  pastor  1904-05,  d.  Oct. 
14.   1908.     Min.  Gen.   Syn.,   1909,   535. 

Shield,  Frederick  K.,  b.  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  March  23,  1868.  Mission  House 
Col.,  Sheboygan,  Wis.,  1889.  Sec.  Y.  M.  C.  A..  1889-92.  N.B.S.  1895, 
1.  by  CI.  N.B.  Linlithgo,  1895-1902,  Rosendale  Plains,  1902-04.  New  Hur- 
lev,  1904-06,  Jersey  Citv,  Wavne  St.,  1906-C9,  Long  Branch,  1909-11, 
Highland  Park.  1911-18,  Y.  M.  C.  A.  War  Work,  1918,  Associate 
Pastor,    Bogota.    Bogart    Memorial,    1919 

Shield.  Frederick  K..  Jr.  (son  of  Rev.  F.  K.  Shield),  b.  Baltimore,  Md., 
March  5.  1893.  RC.  1915.  N.B.S.  1918,  1.  by  CI.  N.B.  Paterson, 
Church  of  the  Covenant,  Assi.stant,  1918-19,  Coxsackie,  N.Y.,  2d, 
1919 

Sliimcall,  Richard  C,  from  Rensselaerville  Bapt.  Assoc. ;  Miss,  in  Riving- 
ton  St.,  N.Y.C..  1S27-8,  Pompton,  1828-0,  New  Prospect,  1829-31, 
Presbvt.     Died  March  19,  1874.     "Mag.  R.'D.C,"  ii.,  282. 


500  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Publications  :  "Age  of  the  World,"  pp.  364.  1842. — "Hist  of  Prot.  Epis. 
Ch.,  1784-1844,"  in  "Rupp's  Hist,  of  Relig.  Denominations." — App.  to 
"Watt's  Script.  Hist."  1846. — "End  of  Prelacy."  8vo,  pp.  520.  1852. — 
Illuminated  Chart  of  Sacred  Hist.,  Chronology,  Geog.  and  Genealogy.  A 
Complete  Ecc.  Chart  from  the  Earliest  Records. — Sacred  Hist,  in  Questions 
and  Answers. — A  Treatise  on  Prayer. — "Our  Bible  Chronology,  Hist,  and 
Prophetic,"  pp.  234.  1859. — "Christ's  Second  Coming."  1864. — "Startling 
Facts :  N.Y.C.  the  Greatest  Mission  Field."  1864. — "The  Unseen  World." — 
Letter  to  Jas.  Lenox,  Esq.,  on  the  "Prophetic  Aspects  of  the  Times." 
1866. — "Prophetic  Career  and  Destiny  of  Napoleon  HL"  1866. — "Post- 
Millenarianism  Only  150  Years  Old."  1867. — "Distinction  between  the  last 
Personal  Antichrist,  and  the  many  Antichrists  of  Prophecy."  1868. 
Shipherd,    Theodore    M.      Presbyterian.      Coxsackie,     ist,    N.Y.,     1902-04. 

Congregational. 
Shook,  Herman  H.,  b.  Napanoch,  N.Y.,  Feb.  28,  1846;  lie.  by  N.  CI.  L.L, 
Nov.  12,  83.  ord.  by  N.  CI.  L.L,  Feb.  5,  1902;  S.S..at  Fairfield,  Oct.  84- 
Jan.,  85,  at  West  New  Hempstead,  Ap.-Sept.,  85,  at  Greenwood  Heights, 
May,  93-Ap.,  94,  at  Cold  Spring,  June,  95-July,  96,  at  Canajoharie,  Oct.- 
Dec,  97,  supplying  churches  almost  weekly  at  other  times ;  pastor.  Lo- 
cust Valley,  1902-1905.  A  lawyer,  d.  Aug.  11,  1916.  Min.  Gen.  Syn., 
1917,  252. 
Sickles,  Jacob,  b.  at  Tappan,  Jan.  24,  1772;  C.C.  1792,  studied  under  Froe- 
ligh  and  Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y.,  1794;  Schenectady,  assisting  Ronieyn, 
1794-7,  Coxsackie  :and  Coeymans,  1797-1801.  Kinderhook,  1801-35,  d. 
1845.  D.D.  by  R.C.,  1838.  See  Manual,  1902. 
Siegers,  Peter,  b.  Flushing,  Netherlands.  Feb.  23,  1865;  Gymnasium  of 
Middleberg,  Netherlands,  84;  W.S.  93,  1.  CI.  Holland;  Danforth,  111.. 
93-7,  Kalamazoo.  97-9,  Holland,  Mich.,  99-1900,  Prof,  of  Dutch  and 
Instructor  in  Latin  and  Greek.  Hope  College,  1900-1,  Sheboygan,  Wis., 
1900-19C9,  South  Blendon,  Mich..  1909-13.  Lafayette,  Ind.,  1913-17, 
Paterson,  N.J.  (Hoi.),  ist,  1917,  Roseland,  Minn,  1917-21,  Silver 
Creek,  Maple  Lake,  Minn.,  1921. 
Siemsen,  Dirk,  b.  June  25,  1868,  Greetsiel.  Germany.  German  University, 
Mission  House,  Shebovgan,  Wis..  189;.  1.  bv  Shebovgan  Classis,  Ref. 
Ch.  U.S.     (Odebolt,  la.,  Ref.  Ch.  U.S.^  i895-'i903.    Monroe,  S.D.,  1903- 

08,  Parkersburg,  la.,  1908 

Sietsema,  John,  b.  Coopersville,  Mich.,  Ap.  21,  1867;    H.C.  91,  W.S.  94,  lie. 
by  CI.   Grand   River;     Sheboygan.    (Hope   Ch.)    and   Sheboygan   Falls, 
94-8,    Sheboygan,    98-1900,    Ootsburg,    1900-1904,    Grand    Rapids,    8th, 
1904-11,   Chicago,  111.,  Gano,   1911-19,   Little  Falls,  N.J.,  2d,   1919 — — . 
Missionary  to  Dutch  Immigrants,  N.Y.,  1921. 
Sigafoos,  Orville  Lincoln,  b.  Upper  Black  Eddy,  Pa..  June  21,  1872;  Laf. 
Coll.   94,   U.S.   97,   ord.    CI.   Westchester;     Hastings-on-Hudson,    1897- 
1904,  Pompton  Plains,  N.J..  1904-10.  d.  Nov.  16,  191 1.    Ph.D..  Harriman 
.Col. 
A  young  man  who  had  already  accomplished  much,  cut  down  in  his  early 
prime.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn..  1912,  564. 

Sill,  Geo.  G.,  b.  1791,  Copperas,  (Brunswick).  111..  1841-9,  died  1859. 
Simanton.  Thomas  McCauley,  b.  April  24,  1872,  Vienna,  N.J.  L.F.  Col. 
1896,  P.S.  1899,  1.  by  Pres.  of  Newton  1899.  (Presbyterian,  Lower 
Valley,  Califon,  1899-1903).  Peapack,  N.J.,  1903-14.  (Presbyterian. 
Chester,  N.Y.,  1914-20,  Pleasantville,  N.J.,  192c ).  Pres.  of  Som- 
erset Co.  C.E.  of  Bernardsville  Ministerial  Ass. 
Simmons,  Fred,  b.  Dec.  8,  i860,  Saranac,  N.Y.  Troy  Conference  Acd. 
1884.   Drew   Sem.    1888,   1.   by   Newark   M.E.   Conference    1889.     ALE. 

pastorates.      S.S.,   Glen,    N.Y.,    1920 

Simms,  J.  Denton,  b.  Sulphur  Bluff,  Texas,  Aug.  16,  1888.  East  Texas 
Normal  College  1907.  Los  Angeles  Bible  Institute,  1.  by  Presbytery  of 
Dallas.      Jicarilla    Apache    Indian    Mission,    1914 


THE   MINISTRY  '501 

Simonson.  John,  b.  near  Somerville,  N.J.,  1817;    R.C.  42,  N.B.S.  45,  1.  CI. 
of  Philadelphia;    West  Farms,  45-51,  Bethlehem,  ist,  52-64,  Plainfield, 
(Central),  64-9,  West  Farms,  71-81,  \v.  c.     Died  May  11,  1889. 
Sec  Manual,   1902. 

Simpson,   A.   H.     S.S.,   Ccntrevillc,   Mich.,    1906-07. 

Simpson,  Wm.  Ewell,  b.  Philadelphia,  Feb.  10,  1877.  R.C.  1901,  N.B.S. 
1904,  1.  by  CI.  N.B.  South  Philadelphia,  1904-06,  West  Hurley  and 
Woodstock,  1906-10,  Cobleskill  and  Howe's  Cave,  1910-15,  Greenbush, 
N.Y.,  191 5-18,  Piermont,  1918-22,  Mahwah,  N.J.,  1922 

Sims,  Newell  LeRoy,  ord.  by  Ch.  of  the  Disciples.  U.T.S.  Greenville, 
N.Y.,   1912-14.     Congregational,   1914. 

Sinclair,   J.   H.,   from   Fourth   Presbyt.   N.Y. ;     Richmond,   S.I.,    1866-75. 

Sinclair,  William,  b.  May  10,  1874,  Pulteneytown,  Scotland.  P.  Univ. 
1904,  U.S.  1907  and  studied  in  P.S.  03-C4,  Hart.  Sem.  04-06,  1.  by 
Pres.  of  Brooklyn  1907.  ( Wolvendaal  Ref.  Dutch  Ch,  Colombo,  Cey- 
lon, 1907-11,  Ass.,  1st  Pres.  Ch.,  Yonkers,  1911-12).  Roxbury,  N.Y., 
Gould  Memorial,  1913-18.  (ist  Presbyterian,  Darien,  Noroton,  Conn., 
1918 ).  Pres.  Catskill  Clerical  Club,  1914-16.  Fellow  of  Am.  Geo- 
graphical See.   Delegate  of  Ref.  Ch.  in  Am.  to  Canadian  Pres.  Ch.,  1917. 

Sizoo,  Joseph  R.,  b.  Gorinchen,  Neth.,  Alay  15,  1884.  H.C.  1907,  N.B.S. 
1910,  1.  by  CI.  111.,  1910.     Missionary  to  India,  1910-11.     Walden,  N.Y., 

1911-17,  Somerville,  N.J.,  Raritan,  2d,  1917 .     Ex.  Com.  N.J.  State 

S.S.  Ass.    Trustee  and  Vice-Pres.  of  N.J.  C.E.  Union. 

Skellenger,  Daniel  W.,  b.  Chester,  N.J.,  Feb.  26,  1856.  R.C.  1882,  N.B.S. 
85,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Franklin,  N.J.,  1885-6.  Presbyterian.  D.D.,  Emporia 
Col.,   Kan.,    1907.      Highland    Univ.,   Kan.,    1907. 

Skillman,  Wm.  J.,  b.  Ten  Mile  Run,  N.J.;  R.C.  i860,  N.B.S.  63,  1.  CI. 
N.B.;  Macon  and  South  Macon,  63-8,  South  Bend,  68-72,  Bethlehem, 
ist,  72-83,  (Sioux  Falls,  S.D.,  83-4,  and  2d.  Flandeau,  S.D.,  84-86), 
Sioux  Falls,  86-93.  Philadelphia,  Talmage  Memorial,  94-6,  Editor  of 
'"City  and  State,"  Philadelphia,  1896-1901,  Philadelphia,  South,  1901-03, 
d.  Feb.  22,  1914.  Min.  (jen.  Syn.,  1914,  251. 
Publications  :    Many  articles  in  the  secular  and  religious  press.     Editor 

Sioux   Falls   Journal,   Citv   and    State. 

Skinner,  Thos.  Harvey,  b'  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Oct.  6,  1820;  U.N.Y.  40,  U.S. 
40-2,  A.S.  42-3,  U.S.  43,  ord.  Presbyt.  Newark,  Dec.  8,  1843;  (Paterson, 
N.J.,  43-6,  N.Y.C.,  46-55,  Honesdale,  Pa.,  56-9)  ;  Stapleton,  S.I.,  59-68; 
(Fort  Wayne,  Ind.,  68-71.  Cincinnati,  O.,  71-81,  Prof.  Did.  and  Polemic 
Theologv.  in  McCormick  Sem.,  Chicago,  1881-92),  d.  Jan.  4.  D.D.  by 
C.N.J.   1867. 

Slauson,  Hiram,  b.  Greenville,  N.Y.,  Dec.  5,  1810;  U.C.  Z"],  U.S.  40,  ord.  by 
Cong.,  Sept.  17,  1840;  (Whitehall,  N.Y.,  40-42);  Northumberland, 
43-53.  Port  Jervis,  53-57;  (Unionville,  Ct.,  Cong.,  57-58,  (S.S.)  E. 
Whitehall,  N.Y.,  58-62)  ;  New  Salem  and  Clarksville,  N.Y.,  62-66, 
S..S.  (Presb.),  Spencertown,  N.Y.,  66-69,  w.  c).  Died  Dec.  5,  1891.  See 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1892,  654. 
Publication  :    Hist.  Sermon  at  Port  Jervis. 

Slingerland,  Elbert,  b.  at  Albany,  N.Y.,  Dec.  2,  1800;  N.B.S.  24,  1.  CI.  N.B. ; 
Glenville,  ist.  24-33,  Chittenango,  33-4,  Westerlo,  34-6,  Waterford,  36-7, 
Wyantskill,  37-40.  Madison  and  Sun  Prairie,  44-6,  New  Hurley,  46-54, 
Mohawk,  55-6,  Glenville,  2d,  57-60,  Hagaman's  Mills,  60-2,  S.S.,  Mo- 
hawk, 65-6,  emeritus,  1870;  died  1875.  See  Manual  of  1879. 
PiHLiCATioNS :    Two   Scrmons  on   "Baptism."      1858. — "A   Charge   to   2d 

R.D.C.,  Glenville,  at  Install,  of  Rev.  Jas.  Murphv,  1827.     "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  i. 

304. 

Slocum.  Geo.  M.  Dallas,  b.  at  Schuylerville,  N.Y.,  Jan.  24,  1845;  U.C.  75, 
N.B.S.  78,  lie.  S.  CI.  L.I.,  Knox  and  Berne,  2d,  79-83,  (Cong.,  Gilman, 
la.,   1884). 

Sluyter,   Henry,   b.    Holland,    Mich.,   March    in,    1873.      H.C.    1899,   W.T.S. 


502  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

1899-1901,  N.B.S.  1902,  1.  by  CI.  G.R.  1902.  Berne  and  Beaverdani, 
1902-04,  Coxsackie,  ist,  1904-10,  Comanche  Mission,  Lawton,  Okl., 
1910-13.      (Pres.  Anchorage,  Ky.,   1913-15).     College  Point,  L.I.,   1915- 

20,  Paterson,  N.J.,  2d,  1920 .    Member  Bd.  D.M.,  and  Ex.  Com. 

Sluyter,  Richard,  b.  at  Nassau,  N.Y.,  1787;    N.B.S.  1815,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Clave- 

rack,  and  Hillsdale,  16-25,  Claverack,  25-42,  Claverack,  ist  and  2d,  42, 
Claverack,   ist,  43,  died.     Also  supplied  Ghent  for  seven  years. 
He  was  singularly  blessed  of  God  to  the  salvation  of  souls.     See  Man- 
ual, 1902. 

Smalz,  John  Henry.  Q.C.  1818,  N.B.S.  19,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  German  Reformed; 
d.   1861. 

Smart,  John  Gardner,  b.  Baltimore,  Md.,  Sept.  30,  1840;  Am.  C.  68,  P.S. 
71,  1.  Presbyt.  N.B.;  supplied  Presbyt.  Ch.  of  Schagticoke,  6  months; 
ord.  by  CI.  Saratoga,  ■/2,  Union  Village,  (Greenwich),  N.Y.,  72-81, 
traveled  in  the  Orient,  82,  (S.S.  Norwood,  Presb.,  83-5),  Schoharie, 
85-92.  Editor  and  publisher  of  "The  Washington  Co.  Post,"  Cam- 
bridge,   N.Y.,    1892 

Smidt,    H.    T.     Forreston,    111.,    1890-3,    Peoria,   94-5. 

Smit,  John,  b.  Drenthe,  Neth.,  March  2,  1842.  Kampen  Theo.  Sch.,  lie. 
CI.  Paramus,  1883;  Wortendyke,  83-6,  Pella,  3d,  86-91,  Luctor,  Kan., 
92-3,  Paterson,  People's  Park,  1893-1911,  d.  Oct.  25.  See  Min.  Gen. 
Syn.,   1912,  566. 

Smit,  Roelof.     Drenthe,   1851-3,  seceded. 

Smith,  Arthur  J.,  b.  Aug.   i,   1865,  Bury,  Canada,  an  evangelist;    entered 
R.C.A.  1892;    partial  course  N.B.S.  94-5;    w.  c.  92-6,   (Savannah,  Ga., 
1st,    1896-1899.      Supt.    Evangelistic    Com.,    N.Y.C.,    1908-11.      D.D., 
Harriman   Univ. 
Publication  :    "Without  Excuse." 

Smith,  Benjamin  Milton,  b.  New  York;  Alliance  College  1896;  ord.  by 
the  Christian  Church  1896.  (Christian,  Watertown  and  Stanfordville, 
N.Y.,  Cong.,  Pawtucket,  R.I.,  Cresskill,  N.J.,  Pres.,  May's  Landing, 
N.J.,  1916-18).  S.S.,  Highwood,  N.J.,  1918,  New  Hyde  Park,  N.Y., 
1920-21,  d.  Nov.  30. 
Publication  :    The  Bible  at  a  Glance. 

Smith,  Charles  Barnabas,  b.  Nov.  16,  1859,  Cooper's  Plains,  N.Y.  Corning 
Acd.  Adequate  private  study,  1.  by  Bapt.  Ch.  1880.  (Baptist,  East 
Troupsburg,  N.Y.,  Serman,  N.Y.,  Rushford,  N.Y.,  Smithport,  Pa., 
Warren,  Pa.,  Elizabeth,  Pa.,  ist,  Herkimer.  N.Y.,  1900-1904,  Orange, 
Mass.,  1904-06,  business,  1906-08,  Jordansville,  N.Y.,  1908-17,  Rhinebeck, 
N.Y.,   1917-19),   St.  John's  Ref.,   Upper  Red  Hook,   N.Y.,   S.S.,   1919- 

21,  pastor,   1921 

Smith,  Charles  W.,  b.  Fonda,  N.Y.,  July  29,  1883.  R.C.  1909-10,  N.B.S. 
1913,  1.  by  CI.   Montgomery   1913;    Lawyersville  and   Sharon,   1913-18, 

Hageman,  191 8 

Smith,  E.  E.     S.S..  Cicerco.  N.Y.,   1890-91. 

Smith,  Henry,  b.  Rifton  Glen.  N.Y.,  Sept.  18,  i860;  Oakwood  Sem.  81, 
studied  with  ministers,  privately;  lie.  by  Congregationalists.  (In  Cong, 
chs.,  81-96)  ;  Montrose,  96-8,  Cobles'kill,  98-1901,  Cicero,  1901-1902, 
Glen,  N.Y.,  1901-03,  Woodbourne  (Fallsburgh),  1916-18,  Port  Jervis, 
West  End,  1918-19. 
Smith,  John,  w.  c.   1849-78. 

Smith,  Marshall  B.  Epis.  Theolog.  Sem..  Va.,  1859 ;  ord.  a  deacon,  58,  a 
Presbyter,  59;  (Wilmington,  Del,  58-9,  Dover,  Del.,  59-60,  Passaic, 
N.J.,  60-8,  all  Episcopal)  ;  entered  R.C.A.  1869,  on  account  of  Roman- 
izing tendencies  in  Epis.  Ch. ;  Spring  Valley,  N.Y.,  69-70,  w.  c.  En- 
tered Ref.  Episcopal  Ch.,  1874.— Also  editor  of  "Prot.  Churchman." 
1867-9,  re-entered  R.C.A.  1882,  d.  Sept. 
Publications  :  "Thanksgiving  for  Victory."  1863. — "The  Wise  De- 
cision" :    A    Ser.   commem.  of    Edward   M.    Pell.      1864.— "The   Office  and 


THE    MINISTRY  5O3 

Duty  of  the  Church  of  God"  :  A  Scr.  at  the  Opening  of  the  83d  Annual 
Convention  of  the  Diocese  of  N.J.  1866. — "God's  Mightj'  Doings  for  the 
Nation."      1864. — Many   contributions   to   the   press. 

Smith,  Mortimer,  b.  Austerlitz.  N.Y.,  July  7.  1842;  U.C.  65;  U.T.S.  67, 
Lane  Th.  Sem.  68,  ord.  by  Cong.  Miami  Conf.  68;  (S.S.  at  the  follow- 
ing places:  Canfield,  O.,  70-1,  Wilton,  la..  72-4;  Pierce  City,  Mo., 
79-80,  Byron,  111.,  8c-2,  Shopiere,  Wis.,  83-5,  Bloomington,  Wis.,  85-7; 
also  U.S.  Gov.  Surveyor,  Dakota  Ter.,  75-6)  ;  Germantovvn,  N.Y., 
87-95,  w.  c.  Disappears  1905. 
Smith.  Nicholas  Everitt.  b.  Jamaica,  L.I.,  1820;  R.C.  41,  N.B.S.  45,  1.  CI. 
N.Y.;  Miss,  at  Port  Washington,  Mon.  Co.,  45-47,  Oyster  Bay,  47-52, 
Brooklyn,  Middle,  52-70,  Plaintield,  Central,  70-1.  (Plainfield.  Cong.), 
71-80.  Died  June  18,  1890. — See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1891, 
20. 
Smith,  Samuel,  studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  by  Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1789; 

Saratoga,    1789-1800;    also    Buskirk's    Bridge.    1792-1800,    (Presb.). 
Smith,   Thos.   Gibson,  b.   1756.   in    Scotland;    c.  to   America,    1774,   studied 
under  Mason,  lie.  by  Assoc.  Refd.  Presb.  Ch.  May  27,   1789;     (Little 
Britain    and    Shawangunk,    Assoc.    Ref.),    1791-9,    Kleyn    Esopus    and 
Bloomingdale.    1799-1801.    Kleyn    Esopus,    Bloomingdale    and    Hurley, 
1801-8.   Tarrytown.    1808-12.    Tarrytown,    (and   Greenburgh,    Presbyt.), 
12-20.  Tarrytown  and  Unionville.  20-37,  died  April  ic. 
He  identified  himself   with  the  party  of   libert\',   soon   after  he   came   to 
America,  and  took  some  active  part  in  the  war.     At  its  close  he  determined 
to  prepare  for  the  ministry,  in  which  he  labored  for  almost  half  a  century. 
He  was  strongly  attached  to  the  standards  of  his  Church,  and  gave  a  promi- 
nence to  them  in  his  preaching.     His  manner  was  discriminating,  and  rich 
in  evangelical  sentiment ;    it  was  also  eminently  experimental  and  practical. 
This  made  him  a  fa\orite  preacher  with  the  aged  and  experienced.     He  was 
favored   with   several    revivals.      His   body,    possessed   of    great   vigor   and 
strength,  was  the  type  of  his  mind. 

Smith.  T.  Moore.     S.S.,  \\'est  New  Hempstead.  1910-11. 
Smith.  William,  b.   Glasgow,   1840.     R.C.   1863,   N.B.S.  63-4,  Hudson,  80-5. 

Presbyterian,  d.   Feb.   23.   1892. 
Smith.  Wm.  H.     U.C.  1863;    Ephratah,  1865-8,  also  S.S.  at  Tillaborough, 

1868.      (Presbyt.,    1868-76).      Little   Falls.   N.J..    1876-8.      Died    1880. 

Smith,  William  Richmond,   (s.  of  Rev.  Robert  Smith),  b.  in  Lancaster  Co., 

Pa.,    1752;     C.N.J.    17..,    (Wilmington,    Del.,    1780-94),    Neshanic   and 

Harlingen,  1794-1817,  d.  1820.     Elected  a  trustee  of  Queen's  Coll.  1800. 

See  Manual.  1902. 

Smitz,  Bastian.     H.C.  1881,  N.B.S.  84.  lie.  Stone  Ridge.  84-5.  Constantine, 

Smock.  John  H..  b.  Freehold.  N.J..  Jan.  20.  1836:  R.C.  63,  N.B.S.  66.  1.  CI. 
Monmouth;  Oyster  Bay,  1866-71,  Readington.  1871-83,  Oyster  Bay  and 
Locust  Valley,  83-96,  S.S.,  Locust  Valley.  96-8.  w.  c.  d.  Jan.  7,  1903. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1903,  526. 

Smuller,  Henry  W.,  b.  in  Middletown,  Dauphin  Co.,  Pa.,  1808;  Oberlin 
Coll.,  studied  theology  in  Buffalo;  (Presbyt..  Alden,  Alexander  and 
Oakfield.  Genesee  Co..  N.Y..  18..-..);  Kingston,  2d,  1849-53;  (Pres- 
byterian, Kingston,  ist,  18..-..;  Carmel,  N.Y.,  18..-..;  Eastmouth, 
N.Y.,  18.. -73.     Died  Oct.  15.  1881. 

Smyth,  George  Hutchinson,  b.  Antrim  Co..  Ballymena,  Ireland.  March  20. 
1839;  U.N.Y.  62,  Allegheny  Sem.  and  P.S.  64.  ord.  by  Presbyt.  District 
of  Columbia.  Oct.  16.  64;  (Washington.  6th,  64-9.  Wilmington,  Del., 
69-72.  chaplain.  House  of  Refuge.  Randall's  Island,  N.Y'.C,  73-6), 
Harlem  Collegiate,  N.Y.C.,  81-91.  (Augustine.  Florida,  1891.  w.  c). 
Publications:    Contributions  to  "Magazine  of  Am.  Hist.";    to  the  "N. 

Y.  Observer."  "Ch.  Int.,"  "Evangelist,"  etc.     "Hist,  of  Ref.  Dutch  Ch.  of 

Harlem." 


504  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

Snyder,  Benjamin  Franklin,  b.  at  Saugerties,  N.Y.,  1826;    R.C.  46,  N.B.S. 
49,  1.  CI.  Ulster;    Bloomingdale,  50-2,  Miss,  at  Alt.  Vernon,  52-4,  Ar- 
cadia, 55-6,  Schodack,  56-68,  (S.S.  Presbyt.  Ch.,  Acra,  N.Y.,  69),  w.  c. 
Died  Ap.   14,   1889. 
He  was  a  preacher  of  more  than  ordinary  ability,  presenting  truth  in  a 

fresh  and  suggestive  style,  and  from  a  well-furnished  mind.     He  preached 

usually   and  acceptably  without  notes.     He   was   manly   and   sincere   in   his 

dealings  with  men,  genial  and  companionable,  and  made  warm  friends.     He 

was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  H.  R.  Ministerial  Association,  and  a  valued 

participant    in    its    meetings. — See    "Mints.    Gen.    Syn.,"    1889,    918. — "Biog. 

Notices  of  Grads.   R.C,"   1889,  22. 

Snyder,   DeWitt  C.     Huguenot,   S.I.,   1911-18,  d.    1919. 

Snyder,  George  Niver,  b.  Honesdale,  Pa.,  Mar.  2"/,  1844;  Ham.  Col.  68; 
U.T.S.  71  ;  ord.  CI.  Westchester,  Jan.  13,  1871 ;  Greenburgh,  71-2;  (S.S. 
White  Plains,  N.Y.,  1872,  d.  Nov.  2). 

Snyder,  G.  W.     See  Schneyder. 

Snyder,  Henry.  Miss,  to  Frankford  and  Schuyler,  (Herkimer  Co.,  N.Y.), 
1829-30,  Herkimer,  1831. 

Somer,  ■ .     Beaverdam,  1765-7. 

Sonnema,  Charles  J.  Raritan,  111.,  1889-92,  Centreville,  Mich.,  92-5,  Bush- 
nell,  95-7,  Pekin,  111.,  97-1900,  S.S.  at  Havana,  111.,  1900-1.  Presbyter- 
ian. 

Soper,  Willard  Philander,  b.  Verona,  N.Y.,  Aug.  14,  1882.  Ham.  Col. 
1904,  U.S.  1907,  1.  by  Pres.  Utica  1907.  (Pres.,  Assistant,  Central, 
Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  J907-09).  Castleton,  Emmanuel,  1909-14.  (Pres., 
Clinton,  N.J.,  1914-18).  Bergen,  N.J.,  ist,  1918-21.  (Pres.,  Stamford, 
Conn.,  1921^ ). 

Southard,  James  Lott,  b.  Newark,  N.J.,  Jan.   13,  1844;    R.C.  66,  N.B.S.  69. 
1.   S.  CI.   Bergen;    Woolcot,  69-81,   Buskirks-.  81-91,   Griggstown,   1891- 
1902,  w.  c.     d.  March  17,  1906.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1906. 
Publications:    Many  articles   for  the  press. 

Spaan,  Cornelius  H.,  b.  Pella,  la.,  Feb.  10,  1875.  H.C.  1899,  P.S.  1904,  1. 
by  CI.  Iowa.  Cordell,  Okl.,  1904-11,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  Grace, 
1912 .    S.C,  CI.  Mich. 

Spann,  M.  C.     Timmonsville,  S.C,  1903-11. 

Spaulding,  Arthur  (s.  of  Cyril  Spaulding),  b.  Athens,  N.Y.,  Nov.  18,  1866; 
R.C.  90,  U.S.  93,  1.  Presbyt.  N.Y. ;  Assistant,  Passaic,  ist,  94-6,  (Bain- 
bridge.   N.Y.,    Presb.,    1895-1905,    Salem,   N.Y.,    1905 

Spaulding,  Cyril,  b.  at  Westerlo,  N.Y.,  June  14.  1818;  R.C  41,  N.B.S.  46, 
1.  CI.  N.B.  New  Rhinebeck  and  Cobleskill,  46-49.  New  Rhinebeck,  49-52, 
Blooming  Grove,  52-56,  Rotterdam,  2d.  56-60.  Athens,  ist  and  2d,  60- 
66,  Athens,  ist,  66-68,  Shawangunk,  68-82,  Spotswood,  N.J.,  1883-90, 
emeritus.  Died  Aug.  9.  1896. 
See   Manual.    1902. 

Sperling,  Isaac,  b.  Kingston.  N.J..  Nov.  15,  i860;    R.C.  87-90,  N.B.S.  93.  1. 
CI.   N.B.    South  Branch,   1893-1917.  d.   Nov.  7. 
He  was  a  good  man  and   faithful   pastor.     Min.   Gen.   Syn.,   1918.  598. 
Publication  :    "Hist.  Discourse  at  Semi-Centen.,  South  Branch  Church." 

1900. 

Spinner.  John  P..  b.  at  Werbach.  Ger..  (Electorate  of  Mentz).  Jan.  18,  1768. 
Gym.  of  Bishopsheim;  University  of  Mentz,  1788;  studied  theology  in 
a  Roman  Catholic  Theolog.  Sem.  Consecrated  to  Holy  Orders  in  Rom. 
Cath.  Ch.,  1789;  became  a  Protestant.  1800.  Rec'd  into  Classis  of  Al- 
bany. 1801  ;  German  Flats  and  Herkimer.  1801-41.  German  Flats,  41- 
1848.  d.  May  2^. 
He  was  dedicated  to   the  office  of  the   Roman   Catholic  priesthood  when 

eleven   years   of  age.      Besides  the  ordinary   branches   of   mathematics,   the 

languages,  philosophy  and  theology,  he  was  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the 

law  and   medicine.     During   his   priesthood   in   Germany   he  assisted  at   the 


THE    MINISTRY  505 

funerals  of  two  Emperors,  viz.,  Joseph  II.  and  Leopold  II.  Soon  after  re- 
nouncing Romanism  he  married  Mary  Magdale  Fidelis  Boumanted,  of 
Laire.  This  was  in  1801.  He  left  Germany  for  America  on  May  12,  1801, 
and  was  sixty-three  days  on  the  passage.  While  a  pastor  for  more  than 
forty  years,  he  was  al.so,  at  the  same  time,  Professor  during  eighteen 
months  of  this  time  in  a  High  School  in  Utica.  He  preached  at  first  in 
German  altogether,  but  subsequently  alternated  German  and  English.  He 
was  the  father  of  Gen.  F.  E.  Spinner,  for  many  years  U.  S.  Treasurer. 
See  "College  and  School,"  Ap.  i8go — "The  Spinner  Number,"  for  sketch; 
with  sketch  also  of  Gen.  F.  E.  Spinner. 

Spoer.  Hans  H.,  b.  Crefield,  Germany.  Aug.  i,  1873.  Bloomfield  Acd. 
Dept.,  N.B.S.  1898,  1.  by  CI.  Paramus.  Wanted  to  go  to  a  Uni- 
tarian Association  in  Mass.  Licen.se  revoked  by  Classis  of  Paramus. 
Post-graduate  U.S.,  1899-1900,  1901-02,  Am.  Sch.  of  Archaeology 
and  Oriental  Research  of  Jerusalem,  1903-05,  1907-08.  Fellow  do. 
1904-05.  Lecturer  in  Hebrew,  etc.,  Meadville  Theo.  Sch.,  1905-06, 
Lecturer  in  Hebrew,  etc.,  Licefield  Theo.  College,  England,  1909-10. 
Ordained    in    Church    of    England,    191 1.      St.    Peter's    Collegiate    Ch., 

Wolverhampton.  Eng.,   1916 .     Ph.D.,  N.Y.  Univ.,  1909. 

PuBLic.\Tio.N"  :     Manual    of    Palestine    Arabic,    1909. 
Spring,   John   Christian,   b.   New    Philadelphia,    Ohio,    Nov.    11,    1882.      Mt. 
Union  Col.  1910,  Drew  Sem.  1913,  1.  by  North  East  Ohio  Conference 
190S.     Ord.  New  Jersey  Conference  1912.     (M.E.  pastorates,   1908-18). 

Schraalenburg.    Dumont,    N.J.,    1919 .    D.D.,    Franklin    Col.,    1917. 

Sproul,  Nathaniel  J.,  b.  Dufferin  Co.,  Ontario,  Canada.  Queens  Univ.,  King- 
ston, Canada,  P.  Univ.  1891,  P.S.  1893,  1.  by  Pres.  Monmouth  1893. 
(Pres..   Englishtown.   1893-99,   Dunellen,   1899-1903,   Quincy,   ist,   Mass., 

1903-08,  Newport,  R.I.,  1908-18).  Somerville,  N.J.,  ist,  Raritan,  1918 . 

Moderator,   Synod  of   New  England,    1917-18. 
Publications:     Presbyterianism   and    its    Contribution   to    Liberty,    1912. 
The  Headship  of  the  Church,  1907. 

Staats,  Bergen  Brokaw,  b.  Fair  Hill,  Md.,  Ap.  15,  1853;  R.C.  76,  N.B.S. 
79,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  West  Hurley,  79-82,  Coxsackie,  ist,  82-90,  Hclderberg, 
go-6.  Long  Branch,  1897-1905,  Wanaque.  N.J.,  1905-07,  Hasbrouck 
Heights,  N.J.,  1907-12.  (Pres.,  S.S.,  Starke,  Fla.,  1913,  Candler  and 
Hawthorne,   Fla.,    1913-17,    Pastor   Auburndale   and   Lake   Alfred,   Fla., 

1917-20,    Kennedvsville    and    Georgetown,    Md.,    1920 

Staats,   John   A.,   b.   at    Millstone,   N.J.,   Dec,    1816;     R.C.   3,6,   N.B.S.   40. 
1.  CI.  N.B.    Clintonville,  N.J.,  40-1,  Preakness.  43-61,  Blooming  Grove. 
61-6,  w.  c.    Died  at  Goshen,  N.Y.,  Feb.  3,   1891. 
See   Manual,   1902. 
Staehli,  John  b.  Zurich,  Switzerland,  Nov.  29,   1858.     N.B.S.   1883,  ord.  by 
CI.  Bergen,  83;    Jersey  City,  ist,  Ger.  Evang.  83-1891,  d.  Oct.  i,   1896. 
Stanbrough,   Rufus   M.,  b.   Montgomery,   N.Y.,   Sept.   29,   1832.     R.C.    1858, 
N.B.S.   61;     Manheim  and   Indian   Castle,    (Danube),   61-76,   Columbia, 
76-81.    Stone    Arabia,    81-5,    West    Hurley    and    Stewartsville,    85-1893, 
w.  c.     d.  June  21,   1905.     Min.  Gen.  Syn..   1906,  604. 
Stanton,    Royal    A.,    b.    Lawyersville,    N.Y.,    Sept.    13.    1886.      In    CI.    1913, 
R.C.  W.T.S.   1914,   1.  by  CI.   Schoharie.     Ephratah  and   Stone   Arabia, 

J914-20,  Johnstown,   N.Y.,   1920 

Publication. s :  The  Minister  and  the  Press.  Articles  in  Int. 
Staplekamp,  Evert  W..  b.  Cedar  Grove.  Wis..  Sept.  21,  1858;  H.C.  83. 
N.B.S.  86,  1.  CI.  Grand  River;  Grand  Haven.  2d.  86-8,  Cedar  Grove, 
Wis..  88-94.  Kalamazoo,  ist.  1894-1901.  Orange  City,  ist,  1901-07.  d. 
1908.  June  24.  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1909,  535. 
Starks,  Jared  L.  Bowman's  Creek,  (now  Buel),  1840-12.  S.S..  Columbia 
and  Mohawk,  42-3.  Mohawk  and  German  Flats,  and  S.S.,  Frankford, 
43-4.  Mohawk  and  Frankfort,  44-6,  Mohawk.  46-52,  Fort  Herkimer, 
S.S.,  48-53,  \v.   c.   Fort   Herkimer,    1861-2,  d. 


506  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Statesir,  Benj.  Tilton,  b.  in  Monmouth  Co.,  N.J.,  Dec.  2,  1841  ;  R.C.  1862, 
N.B.S.  1865,  1.  CI.  Monmouth;  Stone  House  Plains,  65-72,  West  New 
Hempstead,  72-81,  Principal  of  Grammar  School,  Somerville,  N.J.,  81-8, 
Fallsburgh,  Jan.,   1889-1915. 

.Stauffer,  Milton  Theobald,  b.  Easton,  Pa.,  Sept.  19,  1885.  P.  Univ.  1910, 
U.S.  1913,  1.  by  CI.  Newark.  Franklin,  Nutley,  N.J.,  1912-14.  Honor- 
ary Missionary,  R.C. A.  Survey  Sec.  China  Continuation  Committee. 
Publications:    Numerous  articles  on  China,  etc. 

Stebbins,  Jas.  U.C.  1842,  P.S.  45.  S.S.,  Fort  Miller,  46,  Presbyt.— See 
"Princeton  Gen.  Catalogue." 

Steele,  John,  b.  at  Somerville,  N.J.,  Sept.  22,  1827;  R.C.  45,  N.B.S.  48,  1.  CI. 
N.B.  Lebanon,  48-53,  Coxsackie,  2d,  53-8,  Union  Village.  58-65,  To- 
towa,   1st,  65-77,  Greenbush,  77-86.     Died  Jan.  17,  1889.     D.D.  bv  R.C. 

1873. 
Manual,  1902. 
Steele,  John  Beatty,  b.  at  Salem,  N.Y.,  1796;    Mid.  C.  1818,  Ass.  Ref.  Sem., 
(under  Mason),  22,  lie.  by  A.R.  Presbyt.  of   New  York,  22;    supplied 
Albany,   Middle,  23.  ord.  CI.   Albany,  24;    Boght,   24-33,   Middleburgh, 
33-8,   also    S.S.    Breakabin,   yj,    Helderbergh,    38-46;     supplied    Prince- 
town,   Ballston   Centre,   Presbyt.,  etc.,  46-50,   teaching  in   N.Y.C.,   50-3, 
Cortlandtown,  53-7 ;    supplied  Salem  Assoc.  Ref.,  Salem,  Presbyt.,  Wil- 
ford,   Presbyt.,  etc.,  57-73,  w.  c.     Died  Aug.   22,   1884. 
He    was    remarkably    successful    in    winning    souls.      He   was   a    man   of 
faith  and  of  intense  convictions.     Honesty  pervaded  his  thoughts  and  gave 
direction  to  his  life.     His*  mind,  solid  and  firm,  gave  shape  and  purpose  to 
his  sermons.     He  always  preached  to  reach  a  mark.     His  sermons  were  his 
tools  to  produce  certain  results.     Few  ministers  have  been  more  successful 
in  the  exact  design  of  the  ministerial  and  pastoral  office. 

Publications:  "Signs  of  the  Millennium":  A  Miss.  Ser.  1830. — "The 
Symbol  and  Word  of  Encouragement" :  A  Ser.  at  ord.  of  Rev.  R.  H.  Steele. 
1848. — "Sacred  Poetical  Paraphrases  and  Miscellaneous  Poems."  pp.  384, 
1863. 

Steele,  Richard  Holloway,   (s.  of  John  B.  Steele),  b.  in  Albany  Co.,  N.Y. ; 
R.C.  1844,  N.B.S.  47,  1.  CI.  Schenectady;  ord.  by  Presbyt.,  Albany,  Feb. 
48;     (Charlton,   47-50,   Ballston   Spa,    Presbyt.,   50-52),    Nassau,    52-63, 
New  Brunswick,  ist,  1863-80,  (Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  Presbvt.  80-8),  w.  c. 
Died  Ap.  5,   1900.     D.D.  by  R.C,   1867. 
The  prevailing  trait  in  his  character  was  faithfulness  to  duty.     He  was 
ever   burdened    with   a    sense    of    responsibility.      Nothing    could    turn    him 
aside   from  attending  to  his   Master's   business.     He   held   many   important 
charges ;    he  came  in  contact  with  many  strong  characters,  and  was  in  touch 
with  the  most  varied  relations  of  men  and  institutions.     In  all  these  rela- 
tions his  devotion  to  duty  was  his  conspicuous  trait. 

Publications  :    Manv  sermons  and  addresses.     See  Manual,  1902. 
Steele,  Wm.   H.,  b.   Albany,   N.Y.,  Feb.    18,    1818.     R.C.   1837,    N.B.S.  40, 
1..  CI.  N.B. ;    voyage  to  Borneo,  May-Sept.,  42,  Batavia,  42-3,  Karangan, 
43-9,  returned  to  America;    w.  c.    d.  Aug.  11,   1905.     D.D.  by  U.N.Y., 
1870.     Pres.  Bd.  F.M.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1906,  604. 
Publications:    Numerous   articles   in  the   "Christian   Intelligencer"   and 
"Gospel   Field." — "The   Manse  at   Nunnlyquett,"   "The   Old   Route  to   Mis- 
sions,"  "The   Borneo   Missions,"   were   three   series   in   the   "Gospel   Field," 
of    about    thirty    columns.      1871-2. — "The    Borneo    Mission."      In    "Man- 
ual of  Missions,  R.C. A." 

Steffens,    Cornelius    M.,   b H.C.    1892,   W.S.   95,    1.    CI.    Holland; 

Bushnell,  111.,  95-8,  Little  Falls,  N.Y.,  98-1901,  agent  of  the  "Ch.  Int.," 
1901-02.     Presbyterian. 
Steffens,    Nicholas    M.,    b.    Embden,    Neth.,    March    13,    1839.      Teacher   at 
Oldenburg,    1855.      Missionary,    Constantinople.    1858-62.      Theo.    Sch., 
Kampen,  Hoi.    Pastorate  in  Holland.     Silver  Creek.  111.  (Germany  Val- 


THE    MINISTRY  ;07 

ley).  1872-6.  N.Y.C..  Ave  B.  (Ger.).  1876.  German  Valley,  111..  1876-8, 
Zeeland.   Mich.,    ist.    1878-82,   Holland.    Mich.,    ist.    1883-4.    Prof.    Sys- 
tematic   and    Polemic    Theology.    W.T.S.,    1884-95     (Prof.    Systema'tic 
and    Polemic    Theology.    Pre.s.    T.S..    Dubuque.    la..    1895-8)."    Orange 
City.    la..    1st.    1898-1900.      (Prof.    Systematic   and    Polemic    Theology. 
Pres.    T.S.,    Dubuque,    la.,    1900-03).      W.T.S.,    Holland,    Mich.,    Pro"f. 
Historical  Theology,   1903-10,   Prof.   Systematic  and  Polemic  Theology. 
1910-12.  d.  July  24.     D.D. 
He  was  a  great  student,  a  fine  linguist  and  an  earnest  preacher.     But  his 
appropriate   place   was    the    Professor's   chair    which    he    tilled    with   great 
ability.     See  Min.   Gen.   Syn..   1913.  887. 

PuBLKATioNs  :^  NuiTierous  articles  in  the  press. 
Stegeman.   Abram,   b.   at   New   Groningen,    Mich..   Mav   4.    1857;     H.C.   80, 
N.B.S.  83.  1.  CI.  Holland;    Harrison,  S.D.,  83-92.  New  Holland.  92-1899^ 
d.  Feb.  19. 
His  record  at  college  was  one  of  spotless  purity.     In  his  charges  he  stead- 
ily grew  in  the  affections  of  his  people.     He  was  an  ideal,  faithful  disciple  of 
the  Cross.     He  loved  the  expository  method  of  preaching.     He  was  stricken 
with  apoplex\-  while  preaching,  and  in  two  hours  died. — "Mints.  Gen    Svn  " 
1899,  568. 

Stegeman,  Henry  Van  Evck.  b.  Harrison.  S.D..  March  8.  1890.     HC    191^ 
Teaching   P.P.   Acd..    1912-14.     W.T.S.    1917.   1.   by   CI.   Holland    1917. 
Missionary  to  Japan.  191 7 — — 
Publications:    Occasional  articles. 

Stegeman.  James  E.    H.C.  1918.  W.T.S.  1921.  1.  bv  CI. .   Lucas.  Mich.. 

1921 

Stegeman,  Mannes.  A.,  b.  Harrison.  S.D..  Oct.  2-,  1884.  H.C.  1907,  N.B  S 
1907-08.  W.T.S.  1908-10,  1.  by  CI.  Holland.  Springfield,  S.D.,  'imman- 
uel,    1910-14.    Cleveland,    O.,    2d    (Calvarv).    1914-19,    Overisel.    Mich 

1919 

Stegeman,  William,  (brother  of  Ab.  Stegeman),  b.  Aug.  19,  1865.  New 
Groningen.  Mich.;  H.C.  89,  N.B.S.  92.  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Grand  View.  S.D.. 
92-7.  Pella.  Neb.,  97-1900,  Springfield,  S-D.,  1900-04,  Sheldon,  la.,  1904- 
06,  Sandstone,  Minn.,  1906-14,  also  Freeland,  1906,  Silver  Creek,  Maple 

Lake,   1909,  Ireton,   la.,   1914-19,  Luctor,  1919 . 

Publication  :  "The  Divine  Rule  of  Giving." 
Stegenga,  Andrew,  b.  Holland.  Mich..  1881.  H.C.  1906,  W.T.S.  1909.  I. 
by  CI.  Holland  1909.  Clymer  Hill.  N.Y..  1909-11.  Rochester  (Brighton), 
N.Y..  1911-18.  Grand  Rapids.  Mich..  Calvary.  1918-19.  d.  Aug.  23.  See 
Min.  Gen.  Syn..  1920.  273. 
Stegenga,  Miner,  b.  North  Holland,  Mich.,  Feb.  23.  1893.  H.C.  1915 
N.B.   and   W.T.S.    1918,   1.   by   CI.   Holland.     Palmvra,    N.Y..    1918-19.' 

Grand   Rapids.    Mich..    Calvary.    1919 

Steiner,  W.  H.     Presbyterian.     Ellenville.  N.Y..   191C-14.     Presbyterian 
Stein fuhrer,    Chs.    Danl.    Fred.,    b.    Stargard.    Great    Duchy    of"  Mecklen- 
burg-Strelitz.  Germany,  Jan.  12,  1841  ;    U.C.  64.  N.B.S.  67,  1.  CI.  Schen- 
ectady;    Astoria.  2d.  (Ger.).  and  Newtown.   (Ger.).  67-73.  Astoria    ^d 

(Ger.).  1873 .     Member  Bd.  Publication.     Supt.  N.B.S.    DD     U  C 

1896. 
Publication  :     Assisted    Prof.    Taylor    Lewis    in   translation  of    Lange's 
Commentary  on  Genesis. 

Steininger.  George,  b.  N.Y.C..  July  6.  1888.     H.C.  1916.  N.B.S.  1919.  1.  bv 
CI.    N.Y.     Amsterdam.    N.Y..   Trinitv,    1919-1922.     P.G.    Union    Sem' 
N.Y.C.,   1922. 
Steins.  Frederick,   from   Ref.  Ch.  in   Prussia ;    Miss.   German.  2d    N  Y  C 

1849. 
Steketee.  John  B.,  b.  Holland,  Mich..  Fel).  11.  1877.     H.C.  1898.  P.S.  1899- 
19^.0.  W.T.S.  1907.  1.  by  CI.  Holland.     Raritan.  111..  1909-1=;.  Clarksville 
and  New  Salem.  1915-18.  Flatbush.  Ulster  Co..  N.Y..  1918.  '^S.C.  and  T.. 
CI.  Ulster,  1919 


508  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Stephens,  George  H.,  b.  Plainfield,  NJ.,  Sept.  27,  1857;  R.C.  81,  N.B.S.  84, 
lie.  CI.  Raritan,  ord.  by  Presb.  of  Elizabeth;  (Springiield,  N.J.,  85-6, 
Flanders,  87-90,  Berwick,  Pa.,  90-8,  supplj'ing  Presbyt.  Chs.  in  Presbyt. 

of   N.B.    1898 ).     With  Presbyterian   Ministers"   Fund,    1904 

Stephenson,  William,  North  Hempstead,   1 800-1,   (N.Y.C.  Rutgers  Presbyt. 

Ch.). 
Sterenberg,  James,  b.   Fulton,   111.,   May  6,   1870.     H.C.    1893,   P.S.   1896,   I. 
by  Rock  River,  Pres.,  1897,  Orange  City,  la.,  Am.  Ref.,  1897-8.     A.M. 
Harvard,  1897.    Ph.D.,  Munich,  1907. 
Publication  :    The  Use  of  Conditional  Sentences  in  the  Alexandrian  Ver- 
sion of  Pentateuch,  March,  1907. 

Steuenberg,  John,  b.  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  Aug.  27,  1874.  H.C.  1901, 
W.T.S.  1904,  1.  by  CI.  G.R.  Jamestown,  Mich.,  2d,  1904-07,  Chicago, 
Bethany,    1907-12,    Kalamazoo,    ist,    1912-18,    Overisel,    Mich.,    1918-19, 

Orange  City,  la..  Trinity,   1919 

Stevens,  Chauncey  N.,  b.  South  Gilboa,  N.Y.,  Sept.  10,  1878.  High  School 
Teacher.     N.B.S.    1916,  1.  by  CI.   Schoharie   1916.     Marbletown,   Stone 

Ridge,  N.Y.,  1916-19,  Grand  Gorge  and  South  Gilboa,  N.Y.,  1919 . 

Supt.  Ulster  Co.,  S.S.,  Ass.,  1918-19. 
Stevenson,  James  B.,  b.  in  Salem,  N.Y.,  1798;    N.B.S.  1827,  1.  CI.  Washing- 
ton;   Miss,  to  Lysander,   Sparta,  and  Cato,  27-9,  Florida,   (Minaville), 
29-54,  Wynantskill,  54-64,  died  March  2. 
A  very  useful  minister  in  a  new  country.     See  Manual,  1902. 
Stewart.    See  Stuart. 

Stewart,  Abel  T.,  b.  at  Sbmerville,  N.J.,  Aug.  4,  1822;    R.C.  43,  N.B.S.  46, 
lie.  CI.  N.B. ;    Greenville,  46-50,  Greenville  and  Bronxville,  50-2,  Tarry- 
town,  1st,  52-66,  Holland.  2d,  Mich.,  (Hope),  66-78,  d.  May  24,  at  Wat- 
kins,  N.Y.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1873. 
See   Manual,   1902. 

Publications:    A  Hist.  Disc.  First  Ref.  Ch.,  Tarrytown.    1866. 
Stewart,  Charles  Hugh,  b.  Ontario,  Canada,  March  2-/,  1875,  Manitoba  Col. 
1899,  Manitoba  Sem.  1902,  1.  by  Pres.  of  Winnipeg   1902.      (St.  Paul's 
Pres.   Winnipeg,    1902-13).     Newark,   N.J.,    North,    1913-18.      (Presby- 
terian, North  Pres.  Ch.,  Buffalo,  N.Y.,  1918 .     Bd.  of  Senate  Man- 
itoba Col.     Bd.  F.M.  Pres.  Ch.,  Canada.     Bd.  F.M.  Ref.  Ch.  in  Am. 
Chaplain,   Canadian   Club,   N.Y.C. 
Publications:    Winning,  Oct.,  1917.     Sermons,  pamphlets,  etc. 
Stewart,  D.  C.     (Pres.),  S.S.,  Yonkers,  N.Y.,  ist,  1918-21.     D.D. 
Stewart,  James  W.,  Prin.  of  Washington  Academy,  Salem,  18.. -34;    Jack- 
son, 1834-6,  Warwick,  1838-42. 
Stillwell,  Aaron  L.,  b.  at  Whitestone,  1828;    R.C.  51,  N.B.S.  54,  1-  CI.  N.B.; 

Bergen  Neck,  54-64,  d.     See  Manual  of  1879. 
Stillwell.  John   Letson,  b.   Bayonne,  N.J.,  Dec.   17.   1859;    R.C.  79;    N.B.S. 
82,  1.  CI.  Raritan ;    Montague,  82-4,  Athenia,  84-6,  Bloomingburgh,  86- 
1902,    Buskirk's   N.Y..    1902-08,   Princetown,   N.Y.,    1908-16,    S.S.,    East 
Somerville  and  Finderne,  1918-19. 
Stimpson,  Edward  P.     R.C.  1834,  N.B.S.  1834;    Greenbush,  1834-52,  Castle- 
ton,   1853-61,  suspended.     1869,  deposed. 
Stimpson,  Henry  B..  b.   1772,  in  Framingham,  Mass.;   studied  at  Claverack 
and  Kindcrhook ;    studied  Theology  with  Rev.  Mr.  Fuller,  of  Renssel- 
aerville,   and    Rev.    Mr.    Townsend   of    Durham;     lie.     1802;    (Presby., 
Windham,    1802-1825),   Agent    for   the   Bible    Society,   25-9,   Windham, 
(Prattsville),  29-33,  w.  c.     Died  Ap.  28,  1851. 
His    father    removed    from    Massachusetts   to    Greene    Co.,    N.Y.,   at   the 
close  of  the  Revolution.     He  endured  all  the  hardships  and  privations  in- 
cident to  a  new  country.     He  attended  school  only  four  months  until  more 
than  21  years  of  age,  yet  he  subsequently  acquired  a  good  general  knowl- 
edge.    His  pastoral   field  at  Windham  extended  over  20  miles,  but  he  was 
used  to  hardships,  and  often  preached  nine  times  a  week.     In  the  Presby- 


THE    MINISTRY  5^9 

terian  Church  at  Windham  tlicrc  wore  three  extensive  revivals  during  his 
ministry.  He  received  into  this  church  more  than  500  souls.  But  with  the 
introduction  of  the  "new  measures"  divisions  came,  and  he  finally  separated 
from  his  people.  He  was  a  theologian  of  the  old  school.  He  was,  however, 
subsequently  recalled  to  the  same  field  by  the  Dutch  Church.  He  was  a 
man  of  strong  phvsical  energv.  and  of  uncommon  powers  of  mind. 
Stinson.    William'    Charles,    b.    in    N.Y.C.    Ap.    i860;     Bucknell    Univ.    86. 

P.S.  89.  ord.  Presb.  Monmouth;    (Kavwatosa,  Wis..  91-3,   Providence, 

R.I..  93-5.  both   Congregational;     Presbyt.   Chillicothe,   O..    1895-1900), 

Pioomingdale,  N.Y.C.  1900-1911.     Presbyterian.     D.D. 
Stitt,  Chs.  H.,  b.  1819:    R.C.  44.  N.B.S.  48.  1-  CI.  N.V.;    New  Paltz   48-65. 

Kingston,  2d.  65-74.  Bayonne,  74-81.  d.  Ap.  20.     D.D.  by  R.C.  ib66.     bee 

"Ch.  Int.,"  Ap.'^28.  188 1',  for  sketch. 
PiBLiCATioxs:  "Gospel  Law  of  Moderation  in  Regard  to  Intoxicating 
Drinks."  1861.— Dedicatorv  Address  at  New  Paltz  Cemetery.  1861.— 
"Plist.  of  the  Church  and  Settlement  at  New  Paltz."  1862.— "Fun.  Ser  of 
Captain  Johannes  Lefevre,"  who  fell  in  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  Va., 
Oct.  19.  1864.  Pub.  1865.— Mem.  Disc,  on  "Death  of  T.  Lawrence  Has- 
brouck."  1866.— Sermon  before  Gen.  Synod.  "Ch.  Int.,"  June  9.  1870.— 
"Hist.  Sketch  of  Second  Ref.  Ch.  of  Kingston."  "Kingston  Argus,"  Jan. 
II  1871.— "Prosjressive  Theolog\'" ;  a  Charge  delivered  at  Inaug.  of  Dr. 
a'  B.  Van  Zandt  as  Prof,  of  Theologv.  1872.— "Why  Am  I  Not  Saved.'" 
Tract  49.  R.C.A.— "The  Lost  Found."  Tract  638.  Am.  Tract  Soc— "Our 
New  Citv:  its  Prospect  and  Peril."  In  "Rondout  Freeman,"  June  i,  1872. 
Stitt,  win.  Christie,  b.  in  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Ap.  22,,  1833;    C.N.J.  56,  P.S. 

60,   lie.   Presb.    Philadelphia;    (S.S.   Georgetown,   D.C.,  60-2;   ord.  63; 

Hagerstown.   Md..  62-8,  Johnsonburgh,   N.J.,  68-72);     Piermont,   N.\.. 

1872-87,    (Hazelton.   Pa.,   87-8),    Sec.   Am.    Seamen's    Friends'    Society, 

,000 

Stobbelaar,   H.,  Alto,   1858-60,   Zeeland,  60-64,  Holland.  Wis.,  64-73.   Pella. 

Stockwcll  Austin  P.,  b.  at  Hadlev.  Mass..   1837;    A.C.  62,  U.S.  65.  lie.  3d 
Presb.   N.Y.C.   Ap.   3,   63;    ord.   by   same.   May    14;    (Pleasant   Plains. 
N.Y.,    68-9,    Presbvt.),    Assoc.    Pastor,    Millbrook,    July,    69-71,    Dec; 
Gravcsend,  Jan.  i,  72-87,  Sup.  Howard  Mission  of  Children's  Aid  Soc, 
N.Y.C,  87-99.     Also  supplving  Centennial  Chapel.  Brooklyn,   ist,  90-3, 
and  Greenwood  Hights  Chapel,  94-9-     Died  Nov.  21.   19CO. 
He  was  a  man  of  gentleness  and  patient  courtesy,  tenderly  affectionate 
and   sympathetic      Hi.s    life   was    filled   with   kindly   and    Christ-like   deeds 
He  was  painstaking  in  the  discharge  of  all  his  duties,  whether  in  the  pas- 
torate, or   in   the  wide  and  character-moulding  work   that   was   his   for   so 
many  years  among  the   friendless  little  ones  of   God's  poor.     "Mints.   Gen. 
Syn.."  1901,  1243. 

Stoelmer,   Frederick.  Jamaica    (Ger.),   1900 

Stofflet,  James  P.     Presbyterian.     Jersey  City,  Free,  1902-04.     Jersey  City, 

3d  Park,  1904-12.     (Pres.,  Ridgefield  Park.  1912 

Stoll,  A.,  (from  Ref.  Ger.  Ch.,  1874);    Philadelphia,  5th,  1874-9. 

Stone,    George    Edwin,   b.    in    Mexico,    Oswego    Co.,    N.Y.,    Sept.    2,    1873; 

Ham.  Coll.  95.  Aub.  Sem.  98.  1.  Presbyt.  of   ;    ord.  by  Presbyt.  ot 

Svracusc.  Ap.  11,  98;  sailed  for  Arabia,  Aug.  17.  98;  at  Bahrein,  Oct. 
9.  98-Feb.  14,  99;  Aluscat.  Feb.  99-June  26.  99,  d. 
He  came  of  a  godly  line  of  ancestors,  and  united  with  the  church  at 
eleven  years  of  age.  He  was  steadfast  in  his  consecration  to  the  Master. 
His  winning,  tactful  manner  made  him  a  power  for  good,  in  church  and 
college  and  seminary.  But  his  service  on  the  field  was  less  than  eight 
months  when  he  was  cut  down.  From  the  moment  he  had  recognized  his 
call  to  Arabia,  he  was  ambitious  to  enter  on  his  work.  It  is  not  for  us  to 
know  why  he  was  cut  down  so  soon.— See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.."  1900,  203; 
"Sketch  of  Arabian  Miss.."  1901,  pp.  28-30. 


5IO  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Stoppels,   Charles   Anton,   b.    Aliiskes^on,   Mich.,   Aug.   8,    i88q.      H.C.    1915, 

W.T.S.  1918,  1.  by  CI.  Michigan  1918.     Allendale,  ist.  Mich..  1918 •. 

Mem.  Joint  CI.  Com.  in  Ch.  Extension.     Mem.  CI.  Com.  in  Vacant  Chs. 
and  Ch.  Extension. 

Stouppe.  Pierre,  New  Rochelle,  (French  Refd.),  1723-60,  d.  July.  See  his 
description  of  New  Rochelle,  in  Waldron,  34.  He  left  eighty  communi- 
cants at  his  death,  having  conformed  to  the  Church  of  England.  See 
Baird's  "Huguenots" ;    collections  of  Huguenot  Society. 

Stout,    Henry,   b.   Jan.    19,    1838.      R.C.    1865,    N.B.S.    68,' lie.    CI.    Raritan. 
]V[issionary  to  Japan,  1869-1906,  Bound  Brook,  N.J.,  1907-09,  S.S.,  Red 
Bank,   1909-10,  d.   Feb.   16,    1912.     D.D.,   R.C,   1893.     See   Mins.   Gen. 
Syn.,  1912,  567. 
Publications:    "A  Brief   Statement  of   Christian   Doctrine";    a  transla- 
tion into  Japanese,  and  adaptation  of  Rev.  Dr.  S.  M.  Woodbridge's  Lectures 

on  Sacred  History,  i  vol.;  and  of  his  Lectures  on  Church  History;  2  vols. 

Stout,  James  Coffin,  b.  Irvington,  N.Y.,  Nov.  25,  1869.  R.C.  1891,  P.S.  97; 
Brighton  Hights,  1898- 1902.  Presbyterian.  Prof.  Church  History, 
Bible  Teachers'  Training  School,  N.Y.C. 

Stout,  Nelson,  b.  at  Harlingen,  N.J.,  1817;  R.C.  185 1,  N.B.S.  Died 
1854.  He  did  not  begin  his  studies  until  nearly  thirty  years  of  age. 
He  had  been  a  sea-captain.  He  was  a  very  conscientious  Christian,  and 
had  consecrated  himself  to  the  foreign  field,  but  died  while  in  the 
Seminary. 

Stout,  Royal  A.,  b.  New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  Nov.  14,  1885.  R.C.  1907.  N.B.S. 
191C,  1.  by  CI.  N.B.  Netherwood  (Plainfield,  N.J.,  1910-13.  Presby- 
terian. 

Stowe,  Wilbur  Fiske,  b.  Berlin,  Conn.  Mt.  Hope  Col.  1898,  Theo.  Dept. 
Taylor  Univ.  1901,  1.  by  N.Y.  East  M.E.  Conference.  Ord.  by  Cong. 
Ass..  Maine.  (Cong.,  Freeport.  Maine,  Saugerties,  N.Y.).  Kingston, 
N.Y.,  Church  of  the  Comforter,  1914 .     D.D..  Kansas  City  Univ. 

Strabbing,  Alfred  H..  b.  Graefschap.  Mich.,  Sept.  20.  1856;  H.C.  80,  W.S. 
89.  1.  CI.  Holland ;  Hamilton  and  E.  Saugatuck,  89-93,  Kalamazoo, 
3d.  93-7-  Marion,  N.Y.,  97-1900,  New  Holland,  Alich.,  1900-1904,  Ham- 
ilton. Mich..  1904-09.  Sheboygan,  Wis..  Hope.  1910-15,  Holland,  Mich.,. 
Ebenezer,  1915 

Strail,  H.  A.     S.S.,  Cicero.  N.Y..  1883-4. 

Straks,  Henry,  b.  Alto.  Wis..  Feb.  13,  1853;  Normal  School.  Oshkosh, 
Wis..  75,  W.S.  91.  1.  CI.  Wis.;  Cleveland.  O.,  91-4,  Maurice,  la.,  94-8, 
Ed.  Agent  and  Teacher,  Northwestern  Academy,  (Drange  Cit}',  la.,  98- 
1901,  Harrison,  Dak.,  1901-1909,  New  Era,  Mich.,  1909-12,  d.  June  23. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Svn..  1913.  887. 

Straks,  John  H..  b.  "Alto.  Wis..  Aug.  22,  1878.  H.C.  1900,  W.T.S.  1903, 
1.  by  CI.  Iowa.  Clymer  Hill,  N.Y.,  1904-09,  Gibbsville,  Wis.,  1909-20, 
Maurice,  la..  1920 

Straub,  John  E.,  b.  Hoboken.  N.J..  March  17.  1880.  Bloomfield  Acd.  1901, 
Bloomfield  Sem.  1904.  Univ.  of  Berlin  1906.  1.  by  CI.  Bergen  1905.  Cal- 
licoon.  N.Y.,  1906 

Strauss,  Preston  Franklin.  Franklin  and  Marshall  Col.  1909,  Col.  Univ. 
1915,  U.S.  1915,  1.  by  N.  CI.  L.L  1915.  S.S.,  Steinway,  L.L,  1913-15, 
Pastor,  1915 

Street,  William  Dana,  b.  Lynn.  Mass..  Jan.  9,  1874;  Columbia  Univ.  95,. 
U.S.  98,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  Assist,  in  Madison  Av.,  N.Y.C.  98-1901,  (Cong. 
Ch.,  White  Plains.  N.Y..  1901 ). 

Streng,  Samuel,  b.  at  Pella.  la.,  March  15.   1851  ;    H.C.  71,  N.B.S.  JT,  lie. 

CI.  111. ;    Clarkstown,  N.Y.,  77-82,  Churchville,   Pa.,  82-90,  Kalamazoo, 

Mich.,   90-92,   Classical   Missionary,   92-94,   Fairview,   111.,  94-97,   w.   c, 

died  Oct.  3,  1900. 

His   parents    were   among   the   first    Holland    settlers   of    Pella,    la.,    and 

were  earnest  Christians.     He  was  a  man  of  brilliant  intellectual  power,  but 


THE    MIXISTKY  :)Ii. 

extremely  modest  in  the  estimate  of  himself.  He  was  an  untiring  worker, 
spending  himself  in  the  service  of  his  Master.  His  life  was  almost  a  con- 
tinuous struggle  with  ill  health,  yet  he  was  remarkably  successful  in  his 
several  fields  of  labor,  and  universally  beloved  by  his  people.  He  preached 
fearlessly,  yet  kindly,  the  truths  of  God,  and  many  were  born  again,  and 
others  stimulated  to  a  nobler  life.  His  fidelity  secured  him  many  calls. 
During  his  last  years  he  suffered  severely,  but  his  faith  never  wavered  nor 
did  he  ever  complain.     See  also  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  igoi,  1244. 

Pl'blicatioxs:  Article  in  "Doylestown  (Pa.),  Democrat,"  May  29,  1883, 
on  "Paulus  Van  Vlecq."  Also  sketches  of  the  North  and  South  Hampton 
Church. 

Strieker,  William.     1.  bv  S.  CI.  L.I.  1914.     Presbyterian. 
Strohauer,    Paul    John,    b.    Schenectady,    N.Y.,    May    15,    187 1  ;     U.C.    97, 
N.B.S.    1900,    1.    CI.    Schenectady;     Princetown,    N.Y.,    1900-02,    Spots- 
wood,  1902-05,  Wyckoff,  N.J.,  1905-11,  North  and  South  Hampton,  Pa., 
1912-17. 
Strong.   Joseph   Pascal    (s.  of   T.   M.    Strong)  ;    b.    1825.   at   Flatbush,    L.I. 
R.C.  45,   N.B.S.  50.  1.   S.  CI.   L.I..  East   New   York.  50-4.   Jersey  City, 
3d,    54-6,    Aquackanonck,    56-69,    Passaic,    2d,    69-72,    Belleville,    72-80, 
Cohoes,  80-90.  East  Millstone,  Aug.-Dec.  8.  1890,  died. 
In  each  of   these  fields  he  proved  himself   a   laborer   that  needed  not   to 
be  ashamed  of  his  work.     By  his  earnest  preaching  and  by  his  kind  words 
and  gentle  ways,  he  endeared  himself  to  the  hearts  of  his  people.     He  was 
a  warm-hearted  and  sympathetic  man  and  an  excellent  preacher.     His  min- 
istry was  always  attended  with  great  success.     He  was  a  man  of   remark- 
able powers  of  description.     His  sermons  were  always  interesting  and  in- 
structive.    He  preached  with  great  energy  and  power.     The  people  of  East 
Millstone  called  him  with  a  wonderful  unanimity  and  were  delighted  with 
his   ministrations.      A    career   of   unusual    prosperity    seemed   to   be   opened 
before  that  church  wheii  he  was  suddenly  stricken  with  apoplexy. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publication  :    Fun.  Address  of  Mrs.  Dr.  Hay. 
Strong.  Mason  R.    (s.  of  T.  M.  Strong),  b.  Dec.  30.   1834;   N.Y.U.   1855, 

N.B.S..  died  1861,  Jan.  12. 
Strong.  Pascal  N.  (brother  of  T.  M.  Strong),  b.  in  Brookhaven,  L.I.,  1793; 
C.C.  1810.  studied  under  Mason.  1.  Presbvt.  N.Y.  1815;  New  York, 
1816-26.  d. 
He  received  calls  to  Harrisburgh  and  New  York  at  the  same  time,  but 
chose  the  latter.  He  and  Dr.  Knox  started  in  life  together  as  fellow-stu- 
dents under  the  same  instructor,  and  as  colleagues  in  the  same  church, 
though  the  ministry  of  the  former  was  comparatively  brief.  About  a  year 
before  he  died,  he'was  attacked  by  disease  of  a  pulmonary  character,  pro- 
ceeding from  a  .severe  cold.  He  went  to  St.  Croix  to  spend  the  winter,  but 
while  there  died.  In  a  diary  commenced  in  i8c8.  three  years  before  he 
united  with  the  church,  he  says  :  "I  will  regard  the  enjoyment  of  God  as 
the  supreme  end  of  all  my  plans.  I  will  consider  love  to  God  and  zeal  for 
His  glory  as  my  highest  duty,  and  study  to  improve  daily  in  these  divine 
affections.  I  will  for  the  future,  unless  unavoidably  hindered,  regularly 
devote  one-half  hour  in  tlie  morning,  and  a  like  period  in  the  evening,  to 
religious  concerns." 

His  disposition  was  amiable,  his  manners  were  courteous,  his  spirit  was 
resolute  and  generous  almost  to  a  fault,  his  mind  was  gifted  in  more  than 
an  ordinary  degree,  and  his  opportunities  of  improvement  had  not  been 
neglected.  With  a  memory  peculiarly  tenacious,  and  the  power  of  an  ac- 
curate and  jirecise  discrimination  for  one  of  his  years,  his  attainments  in 
classical  and  critical  learning  may,  without  any  exaggeration,  be  regarded 
as  eminent.  Critical  research  was  with  him  a  favorite  employment.  He 
wrote  with  elegance  and  force.  His  discourses  were  clear,  accurate,  and 
tasteful.     His  style  was  copious  and  adorned.     His  voice  was  melodious; 


512  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

his  enunciation,  easy  and  natural ;  his  preaching,  evangeHcal  and  iaitbful. 
— "Gunn's  Livingston,"  ed.  1856,  p.  399.  "Sprague's  Annals."  "Collegiate 
•Ch.  Year  Book,"  1895,  127. 

Publications:     "The    Pestilence — Yellow   Fever."      1822.     2d.    ed.    1823. 
Strong,  Robert  Grier   (s.  of  Thos.  M.  Strong),  b.  at  Flatbush,  L.I.,   1837, 
N.Y.U.  55,  N.B.S.  58,  1.  S.  CI.  L.I.;   assistant  at  Fatbush,  1858-60,  Dec; 
New  Baltimore,  61-70,  Flatbush,  Miss.  Chapel,  71-73;    teaching  a  select 
school  at  Flatbush,  73-92,  died.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1892,  656. 
Strong,  Selah  Woodhull   (s.  of  Thos.  M.  Strong),  b.  at  Flatbush,  L.I.,  Sept. 
2,   1844;    N.Y.U.  62,  N.B.S.  65,  1.  CI.  N.Y.;    Rochester,  65-70,  West 
Troy,  South,  70-84,  Nov.  6,  died. 
He  was   a   man   "mighty   in   the   Scriptures."     For   this   reason   both   his 
preaching  and  pastoral  work  were  very  effective. 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Strong,  Thomas   C.    (son  of   Thomas   M.   Strong  and   Ellen   Campbell,   sis- 
ter of  William  H.  Campbell,  late  President  of  Rutgers  College),  came 
of  a  family  of  ministers.     Born  at  Flatbush,  L.I.,  May  2^,  1824.     U.C. 
1841,  N.B.S.  1845,  1.  S.  CI.  L.I.  1845.     D.D.  from  Rutgers  College,  of 
which  he  was  a  trustee  from  1858  to   1874.     Pastorates  and  Charges : 
Bloomingdale   and    Rosendale.    1845-49,    Newtown,    1849-59,   Greenwich, 
N.Y.C.,  1859-66,  Ithaca,  1866-71. 
At  this  point  he  transferred  his  relations  to  the  Presbyterian,  and  never 
resumed  oiificial  connection  with  the  Reformed  Church.     Pastor  at  Aurora. 
Cayuga  Co.,   N.Y.,  and  President  of  Wells  College,   1871-75.     In   1875  be- 
came President  of  Pennsylvania  Female  College  at  Pittsburgh,  and  in  1878 
opened  a   private  school   for  girls   in   Allegheny,   at  the   same   time   taking 
charge  of  the  Pittsburgh  Central  Presbyterian  Church.     Later  he  supplied, 
for  a  time,  the  pulpit  of  the  Reformed  Church  of  Geneva,  N.  Y.     Several 
jears  before  his  death  he  was  the  subject  of  a  very  severe  sunstroke,  from 
the  effects  of  which  he  never  fully  recovered,  and  which  was  the  occasion 
to  him  of  much  loss  of  mental  power  as  well  as  physical  debilitation.     In 
addition   to   all   his   other   life  work.   Dr.    Strong  was   Corresponding    Sec- 
retary of  the  Reformed  Church  Board  of   Publication   from   1859  to   1868, 
and   a   member  of   its   Committee   on   Publication    from   1868   to    1871.      In 
these  relations  he  was  very  active  and  efficient,  and  his  labors  were  of  great 
advantage  to  the  Board.     He  died   Sept.   13,   1890.     Pres.   Gen.   Syn.,   1867. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publication  :    Sermon  at  Funeral  of  Dr.  C.  W.  Stothofif,  1855. 
Strong,  Thos.  M.   (brother  of  P.  N.  Strong),  b.  at  Coopertown,  N.Y.,  Aug. 
28,  1797;    C.C.  1816,  studied  imder  Mason  and  at  P.S.   19,  1.  Presbyt. ; 
(Norfolk,    Va.,    19-21,    Assoc.    Ref.,    Chambersburgh,    and    Shippens- 
burgh.  Pa.,  21-2),  Flatbush,  22-61,  d.  June  14.     D.D.  by  U.N.Y.     Stated 
Clerk  of  Gen.  Synod  34  years. 
He  was  possessed  of  the  most  thorough  and  indefatigable  business  habits, 
and  was  so  completely  at  home  in  ecclesiastical  affairs  that  his  very  word 
was  law,  from  which  no  appeal  could  be  taken.     He  was  a  man  of  remark- 
able clearness  of  thought  and  of   simplicity  of   expression,  of   intense,  yet 
well-balanced,    mental    energy    and    activity,    of    large    attainments,    though 
never  ostentatiously  paraded ;    combining,  in  a   rare  symmetry  and  exquis- 
ite  proportion,   affability   with   dignity,    and   gentleness   with   firmness,   and 
withal  a  man  of  such  pure  innate  modesty,  and  genuine  Christian  humility, 
that  nothing  but  his  actual   removal   from  the   Church  would   give   her   an 
accurate  estimate  of  his  real  value.     He  possessed  one  trait  of  character  of 
especial   loveliness  and   power.     He   was  eminently  a   Christian  gentleman. 
Publications:     "Hist,    of    Flatbush,    L.I."     1842. — Arts,    in    "Sprague's 
Annals,"  on  Drs.  S.  S.  Woodhull  and  P.  N.  Strong. 

Strong,  William  Van  Deurzen,  b.  Accord,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  Ap.  28,  1868; 
R.C.  91,  N.B.S.  94,  1.  CI.  N.B.:    Glenham,  N.Y.,  1894-1902,  Jersey  City, 
Bergen,  Assistant,  1902-06.     (Cong.,  Trov,  N.Y.,  ist,  1908-12).     Ponds, 
■     N.J.,  1912-18.     (Cong.,  Woodbridge,  N.J.,  1918 ). 


THE   MINISTRY  513 

Struyk,  John  A.     Methodist  Episcopal.     Lodi,  N.J.    (Hol.h   1919-20.     Al- 
bany, N.Y.,  5th,  1920 

Strvker,    Herman   B.    (s.   of    Peter   Stryker),   b.   at    Port    Richmond.    S.I., 
"Ap.  2,  1794;    N.B.S.  1822,  1.  CI.  N.B'.;    Aliss.  to  Athol,  Caldwell,  Johns- 
burgh  and   Warrensburgh,    (Warren   Co.,    N.Y.),   22-3,    Fairfield,   and 
Miss,  at  Little  Falls,  N.J.,  23-6,  Agent  of  Miss.  Soc,  26-7,  Union  Ch. 
in   Amsterdam,   27-2,3,   'ilso   Miss,   at   Johnstown   in   30,    St.   Johnsville, 
33-4,  Glenville,  2d,  34-7,  w.  c.  37-61,  Huguenots,  S.I.,  61-71,  d.  Dec.  11. 
He  was  a  pioneer  in  the  temperance  cause  and  an  evangelistic  preacher 
of  great  power. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

PuBLic.\TiOi\s :  "Address  before  CI.  Bergen."  1828.  "Mag.  R.D.C.," 
iii.  132. — "Charge  to  Rev.  Jas.  Stevenson."  1829.  "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iv.  235. 
Stryker,  Isaac  P.,  born  at  Harlingen,  Nov.  27,  1811;    R.C.  2>7,  N.B.S.  40,  1. 

CI ;    voyage  to  Borneo,  Nov.  40-March,  4.1,  Borneo,  1841-2,  d. 

He  was  a  man  of  remarkable  piety  and  gave  promise  of  great  usefulness. 
But  he  died  before  his  work  was  fairly  under  way. 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Strj'ker,  Peter,  b.  Dec.  23,   1763,  in  N.Y.C.,  studied  under  Livingston,  lie. 
by  the  Synod  of  R.D.  Chs.  1788,  N.  and  S.  Hampton,  Sept.  15,  1788- 
Aug.   19,   1790,  Statcn  Island,  1790-4,  Belleville,   1794-1809,  also  S.S.  at 
Stone    House    Plains,    1801-9,    (Amboy,    Presbyt.),    1809-10,    Belleville 
and  Stone  House  Plains,   1810-14,   S.S.  at  Stone  House  Plains,   18-26, 
Miss,  to  Berne,  27-9,  d.   1847.     A.M.  by  C.C..   1804. 
He  was  a  good  man  and  a  powerful  preacher.    For  many  years  he  was  the 
oldest  minister  in  the  Reformed  Church. 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Stryker,  Peter  (s.  of  H.  B.  Stryker),  b.  Fairfield,  N.J.,  Ap.  8,  1826;  R.C. 
45,  N.B.S.  48,  1.  CI.  N.B.  Raritan,  3d,  48-51,  Rhinebeck,  51-56,  Broome 
St.— after  i860.  Thirty-fourth  St..— N.Y.C.,  56-68,  (Philadelphia, 
Presb3't.,  68-71,  Ronje,  N.Y'.,  71-76,  Saratoga,  76-82,  Andrew  Presbyt. 
Minneapolis,  82-89),  N.Y.C.  Thirty-fourth  St.  again,  89-96,  Asbury 
Park,  96-1900,  d.  Mar.  15.    D.D.  bv  N.Y'.U.,  1866.    Pres.  of  Gen.  Synod, 

1895- 
He   was   a   most   genial    man,    whose   presence   was   a    benediction.      He 
received  into  the  church  an  average  of  43  a  year  throughout  his  ministry. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:    Hist.   Disc,  at  the  last  service   in  the   Broome   St.   Ch., 
N.Y.C.  i860     Sermon  on  Rev.  Dr.  S.  A.  Von  Vranken,  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Jan. 
24,  1861. — "Christian  Life";    a  Disc,  commem.  of  the  late  Leonard  W.  Kip. 
1863. — "Little   Gems   in   the   Saviour's   Crown;   or.   Facts    from   the   Death- 
bed E.xpcriences  of    S.S.   Children." — "Hist,   of  the   Sunday-schools  of   the 
Thirty-fourth  St.  Church." — "Jubilee  Hj-mn  of  Thirty-fourth  St.  Church." 
— "Strange  Children"  :    a  Temperance  ser.     1873. — "The  City  wholly  given 
to  Idolatry :    the  modern  Athens  of  America."    In  "Pulpit  and  Rostrum." — 
"The  Lower  Depths  of  the  Am.  Metropolis."     In  "Pulpit  and  Rostrum." — 
Very  many  articles  in  the  several  papers ;   numerous  hymns  and  tracts. 
Stuart,  Wm.,  b.  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  Oct.  18.  1837;    Free  Ch.  Coll.  Halifax, 
59,  Free  Ch.  Theolog.  Hall,  Halifax,  62,  1.  Halifax  Presbyt. ;    (assist. 
Christ  Ch.,   Bermuda,  63-4;    West   Cape,   Campbelton,  etc.,  on   Prince 
Edward  Is.,  65-9;  Free  Ch.  Fredericton,  New  Brunswick,  70-5;    Central 
Ch.  Hamilton,  Ont..  76;    Greenhill,  Pictou,  Nova  Scotia,  77-83,  Carle- 
ton  Ch.,  St.  John,  N.  Scotia,  83-9)  ;    Franklin,  N.J.,  1890-1911.  d.  May 
8,  1916.    See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1916,  937. 
Stube,  C.  E.,  b.  Fultonville,  N.Y.,  Aug.  22,  1886.     Ham.  Col.  1910,  N.B.S. 
1913,  1.  by  CI.  Montgomery.  S.S.,  Secaucus,  N.J.,  1912-13.  East  Orange, 
Hyde  Park,  N.J.,  191415,  Missionary  to  India,  1915-17,  Coxsackie,  N.Y., 
2d,  1917-19.     Ph.D.,  N.Y.  Univ.,  1914. 
Studdiford,  Peter,  b.   1763  in  N.Y.C,  C.C.   1786,  studied  under  Livingston, 


514  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

1.  by  the  Christian  Synod  of  R.D.  Churches,  1787;    Readington  and  Bed- 
minster,    1787-1800,   Readington,    1800-26,   d.   Nov.   30.     Also   appointed 
in  N.B.S.  instructor  of  Hebrew,  in  1812.    Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1788. 
Possessing    large    views    of    divine    truth,    and    a    rich    store    of    various 
knowledge,   he   was   ready,   instructive,  and    forcible   in  his  preaching.     He 
loved  his  work,  and  shrank  not  from  effort  in  its  performance.     He  was  a 
faithful   and  affectionate  pastor,  a   patriotic  citizen,   and   a   humble,   devout 
and  liberal-minded  Christian.     He  excelled  as  an  extemporaneous  preacher, 
transcending  himself,   when   suddenly  called  on  to   take  the   place  of   some 
absentee.    These  efforts  had  all  of  the  finish,  and  more  than  the  force,  of  an 
elaborate  preparation. — "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  i.  328.     Quoted  in  "N.B.Sem.  Cen- 
tennial," 459. 

Publications:  "Fun.  Ser.  of  Rev.  Dr.  Jac.  R.  Hardenburg.''  1790. — 
Sermon  on  Rom.  5:1,2;  "Justification  and  its  Fruits."  In  "N.J.  Preacher," 
1813. 

Studdiford,  Peter  Augustus  (s.  of  P.  O.  Studdiford),  b.  Lambertville,  N.J., 
Ap.  2,  1828;  C.N.J.  49,  P.S.  52,  ord.  by  Presbyt.  Raritan,  June  12,  55; 
(Milford  and  Holland,  N.J.,  55-9,  Belleville,  60-6,  (Lambertville,  66- 
86),  d.  Oct.  II.  D.D.  by  C.N.J.  74. 
Studley,  Hobart  Earle,  b.  Claverack,  N.Y.,  Oct.  27,  1871 ;  R.C.  93,  N.B.S. 
96,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;    Miss,  to  Amoy,  China,  96-1903.    (Episcopal  Missionary 

for  Chinese,  Manila,  1903 ) 

Sturges,  Littleton,  b.  Maryland,  Oct.  12,  1842.    Pastor  A.M.E.  Church,  New 

Brunswick,  N.J.,  N.B.S.  1886-88. 
Sturges,  Smith.    Whitehouse,  1858-63. 

Suckow,  Charles,  F.  C,  b.  Techentin,  Amt.  Goldberg,  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  Ger.,  Feb.  15,  1840;  N.B.S.  70,  lie.  CI.  Albany;  Knox  Mem- 
orial  Chapel,   N.Y.C.,   68-70,    New   Brooklyn,   70-79,    Philadelphia,   5th, 

1879 

Sullivan,  Andrew  Jackson,  b.  Philadelphia,  1853;  LaF.  Coll.  75,  U.S.  78, 
ord.  by  Cong.;  Newark,  N.J.  (N.Y.  Av.),  90-2.  For  other  details,  see 
"Union  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 
Suit,  Emmet,  Charles,  b.  Thornsville,  O.,  Aug.  5,  1866.  Heidelberg  Col.  1891, 
Ursinus  Sem.  1893.  1.  by  CI.  Lancaster,  Ref.  Ch.  U.S.  (Ref.  Ch.  U.S., 
St.  A'latthews,  1895-1912),  Rochelle  Park,  N.J.,  1912-17,  Secaucus, 
N.J.,  1917-18. 
Sutherland,    Robert    R.      (Presbyterian.      Newark,    O.,    Knoxville,    Tenn.). 

Fairfield,  N.J.,  1908-15,  d.  Sept.  9,  1915.     D.D.     LL.D. 
Sutphen,    David    Schureman    (son-in-law    of    Rev.    Ab.    Polhemus),    b.    at 
Bedminster,   N.J..   Apr.   24,   1842;     R.C.   64,   N.B.S.  67,   1.   CI.    Raritan, 
New  Utrecht.  1867-79,  w.  c.    Died  March  2j,  1897. 
A  man  of  piety  and  ability  kept  long  in  retirement  by  ill  health. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:    Articles  in  the  "Somerset  Unionist,"   1864,   1872,— "Daft 
Willie"  :   a  Poem.    In  "Ch.  Weekly,"  1873 ;    in  "Sower,"  1874. — Arts  on  Rev. 
Peter  Van  Buren,  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  1868:    on  the  "Nativity";  two  articles  on 
our  Theolog.  Sem.,  Sept.  7  and   14,   187 1. — Arts,  in  "Kings  Co.  Rural   Ga- 
zette" : — Thanksgiving ;     "Letters  on   Travels   in   Canada,"    1874. — "How   to 
Study  the  Bible" :    an  Essay  deliv.  before  Kings  Co.     S.S.  Assoc.  1876. — 
Hist.  Disc,  at  200th  Anniver.  R.C.     New  Utrecht,   1877. 
Sutphen,  James  G.,  b.  Millstone,  N.J.,  1853;    R.C.  1875,  N.B.S.  1876-8.    Pro- 
fessor of  Latin,  H.C.,  1885-1911,  d.  Dec.  13.     Litt.D.,  R.C,  1906. 
Suydam,  John  Howard,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Oct.   i,   1832;    R.C.   54.   N.B.S. 
57,  lie.  by  S.  CI.  L.I. ;    Fishkill-on-the-Hudson,  57-63,  Philadelphia,  ist, 
63-9,    Tersev   Citv,   3rd,   69-91,   Rhinebeck,    1891-1903,   d.   Oct.    16,    1908. 
Pres.  Gen.  Syn.,  1885.     D.D..  R.C,  1883. 
He  was  a  man  of  eminent  literary  ability  and  skill  in  the  use  of  language. 
This  gift  was  devoted  to  the  service  of  the  Master.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,' 
1909,  536. 


THE   MINISTRY  515 

Publications:  Two  sermons  on  Hist,  of  R.P.D.C. — "The  Lord  of 
Hosts."  1859. — "Consolation";  on  occasion  of  the  death  of  Lieutenant 
Sprole,  of  Newburgh. — "Christian  Patriotism." — "Hist  of  First  Ref.  Ch.  of 
Philadelphia."  1868. — Books  for  Boys:  "Cruel  Jim."  "The  Cruger  Fam- 
ily."— "The  Wreckmaster." — "The  Emerald  Ring" :  "The  Misunderstand- 
ing." Fugitive  articles  and  letters  by  "Prout,"  in  "Ch.  Int."  Numerous 
contributions  to  the  press. 

Swain,  Geo.,  b.  Glasgow,  Scotland,  June  30,  1841 ;    R.C.  63,  N.B.S.  66,  1.  S. 
CI.  L.L;    Middlebush,  66-8,  Freehold,   ist,  68-73,    (Brooklyn,   Presbyt. 
73-4,   Allentovyn,    N.J.,    1874-1912),   d.    Nov.   7,    1914.     D.D.   by    R.C., 
1878.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,   1915,  597. 
PuBLicvTiox :    "Hist,  of   Presbyt.   Ch.  of  Allentown,   N.J.,"    1876. 
Swain.  Jas.   Ramsay,    (son   of   G.   Swain),  b.   at   Marlboro,   N.J.,   Sept.  8, 
1872;     Princeton   Univ.   94,   teaching    in   Am.    Prot.    College,   Beyrout, 
Syria,  94-7,  P.S.  1901,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  of  ^^lonmouth;    Flushing,   L.L, 
1901-1905. 
Swart,  Peter,  Lansing,  111.,   1897-1904,  Hingham,  Wis.,  1904-10,  LaFayette, 
Ind.,  1910-12,  DeMott,  Ind.,  1912-17,  Oostburg,  Wis.,  1918-21,  DeMott, 

Ind.,  American.  1921 

Swick,  Minor,  b.  Ovid,  N.Y.,  Sept.  16,  1829.  R.C.  1858,  N.B.S.  1861,  1. 
CI.  Geneva.  1861 ;  Stuyvesant  Falls,  1861-5,  Wawarsing,  1865-9,  Cato, 
1869-71,  Oyster  Bay,  1871-77.  (Pres.,  Jasper,  N.Y.,  1884-9). 
Blooming  Grove,  N.Y.,  1889-94,  w.  c,  d.  Sept.  20,  1921. 
Mr.  Swick  was  a  humble,  devout  man  who  excelled  as  a  pastor. 
Switz,  Ab.  J.,  b.  at  Schenectady.  1875;  U.C.  1817,  N.B.S.  20.  lie.  CI.  N.B.; 
Miss,  in  CI.  Montgomery,  21,  at  Westerlo  and  Oakhill,  N.Y.,  22,  at 
Athol.  Johnsburgh.  Caldwell  and  Warren,  N.Y.,  22,  Schaghticoke  and 
Tyashoke,  23-9,  Wawarsing.  29-35,  Glenville,  2d,  37-42,  Port  Jackson, 
57-9  and  62-3.    d.  Jan.  24,  1878.    See  Manual  of  1879. 

Talmage,  David,   (s.  of  J.  V.  N.  Talmage),  b.  Amov.  China,  Feb.  4,   1852; 
R.C.  74,  N.B.S.  -jy,  1.  CI.  N.B.     Missionary  to  China,  1877-81.     Bound 
Brook,    1882-4,    Clarkstown,    1884-88,    Westwood,    1888-1908.       (Pres. 
Ponchatoula,  La.,  1909),  d.  Sept.  10,  1915. 
Talmage,  George  Edwin,  (son  of  Rev.  John  V.  N.  Talmage),  b.  in  Amoy, 
China,  Aug.   16,   1865;    R.C.  86,  N.B.S.  90,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;    Mott  Haven, 
New  York  City,  90-98,  Schenectady,  2d,  1898-1907.     Episcopalian. 
Publication:   Address  on  death  of  President  McKinley,  1901. 
Talmage.  Goyn,  b.  Dec.   7,   1821,  near   Somerville,   N.J.;     R.C.  42,   N.B.S. 
45,   1.   CI.  N.B.   Rockaway,  45-51,   Niskayuna,   51-55,   Greenpoint,   55-62, 
Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  Dom.  Missions,  62-67,  Rhincbeck,  67-71.  Paramus,  71-79, 
Port  Jervis.  79-87.     Died  June  24,  1891.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1876.     Pres.  of 
Gen.  Syn.,  1874. 
He  came  of  a  godly  family  and  his  own  piety  was  deep  and  cheerful.    His 
pastoral   service  was  successful  and  his  preaching  was   rich  in  matter  and 
fresh  in  style.     During  the  five  years  that  he  was  corresponding  secretary 
of  the  Board  of  Domestic   Missions  he  rendered  very  efficient  service. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  "Admonitions  for  the  Times."  1861.— "The  Reformed 
Dutch  Church,  a  Goodly  Heritage,"  with  Hist.  Appendix.  "Greenpoint," 
1862.— "ChrLst  in  the  Storm."  (Death  of  a  Union  Soldier).  1866.— "Re- 
ligious Tests."  Published  in  "Christian  at  Work."  1875. — "Perils  of 
Young  Men."  1878.— Annual  Reports  of  Board  of  Domestic  Missions. 
1882-7.— "A  Clean  Young  Man."  1885.— "Perils  of  Office  Seeking."  1889. 
Talmage,  Jas.  R.,  b.  1808;  C.N.J.  1826,  N.B.S.  29.  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Miss,  to 
Pott.sville,  Pa.,  29-31,  Jersey  City.  31-3,  Pompton  Plains,  33-6,  Blawen- 
burgh,  37-49,  Athens,  49-50,  Brooklyn,  Middle,  50-2,  Greenbush,  52-60, 


5l6  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Chittenango,  60-9,  Wawarsing,  69-74,  Wiltwick,  74-9.    d.  June  29.    D.D. 
by  R.C.,  1864. 

He  was  willing  to  sacrifice  for  the  cause  of  Christ  and  he  could  stoop  to 
serve.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications  :  A  Disc,  occasioned  by  Death  of  Capt.  Is.  M.  Talmage, 
his  son.     1865. 

Talmage,  John  Van  Nest,  b.  Bound  Brook,  N.J.,  Aug.  18,  1819;  R.C.  42, 
N.B.S.  45,  lie.  by  Classis  of  Philadelphia;  S.S.,  Central  Ch.,  Brooklyn, 
45-6,  at  Middle  Ch.,  Brooklyn,  46.  Missionary  to  China,  1S47-89,  in 
America,  89-92,  died  Aug.  19,  at  Bound  Brook,  N.  J.  D.D.  by  R.C, 
1867. 

He  was  ordained  to  the  ministry  at  Millstone,  N.J.,  on  Aug.  26,  1846, 
at  a  joint  meeting  of  the  two  Classes  of  New  Brunswick  and  Philadel- 
phia. Rev.  Gabriel  Ludlow  preached  from  2  Tim.  2:1,  "Thou,  therefore, 
my  son,  be  strong  in  the  grace  which  is  in  Christ  Jesus,"  and  the  mission- 
ary, Rev.  Elihu  Doty,  gave  the  charge  to  Mr.  Talmage.  A  boy  of  eleven 
years  of  age,  who  was  present,  was  influenced  through  that  service  to  be- 
come a  missionary  to  China.  This  was  the  subsequent  secretary  of  the 
Missionary  Society  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  Rev.  Dr.  S.  L. 
Baldwin. 

He  became  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  spoken  language  of  Amoy. 
Few  men  had  a  more  extensive  knowledge  of  its  vocables.  He  spoke  like 
the  Chinese  themselves,  idomatically  and  beautifully.  Such  knowledge 
was  indispensable  to  his  success,  and  he  attained  it  only  by  hard  plodding 
and  persevering  study.  Before  there  was  any  aid  from  dictionaries.  He 
was  qualified,  therefore,  to  take  a  prominent  place  in  translation,  in  re- 
vision and  in  hymnology.  As  a  preacher  to  the  Chinese,  he  was  unrivaled. 
The  people  hung  on  his  lips  and  never  seemed  to  lose  a  word. 

He  had  learned  stenography  and  practiced  it  on  his  first  voyage  to 
China  that  he  might  be  able  to  reduce  the  spoken  language  of  Amoy  to 
writing.  He  soon  found,  however,  that  shorthand  was  not  adequate  for 
the  purpose.  Just  how  much  he  contributed  to  the  adoption  of  the  Roman- 
ized Colloquial,  now  in  vogue  through  all  China,  will  never  be  known.  He 
never  sought  the  credit  of  it  for  himself,  but  his  friends  ascribe  much  of 
it  to  him.  It  was  a  fitting  culmination  of  his  work  that  he  only  laid  down 
his  pen  for  the  last  time,  when  he  had  finished  his  last  recension  of  his 
colloquial  dictionary,  a  book  which  will  increase  in  usefulness  as  the 
Church  in  the  Amoy  region  expands.  It  requires  only  translation  to  be 
useful  in  other  dialects  as  well.  He  spent  over  twenty  years  in  its  prepara- 
tion, going  over  it  time  and  time  again,  until  he  felt  it  was  ready  for  pub- 
lication. 

He  was  of  a  sunny  disposition.  A  smile  was  on  his  face  and  laughter 
in  his  eyes  almost  all  day  long.  He  was  conspicuously  cheerful  and  hope- 
ful. The  strength  of  his  character  was  unusual  and  would  bear  victori- 
ously very  severe  tests.  Mental  and  moral  ability  of  a  very  high  order 
marked  his  participation  in  public  exercises,  and  his  demeanor  in  social 
life.  In  mind  and  heart  these  were  the  elements  of  greatness.  Greatness 
he  never  sought,  but  avoided.  But  he  was  a  leader  among  men.  A  wide 
range  of  knowledge  was  his.  He  maintained  acquaintance  with  the  research 
and  discovery  of  the  day  although  secluded  in  China.  The  deference  with 
which  he  treated  the  opinions  of  others,  and  his  own  manner  in  present- 
ing his  knowledge  and  convictions  to  an  audience,  were  extraordinary.  He 
was  courteously  inquisitive,  seeking  from  others  what  they  knew  and 
thought,  and  this  often  with  men  much  his  inferiors.  He  was  eminently 
tolerant  of  the  opinions  of  others. 

He  was  animated,  earnest  and  strong  in  public  addresses.  His  mind 
was  apt  to  take  an  independent  and  original  view  of  things.  His  sermons 
were  often  very  impressive  and  powerful.  He  was  always  and  everywhere 
a  Christian  gentleman.     Through  his  gentleness,  sympathy,  wide  range  of 


THE    MINISTRY 


knowledge,  cheerfulness,  animation,  vigor  of  thought,  and  deference  to 
others,  he  was  a  delightful  companion.  He  asked  for  nothing  for  himself, 
but  sought  to  contribute  to  the  enjoyment  of  those  around  him.  He  was 
abundant  in  labors,  and  his  life  of  inestimable  value. 

He  perceived  earlier  than  his  brethren  at  home  the  true  policy  as  to 
churches  in  heathen  lands;  that  they  should  not  be  mere  continuations  of 
the  denomination  whose  missionaries  had  founded  them,  but  should  have 
an  independent  existence  of  their  own.  In  1863  the  General  Synod  refused 
to  consent  to  an  independent  Chinese  Church.  But  Dr.  Talmage  stood  his 
ground,  and  in  another  year  his  arguments  prevailed,  and  this  principle  is 
now  almost  universally  acknowledged.  Union  on  the  foreign  field  is  now 
everywhere  a  success.  The  native  churches  are  self-governing  and  becom- 
ing self-supporting.  They  are  to  be  permitted  to  develop  according  to  the 
leadmgs  of   God's  Providence  and   the  teachings  of   his    Spirit. 

He  stood  in  the  very  front  rank  of  missionaries.  For  ability,  for  fidelity, 
for  usefulness,  he  had  few  equals.  As  a  preacher,  he  was  clear,  forceful,' 
fearless.  As  a  translator,  his  work  was  marked  by  carefulness  and  accu- 
racy. In  social  life,  his  old-fashioned  hospitality  made  everyone  feel  at 
home.     He  was  a  most  interesting  conversationalist. 

See  sketch  by  Rev.  T.  De  Witt  Talmage,  in  "Christian  Herald"  of  Sept 
1892,  and  other  religious  papers  of  the  dav,  especially  "The  Christian  In- 
telligencer." "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1893,  889.— "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads. 
of  Rutgers  College."  1893,  15.  "Fagg's  Life  of  Talmage;  or,  Fortv  Years 
in  South  China,"  1894.— Also  "Pitcher's  Hist,  of  the  Amov  Mission,"  1893. 
Publications:  Translations  into  the  Amoy  Colloquial," in  Roman  char- 
acters, of  the  following  (in  which  the  other  missionaries  assisted  to  a 
greater  or  less  extent)  :  "A  Primer,"  pp.  30.  1852.— "Spelling  Book,"  pp. 
15.  1852— "First  Reader,"  pp.  17.  1853.— "Burn's  Version  of  Pilgrim's 
Progress,  pp.  j-j.  1853.— "The  Book  of  Ruth,"  pp.  20.  1853.— Several 
Hymns,  pp.  26.  1859.— ;^'The  Gospel  of  Luke,  and  the  following  Epistles" 
Galatians,  John.  Peter,  Ephesians.  and  Philippians"  :  in  all,  13  books  of  the 
Bible.— Also  the  "Heidelberg  Catechism."— In  English:  "Hist,  and  Ecc 
Relations  of  the  Churches  of  the  Presbyterial  Order,  at  Amov  China" 
8vo,  pp.  74.    N.Y.,  1863. 

He  was  the  founder  and  editor  of  "The  Church  Messenger,"  published 
monthly  in  the  Amoy  dialect.— "Dictionary  of  the  Chinese  Character  in 
the  Romanized  Amoy  Colloquial :  entitled  "Emng  Ime  Ji-Tiang,"  1894.— 
Also  "Book  of  Forms" ;  "Sacred  Histor.v" ;  hvmns ;  stories;  an  arithmetic 
—  "Sketch  of  the  Amoy  Mission." 

Tahnage,  Peter  Strykcr  (s.  of  Rev.  Jehiel  Talmage,  see  "Princeton  Sem 
Gen.  Catalogue"),  b.  in  Somerville,  N.J.,  Oct.  5,  1819-  JC  1845  PS 
1848;  ord.  by  Presbyt.,  Nov.,  1848;  (Oneida'  Vallev,  N.Y..  1848-50' 
Mata.  N.Y.,  1850-3);  Stone  House  Plains.  N.T.,  1853-65;  preaching 
in  halls  in  northwestern  Philadelphia,  1865-8;  Philadelphia,  Bethune 
Memorial,  1868;  Bethlehem  Miss.,  Philadelphia,  1869;  Manayunk  Tan 
1870-74,  d. 

He  was  a  transparent  Christian  and  a  verv  successful  minister.  See  Man- 
ual. 1902. 

PuBLic.ATioxs :  "Comfort  in  Sorrow:  On  the  Death  of  a  Beloved  Child." 
1861. 

Talmage.  Thos.  A.,  b.  N.Y.C..  July.  1837.     R.C.  1857.  N.B.S.  i860,  d.  1861, 
July. 

Talmage.    Thomas    De    Witt.    b.    near    Bound    Brook.    N.T.,    Tan     7     i8i'- 
U.N.Y.:    N.B.S.  56.  1.  CI.  N.B.;    Belleville.  N.T..  S6-9.  Svracusc    NY 
59-fe    Philadelphia.  Pa..  2d.  62-9;    (Presbyt.:  Central  Presbyt..  Brook- 
lyn. N.\..  69-94).  W\-ishington.  D.C.,  95-99.     Died  Ap.  12.  1902.     DD 
by  several  institutions. 
He  was  original  and  yet  perfectly  natural.     He  wrote,  lectured,  preached 

ditterently  from  any  one  else.     Yet  he  never  strove  to  be  original  and  dif- 


5i8 


THE  REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 


ferent  from  others.  He  was  different  in  his  personality.  The  same  dif- 
ferences were  observable  in  his  home  and  among  his  acquaintances.  Yet  he 
did  not  know  that  he  had  these  peculiarities.  At  first  he  was  misunder- 
stood. But  he  swept  away  all  the  cobwebs  which  had  accumulated  around 
the  traditional  methods  of  sermonic  oratory.  He  pleaded  with  sinners  with 
the  energy  and  enthusiasm  and  intensity  with  which  the  lawyer  would 
plead  for  the  life  of  the  innocent.  While  he  dispensed  with  the  minis- 
terial gown,  and  refused  the  old-fashioned  pulpit,  he  still  clung  to  the  old 
truths.     He  spoke  the  Gospel  message  in  its  simplicity. 

His  pulpit  was  the  business  of  his  life.  He  ate  and  slept  and  walked 
and  nursed  his  strength  for  that.  He  had  a  tremendous  capacity  for  work. 
When  over  seventy,  his  form  was  straight,  his  eye  was  clear  and  his 
mental  force  unabated.  On  his  last  journey,  a  trip  to  Mexico,  only  a 
couple  of  months  before  his  death,  he  preached  in  rapid  succession  to 
great  audiences  at  Macon,  Charleston,  Richmond,  New  Orleans,  with  his 
usual  eloquence  and  power.  His  lecturing  tours  were  not  undertaken  to 
make  money,  but  to  get  away  from  home-tasks  and  to  come  back  re- 
freshed to  do  more  valiant  service  for  Christ.  Railroad  travel  was  his  phys- 
ical salvation.  While  he  was  a  genius,  he  developed  his  talents  by  the  sever- 
est application.  No  labor  for  him  was  too  full  of  drudgery.  He  lived  in 
his  study,  and  took  exercise  only  to  fit  himself  for  his  pulpit.  Into  every 
sermon  he  put  his  best  thought.  He  strove  for  quality  and  not  for  quan- 
tity. 

He  was  a  Gospel  minrster  of  unbounded  cheerfulness.  He  believed  that 
there  was  as  much  religion  in  the  smile  seen  at  the  wedding  of  Cana,  as 
in  the  sob  heard  in  the  house  of  mourning.  He  was  an  optimistic  Chris- 
tian, whose  mind  was  free  from  gloomy  presentiments.  He  always  ex- 
pected good  things  to  come  from  the  Divine  Father.  Therefore,  he  was 
willing  to  undertake  big  things.  And  when  troubles  came  he  was  the 
better  able  to  bear  them.  This  was  wonderfully  illustrated  when  three 
of  his  churches  were  destroyed  by  fire,  but  he  was  never  dismayed ;  and 
when  successive  bereavements  came  into  his  family,  he  bore  them  bravely. 
And  his  best  sermon  was  his  daily  life,  in  his  family  and  in  the  world. 
When  assailed  by  others,  he  never  struck  back.  He  would  forgive  an 
enemy,  and  do  anything  in  his  power  to  serve  him. 

Critics  often  sought  to  analyze  his  character  and  account  for  his  mar- 
velous success.  Various  explanations  were  given.  He  was,  indeed,  a  word- 
painter,  quite  unequaled.  He  could  make  his  audiences  laugh  or  weep. 
He  could  adminster  stinging  rebukes  to  sin.  He  had  also  a  loving  per- 
sonality. But  these  things  represent  only  the  outer  garment  of  his  power. 
He  was  a  true  Christian,  and  worked  in  the  power  of  the  Holy  Spirit. 
Many  testified  to  their  conversion  through  the  reading  of  his  sermons.  He 
was  a  man  called  of  God  to  do  a  peculiar  work.  See  the  sermon  of  his 
son.  Rev.  Frank  De  Witt  Talmage,  in  "The  Christian  Herald,"  April  23, 
1902.  whence  this  sketch  is  culled,  which  paper  also  contains  manj^  par- 
ticulars of  his  life. 

Publications:  He  edited,  at  times,  "The  Christian  at  Work,"  1873-6. — 
"The  Advance,"  1877-8. — "Frank  Leslie's  Sunday  Magazine,"  1888.^ — And 
for  several  years  before  his  death,  "The  Christian  Herald." — Among  the 
volumes  published  are:  "Crumbs  Swept  Up,"  1865. — "Around  the  Tea- 
table,"  1874.— "Masks  Torn  Off,"  1879.— "The  Marriage  Ring,"  1886.— 
"Woman,  Her  Powers  and  Privileges." — "From  Manger  to  Throne." — 
''Sports  that  Kill."— "The  Earth  Girdled."— "The  Pathway  of  Life."— 
"Old  Wells  Dug  Out." — "Everyday  Religion." — "Sundown." — "Fishing 
too  Near  Shore." — 'Good  Cheer,"  1862. — "Almond  Tree  in  Blossom."— 
"The  Evil  Beast,"  a  Temperance  Sermon,  1873. — "Abominations  of  Mod- 
ern Society,"  1872,  1876. — "Shots  at  Targets. "^"Night  Side  of  New  York," 
1878. — "The  Battle  of  Bread." — "Orange  Blossoms  Frosted." — "As  the 
Stars,  Forever" :    in  "Pulpit  Eloquence,   19th  Centur\'." — Volumes  of   Ser- 


THE    MINISTRY  519 

mons,    four   series,    1872-5. — "The    Brooklyn    Tabernacle,"    a    collection    of 
104  Sermons,  1884.     In  all,  20  volumes  of  selected  sermons. 

There  are  fifty  books,  or  more,  published  under  his  name,  but  most  of 
these  are  pirated  from  his  "Works"  and  unauthorized.  His  sermons  were 
published  weekly  for  thirty  or  more  years,  without  missing  a  single  week; 
and  tiirough  syndicates,  for  many  years,  were  published  in  3.600  different 
papers,  reaching  about  twenty  millions  of  persons  weekly.  They  have  also 
been  translated  into  most  of  the  European  and  into  many  of  the  Asiatic 
languages. 
Talman.  L.  A.,  b.  Spring  Valley,  N.Y.,  Jan.  31,  1890.     Cornell  Univ.  1912, 

N.B.S.  1916,  1.  by  CI.  Paramus.     Missionary  to  China,  1916 

Tanis,   Herman,   b.   Ondorp,   Neth.,   Aug.   30,    1871.      Marysville   Col.    1900, 
N.B.S.  1903,  1.  by  CI.  Paramus  1903.     Koster,  111.,  1904-05,  Dalton,  111., 
1905-08,  Randolph,  2d.,  Wis.,  1908-11,  Grand  View,  S.D.,  1911-14,  Pat- 
erson,  N.J..  ist  (Hoi.),  1914-16,  d.  Sept.  16.    Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1917,  254. 
Tarbell.  John  Grosvenor.  b.  at  Brimfield,  Mass.,  1794;    Harvard  Univ.  1820, 
N.B.S.  25,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;    ord.  CI.  Bergen,  27;    Miss,  to  Montville,  26,  to 
Berne,  26.  Stone  House  Plains,  27-8,  Sand  Beach,  30-2,  Caroline,  32-40, 
Missionary  in  Central  Michigan,  184C-1880,  d. 
See  Manual,   1902. 
Tasschemaker,  Tassemaker.  see  Tesschemaeker. 

Taylor,  Andrew  Brown,  b.  in  Philadelphia,  Dec.  28,  1813;  R.C.  39,  N.B.S. 
42,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia ;  supplied  Allegan,  42-43,  supplied  Grand  Rapids, 
43-48,  Macon  and  Ridgeway,  48-52,  (also  supplied  Congreg.  Ch.  at 
Raisin),  Irvington,  52-55,  English  Neighborhood,  1855-92.  Emeritus. 
Died  Mar.  12,  1895. 
He  did  pioneer  work  among  the  Holland  element  in  Michigan  and  a  flour- 
ishing church  at  Grand  Rapids  was  the  result. 

In  English  Neighborhood  beside  his  long  and  successful  pastorate  he  con- 
ducted a  school.     See  Manual.  1902. 

Taylor,  Bcnj.  C.  (son-in-law  of  Rev.  J.  V.  C.  Romeyn),  b.  in  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  Feb.  24,  1801 ;    C.N.J.  19.  N.B.S.  22,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Greenbush  and 
Blooming  Grove,  22-5,  Aquackanonck,  25-8,  Bergen,  28-1870. — Elected 
a  trustee  of  R.C.  1857.     S.T.D.  by  Hobart  Coll.  Geneva,  1843.     Emeri- 
tus, 1870.     Died  Feb.  2,  1881. 
He  was  sent  to  the  famous  school  of  Dr.  Finley,  at  Basking  Ridge,  N.J. 
While  there,  a  wonderful  revival  swept  over  the  community,  and  he,  with 
many  others,   was  converted.     Ten   of   those   converts  became  ministers  of 
the  Gospel.     His  great  work  was  done  at  Bergen,  where  he  preached,  with 
hardly  an  interruption,   for   forty-two  years,  when   he  was  declared   Pastor 
Emeritus;    init  his  ministry  there  must  be  reckoned  at  fifty-two  and  a  half 
years,  and  his  entire  ministry  at  almost  sixty  years.     He  kept  an  accurate 
journal,   which   shows   that   he   officiated   at   about   8,400   services,    including 
funerals,  in  his  Bergen  charge,  that  he  solemnized  541  marriages;    baptized 
1,052  infants  and  adults;  and  received  into  the  communion  of  that  church, 
in  all,  836  persons.     He  followed  the  dead  of  five  generations  to  the  grave. 
He  was  pre-eminently  a  Bible  Christian. 

In  the  Classis  he  was  the  acknowledged  authority  as  to  all  ecclesiastical 
usages.  His  voice  decided  debate.  See  "In  Memoriam"  of  Rev.  Dr.  B.  C. 
Taylor.    Manual,  1902. 

PuBLicATioxs:  A  Sermon  at  English  Neighborhood,  N.J.,  before  the 
Education  Soc.  of  CI.  Bergen.  1828. — "The  School  of  the  Prophets":  a 
Ser.  before  Bd.  of  Sups.  1839.  Appendix  contains  a  catalogue  of  the  stu- 
dents, N.B.S.,  1810-1839.— "Annals  of  the  Classis  and  Township  of  Ber- 
gen." i2mo,  pp.  479.  1856.— "A  Disc,  at  200th  Anniv.  of  R.P.D.C.  of  Ber- 
gen. N.J."  1861.— Fun.  Ser.  of  Capt.  Wm.  H.  Cochrane.  1864.— -"Manual 
of  R.P.D.C.  of  Bergen."  1867.— Address  at  Fun.  of  Mrs.  Sarah  A.  Birch. 
1869. 

Taylor,   Charles   F.     Presbyterian.      Herkimer,   N.Y.,    1905-08.     Congrega- 
tional. 


520  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Taylor,  George  Ira,  b.  Northumberland,  N.Y.,  Aug.  25,  1823;  IJ.C.  43, 
U.T.S.  44-7;  lie.  Presb.  N.Y.,  Oct.  47;  (ord.  Presb.  Troy,  49;  S.S. 
Schroon  and  W.  Moriah,  N.Y.,  48-9;  Sandy  Hill,  N.Y.,  49-51;  Charl- 
ton, N.Y.,  52-4,  S.S.,  Winchester,  Miss.,  54-6,  S.S.,  Lawrenceburgh,  Ind., 
56-65,  S.S.,  Middletown,  O.,  65-7,  Malta,  N.Y.,  68-74)  ;  Watervliet, 
(Boght),  N.Y.,  1874-91,  w.  c.  d.  Oct.  12,  1905.  See  Min.  Gen.  Syn., 
1906,  606. 
Taylor,  Graham  (s.  of  W.  J.  R.  Tavlor),  b.  at  Schenectady,  N.Y.,  May  2, 
1851;  R.C.  70,  N.B.S.  73,  1.  CI.  Newark;  Hopewell,  73-80,  (Hart- 
ford, Ct.,  4th  Cong.,  80-92,  Professor  of  Practical  Theology,  Hartford 
Theolog.    Sem.   88-92,    Prof,   of    Sociology   in    Chicago   Congregational 

Sem.,   1892 ).     Also  Founder  and  Resident  Warden  of   Commons 

Social    Settlement,    140    N.    Union    St.,    Chicago,    1893 .      Lecturer, 

Univ.  of  Chicago.   Director,  Chicago  School  of  Civics  and  Philanthropy. 
Associate  Editor  of  the   Survey.     D.D.,   R.C,   1888.     LL.D.,  111.   Col., 
1897. 
Publications  :     "The    Practical    Training    Needed    for    the    Mmistry   of 
To-day."    1888. 

(Taylor,  Hutchins.  S.S.,  Chittenango,  Nov.  i,  1828-May  9,  30). 
Taylor,  Livingston  Ludlow  (son  of  W.  J.  R.  Tavlor),  b.  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  Sept.  16,  i860;  R.C.  81,  N.B.S.  84,  1.  CI.  Newark.  84;  assistant 
pastor.  Middle  Collegiate  Ch.,  N.Y.C.,  84-7;  ord.  by  CI.  Orange,  87; 
Port  Jervis.  87-91,  (ist  Presbyt.,  Colorado  Springs,  Col.,  91-4,  Plymouth 
Congreg.,  Cleveland.  O.,  1894-1900,  Puritan  Congreg.,  Brooklyn,  N.Y., 
1901-1907.  (Canandaigua,  Congregational,  ist,  1907.  Trustee  R.C, 
1907. 
Taylor,  Wesley.     R.C.  1847,  N.B.S.  1850,  1.  CI.  Paramus,   1850;    Samson- 

ville,   1851-2,   North  Esopus  and  Kleyn  Esopus,   1853-4,   1858,  susp. 
Taylor,  William  J.  R.   (s.  of  B.  C  Taylor),  b.  at  Schodac.  N.Y.,  July  21, 
1823;    R.C.  41,   N.B.S.  44,   1.   CI.   Bergen;     New   Durham,   44-6,   Van 
Vorst  1st   (Jersey  City,  2d),  46-9,  Schenectady,  49-52,  Jersey  City,  3d, 
52-4,  Philadelphia,  3d,  54-62,  Cor.  Sec.  Am.  Bible  Soc,  62-9,  Newark, 
(Clinton  Av.),  69-90,  Cor.  Sec.  Am.   Sabbath  Union,  90-1,  d.  Nov.  12. 
D.D.  by  R.C,  i860.    Pres.  Gen.  Svnod,  1871.    Editor  of  "Ch.  Int.,"  1872- 
6.    Trustee  of  R.C,  1878-91. 
His  theological,  as  well  as  his  literary  course  of  preparation  for  the  min- 
istry, was   pursued  with  conscientious   fidelity ;     but   he   had   special   fitness 
for   his    sacred   work,   which   neither   the    college    nor    the    seminary    could 
fully  supply  in  that  religious  training  which  he  had  received  in  his  home, 
the  benefit  of  which  was  enjoyed  through  all  the  vears  of   his  ministerial 
life. 

In  1862  Dr.  Taylor  had  resigned  his  pastorate  in  Philadelphia  to  accept 
the  office  of  Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  American  Bible  Society, 
which  he  held  for  seven  years.  Part  of  that  time  the  mingled  storms  of 
civil  war  and  political  strife  were  sweeping  over  our  divided  country,  and 
its  riational  institutions  of  benevolence  and  even  the  churches  were  rent 
asunder.  But  the  American  Bible  Society  found  its  pathway  open  to  every 
camp  and  battle-field.  Its  agents  went  everywhere,  carrying  the  word  of 
God  to  the  soldiers  of  both  armies,  welcomed  alike  by  the  blue  and  the 
gray.  An  important  part  of  the  management  by  which  the  Society  was 
enabled  to  accomplish  its  work  so  successfully  was  due  to  the  wisdom  of 
Dr.  Taylor.  His  official  services  as  Corresponding  Secretary  were  highly 
appreciated,  and  at  the  time  of  his  retirement  in  1869  the  managers  placed 
upon  record  the  most  unqualified  expressions  of  their  regard,  and  espe- 
cially of  their  high  estimate  of  the  value  of  his  services  during  the  Civil 
War.  and  at  its  close  in  adjusting  the  disturbed  relations  of  the  Society 
with  the  Southern  States. 

The  most  fruitful  period  of  his  ministry,  in  the  maturity  of  his  powers, 
was  as  the  pastor  of  the  Clinton  Avenue  Reformed  Church,  of  Newark. 


THE    MINISTRY  5-^ 

Here,  for  the  third  time,  he  was  called  to  take  charge  of  a  new  organiza- 
tion, and  in  this  interesting  field  he  spent  twent}'  years,  gathering  the  fruits 
of  an  earnest  ministry  and  a  faithful  pastorate,  which  left  their  im- 
pression upon  the  community  in  which  he  lived.  Besides  the  duties  of  his 
own  parish,  which  were  enough  for  one  man,  he  was  called  upon  for  a 
share  of  that  work  which  every  minister  in  a  large  city  finds  outside  of 
parochial  bounds,  in  the  evangelization  of  the  masses,  and  in  efforts  for 
reform  in  its  highest  sense.  He  had  taken  a  special  interest  for  the  better 
observance  of  the  Lord's  Day,  and  had  contributed  the  influence  of  his 
voice  and  pen. 

As  one  of  the  corresponding  secretaries  of  the  American  Sabbath  Union 
he  was  very  successful.  He  was  also  devoted  to  various  benevolent  activities 
and  was  of  great  aid  in  the  larger  work  of  the  Denomination.  His  service 
on  important  committees  of  the  General  Synod  was  of  the  highest  value. 

PiBLicwTioxs  :  He  wrote  many  articles  for  the  press,  published  sermons, 
discourses,  tracts,  etc.     For  a  list  see  Manual,  1902. 

Tavlor,   Wm.    Rivers    (son  of   Wm.   J.   R.   Taylor),   b.    Philadelphia,    Pa., 

"  Sept.  28,   1856;    R.C.  76,  N.B.S.  79,   lie.  CI.  Newark;    Franklin   Park, 

1879-84,  Philadelphia,  ist,  84-8,  (Presbyt.,  Rochester  (Brick  ch.),  N.Y., 

1888 ).      Director   of   Auburn    Seminary.      D.D.    by    University   of 

Rochester,  1891. 
Publications:      Sermons    and    Addresses. — Articles    for    the    Religious 
Press. — Address  at  175th  Anniversary  of  Six  Mile  Run  Church.     In  "Mem- 
orial." 
Tears,  Egbert,  b.  Montgomery,  N.Y.,  March  22,   1856.     R.C.   1878,  N.B.S. 

Died  Jan.  27,  1880. 
Teeuwissen,   W.      S.S.,    Chicago,    Northwestern,    1916-17. 
Te  Grootenhuis,  Dirk,  J.,  b.  Neth.,  Aug.  20,   1834.     Theo.   Sem.,  Kampen, 
1866.     Five  pastorates  in  the  Netherlands.     Hospers,  la.,  1895-9,  d.  Jan. 
3,  1910.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1910,  831. 
Te  Grootenhuis,  John  H.  E.,  b.  Haarlem,  Neths.,  May*29,  1873 ;    Gymnas- 
ium of  Kampen,  Neths.;    W.S.  98,  1.  CI.  Iowa;    Ebenezer,  at  Morrison, 
111.,    98-1903,    Muskegon,    Mich.,    3d,    1903-05,    Detroit,    Mich.,    1905-10, 
Coopersville,   Mich.,   S.S.,   1909,   Bethel,  Leota,  Minn.,   1910-15,   Clifton, 

1st   (Ho!.),  N.J.,  1915-19,  Chicago,  111.,  Summit,  1910 

Teichrich,   Henry.     Delaware    (Lennox),   S.D..   1894-7,   living  at   Pasadena, 

Cal.     Presbvterian  191 1. 
Tekolste,   Gerardus,  b.   Holland,   Neb.,   Nov.   8,    1876.     H.C.    1899,   W.T.S. 
1902,  1.  by  CI.  la.     Holland,  Alich.,  Ebenezer,  1902-03,  d.  Feb.  27.     Min. 
Gen.  Syn.,  1903,  527. 
Teller,  Henry  W.,  b.  at  Croton  Falls,  N.Y.,  July   16,   1843;    R.C;    P.S.; 
(Presb.  chs. ;   Essex,  Ct. ;  Sprinefield,  N.J.;    Cambridge,  N.Y.)  ;  Pomp- 
ton  Plains,  N.J.,  1885-July  2,  1891,  d. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Teller,  Jas.  H.,  from  Pres.  of  Washington.     Miss,  in  Ludlow  and  Orchard 

Sts.,  N.Y.C.,  1826-9.  d.  1830. 
Tellman,  Henry  E.,  b.  Ovcrisel,  Mich.,  Sept.  16,  1876.     H.C.   1901,  W.T.S. 
1906,  1.  by  CI.  Holland,  1906.     East  Overisel,  Mich.,  1906-11,  Pultney- 

ville,   N.Y.,    191 1-20,    Palmyra,    N.Y..    1920 ■ 

Ten  Eyck,  Conrad,  b.   1756;    studied  under  D.  Romeyn ;    Amsterdam,  New 
Harlem,   (Fonda's  Bush),  and  Alayfield,  1799-1803:    Veddersburg,  New 
Harlem,   and  Mayfield,   1803-4;     New   Harlem   and   Mayficld,    1804-12; 
Owasco  and    Sand   Beach.    (Owasco   Outlet).    12-26;    w.   c.     26-44,   d. 
Oct.  30,  1844. 
He  was  for  more  than  half  a  century  an  earnest  and  godly  minister,  of 
high  repute  in  his  own   Church,  and  greatly  esteemed  by  his   Presbyterian 
brethren,  especially  in  that  region,  with  whom,  in  doctrinal  views  and  meas- 
ures for  promoting  the  work  of  God,  he  was  in  such  close  sympathy." — Rev. 
Dr.  J.  B.  Thompson.     "Doc.  Hist.,  N.Y.,  4to  ed.  pp.  673,  683. 
See  Manuals  of  1879  and  1902. 


522  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Ten  Eyck,  Jas.  B.,  b.  at  Kingston,  N.Y.,  1798;    U.C.  1818,  N.B.S.  21,  lie. 
CI.  N.B.;    Berea,  1821-72,  d.  April  20. 
He  was  for  half  a  century  a  methodical,  faithful  pastor  upon  one  field. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Publications:     Translation   of    "Original    Records    of    R.D.C.    of    Deer 

Park   (Port  Jervis)."     1879. 

Ten  Eyck,  Wm.  Hoffman,  b.  at  Schenectady,  N.Y.,  May  19,  1818 ;  R.C. 
1845,  N.B.S.  1848,  lie.  CI.  N.B.;  Hyde  Park,  1848-53,  Astoria,  1853-73, 
d.  April  25,  1908.  D.D.  by  R.C,  1870.  Stated  Clerk  of  North  Classis 
L.I.,  1864-1905.  Permanent  Clerk  of  Gen.  Synod,  1871-1907.  Member 
of  Board  of  Ed.,  1859-1908.  Cor.  Delegate  to  Ger.  Ref.  Ch.,  1871  ;  to 
Gen.  Council,  Refd.  Epis.  Ch.  1879. 
Dr.  Ten  Eyck's  service  in  the  pastorate  was  worthy  but  his  especial  activity 

in  the  denomination  was  during  his  long  period  without  charge.     Through 

all  those  years  his  secretarial  and  executive  service  of  the  Reformed  Church 

was  such  as  to  win  the  highest  praise.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1908,  236. 

Publications:    Address  at  Fun.  of  Judge   R.   H.   Morris.     1855. — Add. 

at  Fun.  of  Mrs.  Mary  V.  A.  S.  Benner.     1867.— Add.  at  Fun.  of  Wm.  B. 

Bolles,   1885. — Pamphlet  on  "Scriptural   Temperance,"   1885. — Many  articles 

in  "Christian  Intelligencer"  and  in  secular  papers. 

Te  Paske,  Arend  J.,  b.  Nov.  21.  1887,  Orange  City,  la.  H.C.  1910,  W.T.S. 
1913,  1.  by  CI.  la.  1913.  Pella,  la.,  Bethel,  1913-16,  Grand  Rapids.  Mich., 
Bethel,  1917-20,  Marion,  N.Y.,  ist,  1920 

Te  Paske,  John  W.,  b.  Aalten,  Neth.,  Dec.  25,  1857.  H.C.  1893,  W.S.  96, 
1.  CI.  la.  Classical  Missionary,  CI.  of  Iowa,  1896-1901.  Serving  Silver 
Creek  and  Friesland,  Minn..  96-8,  Silver  Creek,  1898-1901.  Also  supply 
at  Maple  Lake.  1898-9,  Little  Falls,  N.J..  2d,  1901-06,  New  York  Mills, 
N.Y.,   1906-08,  Dolton,  111.,  1909-12,  Beaverdam,  Mich.,   1913-17,  Three 

Oaks,  Mich.,  1918 

Publications  :  Articles  in  De  Hope. 

Terborg,  J.  E.     PSkin,  2d,  111.,   1883-9. 

Terhune,  C.  Alexander,  b.  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.  University  of  N.Y.  Maine 
M.E.  Conference  Sem.  Course  1907,  1.  by  M.E.  Church  1898.  (M.E. 
pastorates  1898-1913.  Presbyterian).  Jersey  City,  Park  Church, 
1919 . 

Publications:    Sermons,  material  for  Homiletic  Monthly. 

Terhune,  Edward  P.,  b.  in  New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  Nov.  22,  1830;  R.C.  50, 
N.B.S.  54,  lie'  Presbyt.  N.B.,  June,  55;  ord.  by  Presbyt.  West  Han- 
over, Va.,  55;  (Charlotte  Court  House,  Presbyt.,  55-9),  Newark,  ist, 
59-76,  Chaplain  at  Rome,  Italy.  76-7,  (Springfield,  Mass.,  Cong.  Ch., 
79-84),  Williamsburg,  L.I.,  84-91,  (Brooklvn,  Puritan  Cong  Ch.,  91-5), 
d.  May  25,  1907.    D.D.  by  R.C,  1869. 

Terhune,  John  A.,  b.  Dec.  24.  1865.  P.C  1889,  P.S.  1892.  1.  by  Pres.  of  N.B. 
(Pres.  Huyhsonsville.  N.Y.,  1893-1901,  Millerton,  N.J.,  1901-12).  S.S., 
Hohokus,  N.J.,  1913-17,  Upper  Ridgewood  Community,  1917 

Terkeurst,  Hcnrv  Darwin,  b.  Hamilton,  Alich.  H.C  1914,  Univ.  111.  1915, 
W.T.S  1918.  1.  by  CI.  Holland.     Milwaukee,  Wis.,  1918 ■ 

Ter  Louw,  John  Samuel,  b.  Pella.  la.,  Nov.  11.  1889.  Central  Col.  1916, 
W.T.S.  191Q,  1.  bv  CI.  Pella.    Hamilton.  Mich.,  1919-21. 

Terrill,  Lewis  H.    N.B.S.  1832-4. 

Terwilliger,  Floyd  E.,  b.  Dwaarkill,  N.Y.,  Aug.  25,  1885.  N.B.S.  1914. 
S.S.  Kerhonksen,  N.Y.,  1913-16.  S.S.,  Wawarsing,  1915.     Not  ordained. 

Terry.  Roderick,  b.  Brooklyn.  N.Y..  Ap.  i.  1849;  Y.C  70,  And.  Th.  Sem. 
72,  U.T.S.  75;  ord.  bv  Presb.  Westchester.  Nov.  9,  75;  (Peekskill, 
N.Y.,  75-9),  N.Y.  Citv,  South,  1881-1904.     D.D.  by  C.N.J.,  1881. 

Te  Selle,  John  Wm.,  b.  Oostburg.  Wis..  Jan.  31,  1867;  H.C.  94.  W.S.  97, 
1.  CI.  la. ;  Carmel,  la.,  97-1900,  Hospers,  1900-1905,  North  Yakima, 
Wash.,   1905-06,  Fruitlands  Mesa,  Col.,  S.S.,   1911 

Tesschenmaeker,  Peter,  University  of  Utrecht,  i67i-(3?),  supplying  King- 


THE    MINISTRY  5^3 

ston.  1675-6;    Guiana,  S.A..  1676-8.  supplying  Kingston,  again,  Ap.Sept., 

1678    New  Amstcl,  Del.,  1679-82,  also  supplying  Staten  Island,  Bergen, 

etc..  occasionally.  1679-82,  Schenectady,  1682-91 ;    but  supplying  Hacken- 

sacic    1686-7.     Massacred  bv  the  Indians,  F"eb.  8,  1690.  ,      ,      •     1 

Tesschenmaeker  was  living  at  Kingston,  N.Y.,  in   1676    as  a  theological 

licentiate.     On    account    of    the    great    scarcity    of    Dutch    ministers,    only 

one   having  come   from   Holland   during  the  preceding   twelve   years    (Van 

Nieuwonhuvsen).    and   onlv   three   lieing   then    in    America,   the    Dtuch   and 

En<rlish  inhabitants  of   Kingston   united  in  petitioning  Governor  Andros  to 

find  means   for  the  ordination  of  young  Tesschenmaeker.  who  had  already 

as   a   proponent   officiated   for  them.     The    following   is   the   petition,    1676: 

"To  the  Right  Honorable  Sr.  Edmund  Andros,  Kt.  Signor.  of  Sauemares; 

Lieutenant    and    Governor-General    Under    His    Royal    Highness.    James, 

Duke  of  Yorke  and  Ali)any  and  Dependancies.  ,        ,  , 

"The  humble  Pettison  of  Severall  of  the  Inhabittance  of  Esopus  humbly 
showeth  unto  your  Honor,  _  ,      t     .       ^-  f  +u^ 

Whereas  this  place  is  destitute  of  a  Minister  for  the  Instruction  of  the 
people-  It  is  our  ernest  desiar  and  humble  request,  with  all  submission, 
that  i-our  Honor  will  bee  pleased  to  bee  aiding  and  assisting  in  the  pro- 
curing one  for  us  that  can  preache  both  Inglish  and  Duche.  which  wmU  be 
most  "fitting  for  this  place,  it  being  in  its  Minority  and  havmg  great  charges 
is  not  verv  able  to  "maintaine  two  Ministares ;  neethar  to  bee  at  the  Charge 
of  Sending  for  one  out  of  England  or  Holland ;  and  wee  are  informed, 
Mr  Peettar  Taschcmaker  is  at  libertv,  who  is  a  person,  well  knmvn  to 
your  Honor  and  officiated  in  this  place,  for  sum  time;  And  if  to  be  pro- 
cured is  very  well  aproved  and  much  dessired  In"  moste,  hee  Ix^nge  a  man 
of  a  Sobar  life  and  conversacon  having  Deportted  himselfe  to  satisfaction 
of  ye  Inhabitanse,— Wherefore  wee  humbly  pray  that  your  Honor  will  bee 
pleased  to  be  Instrumentall  in  the  same  and  your  Honors  hiimble  peti- 
tioners shall  every  pray,J'  etc.— Signed  by  49  names.      ("Doc.  Hist.,  N.\.. 

"''But  no  response  appears.  Tesschenmaeker,  for  reasons  unknown,  then 
went  to  Guiana,  where  he  remained  a  couple  of  years,  after  which  he  is 
found  in  Delaware.  The  people  there  greatly  desired  a  minister,  and 
requested  the  Dutch  clergv  to  organize  themselves  into  a  Classis,  and  ordain 
him  The  ministers  were  disposed  to  help  this  people  to  the  Gospel,  and  the 
Governor  desired  to  strengthen  his  distant  colony.  The  Governor,  there- 
fore, issued  the  following  order  : 

(Original  English  Copy). 
Sir  Edmond  Andros,  Knight,  etc. :  ^,        „    •        1    .-.  ^  \ 

Upon  Application  from  New  Castle  in  Delaware,  That  (being  destitute) 
Mr  Peter  Teschenmakcr  mav  be  admitted  to  be  their  minister;  By  vertue 
of  his  Majesty's  Letters  patent  and  authority  derived  unto  me,  I  do  here- 
by desire  and'authorise  you,  to  Examine' the  said  Mr.  Teschenmaeker  and 
if  you  shall  find  him  fittlv  Qualified,  that  then  you  ordaine  him  into  the 
ministry  of  the  Protestant  Reformed  Church  to  preach  Gods  word  and 
Administer  His  Holy  Sacraments,  and  give  him  testimonialls  tliereof,  as  is 

Given  under  mv  hand  and  seal  of  the  Province,  in  New  ^■orke.  the  thir- 
tieth day  of  September,  in  the  31st  year  of  his  Majesty's  Raigne.  Annoq. 
Domini  1679.  (This  was  the  thirty-first  year  of  Charles  II.  reckoning  from 
1649.  when  Charles  I  was  beheaded;  omitting  the  period  of  Cromwell). 

Edmond  Axdros. 

To  Mr  Guilielmus  Newenhuvsen.  minister  or  pastor  of  this  city^  or  any 
three  of  more  of  the  ministers  or  pastors  within  this  government.  Prepared 
and  examined  bv  me.  M.ntthi.vs  Nicou..';,  Sec. 

From  "General  Entries."  vol.  3-'.  P-  61,  in  the  Manuscript  Department 
of  the  State  Library  at  Albany,  N.Y.  Also  in  "Bi-Centennial  ot  the 
Church  of  Schenectady." 


524  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

The  above  English  copy  was  translated  into  Dutch ;  and  the  following 
is  a  translation  from  the  Dutch  back  into  the  English : 

I,  Edmond  Andross,  Knight,  Patroon  of  Sausmars,  Lieutenant  and  Gov- 
ernor-General Under  his  Royal  Highness,  James,  Duke  of  York  and  Al- 
bany, and  of  all  his  Provinces  in  America,  upon  the  request  of  the  people 
of  New  Castle,  do  order  that  Mr.  Peter  Tesschenmaeker  be  permitted  to 
be  their  minister.  By  virtue  of  his  Majesty's  letters  patent,  and  authority 
entrusted  to  me,  I  desire  and  authorize  you  to  examine  the  said  Mr.  Tess- 
chenmaeker, and  if  you  iind  him  capable,  to  ordain  him  to  the  service  of  the 
Protestant  Reformed  Church,  to  preach  God's  Word,  and  to  administer 
the  Lord's  Supper ;    and  to  give  him  the  usual  diploma. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  seal,  of  the  province  of  New  York,  the  30th 
of  September,  in  the  thirty-first  year  of  his  Majesty's  reign;  and  in  the 
year  of  our  Lord,  1679.  E.  Andros. 

The  above  order  was  directed  to  Mr.  William  Van  Nieuwenhuysen,  serv- 
ant of  the  Holy  Word  of  God  in  this  city,  or  three  or  more  other  minis- 
ters under  this  government.     Attested  by  Matthias  Nicholls,  Clerk. 

The  four  Dutch  ministers  then  in  the  Province  met  in  New  York  City, 
and  the   following   is  their  action,   which  we  give  in   full,  as  this  was 

THE    FIRST    ORDINATION    IN    NEW    YORK. 

Copy  of  the  Proceedings  in  our  meeting  at  New  York,  on  the  9th  of 
October,   1679,  in  the  matter  of  Domine  Petrus  Tesschenmaacker. 

To-day,  the  9th  of  October,  1679,  a  call  from  the  congregation  of  the 
South  River,  for  a  minister,  was  handed  in.  This  call  was  directed  to 
Domine  Petrus  Tesschenmaacker,  Candidatus  S.  Ministerii. 

But  inasmuch  as  such  a  case  is  without  precedent,  the  Dutch  ministers 
here  (on  the  request  of  his  Excellency,  Governor  Edmond  Andros,  and 
upon  exhibition  of  the  testimonials  of  the  preparatory  examination  of  said 
Domine  Petrus  Tesschenmaacker,  written  by  the  Dutch  and  English  Con- 
sistories at  the  Hague,  and  in  view  of  said  congregation's  necessities), 
feel  it  their  duty  to  ratify  the  call  of  this  candidate  as  minister  to  this  place, 
and  to  ordain  him. 

And  as  it  is  very  necessary  that  an  Overseer  (or  Bishop)  should  be  ap- 
proved; therefore,  the  Rev.  Assembly,  consisting  of  the  Dutch  ministers 
in  this  government,  together  with  other  church  officers  (elders),  do  ap- 
prove, without  any  special  objection,  the  testimonials  of  his  preparatory 
examination. 

It  was  then  further  resolved,  to  proceed  to  the  examination  for  ordina- 
tion.    (Lit.,  to  the  proinotie  itself). 

Domine  Tesschenm_aker  was  then  called  in  and  made  acquainted  with 
the  above  approbation  of  the  Rev.  Assembly.  He  was  further  asked, 
whether  he  was  inclined  to  accept  this  call,  and  to  serve  that  church  ac- 
cording to  the  Ecclesiastical  Rules  of  the  Rev.  Synod  of  Dort,  and  such 
other  ecclesiastical  regulations  as-  exist,  and  whether  he  would  conform  to 
the  same.  He  answered — Yes.  He  was  willing  and  he  bound  himiself  to 
observe  them. 

This  done,  Domine  Tesschenmaacker  was  first  heard  on  the  exposition 
of  the  text.  Matt.  5  :20,  "Except  your  righteousness  shall  exceed  the  right- 
eousness of  the  scribes,"  etc.  His  treatment  of  this  text  fully  satisfied  the 
Rev.  Assembly. 

The  Rev.  Assembly  then  proceeded  to  the  examination.  Domine  Wil- 
helmus  van  Nieuwenhuysen,  minister  of  the  Holy  Gospel  in  the  principal 
city  of  the  government.  New  York,  was  appointed  Examiner. 

The  examination  was  finished,  and  the  Rev.  Assembly  was  satisfied  with 
the  answers  of  Rev.  Tesschenmaacker,  so  that  finally  it  was  followed  up  by 
his  ordination  in  the  Name  of  the  Lord,  according  to  our  Ecclesiastical 
Rules  and  Forms.  Casparus  Van  Zuuren, 

Eccl.  on  Long  Island,  Secretary  of  the  meeting,  p.  t. 

The    four   Dutch   ministers,    Schaats,   Van    Nieuwenhuysen,    Van    Zuuren 


THE    MINISTRY  ^Sj 

and  Van  Gaasbeeck.  then  sent  the  following  letter  to  the  Classis  of  Am- 
sterdam, explaining  their  action  in  ordaining  Teeschenmacker. 
Reverend,  Pious,  Very  Learned,  N'ery  Prudent  Gentlemen,  Fathers  and 
Brethren  in  Christ. 
Sirs:— In  our  common  Christian  faith,  the  saints  profess  to  have  fel- 
lowship with  their  Saviour,  and  through  him  to  possess  a  common  heri- 
tage of  blessings.  Therefore,  believers  must  help  one  another  m  every  pos- 
sible way.  Thev  should  console,  admonish,  edify  and  strengthen  one  an- 
other, as  they  be'come  aware  of  the  favorable  or  unfavorable  circumstances 
of  a  neighbor  or  brother.  They  should  weep  with  those  who  weep,  and 
rejoice  with  those  who  rejoice;  for  nothing  can  occur  to  any  believers 
without  the  svmpathetic  knowledge  of  others  in  Christ.  He  is  the  Head, 
and  to  Him  all  the  members  of  the  body  belong.  For  this  reason,  we,  who 
are  obliged  to  labof  in  this  transatlantic  country,  seeking  to  cultivate  the 
vineyard  of  the  Lord  so  far  away  from  the  great  body  of  the  Church,  feel 
compelled  to  strive  to  keep  up  our  fellowship  with  the  churches  in  the 
Fatiierland,  and  especially  with  those  of  our  own  Classis. 

Therefore,  according  to  vour  order  and  request,  that  we  should  write 
you  about  all  our  circumstances,  that  the  welfare  of  the  members  of  Christ 
may  be  the  better  promoted,  and  His  whole  body  edified;  His  honor  ad- 
vanced and  His  Kingdom  extended;  and  that  in  accordance  with  the  Apos- 
tles' injunction,  "Let  all  things  be  done  decently  and  in  order,"  as  well  as 
amicably,  so  as  to  prevent  confusion  and  misunderstanding,  (we  report)  : 
That  some  time  ago,  namely,  in  the  spring  of  1678,  there  arrived  here 
one  Peter  Tesschenmacker,  a  bachelor  of  divinity.  He  had  passed  his 
preparatory  examination  at  Rhenen,  in  the  parish  of  Utrecht.  He  subse- 
quently accompanied  the  fleet  destined  for  Guyana,  under  Director  N. 
Price,  and  had  previously  been  a  preacher  in  the  English  church  at  The 
Hague.  And  although  the  certificate  of  his  examination  was  not  exhibited 
to  us,  because  it  had  been  wrested  from  him  by  the  enemy,  together  with 
other  property  and  papeps,  at  the  conquest  of  Guyana;  nevertheless,  upon 
the  testimony  of  certain  people  here,  who  knew  him,  and  had  also  heard 
of  his  gifts  in  preaching,  he  was  permitted  by  us  to  officiate.  This  he  has 
now  frec|uentlv  done,  and  in  several  different  churches  here,  to  general 
satisfaction  aiid  edification.  Besides  preaching  in  other  places,  he  per- 
formed this  duty  for  four  months  in  the  congregation  of  Esopus,  which 
is  now  served  by  the  Rev.  Domine  Laurentius  van  Gaasbeeck.  In  the 
autumn  of  1678,  he  was  requested  by  the  congregation  of  South  River  to 
take  his  turn  in  preaching  there,  and  admonish  the  people  to  piety  and 
godliness.  He  performed  this  duty  so  well  that  that  church,  to  the  general 
gratification  of  everybody  there,  called  him  to  be  their  preacher,  and  the 
minister  of  the  Holy  Word  and   Sacraments. 

In  order  to  obtain  the  ratification  of  their  call  to  him,  and  his  ordination 
for  such  a  service  in  the  most  convenient  and  speediest  manner,  the  com- 
missioners of  said  congregation  first  addressed  themselves  to  us,  notifying 
us  of  their  call,  and,  with  urgent  reasons,  earnestly  requesting  us,  to  meet 
in  New  York,  with  our  elders,  and  deliberate  on  this  business,  in  order_  to 
give  proper  assistance  to  their  church.  This  was,  indeed,  an  affair  needing 
great  deliberation,  as  it  would  be  fraught  with  weighty  consequence.  Yet 
some  of  our  church-members  made  not  a  few  difficulties  about  it.  But  the 
Noble,  Very  Worshipful  and  Honorable  Governor  of  this  country  (An- 
dros),  who  was  advised  of  the  request  of  that  congregation,  also  earnestly 
desired  to  see  their  prosperity.  Accordingly,  he  served  notice  upon  us, 
authorizing  and  requiring  us,  the  ministers  in  this  land,  to  meet  together 
in  the  form  of  a  Classis,  and  to  examine  the  said  Domine  Tesschenmacker, 
•  and  advance  him,  if  he  were  found  qualified  to  the  ministry.  This  de- 
mand made  upon  us  by  his  Honor,  will  be  best  understood  from  a  copy, 
showing  the  authorization  or  order  itself.  This  is  a  translation  from  the 
English  original,  which  is  on  file  here,  and  which  was  signed  by  the  Gov- 
ernor himself. 


526  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Thus,  legally  impelled  thereto,  the  advancement  of  Domine  Tesschen- 
macker  was  resolved  on  by  us,  and  carried  out  on  the  9th  of  October,  1679. 
In  performing  this  act,  we  regulated  ourselves  by  the  laudable  customs 
and  orders  of  the  churches  in  our  Fatherland.  For  the  proper  perform- 
ance of  his  duties,  we  bound  him  by  promises  and  his  own  subscription, 
just  as  we  were  bound  to  the  same  duties  by  j-our  Reverences.  Previous 
to  our  action  there  had  also  arrived  excellent  testimonials  concerning  the 
character  and  preaching  abilities  of  Domine  Tesschenmacker,  from  the 
Rev.  Consistories  of  the  Dutch  and  English  congregations  at  The  Hague. 
The  candidate  himself,  also,  in  his  sermon  gave  full  satisfaction  to  all 
the  members  of  our  Assembly ;  and  in  his  replies  to  our  questions  gave 
also  very  appropriate  and  excellent  answers. 

If  in  this  business  anything  has  been  done  by  us,  which  is  not  within 
our  official  functions,  or  Christian  (Church)  Order,  we'  humbly  and  frater- 
nally request  that  you  will  look  at  our  procedure  with  that  benevolent  dis- 
position, which  hopeth  all  things,  bclicveth  all  things,  endureth  all  things. 
Your  Reverences  are  well  aware  that  human  hearts  are  like  the  soil  of 
earth.  If  it  be  uncared  for,  and  left  uncultivated,  it  generally  produces 
nothing  else  than  briars  and  thorns.  If  a  grapevine  is  to  bear  good  fruit, 
no  labor  must  be  spared  upon  it.  And  in  the  particular  case  of  this  people, 
it  is  especially  necessary,  as  it  is  a  wild  country,  and  the  way  of  speaking 
is  apt  to  be  also  somewhat  rough.  The  manner  of  life  is  also  correspond- 
ingly corrupt.  The  opportunities  for  evil  are  also  manifold.  Of  these 
things,  the  commissioners  of  that  congregation  (New  Amstel,  or  New 
Castle,  Delaware)  have  *frequently  and  sadly  told  us.  The  same  things 
we  also  occasionally  find  among  our  own  people. 

One  must  consider  also  the  inconvenience  of  the  winter  season  here; 
the  dangers  of  the  voyage,  if  the  candidate  should  seek  to  obtain  his  ad- 
vancement from  your  Reverences;  the  embarrassments  of  the  congrega- 
tion by  the  long  delay.  For  that  congregation  now  numbers  about  one 
hundred  and  sixty  or  more.  Then,  also,  the  impossibility  of  our  admin- 
istering the  Holy  Sacraments  there  during  the  interval;  for  it  is  about 
forty  (Dutch)  miles  (one  hundred  and  twenty  English  miles)  distant  from 
here  (New  York)  ;  and  our  presence  here  is  also  always  very  necessary. 
And  above  all,  consider  the  zeal,  as  well  as  the  order,  of  our  Worshipful, 
Honorable  Governor,  whom  it  would  not  be  safe  to  disobey.  Now,  all 
these  circumstances  and  reasons  have  induced  us  to  undertake  this  busi- 
ness, shaping  our  action  to  the  situation  in  which  we,  at  present,  find 
ourselves.  We  hoped  thereby  also  to  ward  off  further  evils  and  misfor- 
tunes from  ourselves.  We  trust,  therefore,  that  your  Reverences  will 
please  to  pardon  us,  and  inform  us  thereof  by  letter  as  soon  as  oppor- 
tunity offers. 

Relying  thereon,  we  close  with  the  prayer  that  God,  the  Almighty,  may 
be  pleased  to  bless  your  counsels  both  in  the  Classis  and  the  churches,  as 
well  as  your  services,  yourselves,  and  your   families. 

Gideon  Schaats,  Pastor  at  New  Albany,  President. 
WiLHELMUS  VAN  NiEUWENH UYSEN,  Pastor  at  New  York,  Examiner. 
Casparus  Van  Zuuren,  Ecc.  on  Long  Island,  Scribe. 
Laurentius  Van  Gaasbeeck,  Ecc.  Esopiensis. 

(No  date;  but  Nov.,  1679). 

classis    of    AMSTERDAM. 

Correspondence   from   America. 

(A  "Minute,"  made  by  some  party  unknown,  connected  with  the  call 
and  ordination  of  Domine  Peter  Tesschenmacker,  as  minister  of  the  church 
of  New  Castle,  on  the  South  River,  Delaware.     1679). 

The  ministers  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Churches  were  invited  to  meet 
together  and  deliberate,  viz.,   Domine   Schaats,  of   New   Albany;    Domine 


THE   MINISTRY  527 

Van  Nicuwenhuyscn,  of  New  York;  Dominc  Van  Zuuren,  of  Long  Island, 
and  Dominc  Van  Gaasbeeck,  of  Esopus. 

They  assembled  at  the  house  of  Domine  Van  Nieuwenhuysen  in  New 
York.  Domine  Van  Gaasbeeck,  not  having  yet  arrived,  it  was  thought  best, 
after  full  debate,  to  proceed  with  the  (examination),  at  the  request  of 
Messrs.  Moll  and  Ephraim  Hermans,  delegates  from  the  congregation  of 
New  Castle;  and  especially  at  the  request  of  his  Excellency,  the  (iovernor, 
who  had   furnished  the  above  delegates  with  a  letter. 

Hereupon  the  time  and  manner  of  the  examination  and  ordination  were 
fixed.  It  was  resolved  to  proceed,  after  nine  days,  viz.,  on  the  9th  of  Oc- 
tober, (1679).  Domine  Schaats  was  appointed  President  of  the  Classis ; 
Domine  Van  Nieuwenhuysen,  examiner;  Domine  Van  Zuuren,  secretary, 
and  Domine  Van  Gaasbeeck,  assessor.  It  was  also  resolved  that  Matt. 
5  -.20  should  be  assigned  as  the  subject  upon  which  the  candidate  should 
preach ;  and  that  the  ordination  should  be  attended  by  the  Consistories  of 
the  above  churches. 

On  the  day  appointed,  Thursday,  all  the  members  were  present.  The 
above-named  delegates  were  asked  whether  Mr.  Tesschenmacker  had  been 
freely  and  voluntarily  chosen  as  their  minister,  and  whether  they  desired 
he  should  be  ordained  as  such,  by  this  Assembly,  constituted  in  the  form 
of  a  Classis.  The  answer  was  yes.  On  the  other  hand,  Domine  Tesschen- 
macker was  asked  whether  he  was  satisfied  with  the  conditions  requested 
of  him  in  relation  to  the  service,  and  purposed  to  fulfill  them  faithfully. 
He  declared  his  good  intentions,  answering  yes. 

They  then  proceeded  to  the  examination  of  Domine  Tesschenmacker. 
He  defended  against  objections,  and  e.xplained  satisfactorily  to  all,  Alatt. 
5  :20.  In  his  examination  he  manifested  such  proficiency  in,  and  acquaint- 
ance with,  theology,  as  to  command  the  approbation  of  all  the  members. 
He  was  then  ordained  by  Domine  Van  Nieuwenhuysen  by  the  laying  on  of 
hands. 

After  some  days,  the  ix^cessary  instructions  and  orders,  signed  by  all 
the  members,  were  handed  to  the  person  ordained.  Those  agreed  with  the 
instructions  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  and  the  Rules  of  Church  Gov- 
ernment of  the  Synod  of  Dort.  It  was  also  stipulated  that  as  the  minis- 
ters here  who  ordained  Domine  Tesschenmacker,  recognized  their  de- 
pendence upon  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam,  and  felt  themselves  bound  faith- 
fully to  correspond  with  that  Classis  in  all  special  circumstances ;  so  also 
Domine  Tesschenmacker  should  acknowledge  the  same  subordination,  and 
carry  on  correspondence. 

The  above  proceedings  were  transmitted  by  letter  to  the  Classis  of  Am- 
sterdam, with  the  order  and  authority  of  the  Governor  in  November 
following  ( 1679). 

The  following  action  appears  on  the  "Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Am- 
sterdam" in  reference  to  this  ordination  : 

.\CTS    OF    THK    CL.'>iSSIS    OF    .\M  STF-KD.^M. 

Final  Examination  of  Rc7\  Peter  Tcsschcinihikcr  in  Nczv  Ncthcrland. 

1680,  Jan.  29.  A  letter  from  New  Netherland  was  read  by  the  Deputies 
ad  res  Maritimas,  in  which  it  is  made  known  that  the  ministers  there,  by 
order  of  the  Governor  (Andros),  had  subjected  to  final  examination,  after 
the  manner  of  a  Classical  Assembly,  and  ordained  to  the  ministry,  the 
candidate.  Rev.  Peter  Tesschenmaker.  who  had  been  called  as  minister 
to  the  South  River.  It  was  resolved  that  the  Rev.  Deputati  aforesaid  shall 
write  to  them,  that  this  Assembly  is  pleased  to  be  satisfied  with  their 
labors  in  this  i)articular  in.stance,  and  give  them  thanks  for  their  account 
thereof.  They  recommend  to  them,  however,  the  praiseworthy  corre- 
spondence with  this  Rev.  Classis.  and  the  maintenance  of  that  good  order 
customary  in  the  churches  of  the  Fatherland,    vii.  223.    xix.  196. 

The  following  letter  was  sent  in  reply : 


528 


THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 


1680,   April   2.     The    Classis   of   Amsterdam   to   the    Dutch    Ministers    in 
America,     xxvii.  137. 
Most  Worthy  and  Reverend  Bethren  and  Co-laborers  : — 

Having  further  considered  the  occurrence  of  the  appointment  of  the  Rev. 
Tesschenmaker  as  pastor  on  the  South  River,  we  cannot  judge  otherwise 
than  that  your  Reverences  have  acted  legally,  wisely  and  well  in  that  mat- 
ter, even  as  the  present  need  and  service  of  the  church  demanded.  We 
cordially  and  fully  assent  to  all  that  was  done,  and  gratefully  acknowl- 
edge that  the  same  has  been  communicated  to  us  so  circumstantially, 
clearly  and  with  so  well-cut  a  quill.  We  heartily  desire  that  the  com- 
mendable correspondence  may  continue,  and  that  all  the  excellent  orders, 
customary  in  our  Fatherland  churches,  may  be  fully  observed,  unto  greater 
unity  and  the  best  interests  of  God's  Church. 

Herewith,  Reverend  Brethren,  we  desire  the  blessing  of  the  Most  High 
upon  your  services,  yourselves  and  your  families.  May  he  spare  you,  with 
health  of  soul  and  body,  to  the  increase  of  his  dearly  bought  church,  and 
to  the  glory  of  His  great  Name;    while  we  remain, 

Your    Reverences,    Obedient   and    Affectionate    Brethren    and    Fellow-La- 
borers, of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.     In  the  name  of  all  : 
Peter  Schaack, 

Dep.  ad  res  Maritimas,  p.  t.  Prseses. 
Zegerus  van  Zan, 

Collegii  Dep.  ad  res  Maritimas,  p.  t.  Scriba. 

A.   WOLPHUS   DUCHER, 

Dep.*  ad  res  Maritimas. 

Amsterdam,  April  2,  1680. 

The  relations  of  Domine  Tesschenmaeker  and  the  church  of  South 
River,  largely  owing  to  the  difficulties  of  a  frontier  settlement,  were  not 
so  pleasant  as  might  be  desired.  In  two  or  three  years  he  earnestly  sought 
another  settlement,  preaching  on  Staten  Island,  at  Hackensack,  Bergen, 
and  elsewhere,  and  finally  settled  at  Schenectady  in  1682.  Nine  years  later 
he  was  one  of  the  victims  of  the  terrible  Indian  massacre  there. 

The   French  were  seeking  to  gain   control  of  the   Indian  trade,  and  had 
carefully  planned  the  capture  of  Albany  and  New  York  from  the  English, 
the   year   before.      The   plan   was   not   wholly   carried   out,   but   a   party   of 
French   and   Indians   left   Montreal,   and   proceeding   by   the   way   of    Lake 
Champlain,    intended   to   attack    Albany.      But   the    Indian   chiefs    not   con- 
senting, they  turned  off  toward  Schenectady.     They  gave  orders  that  Tess- 
chenmaeker's   life   should   be   spared,   on   account   of    the   information   they 
could  obtain  from  him.     But  his  house  was  not  known,  and  before  he  could 
be  personally  recognized,   he  was   slain,  and  his   house  and  papers   burned. 
His   head   was   cloven   open,   and   his   body   burned   to   the   shoulder-blades. 
This  took  place  on  a  Saturday  night  at  midnight.     Sixty  persons  lost  their 
lives — "N.  Y.  Gen.  Entries."  xxxii.  61.     "Doc.  Hist.,"  i.   179-195;    iii.   583. 
"Col.   Hist.,"   iii.   458;   v.  458;   ix.   468.      "Broadhead's   N.Y.,"   ii.      "R.D.C. 
Mag.,"  ii.  328   "Smith's  N.Y.,"  66,   116,   125.     "Centen.  Discs.,"  50.     "Dan- 
ker and  Sluyter's  Journal,"  iii,  142,  160,  190,  222.     See  many  documents  and 
letters  in  Ecc.  Records  of  State  of  New  York,  Manual,  1902. 
Tetard,   Jean   Pierre    (French   Refd.),  b.   in   Switzerland,    1722;     (Charles- 
ton,  S.C.,   1758-64,  in  the   Huguenot   Ch.  there)  ;    supplied   the   French 
Ch.,    N.Y.C.,    1764-6,    Fordham    and    New    Rochelle,    frequently,    1766- 
75 ;    appointed  French  interpreter  on   Gen.   Schuyler's   staff,  and  chap- 
lain   to    the    N.Y.    forces,    with    major's    pay,    July    6,    1775 — going    to 
Canada;  Professor  of  French  in  Columbia  College,  1783-7,  d. 

He  was   the   last   minister   in  the  old   Dutch  meeting-house  at   Fordham, 
which  was  built   1706. — "Doc.   Hist.,"   iii.  315.     "Watson's   Huguenots,"   87, 
88.     "Waldron's   Fordham."     See  also   "Collections  of   the   Huguenot   So- 
ciety." 
Teves,  John,  b.  Harlingen,  Holland,  March  7,   1854.     Univ.  Utrecht   1875. 


THE    MINISTRY  529 

Served  churches  in  the  Netherlands.     Rec'd  from  Ref.  Ch.  of  Nether- 
land,  1908.    N.Y.  Mills,  1909-10,  S.S.,  Holland,  Mich.,  Gilderland,  1911- 
12,  d.  July  23.  1913.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1914,  251. 
Te  Wmkel,  John  William,  b.  at  \V inter swyck,  Neths.,  Feb.  12,  1836;    H.C. 
66,  W.S.  69,  lie.  CI.  Holland;    Oostburg,   Wis.,  69-71,  Holland,   Neb., 
71-5,  Abbe  Church,  Clymer  Village,  75-6,  Kalamazoo,   ist,  76-82.  East 
Williamson,  82-6,  Alto,  Wis.,  86-8,   Fulton,  111.,  88-95,   Grand   Rapids, 
9th,  95-9,  Muscatine,  la.,  99-1901,  d.  Nov.  6. 
He  came  to   America   in    1854  with   his   parents,   who   settled  at   Clymer, 
N.Y.     He  was  among  the  first  students  of   Holland  Academy,  Hope  Col- 
lege and  the  Western  Seminary.     He  was  the  pioneer  Dutch  pastor  at  Hol- 
land,   Neb.,    and    through    his    efforts    many   were    induced    to    settle    there, 
whereby  a  Reformed  Church  was  soon  established.     For  a  while,  many  of 
the  new  settlers  were  obliged  to  live  in  "Dug-outs,"  and  experienced  many 
of  the  privations  and  discomforts  of  early  life  on  the  prairies;  but  through 
the  efficient  leadership  of  their  pastor,  a  substantial  church  and  parsonage 
were    erected,    and    the    congregation    is    now    strong-  and    flourishing.     He 
was  an  acceptable  preacher,   and   richly  blessed   in   all   his   pastorates.     He 
was  one  of  the  special  friends  of  Missions.     He  loved  the  young  especially, 
and  was  always  a  consistent  and  enthusiastic  servant  of  Christ. 

Publications  :     A  frequent  contributor  to  the  "Volksvriend"  under  the 
nom  de  plume  of  "Clericus." 
Thatcher,    Chs.    O.,   b.    Amsterdam,   N.Y.    1842;    U.C.    64.    P.S.    67;    Chit- 

tenango,  80-7.     Other  details,  see  "P.  Sem.  Cat." 
Theilken,   John   G.,  b.   in   Germany,   H.C.    1896,   W.S.   99;    1-   by   CI.    P.P. 
Wellsburg,  la.  1899-1908,  Belmond,  la.,  Emmanuel,  1908-09.,  Aleservey, 
la.,  S.S.  1909,  \\'ellsburg,  la.,  1910-14.  Forreston,  111.,  1914 — 
Thena,  Robert,  b.  Feb.  7,  1886;  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Ursinus  Col.,  Mc  Cormick 
Sem.,   1918,  1.  by  Gl.  St.  Joseph  Ref.  Ch.  U.S.    (Plymouth,  Ind.,  Ref. 
Ch.  U.S.  1919-21),  Brooklyn,  Kent  St.,  1921 — 
Thomas,   Eugene   Ellis,   b.    North  Attleboro',   Mass.   Jan.   7,    1851 ;    Brown 
University,  70,  Newton  Theolog.  Inst.  TZ  \  lie.  by  Baptist  Ch.,  N.  Attle- 
boro,  70;    ord.   by   Merrimack   River   Assoc,   "/i;     (North   Tewksbury, 
Mass.  73-6,  Woonsocket,  R.  I.  76-84,  Newbiiryport,  IMass.  84-8,  Nyack, 
N.Y.,  Feb.,  88-Nov.  89:  all  Baptist  chs.),  Tarrytown,  2d,  N.Y.,  89-94, 
Castleton,  N.Y.,   1894 — 1904,   Dec.  5. 
Also  chaplain  Mass.  State  Almhouse,  73-6 ;  chairman  of  Bd.  of  Educa- 
tion,   Tewksbury,    Mass.    74-6;    superintendent    of    Public    Schools,    W^oon- 
socket,  R.I.  80-4;  member  of  R.I.  House  of  Representatives,  80-2,  and  au- 
thor of   law   for   apportionment   of    Senators   and    Representatives    in   that 
State.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1905,  285. 

Publications:  "Biographical  Cj-c.  of  Rhode  Island,"  1881.  "Brown 
University  Hist.  Catalog.,"  1884.  "Gen.  Cat.  of  Newton  Theolog.  Sem.," 
1899.  Author  of  "Future  Punishment,"  1878.  "Woonsocket,  R.I.,  School 
Reports,"  1880-4.  Ed.  of  "Woonsocket  Patriot,"  daily  and  weekly  editions, 
1879-81. 

Thomas,  Moses,  b.  BarrvviUe,   N.Y.   1845,  Wms.  Coll.  67,  U.S.  69;   Fish- 
kill,  1881-8.     Other  details,  sec  "U.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 
Thompson,  Abram    (brother  of  John  B.  Thompson),  b.   Readington,   N.J., 
1833;  R.C.  57,  N.B.S.  61,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia;  Miss,  at  Pella,  la.,  62-8, 
Pella,  2d,  68-71,  S.S.,  Pekin,  111.  71-2.  S.S..  Pella,  2d,  72-4,  Rector  of 
Rutgers  Coll.  Grammar  School,  74-6,  N.Y.C.,  Knox  Memorial  Chapel, 
77-1886,  d.  Sept.  18. 
He  united  in  a  rare  degree  the  best  qualities  of  a  student  and  a  pastor 
See  Manual  1902. 

Thompson,  Alexander  Ramsay,  b.  in  N.Y.C..  Oct.  16,  1822;  N.Y.U.  36-8, 
R.C.  39-40,  N.Y.U.  41-2.  P.S.  45.  lie.  2d  Presbyt.  of  N.Y. ;  assist,  of 
Dr.  Brodhead.  Central  Ch.  Brooklyn,  45 ;  (assist,  of  Dr.  Thos.  Ma- 
cauly,  Astor  PI.  N.Y.C.,  Presbyt.  45;  Morristown,   N.  J.,  4*6-7),  Miss. 


530  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Bedford,   Brooklyn,   47-8,   Tompkinsville,  48-51,    Stapleton,   51-Q,    (S.S. 
Cong.  Ch.  Bridgeport,  Ct.  59-62),  21st  St.  N.Y.C.  62-73,  N.  Brooklyn, 
73-84,  also  Chaplain,  N.  Eng.  Hospital,  N.Y.C,  63-5,  Chaplain,  Roose- 
velt  Hospital,   N.Y.C.  73-95,  d.   Feb.   7.     D.D.  by   N.Y.U.    1866.     See 
Manual  1902. 
Publications  :     "Casting   Down    Imaginations" :   a    Ser.   at   the   Opening 
of  Gen.   Syn.     1874. — "The  Points  of   Similarity  between  the   Struggle   for 
Independence  in  America  and  that  of  our   Holland  Ancestors."     In   "Cen- 
tennial Discs."     1876. — Translations  of  many  early  Latin  and  Greek  hymns. 
(His    daughter    published    a    volume    of    his    ballads    and    hymns).      Many 
contributions  to  the  "S.S.  Times." 
Thompson,  D.R.     Fort  Miller,  1843. 

Thompson,  Elias  Wortman,  b.  Readington,  N.  J.,  March  31,  1866;  R.C. 
89,  N.B.S.  92,  lie.  CI.  Raritan ;  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  Talmage  Memorial 
Ch.  92-94,  Miss,  at  Havana,  111.,  94-95,  Philadelphia,  ist  (Assoc. 
Pastor),  95-96;  Paterson  (Broadway),  1896-1904,  Missionary  Superin- 
tendent,   Okla.,    1904-06,    Hastings-on-Hudson,    N.Y.,    1906 .      D.D., 

H.C.,  1916.     Chairman  Finance  Com.  Bd.  of  Education,  R.C. A.,  1908-12. 
Pres.  of  the  Bd.,  1912-21. 
Bd.,  1912-21. 

Publications:  History  of  Classis  of  Paramus,  1901.  History  of  Broad- 
way Ref.  Ch.,  Paterson,  N.J.,  1901.  History  of  Ref.  Ch.,  Glen  Rock,  N.J., 
1900.  Historical  Sketch  of  the  Van  Bunschotan  Bequest,  1915. 
Thompson,  Henry  Post,  b.  in  Readington,  N.J.,  Nov.  30,  1831  ;  R.C.  54; 
N.B.S.  57,  1.  CI.  ♦Philadelphia ;  Peapack,  ^~-7i;  w.  c.  Died  Oct.  22, 
1891. 
A  child  of  grace,  of  kindly  disposition,  correct  and  faithful  as  a  youth 
and  a  man,  an  acceptable  teacher  and  a  diligent  student,  he  endeared  him- 
self to  all  his  associates.  Of  excellent  judgment, 'as  well  as  of  business 
qualifications,  he  was  the  counsellor  and  friend  of  his  people,  who  con- 
sulted him  in  all  their  affairs.  He  wrote  their  deeds  and  their  wills,  and 
advised  them  with  reference  to  the  things  of  this  life  while  doing  also  all 
the  work  of  a  pastor  among  them.  It  was  a  great  grief  to  him,  as  well  as 
to  them,  when  an  affection  of  the  spinal  cord  so  disabled  him  from  active 
service  that  he  was  obliged  to  resign  his  charge.  Returning  to  his  father's 
house  at  Readington,  he  dwelt  among  his  own  kin  until  he  entered  into 
rest.     See  Manual  1902. 

PuBLic.iiTiONS :     A    sermon    in    memoriam,    Abraham    Lincoln,     1866. — 
Funeral  sermon  of  Rev.  Dr.  John  Van  Liew,  1869. — "Lessons  on  the  Gos- 
pel,"   in    "S.S.    Times,"    July-Dec,    1871 — "Incidents    of    Christian    Work," 
1876. — -"History  of  the  Reformed  Church  of  Peapack,"   1881. — "History  of 
the   Reformed   Church   of    Readington,"    1882. — "History   of   the    Reformed 
Church    of     Bedminster,"     1884. — Many    contributions     to     "The     Sower," 
"Christian  at  Work,"  "Advance,"  "Occident,"  and  New  Jersey  papers. 
Thompson.   John   Bodine,   b.   in   Readington,   N.J.,   Oct.    14.    1830:    R.C.    51, 
,     teacher,   and  agent  of   N.J.   Teacher's   Assoc.   51-7,   N.B.S.   58,   lie.   CI. 
Philadelphia ;    Resident    Graduate,    58-9 ;    Metuchen,    59-66,    Tarrytown, 
1st,  66-9,   Saugerties,  69-71,    (Free  Church,   Italy,  71-3),   Peekskill  and 
Courtlandtown.   73-4,  Catskill,   74-84.    (ist   Presbyt.   Ch.   Berkeley,   Cal. 
84-8 ;   also  Professor  in  Theolog.   Sem.,   San   Francisco,  and  editor  of 
"Occident"  of  that  city;  Inverness,  Cal.  89,  S.S.  of  churches  in  Tren- 
ton, 90-1),  Highland  Park,  91-6,  w.  c.  d.  Sept.  4,  1907. 
He   was   prominent    in    the    Educational    Revival    in    New   Jersey,    which 
began  about   1850.     During  three  years   he   traveled  throughout   the   State, 
holding   Teachers'    Institutes   and   pleading    in   behalf    of    Normal    Schools. 
He  was  made  Chairman  of  the  Synod's  Committee  to  provide  Hymn  Books 
for  public  and  social  worship,   and  the  book  thus  prepared,  called  "Chris- 
tian Praise,"  has  had  a  very  large  circulation  throughout  the  churches.     He 
spent  two  years,  187 1-3,  in  Italy,  and  cast  in  his  lot  with  the  new  evangeli- 


THE    MINISTRY  531 

cal  church  (Chicsu  Libera  Italiana)  which  was  then  arising,  and  of  which 
the  famous  orator,  Altssandro  Gavazzi,  was  the  principal  evangehst.  With 
him  he  twice  made  the  tour  of  the  United  States,  visiting  churches  in 
almost  every  State  of  the  Union.  By  these  efforts,  about  $50,000  were  raised 
for  evangelical  work  in  Italy.  Declining  an  invitation  of  the  Board  of 
Foreign  Missions  to  take  a  professionship  in  Japan,  he  entered  on  his  pas- 
torate at  Catskill,  where  his  most  effective  ministerial  work  was  done. 
While  serving  the  Berkeley  Church  in  California,  he  was,  for  a  time,  the 
editor  of  "The  Occident,"  the  Presbyterian  paper  of  the  Pacific  coast,  and 
also  a  professor  in  the  Presbyterian  Theological  Seminary  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. In  1888-9  he  again  visited  Italy,  and  upon  returning  to  California, 
he  spent  a  year  in  laying  out  and  establishing  the  Presbyterian  Summer 
Resort  at  Inverness,  a  name  given  to  it  by  Dr.  Thompson.  He  was  long 
an  earnest  student  of  Philosophy,  and  in  his  sermons  and  addresses  endeav- 
ored to  present  old  truths  in  their  proper  relations  to  new  facts.  He  was 
an  advocate  of  the  restatement  of  Christian  doctrine  on  a  trinitarian  plan. — 
See  also  Dr.  AI.  Cohen  Stuart's  "Zes  Maanden  in  Amerika,"  Vol.  ii.  pp. 
66-74;  and  Dr.  David  Murray's  "Hist,  of  Education  in  New  Jersey,"  pages 
107-198. 

Publication's  :  Church  Manual  (Liturgy  and  Record  ist  Ch.  Tarry- 
town.  1867;  2d.  Bd.  enlarged  for  Ch.  at  New  Haven,  1868;  Asst.  Editor 
Hymn  of  Prayer  and  Praise,  1870;  Asst.  Editor  Christian  Praise,  1870, 
Lessons  on  the  Gospels  1870-71,  Asst  Editor  Christian  Praise  for  Baptist 
Ch.  1872.,  also  many  sermons,  addresses,  articles.  See  Manual,  1902. 
Thompson,  John  Henry   (son  of  Abram  Thompson),  b.  at  Pella,  la.,  Feb. 

20,   1873;    R.C.  94;   N.B.S.   94-95,   U.T.S.  95-97,  assist,   pastor,   Presb. 

Irvington,  N.Y.  1896-7.     B.D.  by  U.T.S.  1897.     In  business. 
Thompson,   William,  b.  June    i,    1813;    R.C.  41;    N.B.S.  44;    Stone   House 

Plains,  45-46.  d.     See  Alanual  of   1879. 
Thompson.   William   J.,   b.   in    Rcadington,   N.J.,   March  8,   1812;    R.C.   34; 

tutor  in  Ancient  Langs,  in  R.C.  38-41  ;  N.B.S.  41  ;  Ponds  and  Wyckoff, 

42-5;   Rector  of   R.C.  Grammar   School,  46-62;   Principal  of  Classical 

Institute.  Somcrville,  N.J.,  65-67,  d.  March  19. 
He  was  a  born  teacher.  He  knew  how  to  translate  crabbed  mathematical 
problems  into  a  species  of  epic  eloquence ;  to  make  Latin  and  Greek  texts 
disclose  the  honeyed  sweetness  of  Hymettus,  while  Plato's  bees  seemed  to 
repose  as  at  home  upon  his  lips,  when  with  his  fervent  and  never-flagging 
enthusiasm  he  commended  to  his  pupils  some  striking  beauties  in  the  pages  of 
classic  writers.  The  boys  who  loved  books  and  hard  study  found  in  him 
a  friend  and  benefactor,  who  aroused  them  to  diligence  in  their  studies, 
not  by  promising  them  that  they  were  to  be  Presidents,  Governors,  or 
Senators,  but  by  awakening  in  them  a  hunger  and  thirst  for  the  higher 
orders  of  knowledge. 

See    Dr.    David    Murray's    "Hist,    of    Education    in    N.J.,"    pages    130-1. 
Manual,  1902. 
Thoms,  J.  F.,  1875. 
Thomson.  Frederick  Bordine.  b.  at  New  Brunswick,  N.  J..  Nov.  5.  1809; 

R.C.  1831:  N.B.S.  1834;  Upper  Red  Hook.  1834-36;  Agt.  Bd.  of  Miss. 

1^36-37;    S.S.  at  Holmdel.  1837-8;    Missionary  in  the  East;    Singapore, 

1838-9.  Batavia,  Java,  Oct.  2,  1839-41  ;    Karagan,  Borneo,  Feb.  4,  1842-6; 

at  Berne,  Switzerland,  1847-8,  d.  March  3. 
While  quite  young,  he  became  religiously  impressed ;  and  when  more 
matured,  these  feelings  were  so  quickened  under  the  preaching  of  the  Rev. 
Isaac  Ferris,  as  to  encourage  a  formal  profession  of  faith,  which  was  car- 
ried into  effect  when  the  Rev.  James  B.  Hardenbergh  assumed  the  pas- 
torate of  the  1st  Ref.  Ch.  of  New  Brunswick.  In  his  address  at  the  one 
hundred  and  fiftieth  anniversary  of  that  church.  Dr.  Ferris  says:  "After 
my  ministry  terminated,  it  overwhelmed  me  to  hear  from  the  i)recious  man 


532  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

and  devoted  missionary,  Frederick  B.  Thomson,  that  the  word  of   my  Hps 
had  been  made  the  word  of  Hfe  to  his  soul." 

His  mental  aptitude,  displayed  at  catechetical  exercises,  so  won  the  at- 
tention of  Dr.  Hardenbergh,  that  he  persuaded  young  Thomson  to  direct 
his  attention  to  the  ministry.  In  college,  his  scholarship  secured  the  Latin 
salutatory.  While  in  the  seminary,  the  subject  of  missions  greatly  engaged 
his  attention ;  and  subsequent  years  so  confirmed  his  convictions  of  duty 
in  the  m.atter,  that  a  pleasant  ministerial  charge  was  resigned,  in  order  to 
enter  upon  his  great  life-work. 

The  financial  embarrassment  of  1837  so  affected  th;  missionary  enter- 
prises of  the  day,  that  after  his  acceptance  by  the  Board,  his  departure 
was  delayed  nearly  two  years.  This  time,  however,  was  employed  in  min- 
isterial labors  at  Holmdel,  N.J.,  and  in  exciting  a  missionary  interest  in 
the  churches  by  personal  visitations.  The  long  interval  which  passed  be- 
tween, the  landing  at  Singapore,  and  the  final  settlement  at  Karangan, 
was  employed  in  complying  with  the  requisition  of  a  year's  residence  at 
Batavia,  imposed  by  the  government  of  Netherland  India  upon  all  our 
missionaries  who  contemplated  laboring  in  districts  subject  to  the  juris- 
diction of  Holland,  and  in  explorations  in  Borneo,  with  a  view  of  ascer- 
taining the  most  suitable  location  for  the  proposed  mission.  During  the 
compulsory  residence  at  Batavia,  he  experienced  the  first  of  his  many 
afiflications,  in  the  death  of  his  devoted  wife — daughter  of  Nicholas  Wyckoflf, 
of  New  Brunswick — "who  left  behind  her,"  says  a  late  writer,  "a  savor 
of  meek,  unobtrusive  piaty,  and  an  example  of  Christian  energy  and 
efficiency  which  finds  but  few  equals  at  the  present  day." 

In  the  settlement  at  Karangan,  in  company  with  Youngblood  and  Steele, 
he  went  forth  to  the  labors,  the  joys,  and  the  sacrifices  of  a  missionary 
career.  While  here  died  his  second  wife,  Emma  Cecilia  Combe,  "a  most 
estimable  Swiss  lady,  of  eminent  piety,  who  was  sent  forth  to  labor  in  the 
East,  by  the  Female  Missionary  Society  of  Geneva." 

The  incessant  labors  of  Mr.  Thomson  gradually  impaired  his  health,  and 
in  one  of  his  missionary  tours  he  first  discovered  symptoms  of  the  dis- 
ease which  finally  ended  his  life.  His  weakening  strength,  as  well  as  the 
necessities  of  his  motherless  children,  required  a  visit  to  America  by  w-ay 
of  Europe.  During  the  passage,  his  disease  rapidly  developed,  and  not 
long  after  his  arrival  at  Berne  he  died,  in  the  39th  year  of  his  age.  His 
sepulchre  lies  in  the  shadow  of  the  Alps,  marked  with  a  plain  marble  tab- 
let, although  it  was  his  heart's  desire  that  Borneo  should  hold  his  ashes. 
Says  he :  "Here  would  I  die,  and  here  be  buried  in  view  of  the  people, 
that  they  might  never  forget  that  a  teacher  had  been  am.ong  them." 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  "Dyak  Hymn  Book"  (the  first  printed  book  in  the  lan- 
guage). 1844. — "Brown's  Catechism"  (in  Dyak).  1845. — MS.  Works:  Gos- 
pel according  to  Matthew  (in  Dyak).  1845;  Genesis,  chaps,  t-xx.  (in 
Dyak),  1845.  "The  Economy  of  Missions,"  and  an  Essay  entitled,  "Shall 
the  Borneo  Mission  be  Sustained?"  and  his  "Journal"  in  MS. 
Thomson,  John  A.,  b.  at  New^  Kingston,  Delaware  Co.,  N.Y.,  May  12,  1857 ; 
R.C.  1884,  N.B.S.  87,  lie.  by  CI.  N.  B. ;  Sprakers  and  Stone  Arabia, 
87-91,   Sprakers   and   East   Palatine,   91-94.      Sprakers   and   Mapletown, 

1894-1902.    Middlebush,    1902-20,   Middletown,    N.J.    1921 .,    S.S.   CI. 

Montgomery  S.C.  CI.  N.B.  Business  Manager   Somerset  Ch.  JSiews. 
Publications  :     Historical    Address    in    Mapletown    Church.      Historical 
Address  75th  Anniversary  of  Middlebush  Church. 

Thomson,  J.  Claude,  (son  of  Rev.  John  A.  Thomson),  b.  Sprakers  N.Y., 
April,  18,  1889:  R.C.  1910,  N.B.S.  1915.  1-  by  CI.  N.B.  M.A.  Columbia 
1916,  Missionary  in  China,  1917,  (Teaching  University  of  Nanking 
under  Pres.  Ch. 
Thorman,  Eugene  Herman,  b.  Germanv,  Aug.  15,  1865;  Koln  Gymnasium 
1844,  Edam  Sem.   1895,  1.  by  CI.   Pleasant  Prairie,    (Rockfield),  Wis., 


THE   MINISTRY  533 

Monroe,  S.D.,  1897-1903,  Baileyville,  S.D.  1903-10,  Emmanuel,  Belmond, 
la.,  1910-17  d.  Nov.  3. 
Thurston,   John   Albert,   b.    Pottersville,    N.J.,    Dec.   27,    1868;    R.C.   90-9-2, 
N.B.S.  95,  1.  CI.  Rantan;  New  Hurley,  1895-1903.     Chicago,  Norwood 
Park,    1904-16.     Rochester,    N.    Y.,    2d.    1917-21.     Schenectady,    N.Y., 
Bellevue,  1921 — — .     D.D.  Midland  University  1906. 
Thyne,   Joseph   B.,   b.   Albany,    N.Y.,    Nov.   20,    1830.     U.C.    1858.     United 
Pres.  T.S.  Xenia  O.,  1861.     Settlements  in  U.P.  and  Pres.  Ch.  School 
Commissioner,  Fulton  Co.,  N.Y.,  1883-9-     S.S.  Glen,  N.Y.,  '88-'94-     S.S. 
Bellevue  97,  d.  Nov.  18,  1910.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.  191 1,  264. 
Tietema,  John  Henry,  b.  Jan.  7.   1869,  Friesland,  Neth.,  Mac  Alester  Col. 
1899,  1.  by  Pres.  Aberdeen,  1899.     (Pres.  Bcnis,  S.D.,  1899-1902.     Alto, 
Wis.,    Calvary,    1902-07).     Sheboygan    Falls,    1907-11.     Randolph    2d., 
Wis.,    1911-14.     Springfield,    S.D.,    Emmanuel,    1914-19.     Carmel,    la., 

1919 . 

Tilton,  Edgar,  Jr.,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Jan.  12,  1865;  N.Y.U.  1886,  N.B.S. 
89.  1.  CI.  N.B.S.;  Bethany  Chapel,  Brooklyn,  89-91,  Jamaica,  91-98,  Har- 
lem,  N.Y.C.,    1898-1911,    Harlem,   Lenox  Ave.,    191 1 .     D.D.,   R.C, 

1902. 
Publications:     History  of  the  Reformed  Low  Dutch  Church  of  Harlem. 
1910. 

Tilton,  Frank  E.,  b.  Keyport,  N.J.,  Aug.  20,  1873.  N.B.S.  1896-8.  Teacher. 
Timlow,  Heman  R.  C.N.J.  1852;  from  Presbyt.  Londonderry,  Mass.; 
Rhinebeck,  1859-66,  Brighton,  S.L,  1866-8,  w.  c.  In  1872,  Episcopalian. 
Publications:  A  sermon  on  Death  of  President  Lincoln.  1865. — A 
series  of  letters  in  the  "Christian  Intelligencer"  from  Boston,  signed  "Tre- 
mont,"  1868-70. — "The  Saints  to  be  as  Angels."  In  "Pulpit  Repertory," 
i860? 

Todd,  Aug.  F.  (brother  of  J.  A.  Todd),  b.  at  Somerville,  N.J.,  Feb.  11, 
1826:  R.C.  55,  N.B.S.  58,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Athens,  Pa.,  58-65,  Piermont, 
65-71,  Boonton,  71-^,  Bloomingburgh,  72-6,  Wurtsboro,  76-80,  Schoharie, 
80-4,  Bound  Brook,  84-86,  w.  c.  d.  July  8,  1907.  Min.  Gen.  Syn.  1908. 
240. 
Todd,  Harvey  Ira.,  b.  Poughkeepsie,  N.Y.,Oct.  2,  1890;  R.C,  1915,  N.B.S. 

1918,  1.  by  CL  Poughkeepsie.     Missionary  in  China,  1918 

Todd.  John  Adams,  b.  near  Somerville,  N.  J.,  Nov.  2Z,  1822;  R.C.  45,  N.B.S. 
48,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;   Griggstown,  48-55,  Tarrytown,  2d,  55-86,  w.  c.     Died 
March  15,  1900. 
He  was  a  man  of  unusual  endowment  which  was  devoleped  by  continuous 
study.     He  was  a  conspicous  success  as  a  minister  of  the  Gospel.     He  was 
also  eminent  in  the  councils  of  the  denomination.     D.D.,  R.C,  1868. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:     "Memoir   of    Rev.    Dr.    Peter    Labagh,   with   notices    of 
R.D.C"     i860.     (See    "Princeton    Rev.,"    i860,    p.    571.) — "The    Character 
and  Death  of  Washington  Irving."     1859. — "Review  of  Boardman's  Higher 
Christian    Lfie."     (See    "Princeton    Rev.,"   xxxii.   608-640.) — "The    Posture 
of  the  Ministers  and  People  of   R.C. A.  during  the   Revolution."     In  "Cen- 
tennial Discs.,"  1876. — Many  contributions  to  periodical  literature. 
Todd.  Wm.  Newton,  b.  in  N.I.,  1844;    R.C  71.  N.B.S.  74,  lie.  CI.  Raritan ; 
Dashville  Falls,  74-81,  Gallatin,  81-5,  Saddle  River,   1885-92   (Presbvt.) 
D.D. 
Toll,   John   C     U.C.    1799,   studied   under   Livingston,   1.   CI.   Albany,    1801  ; 
ord.  Oct.  9,  1803;    Canajoharie,  Middletown,  Mapletown,  Westerlo  and 
Bowman's     Kill,      1803-15,     Middletown,     Westerlo,     Sprakers     15-22, 
suspended,  seceded   (Westerlo  and  Middletown,   Sec,  22-5,  these  united 
churches  Avere  then  called  Canajoharie),  25-42.  d.   1848. 
Tomb,  J.  S.  L.   (son  of  Rev.  Samuel  Tomb,  of   Sakm,  N.Y.),  b.   1805,  lie. 
by  the  Congregationalists ;    (Presbyterian),  Wynantskill,  1865-72.  Died 
1883,  Apr.  12. 
See  Manual,  1902. 


534  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH   IN    AMERICA 

Tomkins,  Irving  Scott,  b.  Boonton,  N.Y.,  Sept.  29,  1869;  R.C.  1894.,  N.B.S. 

1894-5.     Business. 
Tomkins,  William  Bishop,  b.  East  Orange,  N.J.,  Dec.  25,  1867;  R.C.  1888, 

N.B.S.  1890-93.     Presbyterian,     d.  March  27,  1904. 
Torrens,  William  Renwick,  b.  New  York  City.,  May  15,   1876;  In  business. 
I.  by  Baptist  Ass.  1895,   (Baptist  Phoenicia,  N.Y.  1895-8.     Presbyterian, 

Mansfield,  Pa.).  New  Baltimore,  N.Y.,  1912-17.    Buffalo,  N.Y.,  1917 

Tracey,  William  Henry,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Dec.  6,   1858;  Aub.   Sem.  82;    (Dundee, 
N.Y.     (Presbyt.)    83-87),    Albany,    87-91,    Philadelphia,    2d,    91-95,    d. 
Dec.  20. 
He   received   a   commercial   education,   but   gave   it   up    for   the   ministry. 
His  pastorates  were  all  successful.     He  was  a   forcible  preacher,  very  de- 
voted to  his  calling.     It  was  said  by  a  prominent  clergyman  at  his  funeral 
that    he    had    never    known    a    minister    who    loved    his    profession    more. 
"Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1896,  493. 

Trimmer,  John  A.     Pompton,  86-90;  Episcopalian,  at  Helmetta,  N.J. 
Troost,   Evert.,  b.   Hooglveen,   Neth.     Free   University,   Amsterdam,    Neth. 
Pastorates  in  Holland.     Pella,  la..  Bethel,  1904.     Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  4th, 
1904-16,  d.  July  7.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.  1917,  250. 

Trousdale,  Otis  M'.,  Newark,  N.J.,  ist,  191 1 .     D.D. 

Tulp,  A.  P.,  b.  N.Y.C..  May  i,  1880;    N.B.S.  1904,  1.  by  CI.  N.Y.,  Hasbrouck 
Heights,  N.J.,   1904-07,  Newark,  N.J.,  New  York  Av.   1907-09.     Epis- 
copalian 1909. 
Turner,  Jas.     1863. 

Turner,  Wm.  Eaton,  b.  at'Port  Jervis,  March  20,1810;  R.C.  38,  N.B.S.  41, 
1.  CI.  N.B.;    Arcadia,  41-48,  also  Cicero,  45,  Roxbury,  50-62,  Arcadia, 
62-66,    Grahamville    and    S.S.    at    Upper    Neversink,    67-72,    Minisink, 
72-75,  Greenburg.  84-9.     Died  Jan.  26,  1S93. 
While  at  Roxbury,  Jay  Gould,  who  was  then  a  young  man,  attended  his 
church  and   Sunday-school.     In  after  years  when   Mr.  Turner  was  obliged 
to  give  up  active  work    (through  the   infirmities   of  age).  Jay  Gould   pro- 
vided  for   his   wants   by   granting  him   an   annual   donation.      "Mints.    Gen. 
Syn.,"  1893,  893. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1893,  10. 
Tyndall,   C.H.,  b.  Alton,   N.Y.,  July  31.    1857;    Wms.   Coll.   82,   Aub.Sem. 
85,  1.  Presbyt.  Albany,  84;  ord.  by  Presbyt.  Lake  Superior,  85;    (Esca- 
naba,  Mich.  (Presb.),  85-9,  N.Y.C..  Broome  St.  Tabernacle,  88-95,  Post- 
Grad.  course,  N.Y.U.,  92-5,  Post-Grad.,  Berlin,  Ger.,  95-6),  Mt.  Vernon, 

1897-1921.     S.S.,  Yonkers,  Miles   Square,   1902-11.     Lecturer,   1921 . 

Ph.D.,  Univ.  City  of  N.Y.     D.D.,   S.T.D.,  Harriman  University. 
Publications:     "The    Quickening,    Filling    and    Enduing    of    the    Holy 
Spirit." — "Object   Sermons   in   Outline." — "Object   Lessons   for   Children." — 
"Electricity  and  its  Spiritual   Similitudes."     Articles  for  the  press. 

Tyndall,    Stanley    G.,    b.    .      Clarksville    and    New    Sharon,    1903-08, 

Yonkers,  Crescent  Place,  1912-14,  Brooklyn,  Greenwood  Heights,  1915- 
20,  Congregational. 
Tysse,- Gerrit,  b.  Zaandam,  Neths.,  Jan.  2,  1870;  H.C.  94,  P.S.  97,  1.  CI. 
Wisconsin;  Leighton,  la.,  Ebenezer  Ch.,  1897-1903,  East  Williamson, 
N.Y.,  1903-11,  North  Holland,  Mich.,  1911-19.  Classical  Missionary, 
Classis  of  Holland,  1919 

Uiterwyck,  see  Utterwick. 

Underwood,   Horace   Grant,   b.   London,   England,   July   19,    1859 ;     N.Y.U. 
81,  N.B.S.  84,  lie.  by  CI.  of  Bergen;   ord.  by  CI.  of  N.B.,  Nov.,  84.   Dis- 
missed to   Presbvt.  of    Tersey  Citv,   Presbyterian  missionarv  to   Korea, 
1884-1916,  d.  Oct.  12.    b.D.,  Univ.  N.Y.,  1891^ 
He  grew  up  with  the  missionary  enterprise  in  Korea  and  became  one  of 
its  great  leaders.     He  was  continually  busy  with  hand,  tongue  and  pen.  and 
the  Church  of  Christ  in  Korea  will  always  have  reason  to  honor  the  mem- 
ory of  Horace  Grant  Underwood. 


THE    MINISTRY  535 

He  was  Corresponding  Secretary  of  the  Korean  Religious  Tract  Society 
from  its  organization;  and  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Translators  of  the 
Bible  into  the  Korean  language.  ^ 

Publications:    "Introduction  to  the  Korean   Spoken  Language. '— 'Dic- 
tionary  of    the   Korean    Language,"    1889.— A    large   numt)er   of    Tracts    in 
Korean.     "The  Call  of  Korea,"  1908.     "Religions  of  Eastern  Asia."  1910. 
Unglaui).   Henrv,  b.   Newark,   N.J.,   Nov.  28,   1857;     Bloomfield  School,  ^7, 
Bloomfield'Sem.  80,  lie.  Presbyt.  Newark;    ord.  by  Presbyt.  of  Wash- 
ington,  D.C. ;     (Aliss.   in   Washington,   D.C.,   and   Providence,   R.L,   T/- 
81)  ;    Naumberg  and  New  Bremen,  84-8,  Callicoon,  1888-1904. 
Utterwick,   Henry,  b.  Amsterdam,   Neths.,   May  22,   1841  ;     R.C.  62,   N.B.S. 
66,  1.  CI.  Holland;   Holland  Ch.,  N.Y.C.,  66-9,  Vriesland,  69-72,  Hol- 
land, Mich.,  3d,  72-80,   (Grand  Rapids,  2d  Congreg.,  80-7,  East  Canaan, 
Ct.,    1891-1901).      Translated    the    "Amsterdam    Correspondence,"    ob- 
tained from  Holland  (in  1897-8).  1901-1907,  for  Ecc,  Rec,  N.Y.    Con- 
gregational, Rutherford,  N.J..  1907-17.     Supplying  churches. 
Publications:    Many  articles  in  the  press. 

Vale,  Rov  Ewing.  b.  May  18,  1885;  Washington  and  Tusculum,  1909,  P.S. 
1912,'  1.  by  Holston  Presbytery  1911,  (Presbyterian,  ist,  Lambert- 
ville,   1912-13).     Somerville.   N.J.,  Raritan  2d.   I9I3-I7-      (Presbyterian, 

2d,  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  1917-21,  ist,  Oak  Park,  III.,  1921 .    Permanent 

Clerk,  N.B.  Presbytery.     New  Era  Synodical  Chairman,  Synod  of  Ten- 
nessee).   D.D.  by  Washington  and  Tusculum,  1917. 
Van  Aken,  Alex.  G.,  b.  Rhode  Hall,  N.J.,  Jan.  17,  1852.     R.C.  1873,  N.B.S. 

76,  lie.  CI.  N.B.     Never  ordained.     Farmer. 
Van  Aken,  Enoch,  b.  Esopus,  N.Y..  July  21,   1808;    R.C.  30,   N.B.S.  and 
P.S.  zi,  1.   Presb.   N.B.;    ord.   CI.   Rensselaer,  34;    Kinderhook,   34-5, 
N.Y.C.,  Bloomingdale,  35-84;   d.  Jan,  2,  1885. 
He  was  a  man  of  beautiful  spirit,  a  very  useful  pastor  in  a  difficult  city 
field  for  half  a  century. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:    Many  articles   in   the   Intelligencer  and  elsewhere.     See 
Manual.  1902. 

Van  Aken,  Gulick,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Ap.  22,  1840;  U.N.Y.  62.  P.S.  62-3.  U.S. 
63-4;  (Philadelphia,  64-7);  Freehold,  67-71;  (E.  Kingston,  1871-2), 
d.  Oct.  20. 
Van  Allen,  Ira.  b.  Bethlehem,  N.Y.,  June  i,  1846;  R.C.  '/2>'  N.B.S.  76,  1. 
CI.  Albany;  Rotterdam,  2d.  76-83,  S.S.,  Stuyvesant  Falls,  83.  Wynant- 
skill.  83-90,  Owasco,  90-92,  Mohawk,  82-98,  w.  c.    S.S.,  Owasco  Outlet, 

1902 

Publications:    Contributions  to  the  press. 

Van  Amburgh,  Robt.,  b.  Jan.  9,   1809;    R.C.  37.  N.B.S.  40,  1.  CI.   Pough- 

keepsie;    Lebanon,  40-8.  Fordham,  48-51,   (Hughsonville,  Dutchess  Co., 

N.Y.,  51-3),  Lebanon,  53-69,  High  Bridge,  69-70,  w.  c.     Died  March  9, 

1890. 

See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1890,  195.— "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,  1890. 

13- 

Van  Antwerpen.  Andrew  Everett,  b.  Paterson,  N.J.,  March  i,  1890.  N.B.S. 
1918.  1.  by  CI.  Passaic.  New  Hyde  Park,  N.Y.,  1918-20,  West  Sayville, 
L.I.,  1920 

Van  Arendonk,  Arthur,  b.  Fremont,  Mich.,  Oct.  10,  1871 ;  H.C.  94,  W.S. 
97,  1.  CI.  Dakota;  Luctor,  Kan.,  97-1901,  Sheldon.  la..  1901-1904.  Classi- 
cal Missionary,  Grand  River,  Holland  and  Michigan,  1904-19,  S.S., 
Decatur,  Mich.,  1916.    Financial  Secretarv,  Central  College,  1920 

Van  Arsdale,  Cor.  C.     R.C.  1828,  N.B.S.  31;    supplied  Brooklyn,  Central, 
38-40;     supplied    South    Ch.,    Brooklyn,    40-1,    Philadelphia,    1st,    41-9, 
Greenwich.  N.Y.C..  52-4.  d.  1856.     D.D. 
Publications:    A   Ser.   at   New   Haven,   by   appointment   of    the    Peace 


536  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

Society,   during   the    Session   of   Legislature   of    Ct,    1834. — "The   Christian 

Patriot"  :    An  oration  before  the  Alumni  of   R.C.  1837. — "Lessons  of  Wis- 
dom  for  a  Mourning  People":    On   Death  of   Pres.   Harrison.      1841. — "A 

Nation's  Glory  and  Strength":    Fast-day,  1841. 

Van  Arsdale,  Elias  B.   (son  of  N.  H.   Van  Arsdale),  b.  High  Falls,  N.Y., 
Aug.  2,  1869;    R.C.  90,  N.B.S.  93,  1.  CI.  Paramus;    Farmer  (Interlaken), 
N.i.,   1893-1916,  North  Paterson,   N.J.,   1916 .     On   Staff  of   Chris- 
tian Intelligencer,  1916-1917. 
Publications:    Editorials  and  articles  in  Ch.  Int. 

Van  Arsdale,  Jacob  R.  R.C.  1830,  N.B.S.  33,  1-  CI.  N.B.;  Berne,  2d,  34-5, 
Mt.  Pleasant   (Stanton),  35-50,  Tyre,  50-64,  w.  c.  1864-71,  d. 

Van  Arsdale,  Nathaniel  Hixon,  b.  at  Bound  Brook,  N.J.,  April  6,  1838; 
R.C.  62,  N.B.S.  67,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Clove,  67-74,  Jan.  i;  Chatham,  74-80, 
(Batavia,  111.  (Cong.),  80-1),  Paterson,  Broadway,  81-95,  Greenwood 
Heights,  Brooklyn,  99-1901,  Athenia,  N.J.,  1901-1909.  Served  in  Civil 
War,  mustered  out  with  rank  of  ist  lieutenant.  Member  and  Chaplain 
of  N.Y.  State  Commandery  of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion 
of  U.S.  Associate  Editor  and  Editor  of  Int.,  18S3-1917.  D.D.  by  R.C, 
1889. 
Publications:    "The   Contrast":    The   First   Hour   and  the   Last   in  the 

Life  of  Jesus."     1876. — "Hist,  of   Broadway  Ch.,  Paterson,  N.J." — Several 

Sermons. — Editorials  in  "Ch.  Int." 

Reports  of  General  Synod,  for  25  years  with  editorials  thereon. 

Van   Arsdale,   Simeon,   b.   Northampton,   Pa.,   1754,   studied   under   Harden- 
burg,   lie.   by  General   Meeting  of   Ministers  and   Elders,    1782;     North 
Branch  (Readington) ,  1783-6,  d. 
Few  pastors  of  his  day  were  held  in  equal  esteem.     He  possessed  great 

power  as  a  preacher,  and  was  untiring  in  all  pastoral  service.     Of  ardent 

piety,  he  was  also  a  polished  preacher.     He  received  a  call  from  the  church 

in  New  York,  but  declined.     He  was  cut  off  before  his  ministry  had  hardly 

begun.    Elected  a  trustee  of  Queen's  College,  1783. 

Van  Arsdalen,  Cornelius  C,  b.  1806.  R.C.  '28,  N.B.S.  1828-31.  S.S.,  Cen- 
tral Church,  Brooklyn,  1840-41,  Philadelphia,  ist,  1841-9,  Greenwich, 
N.Y.,  1852-4,  d.  July '2,  1856.     D.D. 

Van  Basten,  Johannes  Vermanus,  preached,  as  a  student,  Dec.  2  and  23, 
1739.  at  Poughkeepsie ;  Jamaica.  Success,  Oyster  Bay  and  Newtown, 
1739-40.     See  "Riker's  Annals  of  Newtown,"  238. 

Van  Benschoten,  Wm.  B.,  b.  Ap.  15,  1835;    R.C.  61,  N.B.S.  64,  1.  CI.  N.B. ; 
Wyckoff,  65-9,   Lebanon,  69-72,   Ephratah  and   Stone  Arabia,   72-80,  d. 
June  27.     See  "Ch.  Int.,"  July  15,  1880. 
Publication  :    "Hist.  Ch.  Wyckoff."     In  "Bergen  Co.  Democrat." 

Van  Beverhoudt,  Octave,  b.  St.  Thomas.  W.I.,  July  15,  1871  ;  c.  to  U.S. 
1891  ;  N.B.S.  1901,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;  Colt's  Neck,  1901-1918,  d.  Aug.  2. 
Killed  by  a  R.R.  train.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1919,  919. 

Van  Blarcom,  G.    Tyre.  1895-6. 

Van  Bosen,  ,    (possibly  the  same  as  Vandenbosch),  Kingston,   1691- 

3).     "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  i.  190. 

Van  Brackle,  Henry.     R.C.  84,  N.B.S.  1884-5,  d.  June  7- 

Van    Bronkhorst,    Alexander,    b.    Oct.    5,    1887,    Forestgrove,    Mich.     H.C. 
1913,  W.T.S.  1916,  1.  by  CI.  Holland,  1916.     Missionary  to  Japan. 
Publications:    (Occasional  articles  on  Missionary  subjects. 

Van  Brunt.  Rutgers,  b.  N.Y.C.,  1820;  Hob.  C.  40,  N.B.S.  48,  1.  CI.  N.B. ; 
Albany,  3d,  48-9.  supplied  Newark.  2d,  49.  (Smithtown  and  Carmel, 
Presbyt.),  51-7,  Waterford,  and   S.S.,   Schaghticoke,  57-61,  d.  Apr.  28, 

1863. 
He  was  a  man  of  ability  and  piety.     So  quiet  that  he  was  not  fully  appre- 
ciated.    See  Manual,  1902. 
Van    Bunschooten,    Elias,    b.    at    New    Hackensack,    N.Y.,    Oct.    26,    1738; 

C.N.J.  1768,  studied  theology  under  Meyer,  1.  by  Gen.  Meeting  of  Min- 


THE   MINISTRY  537 

isters  and  Elders,  1773;    Schaghticoke,  1773-85.  Minisink,  Alahakcmack 
and  Walpack,   1785-8,  Clove.  N.J.,  Minisink,  Walpack,  W esttown    and 
Mahakemack,  1788-99,  Clove,  1799-1812,  d.  1815,  Jan.  10.     (In  "M.G  S., 
i.  473,  he  is  said  to  have  taken  charge  of  Clove  and  W  esttown  alone, 
in  1797,  but  probably  an  error).     Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1783. 
He  was  the  son  of  a  farmer,  Tcunis  Van  Bunschooten,  of   Dutchess  Co., 
N.Y.     The    family  consisted  of   five  brothers   and  three   sisters.      None   of 
the   brothers   were    married,   but   the    sisters   married    and    furnished    many 
heirs  to  the  family.     The  estate  was  twenty  years  in  course  of   settlement, 
and  amounted  to  $60,000.     The  most  of  Elias'  life  was  spent  in  the  beau- 
tiful  Kittatinnv   vallev,  which  extends   from  the   Delaware  to  the   Hudson. 
He  was  installed  in  his  charges  here  by  his   friend,  Domine   Hardenbergh 
of   Raritan.     His   parochial   charge   extended   to   the   magnificent   length  of 
fifty  miles,  through  which  the  settlers"  axes  had  forced  a  few  rough  horse- 
tracks.     There  is  a  local  tradition  that  a  certain  deacon  who  collected  his 
pittance  of  salary  at  Minisink,  defaulting  in  payment,  mortgaged  his   farm 
to  the  domine  as  security.     After  he  ceased  ministering  there,  the  mortgage 
w^as    foreclosed,   and   the   place  -mis   ijivcn    to   the    church   as   a    parsonage! 
The  church  of  Clove  was  organized  in  the  bounds  of  his  charges  in  1787. 
He  removed  to  that  place  in   1792.     He  here  enjoyed  a  precious  revival  in 
1803,   in  which  forty-two  were  added  to  the  church.     But  after  his  death, 
that  church  was  neglected  by   his  own  denomination,   and  in    1818   became 
Presbyterian,  and  is  now  divided  into  three  churches.     Mr.  Van  Bunschooten 
selected  an  admirable  farm  at  the  Clove— a  glen  of  great  beauty,  with  bold 
and  forest-clad  hills,  and  rushing  mountain  streams.     Here  he  built  a  mill 
and  a  commodious  residence,  and  increased  in  wealth,  so  that  he  left  a  farm 
of   seven  hundred  acres,  and  other  property,  to  a   favorite  nephew,  besides 
his  benefactions  to  the  Church.     His  personal  character  had  a  strong  tinge 
of  eccentricity.     His  frugality  sometimes  displayed  itself  in  the  most  whim- 
sical  forms.     He  was  temperate  in  his  habits,  taciturn  and  grave,  and  yet 
communicative   to   his    friends.      The   country   in   which   he    lived   was    still 
wild  and  unconquered.  and  the  inhabitants  were  like  the  land.     There  was 
every  thing  to  discourage  the  minister  of  Christ.     Yet  he  labored  on.  and 
his   happy  influence   there   is   felt  to   this  day.     He   preached   extemporane- 
ously, either  in  Dutch  or  English.     He  was  clear  and  distinct  in  argument, 
and 'scriptural   in   matter,  and   spoke  mildly,   yet   with  an  earnest  and   holy 
unction. 

But  he  will  be  always  remembered  as  the  first  large  benefactor  of  the 
Church.  He  and  Dr.  Livingston  had  been  born  not  far  from  each  other, 
had  entered  the  ministry  nearly  at  the  same  time,  and  had  always  been 
warm  friends.  When  Dr.  Livingston  was  about  to  leave  the  city,  and  take 
up  his  residence  at  New  Brunswick,  at  great  personal  sacrifice,  he  w-rote  to 
his  old  friend  a  frank  letter,  suggesting  the  propriety  of  his  dedicating  a  por- 
tion of  his  large  estate  to  the  cause  of  education.  After  several  interviews, 
the  matter  was  decided.  He  gave  $14,640  during  his  life  and  increased  it 
to  $17,000  by  his  will,  to  educate  "pious  young  men,  who  hope  they  have 
a  call  of  God  to  preach  the  Gospel  of  Jesus  Christ."  It  was  entrusted  to 
the  care  of  the  trustees  of  Queen's  (now  Rutgers)  College.  By  accumula- 
tion, the  fund  was  allowed  to  reach  the  sum  of  $20,000.  Many  have 
been  educated  for  the  ministry  through  his  liberality,  some  of  whom  have 
gone  to  heathen  shores.  He  made  himself  a  perpetual  power  for  good  in  the 
Church  and  in  the  world.  Being  dead  he  yet  speaketh.  See  an  admirable 
sketch  of  his  life  in  "The  New  Brunswick  Review,"  1855.  from  the  pen  of 
Rev.  A.  W.  McClure.  "Sprague's  Annals."  "Mills'  Hist.  Discs.,"  1874, 
1878.  "Gunn's  Livingston,"  ed.  1856,  395.  See  also  "Centennial  N.3.  Sem.," 
p.  371,  Corwin's  Digest,  770. 

The  provision  of  Mr.  Van  Bunschooten's  will  requesting  that  the  deed  of 
gift  be  read  at  each  stated  meeting  of  the  assemblies  of  the  church  was  car- 
ried out  for  nearly  one  hundred  years.     Finally  on  the  advice  of  competent 


538  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

counsel  by  a  unanimous  vote  of  the  Synod  of    IQI",  this   requirement  was 

changed  from  obligatory  to  permissive. 

Van  Buren,  B.,  1856-61. 

Van  Buren,  John   Martin,  b.  Kinderhook,   N.Y.,   Sept.   20,    181 1;     U.C.   35, 

Aub.    Sem.   s^,   1.    Presbyt.   of   Columbia;    (Mt.    Morris,   38-9,    Cohoes, 

39-41,    (ord.   by   CI.,   Ap.   23,   40),   Fultonville,   42-51,    New    Lots,   L.I., 

52-72.    Died  May  12,  1892. 

He  was   an   earnest  and   faithful   minister  and   an   active   worker   in   the 

cause  of  temperance.     After  giving  up  his  charge  at  New  Lots  he  devoted 

his  time  and  the  energies  of  his  well  trained  mind  and  in  writing  short,  but 

very   interesting,  articles   for  the   religious   press   and   temperance  journals. 

His   life,   from  the  time   he   entered   the   ministry  of   the   Church  until   its 

close,  was  an  active  and  useful  life.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1892,  657. 
Publications:    "Gospel  Temperance,"  1877. 

Van  Buren,  Peter.  U.C.  i8c2,  studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  1804;  Charles- 
town,  1st,  and  Glen,  1804-14,  Union  Village  and  Schodack,  14-20.  Died 
1832. 

Van  Buren,  P.  H.  (s.  of  J.  M.  Van  Buren),  b.  at  Fultonville,  1846;  U.N.Y. 
64,  N.B.S.  67,  1.  S.  CI.  L.L;  called  to  Freehold,  but  prevented  from 
settling  by  sickness,  d.  July  7,  1868.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Van  Burk,  John,  b.  Oosterbeek,  Neths.,   Sept.  25,   1863;    Oberlin   Sem.  91, 

lie.  by  Congregationalists,  91  ;    engaged  in  evangelistic  work,   Holland, 

91-3,  New  Salem  and  Clarksville   (S.S.),  93-4.  Johnstown,  N.Y.,  1894- 

'  1902,  Athens,  N.Y.,  ist,  1902-06,  West  New  Hempstead,  N.Y.,  1906-08 

Missionary  to  immigrants,  N.Y.C.,  1908. 

Van   Buskirk,   Peter  V.,  b.   at   Bayonne,   N.J.,   March  2,   1845;     R.C.    1866, 
N.B.S.  69;    lie.  S.  CI.  Bergen;    Closter,  1869-87,  Gravesend,  87-1912,  d. 
March  9. 
He  was  a  true  son  of  the  Reformed  Church  but  at  his  funeral  not  only 

his  own  people,  but  Roman  Catholics,  Jews  and  persons  of  no  faith  thronged 

around  his  coffin.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1912,  569. 

Vance,  James  Isaac,  b.  Arcadia,  Sullivan  Co.,  Tenn.,  Sept.  25,  1862;  King's 
College,  Bristol,  Tenn.,  83,  Union  Th.  Sem.  at  Richmond,  Va.,  86,  lie. 
by  Holston  Presb.,  Syn.  of  Tenn.,  84;  ord.  by  Abingdon  Presb.,  Syn. 
of  Va.,  86;  (in  Southern  Presb.  Ch.,  Wythesville,  Va.,  86,  Alexandria, 
Va.,  86-90,  Norfolk.  Va.,  90-4.  Nashville,  Tenn.,  94-1900),  Newark, 
North,  1900-1910.  Presbyterian. 
See  sketch  in  "Am.  Cyc.  Biog." 
Publications  :     "The    Young    Man    Foursquare." — "Church    Portals." — 

"The  College  of  Apostles." — "Royal  Manhood." 

Van   Cleef,   Cornelius,   b.   at   Harlingen,   N.J.,    Sept.    16,    1799;     D.C.    1823, 

N.B.S.  26,  lie.  CI.  Philadelphia;    Miss,  at  Palatine,  26,  Miss,  at  Mana- 

vunk,  27-8,  Athens,  28-33,  New  Hackensack,  33-66;    d.  June   13,   1875. 

p.D.  by  R.C.  1863. 

His   Christian   character   was   beautiful   and   his    influence    like    the   most 

beneficent  forces  in  nature  was  quiet  yet  powerful. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Publications  :    Art.  in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Van  Wagenen. — Address 

at  Funeral  of  Rev.  Edwin  Holmes.— Papers  on  "Christian  Union,"  in  "Ch. 

Int.,"  Ap.  13.  1865  . 

Van  Cleef,  Paul  Duryea,  b.  Millstone,  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,  July  31,  1821  ; 
R.C.  43,  N.B.S.  46,  1.  CI.  N.B.;    ord.  by  CI.   Greene;    Coxsackie.  2d, 

46-9,  Jersey  City,  2d,  (Van  Vorst),  49 .    Declared  Pastor  Emeritus, 

Ap.,  1896,  d.  Nov.  26,  1902.     D.p.  by  R.C,  1863.     Trustee,  R.C,  1869. 
Member  of   Bd.  Domestic   Missions  47  years.     Stated   Clerk  of   Gen. 
Syn.,  1871-86. 
Dr.  Van  Cleef  came  of  a  ministerial  line  reaching  back  to  1605.    He  was  a 

preacher  of  rare  excellence  and  a  Christian  pastor  of  supreme  qualities.    His 

position  as  Senior  pastor  of  Jersey  City  was  one  of  commanding  influence 


THE    MINISTRY  539 

and  his   activities   took   in   the  wider   fields  of    Denominational   usefulness. 
See  Min.  Gen.  Svn.,  1903,  527. 

PuuLicATioNs:    Co-Editor  of  Centennial  Vol.,  N.B.S.,  1884.     Many  ser- 
mons, addresses  and  articles  for  the  press.     See  Manual.  1902. 
Van  De  Burg.  Sheldon,  b.  Vriesland,  Neth.,  April   10,   1865.     N.B.S.   1899; 
Shawangunk,   1899-1903,   Missionary,   Oklahoma,    1903-08,   Shawangunk. 

1908-20,  Classical   Missionary,  Classis  of   Orange,   1920 

Van  de  Erve,  John,  b.  at  Willemstad,  Noord  Brabant,  Neths.,  Sept.  30- 
1870;  H.C.  95,  W.S.  95-6.  P.S.  96-7.  h  CI.  Michigan;  Grand  Rapids, 
Grace   Ch.,  97-1901,   Prof,  of    Mathematics,   Coe   Coll.,   Cedar   Rapids, 

la.,  1901 .     Presbyterian. 

Van  den  Berg,  Albert.     H.C.  85,  W.S.  88,  Newkirk,   la.,  88-91,   Oyerisel, 

1891-1906,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  3d,  1906-18,  Vriesland,  Mich.,  1918-20. 

Vanden   Berge,   E.     Christian   Reformed.     Galesberg   and   Kilduff,    1911-16, 

Muscatine,  la.,   1915-17.  , 

Van  den  Berg,  Richard  John,  b.  March  8,  1890,  Newkirk,  la.  H.C.  1913. 
W.T.S.  1916,  1.  by  CI.  G.R.    Kalamazoo,  North  Park,  1916-19,  Chicago, 

111.,  Englewood,  2d,  1919 

Van  den  Bosch,  K.     Noordcloes,  1856-7,  seceded. 

Van  den   Bosch,   Laurentius    (same  as  Van   Bosen?),    (French  Ref.),   Bos- 
ton,   1685,    Rye,    1686    (?),    Staten   Island,    1686-87,   Kingston,    1687-89, 
suspended  by'  Sehns  and  others.     Went  to  Maryland. 
He   was   compelled  to   leave   Boston,   where   he   served   a   Huguenot   con- 
gregation, because  he  acted  haughtily,  and  refused  to  publish  the  l)anns  of 
marriage,  according  to  law.     Upon  coming  to  New  York,  he  organized  the 
French    in    Staten    Island    into   a    congregation    independent   of    the    French 
congregation  in  New  York,  and  contrary  to   Daille's  wishes.     The  division 
was   not   healed   until    1692.— See   "Baird's    Daille's,"   94.      Ecc.    Rec,    N.Y. 
Vanden  Bosch,  Thomas  G.,  b.  Grand  Haven,  Mich.,  Oct.  27,  1885.     Calvin 
Col.  1912,  W.T.S.  1915,  1.  by  CI.  Mich.  1915.     Pennsylvania  Lane,  111., 
1915-17,     Cleveland,    O.,     ist,    1917-19.     Grand    Rapids,     Knapp    Ave., 

1919 . 

Van  den  Bosch.  T.  M.,  b.  Nvensleck.  Neth..  Aug.  3.  i843-  Christian  Ref. 
Ch.  Sem.  1879.  (Christian  Ref.  Form  Church,  1879-89,  Missionary  to 
Indians,  1889-1894).  Rehoboth  (Lucas),  Mich.,  1894-7.  De  Mott  and 
Koster,  1897-1904.  S.S.,  North  Blendon,  1907,  North  Blendon  and  Three 
Oaks,  1908-1C,  Agent  of  Chicago  Tract  Society,  1911,  d.  Aug.  19,  I9I3- 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1914,  252. 
Vanden  Ihirg.  Louis,  1.  by  CI.  Iowa.  Ramapo,  1901-04.  Presbyterian. 
Vanden  Heuvel  Arie  J.,  b.  Werkendam,  Neth.,  Aug.  17,  1854.  Calvin  Col. 
1890,  1.  by  CI.  G.R.  of  Ch.  Ref.  Ch.  1890.  (Christian  Reformed,  James- 
town, 1890-92,  Rotterdam,  Kan.,  1892-95,  Cleveland,  O.,  1895-1001, 
Hospers,  la.,  1901-1903,  Le  Mar,  la.,  1904.  Jan.-July,  Rochester,  N.Y., 
1004-07,  Passaic,  N.J.,  1907-12).  Pastor  and  People,  Passaic,  N.J.,  joined 
the  Reformed  Church  in  America,  March  22,  191 2,  as  4th  Reformed 
Church  of  Passaic.    Pas-Saic,  N.J.,  4th,  1912-14,  Atwood,  Mich.,  1914-17. 

Beverly,  Mich.,  1917-20,  Twin  Lakes,  Mich.,   1920 

PuBLic.VTioxs:  Many  Articles  and  Books  in  Dutch. 
Van  den  Hook,  John 'H.,  b.  Middleburg,  Zecland,  Neths.,  July  3.  1842; 
studied  at  Emelo,  67;  lie.  by  Home  and  Foreign  Missionary  Ch.,  Hol- 
land, 67;  Hopcrt,  N.B.,  Neths.,  67-9,  Westerlee,  Groningen,  Neths.,  69- 
82:  Kalamazoo,  Alich.,  82-5,  Chicago,  1st,  Holland  Ch.,  85-92,  Chicago, 
N.W.  Refd.,  92-6,  Bozeman,  Mont.,  Holland,  West  Gallatin,  Presbyt., 
96-1902,  emeritus. 
Vanderbeek,  John.  H.C.  1902,  W.T.S.  1905,  1.  by  CI.  Iowa.  Oak  Harbor, 
Wash.,    1905-08,   Churchville,   Minn.,    1909-14.   Maurice,   la.,    1914-1920, 

Prairie  View,  Kan.,  1920 

Vander  Hart,  Evert,  b.  1847;    H.C.  69,  H.S.  72;    Grand  Haven,  2d,  72-6, 


540  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  76-7,  Grand  Haven,  2d,  77-80,  (Presbyt.),  Roches- 
ter, 88-9,  died  Ap.  29. 
As  a  man,  minister,  leader,  organizer,  and  persistently  devoted  to  his 
work,,  he  was  highly  esteemed.  He  was  a  born  leader,  and  his  was  the 
true  leadership  of  drawing  people,  not  driving  them.  All  observant  minds 
recognized  these  elements  of  his  manly  and  symmetrical  personality.  A 
sweet  and  genial  temperament,  clean  moral  consciousness,  sound  judgment, 
firm  purpose,  remarkable  tact  and  great  energy.  But  he  was  not  simply  a 
man  of  refined  and  gentlemanly  instincts  and  a  good  business  man,  he  was 
much  more.  As  a  sympathetic  and  helpful  pastor  he  had  not  many  equals ; 
and  as  a  preacher  he  was  at  once  scriptural,  scholarly,  thoughtful,  spiritual 
and  deeply  impressive.    "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1889,  919. 

Vander  Heide,  James,  b.  Sutten,  Neth.,  Nov.  24,  1877;  H.C.  1901,  VV.T.S. 
1904,  1.  by  CI.  Holland.  Archer  and  Le  Mars,  1904-06.  Rehoboth, 
Lucas,  Mich.,  1906-11,  Chicago,  Northwestern,   1911-14,  Bethany,  Sully, 

la.,  1914-19,  Wichert,  111.,  1919 .     S.T.D.,  Temple  Univ.,   191 1. 

Van  der  Kam,  P.  Hospers,  1892-4,  Leighton,  la.,  Ebenezer,  94-6,  96-1900, 
Presbyterian,  1900-1914,  S.S.,  Gilboa,  1914-16,  S.S.,  Prattsville,  1914-16, 

S.S.,  North  Blenheim,  1915.     Presb3'terian,  South,  1916 

Vander  Kley,  W.,  c.  to  America,  1871  ;    Pella,  1871-3,  Graafschap,  1S73-5,  d. 

Dec.  20. 
Vander    Kreeke,    Gerrit.      H.C.    1868,    H.S.    1871,    (Boston,    Mass.,    Cong., 

1873-81). 
Vander  Laan,  Eldred  Cornelius,  b.  Muskegon,  Mich.,  Feb.   16,   1890.     H.C. 
191 1,  N.B.S.  I9i6.*l.  by  CI.  Michigan  1917.     Kinderhook,  N.Y.,  1917-20. 
Publications:    Articles  in  Int.,  Leader,  etc. 
Vander  Laan,  Willard  P.     H.C.  05,  W.T.S.  1909.     Princ.  Wisconsin  Alem- 

orial  Acd.,  Cedar  Grove,  Wis.,  1909-18.  Y.M.C.A.  War  Work,  1918. 
Vandcrlinde,  Benj.,  b.  at  Pollifly,  near  Hackensack,  N.T.,  1719;  studied 
under  Dorsius  and  Goetschius,  I.  by  Ccetus,  1748;  Paramus  and  Ponds, 
1748-89,  also  at  Saddle  River,  1784-9,  d. 
He  was  an  American  by  birth,  and  was  the  first  who  appeared  before 
the  Coetus  for  examination  in  this  country.  On  May  12,  1746,  Haeghoort 
had  written  to  the  Classis,  asking  permission  that  he  and  Erickzon  might 
examine  and  ordain  Vanderline.  Dorsius  had  lost  his  right  to  promote, 
(says  this  letter),  and  Goetschius  could  not  legally  do  it.  The  Coetus, 
although  authorized  to  convene,  by  the  Classis,  amounted  to  nothing,  as 
the  majority  of  the  ministers  did  not  attend.  The  Classis  replied,  Oct. 
3d,  that  he  might  be  examined  by  the  ministers,  in  Coetus  assembled,  in 
the  name  of  the  Classis.  He  made  request,  in  Sept.,  1747,  of  the  Coetus, 
to  be  examined  the  next  spring.  The  request  and  the  answer  both  seemed 
to  manifest  the  deep  anxiety  felt,  and  the  almost  doubtful  propriety  of 
such  a  revolutionary  step  as  the  Dutch  examining  a  student  in  America, 
and  not  sending  him  to  Holland.  Vale,  patria,  was  the  language  of  the 
opponents.  For  such  an  innovation  would  surely  produce  defection  from 
the  Church  in  Holland.  Nevertheless,  he  was  examined,  and  his  call  to 
Paramus  (still  preserved  in  their  records)  was  approved,  Sept.  27,  1748. 
It  is  printed  in  the  Manual  and  Record  of  the  Church  of  Paramus,  1859. 
This  call  has  some  special  interest,  in  being  the  first  call  which  did  not  go 
through  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  for  approval.  Beside  the  ordinary 
duties,  it  stipulates  that  he  was  to  preach  on  the  first  and  second  day  of 
Christmas,  on  New  Year's  Day,  on  the  first  and  second  day  of  Easter,  on 
Ascension  Day,  on  the  first  and  second  of  Whitsunday,  and  on  each  of 
these  days  only  once.  His  charge  was  very  extensive.  Ramapo  was  or- 
ganized out  of  it,  in  1785,  and  a  second  church  edifice  was  built  at  Saddle 
River,  in  1784,  which  ultimately  became  an  independent  church,  (1814). 
About  a  year  before  his  death,  he  received,  as  a  colleague.  Rev.  G.  A. 
Kuypers ;  but  he  only  continued  there  about  ten  months,  when  he  was 
called  to   New   York,   and,  three   months   after,   the   venerable   Vanderlinde 


THE    MINISTRY  541 

went  to  his  reward.     He  married  a  niece  of  General  Scliuj'ler.     Ecc.  Rec., 

N.Y.     "Mints,  of  Coetus." 

Vander,  Linden  Gradus,  b.  Pella,  la.     Central  Col.   1916,  W.T.S.  1919,  1.  by 

CI.  Pella.     Jamestown,  Mich.,  ist,  1919 

Vander  Mecr.  Meinhard  D.     W.T.S.  1909.  1.  by  CI.  G.R.     Bcaverdam,  Mich., 

1909-11,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  8th,  1912-17,  Randolph,  Wis.,  2d,  1918 

Vander  Mel,  Cornelius,  b.  Grand  Rapids,  May  15,  1880.  H.C.  1903,  N.B.S. 
1906,  1.  by  CI.  G.R.  Fairfield,  1906-08,  Constantinc,  Mich.,  1908-10, 
Fishkill,  N.Y.,  1910-16.     Also  S.S.,  Glen,  1911-12,  w.  c.  1916-20,  Pult- 

neyville,  1920 

Vander  Meulen,  Cornelius,  b.  at   Middleharnis,   Neths.,   Dec.    15,   1800;    lie. 

Nov.  24,    1839;   ord.   following  Sunday;     Middleharnis  and   Rotterdam, 

Dec,   39-May,    40,    Rotterdam   alone.    May,   40- June,    41  ;     then    served 

twelve  chs.  in  Prov.  of  Zeeland,  with  headquarters  at  Goes,  41-7,  c.  to 

America  with  many  members  of  his  chs.     Arrived  in  New  York,  July 

2,   1847;    Zeeland,  Mich..  47-59,  Chicago,  ist,  59-61,  Grand  Rapids,  2d, 

61-73,  emeritus.     Died  Aug.  23,  1876. 

He    joined   the    Christelyke    Afgcschicdene    Kerk    in    Nederland,    a    body 

which  had  separated   from  the   National   Church.     This   Separated  Church 

suffered   considerable   persecution,  and   large  numbers,   therefore,   emigrated 

to   Michigan   in    1847   and    following   years.      Here   Vandermeulen    founded 

the   flourishing  village  of   Zeeland.     The  hardships  of   the   enterprise   were 

borne  bravely  by  pastor  and  fiock.     They  worshipped  at  first  in  the  open 

air.  and  those  early   Sabbaths  of  worship,  without  any  to  molest  or  make 

afraid,  are  described  as  being  Feast-days.     He  was  a  pioneer  pastor  in  the 

west,  a  speaker  of   force  and  eloquence,  of   a  strong  personality,   and  was 

generally  admired  for  his  many  gifts  and  good  qualities. — See  "Levensges- 

chiedenis  van  Rev.  Cornelius  Vandermeulen,"  by  his  sons.  Revs.  Jacob  and 

John,  and  Rev.  Peter  De  Pree. 

Vandermeulen,   Jacob    (s.   of    C.   Vandermeulen),   b.    Middleharnis,    Neths., 
May  I,  1834;    c.  to  Anrerica,  1847;    R.C.  58.  N.B.S.  61,  1.  CI.  Holland; 
Holland,  Wis..  61-3.  Polkton,  63-4,  Kalamazoo,  64-8,  Holland,  3d,  A'lich., 
68-71,    Grand    Rapids,    ist,    71-2,    Muskegon,    72-89.    Westfield,    S.D., 
89 — ,    (Baldwin.   Wis.    Presbyt..   — — ).    Rotterdam   and    Luctor.   Kan., 
94-6,  Graafschap,  96-1900,  Pella,  Neb.,  1900-1,  d.  Jan.  20.     D.D.  by  H.C. 
He  had  a  strong  personality.     He  was  a  voluminous  reader,  and  a  clear 
and  original  thinker.     He  refused  to  be  bound  by  the   stereotyped   formu- 
las of  others,  save  as  they  appealed  to  him  as  of  practical  value  for  con- 
duct or  doctrine.     He  studied  the  newer  sciences,  but  kept  the  faith.     His 
liberality  was  not  that  of  the  rationalist,  for  he  ever  adhered  to  the  Cross, 
and  the  necessity  and  power  of  the  Holy  Spirit.     Christ  and  Him  as  Cruci- 
fied, was   with   him   inspiration,   motive   and  object.      His   keen,   philosophic 
mind  made  him  a  debater  to  be  dreaded.     He  was  a  preacher  of   marked 
power  and  earnestness.     His  praise  as  a  speaker  and  expounder  of   truth 
was  in  every  church  where  he  ministered.     He  had  an  impassioned  speech 
and    fiery    eloquence,    with    a    self-forgetfulness    which   was    peculiarly    his 
own.     See  "History  of  Ottawa  Co.,  Mich.,"  pp.  104-5. — "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.," 
1901,   1246. — "Biog  Notices  Grads.  R.C."   1901.   10. 

Vander  Meulen.  Jacob  (son  of  Jacob  Vander  Meulen  above),  b.  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich.,  Alarch  17,  1872;  H.C.  97,  W.S.  190c,  lie.  CI.  Michigan; 
Grand  Haven,  2d,  1900-1907,  Fairview,  111.,  1907-11,  Kalamazoo,  Alich., 
Bethany,    1911-19.     Prof.    Greek,    H.C.     Instructor    N.T.     Greek    and 

Exegesis,  W.T.S.     Prof,  of  same,  1921 .     D.D.  by  H.C.  1921. 

Vandermeulen,  John  (s.  of  Cor.  Vandermeulen),  b.  Aliddclharnis,  Neth., 
Aug.  S,  1838.  R.C.  1859,  N.B.S.  62.  1.  CI.  Holland:  Milwaukee,  Wis., 
62-70,  Fulton,  111.,  70-5,  Jamestown,  Mich.,  75-85,  Holland,  Mich., 
Ebenezer  Ch.,  1885-1891,  Classical  Missionary,  Mich.,  1891-5.  Holland, 
Mich,  Ebenezer,  1895-1001,  S.S..  Franklin.  Wis..  1902-07,  d.  Nov.  15, 
1908.     D.D..  H.C.     On  Editorial  Staff  of  De  Hope. 


542  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

He  was  a  great  Hebrew  scholar.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1909,  537. 
Publication  of  Jacob  C.  and  John  :    Biography  of   Rev.  Cor.  Vander- 
meulen,   their   Father."      In   Dutch.      1876. 

Vander  Meulen,  John  (s.  of  Jac.  Vander  Meulen),  b.  Holland,  Mich., 
Oct.  16,  1871  ;  H.C.  95,  N.B.S.  98,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  ord.  CI.  Ulster,  July  26, 
98;  Blue  Mountain,  98-1901,  Wallkill  Valley,  1901-1903,  Chicago, 
Englewood,  2d,  1903-05,  Clove,  N.Y.,  1905-08,  Grand  Haven,  Mich.,  2d, 
1908-14. 
Vander  Meulen,  John  M.  (s.  of  Rev.  John  Vander  Meulen),  b.  in  Mil- 
waukee, Wis.,  1870;    Hope  Coll.  91;    P.S.  93-5,  McCormick  Sem.  95-6; 

lie.  by  ;    Kalamazoo,  2d,  Mich.,  96-9,   Grand  Rapids,   ist,  Mich., 

1899-1901,  missionary  among  the  white  settlers  in  Oklahoma,  1901-1903, 
Cordell,   Okl.,   1903,   Holland,   Mich.,   Hope,    1907-09,   N.Y.C.,   Hamilton 
Grange,   1909-12.     Presbyterian. 
Vander  Naald,  Henry,  b.  Sept.  27,  1878.     H.C.  1903,  P.T.S.  1906.     Ord.  by 
CI.  of  Dakota  1906.     North  Yakima,  Wash.,  1906-10,  Sheldon,  la.,  1910- 

22,  Chicago,  111.,  West  Side,  1922 

Vander    Ploeg,    Harmen,    b.   at   Zandt,    Netherlands,    Jan.    26,    1841  ;     c.    to 
America,   66;     H.C.   74,    H.S.    77,    lie.    CI.    Holland;     Fremont    Centre, 
Mich.,  77-78,   Greenleafton,  78-82,  Fulton,   111.,  82-87,  Vriesland,  Mich., 
87-90,  Orange  City,  la.,  90-1893,  d.  Jan.  13. 
He  was  a  minister  thoroughly  and  earnestly  devoted  to  the  interests  of 
the  church  in  general  and  to  those  of  his  denomination  in  particular ;    and 
he  was  ever  in  full  sympathy  with  all  its  missionary  and  educational  oper- 
ations.    He  was  a  dignified  and  popular  minister  of  the  Gospel,  faithful  to 
the  terms  of  the  spiritual  contract  both  as  an  able  expounder  of  the  word 
of   God  and  as  a  conscientious  pastor  and   safe  spiritual  advisor.     "Mints. 
Gen.  Syn.."  1893,  896. 

Vander  Ploeg,  Herman  (nephew  of  H.  Vander  Ploeg,  above),  b.  Zyldyk, 
Groningen,  Neths.,  Nov.  19,  1862;  H.C.  92,  W.S.  95,  1.  CI.  Holland; 
New  Era,  Mich.,  95-1900,  Coopersville,  Mich.,  1900-1904,  Liictor  and 
Prairie  View,  Kan.,  1904-08,  CI.  Missionary,  CI.  la.,  1908-11,  East 
Overisel,    Mich.,    1911-14,    Litchville,    N.D.,    1914-18,    Sheboygan    Falls, 

Wis.,  1918-19,  Newton,  III,  Zion,  1919 

Publications:    Poems  in  De  Hope  and  Leader. 
Vander   Schaaf,   John   J.,  b.   Orange   City,   la.,   Aug.   25,   1881.     H.C.    1907, 
W.T.S.   1910,   1.  by  CI.   Holland.     Litchville  and   North   Alarion,   N.D., 

1910-12,  Spring  Lake,  Mich.,  1912-16,  Bethel,  Lcota,  Minn.,  1916- 

Publications:  Articles  in  De  Hope. 
Vander  Schoor,  C,  b.  Grand  Rapids.  Mich.,  Julv  23,  1876.  H.C.  1905, 
W.T.S.  1908.  1.  by  CI.  G.R.  Baldwin,  Wis.,  1908-13,  Grandville.  Mich., 
1913-15.  Williamson.  N.Y.,  S.S.,  1915-17,  Pastor,  1917-20,  Manhattan, 
Mont,  and  Big  Timber,  Mont.,  1921 .  Also  Big  Timber  and  Alder- 
son,  1921 

Vander  Schuur,  K.,  b.  at  Midwolda,  Netherlands,  April   17,   1803.     Studied 
under  Rev.  Mr.  Kok.     Lie.  and  ord.  by  the  Church  of  the   Separated, 
1840;     Hoogeveen,   40-48,    Graafschap,    Mich.,    49-50.    Oostburg,    Wis., 
50-66,  emeritus.    Died  Nov.  17,  1876. 
Having  received  a  religious  training  at  home,  he  identified  himself  with 
the   interests  of   those  who  had   separated   from   the   National   Church — the 
seceders  or  separated  ones.     This   secession  took  place  about   1828,  on  ac- 
count  of   errors   in   doctrine   and   practice,   as   alleged.      He   shared   in    the 
common  persecution  to  which  these  seceders  were  exposed.     At  the  advice 
of   Rev.   Mr.   Kok,  who  was  then   educating  young   men   for   the   ministry, 
he  was   induced   to   leave   a   thriving  business  and  prepare  himself    for   the 
ministry.      Moving   to   Michigan   in    1849,   he   shared   in   all    the   trials   and 
hardship  of  western  pioneer  life. — John  Hoffman. 

Vander    Schuur,   K.      South   Holland,   49-51.   joined   the   Assoc.    Rcfd.    Ch. 
Vanderveen,    Christian,    b.    at    Amsterdam,    Neths.,    Nov.    15,    1838;     c.    to 


THE    MINISTRY  543 

America,  46;    R.C.  58.  N.B.S.  61,  lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.  Holland;    Grand 
Haven,  61-8.  Grand  Rapids,    i.st.  68-70,   Third   Editor  of   "De   Hope." 
71-3,    (Canon    City,    Colorado,    Presbyt.,    74-5),    Drenthe,    75-88,    w.    c. 
Died  Oct.  17,  1896. 
He  was  a  man  of  intellect  and  literary  skill.     He  suffered  long  from  ill 

health  but  made  the  periods  of  his  enforced  retirement  useful  by  the  products 

of  his  pen.     See  Manual,  1902. 

PuBLic.\Tioxs :    Many  articles  under  the  name  of   "Paulo"   for  the   Int. 

and  other  papers. 

Vanderveer,    Cyrus    G.    (son    of    Ferdinand    H.    Vanderveer),    b.    at    New 
Hurley,  1835;    N.B.S.  59,  1.  CI.  Paramus ;    Miss,  at  Plavana,  59,  Daven- 
port, 59-66,  also  Chaplain  in  the  army,  61-2,  Cor.  Sec.  Bd.  Dom.  Miss., 
66-8,  d.    See  Manual  of  1879. 
PuBLic.vTiON  :    Art.  on  Inspiration  in  "Evang.  Quarterly." 

Vanderveer,  David  N.,  b.  Florida.  Montg.  Co.,  N.Y.,  Sept.  22,  1841  ;  U.C. 
1863,  P.S.  66,  1.  Presbvt.  N.B.  65,  Kingston.  67-76.  (Chicago,  Union 
Park.  Cong.,  76-8),  Brooklyn,  79-86.    Died  1902.    D.D.  by  U.C. 

Vanderveer,    Ferdinand    H.,    b.    near    Somerville,    N.J.,    1800;     U.C.    1820, 
N.B.S.  22,,  1.  CI.  N.B.;     Miss,  to  Hyde  Park,  23,  to  Ovid,  23,  Hyde 
Park,  23-9,  New  Hurlev,  29-39,  Newburgh,  39-42,  Warwick,  42-76,  w.  c. 
Died  Julv  10,  1881.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1859. 
See  "Ch.  Int.."  July,  1881. 
Publication  :   An  Exegesis  on  "Baptize."     1880. 

Vanderveer,  John.  b.  in  Hunterdon  Co.,  N.J.,  May  5,  1800;  C.N.J.  17, 
N.B.S.  22.  lie.  CI.  N.B.;  Miss,  at  Mapletown,  Westerlo,  Canajoharie, 
Oppenheim,  Fayette,  Ovid  and  Union,  23;  (Philipsburg,  Pa.,  Presbyt., 
24-7),  teacher  at  Easton,  Pa.,  27-54;  d-  1878.  D.D.  by  R.C,  1852.  See 
\Ianual  of  1879. 

Vanderveer,  John  Quick.  R.C.  1877,  N.B.S.  1880.  Died  and  buried  at 
sea,  June  24,  1880. 

Vanderveer,  Lauren,  b.  ,near  Amsterdam,  N.Y.,  Sept.  6.  1856;  U.C.  78, 
N.B.S.  ^2,  1.  CI.  Schenectady;  supplied  Albany,  3d,  83,  Rotterdam,  2d, 
83-9,  Mt.  Pleasant,  90-1897.  Died  Aug.  17,  1897.  See  "Mints.  Gen. 
Svn.,"  1898,  234. 

Vanderveer,  Peter  L.,  b.  Brookside,  N.J.,  Sept.  30,  1846.  R.C.  1868,  N.B.S. 
1868-9,  went  to  Germany  to  study.     Became  a  lawver.     Died  March  16, 

1893. 

Vander  Voort,  John  C,  b.  at  Bound  Brook,  1798;  Q.C  1818,  N.B.S.  1819, 
1.  CI.  N.B.  1819;  (German  Valley  and  Fox  Hill,  Presbyt..  1819-26, 
Basking  Ridge).  1826-34.  Totowa.  ist,  1834-7,  Kinderhook,  1837-42, 
Mellenville,  1842-5,  New  Paltz.  1845-8,  Ghent,  2d,  1848-51,  died  June 
21.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Vandervolgen.  John  V.,  from  Chester  Assoc,  Vt.,  1842;    w.  c.  1842-50,  d. 

Vander  Werf,  Anthony,  b.  Neths.,  Alarch  20,  1873,  Grand  Rapids  Chris- 
tian Refd.  School,  95.  W.S.  1901,  1.  CI.  Holland.  Koster,  Wichert, 
1901-1903,  LaFayette,  Ind.,  1903-06,  Friesland.  Wis.  (Randolph  Centre), 
1906 — — 

Vander  Werf,  Seth.  W.S.  1895,  Chicago.  N.W.  Ch.,  96-9,  Gibbsville,  1899- 
1902,  Holland,  Mich.,  ist,  1902-05.  Pella,  la.,  ist,  1905-14.  Field  Sec. 
Bd.  D.M.,  1914 

Vander  Wart.  Herman,  b.  in  Arnheim.  Netherlands,  Sept.  9,  1851 ;  H.C.  73, 
N.B.S.  76,  lie.  CI.  Albany;  Glenville.  2d.  76-83,  Athens,  83-6,  Hacken- 
sack,  1st,  1886-1910,  d.  Jan.  6.  D.D.,  R.C,  1906.  See  Min.  Gen.  Syn., 
1 910,  832. 

Vander  Woude,  Berend  T.,  b.  Hallum,  Neth.,  April  25,  1884.  H.C.  1913, 
W.T.S.  1916,  1.  by  CI.  Holland.  Newton,  111.,  1916-19,  Portage,  Mich., 
1919 


544  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IX   AMERICA 

Van  Dousen,  Robert  J.,  b.  Fort  Plain,  N.Y.,  Jan.  i8,  1873.  Hartwick 
Sem.  1899,  1.  by  Lutheran  Synod,  1898.  (Lutheran,  Manheim  and  Ing- 
ham's Mills,  1902-04,  Central  Bridge,  1904-08,  Ingham's  Mills,   1909-10, 

Churchtown,  1910-15,  West  Camp.  1921).     S.S.,  Katsbaan,  1921 

Vandeventer,   John   Cornelius,   b.    N.Y.C.,    1847;     N.Y.U.   70.    N.B.S.   "jz,   1. 
CI.  Bergen;    Cold  Spring,  73-5,  Glenham,  75-8o,  Paramus,  80-6,  Nya'ck, 
86-92,  d.  Nov.  8. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

PuBLiCATiox  :    '"The  Pastor's  Greeting,"  Jan.  i,  1881. 
Vandewall,  Giles,  b.  in  Holland.  October  14,  1828 ;    studied  in  Holland,  came 
to  America.  1846.  N.B.S.  56,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;    East  Millstone,  56-S ;    Miss, 
in   the   West,   and   teacher   in   Holland    Academy,    58-61,   Bloemfontein, 
South  Africa,  61-70,  Paarl,  South  Africa,  1870-96,  d.  Jan.  2. 
He  went  to  South  Africa  to  help  the  evangelical  party  there  against  the 
rationalists.     For  thirty-five   years   he   was   recognized  as   one   of   the   best 
scholars  and  leading  men  in  the  South  African  Church.     His  vivid  descrip- 
tion of  the   South  African  Church  may  be   found   in  the  Christian   Intelli- 
gencer for  1862  and  afterward. 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Vandewater,  Albertus,  b.  Bushwick,   N.Y.,  Sept.  21,   1821  :    C.N.J.  46,   P.S. 
49;    l:c.  Presbyt.   N.Y.  49;     (Athens,   Pa.,   Presbyt..  49-52);     Spotswood, 
N.J.,  54-67,  North  Blenheim  and  Breakabin,  67-9,   Ponds,   69-72,  w.  c. 
In   1877  joined  the  Presbyt.  of   Potosi,  :Mo.     Died  Feb.  28,   1879.     See 
"P.S.  Gen.  Cat." 
Vandeweg,   Matthij,  b.   July  30,   1886,   Dordrecht,   Holland.     Utrecht   Univ. 
Medical.  Chicago.     Ord.  Dutch  Ref.  Ch.,  South  Africa,  1911.     Mission- 
ary to  China,  1919 

Vande  Werp,  J.    S.S.,  Corsica,  S.D.,  1915-16. 

Van   Doom,   Marinus,   b.   Neths.,   Feb.   3,    1842;     H.C. ;     N.B.S.    8c,    1.   CI. 
N.B. ;   ord.  CI.  Geneva,  May  5,  81 ;    Clymerhil,  81-9,  Newark,  N.Y.,  89- 
93,  Pultneyville,  1893-1905,  d.  Oct.  20.  1910.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1911,  265. 
Van  Doren,  David  K..  b.   Pluckamin,  N.J.,   Feb.   18,   1841  ;     N.B.S.  67,  lie. 
CI.  N.B. ;    West  Hurley,  67-9,   Currytown  and  Spraker's  Basin,  69-73. 
Albany,    3d.    73-5,    Saratoga,    75-83.    Scotia,    83-85,    Middleburg,    85-90, 
Dist.  Sup.  Am.  Bible  Soc,  90-98,  New  Salem  and  Clarksville,  1900-1902, 
Schodack   Landing,   N.Y.,    1902-07,   d.    Feb.    7,    1908.      Min.    Gen.    Syn., 
1908,  240. 
Van  Doren.  Isaac,  b.  July  9,  1773;    studied  under  Livingston,  lie.  CI.  N.Y., 
1798;     (Hopewell,    Orange    Co..    N.Y.,    1802-25,    teaching    in    Newark, 
1825-9,  Colleg.  Inst,  for  Young  Ladies  on  Brooklyn  Heights,   1829-34;' 
Coll.  for  Young  Ladies  at   Lexington,  Ky.,   1834-8,  Academy  at  War- 
saw, Ky.,   1838-40;    Miss.   Ch.  at  Iron  Alt.,   Missouri.   1840-4,  w.  c,  d. 
1865). 
He  at  once  entered  the   Presbyterian   Church,   and   spent   many  years   in 
teaching.     His  son,  Rev.  John  Livingston  Van  Doren,  was  an  Episcopalian, 
settled  in  the  West.     See  "Our  Home,"  a  Somerville  magazine,  p.  340.     His 
daughter,   Mrs.   Davidson,   wife  of   Rev.   Dr.   Davidson,    formerly   of   New 
Brunswick,    embalmed    his    religious    life    in    "The    Old    Parsonage,"    pubd. 
by  Presbyt.  Board. 

Van   Doren,   John   Addison,   b.   N.Y.C..    1815:     R.C.    1835.    N.B.S.    1838,   1. 
CI.  N.Y.,  1838;   Middlebush.  1838-66.  supplied  Lodi,  1866;    S.S.,  Clinton 
Station,  1866-72,  w.  c.     Died  Aug.  24,  1886. 
He  was  an  able  man  and  a  faithful  pastor  but  for  many  years  before  his 
death  laid  aside  by  sickness. 

Manual,  1902. 
Van  Doren,  John  Howard,  b.  at  Princeton,  N.J.,  Aug.  20,  1837;  R.C.  59, 
N.B.S.  64,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Missionary  to  China,  at  Amoy,  65-8,  speaking 
in  behalf  of  missions  in  America,  Oct.,  68-Oct.,  70,  at  Amov,  Dec.  70- 
Feb.,  y%  Cato,  74-6,  Tyre,  N.Y.,  76-82,  Gallupville.  82-6,  Ulster  Park. 
86-92,  Bath-on-Hudson,  92-8,  died  June  6. 


THE   MINISTRY  545 

During  his  seminary  course,  patriotism  became  so  strong  in  him  that,  on 
Sept.  2,  1862,  he  enhsted  in  Co.  K,  13th  Reg.  N.J.V.  He  was  honorably 
discharged.  June,  1863.  He  chose  the  mission  field  for  his  labors,  but  twice 
ill  health  drove  him  home.  While  in  China,  he  was  the  author  of  a  mental 
arithmetic  in  the  Amoy  Colloquial,  which  (1899)  was  yet  in  use  in  the 
schools  of  colleges  of  the  district  of  Amoy.  His  advent  to  his  last  field 
of  labor,  Bath-on-the-Hudson,  was  under  very  discouraging  circumstances. 
There  was  only  a  small  nucleus  for  the  organization  of  a  church,  but  by 
great  perseverance  he  succeeded  in  effecting  an  organization,  and  in  erecting 
a  fine  edifice;  yet  not  a  dollar's  worth  of  work  was  ever  contracted  for  until 
the  money  was  sure.  He  also  refused  to  raise  a  dollar  for  the  purpose  by 
socials,  fairs,  excursions,  or  any  expedients  of  such  doubtful  propriety. 
His  efforts  in  his  spiritual  duties  were  as  successful  as  his  business  capac- 
ities. He  preached  tjie  Gospel  of  Christ  from  the  heart,  with  great  accept- 
ance, and  the  word  preached  was  not  without  its  fruit.  He  was  a  man 
of  mild  and  pleasing  demeanor,  a  good  neighbor  and  citizen,  and,  perhaps, 
he  never  had  a  personal  enemy.  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1899,  550. — "Biog. 
Notices  of  Grads.  R.C.,"  1899.  16. 

Van  Doren,  Luther  H.  (s.  of  Rev.  Isaac  Van  Doren),  b.  Hopewell,  Orange 
Co.,  N.Y..  1808;  C.N.J.  1831;  studied  a  while  with  Rt.  Rev.  R.  B. 
Smith.  D.D.,  LL.D.,  P.E.  Bishop  of  Kentucky ;  1.  Presbyt.  of  West  Lex- 
ington, Ky. ;  ord.  Presb.  of  Columbia,  Mo.,  1834;  (St.  Louis,  Farming- 
ton.  Columbia,  Mo.;  Freehold.  Tennent  Ch.,  N.J.;  Paducah,  Ky. ; 
Spring  St.,  50th  St.,  New  York;  New  Vernon.  N.J.,  Presb.,  34-71); 
Montville,  71-4;  Middletown,  N.J..  74-6,  d. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

PuBLic.Mioxs :  "Triumphs  of  Grace":  A  Disc,  on  the  Death  of  Richard 
W.  Redfield.  1847. — Commentary  on  the  Gospels.  2  vols. — Com.  on 
Romans.  2vols.  1873. — "Mercantile  Morals."  1852. — Many  articles  in 
the  Religious  Papers. — A  Series  of  Letters  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  in  1854-5,  on  his 
foreign  travels. 

Van  Doren,  Wm.  H.  (s..of  Is.  Van  Doren).    P.S.  1840  (?)  Williamsburgh, 
1840-9,  Piermont.  2d,  52-3.  w.  c.     (Presbyt.  St.  Louis,  Mo.).     D.D.  by 
R.C..  1869.     Died  1882.     Sketch  in  "N.Y.  Observer,"  Sept.  4.  1882. 
Van  Doren,  Wm.  H.,  b.  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  May  21,  1839.     R-C.  1867,  N.B.S. 
71,  lie.  CI.  N.B.;    West  End,  Jersey  City,  71-7,  Blooming  Grove,  77-82, 
West  Hurley  and  Stewartville,  83-4,  Laboring  for  Ohio  Tract  Society, 
85-6,  Fairview,  88-93,  Spotswood,  94-5,  w.  c. 
Van  Doren.  Wm.  Theodore,  b.  N.Y.C.,  1819  (brother  of  J.  A.  Van  Doren)  ; 
R.C.  1837,  N.B.S.  40,  1.  CI.  N.Y.;    Miss,  in  Batavia,  41-2,  Woodstock, 
N.Y.,  43-5,  (Port  Byron,  Presbyt.,  45-52),  Mott  Haven,  52-3,  Ramapo, 
53-7,  South  Bend,  S7-9,  Chaplain  in  Armv,  7th  Missouri  Cavalrv,  61-2, 
w.  c.     Died  1886. 
Van  Driessen,  Johannes,  b.   i6()7,  matriculated  at  University  of  Groningen, 
May    13,     1717,    as    a    student    of    theology,    giving    his    residence    as 
Monoghodamensis ;    lie.  and  ord.  in   New   Haven,  by  a  Congregational 
Covmcil,  Ap.   13.   1727;    Clavcrack.  Kinderhook  and  Livingston  Manor, 
1727-8.   Kinderhook,   1728-35,  intruding  at  New  Paltz  and  out-stations, 
1732,  as  well  as  at  Germahtown;    Aquackanonck  and  Pompton,   1735- 
48,  silenced.     Also  occasionally  supplied   Paramus,   1 731-2;   1735-48. 
He  was  educated  in  Belgium,  but,  with  a  letter  from  Patroon  Van  Rens- 
selaer,  he   proceeded  to  Yale   College,   and   was   licensed  and  ordained  by 
the  Congregationalists.     His  brother  Peter,  of   Albany,  helped  him  in  this 
matter,   contrary   to   the   emphatic   advice   of    the    ministers   of    New   York 
and   Kingston.      When    the   Classis    of    Amsterdam    heard   of    this    circum- 
stance, they  expressed  their  profound  sorrow  that  such  a  one  as  John  Van 
Driessen  had  now  succeeded  in  thrusting  himself   into  the  ministry.     The}' 
censured   Peter  Van   Driessen   for  his  course,  and   commended   those  who 
opposed   him.    They  declared   John   to   be   no   legal   minister   in   the   Re- 


546  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

formed    Dutch   Church,   because   the   Independents   in    New   Haven   had   no 
right   to   commission   ministers    for    Dutch   churches ;     because   his    conduct 
was  then  and  had  been  very  far  from  correct ;    and  lastly,  because  he  had 
previously,    as   well   as    in    1727,    presented    forged   certificates.      Owing    to 
the  lack  of  ecclesiastical  judicatures  in  America,  he  managed  to   find,   for 
twenty-one  years,  congregations  which  would  accept  him.     Finally  he  was 
silenced.     The  Classis  charged  his  brother  with  knowing  the  falsity  of  the 
certificates  which  John  used  at  New  Haven,  and   Peter's  angry  conduct  in 
the  matter  toward  the  people  of  Claverack  tends  to  strengthen  the  charge. 
No  minister   had  yet  been  legally  ordained  in  America   by  the   Dutch,  al- 
though   Tesschenmaeker's   ordination    (1679)    had   been    ratified   afterward, 
while    Paul    Van    Vleck's    (1710)     was    altogether    irregular.       (Tesschen- 
maeker.    Van    Vleck,    Freeman).      Partly    for    these    reasons    the    Classis 
permitted    Boehme    (1729)    and    Schuyler    (1736)    to    be    ordained    by    the 
ministers  here,  and  thus  the  way   was   prepared   for   the   Ccetus.     Without 
some   ecclesiastical   authority    in   the    American    churches,    such    impositions 
could  not  be  altogether  prevented.    "Ecc.  Rec,  N.Y.,"  several  letters.    "Stitt's 
Hist,  of  Ch.  of  New  Paltz."     "Zabriskie's  Claverack  Centennial."     "Mints, 
of    Ccetus."      "Doct.    Hist.,"    iii.    916.      His    professed    literary   testimonials 
from   Momkendam,   Hardenwyck  and  Utrecht  are  inserted  in  the.Aquack- 
anonck   records.     He  continued   his   studies   with   his   brother   Peter   at   Al- 
bany.    When   his   case   was    stated   at   Yale    College,   and    his   testimonials 
shown,  he  was  ordained  by  a  council  for  the  service  of  the  Dutch  churches 
on  the  North  River. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Van    Driessen,    Petrus    Htnricus     (brother    of    Johannes    Van    Driessen), 
matriculated   at   Groningen    University,   Nov.    2,    1705,   giving   his   resi- 
dence as  Coevordiensis.     A  Latin  note  appended  to  his  name,  reads  as 
follows:     Hujus    Dn.    Patri    per    Pedellum    remisi    oblatum. — Albany, 
1712-38.     Also    supplied    Kinderhook,    1712-27;     Linlithgow,    1722-37?, 
and  Schenectady,  occasionally.     Died  Jan.,  1738.     He  was  also  mission- 
ary to  the  neighboring  Indians. 
His  conduct,  in  connection  with  his  brother    (see  above)    does  not  indi- 
cate a  very  high  tone  of  character,  and  his  letters  leave  the  same  impres- 
sion.    The   old   stone   church   at   the    foot   of    State   Street   in   Albany   was 
built  in   1715,  during  his   ministry  there.     He  was   married  by   Rev.   Peter 
Vas,   of   Kingston,   on   Aug.   26.    1712,   to   Eva,   daughter   of   Hendrick   and 
Anna  Cuyler.     See  "Rogers"   Hist.  Discourse."     "Doc.  Hist.,"  iii.  546,  548- 
552.    "Ecc.  Rec,  N.Y." 

Publications:  Aanbiddelijkle  wegen  God's  in  zijne  Souveraine  Bestu- 
ringe,  besonder  over  de  Machten  deser  Wereld  verklaart  en  toegepast  in 
drie  Predicatien,  door  P.  V.  D.,  VD.M.  te  Nieuw  Albania,  N.Y.,  gedrukt 
by  J.  Pieter  Zenger.    4to,  pp.  79.     1726. 

("Adorable  Ways  of  God  in  his  Soveriegn  Government,  especially  on 
the  Powers  of  this  World,"  explained  and  applied  in  three  Sermons,  by 
P.  Van  Driessen,  Verbi  Dei  Minister  in  New  Albany). 

A  copy  of  this  rare  volume  was  in  possession  of  Hon.  Henry  C.  Murphy, 
of  Brooklyn,  N.Y.  Two  of  the  above-mentioned  discourses  were  preached 
on  the  accession  of  George  I.,  and  one  on  occasion  of  Governor  Burnet's 
treaty  with  the  Five  Nations.  The  introduction  to  these  sermons,  addressed 
to  Governor  Burnet,  is  given  by  Dr.  E.  P.  Rogers,  in  his  "Hist.  Discourse" 
at  Albany,  1857,  pp.  63-67. 

Van  Duine,  Anthony  M.,  b.  Holland,  Mich.,  Sept.  10.  1863;  H.C.  89, 
W.S.  92,  1.  CI.  Holland;  ord.  CI.  Iowa,  June  17,  92;  Holland.  Neb., 
92-1900,  Newkirk,  la.,  1900-1904,  Alton,  la..  1904-10,  South  Holland, 
111.,  1910-12,  Chicago.  111.,  Englewood,  ist,  1912-15,  Passaic,  N.J.  (Hoi.), 

1915 

Van  Dyck,  Alexander  S.,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Nov.  25,  1858;  C.C.N.Y.  79.  N.B.S. 
82,  1.  N.  CI.  L.I. ;    ord.  by  same,  Oct.   17,  82;    Missionary  at  Amoy, 


THE   MINISTRY  547 

China,  Dec,  82-Marcli,  95;    Highland  Park.  N.J.,  1897-1903,  Cobleskill, 
N.Y.,    1903-06,   Phihnont,   N.Y.,    1906-14,    Syracuse,   N.Y.,   2d,    1915-21, 

Wanaque,  N.J.,  1921 .     Supt.  Home  Dept.  N.J.  S.S.  Ass.     Member 

Ex.  Com.  N.J.  S.S.  Ass.,    1899-1903.     Director  of   Syracuse  Training 
School  of  Religious  Education,  1917-19. 
Van   Dyck,   Cornelius   L.,  b.   at   Kinderhook,    1804;    U.C.  26,   N.B.S.   29,   1. 
CI.  ;    Marbletown,  29-53,  North  Esopus   (Port  Ewen),  56-66,  d. 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Van  Dyck,  Cornelius  Van  Allen,  b.  at  Kinderhook,  N.Y.,  Aug.  13,  1818; 
studied  at  Kinderhook  Academy;  Jefferson  Med.  Coll.,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  39;  appointed  medical  missionary  to  Syria,  by  A.B.C.F.M.  39; 
voyage  to  Syria,  Jan.-Ap.  2,  40;  founded  Boys'  Sem.  at  Abeih,  Mt. 
Lebanon,  43;  in  charge  of  same,  43-51;  ordained  by  Syrian  Mission, 
J[an.  14,  1846. 

Principal  of  Missionary  Sem.,  48-52,  transferred  to  Sidon  field,  52-7,  (in 
United  States,  53-4-)  ;  appointed  to  complete  Arabic  translation  of  Bible, 
and  transferred  to  Beyrout,  57,  manager  of  Mission  Press  at  Beyrout, 
57-80;  elected  corresponding  member  of  the  '"Deut-sche  Morgenlandsche 
Geschellschaft,"  1858;  visited  Europe  in  reference  to  the  Arabic  transla- 
tion of  Bible,  60;  said  translation  completed,  Aug.  22,  1864. — In  New  York 
City,  supervising  the  making  of  electrotype  plates  for  said  translation, 
65-7,  teacher  of  Hebrew  in  Union  Sem.,  66-7;  (Heb.  Professorship  offered 
him  in  U.S.,  but  declined). 

Returned  to  Syria,  1867,  director  of  the  ^lission  Press;  editor  of  first 
religious  newspaper  in  Arabic;  Professor  of  chemistry  and  pathology,  in 
Med.  Dept.  of  Syrian  Prot.  Coll. — After  about  five  years.  Prof,  of  Astron- 
omy and  director  of  the  Observatory.  (Much  of  that  service,  gratuitous; 
large  part  of  the  apparatus  procured  at  his  own  expense,  and  subsequently 
transferred  to  the  College  at  about  half-price). 

About  1871,  as  Prof,  of  Pathology  in  the  Syr.  Prot.  Coll.,  became  physi- 
cian to  the  Hospital,  founded  and  maintained  by  the  Knights  of  St.  Jolin 
in  Prussia.  In  1879,  received  from  the  King  of  Prussia  the  gold  decoration 
and  "Order  of  the  Royal  Crown."  In  summer  of  82,  short  vacation  of  six 
weeks  in  V^ienna ;    in  Dec.  82.  resigned  his  connection  with  the  College. 

Physician  to  St.  George's  Hospital,  W'hich  was  founded  and  maintained 
by  the  Orthodox  Greek  sect  of  native  Syrians,  83-94. — Jubilee  celebration 
of  his  landing  in  Svria,  Ap.  2,  1890.     Died  Nov.  13,  1895,  aged  yy  years. 

M.D.  by  Jeff.  Med.  Coll.,  Philadelphia,  1839.— D.D.  by  R.C.,  1865.— 
L.H.D.  by  R.C.,  1890. — LL.D.  by  University  of  Edinburgh,  1892;  Con- 
ferred "in  absentia" — a  very  imusual  honor. 

He  was  the  third  son  of  Henry  L.  Van  Dyck,  M.D.,  and  Catharine  Van 
Alen.  His  brothers  were  the  late  Rev.  Laurence  H.  Van  Dyck;  and  Rev. 
Dr.  Henry  Van  Dyck,  of  Brooklyn,  a  man  of  eminent  character  and  wide 
reputation.  The  parents  were  of  godly  ancestry  who  had  been  identified 
with  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  of  Kinderhook  from  its  beginning.  They 
were  both  of  exalted  Christian  character,  as  well  as  of  high  social  standing. 
The  influence  of  their  example  and  training,  and  the  answers  to  their 
prayers  appeared  in  the  life  and  character  of  all  their  children,  both  boys 
and  girls. 

At  the  age  of  thirteen  (Aug.  23,  1831),  Cornelius  became  a  member  of 
the  Kinderhook  church,  and  thence  his  membership  was  never  removed. 
The  Kinderhook  Academy,  at  which  he  was  educated  in  English  and  the 
classics,  was,  at  that  time,  an  institution  of  high  standing  and  almost 
national  repute.  Deciding  to  follow  his  father's  profession,  and  having  ob- 
tained his  M.D.  in  Philadelphia,  he  offered  himself  to  the  service  of  the 
Lord  in  Syria.  This  was,  at  that  time,  a  difficult  and  most  unpromising 
field,  but  a  high  sense  of  duty  and  a  consecrated  heart  made  it  a  welcome 
field  to  him.  On  his  arrival  in  Syria  he  applied  himself  to  the  study  of 
Arabic,  and  with  his  diligence  and  an  unusual  aptitude  for  languages,  his 


548 


THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IK    AMERICA 


progress  was  rapid.  He  quickly  outstripped  his  fellow-students,  and  be- 
came so  accurate  and  fluent  in  the  language,  that  native-speaking  Arabs 
mistook  him,  sometimes,  for  one  of  themselves ;  so  that,  on  one  occasion, 
indeed,  from  this  cause,  in  a  conflict  between  Maronites  and  Druses,  his 
life  was  in  danger.  His  Moslem  dress  and  his  perfect  Arabic  were  regarded 
as  disproving  his  claims  to  be  an  American. 

Scarcely  a  question  could  be  asked  concerning  an  Arabic  word  that  he 
was  not  ready  to  answer  at  once.  And  not  only  that,  but  having  a  wonder- 
ful memory  as  well,  it  was  hard  to  find  any  Arabic  word  for  which  he 
could  not  quote  a  line  of  poetry  off-hand,  from  some  classic  author,  who 
had  used  it.  He  came  to  be  recognized  as  the  first  Arabic  scholar  of  the 
world.  Under  these  circumstances,  there  was  but  one  answer  to  the  ques- 
tion of  the  Mission  and  the  American  Board,  as  to  the  man  best  qualified 
to  complete  the  translation  of  the  Bible,  on  which  Dr.  Eli  Smith  had 
labored  for  about  eight  years.  Scarcely  less  proficient  in  Hebrew  and 
Greek  than  in  Arabic,  he  was  peculiarly  qualified  for  this  monumental 
work  of  giving  the  Scriptures  to  the  many  millions  of  Arabic-speaking 
people.  Revising,  and,  to  a  considerable  degree,  re-writing  all  of  Dr. 
Smith's  work,  the  Pentateuch  excepted,  he  produced  a  translation  which, 
for  accuracy  and  elegance,  is  the  wonder  of  scholars  and  the  joy  of  all 
lovers  of  pure  Arabic.  This  alone  will  give  him  an  immortality  of  honor, 
and  make  his  name  precious  to  the  hearts  of  Christians  for  generations 
to  come.  The  best  native  scholars,  and  the  world's  most  eminent  Oriental- 
ists were  constantly  consulted.  The  result  is  an  unsurpassed  classic  for 
all  Arabic-speaking  people.  The  Mission  Press  in  Beyrout  printed  every 
year,  about  15,000,000  pages,  perhaps  more,  of  this  Bible,  every  word  of 
which  was  first  written  in  Arabic  characters  by  these  two  men,  whose 
graves  are  in  the  Beyrout  cemetery.  This  work  and  these  men  have  justly 
been  termed  "America's  gift  to  the  Moslem  world." 

The  introductory  outline  (given  above)  of  Dr.  Van  Dyck's  life  and 
labors  reveals  how  many  and  varied  were  his  services  to  Christ  and  hu- 
manity. They  cannot  be  presented  in  detail  in  the  space  allotted  to  this 
sketch.  Few  have  had  such  qualifications  and  opportunities  for  manifest 
service.  He  was  a  devoted  Christian  missionary ;  an  accomplished,  al- 
most an  encylopedic  scholar;  an  unusually  successful  writer  and  trans- 
lator of  many  books  of  wide  range ;  an  eminent  teacher  and  Professor, 
indeed,  almost  a  well-equipped  University  Faculty  in  himself;  a  skillful 
and  beloved  physician  and  surgeon,  he  has  rendered  Christ.  His  church 
and  the  world  a  service  rarely  paralleled. 

During  fifty-five  years  of  missionary  service  he  visited  his  native  land 
ony  twice ;  once  on  furlough,  and  once  on  missionary  business.  His 
habits  of  living  were  almost  ascetic  in  their  simplicity.  He  had  great 
fondness  for  animals,  especially  for  dogs,  which  always  became  devotedly 
attached  to  him.  An  American  visitor  speaks  of  seeing  in  his  study  a  hang- 
ing lamp,  around  the  top  of  the  chain  of  which  a  swallow  was  building 
her  nest ;  "and  the  gentle  old  man  had  carefully  spread  newspapers  on 
the  floor,  to  catch  the  falling  bits.  Dr.  Van  Dyck  explained  that  the 
swallow  had  been  driven  in  by  other  birds,  and  he  could  not  turn  it  out." 

He  had  a  keen  sense  of  humor  and  was  very  fond  of  a  good  joke.  He 
was  the  staunchest  of  friends  and  the  most  outspoken  of  antagonists. 
Although  not  without  acrimony,  at  times,  in  the  heat  of  controversy,  he 
scorned  all  that  was  unfair  or  underhanded.  His  character  and  services 
won  wide  recognition  from  all  ranks  and  sects.  The  first  marble  Memorial 
erected  in  Syria  in  modern  times  was  his  marble  bust  in  the  court  of  St. 
George's  Hospital ;  evincing  the  affection  of  the  Orthodox  Greeks  for  the 
faithful  physician  and  missionary. 

The  tribute  rendered  to  him  at  the  Jubilee  Services  on  the  completion  of 
fifty  years  in  Syria,  by  Christians,  Moslems,  Maronites.  Druses,  Jews,  of 
every   rank  and  condition,   was   such  as   no    foreigner   had   ever   received. 


THE   MINISTRY  549 

A   SjTian  expression  of  the   feeling  of   his  people  was :     "We   say — after 
God,  Van  Dyck." 

In  the  autumn  of  1895,  Dr.  Van  Dyck,  already  much  enfeebled,  was 
attacked  by  prevailing  typhoid  fever,  and  after  a  short  illness  "fell  asleep." 
His  funeral  was  attended  by  a  vast  concourse,  representing  every  rank, 
nationality  and  religious  faith.  His  remains  were  placed  in  the  Mission 
Cemetery  at  Beyrout,  near  the  church  in  which  he  often  preached,  and 
not  far  from  the  graves  of  his  honored  predecessors,  Pliny  Fiske  and  Eli 
Smith.  The  whole  Christian  world  grieved  with  the  bereaved  family, 
mission  and  people  of  Syria,  and  rendered  glowing  tribute  to  his  life  and 
service,  while  rejoicing  in  the  assured  and  all-rewarding  welcome  of  the 
King — "Well-done,  good  and  faithful  servant !" 

He  had  married,  on  Dec.  2^,  1842,  Julia  Abbott,  daughter  of  the  British 
consul.  His  widow,  two  sons  and  two  daughters,  survived  liim.  The 
elder  son,  Edward,  was  an  Egyptian  government  official ;  the  younger,  Wil- 
liam Thompson  Van  Dyck,  M.D.  was  a  distinguished  physician  in  Beyrout. 
To  the  latter  the  writer  is  much  indebted  for  assistance  in  the  prepara- 
tion of  this  sketch.  All  other  available  sources  of  information  have  been 
freely  used. — See  also  Manual  of  1879.  See  "Anderson's  Hist,  of  the  Alis- 
sions  of  the  American  Board  to  the  Oriental  Chs.,"  i.  249;  ii.  32'^,  345,  366, 
368.  In  "Bibliotheca  Sacra,"  xxvi.  170,  Van  Dyck's  opinion  is  quoted  on 
the  wines  of  Syria. 

Publications  in  Ar.^bic  :  "Westminister  Assembly's  Shorter  Cate- 
chism," 1843.  Last  edition,  1884.— "Manual  of  Geography,"  1852,  1876, 
1885. — "School  Geography,"  1850;  3d  ed.  1886. — "Manual  of  Algebra," 
1852,  1877. — "Elements  of  Euclid's  Geometry,"  1857. — "Arabic  Prosody 
and  Versification,"  1857. — "Translation  of  the  Bible,"  1857-64. — "Manual 
of  Chemistry,  Organic  and  Inorganic,"  1869. — "Treatise  on  Smallpox  and 
Measles,"  1872. — "Manual  of  Trigonometry,  Logarithms,  etc.,  with  Tables," 
1873. — "Manual  of  Mensuration,  Surveying  and  Navigation,"  1873. — 
"Manual  of  Physical  Diagnosis,"  1874. — "Treatise  on  Astronomy,"  1874. — 
"Text-Book  of  Pathology  and  Practice  of  Medicine,"  1878. — "Translation 
of  D'Aubinges's  Hist,  of  the  Reformation,"  1878. — "Schonbcrg-Cotta 
Family,"  1885. — "Primers  of  Science,"  8  vols.  1886-9. — "Practical 
Astronomy,"  1893. — Sundry  Sermons,  Catechisms,  etc.,  etc.,  published 
from  time  to  time.— Translation  of  Ben-Hur,  1896.  Posthumous. — Many 
Tracts.— By  Rev.  Dr.  Edward  Collier.— See  also  Dr.  T.  W.  Welle's 
"Ancestral  Tablets,"  p.  238. 

Van  Dyck,  Ezekiel  Deyo,  b.  New  Paltz,  N.Y.,  Feb.   15,  1858;  N.Y.U.  80, 
U.S.    83.     A   candidate    in    S.    CI.    Long    Is.    1883.     See    "Union    Sem. 
Gen.  Cat." 
Van    Dyck,    Hamilton,    b.    1807.     Ham.    Col.    26,    York    Sem.    (G.R.)    29, 
(Chambersburgh,    1829-33),   Prattsville,   N.Y.,   1833-6,  d.     See   Manual, 
1879. 
Van   Dyck,  Lawrence  H.    (brother  of    C.V.A.  Van   Dyck),  b.  at  Kinder- 
hook,  N.Y.,  Oct.  5,  1807;  A.C.  1830.  Aub.  S.  33,  lie.  and  ord.  Presbyt. 
Cayuga,  33,  agent  in  Kentucky   for  Tract   Society,  33-S,    (Cairo,   N.Y., 
Presbyt.  35-9,  Spencertown.  N.Y.,  Presbyt.  39-44),  Gilboa.  44-52,  Hel- 
derbcrgh.   52-6.   Blooming   Grove,   56-61,    Stone   Arabia,   61-7,   teaching, 
69-70,   Unionville,   70-6,    Rector  of   Hertzog   Hall,  76-81,   w.   c,   d.   at 
Brooklyn,  N.Y..  Jan.  24,  1893. 
He   was   a    faithful,   conscientious    minister   of    the    Gospel    of    the    Lord 
Jesus  Christ,  preaching  the  truth  plainly,   rebuking  sin   fearlessly  and  ever 
pointing  to  Christ  as  the  only  hope  of  the  perishing.     He  was  very  eloquent 
in   prayer,   a   modest,   unassuming   man,    lacking,   perhaps,   in   self-assertion, 
but  inire  of  heart,  true  and  steadfast  to  principle  and  duty:  and   from  the 
beginning  to  the  end  of  his  ministerial  career,  devoted  to  the  work  of  the 
Master,  and  earnestly  concerned   for  the  edification  and  salvation  of   man- 
kind.    See  Manual,  1902. 


550  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

Publications  :  "The  Death  of  the  Righteous  Desirable" :  a  sermon 
at  funeral  of  Mrs.  Clarissa  Page,  1847.  "A  History  of  the  Bible  Society 
of  Montgomery  County,   N.Y.,"   1867. 

Van  Dyck,  Leonard  B..  b.  1802;  U.C.  1824,  (N.B.S.  1827),  1.  by  Presbyt. 
of  Columbia,  1827;  (Osbornville.  (Windham),  Greene  Co.,  N.Y.,  1828- 
70?)     Died  1877. 

He  was  refused  a  license  in  the  Reformed  Church  because  he  was  uncertain 
as  to  the  doctrine  "the  extent  of  the  atonement,"  the  "eternal  generation  of 
the  Son,"  and  "the  procession  of  the  Holy  Ghost."  He  entered  the 
Presbyterian  Church  and  exercised  a  useful  ministry.     See  Manual,  1902. 

See  "Remarks  on  Liberty  of  Conscience,  Human  Creeds,  and  Theolog. 
Schools,"  suggested  by  the  facts  in  a  recent  case,  by  a  layman  of  the 
R.D.C.,  8vo,  pp.  102.  1828.  (This  was  published  anonymously,  but  was 
by  Ab.  Van  Dyck,  father  of  Leonard  B.  Van  Dvck.)  "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iii. 
90.     "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1828.  87-89;  1829,  86,  91',  175. 

Publications:     "The    Unlawfulness    of    the    Subscriptions    Required   of 
the  Ministers  of  the  R.D.C."     By  a  friend  of  the  Bible.   1829.     See  "The 
Examiner  Examined,"  a  Review  of  Van   Dyck's  Pamphlet.     1830? 
Van  Dyk,  Adrian,  b.  Zeeland,  Neth.,  Sem.  Zeeland,  191 1  ;    1.  by  CI.  Cascades, 

1916.  Monarch,   ist.  Alberta,  Can.,   1916-19;   Charles  Mix,  S.D.,   1919. 
Missionary  among  the  Dutch. 

Publications  :     Articles  in  the  press. 
Van   Dyk,    Frederick   John,   b.   Grand   Rapids,   Dec.   20,    1889.      H.C.    1912, 

W.T.S.  1915,  1.  by  CI.  of  Mich.     (Pres..  Immanuel,  Grand  Rapids,  1915- 

17,  Pres.,  Colored  Mission,  Louisville,  Ky.,  1917-20).     Hamilton,  Mich., 

American  Reformed,  1920 

Van   Dyk,  John  A.,  b.  Holland,   Mich.,  July  i,    1884;   H.C.   1907.     N.B.S. 

191 1,  1.  by  CI.  N.B.    Lodi,  N.J.,   ist,  Holland,   1911-18,  Grand  Rapids, 

Mich,  9th,  1918 — — . 
Van    Dyke,   Douwe,   b.   Groningen.   Neth.,   Feb.   25,    1881  ;     N.B.S.    1908-10. 

Missionary,   Africa   Inland   Mission,    1910. 
Van   Dyke,  Henry.     H.C.   1917,  W.T.S.   1920,  1.  by  CI.   Chicago.     Beverly, 

Mich.,  1920 . 

Van   Eerden,   Paul,  b.   Neth.,   Jan.  7,    1878.     N.B.S.    1919,   1.   by   CI.   N.B. 

1919.    ,Melvin,  la.,  1919 . 

Van    Egmond,    Harry,    b.    April    14,    1893:    Rynsburg,    Neth.     Educated    in 

Netherland,    Moody    Bible    Institute    '16,    W.T.S.    1919,    1.    by    CI.    111. 

Byron  Centre,  Mich.,  1919-1920.     Corsica,  S.D..  Grace,  1920 . 

Van   Emmerick,   Gerret.     Sayville,   L.I.,    1873-88,   Pella,   Bethany,   la.   88-9, 

Sully,  Bethany,  la.  90-1894,  w.  c. 
Van    Ess,    Balster,    b.    at    Kauteus,    Groningen,    Neths..    May    15,     1844; 

Theolog.  Sch.  of  Kampen :  c.  to  America,  68 ;  W.T.S.  70,  1.  CI ; 

North  Holland.  Mich.,  70-84,  Chicago.  Roseland.  84-1900,  d.  Jan.  14. 
His  pastorates  were  distinguished  for  their  prosperity.  He  was  inces- 
sant in  labor,  as  a  pastor,  and  extremely  popular  as  a  preacher  in  the 
populous  Dutch  centres.  He  was  an  able  and  faithful  expounder  of  the 
truth  in  its  widest  applications.  See  "Mints.  Gen.  Svn.,"  1900,  910. 
Van  Ess,  Jacob,  b.  North  Holland,  Mich.,  June  8,   1877.     H.C.  1898.     P.S. 

T901,   1.   by   CI.   Wis.     S.S.,   Irving   Park.   Emmanuel   Mission    1901-02, 

Knox  and  Berne,   N.Y.,  2d,   1902-04,   Bacon   Hill,    (North  Cumberland 

and    Fort    Miller,    1904-09).     Schoharie,    1909-11,    Delmar    (Bethlehem 

2d)    1911-21.     S.S.,  Union,  1913.     Missionary  P.S. A.     U.S.  War  Dept. 

Albany  Co.  Draft  Bd.  1917-19. 
Van  Ess,  John,  b.  New  Holland,  Mich..  Aug.   10,   1879;   H.C.   1899.     P.S. 

1902,    1.    by    CI.    Wis.    1902.      Missionary  4o    Arabia,    1903 .      D.D., 

Cen.  Col.,  1918. 
Publications  :    Articles  for  the  press.     Spoken  Arabic  of  Mesopotamia 

1917.  Practical  Written  Arabic  1921. 


THE   MINISTRY  551 

Van   Fket,   Jacob   Outcault.   b.   at    New   Brunswick,    NJ.,    1847;    R.C.    TZ, 
N.B.S.  76,   lie.   CI.   N.B.;   Kiskatom,  76-9,   Stone   House   Plains,   80-3, 
Alontville,  84-90,  Little  Falls,  90-8,  New  Baltimore,   1898-1911,   Lishas 
Kill,  1911-17. 
Van  Gaasbeek,   Laurcntius,  matriculated  at  University  of   LeVden,   Feb.  5, 
1659;   sailed   from  Amsterdam,  May   13,   1678,  arriving   in   New   York, 
Aug.  21 ;  arrived  at  Kingston,  Sept.  8,  and  delivered  his  first  sermon 
there,  Sept.  15.     Kingston,  1678-80,  Feb.,  d.  Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y. 
See  Manual,    1902. 
Van  Gieson,  Acmon  P.,  b.  West  Bloomfield.  N.J.,  Jan.   13,   1830;    U.N.Y. 
1849,  N.B.S.  52.  1.  CI.  Bergen;  Catskill,  52-5,  Brooklyn,  55-9,  Claverack, 
59-65,    Grcenpoint,    66-7.    Poughkeepsie,    1867-1906.    d.   April    19.     D.D. 
R.C.  1872.     Pres.  Gen.  Syn.,   1873. 
Dr.  Van  Gieson  was  one  of  the  strong  men  of  his  generation  and  his 
work   and   name    will    long   remain.     He   was   always   deeply    interested    in 
missions  and  for  many  years  was  a  member  of  the  Bd.  of  F.M.     See  Min. 
Gen.  Syn.,  1906,  606. 

Publications  :     Sermon   in   Memory  of    Dr.   C.   C.   Van   Cleef.     1875 — 
"The    Type   of    Doctrine   of    R.C. A.,"   as   represented   by   the    Symbols   of 
Heidelberg  and  Dordrecht.     In  "Centennial  Discs."   1876.     "Hist,  of  Refd. 
Church  of  Poughkeepsie,"  1893. 
Van    Gieson,    David    E.     S.S.    New    Hyde    Park,    1896-19CO.     S.S.    East 

Williamsburg  1900.     Dropped  1901. 
Van    Haagen,    Henry    C.     New    Salem    and    Clarksville,    1897-99,    Clifton, 
N.J.,  99-1900,  Rosendale  and  Rosendale  Plains,   1900-1902,   Stuyvesant 
Falls,   N.Y.,    1902-04.     Cong:regationalist. 
Van   Harlingen,   Johannes   Martinus,  b.   near  Millstone,   N.J.,    1724;   C.N.J. 
went   to    Holland   to   study   Theology;    lie.   by   CI.    Amsterdam,   Ap.   6, 
1761  ;    ord.  by  same,  May  4,  1761  ;    Neshanic  and  Sourland,   (afterward 
called  Harlingen),  1762^95,  died. 
After   commencing   his  theological   course   he  went  to   Holland,    for  the 
double  purpose  of  obtaining  a  more  thorough  preparation  for  the  ministry, 
and   being   ordained   by  the   Classis   of    Amsterdam.     After   completing   his 
theological    course    at   one    of    the    universities    of    Holland,    and    receiving 
ordination,    he    returned    to    America.     He    served   his   double    charge   with 
zeal   and    fidelity    for   thirty-three   years,    when    he    fell    asleep,    universally 
beloved    and    lamented.     He    preached    exclusively    in    Dutch    until    toward 
the  close  of  his  life,  when,  the  younger  part  of  his  charge  requiring  Eng- 
lish   sermons,    he    preached    occasionally    in    that    language.     He    was    an 
evangelical  preacher,  a  faithful  pastor,  and  a  patron  of  learning.     He  was 
a  member  of  the  original  Board  of  Trustees  of  Queen's  College,  and  la- 
bored  for   its   first  endowment.     Dom.   Van   Harlingen   was   twice   married. 
His    first    wife   was    Sarah    Stryker,    by   whom    he   had    two    children;    his 
second,    Elizabeth    \'an    Dcursen,    who    was    the    mother    of    three,    one    of 
whom  died  in  infancy,  and  the  others  survived  him.     The  fact  that  a  very 
prominent  church,  village,  and  district  of  country  are  called  by  his  name, 
might  be  taken  for  evidence  of  the  estimation  in  which  he  was  held. 
See  .sketch  in  "Centennial  of  N.B.  Sem.,"  429.     Alanual,   1902. 
IVlr.   Uriah   Lott,  of   Glen   Ridge.   N.J..  a  descendant  of   the  Van   Har- 
lingcns.  has  prepared  a  genealogy  of  the  family. 

Van  Harlingen.  John  M.  (nephew  of  J.  M.  Van  Harlingen,  above),  b. 
at  Sourland.  1761  ;  Q.C.  1783.  studied  under  Livingston.  1.  by  Chris- 
tian Synod  of  D.R.  Chs.  1786;  Millstone  and  Six  Mile  Run,  1787-95, 
w.  c.  1795-1812.  Prof.  Heb.  and  Ecc.  Hist.  1812-3,  d.  Elected  a  trus- 
tee of  Q.C.  1785. 
From  early  childhood,  it  is  said,  he  was  exceedingly  fond  of  books,  and 
spent  much  of  his  life  in  their  exclusive  society.     After  the  relinquishment 


55^  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

of  his  first  united  charges,  he  never  after  settled,  ahhough  he  labored 
abundantly  in  assisting  his  brethen,  and  supplying  vacant  pulpits  by  clas- 
sical appointment.  He  was  very  quiet  and  reserved  in  his  disposition, 
and  was  seldom  known  to  laugh  or  even  to  smile.  His  conversation  was 
instructive,  and  his  preaching  solid  and  evangelical,  but  not  popular.  After 
his  retirement  from  the  pastorate,  he  translated  Van  Der  Kemp's  Sermons 
on  the  "Heidelberg  Catechism,"  which  were  published  in  1810,  in  two 
volumes.  For  several  years  previous  to  the  establishment  of  the  theologi- 
cal professorate  at  New  Brunswick,  he  had  been  accustomed  to  receive 
young  men  at  his  residence,  and  instruct  them  in  Hebrew  and  Ecclesiasti- 
cal History  with  a  view  to  their  licensure.  In  1812,  the  General  Synod 
appointed  him  professor  of  these  branches  in  the  Theological  Seminary. 
He  accepted  the  chair  of  Hebrew,  and  agreed  to  instruct  temporarily  in 
Church  History,  but  his  career  of  usefulness  was  cut  short  by  death  in 
November,  1813.  His  loss  was  deeply  felt  by  the  Church  and  her  insti- 
tutions of  learning. — Rev.  Dr.  P.  D.  Van  Cleef. 

Publications:     "Translation  of   Van   Der   Kemp's   Sers.   on   Heidelberg 
Catechism."  2  vols.     1810. 

Van   Hee,  Isaac  J.,  b.   Pultneyville,  N.Y.,   Jan.  20,   1868;    R.C.  93,   N.B.S. 

96,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  assistant.  Port  Jervis,  June   i-Nov.  30,  96,  Alexandria 

Bay,   97-1901,    Fultonville,    1901-1905;    North    Paterson,    N.J.    1905-06; 

S.S.  Little  Falls,  N.J.  1906-07;   Pekin,  111.  1908-14.     Presbyterian  1914. 

Van    Hetloo,    E.,    b.    Gelderland,    Neth.,    Nov.    24,    1833.     Served    several 

pastorates    in    NetherJands ;    Paterson,    N.J.    (6th    Hoi.)     1887-1905    d. 

Dec.  7. 

Although  he  could  not  use  the  English  language,  he  was  a  very  influential 

man  among  the  Dutch  speaking  portion  of  the  community.     Min.  Gen.  Syn., 

1906,  607. 

Van  Heuvelen,  Bernard,  b.  North  Holland,  Mich.,  Oct.  3,  1868;  H.C.  1899, 
W.T.S.     1902,     1.     by     CI.     Holland     1902;     Atwood.     Mich.,     1902-09, 
Rotterdam,  Kan.,   1909-11,  Archer,  la,   1911-14,  North  Yakima,  Wash., 
1914-21.      Missionary,    Classis    of    Dakota,    1921,    S.C,    CI.    Cascades, 
1915-21. 
Van  Hook,  Isaac  A.     C.C.  1797.  N.B.S.  1819,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Miss,  to  Spots- 
wood,   19-21,  Miss,  to   Stillwater,   Sussex  Co.,   N.J..  22,  to  Beaverdam 
and  Middletown.  22,  to  Kleyn  Esopus,  22,  to  Tyashoke,  22,  Fort  Miller, 
and  Argyle,  23-4,  Miss,  to  Wilton,   25,  Cor.    Sec.   Bd.   Miss.  27,  died 
1834? 
Van  Home.  Ab.,  b.  at  Whitehouse,  N.J.,  Dec.  31,  1763;  Q.C.   1787,  studied 
under    Livingston,    lie.   by   the    Synod   of    D.R.    Chs.,    1788;    Wawarsing, 
Marbletown,    and    Rochester,     1789-95,    Caughnawga,     1795-1833,    died 
June  3,  1840. 
His    father   was   a   commissary   in   the   American   Army.     When    he    re- 
signed in  1783,  Abram  was  appointed  in  his  place.     He  was  a  great  favorite 
of  young  people.     He  is  said  to  have  married   1,500  couples. — "Doc.  Hist.," 
iii.  673. 

Van  Home.  David,  b.  Glen,   N.Y.,  Dec.   11,   1837;   U.C.  64,  N.B.S.  67,  1. 
CI.  Montgomery;   Union  Village,  67-8,   (Ger.  Refd..  Dayton,  O.  68-75, 
Philadelphia,    ist,    75-88,    Prof,    of    Svs.    Theologv   "in,    and    Pres.    of 
Heidelberg  Th.  Sem.,  Tiffin,  O.,  1888-1907.  Prof,  of  "Syn.  Theology,  Cen- 
tral Theo.  Sem.,  Davton.  Ohio.  1907).     D.D.,  Heidelberg,  1877;    LL.D., 
Ursinus.  1898;    Pres.  Gen.  Syn.  Ref.  Ch.,  U.S.,  1878-81;    Pres.  Bd.  F.M. 
Ref.  Ch.,  U.S.,  1878-88. 
Publications:     "Hist.    Refd.    Ch.    in    Philadelphia."    1876. — "Companion 
of    Praise."— "S.S.   Hymn    Book,"    1873-1878.— "Shorter   Heid.    Catechism," 
1881. — "Mountain    Boy  of   Willhaus ;    or.    Life   of    Zwingle,"    1884.    1900. — 
"Tent  and   Saddle  Life   in  the   Holy   Land."   1886. — "Religion  and   Revela- 
tion," 1892. — "The  Church  and  the  Future  Life,"  1904. 
Van    Houte,    Jacob,    b.    Neth.,    Dec.    7,    1845;    Trained    privately;    Served 


THE   MINISTRY  553 

churches  in  Netherlands,  Cleveland,  O.,  ist,  1884-6,  South  Holland,  111., 
86-91,    Holland,    ist,    Mich.,    91-1900,    Grand    Rapids,    4th,    1900-1903, 
Boyden,  la.,   1903-16,  d.  Oct.   19,   1919,  Ass.  Editor  of  De   Hope,   1891- 
1900.    Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1920,  275. 
PuBLic.xTioNS  :     Many  articles  for  the  press. 
Van    Houten,   Abraham,    1.   by    Seceders,    1852;    Clarkstown,    52-7,    Clarks- 
town  and  Paramus,  57-61,  Clarkstown  and  Hempstead,  61,   Schraalen- 
burgh,  61-6,  New  York,  King  St.,  66-78,  Leonia,  N.J.  78-84,   Paramus, 
84-8,  Englewood,  88-92,  Aquackononck,  82-95,  d. 
Van   Houten,   Abraham   John,   b.    Middleburg.    Neth.,    Nov.   6,    1881  ;     H.C. 

1909,  N.B.S.  1912,  1.  by  CI.  Michigan,  Lodi,  N.J.,  2d,  1912 

Van   Hovenbergh,    Eggo    Tonkens,   ord.   by    CI.   Amsterdam,    for    Surinam, 
April   1,   1743.    (Surinam,   South  America,   1743-49),   Livingston   Manor 
and  Claverack,    1749-56,   Rhinebeck  Flats,   1756-64,   suspended,  but   con- 
tinued to  preach  till  1767. 
In   1749,  on  his  way  to  Holland  from  Surinam.,  he  stopped  at  New  York, 
and  the  Consistory  of  that  place  wished  to  call  him,  as  Du  Bois  was  get- 
ting old ;  but  as  he  would  not  promise  to  join  the  Coetus,  he  was  not  called. 
His  language  concerning  the   ministers   in   New   York  also  turned  the  tide 
against  him.     Proceeding  north,  however,  he  obtained  settlements. 
Van  Huysen   (or  \'an  Hoesen),  Hermanns,  b.  in  Rockland  Co.,  N.Y.,  Oct. 
23,   1751;   studied  under   Livingston,  1.   CI.   Hackensack,    1793;    Helder- 
bergh,  Salem,  and  Jerusalem,  1794-1825,  d.  1833,  Nov.  26. 
He  was   the   first   to   receive   a   dispensation   under   the   new   Constitution 
of   1792.     See  Manual  of   1879.  and   Rev.   H.   M.  Voorhees'  "Hist.   Sermon 
at  Helderbergh,"  1889,  in  MSS. 
Van    Kampen    (Van    Campen),    Isaac,    b.    Holland,    Mich.,    Oct.    21,    1862; 

H.C.  90,   N.B.S.  93,   lie.   CI.   Rensselaer;     Saddle   River,   1893 .  also 

S.S.,    Waldwick,    N.J.,    1915,    Bd.   of    Education,    Saddle    River,    Ph.D., 
Univ.  111.,  1900. 
PuBLic-'\Tiox.s  :   Articles  for  press. 
Van   Kersen,   Wm.   John,  b.   Kalamazoo,   Mich.,   Nov.   25,    1873;    H.C.   94, 
P.S.  97,  lie.  CI.  Wisconsin;   Raritan,  111.   1897-1902,  Pella,  2d.   1902-10, 

District  Sec.  Bd.  P.M.  1910 . 

Van  Keuren,  Benj.,  b.  1800;  N.B.S.  1824,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Miss,  to  Charleston, 
2d.  Mapletown,  and  Westerlo,  24,  Esopus,  25-6,  Esopus,  Hurley,  and 
Bloomingdale,  26-34,  Esopus  and  Bloomingdale,  34-6,  Warwick,  36-7, 
(Presbvt.  37-56).  R.D.C.  1856,  d.  1865. 
Van  Kleek.  Richard  D.  U.C.  1822,  N.B.S.  25,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Raritan,  26-31. 
Teaching  at  Basking  Ridge  Academy,  31-4.  Canajoharie.  34-5.  Berne, 
1st,  and  Beaverdam.  35-43,  Teaching  at  Eramus  Hall,  Flatbush,  L.I., 
43-60,  at  Grammar  School,  Jersey  City,  60-70,  d.  D.D.  1870. 
Van    Liej-op,   J.B.H..    b.    Amsterdam.    Hoi..    Dec.    2-],    1880;    Moody    Bible 

Institute  18,  W.T.S.  1921,  1.  by  CI.  of  111.,  Yakima,  Wash.,  1921 

Van  Lievv,  John,  b.  near  Neshanic,  N.J.,  Sept.  30,  1798;  Q.C.  1816.  N.B.S. 
20,    lie.    CI.    N.B.;    (Meadville,    Pa.,   20-3,    Mcndham,    N.J..    24-5,   both 
Presbyt.),  Readington,  26-69,  d.  Oct.  18.     D.D.  by  R.C.   1867. 
He  entered  college  at  the  early  age  of  fourteen,  and  was  under  the  care 
chiefly  of   Drs.   Livingston   and   Schureman.     L^pon  completing  this   course, 
he    passed    through    a    peculiarly    trying    circumstance.     Imbued    from    his 
earliest  years  with  a  high  regard   for  Christanity,  and  esteeming  the  min- 
istry  as   a   profession   first   in   importance   and    honor   and   blessing,   he    in- 
stinctively   turned    to    it.     But    he    was    not    yet    consciously    a    subject    of 
divine  grace. 

In  this-  frame  of  mind,  acting  ijrincijially  under  the  advice  of  Prof. 
Schureman,  he  attended  the  course  of  lectures  on  theologv  by  Dr.  Living- 
ston, not  definitely  with  the  purpose  of  entering  the  ministrj',  but  that  he 
might  engage  in  that  particular  line  of  study  which  was  most  congenial  to 
his  tastes,  and  which  alone  seemed  attractive  to  him.     Sitting  at  the  head 


554  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

of  that  profound  instructor,  and  devoting  himself  to  the  study  of  theology 
as  a  science,  his  mind  became  more  and  more  absorbed  in  the  subject  as 
a  matter  of  personal  interest,  until  it  became  almost  the  only  subject  on 
which  his  thoughts  could  rest.  Thus  led  by  the  Spirit,  he  unconditionally 
surrendered  himself  to  the  Lord  Jesus  Christ  in  1817.  His  own  words  in 
reference  to  his  experiences  at  that  time  were :  "I  cannot  utter,  words 
cannot  express  the  joy  of  my  soul,  as  I  felt  the  blessed  assurance  that  I 
was  indeed  a  child  of  God,  and  that  Jesus  was  at  once  my  Brother, 
Saviour,  Friend.  Everything  seemed  to  speak  to  me  of  God ;  the  woods, 
the  fields,  the  fruits  and  flowers — all  spoke  of  his  mercy  and  love." 

Thereafter  his  course  was  plain.  It  was  not  a  mere  duty,  but  his  heart 
bounded  with  joy  that  he  was  permitted  to  prepare  for  the  ministry.  And 
although  he  had  attended  theological  lectures  for  a  year,  he  began  over 
ao-ain  with  the  new  class  of  the  following  year,  and  with  that  completed 
the  course.  Nearly  or  quite  600  united  with  the  church  under  his  ministry 
of  forty-nine  years. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  "Testimonial  to  Rev.  Peter  O.  Studiford."  1866. — 
"Discourse  at  Dedication  of  R.D.C.  at  Readington."  1865.  With  a  his- 
torical appendix. 

Van  Liew.  John  Cannon,  b.  at  Middlebush.  18—;  N.B.S.  1832.  1.  CI.  N.B. 
32;  Catskill,  Leeds,  and  Kiskatom,  32-3,  Leeds,  and  Kiskatom,  33-4, 
Spotswood.  34-42,  Rutgers  Col.  Gr.  School,  41-45.  (Piffard,  45-9, 
Groveland,  Presbyt.  49-50,)  Ephratah  and  Stone  Arabia,  50-6,  Berne 
and  Beaverdam.  56-60,  d.  1861.  See  Manual  of  1879. 
PuBLic.'\Tiox  :  A  Farewell  Ser.  at  Spotswood,  N.J.  1842. 
Van  Liewen,  Wm.     Holland,  Wis.,  1857-9. 

Van  Lummel,  A.J.,  b.  Utrecht,  Neth.,  Nov.  10,  1861 ;  Gymnasium,  Utrecht, 
W.T.S.    1906,    1.    by   CI.    Michigan,    Paterson,    N.J. '  Hoi.    6th    1906-17, 

Boyden,  la.  1917-19,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  7th,  1919 . 

Van   Nest,   Abraham   Rynier,   b.   Feb.    16,    1823,   in   New   York   City;    R.C. 
41,   N.B.S.  47,   lie.   CI.   N.Y. ;    Miss,   at   Greenpoint,   47-8,    (Newburgh, 
Assoc.  Refd.  1848),  New  York  City,  21st  St.,  48-62;   (American  Chapel 
on  Rue  de  Berri,  Paris,  France,  63-4,  American  Chapel  at  Rome.  Italy, 
64-5,    Am.    Union    Church,    Florence,    Italv.    66-75)  ;    Philadelphia,    3d, 
78-83;  w.  c.     Died  June  i,  1892.     D.D.  by  U.Pa.  and  R.C.  i860.     Presi- 
dent  of    Gen.    Synod,    1870. — In    1871,   he   was   made    President   of   the 
Evangelization    Committee    of    the    Free    Church,    Italy,    and,    in    1875, 
organized   the   Church   of   Geneva,    Switzerland,   in   which   Rev.   G.    D. 
Consaul    subsequently   preached. 
The  great  work  of  his  life  was  done  in  Florence,  where  he  was  prominent, 
not  only  on  the  Evangelical  Committee  of   the   Free   Italian  Church    (now 
called  the  Evangelical  Church  of  Italy),  and  as  the  principal  founder  and 
supporter   of   the   Ferretti    Orphan    Asylum,   but   also   as   the    founder   and 
pastor   of   the   American    Union    Church.     In   this   he   used   a    part   of   the 
Liturgy  of  the  Protestant  Episcopial  Church,  and  part  of  the  forms  of  other 
denominations.     He  thus  set  an  example  of  union  in  worship  which  attracted 
the   attention   of   travelers   not   only    from    America,    but   also    from    Great 
Britain    and    the    Continent.     It    was    his    genial    catholicity    of    spirit    that 
enabled  him  to  hold  together  in  one  congregation  for  so  many  years.  Chris- 
tians of  such  various  antecedents.     Many  are  the  families  in  America,  which 
long  cherished  the  memory  of  his  kindness  to  relatives  ill  in  Florence,  whose 
needs,  both  temporal  and  spiritual,   he  was  ever  watchful  to   supply.     Nor 
did   his  kindness   fail   when   Americans   died   in   that   city.     His   familiarity 
with   the    language,   and   his   good   standing   with   the   officals,   enabled   him 
frequently,  and  with  comparative  ease,  to  arrange   for  the  shipping  of  the 
bodies  of  loved  ones  to  their  friends  in  America.     Only  those  who  were  in 
Florence  while  he  was  there,  can  adequately  understand  how  much  time  he 
gave  to  such  works  of  Christian  charity.     See  Manual,  1902. 


THE   MINISTRY  555 

Publication's:  Sermon:  "Signs  of  the  Times."  1854. — "Ministerial 
Responsibility."  1859. — Occasional  articles  for  "Christian  Intelligencer." 
— Foreign  letters  for  "Intelligencer"  and  "N.V.  Observer."  1863-1875. — 
Reports  of  Union  Church,  Florence,  1868,  1870,  1872. — Sermon  on  the 
Holy  Catholic  Church.— "Life  of  Rev.  Geo.  W.  Bethune,  D.D."  1867.— 
Reports  of  Florence  Orphan  Asylum,  1876,  with  .sketch  of  Ferretti. — Edited 
"Cannon's  Pastoral  Theology,"  1853,  and  "Bethune's  Lectures  on  Heidel- 
berg Catechism,"  1864. — Closing  address  at  Centennial  of  New  Brunswick 
Sem.,   1884,  page  279. 

Van  Nest,  Rynier,  b.  near  North  Branch,  N.J.,  Feb.  8,  1739;  studied 
(probably)  under  Hardenbergh;  lie.  by  Gen.  Meeting  of  Ministers 
and  Elders,  1773:  Shawangunk  and  New  Paltz,  2d,  (or  Walkill), 
1774-78;  Shawangunk  and  Montgomery,  1778-85;  (supplied  Middle- 
burgh,  1774-80,  and  Schoharie,  1780-5)  ;  Jamaica,  Newtown,  Oyster 
Bay  and  Success,  1785-97.  Schoharie,  1797-1803,  died  July  9,  1813. 
Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.  1786. 
He  was  a  genial,  faithful  man  whose  success  was  hampered  by  the  war- 
like times  in  which  he  lived.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Van  Neste,  Geo.  J.,  b.  Sept.  7,  1822,  at  Weston,  N.J.;  R.C.  42,  N.B.S.  46, 
1.  CI.  N.B.;  Bound  Brook,  47-53,  Lodi,  53-65,  West  New  Hempstead, 
65-69,  Little  Falls,  N.J.,  69-75,  St.  Johnsville,  N.Y.,  75-79,  Kiskatom, 
79-86,    Flatbush,    (Ulster    Co.),    N.Y.    86-88.    Pottersville,    N.J.    88-92. 
Died  Jan.  18,  1898.     See  Manual,  1902. 
Van   Neste,   John   Alfred,   b.   Weston,   Somerset   Co.,   N.J.,   Dec.   25,    1849; 
R.C.  72,  N.B.S.  75,  lie.  CI.  Passaic;    Ridgewood,  1875-1917,  P.Em.  1917, 
Pres.    P.S.N. B.    1911,    Pres.   Bd.    Supt.    N.B.S.    1918,   Agent   Bd.    F.M. 
and  Bd.  of  Bible  School  Work.     D.D.  R.C.  1918. 
PuBLicATioxs  :     Articles  in  press. 
Van    Nieuwendyk,    D.    K.    Wielenga.    called    by    the    Seceders    in    Holland, 

Mich.,  from  the  Netherlands,  1882.  See  "Ch.  Int.,"  Aug.  9,  1882. 
Van  Nieuwenhuysen,  Wilhelmus ;  ordained  by  CI.  Amsterdam,  March  16, 
1671  ;  c.  to  America,  1671  ;  New  York,  1671-81  ;  d.  Feb.  17. 
'For  a  while  after  the  English  conquest  the  Dutch  Church  seemed  para- 
lyzed. But  few  letters  passed  back  and  forth  to  Holland.  Selyns  had 
Teturned  to  Europe,  and  a  few  years  later.  Blom  and  Samuel  Megapolen- 
sis.  John  Megapolensis  died  in  1670.  Only  Schaats,  Polhemus  and  Dri- 
sius  remained.  A  considerable  exodus  of  the  people  also  took  place.  The 
Dutch  were  independent  of  all  English  ecclesiastical  law's.  Governors 
Nicholls  and  Lovelace  acknowledged  the  Dutch  Church  as  the  established 
-church,  and  taxed  the  inhabitants  for  the  support  of  the  Dutch  clergy.  But 
in  seven  years  three  of  the  clergy  had  returned  to  Holland,  one  had  died, 
and  none  had  come  to  America  to  take  their  places.  In  1670,  therefore. 
Governor  Lovelace  formally  promised  civil  support  to  any  Dutch  clergy- 
man who  would  come  over  to  assist  Drisus,  who  was  becoming  feeble. 
This  proposition  induced  V^an  Nieuwenhuysen  to  come  to  America.  This 
was  also  partly  brougiit  about  through  the  influence  of  Selyns  in  Holland, 
who  was  a  relative. 

His  ministry  was  peaceful  for  three  or  four  years,  until  the  reconquest 
of  New  York  by  the  Dutch  in  1674.  This  event,  or  perhaps  the  different 
disposition  of  Governor  Andros,  with  other  circumstances,  now  produced 
a  change,  and  that  struggle  begun  between  the  English  governors  and  the 
anti-Episcopal  churches,  which  continued  with  more  or  less  severity  until 
the  independence  of  the  country,  a  century  later.  Van  Nieuwenhuysen 
successfully  resisted  the  attempt  to  foist  an  Episcopalian  on  the  Dutch 
church  of  Albany.  1675.  until  the  latter  promised  to  come  under  the  Classis 
of  Amsterdam.  (\"an  Rensselaer).  Four  years  later,  at  the  direction  or 
permission  of  Governor  Andros.  Van  Nieuwenhuysen  convened  the  four 
Dutch  ministers  then  in  the  country,  (viz.,  Schaats.  Van  Gaasbeek,  Van 
Zuuren  and  himself),  with  their  elders,  and  they  organized  a  Classis,  and 


556  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH   IN    AMERICA 

ordained  Tesschcnmaekcr  to  the  ministry.  (Tesschenmaeker.)  This  was 
the  first  formal  ecclesiastical  body  among  the  Dutch  in  America,  and  the 
last  for  about  seventy  years.  (Coetus.)  Their  act  of  ordination  was  rati- 
fied by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  There  was  a  constant  and-  steady  growth, 
in  the  membership  during  his  ministry  in  New  York.  He  also  supplied 
the  churches  on  Long  Island  during  their  vacancy.  His  correspondence 
with  the  Classis  impresses  one  that  he  was  a  faithful  and  judicious  minis- 
ter and  pastor.  He  was  a  Cocceian  in  exegesis. — "Ecc.  Rec,  N.Y.,"  several 
letters.  "Doc.  Hist.,"  iii.  526,  583.  "Munsell's  Annals  of  Albany."  "Col. 
Hist.,"  iii.  136;  ix.  468.  "Brodhead's  N.Y.,"  ii.  "Murphy's  Anthology," 
170.  See  Manual,  1902. 
Van   Nist,   Jacobus,   b.    1735;    lie.   by   the   American   Classis,    1758;    Pough- 

keepsie  and  Fishkill,  1758-61,  d. 
Van  Olinda,  Douw.  b.  at  Charleston,  N.Y.,  i8co;  N.B.S.  1824,  1.  CI.  N.B.; 
Miss,   to   Johnstown,   Mayfield,   and   Union,   25,    Palatine,   25-7,   Maple- 
town,    Spraker's    Basin,    and    Canajoharie,    27-31,    New    Paltz,    32-44, 
Caughnawaga,  44-58,  d. 
He  was   of   large   stature  and   commanding  appearance,   an   edifying  and 
instructive  preacher,  addressing  rather  the  understanding  than  the  feelings. 
His    distinguishing    trait    was    great    executive    ability. — "Stiff's    Hist.    Ch. 
New  Paltz."     See  "Christian  Intelligencer."  Oct.  7,  1858. 
Van    Oostenbrugge,    Cornelis,   b.    Gelderland,   Neths.,    Aug.   2,    1853 ;     H.C. 
76,    N.B.S.   80,   1.   CI.   Holland;    ord.   by   Presbyt.   Winnebago,    (Wis.) 
Sept.   80;    (S.S.    Wevauwega,    Wis.   80-1,    Stevens    Point,    Wis.    81-4), 
Raritan,    111.    84-7.     (Q     St.    Troy,    Mo.    87-9,    Lyons,     Neb.    89-92), 
Naponoch   and   Kerhonksen,    N.Y.   92-1900,    Schodack,    1900-06,    Lishas 
Kill,    1906-10.     Schenectady,    N.Y.    Woodlawn    1910-12,    Esopus,    N.Y. 
1914-19. 
Publications:     Translations    of    the    Records    of    the    Church    of    Na- 
panoch. 

Van    Orden,   John    S.,   b.    Spring   Valley,    N.Y.,    Dec.    6,    1867;    R.C.    1890, 
N.B.S.    93,    lie.    CI.    Paramus ;    Blawenberg,     1893-1904.     In    business. 

S.S.  Clarkstown  1916 . 

Van    Pelt,    Daniel,    b.    Oct.    10,    1853,   at    Schiedam,    Neths.;    C.C.N.Y.    74^ 
N.B.S.   -77,    1.   CI.    N.Y.;    Spring   Vallev,    N.Y.,   77-78,    Holland,    Mich. 
(Hope  Ch.)   79-82,  East  New  York.  82-87,  Astoria,  94-98.     Died  Oct. 
2Z.  1900.     D.D  by  R.C.  1896. 
He   was   an   excellent   preacher   but    felt   the   call    for   historical   work  to 
which  he  devoted  a  large  part  of  his  life.     As  a  student  and  writer,  he  held 
a    very    important    place    in    the    domain    of    historical    research.     He    was 
fitted  for  the  work.     He  had  the  judicial  poise  and  calm  of  a  historian.     He 
came   to  be   recognized   everywhere   as   an   authority   in   matters   pertaining 
to  Holland  and  those  parts  of  his  own  country  where  he  resided. 
See  Manual. 

Publications:     Picture  of  Early  Church  Life  in  N.Y.C.  1894;  History 
of  Greater  N.Y.,  2  vol.,   1898;   Chapters  in  Wilson's  Memorial   History  of 
N.Y.,   1892;    Translation  of   Dutch   Documents   for  the   Church  and   State. 
Many  pamphlets  and  articles  on  historical  subjects.     See  Manual,  1902. 
Van  Pelt,  Peter  I.,  b.  at  Bushwick,  L.I..  May  27,  1778;    C.C.  1799.  studied 
under  Livingston,   1.   CI.   N.Y.   1801  ;    Staten   Island,   1802-35.   Fordham, 
36-47,   d.   Jan.  20,    1861.     Also  chaplain   in   the  war,    1812-14.     D.D   by 
R.C,  1834- 
He  was   a   man  of   ardent   patriotism,   distinguished   by   his   zeal   in   pro- 
moting the  approved  interests  of   society.     He  was  a  gentleman   of  digni- 
fied  demeanor   and    imposing   presence.     He   was    invited,    in    1851,    by   the 
citizens    of    Tompkinsville.    S.    I.,    to   deliver   an    address,    which   was    pub- 
lished and  widely  circulated,  on  account  of  the  views  it  contained  respect- 
ing slavery.     He  believed  in  its  divine  right.     See  "Mag.   R.D.C,"  iv.   37. 
"Dr.  Jas.  Brownlee's  Hist.  Sermons  on  Staten  Island,"  1865-75. 


THE   MINISTRY  557 

Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  An  Oration  is  consequence  of  the  death  of  General 
George  Washington,  late  President  of  the  United  States,  delivered  hy 
request  in  tlie  Reformed  Dutch  Church  of  Flatbush,  on  Saturday,  the  226. 
of  February,  ib'oo,  i)y  Peter  Van  Pelt,  A.B.,  student  of  divinity.  Here 
follows  a  quotation  from  Horace,  and  then :  "Brooklyn :  Printed  by 
Thomas  Kirk — 1800."  The  oration  is  a  memorial  addressed  to  "Ameri- 
cans, Friends  and  Fellow-Citizens,"  and  delivered  in  compliance  with  a 
late  resolve  of  Congress,  and  the  Proclamation  of  the  President  of  the 
United  States,  and  more  immediately  under  the  auspicies  of  a  committee 
of  arrangements  for  Kings  County,  at  wliose  instance  a  copy  was  sought 
for  publication.  The  oration  covers  twenty-four  printed  pages,  with  the 
piquant,  pointed  sentiments  peculiar  to  its  author  in  after  years,  and  closes  : 
"Teach  your  children,  and  your  children's  children  the  unrivalled  charac- 
ter of  Washington,  great  in  war.  great  in  peace.  And  they,  like  us,  will 
drop  the  tear  of  affection  on  the  Urn  of  our  departed  Hero." 

Disc,  at  the  Fun.  of  Rev.  Peter  Lowe.  1818. — Oration  on  Life,  Character, 
and  Services  of  the  late  Hon.  Dan.  D.  Tompkins.  1843. — Discourse  at 
the  Request  of  the  Survivors  of  the  Veteran  Corps  of  the  War  of  1812, 
July  4.  1 85 1. 

Van  Pernis,  Gerard  M..  b.  Rotterdam,  Neth.,  Sept.  23,  1889;  Academy, 
Private  Theo.  Course,  1.  by  Pres.  of  Spokane  191 5,  (Missionary  to 
Indians  of   New  Mexico,   Nevada,  Idaho  and  Washington.     Waterville 

Pres.  Church).     Fremont,  Mich.,  1921 

PuBLic.vTioxs :  Articles  for  press. — Emancipation  of  the  Red  Man, 
Smithonian  Inst. 

Van  Peursen,  Garrett  Dick.  b.  Maurice,  la.,  March  7,  1880;  Grinnell  Col., 
one   year.    H.C.    1907,    P.S.    1910,    1.   by    Ci.    la.,    1910.      Missionary   to 

Arabia,  1910 

Publications:    Articles  for  the  Moslem  World  and  Church  papers. 
Van  Peursen,  John,  b.  Aug.  30,  1876;    H.C.  1902.  P.S.  and  W.T.S.  1905,  1. 
by    CI.    la.    Coopersville,    1905-08,    Chicago,    Trinity    1908-12,    Holland, 

Mich.,  Trinity,   1912-18.   Kalamazoo.   Mich.,  2d,   1918 

PuBLic.\TioNs  :     Articles  for  De  Hope,  Leader. 
<Van  Powpl,  L.). 

Van  Raalte,  Albertus  Christianus   (son  of  Rev.  Van  Raalte),  b.  at 

Wanneperveen.    Overyssel,    Neths.,    Oct.    17,    181 1;     matriculated    at 
Leyden   University,   June    16.    1829.   signing   himself   as   from   "Wanne- 
pervena-Drenthinus,    18,    T."     (18    years    old,    student    of    Theology); 
graduated.  1831  ;  Leyden  Theology.  Sem.  1834.  examined  in  the  Provin- 
cial Synod  of  The  Hague,  Alay,   1835,  ordained  for  general   service  in 
Amsterdam,    in   the    General    Synod   of    The    Separated,    or    Free    Re- 
formed   Church    of    the    Netherlands,    March    4,    1836;    Aliss.    first    in 
Geneminden,  then  in  Ommer,    (Overyssel),   36-44,  Arnheim,    (Guelder- 
land).  44-6.     Arrived  in  America.  Nov.,   1846;    Holland.  Mich..  51-67; 
Miss,   of   the   Classes   of    Holland   and   Wisconsin    for   the    Emigration 
Field,   Amelia   C.H.,   Va..   69-70;    Pres.  of   Council   of   Hope   College, 
70-4;  d.  Nov.  7.  1876.     D.D.  by  R.C.     1858. 
During  his  theological  course  the  difficulties  between  the  Separatists  and 
the   State  were  culminating.     Alienated  by  the  existing  corruption   in  doc- 
trine and  practice,  many  of  the  humbler  class  withdrew   from  the  regular 
Church  and  began  their  own  ecclesiastical  arrangements.     Whereupon  there 
was  revived  an  oi)so!ete  law  of  the  Code  Napoleon,   ic,  which  forbade  the 
assemi)Iing   together   of    more    than   a   certain    limited   number   of    persons, 
except  by  permission  of  the  government ;  and  thus  it  was  sought  to  crush 
out  the  secession.     But,  undeterred  by  the  fear  of  legal  penalties,  they  con- 
tinued to  meet  for  social  worship,  often  in  secret,  and  were  pursued  from 
place  to  place  by  the  officers  of  the  law. 


558  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Under  these  circumstances,  young  Van  Raalte  identified  himself  with 
the  persecuted  people  of  God,  and  was  ordained  by  their  few  ministers  in. 
1836.  Although  the  seceders  were  destitute  of  influence,  through  educa- 
tion, social  position,  wealth  or  numbers,  yet  he  cast  in  his  lot  with  them. 
Possessed  of  high  intellectvial  gifts  and  rare  eloquence,  he  turned  from 
the  career  which  might  have  opened  before  him  in  the  reigning  Church, 
and  was  often  subject  to  civil  process,  even  to  fines  and  imprisonment. 

At  length,  when  relief  was  sought  by  the  people  from  the  oppression 
which  attended  their  assertion  of  the  rights  of  conscience,  their  'minds 
were  naturally  turned  to  these  shores  as  an  asylum,  and  in  America  many 
of  them  eventually  fovmd  their  haven  of  hope.  While  scattered  families 
located  in  different  cities.  East  and  West,  and  while  an  important  colony 
settled  in  Iowa,  and  to  their  new  city  of  refuge  gave  the  appropriate  name 
of  Pella,  Dr.  Van  Raalte  selected  Ottawa  Co.,  Alichigan,  because  a  suit- 
able tract  of  land  could  there  be  found.  But  what  little  money  the  Hol- 
landers had.  Providence  took  away  from  them.  They  were  obliged  to 
encounter  pioneer  trials  and  distresses  in  no  ordinar\'  degree.  But  Dr. 
Van  Raalte  set  an  example  of  unflinching  fortitude.  Besides  pastoral  la- 
bors, he  went  from  place  to  place  at  the  East  and  solicited  funds  for  the 
Holland  Academy. 

See'  an  account  of  his  presecutions  and  sufferings  in  "Hist,  of  Christian 
Reformed  Church  of  the  Netherlands."  Translations  into  English  of  his 
successful  examinations,  but  of  the  Refusal  of  the  State  Church  to  ordain 
him,  may  be  seen  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Sept.  30,  1880.  "Hist.  Compendium  of 
Ottawa  Co.,  Mich.,"  p.  98. — "Moerdyk's  Hist.  Grand  Rapids,"  p.  i4.^"Lev- 
ensschet's  van  Rev.  A.  C.  Van  Raalte.  D.D.  door  Rev.  H.  E.  Dosker,"  pp, 
335 ;   or  "Sketch  of  the  Life  of  Van  Raalte,"  etc. 

Van  Raalte,  Albertus  Christian,  b.   Holland,  March  29,   1889;   Olivet  Col. 
191 1,   N.B.S.    1914  1.  by  CI.  N.B.     Linden,   N.J.    1914-17,   Whitehouse, 

(Rockaway),  1917-19,  Bayonne,  N.J.  ist,  1919 . 

Van   Rensselaer,   Nicholas,  b.   in   Neths.   1647;   lie.  by    ;   reed,   in   CI. 

Amst.  Oct.  2,  1662;  ord.  as  a  deacon  of  Ch.  of  England,  1665;  Dutch 
ch.  at  Westminister,  1665-..;  matriculated  at  Leyden  University; 
("Nov.  19,  1670,  Nicolaus  van  Rentzelaer,  Amstelodamensis,  V.D.M. 
22,")  ;  accepted  by  CI.  Amst,  as  an  "Expectant  for  Foreign  chs."  Ap. 
4,  1672;    c.  to  America,  1674,  Albany,  1675-7,  deposed.     Died  1678,  Nov. 

By  what  Classis  he  was  originally  licensed  to  preach  does  not  appear. 
The  first  reference  to  him  in  the  "Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam," 
is  dated  Oct.  2,  1662. 

He  was  a  younger  son  of  the  first  patroon  of  Rensselaerwyck.  He  is 
found  in  the  train  of  Charles  II..  at  Brussels,  and  luckily  prophesied  to 
him  that  he  would  be  restored  to  the  throne.  When  the  event  occurred, 
he  accompanied  the  Dutch  ambassador.  Van  Gogh,  to  London,  as  Chap- 
lain to  the  embassy ;  and  the  King  recollecting  his  prediction,  gave  Van 
Rens.selaer  a  gold  snuff-box,  with  his  likeness  in  the  lid,  which  is  still 
preserved  by  the  family  at  Albany.  After  Van  Gogh  left  London,  because 
of  the  Dutch  war  in  1665,  Van  Rensselaer  received  Charles'  license  to 
preach  to  the  Dutch  congregation,  at  Westminister,  was  ordained  a  deacon 
in  the  English  Church  by  the  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  and  was  appointed 
lecturer  at  St.  Margaret's,  Lothbury. 

But  in  1670  we  find  him  matriculating  as  a  V.D.M.  (Verbi  Dei  Alinister), 
minister  of  God's  Word,  at  Leyden  University.  He  gives  his  residence 
as  Amsterdam,  and  his  age  as  twenty-three.  Two  years  later,  April  4,  1672 
he  was  received  by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  as  an  "expectant"  for  foreign 
churches. 

In  1673  the  Dutch  regained  possession  of  New  Netherland,  and  held  it 
for  a  single  year.  It  was  then  surrendered  a  second  time,  Andros  becom- 
ing Governor.  With  him  came  over  this  Rev.  Nicholas  Van  Rensselaer. 
He  had  sought  and  obtained  a  grant  of  the  colony  of  Rennselaerwyck,  but. 


THE    MINISTRY  559 

before  the  courts,  he  failed  to  retain  it.  He  was  now  recommended  by 
the  Duke  of  York,  (July,  1674),  for  a  living  in  one  of  the  Dutch  churches 
in  the  colony.  Andros  arbitrarily  resolved  to  induct  him  in  the  church  of 
Albany  as  a  colleague  of  old  Domine  Schaats.  But  the  Consistory  at 
Albany  resisted,  and  the  New  York  church  sent  their  pastor  thither,  and 
for  a  time  he  seems  to  have  acted  almost  as  a  colleague  of  Schaats.  Dr. 
Rogers,  in  his  sermon  on  the  church  of  Albany,  refers  to  Van  Nieuwen- 
huysen.  as  Nieuwenhyt,  and  as  one  of  the  regular  pastors  at  Albany,  not 
thoroughly  understanding  the  history.  When  Van  Rensselaer  subsequently 
visited  New  York,  he  was  warned  not  to  baptize  any  children  who  might 
be  brought  to  the  church  in  the  afternoon  for  that  purpose.  Van  Rensselaer 
complained  of  this  to  the  Governor. 

This  led  to  a  discussion  between  the  Governor  and  Van  Nieuwenhuysen 
in  regard  to  the  validity  of  Anglican  orders  for  the  service  in  the  Dutch 
Church.  The  question  was  finally  settled  by  compromise.  Van  Nieuwen- 
huysen finally  admitted  that  the  Orders  of  the  Church  of  England  were 
sufficient  provided  the  minister  so  ordained  promised  to  conduct  himself 
according  to  the  Constitution  of  the  Reformed  Church  of  Holland.  On 
Oct.  2,  1675  Van  Rensselaer  promised  so  to  do  and  was  admitted  to  service 
in  the  Dutch  Church.  Subsequently  Van  Nieuwenhuysen  wrote  an  account 
of  these  events  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam. 

We  pass  by  further  troubles  which  occurred  between  Van  Rensselaer 
and  the  church  of  Albany.  Van  Rensselaer  continued  to  officiate  for  about 
a  year,  when  he  was  imprisoned  for  some  dubious  words  which  he  uttered 
in  the  pulpit.  The  Governor  ordered  him  to  be  released,  and  summoned 
the  magistrates  to,  attend  him  at  New  York.  The  case  was  sent  back  to 
the  magistrates  of  Albany.  False  doctrine  was  proved,  but  a  reconciliation 
was  enjoined.  While  the  prosecutors  were  fined.  In  1677,  however,  the 
Governor  himself  was  compelled  to  depose  Van  Rensselaer,  because  of  his 
scandalous  life.  His  wife  was  Alida  Schuyler,  who  afterward  (1679) 
married  Robert  Livingston. — "Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y.  Col.  Hist.,"  iii  225.  "Doc. 
Hist.,"  iii.  434,  526,  530.  ''Smith's  N.Y.,"  2,3,  34.  "Brodhead's,  N.Y.," 
vol.  ii.     For  documents  in  full  see  Manual,  1902. 

Note. — Brodhead.  "Hist,  of  N.Y.,"  vol.  ii.  272,  288,  says  that  Van  Rens- 
selaer had  been  ordained  in  both  England  and  Holland,  but  this  is  plainly 
a  mistake.  No  record  of  his  ordination  in  Holland  appears  on  their 
records.  He  sought  ordination  in  Holland,  April  4,  1672,  but  he  did  not 
receive  it. 
Van    Riper.   Garrabrant,  b.    1807;    C.N.J.    1827,   student   in   N.B.S.,   d.    1828, 

Jan.  II.— "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  ii.  352,  374-5. 
Van   Santvoord,   Cornelius,   b.    1686,   matriculated   at   Leyden    University  on 
Feb.  25,   1707,  giving  as  his  residence,   Leidensis.  and  age  as  21.     The 
subject    of    study    is   not    given.     He    studied    under    the    famous    John 
Marck. — Staten    Island,    1718-42,   also    Belleville,    1730-2,    Schenectady, 
1742-52,  d. 
The  first  reference  to  him  in  the  "Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam" 
is  in  Nov.  22,  1717. 

Upon  his  arrival  he  preached  in  both  the  French  and  Dutch  languages 
to  the  people  of  Staten  Island.  He  was  an  intimate  friend  of  Domine 
Frelinghuysen  of  Raritan,  sympathizing  with  him  in  all  his  trials,  while 
his  learning,  acutencss,  and  manly  independence  qualified  him  to  be  his 
advocate.  In  this  character,  he  ajipeared  in  a  small  volume  entitled,  "A 
Dialogue  concerning  the  "Complaint"  of  the  People  of  the  Raritan  Valley; 
treating  of  the  Matters  which  have  in  that  Volume,  both  in  general  and  in 
particular,  been  laid  to  the  Charge  of  Cornelius  Van  Santvoord,  Minister 
on  Staten  Island.  Together  with  a  Supplement  in  behalf  of  the  Restoration 
of  Peace."     New  York:     Printed  by  J.  P.  Zenger,  1726. 

The  Dialogue  is  between  "Considerans".  and  "Candidus,"  the  former 
representing  the   Frelinghuysen   side,  and  the   latter  the   Complainants.     It 


56o 


THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 


is  ingenious  and  suggestive,  and  without  naming  any  of  the  ministers  in 
the  controversy,  it  really  admits  one  into  an  mside  view  of  the  whole 
controversy.  One  familiar  with  the  general  history  of  the  dispute  can, 
without  much  difficulty,  identify  the  different  ministers  involved.  One 
cannot  help  but  feel  that  the  writer  is  fair  to  all  parties,  notwithstanding 
the  controversy  was  between  the  more  evangelical  style  of  preaching  and 
that  which  was  not  quite  so  enthusiastic.  He  refers  to  another  book,  "A 
Dialogue  on  Orthodoxy,"  which  appeared  while  Van  Santvoord  was  writ- 
ing his.  Dialogue.  That  covers  the  same  ground,  and  was  written  with 
similar  intent.  No  copy  of  this  other  dialogue  is  now  known  to  exist. 
It  may  have  come  from  Presbyterian  sources,  as  the  Tennents  and  others 
were  largely  involved  in  this  whole  business.  Van  Santvoord  avers  that 
he  is  anxious  only  for  peace.  The  book  is  reviewed  by  the  Classis  of 
Amsterdam  in  a  letter  of  Dec.  i,  1726,  in  a  severer  way  than  it  deserves. 

Mr.  Van  Santvoord  also  translated  Professor  Marck's  commentary  on 
the  Apocalypse,  adding  much  to  it  by  his  own  reflections.  He  sent  it  to 
Holland  for  approval,  and  it  was  not  only  approved,  but  adorned  with  a.' 
copious  preface,  by  Professor  Wesselius.  The  high  respect  entertained 
and  shovyn  by  Mr.  Van  Santvoord  for  Professor  Marck  was  but  the  coun- 
terpart of  the  professor's  esteem  for  him.  He  declared  that  Mr.  Van  Sant- 
voord was  one  of  his  most  distinguished  and  apt  pupils,  and  he  was  honored 
by  the  professor's  friendship  to  the  end  of  life. — "Ecc.  Rec,  N.Y.";  "Brown- 
lee's  Hist.  Dis.  on  Staten  Island."  See  "Taylor's  Annals  of  Classis  of  Ber- 
gen," "Sprague's  Annals  of  Am.  Pulpit,"  Vol.  ix.     "McCintock's  Cyc." 

The  title   in   Dutqji  of  the  above  alluded  to   Dialogue   is :     Samenspraak 

over   de   Klaghte  der   Raritanders.     i2mo.    M;    Morocco.     Te   Nieuw   York. 

Gedrukt  by  J.   Peter  Zenger,   1726.     A  copy  of  this  rare  work  was  owned 

by  Hon.  Wm.  Nelson,  of   Paterson,  until  the  disastrous  fire  of   1902). 

Van    Santvoord,   Cor.    S.    (s.   of    Staats   Van    Santvoord),   b.   at   Belleville, 

N.J.,  Ap.  8.  1816;    U.C.  35.  N.B.S.  and  P.S.  38,  1.  by  Presbyt.  N.Y.,  38; 

ord.  CI.  Cayuga,  Sept.  26,  38;    Canastota,  38-9,  supplied  Coeymans  and 

New   Baltimore,   six   months.   39-40,    Saugerties,   40-55,   Union   Village, 

55-8,    Coxsackie.    2d,    59,     Schenectady,    2d,    59-61,    Chaplain    N.Y'.S. 

Militia,   61-5,   Assoc.   Ed.   of   "The    Interior,"   69-71,    Commissioner   of 

Schools,    Ulster    Co.,    N.Y.,    71-6,    supplied   churches    of    Bloomingdale, 

St.  Remy,  Linlithgo,  71-6,  w.  c.    D.D.  by  R.C.,  1855.     Died  Nov.  2,  1901. 

In  his  decease,  a  blameless,  well-rounded  and  beautiful   life,   thoroughly 

human,   yet   abundantly   flavored  with   the    Spirit   of    Christ,    completed   its 

earthly  cycle. 

His    rare    intellectual    qualities,    disciplined    by    careful    and    unrelaxing 
culture,   the   comprehensive   acquisitions   of    his    learning,   and   the   constant 
zest  which  fanned  them  to  a  glow,  invested  him,  to  such  as  were  admitted 
to  the  quiet  seclusion  of  his  friendship,  with  a  stimulating  charm. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications  :    For  a  list  of  his  numerous  publications  see  Manual,  1902. 
Van   Santvoord,   Staats,  b.  Albany,   N.Y.,   March   15,   1790    (great-grandson 
of  Cor.  Van  Santvoord);    U.C.   1811.  N.B.S.   14,  CI.  N.B.;    Belleville, 
14-28,    Agent    to    collect    funds    for    Theolog.    Sem.,    28-9;     Schodack, 
29-34,  also  at  Coeymans,  29-30;    New   Baltimore,  34-9;     Onisquethaw, 
39-64,  supplying  also  Berne,  2d.  41-2,  and  New  Salem,  43-4,  and  pastor 
at  Jerusalem,  45-57;    in  service  of  the  Christian  Commission,  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  1864,  w.  c.     Died  May  29,-1882.     D.D.  by  U.C,  1876. 
Publications:     Installation    Sermon    at    Onisquethaw.      1841. — "On    the 
Sacrifice  of  Isaac."     1842. — Disc,  at  Dedication  of  R.D.C.   Salem.     1845. — 
"A  Spiritual  Gift,"  in  a  Series  of  fifteen  Discourses  on  the  "Essential  Doc- 
trines and  Duties  of  the  Christian  Religion."     N.Y.,  1851. 
Van  Schie,  Cornelius,  b.  1703;    matriculated  at  Leyden  University,  Aug.  i, 
1721,  as  a  student  of   Philosophy,  being  18  years  old:    residence,  Del- 
fensis;    again  he  matriculated  on  Ap.  7.  1730,  as  a  student  of  Theology, 


THE    MIXISTRV  561 

being  26  years  old.  Delft  is  again  given  as  his  residence.  Ord.  by 
CI.  Amsterdam,  June  4,  1731.  Poughkeepsie  and  Fishkill,  1731-3; 
Albany,  1733-44;  d.  Aug.  15.  He  also  supplied  Rhinebeck  (Dutch 
ch.)  occasionally,  1731-3.  Supplied  Claverack,  1732-43. 
The  first  reference  to  him  in  the  "Alinutes  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam" 
is  dated  April  2,  1731. 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Van  Sinderin,  Ulpianus,  b.  in  Neths.,  Dec.  12,  1708;    Brooklyn,  Flatlands, 
Bushwick,  New  Utrecht,  Flatbush,   1746-84.  resigned;    also  Gravesend, 
1747-65,   emeritus,    1784.      Died   July   2;^,    1796. 
The  first  reference  to  him  is  dated  Oct.  4,  1745. 

His  call  to  the  five  churches  on  Long  Island  and  his  examination  therefor 
is  dated  Jan.  11,  1746. 

He  was  called  in  the  place  of   Antonides.     He  almost  at  once   incurred 
the   displeasure   of    Arondeus,   because   he   officiated   at   a   marriage   shortly 
after    his    arrival.     Arondeus    therefore    refused    to    introduce    him    to    the 
people.     He  brought  over  with  him  the  letter  from  the  Classis  authorizing 
the  formation  of  a  Coetus.     He  also  showed  a  not  altogether  proper  spirit 
in   refusing   to  be   reconciled   to   Arondeus   privately,   when   the    Consistory 
wished  it.     He  insisted  on  a  public  reconciliation.     The  Consistories  then 
retracted  his  call,  and  when  he  insisted  on  preaching,  left  their  seats.     In 
1750  he  was  declared   to  be  the  only  lawful   minister  in   Kings   County. — 
"Ecc.  Rec,  N.Y.";    "Mints,  of  Coetus."     See  Manual,  1902. 
Van  Slyke,  Evert,  b.  1836.  Stuyvesant,  N.Y.;    R.C.  1862,  N.B.S.  65,  1.  CI. 
N.Y. ;    White  House,  65-7.  West  Farms,  67-71,  Albany,  3d,  71-2,  (Stam- 
ford, Ct.,  72-6),  Syracuse,  76-85.  Catskill,  85-96,  S.S.,  Brooklyn,  North, 
96-1901.     Spent   some  time   in   traveling  and  preaching   in   Europe,     d. , 
March  10,  1909.     D.D.,  R.C,  1883.     Pres.  Gen.  Syn.,  1889. 
He  was  a  man  of  broad  culture  and  literary  ability.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn., 
1909.  538. 

Publications:  Paper*  before  Alliance  of  Refd.  Chs.,  Toronto. — Many 
contributions  to  the  press. 

Van    Slyke,    John    Garnsey,    b.    at    Coeymans,    N.Y.,    Feb.    26,    1845;     R.C. 

1866,    N.B.S.    69.    1.    CI.    Albany;     Readington,    69-70,    Jamaica,    70-76, 

Kingston,   ist,   1876-1909.     Pastor  Emeritus,   1909-10,  d.   Dec.   15. 

All  three  of  Dr.  Van  Slyke's  charges  were  ancient  and  in  all  three  he  did 

a  notable  work.     In  his  long  Kingston  pastorate  he  not  only  maintained  a 

high  position  in  the  church  but  became  one  of  the  most  influential  citizens 

in  the  town.    Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1911,  266. 

Publications:  Sermons,  Reviews,  Articles,  and  numerous  contributions 
to  the  Religious  Press.  "Hist,  of  Ref.  Ch.  Jamaica,  L.I."  1876. — "Prophetic 
Element  in  Preaching"  :  Address  before  Alumni  of  N.B.S.,  1894. — "Recol- 
lections of  Dr.  W.  H.  Campbell" ;  in  "Memorial,"  p.  53. — Letters  from 
Abroad,  and  other  articles,  in  the  "Ch.  Int.,"  etc. 

Van  Stricn,  David,  b.  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  Dec.  11,  1886.  H.C.  1909,  P.S. 
and  N.B.S.  1912,  1.  by  CI.  Mich.  Missionary  in  Japan,  1912-20,  White- 
house,  N.J.   (Rockaway).  1920-22.  Woodcliff-on-the-Hudson,  1922 

Van  Strien,  John  James,  b.  Grand  Rapids.  Mich..  May  18.  1888.  H.C.  1914, 
N.B.S.  and  McCormack  Sem.  and  W.T.S.   1917.  1.  by  CI.  Mich.     New 

Prospect.   N.Y.,   1917-1922,   Neshanic,    1922 

Van  Thuysen,  A.  B.     1848. 

Van  Tubbergen.  G..  reed,  into  CI.  of  Mich.,  Oct.  29,  1858,  as  a  candidate. 

Had  previously  belonged  to  the  Classis,  but  had  seceded. 
Van  Varick.    See  Varick. 

Van  Vechten,  Jacob,  b.  at  Catskill.  1788;    U.C.  1809.  Assoc.  Ref.  Sem.  13, 
and  N.B.S.   14.  1.  CI.  N.B. ;    Schenectadv.   15-49:    died  Sept.  15.   1871. 
D.D.     Elected  a  tru.stee  of  U.C.  1837. 
He  came  of  a  legal  family  and  early  in  life  intended  to  devote  himself  to 
the  law  but  God  called  him  to  the  ministrv. 


562 


THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 


Dr.  Van  Vechten  was  a  man  of  great  usefulness  in  the  Church,  and 
stood  high  in  the  esteem  of  all  who  knew  him.  At  the  time  of  his  death 
he  was  the  oldest  minister  of  our  denomination,  and  widely  known  and 
honored.  For  more  than  fifty  years  he  had  been  before  the  public,  occu- 
pying very  prominent  positions,  and  he  was  regarded  by  all  classes  in  the 
community  as  a  man  of  high  attainments  and  of  great  purity  of  minis- 
terial character.  He  was  a  man  of  great  amiability,  very  gentle  in  his 
intercourse  with  the  people,  in  simplicity  and  frankness  most  remarkable, 
and  utterly  imselfish  in  his  whole  manner  of  life.  In  his  own  home  he  was 
kind  and  affectionate  and  a  lover  of  hospitality,  and  in  the  homes  of  his 
people  he  was  full  of  sympathy  and  encouragement.  He  was  a  model 
pastor,  and  among  the  afflicted  no  one  could  have  been  his  superior.  He 
was  a  man  of  deep  piety  and  of  very  great  devotion.  No  one  could  be  in 
his  company  unless  he  was  made  to  feel  that  his  religion  was  a  matter 
of  the  heart  and  life.  His  soul  was  filled  with  the  love  of  Christ,  and  he 
would  leave  the  impression  that  he  was  a  spiritually-minded  man  and  was 
devoted  to  his  Master's  work. 

In   1825,  the  mistake  of   a   surgeon   in   performing  an  operation   crippled 

him  for  life,  but  he  did  not  allow  that  misfortune  to  decrease  his  usefulness. 

During  his  whole  ministerial  life  he  actively  participated  in  the  benevolent 

movements  of  the  day  and  after  his  retirement  from  the  pastorate  he  devoted 

himself  to  assisting  his  brethren  and  the  aid  of  feeble  churches. 

See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  "Letter  on  Character  of  Dr.  Peter  Labagh."  In  "Todd's 
Mem.  of  Labagh." — Ad*dress  at  Installation  of  Rev.  Samuel  P.  Leeds  as 
pastor  of  the  church  at  Dartmouth  Col.,  N.H.  In  "Ch.  Int."  '  July  10  and 
25,  1861. — Sermon  at  Installation  of  Dr.  E.  P.  Rogers,  Albany.  In  "Ch. 
Int.,"  Dec.  4,  1856. — "An  Effective  Ministry."  A  Scr.  before  Classis  of 
Albany.  1868. — "Memoirs  of  John  M.  Mason,  D.D.,  S.T.P.,"  with  portions 
of  his  Correspondence.  8vo,  pp.  559.  1856.  See  "Princeton  Rev.,"  1855, 
309.     "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  ii.  65,  355. 

Van  Vechten,  Samuel,  b.  1796,  at  Catskill,  N.Y. ;    U.C.  1818,  N.B.S.  22,  1. 
CI.  N.B. ;    Miss,  to  Princetown  and  Guilderland,  22-3,  to  Ovid,  Johns- 
town,  Westerlo   and   Mapletown,   Mayfield,   Eonda's   Bush,   and   Union, 
23-4,    Bloomingburgh    and    Rome,    or    Mamakating,    24-9,    Blooming- 
burgh,  29-41,  Eort  Plain,  41-4,  w.  c. —    Died  Nov.  2,  1882.     D.D. 
Van  Vleck,   John,   b.   at    Shawangunk,    1828;     R.C.    52,    N.B.S.    55,    1.    CI. 
Orange;    Prin.   Holland   Academy,   Mich.,   55-9,   Prin.   Kingston   Acad- 
emy, 59-62,  Middleport  and  Wawarsing,  62-4,  d.  1865,  Mar.  15. 
Born   and    nurtured    in    the    valley    of    Wallkill,    under   devoted    pastoral 
and  parental  care,  trained  to  patient  endurance,  his  mind  at  the  same  time 
found   food,   and   developed   vigorously,   under   apparently   unpropitious   cir- 
cumstances.    Upon   graduating  he   was   made   Principal   of   Holland   Acad- 
emy,  and   this    institution,   the   germ    of    Hope    College,    is    his    monument. 
He  also  began  English  preaching  in  the  Holland  colony  in  Michigan,  which 
culminated   in   the    Second    Church   of    Holland.      He   possessed   warm   im- 
pulses and  an  affectionate  disposition,  and  loved  his  pupils  dearly,  for  their 
own    sakes   and    for   Christ's.      Many   were   led   to    study    for   the    ministry 
through  his   influence.     He  was  a  most  diligent  student,  an  excellent   He- 
brew  scholar,   and   an   admirable   exegete.   and   projected   and   almost   com- 
pleted several   exegetical  works.     His   "Gethsemane"  was  about  completed, 
and  is  worthy  to  see  the  light.     He  had  also  advanced  far  on  the  "Song  of 
Solomon."    As  a  classical  scholar  and  teacher  he  had  few  superiors,  and  as 
a  writer  his  exegetical  ability  was  only  exceeded  by  his  spirituality.     See 
also  "Ch.  Int.,"  Apr.  6,  1865. 

Van  Vleck  (Van  Vlecq),  Paulus,  b.  in  Holland;  schoolmaster  and  pre- 
centor at  Kinderhook,  1702;  ord.  irregularly  by  Rev.  Bernardus  Free- 
man, 1709;  chaplain  to  Dutch  troops  going  to  Canada,  in  Queen  Anne's 
war,    1709-10;     Bensalem,   Neshaminy,    (Sammeny)    and    Germantown, 


THE   MINISTRY  563 

Pa.,  May  20,  171C-13;  united  with  Presbytery  of  Philadelphia,  Sept. 
JO,  1710. 
He  first  appears  as  a  schoolmaster  and  precentor  at  Kinderhook,  N.Y., 
1702.  He  also  sometimes  preached,  for  which  he  was  complained  of  and 
made  to  desist.  "Doc.  Hist.,  N.Y.,"  iii.  528.  In  1709  he  sought  to  be  ad- 
mitted to  the  ministry  as  a  chaplain  to  the  Dutch  troops  going  to  Canada. 
The  Governor,  Col.  Nicholson,  ordered  Domines  DuBois  and  Antonides 
to  ordain  him,  but  they  refused,  declaring  that  it  was  contrary  to  Church- 
Order.  He  was  finally  ordained,  it  is  said,  by  Freeman,  upon  which  the 
Classis  of  Amsterdam  expressed  its  disapprobation.  Yet  Freeman  seems 
to  deny  it.  In  1710  he  turns  up  in  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  where  he  begins  to 
organize  churches,  chiefly  among  a  few  Dutch  families  settled  there ;  at 
Bensalem,  Neshaminy  and  Germantown,  of  which  he  makes  himself  the 
pastor.  .In  June,  1710,  he  organized  a  church  at  Wytjnes  (Whitemarsh), 
which  afterward  became,  perhaps,  the  Presbyt.  ch.  of  Abington ;  and  he 
itinerated  among  the  Dutch  settlements  from  Pennsylvania  to  Staten 
Island,  4)erforming  marriages  and  baptizing  children.  On  Nov.  15.  1710, 
he  organized  the  Church  of  Six  Alile  Run.  N.  J.  On  Sept.  11,  171 1,  he  was 
married  by  Rev.  Andrews,  of  Philadelphia,  to  Jannetje,  daughter  of 
Elder  Van  Dyck,  of  Sammeny.  In  three  years  he  had  organized  three 
churches,  supplied  ten  stations,  married  15  couples,  received  83  members 
into  church-fellowship,  and  baptized  93  children.  The  last  entry  in  his 
diary  is  on  Apr.  24,  17 13.  when  he  marries  a  couple  at  Raritan,  N.J. 
Within  a  year  after  his  own  marriage  rumors  began  to  circulate  that  he 
had  a  wife  in  Holland.  After  some  delay  this  was  confirmed,  and  on 
Sept.  21,  171 5,  it  was  reported  that  he  had  fled  the  country. 

See  "Webster's  Hist.  Presbyt.  Ch.,"  338. — Streng's  Article  in  "Doyles- 
town  Democrat."  May  29.  1883. — "Mulford's  Hist.  Discourse  at  175th 
Anniv.  of  Ch.  of  Six  Mile  Run,"  1885. — Prof.  Hinke's  Art.  on  "Church 
Record  of  Neshaminy  and  Bensalem,"  in  "Journal  Presb.  Hist.  Soc," 
May.  1901.— "Hall's  Hist.  Presbyt.  of  Trenton."  4c. 

Van  Vlierden.  Peter,  b.  in  Neths.,  Apr.   13,  .1737;    (St.  Croix,  W.I),  1787- 
1792,  Oakhill,  N.Y.,  1792-4,  Catsbaan,  1793-1804,  suspended.     Restored 
July.  1804,  d.  1 82 1. 
He  was  the  last  minister  who  came  over  from  Holland  (imtil  the  immigra- 
tion  in    1847),   coming,    however,    by   way   of    the    West    Indies,    where   he 
was   settled    for   a   time.      He   was   a   learned   and    able   divine,   graduating 
from  the   University   with   the   highest  honors.      He   left   one   son,   who.   in 
selling  some  silverware  belonging  to  the  family,  sold  a  prize  medal,  which 
his  father  had  won  in  the  University  of  Leyden.     It  was  later  in  possession 
of  John  Cooke,  of  Catskill.     (We  leave  this  as  in  Manual  of  1879.  but  his 
name  is  not  in  catalogue  of  Leyden  University). 

Publications:  "The  Destiny  of  the  Soul  After  Death":  A  Ser.  at  the 
Fun.  of  Rev.  John  Schunema.  1794. — "A  Fast-day  Sermon,"  at  Catskill, 
1812,  pubd.  Albanv,  1813. 

Van  Vliet,  Thornton,  b.  Brooklyn.     R.C.  1861.  N.B.S.  1861-2.    Merchant. 
Van  Vliet,  William,  b.  Netherlands,  March   19,   1882.     Educated  in  Nether- 
lands.     Independent    Ref.    Ch.,    Muskegon.    1908-13,    Chicago,    Summit, 

1913-16.  Fulton.  111..  1st.   1916-19,  Kalamazoo.  Mich..  4th.   1919 

Van  Voorhis.  Stephen.  C.N.J.  1765.  lie.  by  the  General  Meeting  of  Minis- 
ters and  Elders,  1772;  Poughkeepsie.  1773-6.  supplied  Dover.  1774, 
Rhinebeck  Flats.  1776-85.  Philipsburgh  (Tarrytown).  and  Cortland- 
town,  1785-8.  (Kingston  and  Assj-npinck,  N.J.,  Presbyt.).  1793-6,  d. 
Nov.  23. 
Van  Vranken.  Adam  H..  h.  Apr.  26,  1824;  R.C.  48.  N.B.S.  51,  1.  CI.  Schenec- 
tady; Glen,  ^1-6=;.  S.S.,  Auriesville,  54-;.  Centreville,  Mich..  65-1880, 
d.  Oct.  27.  See  "Ch.  Int.,"  Nov.  11.  18,  1880. 
Van  Vranken.  Francis  \'ischer.  b.  Princetown.  N.Y..  Nov.  26,  1835;  U.C. 
58,  N.B.S.  61,  1.  CI.  Montgomery;    Lysander,  61-6,  Glen,  66-74,  Newark, 


564  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

2d,  74-82,   Fultonville,   N.Y.,  82-92,  Philmont,   N.Y..   1892-1903,   Leeds, 

N.Y.,  1903-16,  d.  Dec.  5.  1918.     D.D.  by  U.C. 

He  was  a  genial   man,  a  conscientious   pastor  and   a   good  preacher — an 

all  around  minister  of  Christ.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1919,  1921. 

Van  Vranken,  Herbert  E..  b.   Schenectady,  N.Y.     H.C.   1914,  N.B.S.   1917. 

Ordained   as   a   missionary   by   CI.    Schenectady,    1917.      Missionary   to 

India,  1917 

Van   Vranken,   Howard  H.    (son  of  Adam  H.  Van  Vranken),  b.  at  Glen, 
N.Y.,  June  i,  1852;    Miami  Univ.  "jz.  H.S.  and  N.B.S.  75,  lie.  CI.  Mich- 
igan;   Linden,  75-7.  Irving  Park,  77-82,  d.  Nov.  4,  1904. 
Van    Vranken,    Nicholas,    b.    at    Schenectady,    1762;     studied   under    Dirck 
Romeyn  and  Livingston,  1.  by  the  Synod  of  R.D.  Chs.  1790;    Fishkill, 
Hopewell,  and  New  Hackensack,  1791-1804.  d. 
He  was  a  man  of  fine  attainments,  literary  and  theological,  a  fervent  and 
eloquent   speaker,  and  a   most  devoted   servant  of   God.     After  completing 
his   preparatory   studies,   he  became   principal   of   a   flourishing  academy   in 
his   native   city,   continuing  in   that   position    for   six   years.     This   academy 
was  the  germ  of  Union  College.     The  records  of  his  churches,  so  far  as 
preserved,     show    numerous    additions,    etvidencing'    that    his    labors    were 
blessed.     He  was   possessed  of   strong   affections,  ardently  attached   to   his 
charges,   no   inducement   prevailing   with   him  to   sever   his   connection   with 
them.     He  declined  calls   from   Albany  and   Schenectady.     The   change   of 
language,  from  the  Dutch  to  the  English,  took  place  in  his  charges  during 
his  ministry.     His  knowledge  of  his  people  was  so  complete,  and  his  tact 
so  great,  that  when,  according  to  ancient  custom,  the  communicants  stood 
around  the  pulpit  to   receive  the   sacramental   elements   from  the   hands   of 
their   pastor,   he   adapted   his   remarks   to   the   circumstances   of   each.      His 
quick  eye  took  in  in  a   moment  individual  peculiarities,  and  he  also   spoke 
to  them   in  Dutch  or   English,  as  they  were   best   able  to   comprehend  the 
one  or   the  other.     Tradition   represents   him   as   a   most   faithful,   devoted, 
and  dearly  beloved  pastor.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Van  Vranken,  Samuel  A.   (s.  of  Nicholas  Van  Vranken),  b.  Feb.  20,  1792; 
U.S.  1815,  N.B.S.  1817.  1.  CI.  N.B.;    Middletown  and  Freehold,  18-26, 
Freehold,  26-34,   Poughkeepsie,  34-7,   Broome  St.,   N.Y.C.,  37-41,  Prof. 
Didac.  Theol.  in  N.B.  Sem.  and  Prof.  Evid.  Ch.  Relig.  and  Logic  in  Rut- 
gers Col.,  41-61,  d.  Jan.   i.     Elected  a  trustee  of   Queen's  Coll.   1819. 
S.T.D.  by  C.C,  1836. 
No  one  ever  met  him,  and  conversed  with  him  for  even  a  few  moments, 
who   did  not   feel   at  once   that  he  was  a   highly  intelligent,   noble-minded, 
and  gifted  Christian  gentleman.     His  personal  presence  was  imposing,   his 
voice  rang  out  freely,  the  grasp  of  his  hand  was  animating,  his  eye  rested 
confidently  upon  you,  and  when  he  spoke,  you  saw  plainly  that  he  was  a 
man  of  a  frank  and  open  disposition,  of  large  information,  and  possessed  of 
such  powers  of  intellect  as  would  render  anything  that  he  might  have  to 
say,  worthy  of  }our  attention.     He  was  an  ingenuous   man.     He  knew  of 
no   conceahnent,   practiced   no   subterfuges,   and   might   be   understood   in   a 
few   moments.      Few   were    more   unsophisticated,    unsuspicious,    and    open- 
hearted  than  he  in  his  intercourse  with  his  brethren. 

He  was  a  most  friendly,  lovable  man.  As  pastor  he  was  much  honored 
and  as  Professor  he  was  the  wise  confident  of  his  students. 

He  was  a  good  preacher  and  teacher.  Yet  he  was  rather  a  good  general 
scholar   than   a   specialist.      See   Manual,    1902. 

Publications:  "The  Religious  Spirit  of  the  Age":  an  Address  at 
Anniver.  of  Miss.  Soc.  R.D.C.  1829.  "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iv.  IC2. — "Socinianism 
Subversive  of  Christianity."  i6mo.  pp.  64.  1841. — "Whose  Children  are 
Entitled  to  Baptism."  i6mo,  pp.  135.  1841. — See  Objections  to  his  views. 
"Ch.  Int.,"  Dec.  18.  1841.  Sketch  of  Sermon  preached  at  Ordination  of 
Revs.  Mabon  and  Taylor,  1844.  In  "Ch.  Int.."  Oct.,  1844. — Address  at 
Fun.  of  Dr.  -Knox,  1858.     In  "Knox  Memorial." — Art.  in  "Sprague's  An- 


THE   MINISTRY  5^5 

nals"  on   "Rev.   Dr.   John   Schurcman."— "System  of    Theology."     In   MS. 

in  Sage  Library.  /-    x     x- ^7 

Van   Wagenen,   John    Hardenbergh,   b.   at    Rochester    (Ulster    Co.),    h.Y., 
180^;     U.C.   23,   N.B.S.   26,   1.   CI.   Ulster;     Beavcrdam,    Berne,   26-31, 
Niskayuna   and   Amity,   31-4,    Niskayuna,    34-5,    Linlithgo,    35-40,    Lin- 
lithgo  and  Mt.  Pleasant   (Greenport),  40-1,  Kmgston,  41-4,  d. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:   A  Ser.  in  behalf  of  the  Widows'  Fund.     1839. 
Van  Wagener,  W.  M.,  b.  in  N.Y.C.,  Feb.  14,  1842;    C.C.  61,  N.B.S.  61-2, 
P.S.  62-3.   N.B.S.  63-4;    Episcopalian;    assistant  of  Dr.   Tyng.     Died 
July  25,  1866. 
Van  Westenberg,  Anthony.    H.C.  1916,  N.B.S.  1920,  1.  by  CI.  N.B.    Newark, 

North.  Assistant,  1920 

Van  Westenberg,  Isaac,  b.  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  Feb.  17,  1882.  H.C.  1909, 
W.T.S.  1912,  1.  by  CI.  Grand  River.     Marion,  N.Y.,  2d,  1912-14,  Grand 

Rapids,  Immanuel,  1914-19,  Fulton,  111.,  2d,  1919 

Van  Westenberg,  John,  b.  Brouweisharen,  Neths.,  Dec.  25,  1866;  H.C. 
1888.  N.B.S.  91,  he.  CI.  N.B.;  Pultneyville,  91-92,  Brighton,  N.Y.,  92- 
97,  Albany,  Holl.  ch.  1897-1902,  Pella,  la.,  ist,  1902-05,  w.  c.  1905-09- 
Cleveland,  O.,  ist,  1909-11,  Jamestown,  Mich.,  2d,  1911-13,  Grand  Rap- 
ids, Mich.,  9th,  1915-18,  Fremont,  Mich.,  1918-21,  Byron  Center,  Mich., 

1921 .     S.C.   Classis  Rochester,   Albany,   Grand   River.     Pres.   P.S. 

Albany,  1902.     Pres.  P.S.  Chicago. 
Publications:    Ref.  Ch.  in  Netherlands,  1902. 
Van  Woert,  Henry  S.,  b.  Lawyersville,   N.Y.,   Alay  20,    1870.     R.C.    1901, 
N.B.S.    1904,  1.  by  CI.   Schoharie.     Keyport,  N.J.,   1904-09,   Bethlehem 

(Selkirk),   1909-19,  Roxbury,   N.Y.,   1919 

Van  Woert,  Jacob  H.,  b.  West  Athens.  N.Y..  1823;  R.C.  46,  N.B.S.  49,  1- 
CI.  Greene;  North  Blenheim  and  Breakabin,  50-2,  Ghent,  2d,  (West), 
52-65,  Lawversville,  and  Sharon,  65-71.  Died  1882,  Dec.  16. 
Van  Wyck,  Geo.  P.,  b.  ^t  Bloomingburgh,  N.Y.,  June  24,  1821  ;  R.C.  40, 
N.B.S.  43.  1.  CI.  Orange;  Deerpark.  44-52,  (Presbyt.  Berlin,  Md.,  52-6, 
Gettysburg.    Pa.,    56-60,    Chester,    Pa.,    60-61,    chaplain.    Tenth    Legion, 

61-65,  chaplain  in  U.S.  Army.  Georgia,   1865 .     Died  Aug.  5,   1899. 

See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1900,  12. 
Van  Wyck,  Polhemus,  b.  in  N.Y.,  1823;    R.C.  43,  N.B.S.  48,  1.  CI.  Pough- 
keepsie;     Greenport,    48-51,    Gansevoort,    and    Northumberland,    53-6, 
West    Farms,   56-67,   Cortlandtown,   67-8,   supplying   churches,   68-1882, 
died  May  17. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Van  Wvk.  John  C.  b.  Orange  City.  la.,  Oct.  22,  1888.     Grinnell  Col.  1912, 
W.T.S.    1917.    1.   by    CI.    Dakota    1917.      Missionary   to    India,    1917-19- 

Maurice.  la.,  American  Reformed,  1919 

Van  Zandt,  Ab.   B.,  b.   in   Schenectady,   N.Y..   1816;    U.C.  40,   P.S.   42.   1. 
Presbyt.  Troy;    ord.  by  Presbyt.  North  River,  42;    Matteawan,  N.Y., 
1842,   Newburgh,  42-8,    (Petcrsburgh.   Va.,  48-55),   Central,   Ninth   St., 
N.Y.C.,  55-9,  Montgomery,  59-72.  Prof,  of  Didactic  and  Polemic  Theol- 
ogy at  New  Brunswick.  72-81,  d.  July  21.     D.D.  by  Hampden  Sidney 
Coll.,  Va.,  1853;    LL.D.  by  C.N.J.,  1873. 
Dr.  Van  Zandt  was  a  student.     He  had  the  power  of  concentration,  and 
the  endurance  which  enabled  him  to  work  intensely  at  his  desk,  day  after 
day.   and  often   far   into   the   night.      He   carefully   elaborated   his   sermons 
when  a  pastor,  and  his  lectures  when  a  professor.     He  gave  great  atten- 
tion to  analysis  and  style,  but  special  care  to  comprehensiveness  and  pre- 
cision in  statements,  and  in  definitions.     His  work  never  satisfied  him  un- 
til  he   had   severely   tested   every   part   of    it.   and    felt   prepared   to   defend 
every    point.      He    loved    intensely    the    old-fashioned    orthodoxy    according 
to  the  standards  of  the  Church,  and  almost  scorned  anything  approaching 
broad-churchism.      In    his    pastoral    work    he    laid    great    stress    upon    the 


566  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

faithful  instruction  of  the  children  and  youth,  and  attended  personally 
and  regularly  to  the  catechetical  exercises  in  the  different  parts  of  his 
congregations. 

As  a  preacher,  he  had  a  fiery  impetuousness  of  delivery  which  not  only 
always  commanded  attention,  but  which  often  thrilled  his  audience.  Yet 
his  preaching  was  not  what  would  be  called  emotional.  It  was  clear, 
sound,  solid  reasoning,  which  instructed  the  understanding,  and  convinced 
the  heart.  The  same  characteristics  were  exhibited  in  debates  in  ecclesi- 
astical bodies,  and  in  the  professorial  chair.  He  was  a  clear  thinker,  had 
quick  passions  and  an  indomitable  will. 

In  the  class-room  he  was  clear,  logical  and  comprehensive  in  his  defini- 
tions and  arguments.  He  made  much  of  the  Covenant  of  Grace  as  a  cen- 
tral truth.  He  left  a  carefuUy-written-out  series  of  lectures  on  Didactic 
Theology,  which  is  deposited  in  the  Sage  Library ;  also  a  Commentary  on 
the  Constitution  of  the  Reformed  Church.  See  "In  Memoriam,  A.  B. 
Van  Zandt,  Catskill,"  1881. — Also  "Centennial  of  Sem.  N.B.,"  138,  141-2, 
456. — Dr.  Demarest's  Address,  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Aug.  3,  1881.     Manual,  igo2. 

Publications:  Many  sermons,  orations,  addresses,  etc.,  and  articles  for 
the  press. 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Van  Zandt,  Benj.,  b.  at  Gelderland,   N.Y.,  Feb.   14,   1809;    U.C.  33,  Aub. 
Sem.   36,   lie.    Presb.    Cayuga,   36;     Union   Village,   36-42,    Kinderhook, 
42-52,  Nyack,  52-56,  Prin.  of  Rockland  Institute,  56-68,  (Presb.  58-62), 
Canajoharie,   and   Sprakers,  62-69,   Leeds,  69-78,   w.   c.     Died   Oct.   14, 
1895.     D.D.  by  U.C.   1866. 
He  was  a   faithful  man,  earnest  for  the  right  as  he  saw  it. 
He  was  much  involved  in  the  abolition  controversy  of  his  day. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publication  :    Ser.   at   Fun.   of   Rev.   Dr.   Jacob   Sickles.     1846. 
Van  Zandt,  Peter,  b.  I795-    N.B.S.  1817,  1.  CI.  N.B.  1817;    Schenectady,  2d. 
and  1st  Ch.,  Fourth  Ward,   (Glenville),  1818-22,  Miss,  to  Oakhill,  1823, 
d.  1855. 
He  was  obliged  to  give  up  preaching  on  account  of   a  throat  difficulty. 
He  then  became  a  physician.     Sketch  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Sept.  6,  1855. 
Van  Zante,  A.  B.     1.  by  CI.  la.     Fairview,  III.,  1903-07. 
Van   Zanten,   Jacob   J.,  b.    South   Holland,   111.,    Mar.   27,    1858;     H.C.   80, 
W.S.   90,   lie.    CI.   Michigan;    ord.   July  8.    1890;     Instructor   in   N.W. 
Classical  Academy,  Orange  City,  la. ;    Grand  Haven,  2d,  90-3,  Muske- 
gon,  1st,  93-9,   Cedar  Grove,   Wis.,   1899-1904.     Educational  Agent   for 
Hope  College,  1904.     Beavcrdam,  Mich.,  1904-08,  d.  Oct.  3. 
On  Nov.   13,   1900,  academic  instruction  was  begun  in  the  chapel  of  the 
church  of  Cedar  Grove,  Wis.,  under  the  auspices  of  Mr.  Van  Zanten,  and 
assistants,  with  twenty-six  pupils,  the  first  year,  and  thirty-six  the  second 
year.      It    was    incorporated    Oct.    9,    1901,    as    "The    Wisconsin    Memorial 
Academy,"   to   commemorate    God's   providence   in    leading   Dutch   colonists 
to  those  parts  in   1847.     Proper  grounds  were  now  secured,  and  a  suitable 
building  erected.     Rev.   J.   J.   Zan   Zanton  was   president   of   the   Board  of 
Trustees ;    Rev.  John  Sietsma,  Secretary ;    and  Christian  Walvoord,  Treas- 
urer.    The  location  is  about  fifty  miles   north  of    Milwaukee.     See   Min. 
Gen.  Syn..  1909.  539. 

Van  Zanten,  John  W.,  b.  Orange  City,  la.,  Jan.  i,  1885.     H.C.  1907,  N.B.S. 
1910,  1.  by  CI.  Holland.    Metuchen,  N.J.,  1910-18,  Chaplain  U.S.  Army, 

1918-19,  Brooklyn,  ist,  1920 

Van  Zee,  Charles  William,  b.  Bayonne,  N.J.,  Jan.  9,  1867;  R.C.  1890, 
N.B.S.  93,  1.  S.  CI.  Bergen;  Freehold,  ist,  1893-1900,  Trinity,  Amster- 
dam, N.Y.,  1900-1901,  High  Bridge,  N.J.,  1902-03,  d.  Aug.  16.  Ph.D., 
Taylor  Univ.;  See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1904,  843. 
Van  Zomeren,  John  G.,  b.  Kalamazoo,  Mich.  H.C.  1904,  W.T.S.  1907,  1. 
by  CI.  Mich.  1907.  Muskegon,  Mich.,  2d,  1907-10,  Cleveland,  O.,  2d, 
1911-14,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  1914-21,  Jamestown,  Mich.,  2d,  192 1 ■ 


THE   MINISTRY  567 

Van  Zuuren,  Casparus,  b.  1648;  matriculated  at  Leyden  University,  Sept. 
7,  1668,  for  the  study  of  Philosophy;  his  residence  was  Govdanus,  and 
his  age,  20;  Flatbush,  New  Utrecht,  Brooklyn,  Flatlands,  1677-85; 
May  17,  returned  to  Holland;  Gonderach,  Holland,  1685-1704,  and  per- 
haps longer.  In  1695  his  old  congregations  on  Long  Island  recalled 
him,  but  he  did  not  accept.  He  also  preached  occasionally  at  Bush- 
wick,  Gravesend,  Bergen,  and  Staten  Island. 
On  July  20,  1676,  Van  Zuuren  requested  to  be  received  as  "Recommended" 
by  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  for  service  in  foreign  lands. 

After  the  death  of  Domine  Polhemus  in  June,  1676,  the  Churches  of  Long 
Island  requested  that  Domine  Selyns  be  sent  to  them.  He  declined  but 
Domine  \'an  Zuuren  was  sent  by  the  Classis.  His  salary  was  750  guilders, 
Holland  money  ($300),  besides  a  free  dwelling  and  fire  wood. 

Van  Zuuren's  letters  are  very  long  and  prosy.  They  have  a  certain 
value,  as  they  go  elaborately  into  the  relative  values  of  the  various  kinds 
of  currency  then  in  use,  and  he  was  very  particular  as  to  the  relative  value 
of  the  currency  in  which  he  received  his  salary.  See  "Ecc.  Rec,  X.Y.," 
Manual,  1902. 
Van  Zyl,  B.  R.,  b.  Newkirk,  la.,  July  24,   1885.     H.C.   I9i'2,  W.T.S.  1915- 

1.  by  CI.  la.   1915.     Sanborn,  la.,   1915-20,  Grandville,  Mich.,   1921 

Varick    (Variq  and   Van  Varick),   Rudolphus,   matriculated  at    University 

of    Utrecht,    1666;     in    East    Indies,    1673-8,   at    Hem,    Neths.,    1679-86, 

Brooklyn,    Flatlands,    Flatbush,    New    Utrecht,    1686-94,    d.    Aug.      He 

also    preached   occasionally   at    Bushwyck,    Gravesend,    Bergen,    Staten 

Island  and  Hackensack. 

The   first   allusion   to    him   in    "Mints,   of    Classis   of    Amsterdam"    was 

on  April  6,  1671.     On  Jan.  5,  1672,  he  was  appointed  for  service  in  the  East 

Indies.     But  in  1678  he  had  returned. 

According  to  the  "Mints,  of  the  Synod,"  in  1679  he  had  settled  at  the 
Church  of  Hem ;  and,  perhaps,  remembering  the  circumstances  that  Jonas 
Michaelius  was  once  in  this  church,  and  afterward  went  to  New  Nether- 
land,  he  now  offered  to  go  thither. 

He  sailed  from  Holland  in  March,  1686,  and  arrived  early  in  July.  (Let- 
ter of  Sept.  9,  1686).  He  received  letters  of  denization,  July  29,  1686,  with 
liberty  to  trade  or  traffic.  He  was  received  with  very  great  kindness  by 
the  congregations  on  Long  Island.  A  salary  of  900  florins  was  given  him 
and  free  fuel. 

When  the  troubles  about  the  Leisler  administration  occurred,  he  was 
for  a  long  time  patient  under  them,  but  at  length,  for  his  high-handed 
proceedings,  felt  compelled  to  denounce  him.  (Selyns).  In  this  oppo- 
sition, he  stood  together  with  all  the  Reformed  ministers  of  the  Province — 
Selyns,  Dellius,  Daille.  He  found  it  necessary  to  flee,  going  to  New 
Castle.  But  upon  his  return  he  was  charged  with  being  privy  to  a  design 
to  rescue  the  fort  from  Leisler,  and  he  was  dragged  by  a  force  of  armed 
men  from  his  house,  taken  to  the  fort  and  imprisoned,  and  kept  in  con- 
finement for  six  months.  This  was  in  the  fall  of  1690.  He  was  charged 
also  with  speaking  treasonable  words  against  Leisler,  and  was  sentenced 
to  pay  a  fine  of  £80,  by  Lanoy,  a  pretended  judge,  to  be  deposed  from  his 
ministerial  functions,  and  kept  in  prison  till  the  fine  was  paid.  Domine 
Selyns  offered  himself  and  property  as  bail  for  him  when  imprisoned, 
but  was  refused,  and  threatened  with  imprisonment  himself.  He  was 
finally  released  WMthout  fine,  though  he  ultimately  died  of  his  ill-treatment, 
while  Leisler,  his  persecutor,  was  at  length  deposed  and  executed. — "Ecc. 
Rec,  N.Y."  "Doc.  Hist.,"  ii.  247.  "Col.  Hist.,"  iii.  749,  753;  iv.  219. 
"Gen.  and  Biog.  Record,"  ix.  95.  "Murphy's  Anthology."  "Brodhead's 
N.Y.,""  vol.  ii.    See  Manual,  1902. 

Vas,    Petrus,   b.   about    1658.     Kingston,    Dec,    1710-1756.      He   also   often 
officiated  at  Rhinebeck.  having  organized  that  church. 
His   name   does   not   appear   in   the   printed    Catalogues   of    the   Univer- 
sities of  Lej-den,  Utrecht  or  Groningen. 


568  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

There  is  a  Petrus  (Vas?)  van  Gent,  referred  to  as  a  candidate  of 
Theology,  on  Oct.  6,  1681,  and  Mar.  16,  1682.  He  requested  to  be  received 
as  an  "Expectant"  of  the  Classis,  but  not  for  foreign  churches.  ("Mints. 
CI.  Amst.,"'  vii.  313).  But  it  is  uncertain  whether  this  is  the  same  one 
who,  nearly  thirty  years  later,  went  to  Kingston.  If  so,  he  was  still  a 
candidate  m  1699,  when  he  requested,  as  a  candidate,  to  be  recommended 
to  the  service  of  the  foreign  churches,  at  the  same  time  that  Gaulterus 
Du  Bois  made  a  similar  request.  At  this  same  meeting  (May  4,  1699), 
there  was  an  election,  among  three  candidates,  Gualterus  Du  Bois,  John 
Lydius,  minister  at  the  Olyfberg;  and  Petrus  Vas,  for  the  church  of 
iNiew  York,  when  Du  Bois  was  chosen,     (viii.  304;  xix.  255). 

In  1699  he  is  mentioned  as  a  candidate  at  's  Gravelant,  Holland.  He 
succeeded  Beys  (Bois)  in  1710.  The  Classis  says  "he  has  a  good  witness 
among  us,  and  we  hope  he  will  be  received  in  love  and  good-will."  A 
larger  allowance  than  usual  was  asked  of  the  church  of  Kingston  for  his 
voyage,  as  the  journey  was  tedious,  expensive,  and  dangerous  on  account 
of  the  war,  and  Vas  had  a  large  family. — "Ecc.  Rec,  N.Y."  "Doc.  Hist.," 
iii.  585. 

Vaughn,   Jonah,'  b.    New    Vineyard,    Me.,   Ap.   30,    1851  ;     R.C.    78,    N.B.S. 

81,   1.   CI.   N.B.;    Franklin  Furnace,  81-4,   Owasco,  84-9,   Linlithgo    (at 

Livingston),  89-1900.    w.  c.    d.  Oct.  30,  1913.    Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1914,  253. 

Vavighan,  William  (brother  of  Jonah  Vaughan),  b.  Sept.  21.  1855,  in  Maine; 

R.C.  1880,  N.B.S.  S3,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;    South  Bergen.  83-8,  Knox  Memorial, 

N.Y.C.,  1888-1802,  East  Belfast,  Maine,  Trinity,  1907 

Vedder,  Edwin,  b.  Aug.  42,  1815.  R.C.  1841,  N.B.S.  44,  1.  CI.  Schenectady; 
Little  Falls.  45-9,  S.S.,  Glenville,  2d.  49-51.  Berne,  ist,  and  Beaverdam, 
51,  Beaverdam,  51-5,  Middleburgh,  and  Schoharie  Mt.,  55-63,  Gallup- 
ville  and  Knox,  63-8,  Gallupville,  68-71,  Schoharie,  71-3.  Jerusalem, 
73-85;  emeritus,  d.  Nov.  24.  191 1.  See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1912,  570. 
Vedder,  Henry,  1.   1803. 

Vedder,    Hermanns,    b.    at    Rotterdam,    N.Y.,    Nov.    17,    1777;     U.C.    1799, 
studied  under   D.   Romeyn  and   S.   Froeligh.   lie.   CI.   Albany,   Sept.   29, 
1801  ;      Greenbush    and    Taghkanic,    1803-47.    also    supplied    Linlithgo, 
1806-14,  Greenbush  (Gallatin),  50-64;    died,  1873,  June  29. 
His  ministry  of  72  years  was  contemporaneous  with  the  rise  and  progress 
of  the  America  Republic.     He  remembered  the  Revolutionary  war  and  was 
keenly  interested  in  the  Civil  War.     For  many  years  he  was  the  wise  spirit- 
ual adviser  in  a  territory  which  is  now  occupied  by  ten  churches. 

See  Manual,  1902. 
Veenhuizen,   A.   B..  b.  in   Netherlands.   1814,  studied  theology  under  Merle 
D'Aubigne    and    his    associates    in    Geneva.    Switzerland ;     engaged    in 
preparing    young    men    for    the    ministry    in    Netherlands    with    Revs. 
Brummelkamp  and   Van   Raalte ;    came  to   America,    1846;     labored  at 
Schraalenberg.    N.J..  46;     Albany.   46-50.    Rochester.   50-3.    (East   Wil- 
liamson.  Presbyt.),   and    Pultneyville,    53-62,    S.S.,   at    Pultneyville,   65- 
85.     Emeritus.     Died  Mar.  23,  1895. 
At  first  expecting  to  become  a  physician,  he  prepared  for  that  profession, 
but  afterward   felt   himself   called  to   enter   the   Gospel   ministry.      He   had 
done   some   evangelistic   work   in   the   days   of   the    secession   of    the    State 
church    in    the    Netherlands.      For   about   three    years    he    preached    in    the 
French  language,   in   a   field  which  was  opened  to  him,   and   then   received 
a  call   from   the   Hollanders  at   Rochester.   N.Y.     At  the   close   of   twenty- 
eight  years  of  faithful  service  he  was  declared  by  the  Classis  of  Rochester 
pastor  emeritus  of  the  church  at  Pultneyville,  where  for  ten  years  he  lived 
and  his  life  closed.     His  knowledge  of  medicine  gave  him  the  opportunity 
to  minister  to  the  bodies  of  his  people  as  well  as  their   souls.     The   sub- 
ject of  his  conversation  and  preaching  was  Christ  and  Him  crucified.     An 
elder  asked  him  if  he  was  firm  in  the  faith.     He  replied,  "I  know  that  my 
Redeemer    liveth,"   and   then   began    to   speak   about   heaven   as    his    home. 


THE   MINISTRY  5^ 

He  longed  to  depart  and  be  with  Christ,  and  in  that  frame  of  mind  obeyed 
the  summons. — "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.."  1895,  218. 

Veenker,  Gerrit  A.,  b.  Aug.  7,  1856.  at  Pilsum.  East  Friesland,  Ger. ;  c.  to 
America,  68;  (studied,  Mission  House,  Franklin,  Wis.  (R.C.,  U.S.), 
80.  Theolog.  Ed.,  same.  82,  1.  CI.  Sheboygan  (R.C.,  U.S.),  82;  Miss. 
Marathon  and  Clark  Cos..  Wis.,  82-4)  ;  Parkersburg,  84-92,  CI.  Miss, 
for  work  among  the  Germans.  92-9,  Forreston.  111.,  1899-1904,  Clara 
City,  Minn.,  Bethany,  1904-1909,  Classical  Missionary,  Classis  of  Pleas- 
ant Prairie,  1910 

Veenschoten,  Henry  Michael,  b.  Feb.  4.   1892.  Orange  City,  la.     H.C.  1914, 

W.T.S.  1917,  1.  by  CI.  Holland,  1917,  Missionary  to  China,  1917 

Veenschoten.  Wm.,  h.  at  Ede.  Neths..  1844;    H.C.  71.  X.B.S.  74,  1.  CI.  111.; 
Schodack,   74-86,    Greenport    (Columbia   Co.),   N.Y.,   86-90,    (Hornells- 
ville,  N.Y.,  Presbyt.,  90-4,  E.   Stroudsburg,   Pa..   1894-1908,  d.  July  5). 
PuBLic.\Tioxs :    "Should  the  Refd.  Church  Continue  a   Separate  Organi- 
zation?"— "A    Plan     for    Organic     Union."       1887. — Articles    on     "Church 
Union,"     in    the     "N.Y.    Independent." — Sermon :      "Knowledge-Power    in 
Religion"  :    in  "Homilet.   Rev." — Sermon  :    "Life  and  Death  of  a  Child." 
Vehslage,  Henry,  b.  in  N.Y.C.,  Feb.  12.  1837.  Coll.  City  of  N.Y.,  58,  N.B.S. 
61.  1.  by  S.  CI.  N.Y. ;    Irvington,  61-1894,  ^-  Mar.  4. 
He  enjoyed  a  very  high  character   for  scholarship  and  pulpit  ability,  for 
pastoral    faithfulness   and    for   practical    tact    in   his    intercourse   with   men, 
and   in   his   work.     He   was   remarkable    for   modesty.      He   never   took   the 
first    step    to    put    himself    forward.      He    was    a    peculiarly    well-balanced 
man.     Endowed  with  talents  of  a   high  order,   with  consecrated  heart  and 
warm  affections,  all  dominated  by  that   rarest  of  all  gifts,  common   sense, 
he  was  ever  master  of  the  situation,  whatever   it  might  be. — "Mints.   Gen. 
Syn.,"  1894,  220. 

Veldman.  Henry  J.,  b.  Eibergen,  Gelderland,  Neths.,  June  14,  1865;  H.C. 
92,  W.S.  95,  1.  CI.  Grand  River;  Cedar  Grove.  Wis.,  95-98,  Pella,  ist, 
la.,    1898-1901,   Milwaukee,    ist,    1901-1906,    Holland,    Alich.,    ist,    1906- 

19,   Newkirk,   la.,   1919-21,   Detroit.   Alich.,   1921 .     Vice   Pres.   Gen. 

Syn.,  1913.     In  charge  of  Am.  Ch.  in  Hague,  1913. 
Pl'blications  :    Articles  in  De  Hope,  Leader,  etc. 
Veneklasen,  James  T.,  b.  Zeeland,  Alich..  Aug.  25,  1886.     H.C.  1907,  N.B.S. 

1912,  1.  by  CI.  Holland.     (Presbyterian,  1912 ). 

Vennema.  Ame.  b.  Holland.  Alich..  Alay  25.  1857;    H.C.  79,  N.B.S.  82,  lie. 
CI.  Holland ;  New  Paltz,  82-6,  Kalamazoo,  2d,  86-9,  Rochester,  2d.  89-92, 
Port   Jervis,   92-5,    Passaic,    ist,    1895-1911.      President    Hope    College, 
1911-18.     Ramapo.  Alawah.  N.J.,  1918-20.    Pres.  Gen.  Syn.,  1907.     Mem- 
ber Bd.  of  Education  and  F.AI..  R.C.A.     D.D..  H.C,  1904,  R.C.,  1916. 
Publication  :    "Hist,  of  Ch.  of  New  Paltz."  1883.     On  joint  committee 
for  publication  of  the  Hymnal  of  the  Reformed  Church. 
Vennema,   Sanders   A.,   b.    Netherlands,    1839,    Christian    Reformed   Church. 
Ord.   1890.     Danforth.   III..   1889-92.   Falmouth  and  Vogel  Centre,  and 
Modersville,  92-8.  w.  c.  d.  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  Alarch  2.   1921.     See 
Min.  Gen.  Syn..  1921,  636. 
Vcrbeck.    Guido    Fridolin,   b.   at    Zeist.    Province   of    Utrecht.    Netherlands, 
Jan.  23.  183c;    Auburn  Sem.  59.  1.  Presbyt.  Cayuga,  59;    Missionary  to 
Japan.    1859-1898;     Nagasaki.    59-AIar..    69,    Aliss.    at    Tokio ;     also    in 
the  service  of  the  Imperial  Government  in  educational,  translation,  and 
advisory    work.    69-78.    Bible    translation    and    evangelistic    tours,    with 
occasional  visits  to  America,   (and  one  to  Plurope  in  89).  79-98;    died 
in  Tokio.  Alarch  10.  1898.     D.D.  by  R.C. 
"Vcrbeck  of   Jai)an.   the  greatest   under  God  of   the   makers  of   the  new 
Christian  nation  that  is   coming  and  even  now   is,"   was  descended,  on   his 
father's   side,   of    ancient    Dutch   stock,   and   on    his    mother's    side    from    a 
Dutch   family   which   had  originated   in   Italy,   whence,    having  become   ad- 
herents to   Biblical   Christianity,   they   had   fled  at  the  breaking  out  of   the 
Reformation.      When    the    Aloravian    settlement   at    Zeist    was    formed,    in 


5/0  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

1776,  Jan  Verbeek,  an  ancestor,  was  living  there,  and  the  father  of  Ver- 
beck  of  Japan,  though  born  at  Choldorf,  in  Germany,  grew  up  in  Zeist, 
marrying  Ann  Kellerman,  becoming  burgomaster  of  the  village  of  Rysen- 
burg,  not  far  distant,  but  living  at  "the  Koppel,"  in  Zeist,  where  Guide, 
their  sixth  child,  was  born.  From  his  father,  the  future  missionary  in- 
herited his  simplicity  and  modesty,  and  from  his  mother  his  love  of  music. 
From  the  Moravians  he  received  his  missionary  inspiration.  Gutzlaff,  of 
China,  who  visited  Zeist,  was  especially  quickening  to  young  Guido.  It  is 
remarkable  that  this  apostle  to  the  Chinese  was,  under  God,  the  means 
of  directing  to  the  East  two  such  able  men  as  Guido  Verbeek  and  Sir  Harry 
Parkes.  Educated  at  the  Moravian  School,  in  four  languages,  Dutch, 
French,  English  and  German,  and  confirmed  in  the  Moravian  Church,  he 
spent  twenty-two  years  in  Zeist,  and  then  at  the  Polytechnic  Institute  of 
Utrecht  came  under  the  care  of  Professor  Grotte.  As  he  was  born  in  the 
year  that  railways  were  introduced  in  the  Netherlands,  his  parents  decided 
that  he  should  be  an  engineer.  After  some  experience  in  the  foundry  at 
Zeist,  it  was  through  the  suggestion  and  invitation  of  his  brother-in-law,  Rev. 
George  van  Deurs,  backed  by  the  Rev.  Otto  Tank  (who  married  a  wealthy 
Dutch  lady  in  Zeist),  that  Guido  came  to  America,  going  to  Green  Bay,  Wis., 
beginning  early  his  process  of  becoming  an  "Americanized  Dutchman."  He 
wrote,  in  1852,  "I  am  determined  to  become  a  good  Yankee." 

Tired  of  repeatedly  pronouncing  his  name  in  proper  Dutch  style,  he 
changed  its  spelling  to  Verbeek,  though  on  his  monument  in  Tokio  the  orig- 
inal orthography,  Verbeek,  is  preserved.  He  accepted  an  offer  to  go  as  an 
engineer  to  Helena,  Ark.,  and  was  there  engaged  in  drafting  and  engineering 
calculations  when  he  was  struck  down  by  the  fever.  During  his  sickness  he 
convenanted  with  God  that  if  restored  to  health  he  should  consecrate  his 
life  to  service  in  the  missionary  field.  Returning  to  Green  Bay,  he  spent 
the  winter  of  1854-1855  very  happily.  At  this  time,  unknown  to  the  young 
Dutchman,  the  Japanese  military  commander  at  Nagasaki,  found  floating 
in  the  water  a  New  Testament.  Becoming  acquainted  with  its  contents, 
through  the  Dutch  and  a  Chinese  translation,  he  began  the  study  of  the  book, 
praying  that  some  teacher  might  further  enlighten  him.  Providence  was 
already  preparing  the  teacher. 

In  the  autumn  of  1855,  invited  by  Mr.  van  Deurs  and  encouraged  by 
William  E.  Dodge,  of  honored  name,  he  came  to  Auburn.  ■  He  excelled 
both  as  a  student  and  as  a  singer  in  the  seminary  quartette.  He  also 
preached  in  German  to  a  German  congregation  in  Auburn.  Meanwhile, 
Perry's  expedition  had  been  fully  discussed  in  America  and  the  Reformed 
Dutch  Church  had  promptly  laid  the  foundations,  in  prayer  and  money, 
for  a  mission  in  Japan.  The  Rev.  Samuel  R.  Brown,  then  settled  at  Owasco 
Outlet,  a  beautiful  spot  near  Auburn,  had  offered  his  services  to  the  Board 
as  pioneer,  and  being  accepted,  was  looking  for  an  "Americanized  Dutch- 
man" to  go  with  him,  Dutch  being  then  the  key  to  the  cultured  men  of 
Japan,  who  made  this  one  European  language  their  basis  of  communication 
with  the  Western  world  and  their  medium  of  science.  Meeting  the  Board 
in  New  York,  Jan.  28,  1859,  Verbeek  was  appointed  missionary  Feb.  16, 
licensed  and  ordained  as  an  evangelist  by  the  Presbytery  of  Cayuga  on  the 
22d  of  March,  and  received  as  a  member  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Classis  of 
Cayuga  the  next  day.  Then,  having  no  status  as  a  Dutch  subject,  he  went 
to  Albany,  remaining  three  days,  to  secure  American  citizenship  from  the 
Legislature,  which,  he  found,  could  not  be  done.  So  as  "a  citizen  of  no 
country,"  he  lived  and  died.  On  the  i8th  of  April  he  was  married  to  Miss 
Maria  Manion,  who  thus  became  his  devoted  wife  and  helper  for  nearly 
forty  years  and  the  honored  and  beloved  mother  of  the  eight  children  born 
to  bless  the  union.  The  ship  Surprise  with  a  missionary  party.  Brown,  Ver- 
beek and  Simmons,  sailed  from  New  York,  May  7,  1859,  reaching  Shanghai 
on  the  17th  of  October.  The  "right  wing"  of  the  mission.  Brown  and 
Simmons  reached  Kanagawa  Nov.  i,  and  on  Nov.  7,  after  a  voyage  of  187 
days,  Verbeek  stepped  ashore  at  Nagasaki. 


THE    MINISTRY  57I 

Thcii  began  a  most  wonderful  work  of  nearly  thirty  years,  which  we 
may  divide  into  three  portions,  each  one  covering,  roughly,  a  decade,  the 
first  being  that  of  the  teacher  and  missionary,  the  second  of  the  educator, 
organizer  and  statesman,  the  third  of  the  Bible  translator  and  evangelist. 
Coming  among  high-spirited  and  suspicious  people  who  had  been  hermits 
on  their  own  island  for  nearly  three  centuries,  and  whose  idea  of  Chris- 
tianity was  that  it  cloaked  sorcery  and  political  conspiracy,  V'erbeck  began 
slowly  but  surely  to  make  friends  and  to  win  pupils.  Notwithstanding 
that  the  government  prohibitions  of  the  Christian  religion,  with  menace 
and  reward  to  the  informer,  hung  all  over  the  land,  yet  Mr.  Verbeck  at- 
tracted young  men  of  taste  and  education  to  his  house.  His  wonderful 
linguistic  accomplishments,  he  having  already  a  speaking  knowledge  of  four 
living  and  a  scholar's  acquaintance  with  three  dead  languages,  helped  him 
at  once  and  made  him  unusually  valuable  throughout  his  career.  So  thor- 
oughly did  he  give  himself  to  the  mastery  of  the  Japanese  that  he  was 
soon  ai)le  to  converse  fluently,  and,  from  "the  first,  so  accurately,  that  his 
•conversation  was  the  delight  of  natives  of  dignity  and  culture,  while  in 
later  years  many  Japanese  declared  that  he  was  the  only  foreign  public 
speaker  of  the  vernacular  whose  nativity  could  not  be  detected  when  he 
-was  unseen.  After  teaching  a  few  young  men  in  his  own  home,  the  Gov- 
ernor of  Nagasaki  established  a  school  for  the  training  of  interpreters 
and  engaged  Verbeck  to  teach  in  it  ten  hours  a  week,  at  a  salary  of  twelve 
hundred  dollars  a  year.  Happily  for  the  good  of  Japan  and  the  further- 
ance of  true  Christianity,  the  Board  gave  its  hearty  assent,  and  from  that 
time  until  1878  Mr.  Verbeck  was  a  self-supporting  missionarv.  Into  this 
school  came  the  sons  and  relatives  of  the  rulers  and  leading'  men  of  the 
southwestern  provinces,  including  two  nephews  of  the  famous  Yokoi 
Hershiro,  two  sons  of  the  Prime  Minister  Iwakura,  two  young  men  who 
afterward  became  members  of  the  emperor's  cabinet,  and  scores  of  others 
who  later  occupied  high  office  and  were  powerful  agents  in  the  making  of 
■the  new  Japan,  and  numbering  altogether  hundreds. 

Meanwhile,  through  young  men  who  passed  to  and  fro  between  Nagasaki 
and  Saga,  where  Murata  and  his  fellow-students  lived,  Mr.  Verbeck  kept 
up  his  unseen  Bible  class  for  three  years.  In  May,  1866,  the  pupil  came 
to  visit  his  teacher,  and  on  May  20th,  according  to  the  form  of  baptism  used 
in  the  Reformed  Church,  Mr.  Verbeck  baptized  Murata  ("Wakasa"),  the 
■officer  who  had  found  the  floating  Bible  in  the  water  twelve  years  before, 
with  two  of  his  young  men,  lyabe  and  Motono.  The  children  and  grand- 
■children  of  these  first  converts  are  still  active  in  the  Christian  churches 
in  Japan. 

When  the  revolution  of  1868  broke  out,  several  of  Mr.  Verbeck's  pupils, 
who  under  him  had  studied,  especially,  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States^  and  the  New  Testament,  became  active  in  the  new  government. 
Mr.  Verbeck,  not  having  been  for  five  years  outside  of  a  circle  of  a  radius 
of  four  miles,  improved  the  opportunity  and  made  a  trip  to  Osaka,  .so  as  to 
be  near  Kioto,  the  capital.  His  visit  was  effective  in  getting  Japanese 
young  men  sent,  under  imperial  auspices  and  support,  as  students  to  America. 
Already,  as  early  as  June  loth,  1866.  he  had  started  the  two  nephews  of 
Yokoi-Ise,  and  Numagawa,  the  first  of  a  host  to  go  abroad,  and  the  begin- 
Tiing  of  a  procession  of  five  hundred  or  more,  who,  with  Mr.  Verbeck's 
mtroduction,  were  helped  in  various  ways  when  in  America  by  friends  in 
the  Reformed  churches  and  the  Board.  Of  this  prolonged  and  varied  kind- 
ness, the  I-'mperor's  commissioners,  when  in  America  in  1885,  made  grateful 
acknowledgment.  When,  according  to  the  Mikado's  oath  in  1868,  "learning 
and  talent"  were  ".sought  throughout  the  world  to  re-establish  the  founda- 
tions of  the  empire,"  Mr.  Verbeck  was  called  to  Tokio  to  plan  out  a  svstem 
of  national  education  and  to  organize  the  Imperial  Universitv.  His"  first 
letters  from  that  city  are  dated  June  21,  1870.  In  Julv  he  received  orders 
(from  the  Department  of  Education  to  bring  out  fro'm  "America  voung  men 


57^  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

as  teachers  for  the  Japanese,  under  which  arrangement  Messrs.  Griffis,  Clark, 
Wyckoff  and  others  came  out  to  Japan.  See  the  pamphlet,  "The  Rutgers 
Graduates  in  Japan,"  1886. 

From  this  time  forth  Dr.  Verbeck  continued  his  multifarious  and  inces- 
sant labors  in  the  national  capital. 

Besides  re-organizing  the  Imperial  University,  appointing  teachers  and 
attending  to  manifold  details,  he  taught  the  Scriptures  in  his  own  house, 
helped  hundreds  of  inquirers  and  private  students,  served  informally  as 
general  adviser  of  many  of  the  officers  in  the  new  government  (then  with- 
out the  staff  of  experts  provided  later),  and  made  the  original  proposition 
and  mapped  out  the  route  of  the  great  embassy  to  the  treaty  powers  of 
the  world.  When  this  was  organized  and  ready  to  start,  led  by  one  of 
the  highest  nobles,  the  junior  premier  Iwakura,  and  several  members  of 
the  cabinet.  Dr.  Verbeck  found  that  half  of  the  personnel  of  the  embassy 
had  been  under  his  instruction  as  pupils.  Transferred  in  1874  to  the  service 
of  the  Genro-in,  or  Senate,  he  wrought  daily  and  continuously  with  the 
statesmen  who  were  preparing  the  national  Constitution  and  making  ready 
for  the  imperial  Diet  which  was  to  assemble  in  i88g.  He  translated  into 
Japanese,  with  the  co-operation  of  native  scholars,  the  "Code  Napoleon," 
Bluntschli's  "Staatsrecht."  "Two  Thousand  Legal  Maxiums,"  with  com- 
mentary, the  constitutions  of  the  states  of  Europe  and  America,  forest 
laws,  various  compendiums  and  forms,  and  hundreds  of  legal  and  political 
documents.  He  also  wrote  a  powerful  paper  on  "The  Freedom  of  the 
Press,"  which  had  great  influence  upon  the  Emperor's  ministers.  He  made 
them  acquainted  also  wrth  the  relations  of  Church  and  State  in  other  coun- 
tries, and  especially  with  the  American  system  of  trustees,  to  whom  are 
given  the  charge  of  property  and  secular  matters  relating  to  the  church. 

On  severing  his  connection  with  the  government.  July  i,  1877 — the  large 
number  of  expert  advisers  and  assistants  then  in  the  employ  of  nearly  all 
the  government  departments  enabling  him  to  do  this  with  a  good  grace — 
though  he  still  lectured  in  the  Nobles  School,  the  Emperor  bestowed  on 
him  the  decoration  of  the  Third  Class  of  the  Order  of  the  Rising  Sun. 
Concerning  this.  Dr.  Verbeck  wrote:  "This  is  the  first  piece  of  jewelry 
I  ever  owned,"  and  also,  "indirectly  it  is  a  tribute  to  the  cause  of  mis- 
sions." This  ever  active  missionary  never  for  one  moment  concealed  his 
character  and  purposes,  and  in  after  years  refused  to  preach  in  any  place 
where  his  decoration  by  the  Emperor  was  advertised  or  mentioned.  To 
the  organization  of  the  Koji-Machi  Church  in  Tokio,  Dr.  Verbeck  gave 
much  time,  thought,  prayer,  love  and  labor  and  money,  often  having  the 
whole  congregation  as  a  Bible  class. 

He  now  began  that  course  of  preaching  tours  which  lasted  until  his 
decease,  going  into  every  section  of  the  empire  and  always  speaking  to 
profoundly  interested  audiences.  His  tremendous  power,  coming,  indeed, 
from  his  mastery  both  of  scholarly  and  vernacular  Japanese,  his  profound 
insight  into  what  was  in  the  minds  of  his  hearers,  his  power  of  illustration, 
his  knowledge  of  human  nature,  the  flavor  of  mysticism  in  his  tempera- 
ment, and  his  close  acquaintance,  both  critical  and  familiar,  with  the  Bible — 
these  account  in  a  manner  for  his  marvelous  power  over  audiences,  but  above 
all  he  was  a  great  preacher  in  Japanese,  because  he  seemed  to  be  anointed 
with  the  Holy  Spirit  so  that  his  speech  was  ever  full  of  weight,  point,, 
unction  and  power. 

In  1889  he  visited  America  and  Holland,  speaking  in  many  of  the 
churches,  seeing  his  native  village  of  Zeist,  enjoying  publicly  the  opportunity 
of  using  his  mother  tongue  in  awakening  missionary  interest,  whether  speak- 
ing in  the  Groote  Kerk  in  Delft  or  in  the  humblest  meeting  house.  In  1891 
we  find  him  again  in  Tokio  lecturing  four  hours  a  week  in  the  Nobles 
School,  preaching  on  Sunday,  busy  on  Bible  translation,  and  helping  to  steer 
the  gospel  ship  safely  through  the  currents  of  ultra-nationalism  and  amid 
the  rocks  of  rationalism,  both  of  the  old  native  and  of  the  newer  foreign 


TFIE    MINISTRY  ^JT^ 

sort.  He  lived  to  see  the  complete  Bible  in  Japanese.  In  beauty,  clearness, 
and  heart-moving  language,  it  has  been  said  that  "above  this  great  tableland 
of  divine  truth  in  the  vernacular,  the  book  of  Psalms,  on  which  he  spent 
nine  years,  stands  up,  much  as  Fujiyama  rears  itself  above  the  lower  peaks." 

He  aged  visibly  during  the  last  \'ear  of  his  life,  and  in  October,  1897,  his 
physician,  much  to  his  profound  sorrow,  forbade  any  further  evangelistic 
tours.  He  preached  for  the  last  time  on  the  night  of  February  26th,  1898. 
One  of  his  latest  works  was  the  preparation  of  an  address  in  English 
to  His  Majesty  on  the  occasion  of  the  presentation  of  a  handsome  copy  of 
the  Bible  in  Japanese,  on  which  many  scholars  had  labored  more  or  less 
during  a  generation.  After  his  sudden  and  easy  death,  on  March  10,  1898, 
some  of  the  highest  noI)lemen  and  officers  in  the  empire  attended  the  funeral 
services  in  the  Shiba  Church,  which  took  place  three  days  later  on  the  twen- 
ty-sixth anniversary  of  the  organization  of  the  First  Reformed  Church 
■organized  in  Japan  (the  edifice  standing  on  Commodore  Perry's  treaty 
ground  at  Yokohama ) .  In  Tokio  the  Emperor  presented  five  hundred  yen 
to  pay  the  funeral  expenses,  and  ordered  two  companies  of  soldiers,  veterans 
of  the  Imperial  Guard,  to  escort  his  body  to  the  grave.  The  burial  lot  was 
deeded  to  Dr.  \'erbeck's  family  by  the  city  government  of  Tokio.  "Claimed 
by  three  nations  but  a  citizen  of  none,  he  has  found  for  his  weary  body  a 
final  resting  place  in  Japan,  and  Japan  has  not  failed  to  show  due  appre- 
ciation of  the  honor."  See  "The  Japan  Evangelist"  for  1898,  and  the 
biography,  an  octavo,  entitled  "Verbeck  of  Japan  :  A  Citizen  of  No  Coun- 
try," by  Rev.  W'm.  Elliot  Griffis,  D.D.,  New  York,   1900. 

Publications:  The  "fit  audience  though  few"  for  Mr.  Verbeck's  writ- 
ings was  made  up,  in  earlier  years,  of  young  men  who  helped  to  make,  and 
■of  the  statesmen  in  the  government  of  Japan.  His  manuscripts  and  trans- 
lations were  too  many  to  be  noted  here.  One  of  the  former  is  an  elaborate 
study  of  the  Greek  text  of  the  gospels,  showing  the  author  a  master  of 
both  textual  and  literary, criticism.  He  was  one  of  a  staff  of  writers  who 
produced  "An  Outline  History  of  Japanese  Education,"  prepared  for  the 
Centennial  Exposition,  1876.  "Classical  Poetry  of  the  Japanese" — a  notable 
article  in  the  "Chrysanthemum"  (magazine),  Yokohama,  18S1  ;  "History 
of  Protestant  Missions  in  Japan,"  Yokohama,  1883,  pp.  163;  Letters  to  the 
"Christian  Intelligencer."  "A  Synopsis  of  all  the  Conjugations  of  the  Jap- 
anese \'erb,"  pp.  95,  Yokohama,  1887. 

Verbryck,  Samuel,  studied  under  J.  Leydt,  J.  H.  Goetschius,  Vanderlinde, 
and  perhaps  T.  Frelinghuysen,  of  Albany;  lie.  by  Coetus,  1749;  Tappan 
(Orange),  and  New  Hempstead  (now  Clarkstown),  1750-84,  d.  He 
was  one  of  the  original  trustees  of  Queen's  College. 

The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  very  reluctantly  gave  permission  for  his  ordin- 
ation in  America.  He  was  ever  a  firm  friend  of  the  Coetus  and  the  Amer- 
ican Classis,  and  helped  greatly  in  securing  ecclesiastical  independence. 
He  was  clerk  of  the  last  regular  meeting  of  the  Coetus.  when  the  resolve 
was  made  to  get  the  votes  of  the  churches  respecting  a  Classis.  He  greatly 
furthered  this  scheme,  while  Ritzema  opposed  it.  (Ritzema).  As  clerk 
he  had  a  right  to  the  Minute-Book  of  Coetus,  but  it  was  generally  left  in 
New  York  for  convenience  and  safe-kee])ing,  and  hence  it  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  Conferentie,  who  recorded  their  own  minutes  thenceforth  in 
this  volume,  1755-1767.  Probably  the  Coetus  expected  to  secure  the  book 
again,  and  transcribe  their  minutes  therein,  but  this  was  never  accom- 
plished, and  hence  the  minutes  of  the  American  Classis,  1755-1771.  are  lost. 
The  facts  in  general,  however,  may  be  understood  from  the  voluminous 
Amsterdam  correspondence.  \'erbryck  was  one  of  the  eleven  who  signed 
the  conlmission  of  Rev.  Theodore  Frelinghuysen,  1755,  to  go  to  Holland 
to  secure  funds  for  a  university.  While  the  latter  was  in  Europe,  1759-61, 
followed  by  Hardenbergh  of  kindred  spirit.  1761-3,  and  while  Ritzema  and 
Leydt  were  writing  their  pamphlets  /to  and  con  respecting  ecclesiastical 
independence.  1761-5,  \'erbryck  was  laboring  with  untiring  zeal  to  secure  a 


574  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

charter  from  the  Governor  of  New  Jersey  for  a  distinctively  Dutch  literary 
institution.  Failing  the  first  time,  he  tried  a  second  and  a  third  from  suc- 
cessive Governors,  until  he  succeeded,  and  the  charter  for  such  an  institu- 
tion was  signed  May  lo,  1766,  to  be  called  Queen's  College,  so  as  not  to  be 
outdone  in  loyalty  to  the  English  crown  by  King's  College,  in  New  York. 
But  by  the  time  this  success  was  gained,  the  great  controversy  and  lawsuit 
in  New  York  respecting  the  introduction  of  English  preaching  had  taken 
place,  and  been  decided  against  the  Dutch  party.  (De  Ronde).  It  became 
obvious  that  a  mistake  had  been  made  in  the  proposed  character  of  the 
institution,  and  after  four  more  years  of  waiting  and  labor,  another  char- 
ter, more  liberal  and  unsectarian  in  character,  was  secured.  This  is  dated 
March  20,  1770.  (Rutgers  College).  It  would  have  been  more  natural 
to  locate  this  institution  for  the  Dutch  Church  in  New  York  State  along 
the  banks  of  the  Hudson,  where  the  majority  of  the  Dutch  resided.  The 
nver  also  would  always  have  been  a  convenient  highway.  But  there  was 
no  prospect  of  success  in  securing  another  institution  in  New  York,  and 
in  the  choice  between  Hackensack  and  New  Brunswick,  the  latter  location 
was  finally  decided  on,  although  at  the  ver_v  southwestern  extreme  of  the 
Dutch  Church,  in  view  of  the  German  Reformed  element  in  Pennsylvania, 
which  was  also  under  the  care  of  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  This  one- 
sided location  led,  soon  after  the  Revolution,  to  the  founding  of  Union 
College  at  Schenectady.     (Union  College). 

Verbryck's  character  is  indicated  by  his  untiring  zeal  as  above  exhibited. 
Yet  this  very  zeal  for  a,  literary  institution,  so  necessary  for  the  ministry, 
offended  many  of  his  people,  so  that  they  refused  to  pay  salary  to  him! 
He  also  opposed  all  forms  of  prayer,  and  the  celebration  of  the  festival 
days,  which  conduct  was  then  considered  a  great  innovation.  The  Con- 
ferentie  wrote  to  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam  bitterly  against  him,  urging 
them  to  take  him  in  hand.  They  declared  that  if  he  got  a  charter  for  an 
American  institution,  it  would  tend  to  the  increase  of  the  same  kind  of 
ministers!  (Numbers  xi.  29).  "Ecc.  Rec,  N.Y."  "Minutes  of  Coetus." 
"Centennial  Discs."  62,  75-91.  See  "Cole's  Hist.  Ch.  Tappan,"  1894. 
Verbrycke,  I.  Russell  (son-in-law  of  Rev.  T.  C.  Easton).  b.  New  Bruns- 
wick, N.J.,  Nov.  5,  i860:  R.C.  81,  N.B.S.  84,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Preakness, 
84-7,  Piermont,  87-93  (Washington,  D.C.,  Gurley  Memorial  Presb.  ch.), 

1893 

Verburg,  James  A.     H.C.  1910,  .T.S.  1913.     Grand  Haven,  Mich.,  2d,  1914- 

IS.     (Pres.,  Boston,  Mass.,  1915 ). 

Ver  Hulst,  Anthony  L.,  b.  Drenthe,  Mich.,  Sept.  9,  1886.     H.C.  1910,  N.B.S. 

1910-11.     Pres.  Sem.  of  Kentuckv,  1911-12. 
Vermeule,  Cor.  C,  b.  1786;    Q.C.   1812,  N.B.S.   14,  1.  CI.  N.B.;    Tutor  in 
R.C.   12-14,  Prof,  of  Langs,  in  Queen's  Col.   14-15;    Harlem,   16-36,  d. 
1859,  Jan.  15.     D.D. 
When  he  resigned  his  pastorate  in   1836,  on  account  of   impaired  health, 
the  Consistory  voted  him  a  year's  salary,  as  a  mark  of  their  respect  and 
esteeln.     He  was  tall  and  slender  in  appearance,  grave,  reserved,  and  digni- 
fied in  manner,  a  good  preacher,  and  an  earnest  and  faithful  pastor,  of  more 
than   usual   modesty   and   humility   of    spirit,   and   of    great   tenderness   and 
sensibility  of  feeling. — "Mandeville's  Hist.  Dis.,"  1875. 
Vermeule,  Frederick.     Q.C.  1814,  N.B.S.  1814-16,  d.  Jan.  30,  1865. 
Vermilve.  Ashbel   G.    (s.  of  T.   E.  Vermilve).  b.  at  Princeton,  N.J.,   1822; 
.       N.Y.U.  40,  N.B.S.  44,  1.  CI.  N.Y.;    ord.  by  Presbyt.  Albany,  45,  (Little 
Falls.  N.Y.,  .15-50,  Newburyport,  Mass.,  50-63)  ;    Utica,  63-71  ;    Schenec- 
tady, 71-6,  Chaplain  of  the  Marine  Chapel.  Antwerp.  Belgium;    sailed, 
March  26,  79;    79-82,  w.  c.     d.  July  9,  1905.     D.D.,  R.C.  i860. 
After  retiring  from  the  pastorate  he*  was  very  active  in  the  larger  work 
of  the  Denomination.    For  19  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Direc- 
tion.    He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Committee  on  Hymnology,  which  pre- 
pared the  "Hymns  of  the  Church"  and  "Hymns  of   Prayer  and   Praise." 


THE   MINISTRY  575 

He  was  a  member  of  the  N.Y.  Hist.  Society  and  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Huguenot  Society.  He  possessed  an  analytic  mind,  finely  balanced  judg- 
ment and  splendid  oratorical  powers.  He  had  a  genial  wit  and  courtesy 
and  a  Christ-like  gentleness  which  endeared  him  to  all  who  knew  him.  See 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1906,  608. 

Plblic.'XTIo.ns  :  Many  articles  in  various  papers,  addresses,  etc.  For  list 
see  Manual,    1902. 

Vermilye,  Dupuytren.  b.  Sept.  16,  1833,  at  Hopewell,  N.Y.;    R.C.  60,  N.B.S. 
63.  1.  CI.  I'oughkeepsie;    ord.  by  CI.  Alich.  63;    Miss,  to  Jefferson  and 
Pittsford.  63-65,   ^liss.  at   Palisades,  65-8    (also   Cong,  ch..   Fort   Lee, 
b/S),   (Guilderland,  Presbyt.,  69-71).     Supplying  churches,     d.  June  8, 
1907. 
Vermilye,  Thomas  E.,  I),  in  N.Y.C.,  Feb.  27,  1803;    Y.C.  21,  Princeton,  25, 
1.  Presbyt.  N.Y.  1825   (Vandewater  St.,  N.Y.C.,  Presbyt.,  26-30,  West 
Springfield,  Mass.,  Cong..  30-35)  ;    Albanv,  35-39-  New  York,  39-93,  d. 
March  17.     D.D.  by  R.C.  and  U.C,  1838;    S.T.D.  by  C.C.  1875;    LL.D. 
by  Jeff.  C,  1857.     Elected  trustee  of  R.C,  1849. 
His  early  ancestors  were  Walloons,  who  took   refuge   in   London   in  the 
latter  part  of  the  i6th  century,  and  thence  removed  to  Leyden.     They  came 
to  this   country   in    1662,  and   settled   first   at   New   Amstel    (New   Castle), 
Delaware,  and  afterward  at  Harlem.     The  family  name  is  honorably  asso- 
ciated with  the  early  history  of   New  York,  and  three  of   Dr.   Vermilye's 
brothers   were    long   prominent   as   bankers   of    high   ability   and    character. 
He  was  himself,  in  his  boyhood,  placed  in  a  lawyer's  office,  but  his  tastes 
inclined  him  to  the  study  of  theology,  which  he  studied  privately,  at  Prince- 
ton, under  the  instruction  of  some  of  the  professors.     He  was  called  to  the 
Collegiate    Church    in    New    York    in    1839.   being    installed    in    the    Middle 
Church,  as  the  Cedar  street  church  was  then  yet  called.     But  the  pulpit  in 
which   he   was   oftenest   heard,   and   to   which   he   gave   great   renown,   was 
that   of   the    New    Middle    Church   on    Lafayette   place    and    Fourth   street. 
His  colleagues.  Dr.  Knox.  'Dr.  Brownlee  and  Dr.  DeWitt,  were  all  at  that 
time  in  the  prime  of  their  years  and  usefulness.     But  Dr.  Vermilye  proved 
himself  worthy,  both  in  character  and  ability,-  to  be  associated  with  them. 
He   soon   ranked  among  the  most  attractive  and   popular   ministers  of   the 
city,  and  was  especially  noted  for  his  grace  of  manner  and  beauty  of  style. 
He  was  not  only  loyal  but  enthusiastic  in  his  devotion  to  the  Dutch  Church, 
with  whose  principles  and  methods  he  was  in  heartiest  sympathy.     He  per- 
formed his  share  of  its  classical  and  Synodical  work,  and  from   1849  until 
his    death   was    one    of    the    trustees    of    Rutgers    College.      As    the    senior 
minister  of  the  Dutch  Church  in  New  York  City,  he  was  one  of  the  trus- 
tees of  the  Leake  and  Watts  Orphan  House,  an  institution   in  whose  wel- 
fare he  took  a  very  deep  interest.     For  well  nigh  fifty  years  he  was  one  of 
the  chaplains  of  the  St.  Nicholas  Society.    For  many  years  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  important  "Committee  on  Versions"  of  the  American  Bible  Soci- 
ety, and  rendered  valuable  service  at  a  stirring  period,  until  his  resignation 
in  1857. 

Increasing  deafness  made  it  in  his  later  years  more  and  more  difficult 
for  him  to  conduct  public  worship  or  take  part  in  discussion,  and  he  was 
released  by  the  Consistory  from  the  active  service  of  the  church  after  the 
first  Sunday  in  May.  1869.  During  the  subsequent  twenty-four  years,  he 
lived  in  tranquillity  and  comfort,  occasionally  appearing  in  the  pulpit  or  on 
the  platfrom.  and  always  retaining  a  keen  interest  in  public  affairs,  and 
I)ossessing  a  singularly  correct  knowledge  of  what  was  taking  place  around 
him.  The  fiftieth  anniversary  of  his  installation  in  the  Collegiate  Church 
was  celebrated  by  an  imposing  service  on  the  29th  of  October.  1889.  in 
the  church  at  Fifth  avenue  and  Forty-eighth  street.  He  then  delivered  an 
address  which  showed  that  neither  his  mind  nor  his  spirit  had  been  weak- 
ened by  age.  He  was  in  the  ministry  sixtyrseven  years,  and  in  the  Col- 
legiate Church  ministry   for  fifty-four  years.     He  was  more  than  ninety 


576  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH   IN    AMERICA 

years  of  age  at  his  death.     See  "Collegiate  Ch.  Year  Book,"  1890,  94;  1898, 

643;    "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1893,  894. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C.,"  1893, 

3. — See  "Dr.  E.  B.  Coe's  Disc.  Commemmorative  of,"  1893.    Manual,  1902. 
Publications:    Many  Sermons,  Addresses,  Articles.    For  list  see  Manual, 

1902. 

Vernol,  Thos.  Powell,  b.  Orange  Co.,  N.Y.,  Jan.  31,  1856;    National  Sch. 
of  Elocution  and  Oratory,  Philadelphia,  89,  N.B.S.  92,  lie.  CI.  Passaic; 
Paterson,  ist,  1892-1920.    Pastor  Emeritus,  192c.    Pres.  P.S.,  N.B.,  1909. 
Bd.  Supt.,  N.B.S. ,  1906. 
Publications:    Articles  for  the  press. 

Verwey.  Daniel  George,  b.  Rochester,  N.Y.,  Feb.  26,  1878.  R.C.  1905.  N.B.S. 
1908,  1.  by  CI.  Rochester.  Wallkill,  1908-16,  N.Y.C.,  Union,  High 
Bridge,  1916 

Vetter,  G.,  Racine,  Wis.,  1892. 

Viele,  Jas.  Pattison,  b.  Saratoga,  N.Y..  Mar.  25,  1835;  U.C.  61,  P.S.  64, 
ord.  Presb.,  Troy,  67,  (S.S..  Caldwell.  N.Y.,  65-7,  at  Pittstown,  67-9), 
Schaghticoke,  69-72,  (Middle  Granville.  72-5.  Sand  Lake,  76-82,  Ver- 
non, 82-6,  Home  Miss,  in  Kansas,  87-99),  Northumberland  (Bacon 
Hill),  N.Y..  1899-1902,  d.  June  3.  1906.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1907,  918. 

Vis,  Jean  Abraham,  b.  Waddinxveen,  South  Holland,  Nov.  28,  1883;  H.C. 
1910,  W.T.S.  1913,  1.  by  CI.  Grand  River,  New  Sharon,  la.  1913-17, 
Morrison,  111.  Ebenezer  1917 . 

Visscher,  John,  H.S.   1877. 

Voegelin,  Chs.  Fred.  ^Nordt,  b.  Paterson,  N.J.,  Apr.  8,  1877;  Bloomfield 
Sem.  1901,  lie.  Presbyt.  of  Morris  and  Orange;  Central  Bridge  and 
Howes  Cave,  1900-1902,  Howe's  Cave  alone.  1902-04,  Brooklyn,  Ocean 
Hill  1904-09. 

Voerman,  Arthur  H.,  H.C.  1918,  N.B.S.  1921.  I.  and  Ord.  CI.  Monmouth 
1921,  Freehold,  N.J.  2d.  1921 . 

Volckmar,  Johann  Rheinhard,  Stone  Arabia,   1787-88. 

Vonck,  see  Funck,  French. 

Von  Pompl,  Rudolph,  Hudson,  Hungarian  1916-18. 

Von  Romondt,  see  Romondt. 

Von  Schlieder.  Albert  Henry  (son  of  F.E.  Schlieder),  b.  West  Leyden, 
N.Y.,  Jan.  13,  1869.  R.C.  '93,  N.B.S.  '96  1.  by  CI.  Montgomery;  Hurley 

1896-1903,  Montclair  Heights.  1903-10,  Hackensack,  ist,  1910 .    Also 

S.S.  Highwood,  N.J.   1915.     D.D.  by  Central  Col.  la.   1918,  Pres.  P.S. 
N.B.   1914,  Pres.   Bd.  of   Health,  Hackensack   1914-20,   Pres.   Bd.   Supt. 
N.B.   Sem.   1920-21,   Pres.  Health  Center,  Bergen  Co.   1919-22. 
Publications:     Articles  in  press.     • 

Voorberge,  J.P.J.K.  (same  as  Kruys-Voorberge.),  1.  by  CI.  Holland  1912, 
Ustick,  111.  1912-18,  Vesper,  Wis.  1918-21.  Left  for  the  Netherlands 
1921. 

Voorhees,    Henry    Martin,    b.    in    Hunterdon    Co..    N.J.,    1840;    R.C.    1859, 
N.B.S.  1863,  1.  CI.  Raritan,  1863;  Port  Jackson,  1863-5.  Bethlehem,  ist, 
•    1865-71,  North  and  South  Hampton,  1871-7,  Port  Jervis,  1877-9,  Belle- 
ville,  80-2    (Presbyt.),-  Helderberg,   86-89,    High   Bridge,    N.J.,   89-92. 
Died,  1895,  Nov.  20. 

Voorhees,  Henrv  V.,  b.  in  New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  Dec.  19.  1826;  R.C.  47, 
N.B.S.  50,  f.  CI.  N.B.  Geneva,  51-4,  Broome  St.,  N.Y.C.,  55-6,  Bound 
Brook,  Jan.  58-62,  Washington  Heights,  62-5,  South  Bushwick,  67-9, 
Nyack,  71-8,  w.  c.  (Presbyt.:  Princess  Ann,  Md.,  80-89,  Delaware 
Water  Gap,  91-95)  ;  died  Oct.  ic,  1897. 
When  only  about  ten  years  of  age,  to  please  his   mother,   he  committed 

in  one    Sabbath   afternoon   the   whole   of   the    119th   Psalm,   and   recited   it. 

He  united  with  a  Presbyterian  church  in  Princeton,  but  when  he  resolved 

to  studv  for  the  ministrv  he  turned  to  the  institutions  of  the  church  of  his 


THE   MINISTRY  577 

fathers.  He  was  a  most  brilliant  preacher.  Few  could  be  more  eloquent 
than  he.  But  he  was  obliged  to  contend  with  ill-health  through  all  his 
ministry.  Hence  he  was  obliged  to  rest  a  year  or  two  between  his  succes- 
sive charges.  His  several  congregations  always  parted  from  him  with 
great  regret.  Revivals  accompanied  him  in  every  field.  See  Manual,  1902. 
Voorhees,  John  Brownlee   (son  of  Wm.  Brownlee  Voorhees),  b.  Blawen- 

berg,  N.J.,  Jan.  27,  1875;  R.C.  96,  N.B.S.  99,  lie.  CI.  N.B.  Union  High 

Bridge,  N.Y.C.,  1899-1907,  Corresponding  Secretary  Bd.  D.M.  1907-12. 

(Congregational  1912-1919,  d.  Jan.).  D.D.,  R.C.,  1913. 
He  was  a  child  of  the  covenant  and  throughout  his  whole  life  he  adormed 
the  doctrines  of  grace.  As  secretary  of  the  Bd.  of  D.M.,  he  exercised  a 
remarkable  influence  over  the  churches  and  attracted  attention  to  himself 
by  his  consecrated  service.  This  led  to  a  call  to  an  important  church  in 
another  Denomination.  In  1918  he  gave  his  service  as  a  Y.M.C.A.  \yorker 
at  the  front.  Very  soon  he  was  wounded  and  after  a  tedious  period  of 
suffering  he  was  released  from  his  pain. 
Voorhees,  Louis  B.,  b.  Rocky  Hill,  N.J.,  June  10,  1847;    C.N.J.  1868,  student 

in  N.B.S.  1867-9,  Andover  Sem.  1871,  (Cong.  North  Weymouth,  Mass. 

1871-6,   Worcester,    ist   Cong.,   1877-80,   Saundersville,   Grafton,   Mass., 

1882-5,  Salem,  Mass.  1885-9,  Santa  Anna,  Cal.  1889-90,  Silverton,  Cal. 

1890-91,  North  Attleboro,   Mass.,   1892-3,  Groton,   Mass.,   1893-1901,  d. 

July  26.) 
Voorhees,    Oscar    McMurtrie,    b.    near    Somerville,    N.J.,    Dec.    29,    1864; 

R.C.   88,   N.B.S.  91,   1.   CI.   Raritan;    Three   Bridges,    1891-1903,   High 

Bridge,  N.J.  1903-09,  N.Y.C.  Mott  Haven  1909-22.     D.D.  Univ.  Miami 

191 1,  Vice  Pres.  Bd.  of  Publication,  Chairman  Evangs.  Com.,  Delegate 

to  Federal  Council  of  Chs.  of  Christ  in  America,  Sec.  and  Treas.  United 

Chapters  Phi  B.  K.,  1901 .    Editor  Phi  B.  K.  Key,  1910 

Publications:     Numerous  articles  in  the  press. 
Voorhees,  Stephen,  see  Van  Voorhees. 
Voorhees,  Wm.   Brownlee,  b.  at   Readington,   N.J.,   March   10,    1838;   R.C. 

60,    N.B.S.   63.    1.    CI'   Philadelphia;    Clover   Hill,   63-70;    Blawenburg, 

1870-92,  d.  June  13.     See  Manual,  1902. 
Voorhis,  Jacob  N.,  b.  1815  in  Bergen  Co.,  N.J.;  N.B.S.  1845,  1.  by  CI.  Ber- 

gen,  1845;   S.S.  Day,  1848-9.  Shokan,   1849-51,  Greenport,  1851-6,  S.S. 

Greenport,  1856-7,  Clove,  1857-66,  Esopus,  1867-80,  w.  c.     Died,  March 

9,  1889.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1889,  917. 
Voskuil,  Henry  John,  b.  Cedar  Grove,  Wis.,  Feb.  10,  1880;  Macalester,  Col. 

St.  Paul  1904,  Ch.  Ref.  Sem.  Grand  Rapids  and  P.S.  1907,  1.  by  CI. 

Newark,  Ch.  Ref.  Ch.  1907,  Ord.  by  CI.  Newark  1907.     Missionary  to 

China,  1907 

Vredenhurgh,  John  Shureman,  b.  Mar.  20,   1776;  Q.C.  1794,  studied  under 

Livingston,  1.  CI.   N.Y.    1798;    Raritan,   1800-21,  d.   Oct.  4.     Elected  a 

trustee  of  Q.C.  1800. 
Among  the  good  men  who  have  served  the  churches  in  Somerset  County, 
the  name  of  John  S.  Vredenburgh  will  always  find  a  record  which  will  be 
savory,  affectionate  and  kind.  He  was  an  evangelical  and  useful  preacher, 
and  his  labors  in  the  end  were  greatly  blessed.  He  at  least  sowed  the  seed 
of  a  most  abundant  harvest. — Rev.  Dr.  Ab.  Messier.  "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iv. 
71.  "Sprague's  Annals,"  Vol.  ix.  See  also  Walsh,  "The  Martyred  Mis- 
sionaries," ix.,  107,  201. 
Vroom,  Wm.  Henry,  b.  in  Somerset  Co.,  N.J..   184c;   R.C.  62,  N.B.S.  65, 

1.    CI.    Raritan;    Hoboken,    65-7,    Davenport,    67-9    (La    Cynge,    Kan. 

Presbyt..    69-74)  :    Clove,    74-87,    Paramus,    1887-1906,    P.E.    1906 . 

S.S.,  Hawthorne,  N.J.,   1909-14,  Acting  Cor.   Sec,  Bd.   D.M.,   1906-08, 

Trustee  Lake  George  Chapel,  Ass.  at  Sabbath  Day  Point,  1884,  and  Pres. 

since  1895.    D.D.,  H.C.,  1898. 
PuBLic.'VTioNS :     History  of    Classis   of    Paramus,    1900.     Many  articles 
for  the  press.     See  Manual,  1902. 


578  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Vrooman,  Barent,  b.  in  Schenectady,  Dec.  24,  1725;  studied  with  Cor.  Van 
Santvoord  and  T.   FreUnghuysen ;   University  of   Utrecht,    1750-2;   lie. 
CI.    Utrecht.   June   7,    1752   ord.    CI.    Amsterdam,   July   3,    1752;    New 
Paltz,   Shawangunk  and   Montgomery    (Wallkill),   1753-4,   Schenectady, 
1754-83,   d.    Nov.    15.     He   was   one   of    the  original   trustees   of    Q.C. 
also  S.S.  Fonda  1758-72. 
He  was  the  son  of  Walter  Vrooman,  and  great-grandson  of  Hendrik,  the 
immigrant.     This    Hendrik,   and   two   sons,   Adam   and   Bartholomew,   with 
the  wife  and  infant  son  of  Adam,  were  slain  and  burned  at  Schenectady, 
Feb.  9,  1690,  in  the  Indian  massacre.     He  went  to  Holland  to  complete  his 
education.     The  Classis  of  Amsterdam  had  great  doubt  whether  the  sign- 
ers of  his  call  to  New  Paltz  had  legal  right  to  call  him.     Nevertheless  he 
was  ordained  with  the  earnest  wish  repeatedly  expressed  in  different  letters 
that  he   might  be   cordially  received,  and  that   his   ministry   might  be   con- 
ducive to  the  building  up  of  the  kingdom  of  Christ.     His  ministry,  however, 
in  Ulster  County  was  short.     In  returning  from  Europe,  in  company  with 
Schuneman  and  the  two   Frelinghuysens,   Ferdinand  and  Jacobus,  that  sad 
event  occurred  which  so  greatly  influenced  the  desire  for  ecclesiastical  inde- 
pendence, viz.,  the  death  of  the  Frelinghuysens  of  small-pox  at  sea.     Vroo- 
man also  was  attacked,  but  recovered.     This  circumstance  naturally   made 
him  a  firm  friend  of  the  Coetus,  and  he  signed  the  commission  of  Freling- 
huysen   to  go   to   Europe  to  collect   funds    for  an   American   institution   of 
learning.     During  his   long  and   laborious   pastorate  at   Schenectady   he   re- 
ceived  more   than   400   members   in   the   church,    married   358   couples,   and 
performed  3,451  baptisms.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Vruwink,  Henry  Andrew,  b.  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  April  29,  1886;  H.C. 
1910,  N.B.S.  1913,  1.  by  CI.  Michigan.  Missionary  to  Indians,  Colony 
Okl,   1913-17,   Columbia  Memorial,   Okl.    1914-17,   Grand   Haven,   Mich. 

2d,  1917 

Vyverberg,  Henry  J.,  b.  Rochester,  N.Y.,  May  25,  1878;  R.C.  1901,  N.B.S. 
1904,  Hurley,  N.Y.  1904-11,  S.S.  Marbletown  2d.  1904-11.  Marlboro, 
N.Y.  1912-14.     (Congregational). 

Waalkes,  A.  H.,  b.  German  Valley,  111.,  Feb.  2,  1889;  Mission  House  Col. 
Wis.    1913,  W.T.S.    1916,   1.  by  CI.   Pleasant   Prairie,    1916,    Delaware, 

Lennox,  S.D.,  1916-18,  Belmond,  la.,  Emmanuel,  1918 

Wabeke,  Cornelius,  b.  in  Zeeland,   Mich.,   1854;    H.C.  74,  H.S.  T/,  lie.   CI. 
Holland;  Marion,  77-80,  d.  Feb.  21.     See  Sketches  in  "Ch.   Int.,"  Mar. 
18  and  25,  i88c. 
(Wack,  Casper,  b.   1752;   Tohicken,   Indian   Field,  and  Great   Swamp,   Pa., 
1 771 -3,  the  same   Nacomixen,   1773-82,   German   Valley,   Fox  Hill,   and 
Rockaway,  N.J.,  1782-1809;    also  supplied  at  this  time  Stillwater,  Hard- 
wick  and  Knowlton,  N.J.,  Germantown  and  Whitemarsh,  Pa.,   1809-21, 
Whitemarsh,   21-3,   d.    1839.     Of   these   then   Ger.   Ref.   Chs.   Fox   Hill 
is  now  Presbyterian,  and  Rockaway  is  the   Ref.   D.   Ch.  of   Lebanon). 
.  Some  accounts  continue  him  at   Lebanon   until    1813. 
His  father,  John  George  Wack,  came  to  Philadelphia  in  1748,  from  Wit- 
tenberg,  his   native   place.     Besides    Casper,   another    son,    John    Jacob,    en- 
tered  the   ministry,   having   labored   in   the    Reformed    (Dutch)    Church   at 
Fort  Plain.     Casper  studied  under  Dr.  Weyberg,  beginning  in  his  eleventh 
year.     His   talents   were   remarkable.     He    received   calls   at   the   early   age 
of  eighteen   (1770),  but  his  licensure  and  ordination  were  deferred  till  the 
Classis  in  Holland  could  be  consulted.     Very   favorable  reports  were  sent 
over   concerning   him.     He   was   invited   to   visit    Europe,   without   expense, 
but  declined.     He  was  very  extensively  useful   in   New  Jersey    (Somerset, 
Morris,   and    Hunterdon    Counties),   having   a   very   large   field   among   the 
Germans  who  had   settled   there  as  early  as    1707.     These   people  had   fled 
from  Rhenish  Prussia  to  Holland  in  1705,  and  in  1707  embarked  for  New 
York.     Adverse   winds   took   them   to    Philadelphia,   and   in    crossing    New 


THE   MINISTRY  579 

Jersey  they  were  attracted  by  the  beautiful  valleys,  and  settled  there. 
Hence  Germantown,  German  Valley,  etc.  Most  of  their  descendants  have 
passed  into  Presbyterian  and  Reformed  (Dutch)  churche.«,  since  German 
ministers  could  not  be  supplied  them  from  Pennsylvania.  (See  "Minutes 
of  CI.  New  Brunswick,"  1813.)  He  was  a  man  of  great  physical  elasticity 
and  agility.  He  had  no  taste  for  speculative  theology,  but  was  eminently 
practical.  His  perceptions  were  quick,  his  wit  keen,  and  his  conversation 
exceedingly  sprightly ;  he  was  resolute,  energetic,  and  persevering.  With 
advancing  age  he  would  not  cease  preaching,  until  infirmities  compelled 
him.  He  was  a  man  of  prayer,  and  had,  in  all  his  declining  years,  full 
assurance  of  faith.  He  reached  the  age  of  87.  He  was  a  warm  patriot  in 
the  Revolution.  (His  son,  Geo.  Wack,  spent  his  whole  ministry  in  G.R.C.) 
— "Harbaugh's  Lives,"  ii.  406.     "Dubbs,"  32;^. 

Wack,  Chs.  P.  (grandson  of  Casper  Wack)  ;  b.  1807;  N.B.S.  1829;  Caroline, 
31,   Bellona,  31-5,  Lebanon.  35-40,   Trenton,    ist,  41-4    (G.R.C. ).  45-52, 
d.  1866. 
Publications:     Sketches    of    prominent    ministers    in    R.D.C.      MSS. — 
See  "Sprague's  Annals"  R.D.C,  p.  iv. 

Wack,   John   J.    (brother  of   Casper   Wack),   b.   in   Philadelphia,   June    14, 
1774;  studied  with  his  brother;    (Amwell,  N.J.,  1798-1803,  also  supplied 
Knowlton   (Stillwater)   and  Hardwick),   1798-1805,  Fort  Plain   (Cana- 
joharie).   and    Stone    Arabia,    1803-14,    suspended,    1816;    (independent. 
Canajoharie.  and   Stone  Arabia,   1816-27 ;   preached  in  the  independent 
church  at  Tillaborough  for  several  years ;  d.  at  Ephratah.  N.Y.,  May 
26.  1851). 
He  studied  theology  with  his  brother  Casper,  while  the  latter  was  settled 
in  German  Valley,  N.J.     His  churches  on  the  Mohawk  were  originally  Ger- 
man,   but    were    finally    brought    into    the    Dutch    communion.     During    his 
chaplaincy  in   the  army  of  the  North,  his  churches   fell   into  disorder,  and 
ultimately  he  stood  as  an  independent  minister,  over  two  churches,  on  the 
Mohawk. 

He  was  a  man  of  commanding  personal  appearance,  rather  above  the  or- 
dinary stature,  and  proportionately  heavy  and  full  in  his  corporeal  develop- 
ment. His  eye  and  countenance  were  expressive  of  a  certain  undauntedness 
of  character,  mingled  with  much  vivacity  and  humor ;  and  when  he  opened 
his  mouth  to  speak,  you  were  not  disappointed  in  these  indications.  He  was 
a  ready  and  fluent  speaker  in  both  German  and  English.  He  was  prompt 
and  decided  in  action,  once  during  the  war  (of  1812)  taking  the  sword  of 
the  commanding  officer,  and  compelling  the  men  to  obedience,  when  the 
officer  had  failed. 

He  was  remarkably  popular  and  influential,  yet  somewhat  rarely  unfortu- 
nate. He  became  intemperate,  and  though  suspended,  continued  to  exer- 
cise the  ministry  until  his  death.  His  churches  refused  to  have  their  pul- 
pits declared  vacant,  received  Mr.  Wack  in  their  houses,  and  bade  him 
God-speed.  He  resembled  more  a  bishop  in  his  diocese  than  an  ordinary 
country  pastor.  He  was  the  last  of  the  ministers  of  the  old  Sand  Hill 
church  of  Canajoharie,  the  church  parsonage  and  glebe  having  been  sold 
to  pay  claims  for  salary. — "Harbaugh's  Lives,"  ii.  406. 

Wacker,  Geo.  Gottfried,  b.  Newark,  N.J.,  July  4,  1875;  Bloomfield  Sem. 
98,  lie.  and  ord.  by  Presbyt.  of  Newark;  Assist,  pastor  in  Ger.  ch. 
Ave.   B.   N.Y.C.,   99-1900, .  St.   Peter's,   Brooklyn,    1900-1917,   also   S.S., 

German  Evangelical.  Manhattan  1917-1919,  Brooklyn.  Trinity,  1919 . 

Sec.  House  of  Aged.  Chauncey  St.,  Brooklyn,  Sec.  Orphan  Asylum  Soc. 
Jamaica,  L.L 
Wadsworth,  Charles,  b.  in  Litchfield,  Ct.,  May  8,  1814;  U.C.  37,  P.S.  40; 
(Troy,  2d,  Presbyt.,  42-50,  Philadelphia,  Arch  St.,  50-62,  Calvary  ch., 
San  Francisco,  Cal.,  62-9);  Ref.  D.  ch.,  Philadelphia,  69-73;  (Im- 
manuel  Presbyterian  Ch.  formed  by  the  attempted  union  of  the  3d 
R.D.C.   and   the   Western    Presbyt.    Ch.,    73-76.     The    R.D.    Ch.    being 


580  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

separated  by  law,  the  adherents  of  Dr.  Wadsworth  were  invited  by 
the  Chnton  Ct.  Church  to  worship  with  them,  76-8 ;  their  formal  union 
took  place  in  1878,  under  the  name  of  the  Clinton  Street  Immanuel  Ch., 
79-82.  Dr.  Wadsworth  died,  1882,  Apr.  ist. 
In  1873,  during  his  pastorate  of  the  3d  Reformed  Dutch  Church  in 
Philadelphia  (situated  on  the  corner  of  Tenth  and  Filbert  streets,  and 
known  as  the  Bethune  Church),  that  congregation  resolved  to  unite  with  the 
Western  Presbyterian  Church,  under  the  name  of  Immanuel  Presbyterian 
Church.  This  led  to  a  protracted  legal  contest,  1873-75.  It  was  finally 
decided  that  the  church  edifice  and  other  property  could  not  be  carried 
into  different  ecclesiastical  connection,  but  must  "remain  in  fulfillment 
of  the  trust  established  by  its  founders,  'a  temple  for  the  worship  of 
Almighty  God  after  the  order  of  the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  of  North 
America.'  "  It  was  the  effort  to  carry  this  church  forcibly  out  of  the 
Reformed  Dutch  denomination,  and  its  acceptance  by  the  Presbytery  of 
Philadelphia  which  was  largely  responsible  for  the  defeat  of  the  attempt 
at  union  of  the  two  denominations  in  1874.  The  union  tide  was  then  run- 
ning very  strong,  and  the  expectation  of  successfully  uniting  the  two 
bodies  was  very  great.  The  General  Synod  met  in  Poughkeepsie,  in  1874, 
and  the  debate  was  there  carried  on.  (See  speeches  in  full,  in  the  "Chris- 
tian Intelligencer,"  June  and  July,  1874.)  Rev.  H.D.  Ganse's  speech  for 
union  was  a  remarkable  effort,  and  is  worthy  of  special  publication  as  a 
classic  on  this  subject.  Party  feeling  ran  high.  It  was  generally  under- 
stood at  the  time  that  the  report  of  the  efforts  made  to  transfer  this  3d 
church,  in  rather  an*  arbitrary  manner,  defeated  the  effort  for  the  re- 
appointment of  the  committee  to  take  measures  to  consummate  the  union. 
Dr.  Wadsworth  was  an  earnest  and  eloquent  preacher,  and  in  his  palmy 
days  had  few  equals  in  the  pulpit.  He  always  came  to  his  Sabbath  minis- 
trations thoroughly  prepared,  with  his  mind  and  heart  deeply  imbued  with, 
his  subject,  and  his  whole  soul  intent  on  so  presenting  the  truth  as  to 
reach  the  hearts  and  consciences  of  his  hearers.  In  later  years  his  de- 
livery was  rendered  less  effective  by  some  partial  failure  of  the  vocal 
organs,  but  his  discourses  never  lost  their  freshness  or  vigor.  His  later 
sermons  were  characterized  by  the  same  beautiful  imagery  and  brilliancy 
of  thought  that  made  his  ministry  so  popular  a  quarter  of  a  century  before. 
Dr.  Wadsworth  was  a  lineal  descendant  of  Joseph  W'adsworth,  who 
secreted  the  Charter  of  the  Connecticut  Colony  in  the  famous  Charter  Oak 
at  Hartford.)  D.D.  by  See  "Minutes  of  the  Classis  of  Philadel- 
phia," 1873,  onward.  "Minutes  of  Gen.  Syn.,"  1873,  615,  617,  721,  and  on-, 
ward  for  many  years.  See  case  of  3d  Ref .  Ch.,  Philadelphia ;  Master's 
Report  and  Exceptions;  8vo,  pp.  42,  1873.  (In  Court  of  Common  Pleas; 
in  Equity.) 

Publications:  "Christian  Influence:  Grace  and  Works  United." 
1858. — "Mother's  Sorrow"  :  Disc,  to  Young  Men.  1865. — ^"America's  Mis- 
sion" :  a  Thanksgiving  Disc. — "Thankfulness  and  Character"  :  Two  Discs. — 
"Politics  in  Religion." — Thanksgiving  Sermon.  1861. — Ser.  on  Death  of 
Chs.  Lyman,  Esq.     1848.     A  volume  of  Sermons,  1869. 

Wagner,   John   Martin,   b.  at   Flonheim,   in  the   Palatinate,   July  8,   1826,   c. 

to  America  44,  R.C.  53,  N.B.S.  56,  1.  CI.  N.Y.,  Silver  Creek,  111.,  56-61. 

S.S.  at    West   Leyden,   62-63,   Melrose   63-66,    Ger.    Evang.,    Brooklyn, 

E.D.,  66-94,  d.  Jan.  21. 

He  was  devoted  to  the  evangelization  of  the  German  people  of  Brooklyn. 

See  Manual,  1902. 

Wagner,    Paul,    b.    Brooklyn,    N.Y.,    May    6,    1895 ;    Bloomfield    Academy, 

Bloomfield    Sem.    1919,    1.    L.I.    Conference    1919,     (Bapt.,    Malverne, 

N.Y.  1918-20),  Lebanon,  N.J.  1920 . 

Wahl,  Henry  J.,  b.  Frankenberg,  Hessen,  Germany,  Sept.  14,  1875 ;  Bloom- 
field Acd.  Dept.  1903,  Theo.  Dept.  1906,  1.  by  Pres.  Newark  1906, 
(Missionary  German  Pres.  Ch.,  S.I.,  1906-08),  Raritan,  4th,  Ger.,  N.J., 


THE   MINISTRY  581 

1908-18,  Flatbush,  L.I.  2d.  1918 — — .     Instructor  Theo.  Sem.  Bloomfield 
1907-09. 

Walden,  Islay  (colored),  N.B.S.  1879,  lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.  N.B.  July  i, 
1879;  evangeli.st  at  Lassater  Mills,  N.C.,  79-84,  d.  See  "Ch.  Int.," 
Nov.  II,  1880,  p.  9. 

Waldron,  Charles  E.,  b.  Nyack,  N.Y.,  March  21,  1872;  Wesleyan  Univ. 
1902,  Ord.  by  Wyoming  Con.  M.E.  Ch.  1902,  (M.E.  pastorate  1902-09), 
Brookdale,  N.J.  1909-1921. 

Waldron,   Chs.   Newman,   b.   Albany,   N.Y.,   Dec.   25,    1821    (?);    U.C.   46, 

P.S.  49   (S.S.  East  Hampton,  N.Y.,  49)  ;  ord.  CI.  Watervliet,  Oct.  3, 

1849;    Cohoes,   49-79,    S.S.    Hillsdale,    Mich.,    79-81.     Died    at   Detroit, 

Mar.  2,  .1888.     D.D.  by  U.C.  1871. 

He  was  a  man  who  made  his  church  grow.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Publication  :     Address   at    Quarter-Century   Anniversary   of    Settlement 

of  Dr.  I.  N.  Wyckoff,  of  Albany.     1862. 

Wales,  E.  Vine,  b.  181 6.  Oneida  Int.  39,  Auburn  Sem.  43.  From  Otsego 
Presbytery,   1859;    Spraker's  Basin,  59-61;    died  1878. 

Wall,  John  J.  (possibly  the  same  as  Wack),  1.  1803;   Stone  Arabia,  1803. 

Wallace,  A.V.S.     Presbyterian.     Greenburgh,   N.Y.    1811-18.     Presbyterian. 

Wallace,  Wm.  G.  F.,  b.  at  Kingstree,  S.C.,  Jan.  22.  1852;  Davidson  Col. 
1873,  N.B.S.  1876,  1.  by  Presbytery  of  East  Alabama  1875.  Presbyterian 
d.  June  3,  1901. 

Walser,  Oliver  Harris,  b.  Tompkinsville,  S.I.,  1856;  R.C.  75,  N.B.S.  78, 
I.  CI.  N.Y. ;  studying  theology  in  Edinburgh,  Bonn  and  Leipzig,  78-81, 
Boonton,  81-2,  Prospect  Hill,  83-8,  Jamaica,  88-90,  Cohoes,   1891-1921. 

Also    supplying   Boght,    1893-1921,    Mariner's    Harbor,    N.Y.    1921 . 

S.C.  CI.  of  Saratoga.     D.D.  by  R.C.  190c. 

Walser,  Theodore  Demarest  (son  of  Rev.  O.  H.  Walser),  b.  N.Y.C.,  Aug. 
3,  1888;  U.C.  1910,  N.B.S.  1911-12,  U.T.S.  1912-14.  Ord.  by  Classis  of 
Saratoga  1914,  (Pres,  Ch.  Morristown,  N.J.,  Ass.  Pa.stor  1914-16), 
Missionary  to  Japan,  1916 — — 

Walter,  Andrew  Judson,  b.  Warrington,  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  Apr.  12,  1869; 
R.C.  97,  N.B.S.  1900,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;  Gallatin,  N.Y.,  1900-1902,  Harlingen, 
N.J.  1902-10,  Philadelphia,  4th.  1910-12,  Addisville,  Pa.  1912-20,  North 
Hackensack,   N.J.    1920 .     S.C.   CI.   Philadelphia   1908-20. 

Walvoord,  William  C,  b.  Cedar  Grove,  Wis.,  Dec.  27,  1883  ;  H.C.  1908,  W.T.S. 
191 1,  1.  by  CI.  Wis.,  Byron  Centre,  Mich.  1911-14,  Hamilton,  Mich  ist 
1914-1918,  Waupun,  Wis.    1918-22,  Jamestown,   Mich.  2d,   1922 

Walz,  Ernest  L.,  b.  Brooklyn,  N.Y.  Columbia  College,  4  years,  U.T.S.  1893- 
97,  1.  and  ord.  by  Pres.  Elizabeth,  N.J.,  Oct.  6,  1897.  (Pres.  Riceville, 
N.C.  97-9;  City  Park  Branch,  Brooklyn,  N.Y.  1899-1900,  Sea  and  Land, 
N.Y.  City,  1900-01;  Congregational,  Plainfield,  Vt.  1901-3;  Green  St., 
San  Francisco,  Cal.  1903-12;  White  Plains,  N.Y.  12-17;  Presbt.  Beth- 
lehem Chapel,  N.Y.  City  1917-22).    Brooklyn  ist,  Asst.  1922 

Publications:    Children's  Sermons  in  "Congregationalist." 

Ward,  Henry,  b.  Guilderland  Centre,  N.Y.,  April  4,  1838;  U.C.  1864,  N.B.S. 
1867,  1.  CI.  Schenectady,  New  Hackensack,  1867-87,  Clostcr,  1887-1909, 
P.E.  1909-1915,  d.  Sept.  19,  Pres.  Bd.  of  Publication  1904.  D.D.  R.C. 
1906.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.  1916,  930. 

Ward,  Lsaac,  b.  Jersey  City,  June  10,  1874;  N.B.S.  in  Class  1913,  1.  by  O. 
South  Bergen,  Philadelphia  4th  1913-16,  Evangelistic  work  (Presbt. 
1st,  Boston  1919 ). 

Ward,  John  Wm.,  b.   New  York   City,  June  20,   1801 ;     C.N.J.    '821,   P.S. 

1821-3,  ord.  Presby.  Cayuga,  Jan.  31,  24;     (Union,  Broome  Co.,  N.Y. 

(Presb.)    24-31),    New    Prospect,   32-y,    Naponoch,    39-41.    Upper    Red 

Hook,  41-5,  Grecnpoint,  49-54,  w.  c.  Died  at  Railway,  N.J.,  Sept.  4,  1859. 

His   father   was  Gen.   Jasper  Ward,   from  whom   Ward's   Island   in  the 

East  River  takes  its  name,  it  having  been  his  property  for  a  time,  before 

it  was  acquired  by  the  City  of  New  York.     Mr.  Ward  was  the  first  Presb. 

pastor  of  L^nion,   it  having  been  a   Dutch  church   since   1794.   and  was   the 


582  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

first  church  organized  through  the  domestic   missionary  operations,   after 
the  Revolution.     He  became  greatly  attached  to  the  Dutch  Ch.  and  formed 
warm    friendships    among    its    people.     He    was    greatly    instrumental    in 
building   up    the    Greenpoint    church    into    comparative    strength.     He   was 
dignified  in  manner,  precise  in  speech,  careful   in  all  affairs,  and  greatly 
beloved  by  all.     After  a  communion  service  he  was  stricken  with  paralysis 
of  the  throat  ,which  disabled  him  from  further  service. 
Ward,  William  Davis   (son  of  Henry  Ward),  b.  New  Hackensack,  N.Y., 
June  16,  1869;  R.C.  90,  N.B.S.  93,  1.  CI.  Bergen;  Kiskatom,  1893-1902, 
Oyster  Bay,  1902-1908,  d.  July  12.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.  1909,  540. 
Waring,  Hart,  E.,  b.  West  Hyde  Park,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  Mar.  12,   1811; 
R.C.  33,  N.B.S.  36,  1.  CI.  Ulster;  supplied  Berne,  2d,  36-38,  and  Law- 
yersville,     and    Cobbleskill,     39-40,    Miss,     to    Grand     Rapids,    1840-3, 
(Presbyt.)  ;  supplied  chjarches.     Died  Ap.  20,  1897. 
He  was  accepted  and  ordained  as  a   foreign  missionary  by  the   CI.   of 
Ulster,  but  lack  of  funds  prevented  his  going.     He  visited  churches  in  the 
interest  of  missions,  and  supplied  churches  during  the  greater  part  of  his 
life.     Meantime,  he  bought  a  farm,  in  1854,  near  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  and 
here  he  made  his  home.     See  "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  of  R.C.,"  1897,  7. 
Warner,  Alexander  H.,  b.  1803,  N.B.S.  32,  Clarkstown,  32-7,  Hackensack, 
1st,    1837-65,    chaplain   of    State    Prison,    Trenton,    68-77,    w.    c.     Died 
1882,  Aug.  22.     See  Manual,  1902. 
Warner,  Isaac  W.,  b.  Brooklyn,  Y.C.   (?)   52;    N.B.S.  i860,  1.  S.  CI.  N.Y. 

i860,    d.  1883.     . 
Warnshuis,  Abbe  Livingston    (son  of  John  Wm.  Warnshuis),  b.   Clymer, 
N.Y.,  Nov.  22,  1877;  H.C.  97,  N.B.S.  1900,  1.  CI.  Grand  River;  Miss, 
to    Amoy,    China,    1900-1921,    Secretary    of    International    Missionary 

Committee,  London,  1921 .    D.D.,  H.C,  Vice  Pres.  Gen.  Syn.,  1909, 

Acting  Foreign  Sec.  B.F.M.  1920-21,  National  Evangelistic  Sec.  China, 
Continuation  Com.  1917-21. 
Publications  :     Several    pamphlets    and    Translations     into    Chinese. — 
Manual   of    Amoy   Vernacular   Revised   Edition   of    Dr.    Talmage's   Amoy 
Dictionary. 

Warnshuis,    Henry    W.,    lie.    CI.    Cayuga,     1877;     Naumberg    and    New 

Bremen,  77-80,  West  Leyden,  80,   Lennox,   Dak.    (S.S.)    81-2,   Dakota 

and  Turner,  82-3,  Turner  and  Centreville,  Dak.,  85-91,  (Presbyt.) 

Warnshuis,  John  Henry  (son  of  Rev.  J.  W.  Warnshuis),  b.  Alton,  la.,  April 

20,  1889;  H.C.  1910,  N.B.S.  1913,  1.  by  CI.  Michigan  1913.     Missionary 

to  India,  1913 

Publications:     Articles  in  Church  papers  on  Missionary  subjects. 
Warnshuis,  John  Wm.,  b.  Prov.  Guelderland,  Neths.,  Nov.  23,  1840;   R.C. 
65,  N.B.S.  68,  lie.  and  ord.  by  CI.  Geneva;  Cleveland,  O.,  68-71,  Marion, 
N.Y.,  71-6,  Clymer   (Abbe  ch.)   76-8,  Alton,  la.,  78-87;   Passaic  (Hoi. 
87),  N.Y.C.  (Hoi.  ch.),  87-8,  Alton,  la.,  88-91,  Chicago  (Gano  ch.),  91-5, 
Grand  Rapids,  4th,  95-1900,  Kalamazoo,  3d,  June,  1900-1901,  d.  Mar.  6. 
He  came  to  United  States  with  his  parents  when  four  years  of  age.     He 
was  distinctively  a  builder  of  churches  during  all  his  pastoral  career.     He 
was  possessed  of  a  magnetic  personality,  a  broad  spirit  of  brotherhood,  a 
manner    and    speech    which    provoked    not    only    the    interest,    but    the    co- 
operation of  all  with  whom  he  came  in  contact.     This,  coupled  with  a  true 
scholarliness,  a  keen  intellect  and  a  profound   faith,   made  him  not  only  a 
leader,  but  a  builder  up  of  both  men  and  churches.     He  went  not  where 
ambition,   but  where  opportunity   called.     As  soon  as   he   found  his   church 
on  firm  foundations,  he  would  leave  it  for  a  weaker  one,  broken  in  finances 
or   rent  with   dissension.     His   career  was   a    series   of    self-sacrifices   and 
successes.     He  was  one  of  the  foremost  sympathizers  in  the  cause  of  the 
Boers  in  South  Africa  (1900-1),  and  was  vice-president  of  the  Kalamazoo 
Branch  of  the  Transvaal  League.     He  was  a  leader  in  all  the  great  moral 
questions  of  the  day.     As  a  preacher,  he  was  faithful  and  earnest,  holding 
forth  in  its  simple  purity,  the  Word  of  Life.     A  man  of  large  capacity,  he 


THE   MINISTRY  583 

spent  himself  in  the  service  of  others.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1901,  1251. 
— "Biog.  Notices,  Grads,  R.C.,"  1901,  13. 

Waters,   David,  b.  at  Harland,   Scotland,  Jan.    18,   1828.     Toronto  Univer- 
sity, 55-9 ;  studied  theology  in  the  Divinity  Hall  of  United  Presb.  Ch. ; 
came  to  Canada,  1840.     (Southampton  and  Dumblane,  61-3,  Port  Hope, 
63-8,  St.  Mary's  68-73,  St.  David's  Ch.  at  St.  John's,  N.B.,  73-81;  all 
in  Canada)  ;  Newark,  N.J.   (North)   81-93.  Died  Aug.  4,  1897.     LL.B. 
by  Univ.  Toronto,  1869.     D.D.  by  R.C.  1870. 
In    1840   his    father    removed    from    Scotland    to    Canada,    where    David 
worked  on  a  farm.     Although  his  schooling  had  been  limited,  he  was  al- 
ways studious.     Before  entering  the  university   he   spent   several   years   in 
teaching.     During   his    ministry    in    Canada   he    took   an   active    interest    in 
educational   matters.     He  was    Superintendent  of   Schools   in    Southampton 
and  Port  Hope,  and  Inspector  of  Schools  in   St.  Mary's  and  at  the  same 
time   a   member  of   the   Board  of    Education   of   their   respective   counties. 
For  several  years  he  was   Secretary  of  the  Home  Mission  Committee  of 
the  Canada  Presbyterian  Church,  and  during  another  period   Secretary  of 
the   Committee   of    Bills   and   Overtures   of   the   General    Assembly   of    the 
same   church.     His   business   aptitude   was   made  available   in   similar   ways 
in  the  Reformed  Church.     He  was  a  member  of  the  Councils  of  the  Alli- 
ance of  the   Reformed  Churches  at  Belfast   in   1884,  at   London,    1888,  at 
Toronto,  1892,  and  at  Glasgow,   1896,  and  was  one  of  the  two  secretaries 
at   Toronto   and   Glasgow.     At   the   time   of   his   death   he   was    Recording 
Secretay  of  the  Western  Section  of  the  Alliance.     He  also  rendered  valu- 
able services  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Domestic  Missions  of  the  Re- 
foramed  Church,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Superintendents  of  the 
New  Brunswick  Theological  Seminary. 

He  was  a  correct  and  well-read  theologian,  a  distinguished  linguist,  an 
able  preacher,  a  painstaking  and  diligent  pastor.  He  was  well-read  in 
almost  every  department  of  literature,  and  made  historical  research  a 
constant  study.  He  was  thoroughly  conversant  with  Church  law  and  the 
business  of  Church  courts,  in  which  he  took  an  active  part,  and  where  his 
keen  debating  powers  were  often  exercised.  His  contributions  to  the  Pan- 
Presbyterian  volumes,  to  the  "Scottish-American  Journal,"  where  he  fre- 
quently wrote  under  the  name  of  "Orlig  Harland,"  and  other  journals, 
stamped  him  a  ready,  pungent  and  most  entertaining  writer,  and  indicated 
rare  gifts  in  this  department  had  he  seen  fit  to  make  it  the  work  of  his 
life.  All  that  he  did,  he  did  well.  See  Manual,  1902. 
Waters,  S.  A.     Thomas,  Okl.,  1908. 

Warren,  Ulysses  Grant,  b.  1872;  Syracuse  Univ.  1896,  Col.  Univ.,  Yale  1899. 
Congregational.     Syracuse,  N.Y.  ist  1916-20.     Superintendent  Brooklyn 

City  Mission  1920 .     Congregational  1921. 

Watermulder,  Gustavus  W.  (son  of  Rev.  L.  H.  Water muelder),  b.  Sheboy- 
gan, Wis.,  Oct.  2,  1874;    H.C.  97,  N.B.S.  1900,  1.  CI.  Pleasant  Prairie, 
Oyster   Bay,    190C-1,    Fairview,    1902-1903,    Grand    Rapids,    Mich.,    ist., 
1903-05,    Kalamazoo,    Mich.,    2d,    1905-08,    Winnebago    Indian    Mission, 
1909-11,  Winnebago,  Neb.,  1911-18,  also  1920. 
Watermulder,  Louis  Herman,  b.  Bunde,  Germany,  April  6,   1847 ;    Mission 
House    Col.    1870,    Sem.    1872,    Ebenezcr    Ch.,    Oregon,    111.,    1874-86, 
Forreston,  111.  86-7,  Lennox,  S.D.  91-4,  Forreston,  94-9,  Buffalo  Centre, 
la.    1899-1913,    Baileyville,    111.    1913,    S.S.    Baileyvillc,    111.    1917-19,   d. 
March  3d,  1921.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1921,  637. 
Watkins,  John  E.,  b.  at  Hamptonburgh,  Orange  Co.,  N.Y..  1828;    R.C.  57, 
N.B.S.  60,  1.  CI.  Bergen;    sailed  for  China  in  the  ship  "Edwin  Forrest" 
in  Aiig.,  i860.     She  was  never  heard  of  again  after  leaving  New  York. 
See  Manual  of  1879. 
Watson,  Alexander,  b.  Sept.  6,  1805;   1.  CI.  Westchester,  1857;    Bible  Agent; 
ord.  by  same  Classis,  Sept.  6,  1880.    Died  Oct.  14,  1885. 
For  many  years  he  was  a  colporteur  in  the  worst  districts  of  New  York; 
for  nearly  thirty  years  a  licentiate  of  the  Classis  of  Westchester.     On  his 
seventy-fifth  birthday  he  was  ordained  to  the  full  ministry. 


584  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Watson,  Chs.  S.    S.S.,  Belmont,  96-7. 

Watson,  John,  b.  near  Strabane,  County  Tyrone,  Ireland,  1810;  c.  to  Amer- 
ica, 31;  R.C.  38,  N.B.S.  41,  He.  CI.  N.Y.;  Athens,  41-4,  Flatbush  (Ul- 
ster Co.),  44-7,  (Presbyt.,  Amsterdam  and  Harlem,  Ohio,  1847-50, 
Harlem  and  Bloomfield,  O.,  50-64),  d.  April  22.     See  Manual  of  1879. 

Watson,  Robert  Anderson,  b.  Baldeck,  Nova  Scotia.  Dalhousie  Col.  1907. 
Pres.  Sem.,  Halifax,  N.S.,  1910,  1.  by  Pres.  Halifax,  191c.  Brooklyn, 
Green  Point,  Kent  St.,  1911-17,  South  Brooklyn,  1917 

Watson,  Thos.  G.,  b.  Aug.  11,  1836,  Geneva,  N.Y. ;  Hob.  C.  57,  N.B.S.  61, 
1.  CI.  Geneva;  Cato,  61-2,  Cato  and  Wolcot,  62-5,  Cato,  65-9,  Brighton 
Heights,  69-71,    (Presbyterian).     Died  Oct.  28,   1900. 

Wauchope,  W.  C.     Columbia  Memorial,  Okl.,  191 0. 

Waugh,  Arthur  John.    Brooklyn,  Bethany,  1916-18.    Presbyterian. 

Wayenberg,  Peter,  b.  at  Nunspect,  Neths.,  Feb.  19,  1856,  c.  to  America  in 

his   boyhood,    H.C.    55,    W.S.    88,    1.    CI.   ;     Pultneyville,    88-90, 

Maurice,  90-1893,  d.  Aug.  5.     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1894,  209. 

Wayer,  James.  H.C.  1901,  W.T.S.  1904,  1.  by  CI.  Holland.  Holland,  Mich., 
Ebenezer,  1914-07,  Grand  Rapids,  Bethany,  1907-19,  Holland,  Mich.,  ist, 

1919 • 

Publications  :    C.  E.  Topics  in  Leader,  1913 

Weber,  August.  Universities  of  Berlin  and  Strassburg,  Germany.  Sem. 
Evangelical,  Basel,  Switzerland.  Ord.  Basel,  Switzerland  1886.  Vicar, 
Kemselz,  Alsase,  1886-7,  1.  in  U.S.A.  by  Evangelical  Synod,  German 
Ref.  Ch.,  1892.  (Ger.  Ref.  Ch.,  West  End,  Ind.,  Taylor,  Pa.,  Warren, 
Pa.,  Dayton,  O.).    Hackensack,  N.J.,  3d,  1912 

Weber,  Herman  Charles  (son  of  Rev.  Jacob  Weber),  b.  Mina,  Chautau- 
qua Co.,  N.Y.,  1873;  R.C.  95,  N.B.S.  98,  lie.  S.  CI.  L.I.;  West  Farms, 
98-1902,  assistant.  West  End  Collegiate  Ch.,  N.Y.C.,  1902-1906,  Brook- 
lyn, Edgewood,  1906-12.  (Pres.  Brooklyn,  City  Park  Branch,  ist, 
1913 )• 

Weber,  Jacob.  Mina  Corners,  1871-4,  West  Leyden,  74-9,  Brooklyn,  New. 
79-93.   Superintendent  of  Oiifile  Orphanage,  East  Williamsburgh,   L.I., 

93-5,   S.S.  at  Ridgewood,  L.I.,  95-1897.     Ref.  Ch.  U.S.,  ,   1905, 

Yonkers,  N.Y.,  Miles  Square,  S.S.,  1914-15. 

Webinga,  John.  U.P.  Pres.  Ch.  Galesburg  and  Killduff,  1904-06,  Koster, 
Wichert,  111.,  1906-11,  Ada,  Mich.,  S.S.,  1911-12,  Rehoboth,  Lucas, 
Mich.,  1912-17,  Atwood,  Mich.,  1917-20,  Clifton,  N.J.,  ist  Hoi.,  1920 

Webster,  William  Stuart  Cross  (son  of  Rev.  Webster),  b.  at  Balti- 
more, Md.,  Sept.  12,  1844,  C.N.J.  64,  P.S.  69,  lie.  by  Presb.  of  Luzerne, 
Pa.;  (Weatherly,  Pa.,  72-5,  Port  Jefferson,  77-85,  Islip,  N.Y.,  85-97, 
all  Presbyt.),  Bronxville,  1897-1903.     Presbyterian,  1904.     D.D. 

Weeksteen,  Johannes,  b.   about   1628;    matriculated  at   Leyden   University, 

Oct.   10,  1644,  aged  16;    residence  Leiden;    no  subject  of  study  given. 

Matriculated  again  at  Leyden  University,  Feb.  27,  1674,  aged  30,    ?  for 

•   the  study  of  Theology.     No  residence  given.     Kingston,  N.Y.,  1681-7, 

d.  March  17. 
The  first  allusion  to  him  on  the  "Mints,  of   Classis  of   Amsterdam"  is 

on  May  5,  1681,  when  he  was  received  by  the  Classis  as  "Recommended" 

for  the  churches  in  foreign  lands.     He  was  chosen  by  the  Classis  to  take 

the  place  of  the  late  Rev.  Laurentius  Gaasbeek  as  pastor  at  Esopus.     His 

salary  consisted  of  600  bushels  of  wheat  and  a  free  dwelling  house. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Weidman,  Paul,  b.  1788.    U.C.  1818,  N.B.S.  1820,  1.  by  CI.  N.B.     Schoharie, 
21-36,  Manheim,  37-41,  S.S.,  Schoharie,  1843-4,  S.S.,  Gallupville,  1844, 
Manheim,   1852-60,  d.   March  25,   1862. 
Publication  :    Charge  to  Rev.  E.  P.  Stimpson.     "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  iv.  172. 

Weidner,  David  Crawford,  b.  West  Shokan,  N.Y.,  March  27,  1877.  R.C. 
1899,  N.B.S.  1902,  1.  by  CI.  N.B.    Hagaman,  N.Y.,  1902-05,  S.S.,  Cranes- 


THE    MINISTRY  5^5 

ville,  1903-05,  Schuylerville,  1905-13,  S.S.,  Fort  Miller,  1910-13,  Jersey 
City,  3d,    (Park),    1913-15,   Glen   Rock,   N.J.,   1915-19,   Rochelle   Park, 

NJ.,  1919 

Weiland,  K.  B.     Pella,  3d,  1860-6,  Parkersburg,  80-3,  Lennox,  Dak.,  84-6, 

Classical  Missionary,  Sheldon,  la.,  1886. 
Weiss,  Edward  M.,  b.  Wurtemberg,  Germany.     N.B.S.  1859,  1.  CI.  Bergen, 

1859;    (Paterson,  Presbyt.,  1859-66).    Business,  1866-92,  d.  May  12. 
Weiss,  George  Michael,  born  at  Eppingen,  in  the  Palatinate,  1700;    matricu- 
lated at  Heidelberg  University,  Oct.  18,  1718,  as  student  of  Philosophy; 
ordained  at  Heidelberg,  1727;    arrived  in  America,  Sept.  18,  1727,  sent 
out  by   the    Palatinate    Consistory;     pastor    at    Philadelphia,    Skippack 
and  Germantown,   Pa.,   1727-31 ;    (in   Holland,  ten   months,  June,   1730- 
April,  1731);    Huntersville,  Schoharie  Co.,  N.Y.,  1731-^;    Catskill  and 
Coxsackie,  N.Y.,  1732-36;    Burnetsfield  (German  Flats),  N.Y.,  1736-42, 
also  Herkimer,  Rhinebeck,  N.Y.,   1742-46;    Gosenhoppen,  Pa.,   1746-67, 
died. 
His   diploma   and   appointment   by   the    Palatinate    Consistory    are   dated 
May  I,  1727.     He  sailed  from  Rotterdam,  apparently,  without  coming  into 
communication  with  the  Ecclesiastical  Synods  or  Classes  in  Holland.     Four 
hundred    German    emigrants   came   over   in   the    same    vessel.      Boehm    had 
already,  before  this,   viz.,   in    1725,   although   unordained,   begun   to   preach 
in  Philadelphia ;    but  Weiss,  being  an  ordained  minister,  at  once  installed 
a  Consistory  in  Philadelphia,  and  celebrated  the  Lord's   Supper.     He  also 
formally  organized  the  church  at  Skippack,  where  Boehm  had  also  offici- 
ated.    In   1729  he  issued  a  little  book  from  the  press,  against  a  fanatical 
sect  called  the   "New-Born,"  who   were  believers   in  perfection,   etc.     Dr. 
Jedediah  Andrews,  the  Presbyterian  minister  of   Philadelphia  at  the  time, 
speaks  in  high  praise  of  him. 

In  1730  he  advertised  for  scholars  who  wished  to  be  taught  Logic,  Natural 
Philosophy  and  Metaphysics ;  but  before  his  teaching  could  have  taken  very 
definite  shape,  he  went  on  his  mission  to  Europe,  leaving  Boehm,  who  had 
been  ordained  in  1729  by  the  Dutch  ministers  in  New  York,  as  the  only 
German  Reformed  minister  in  Pennsylvania.  Weiss  accompanied  his  inti- 
mate friend,  Jacob  Reifif,  an  elder  from  Skippack.  The  two  congregations 
had  given  authority  to  Reifif,  with  the  assistance  of  Weiss,  to  collect  money 
for  the  two  German  churches.  Reifif  acted  as  treasurer ;  and  in  case  Weiss 
did  not  return,  Reifif  was  to  bring  another  minister  back  with  him. 

Early  in  1728  the  Palatinate  Consistory  had  requested  the  Synod  of  South 
Holland  to  look  after  the  welfare  of  the  Pennsylvania  churches,  on  account 
of  their  great  poverty.  That  Consistory  naturally  turned  to  that  Synod, 
since  the  German  emigrants  sailed  from  Rotterdam,  which  was  within  the 
bounds  of  that  Synod.  Weiss  and  Reiff  arrived  in  Holland  just  in  time 
to  attend  the  Synod  of  Breda,  which  held  its  session  July  4-14.  1730.  This 
circumstance  was  very  favorable  to  their  mission.  Upon  the  representations 
of  Weiss  and  Reifif,  the  Deputies  of  that  Synod,  in  conjunction  with  some 
others,  made  a  Report  concerning  Pennsylvania,  which  was  at  once  printed. 
(For  full  Title,  see  below).  This  Report  consisted  of  two  parts.  I.  The 
Report  (Berigt)  about  Pennsylvania;  and  II.  Instructions  (Onderrigtinge), 
as  to  the  regulation  of  the  churches  there. 

I.  The  "Report"  gives  quite  an  elaborate  description  of  Pennsylvania, 
its  climate,  products,  minerals,  wild  beasts,  and  the  Indians  dwelling  there. 
It  then  refers  to  its  civil  history  under  the  Swedes,  and  the  purchase  by 
Penn. ;  that  its  population  of  30,000  (this  is  an  overestimate  for  1730  by 
about  one-half  ;  the  Germans  of  Pennsylvania  did  not  reach  that  number 
until  1752),  half  of  which  were  of  the  Reformed  faith,  were  without  re- 
ligious privileges,  and  many  went  over  to  the  Quakers. 

It  then  speaks  of  the  possibility  of  the  conversion  of  the  Indians,  and 
suggests  that  Pennsylvania  might  yet  become  an  Asylum  for  the  Holland- 
ers, if  they  should  again  be  subjected  to  persecutions.     It  also  says  that 


586  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

the  log  church  of  Skippack  ought  to  be  replaced  by  one  of  stone,  and  four 
additional  churches  ought  to  be  built. 

II.  The  "Instruction"  relates  to  the  proper  organization  of  the  German 
churches  there.  That  Dutch  Synod  of  Breda  planned  large  things  for  the 
Germans  of  Pennsylvania.  It  proposed  a  complete  Church-Order  like  that 
of  Holland,  looking  forward  even  to  the  organization  of  Classes.  It  de- 
manded subscription  to  all  the  Standards  of  Doctrine  of  Holland,  including 
the  Canons  of  Dort. 

It  was  under  such  circumstances  and  conditions  that  the  Particular 
Synod  of  South  Holland  came  to  take  charge  of  the  German  churches  in 
Pennsylvania.  It  was  the  large  number  of  pastorless  people  of  the  Re- 
formed faith,  which  so  greatly  touched  the  hearts  of  the  Hollanders.  But 
Weiss  and  Reiff  also  solicited  help  in  the  Synod  of  North  Holland,  and 
especially  in  the  Classis  of  Amsterdam.  Here  also  they  were  successful, 
receiving  considerable  sums  of  money. 

Weiss  returned  home  about  May,  1731.  He  already  seems  to  have  had 
some  suspicion  that  Reiff  was  not  dealing  honorably  with  the  money.  Reiff 
remained  in  Holland  a  year  longer  than  Weiss,  and  was  speculating  with 
the  money.  After  his  return,  Weiss  soon  left  Philadelphia,  removed  to 
the  regions  of  the  Germans  in  Schoharie,  and  on  the  Hudson  and  the 
Mohawk.  His  going  among  these  Germans  as  the  first  Reformed  minister 
put  an  end  to  the  efforts  of  the  Church  of  England  to  proselyte  these 
Germans.  (Haeger,  J.  F. ;  Oehl,  J.  J.).  While  in  those  parts  of  New 
York,  he  also  did  mission  work  among  the  Indians,  especially  on  the  Mo- 
hawk, even  writing  a  book  about  them.  A  long  and  unpleasant  correspon- 
dence now  sprung  up  about  the  funds  in  Reiff's  hands.  Weiss  was  com- 
pletely exonerated,  but  the  case  hung  fire  for  many  years,  and  was  only 
very  partially  settled  a  score  or  more  years  after  the  collection. 

See  Dr.  Good's  "Earl  Fathers  of  Refd.  Ch.,"  1897;  also  his  "Hist,  of 
Ref.  Ch.  in  U.S.,"  134-143,  153-159.  See  also  Manual  of  1879.  Dr.  John 
B.  Thompson,  when  pastor  at  Catskill,  also  delivered  an  historical  address, 
haying  many  allusions  to  Weiss  and  his  labors  on  the  Hudson.  It  is  a 
point  worthy  of  investigation  whether  the  visit  of  Weiss  to  Europe,  in 
1730,  had  anything  to  do  with  the  coming  of  Mancius  to  the  Germans  in 
1730.  There  is  probably  some  connection.  See  also  "Smith's  Rhinebeck"; 
and  Dr.  J.  B.  Drury's  "Hist,  of  Church  of  Rhinebeck." — Also  Prof.  Hinke's 
article  on  Weiss  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Nov.  16,  1898. 

Publications  :  "George  Michael  Weiss,  V.D.M.,  der  in  der  American- 
ischen  Wildniisz  unter  Menschen  von  verschiedenen  nationen  und  religionen 
hin  und  wieder  gewandelte  und  verschiedentlich  angefochtene  Prediger. 
Abgewahlet  und  vorgestellet  in  einem  Gespraech  mit  einem  Politico  und 
Neugeboren  Verschiedene  Stiick,  insonderheit  die  Neugeburt  betreffende. 
Verfertigt  und  zu  Befoerderung  der  Ehr  Jesu  selbst  aus  Eigener  Erfahrung 
an  das  Licht  gebracht.  8vo.  Title  and  Hymn,  iii-v.  pp.  29.  Pubd.  by  An- 
drew Bradford,  Philadelphia,  1729. 

Or;  "George  Michael  Weiss,  V.D.M.,  the  minister  who  had  wandered 
among  men  of  various  nationalities  and  religions,  and  who  has  been  at- 
tacked in  divers  ways.  Depicted  and  presented  in  a  dialogue,  with  a  polit- 
ical and  new-born  separatist,  treating  especially  of  the  New-Birth.  Com- 
posed and  brought  to  the  Light,  out  of  one's  own  Experience,  for  the  fur- 
therance of  the  Honor  of  Jesus,  8vo.  Title  and  Hymn,  pp.  iii.-v;  pp.  29. 
Pubd.  by  Andrew  Bradford,  Philadelphia,  1729." 

Berigt  en  Onderrigtinge  nopens  en  aan  de  Colonic  en  Kerke  van  Pensyl- 
vanien.  Opgestele  en  Uytgegeven  door  de  Gedeputeerden  van  E.  Christe- 
lyke  Synodus  van  Zuyd-Holland,  benevens  de  Gecommitteerden  van  de 
Classis  van  Delft  en  Delfsland,  en  Schieland.  i8mo.  pp.  18.  1731 ;  Or, 
"Report  and  Instruction  concerning  the  Colony  and  Church  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, prepared  and  published  by  the  Deputies  of  the  Rev.  Christian  Synod 
of  South  Holland,  together  with  the  Committees  of  the  Rev.  Classis  of 
Delft  and  Delftland  and  Schieland."     1731. 


THE   MINISTRY  587 

Weiss  did  not  write  this  Report,  but  the  Deputies  wrote  it  on  informa- 
tion given  by  Weiss.  See  the  points  of  it,  above.  A  copy  of  this  was 
transcribed,  and  sent  by  Prof.  Buddingh  to  Rev.  Dr.  Thomas  De  Witt,  in 
1850.  Dr.  Good  had  photographic  copies  of  the  book  made  in  1898. — Een 
getrouwe  beschryving  der  wilden  in  Noord  Amerika,  aengaande  hunne 
persoonen,  eigenschappen,  natien,  taelen,  naemen,  huyzen,  Kleedasien,  ver- 
zierselen,  huywelken,  spijs,  drank,  huysgereedschap,  huyshonding,  jaegen, 
visschen  vechten,  superstitie,  politique,  regeering,  neevens  andere  merkis- 
naedige  zaken  opgestelt  uyteigc  crvvarenheit  van  Georg  Michael  Weiss, 
V.D.M.  Pp.  96^4.  Albany,  1741.  Or,  "A  Faithful  Description  of  the  In- 
dians in  North  America ;  concerning  their  persons,  qualities,  tribes,  lan- 
guages, names,  house,  dress,  ornaments,  marriages,  food,  drink,  domestic 
implements,  housekeeping,  hunting,  fishing,  war,  superstitions,  political 
government,  besides  other  remarkable  matters,  composed  from  personal 
experience,"  by  George  Michael  Weiss,  V.D.M.  Pp.  96^.  Albany,  1741. — 
This  was  accompanied  by  a  small  painting  of  Indians,  men  and  women. 
Weissgotten,  Z.    1865. 

Welch,  Ransom  Bethune,  b.  Greenville,  Greene  Co.,  N.Y.,  Jan.  27,  1824; 
U.C.  46,  Andover  Sem.  48-50,  Auburn  Sem.  50-2,  lie.  by  Presbyt.  of 
Onondaga,  June  12,  1851  ;  Gilboa,  Dec,  54-6,  S.S.,  Blenheim,  55,  Cat- 
skill,  56-9,  traveling,  59-60,  Albion  (a  few  months),  60,  writing,  etc., 
60-6,  Prof,  of  Logic,  Rhetoric  and  Eng.  Lit.  in  Union  Coll.,  66-76  (also 
teaching  Metaphysics  and  Political  Economy  part  of  this  time).  Prof, 
of  Christian  Theology  in  Aub.  Sem.,  76-90),  died.  D.D.  by  R.C.  and 
U.N.Y.,  1868.  LL.D.  by  Maryville  Coll.,  1872. 
Also  one  of  the  editors  of  "Presbyt.  Review,"  1881,  and  subsequently  of 
.the  "Presbyt.  and  Reformed  Review." 

Induced  by  his  delicate  health,  he  spent  a  year  on  horseback  in  the  south, 
especially  in  Mississippi,  as  a  colporteur  of  the  American  Tract  Society. 
His  sales  of  books  were  unprecedented.  In  his  pastoral  charges  he  was 
abundantly  successful,'  large  revivals  following  his  preaching,  in  Gilboa 
and  Catskill.  Excessive  labors  compelled  him  to  take  time  for  rest,  and 
he  spent  nearly  a  year  in  travel  in  Europe,  Egypt  and  Palestine  (July  2, 
1858-May  19,  i860).  He  was  well  equipped  to  get  the  most  from  such  a 
tour,  as  his  letters  to  the  "New  York  Herald"  and  "Tribune,"  the  "Chris- 
tian Intelligencer,"  the  "Independent,"  the  "Observer,"  the  "Evangelist," 
abundantly  testify.  His  wide  scholarship  is  evident  from  his  list  of  pub- 
lications. In  the  Chair  of  Theology,  he  aimed  at  a  Christocentric  system. 
He  encouraged  questions  from  the  students.  He  never  treated  doubt  harshly 
or  trivially ;  but  he  sought  to  train  up  pastors  and  preachers  rather  than 
theologians.  He  subordinated  scholarship  to  Christian  discipleship.  Hence, 
his  theological  teaching  was  not  detrimental  to  vital  piety. 

He  represented  the  Presbyterian  Church  at  the  Alliances  at  Belfast,  1884, 
and  at  London,  1888.  He  was  a  member  of  the  General  Assembly's  Com- 
mittee to  revise  the  proof-texts  of  the  Confession  of  Faith;  and  of  the 
Committee  on  the  Organic  Unity  of  the  Christian  Church. 

Three  characteristics,  as  a  teacher,  stood  out  prominently  in  him.  First, 
his  earnestness  for  the  truth.  Out  of  this  came  a  second  characteristic,  a 
conservative  caution.  Clearly  and  sharply  drawn,  in  his  own  thinking,  was 
the  line  between  revealed  and  speculative  truth.  In  regard  to  the  latter, 
he  was  exceedingly  careful.  Where  a  sure  word  of  Scripture  was  not 
behind  him,  he  was  cautiously  reticent.  Two  rea.sons  seem  to  have  shut 
out  the  Socratic  method  from  his  class-room.  He  wished  to  avoid  useless 
discussion,  and  to  place  before  his  students  a  system  of  truth  in  its  entirety. 
He  was  convinced  of  the  ultimate  fruitlessness  of  all  merely  impulsive 
discussion.  The  third  point  was  his  progressive  and  charitable  spirit.  He 
was  cautiously  progressive. 

He  was  a  gentleman  of  singular  polish  and  courtesy;  a  scholar  of  wide 
and  accurate  research;    a  teacher,  whose  clearness  and  frankness  won,  and 


588  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 

whose  thoroughness  stimulated,  every  pupil ;  a  preacher  of  gentle,  though 
logical  and  persuasive  eloquence ;  a  writer  of  lucid  and  vigorous  style ;  a 
theologian  of  views  as  broad  as  they  were  sound  and  Scriptural ;  a  friend 
always  thoughtful,  self-denying  and  steadfast;  a  man  of  affairs,  keenly  alive 
to  every  social  and  public  interest ;  a  Christian  that  impressed  every  ob- 
server as  living  each  hour  very  near  his  Lord. 

See  Memorial  Addresses  in  "Auburn  Daily  Advertiser,"  Nov.  12,  1890. 
Publications:    For  a  list  of  his  numerous  publications,  see  Manual,  1902. 
Welius,  Everardus,  matriculated  at  Utrecht  University,   1650;    ord.  by  CI. 
Amst.,  Apr.  10,  1657;    New  Amstel,  1657-9,  d. 
The  new  colony  on  the  Delaware  were  at  once  anxious  for  a  minister. 
On  March  19,   1657.  the  Classis  called  Welius.     His  examination  was  set 
for  April  10,  when  he  was  also  to  preach  on  Ps.  127  :i.     ("Mints,  of  Classis," 
vi.  39-40;   xix.  41). 

"A  man  of  piety  and  learning,  whose  death  was  very  much  deplored." — 
"Spotswood's  Hist.  Ser."'     See  Manual,  1902. 

Welles,  Theodore  Wyckoff   (son  of  Ransford  Wells),  b.  at  Newark,  N.J., 
May  6,   1839;    R.C.  62,  N.B.S.  65,  1.  CI.  Montgomery;    Bergen  Neck, 
65-73.   Freehold    (Marlboro),   73-87,    Philadelphia,  4th,  87-89,   Totowa, 
2d,  1889-1908,  emeritus,  1908.    D.D.,  R.C,  1893.    Rec.  Sec.  Bd.  Publica- 
tion, 1870-74.     Supt.  of  Public  Schools,  Bayonne  and  member  Sch.  Bd. 
Examiners,   Hudson   Co..  66-7.     Member   Bd.   Education,   1890. 
Publications  :    Volumes. — "Victory  Turned  to  Mourning,"  Lincoln  Mem- 
orial,  Jersey   City,    1865:.  8vo,   pp.   24. — "The   Classis  of    Monmouth;     Its 
Members,   Its   Churches,   and   Its   Work";     Freehold,    1879,   8vo,   pp.   30. — 
"The   Days  of   Old :    a   History  of  the   First  Church  of   Freehold" ;    New 
York,    8vo,    pp.    96.      1877. — "Faith's    Triumph":    a    Memorial    of  Jennie 
Schanck,  New  York,  8vo,  pp.  52.     1881. — "Death,  What  Is  It?"     Memorial 
of  E.  V.  Hobart,  Freehold,  8vo,  pp.   14,   1885. — "Ancestral  Tablets ;    from 
Colonial  Times  to  Present  Era,"  Paterson,  8vo,  pp.  382,  1893. — "The  Pastor 
and  the  Church,  or  John  H.  Duryea  and  the  2d  Ref.  Church  of  Totowa"; 
New  York,  8vo,  pp.   172,  1896.     Many  sermons  and  articles  for  the  press. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Wells,  C.  E.    Gardiner,  N.Y.,  1909-13,  West  Hoboken,  N.J.,  Assistant,  1913- 

16.     (Congregational,  1916 ). 

Wells,  Cor.  L.,  b.  at  New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  Sept.  16,  1833  (s.  of  Ransford 
Wells);    R.C.  52,  N.B.S.  55,  1.  CI.  Schoharie;    Niskayuna  and  Lisha's 
Kill,  55-58,  Jersev  Citv,  3d,   1858-62.  Flatbush,  L.I.,  1862-1904,  d.  Dec. 
12.     D.D.,  R.C,  1878.     Pres.  Gen.  Syn.,  1903. 
Dr.  Wells  came  of  distinguished  ministerial  stock  and  proved  his  charac- 
ter and  ability  in  his  long  pastorate  over  an  ancient  and  influential  church. 
But  however  great  were  the  demands  of  his  own  church  upon  him,  he  was 
always  ready  to  serve  with  acceptance  in  the  larger  work  of  the  Denomin- 
ation. 

Publications:     "Sacrifice   of    Continual    Praise":    a   Thanksgiving   Ser. 
1864.^-Ser.  on  Death  of  Louisa  D.  Garvin.     1865. 
Wells,  Ransford,  b.  at  Catskill,   Sept.  6,   1805;    R.C.  27,  N.B.S.  30,  1.  CI. 

;     Canajoharie,   30-3,    Newark.    33-42,    Sec.    Bd.    Missions,    42-4, 

Schoharie,  44-57,  Fultonville.  57-68,  S.S.,  Auriesville,  58-60,  Stuyvesant 
Falls,  68-71,  Brookfield.  Ct.,  71-5,  teaching  at  Marlboro.  75-6,  Cato,  76- 
80,  w.  c.     Died  March  4,   1889.     D.D.  by  R.C,   1851.     He  was   Pres. 
Gen.  Syn.,  1855. 
He  was  a  descendant  of  the  sixth  generation  of  Thomas  Welles,  a  Puri- 
tan,  who   left   his   home   and   estate   at   Rothwell,   Northamptonshire,    Eng., 
for  conscience  sake,  and  coming  to  America  in  1636,  was  one  of  the  original 
settlers  of  Hartford,  Ct.,  and  Governor  of  the  province,  1656-8.     Dr.  Wells 
was  also  a  descendant,  through  his  mother,  Mary  Allaben,  of  John  Bouton, 
of  Danbury,  Ct.,  a  French  Huguenot,  who  fled  to  America  in  1633.     The 
labors  of  Dr.  Wells  were  arduous  and  eventful.     While  he  did  not  hesitate 


THE   MINISTRY  589 

to  serve  in  any  field,  however  limited,  his  ministry  was  successfully  exer- 
cised in  founding  and  establishing  the  two  important  churches  of  Canajo- 
harie,  N.Y.,  and  the  First  Church  of  Newark,  NJ.  The  memory  of  his 
pastorate  at  Newark  is  perpetuated  by  a  memorial  window,  affectionately 
placed  by  his  old  parishioners  in  their  house  of  worship.  He  fur- 
ther wrought  for  missions  by  serving  efiiciently  as  secretary  for  two 
years,  1842-44.  Nor  was  his  zeal  for  godly  service  limited  to  the  organi- 
zation and  establishment  of  churches.  He  spent  also  a  part  of  his  life  in 
promoting  instruction  in  sound  learning,  and  honored  his  advanced  years 
by  visiting  charitable  institutions  and  private  homes. 

See  Manual,  1902. 

Welmers,  Thomas  E.,  b.  Sept.  12,  1874,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.     H.C.   1903, 

P.S.    1906,    1.   by   CI.    Mich.,    1906.      Ord.    by   CI.    la.,    191 1.     Teaching 

Northwestern  Acd,.   1908-10.     Principal  Northwestern  Academy,   1910- 

20.     Also  engaged  in  missionary  work  under  Classis  of  Iowa,   191 1-20. 

Greek  professor,  Hope  College,  1920 .     S.C,  CI.  la.  and  East  Sioux 

and  of  P.S.,  la. 
Wemple,   Jeremiah   V.,   b.    Dec.    3,    1868,    Duanesburgh,    N.Y.     U.C.    1892, 
U.T.S.   1895,  1.  by  CI.  of   Schenectady  1895.      (Pres..  Ballston  Center, 
N.Y.,  1896-1904,  Albany,  6th,  1904-11).     Saugerties,  N.Y.,  1911-21. 
Wenisch,  John,  1.   S.  CI.  N.Y.,   i860;    Newtown,  2d,  and  Astoria    (Ger.), 
65-6,  Newark,  West   (Ger.),  67-74,  Newtown,  2d,  74-8;    died  Aug.  18, 
1885. 
Werring    (or  Wernich),  John  Aemilius.     Stone  Arabia,   1752.     Ecc.   Rec, 

N.Y. 
Wernecke,   Herbert   Henry,   b.   July   24,    1895,   Timothy,   Wis.     Milwaukee 
State  Normal  School,  Mission  House  Col.,   1917.     W.T.S.   1920,  1.  by 

CI.  P.P.,  1920.     Baileyville,  la.,  1920 

Wesselink,  John,  b.  July  28,  1875,  Sioux  Centre,  la.     H.C.  1901,  Univ.  Chi- 
cago, W.T.S.   190S,   1.  by  CI.  la.,   1905.     North  Holland,   Mich.,    1905- 
10,  Maurice,  la.,  1910-13,  Pella,  la.,   ist,  1913 .     Instructor,  North- 
western Academy,  1901-02.     Sec.  Ex.  Com.,  Central  College,  1916. 
Publications  :    Articles  in  church  papers. 
Wessels,  Peter  Alonzo,  b.  Cherry  Valley,  N.Y.,  Feb.  12,  1841 ;    Wms.  Coll.; 
Drew  Sem.,  76-8,  Aub.  Sem.,  78-9,  lie.  by  Henry  Presbyt.,  Neb.,  80,  ord. 
by   Nebraska   City   Presbyt.,   80    (Home   Missionary   work   at   Hansen, 
Neb.,    and    Nemaha    City,    79-81,    under    Presbyt.    Board)  ;     Columbia, 
82-4,    Neperan,   84-7,    Gilboa,   87-90,   also    S.S.,    Prattsville,   87-9,    S.S., 
Grand  Gorge,  88-9,   Princetown,  90-3,  Raritan,   111.,  93-4,  Wynantskill, 
94-7,    South   Glens   Falls,  97-9,    S.S.,   Auriesville,    1906-09. 
West,  Jacob,  b.  Middleburgh,  N.Y.,  Sept.  18,  1818;    R.C.  42,  N.B.S.  45,  I. 
CI.  Albany;     Middleburgh,  45-52,   Piermont,    ist,   52-5,   East  Brooklyn, 
55-68,  Cor.   Sec.   Bd.  Dom.   Miss.,  68-88.     Honorary  Secretary,  88-90, 
d.  Jan.  22.    D.D.  by  R.C.  1870. 
He  was  one  of  the  most  open-hearted  and  unaffected  of  men.     He  pos- 
sessed  telling   characteristics   which   go   to   make   up   a    well-rounded   man- 
hood and  an  attractive  Christian  minister.     One  was  sti'rling  honest  w    Busi- 
ness integrity  and  fidelity  to   friendship  were  part  of   his  being.     He  was 
entirely  unselfish;    he  never  seemed  to  think  of   himself.     Hs   ruing  ques- 
ton  always  was— What  is  right?     Another  trait  was   fidelity   in  his  zvork. 
When  the  Domestic  Board  was  struggling  with  difficulties  his  spirit  vitally 
identified  itself  with  its  experiences  and  carried  its   sufferings ;    and  when 
relief  came,  entered   into  its  joys.     Whatever  he  undertook  had  his  whole 
heart.     He  was   faithful — always   and  everywhere.     Another   trait  was   his 
cordiality  of  manner.     He  always  had  a  bright  look  and  cheery  words  for 
every  one.     Strangely  enough,  this  trait  was  emphasized  at  his   funeral  by 
every  speaker.     He  was  a   light   in   the   home,   in   the  church,   in  the   place 
of  business.     His  cordial  words  and  ways  made  his  ofiice,  as  Secretary  of 
Domestic  Missions,  an  attractive  place  to  visit.     Still  another  trait  was  his 


590  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

youthful  spirit  among  the  young.    He  was  always  a  welcome  guest  to  young 
people  and  children.     He  grew  old  gracefully.     He  was,  however,  always  a 
man  of  hard  work,  and  this  told  on  the  ultimate  progress  of  the  church.     See 
"Mints  Gen.  Syn.,"  1890,  193. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.,  R.C.,"  1890,  17. 
Westbrook,  Cor.  D.,  b.  at  Rochester,  N.Y.,  May,  1782;    U.C.  1801,  studied 
under  John  B.  Romeyn,  1.  CI.  Albany,  1804;   tutor  in  U.C,  1803-5;    Fish- 
kill,  1806-30,  Ed.  "Christian  Intelligencer,"  1830-3,  Rector  of  Gr.  School 
at  N.B.,   1833-6,  Cortlandtown,   1836-50,  d.   1858.     Elected  a  trustee  of 
R.C.,  1829.     D.D.  by  R.C.,  1829. 
He  was  descended  on  his  paternal  side  from  the   Puritans,  and  on  the 
maternal  from  the  Huguenots.     His  father  served  his  country  in  the  Revo- 
lution.    His  mother  died,  leaving  him  a  frail  infant,  the  object  of  constant 
solicitude. 

The  distinguishing  feature  of  his  mind  was  its  originality.  There  was  a 
freshness,  a  sort  of  childlike  wonder  in  his  mind,  in  viewing  a  subject.  He 
viewed  it  as  if  he  had  never  been  told  how  it  appeared  to  others.  Nor  did 
he  much  regard  the  impression  it  had  made  on  others,  in  forming  his  own 
opinions  of  it.  He  cared  little  for  the  authority  of  great  names.  He  was 
a  bold  thinker,  and  his  views  on  many  mooted  questions,  and  on  prophecy, 
of  which  he  was  an  enthusiastic  student,  were  often  striking  and  highly 
original.  He  also  possessed  a  remarkable  quickness  of  mental  capacity — 
both  quickness  of  apprehension  and  conclusion.  His  judgment  was  instan- 
taneous, and  he  would  leap  into  the  middle  of  a  subject  to  approve  or  con- 
demn, almost  before  the  statement  of  it  was  concluded.  His  mind  was 
capable  of  great  concentration  and  intense  action.  He  was  capable  of  con- 
ducting a  connected  and  logical  argument,  but  he  was  not  fond  of  it.  He 
would  not  submit  to  the  restraint  of  rigid  and  fixed  rules  in  anything. 
His  arguments,  though  striking  and  convincing,  were  seldom  strictly  de- 
ductive. They  did  not  gradually  accumulate  strength,  but  fell  in  successive 
and  rapid  blows. 

In  character  he  was  notably  disinterested — one  of  the  most  unselfish  of 
men.  He  would  sacrifice  his  time,  comfort,  and  means,  for  the  sake  of 
serving  a  friend.  There  was  no  calculation  in  his  friendships,  but  they 
were  led  by  the  native  sympathies  of  his  generous  soul,  and  were  really 
prized  by  him  as  a  means  of  advancing  the  interests  and  happiness  of 
others. 

See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications  :  Art.  in  "Sprague's  Annals"  on  Rev.  H.  Schoonmaker. — 
Editorials  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  1830-3. 

Westerfield,  Wm.,  Jr.,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Aug.  21,  1844;    Coll.  C.N.Y.,  64,  U.S.  68: 
student  at  Halle  and  Tiibingen,   Ger.,  68-9,  ord.   Cong.,  Oct.   10,   1871  ; 
(Morrisania,  N.Y.,  71-4)  ;    in  Europe,  75,  Jersey  City,  76-85,  Hamilton 
Grange,  N.Y.C.,  89-90,  w.  c.     Name  removed  from  roll,  1905. 
Westerlo,  Eilardus  (s.  of  Rev.  Isaac  Westerlo,  pastor  at  Groningen),  b.  at 
Groningen,  Holland,  1738;    matriculated  at  Groningen  University,  Oct. 
11,   1754,   for  study  of   Theology;    residence  Denekamp  Transisalanus ; 
lie.    1760;      Albany,    1760-90,     d.    Dec.     26.      Also     supplied,    quarterly, 
Schaghticoke.     His  maternal  grandfather  was   Rev.   Eilardus   Reimers, 
pastor  of   Dalen,   in  Drenthe,   Holland,  after  whom  he  was  named. 
He  had  just  been  licensed  in  Holland,  when  a  call  arrived  from  the  church 
of  Albany.     He  sustained  a  high  character  for  early  attainments  and   fair 
promise.     He  was  accordingly  selected  for  this  important  field,  second  only 
to  New  York,  though  only  twenty-two  years  of   age.     He  at  once  gained 
the  character  of  an  accomplished  gentleman,  a  good  scholar,  and  a  sedulous 
student.     His  preaching  was  characterized  by  careful  preparation  and  able 
exposition.     But  while  his  ability  and  the  soundness  of  his  views  were  con- 
fessed, the  more  pious  part  of  the  church  felt  it  desirable  that  a  more  direct, 
practical,  and  experimental  character  might  be  given  to  it.    A  little  praying 
band  carried  him  and  his  ministry  to  a  throne  of  grace  (1768).     Soon  after, 


THE   MINISTRY  591 

his  mind  became  deeply  impressed  with  a  sense  of  the  responsibility  of  his 
ministerial  office,  and  with  a  conflict  as  to  his  spiritual  state.  He  then 
sought  free  and  intimate  intercourse  with  this  band,  and,  in  the  result,  the 
light  and  power  of  the  gospel  penetrated  his  soul  more  clearly  and  precious- 
ly. His  preaching  still  exhibited  the  same  thorough  preparation  and  intel- 
lectual vigor,  but  became  more  distinguished  by  spiritual  unction,  and  dis- 
criminating application  of  divine  truth  to  the  various  classes  of  hearers. 
Thus  while  his  preaching  attracted  and  gratified  the  more  cultivated  of  his 
hearers,  he  became  more  and  more  the  favorite  of  plain  and  experienced 
Christians.  The  influence  of  his  ministry  gradually  increased  nad  diffused. 
The  neighboring  churches  sought  his  counsel  and  services,  and  were  crowned 
with  bles.sings.  He  was  wise  in  council,  and  conciliating  and  peaceful  in 
his  spirit  and  course.  In  the  Coetus  and  Conferentie  strife  his  influence  was 
to  soothe  and  heal.  He  arrived  at  the  hottest  period  of  the  strife,  and 
gained  the  respect  and  confidence  of  both  parties,  though  known  to  be 
favorable  to  the  Coetus.  In  the  Revolution  he  espoused  the  principles  of 
the  Whigs,  and  boldly  avowed  them  and  consistently  adhered  to  them.  He 
married  the  widow  of  Patroon  Stephen  Van  Rensselear,  and  left  several 
children,  but  there  are  no  descendants  of  the  name  of  Westerlo. 

In  1777,  when  Burgoyne  with  his  hostile  army  was  moving  toward  Al- 
bany from  the  north,  amid  the  general  terror  that  prevailed  among  the 
friends  of  liberty,  he  appeared  calm  and  serene.  He  prudently  conducted 
his  family  to  a  place  of  safety,  but  returned  to  Albany  himself,  directed 
the  doors  of  his  church  to  be  opened,  where  prayers  were  offered  in  behalf 
of  his  country's  cause,  while  he  exhorted  the  remaining  members.  This 
was  continued  till  Burgoyne  with  his  army  became  prisoners  of  war.  He 
was  assisted  in  these  services  by  Dr.  Livingston,  who  was  his  brother-in- 
law.  In  1782,  when  General  Washington  visited  Albany,  he  delivered  the 
address  of  welcome.  He  began  to  preach  in  English  in  1782.  He  derived 
much  pleasure  from  an  extensive  correspondence  with  several  eminent 
ministers  of  his  own  and  of  other  denominations.  Among  these  were 
Livingston,  Laidlie,  Meyer,  Rodgers,  Mason  and  Stiles.  The  latter  was 
the  president  of  Yale  College,  and  well  known  as  an  antiquary  and  scholar 
of  various  learning.  He  corresponded  with  him  in  Latin,  and  even  occa- 
sionally in  Hebrew.  Dr.  Stiles  came  to  Albany  to  visit  him  once,  but  Dr. 
Westerlo  was  in  New  York,  and  these  great  men  never  met  each  other. 
Dr.  Stiles  said  of  him  that  he  wrote  Latin  in  greater  purity  than  any  man 
he  had  ever  known.  In  few  men  did  greater  and  more  amiable  qualities 
unite. 

His  last  sickness  affected  his  mind  and  rendered  him  melancholy  for  a 
while,  but  his  mind  became  again  serene,  and  he  was  cheerful  and  happy. 
A  little  before  his  death  his  house  was  filled  with  his  people,  who  came 
from  all  parts  of  the  city  to  see  him,  and  he  left  them  with  his  blessing, 
in  such  a  solemn  manner  that  it  was  thought  that  he  did  as  much  good  in  his 
death  as  in  his  life.  See  "Dr.  Rogers'  Historical  Discourse."  "Mag. 
R.D.C."  ii.  15,  347.     "Sprague's  Annals."     "Munsell's  Annals,"  i.  118,  121. 

Publications:  Autobiography,  containing  many  references  to  the  cir- 
cumstances of  the  times,  1761-90.  MSS. — "A  Greek  Lexicon."  MSS. — 
"A  Hebrew  Lexicon."  MSS. — Translation  from  the  Dutch  of  Alberthoma's 
Catechism,  1790.     2d  ed.  1805. 

Westervelt,  John  P.,  b.  at  Paramus,  N.J.,  Nov.  7,  1816;  R.C.  (1837),  teach- 
ing in  Lafayette  Academy,  Hackensack,  1838,  teaching  in  private  and  in 
female  seminaries  in  N.Y.C.  and  Brooklyn,  1839-44;  studied  theology 
under  Rev.  Albert  Amerman,  lie.  by  CI.  Union  (T.R.D.C),  1845 
(Johnstown  and  Mayfield,  Independent,  1845-55)  ;  (Presbyterian).  S.S. 
at  Ephratah,  1858-9,  d.  1879,  Jan.  15. 

His  health  failing  he  was  obliged  to  relinquish  the  pastorate.  He  then 
devoted  himself  to  study  and  became  a  distinguished  linguist.  See  Manual, 
1902. 


592  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

Publications  :    Translation  from  the  Dutch  of  Van  der  Palm's  Life  and 
Sermons.     1865. — Contributions  to  the  "Princeton  Rev.,"  as  follows:    Ar- 
ticle on  Van  der  Palm,  1861 ;   on  Bilderdijk,  1862;  on  Strauss  and  Schleier- 
macher,  1866.    Also  several  articles  in  "McCintock's  Cyc." 
Westervelt,  Ralph  A.,  b.   1777    (son-in-law  of   S.  Froeligh),  studied  under 
his  father-in-law,  1.  CI.  Paramus,  1801 ;    Rochester,  Wawarsing,  1802-8, 
and    Clove,    1807-8,    Bethlehem    and    Coeymans,    1808-15,    Wynantskill, 
1815-23,  d.  Apr.  12,  while  preparing  to  secede. 
Westervelt,  Sam.  D.     N.Y.U.  1839,  1.  by  Seceders,  1839;    New  York,  1839- 

50,  became  a  Presbyt.     Sketch  in  "McClintock's  and  Strong's  Cyc." 
Westervelt,  Theodore  R.,  b.  Teaneck,  N.J.,  Aug.   18,  1880.     In  class  1909, 

R.C.,  N.B.S.  1910.    Missionary  African  Inland  Mission,  1910. 
Westfall,  Benj.  B.,  b.  at  Claverack,  1798;   U.C.  1823,  N.B.S.  1826,  1.  CI.  N.B. 
1826;     Miss    .at    Sand    Beach,    1827-8,    Rochester   and    Clove,    1828-34, 
Rochester,  1834-8,  Stone  Arabia  and  Ephratah,  1838-44,  d. 
He  had  a  deep  religious  experience.    This  made  him  eminent  as  an  evan- 
gelist although  in  theology  he  was  a  rigid  Calvinist.    See  Manual,  1902. 
Westfall,  Simon  V.  E.,  b.  at  Rhinebeck,  1802;    R.C.  1831,  N.B.S.  1834,  I.  Q. 
Rensselaer,  1834,  Hyde  Park,  1834-7,  Union  and  Salem,  1837-47,  Miss, 
in  Illinois,  1847-8,  Pekin,  1849-53,  Vanderveer,  1853,  Pekin,  1853-6,  d. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Westing,  Evert,  b.  Dec.  20,  1839,  Bierum,  Neth.     Holland  Academy.     U.P. 
Sem.,   Monmouth,   111.      (Summitsville,   U.P.   Ch.),   Bethel,    la.,   Otley, 
la.,   1882-86,   Bella,  Neb.,   Rotterdam,  Kan.,   1894-1896,  emeritus,   1898- 
1909,  d.  June  7.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1910,  833. 
Westveer,  Adrian,  b.  in  Holland,  Nov.  2,  1840;    R.C.  65,  N.B.S.  68,  1.  CI. 
Holland;   Westerlo,  68-9,  Clarksville,  69-71,  Clymer  Village,  71-2,  Wilt- 
wyck,  72-4,  Shokan,  74-6,  Berea,  82-7,  Stanton,  87-90,  S.S.  in  Presbyt. 
ch.,  90-2,  Wyckoff,  1892-1904,  Stanton,  N.J.,  1904-09,  New  Salem  and 
Clarksville,   1909-11,  Pottersville,   1911-17,  d.  June  30.     See  Min.  Gen. 
Syn.,   1918,   596. 
Wettstein,  Adalbert  Q.    1.  by  Presbytery  of  Newark,  1918.     Far  Rockaway, 

N.Y.,    1918-1920,  Hoboken,   N.J.,   German   Evangelical,    1921 

Weyberg,  Casparus  Diederus.  Easton,  Pa.,  Ap.-Oct.,  1763,  Philadelphia, 
1763-90,  d. 
He  was  a  Swiss  by  birth,  and  after  being  educated  in  Europe,  came  as  a 
minister  to  this  country,  about  1763.  He  left  Easton  so  soon  on  account  of 
the  large  size  of  the  circuit.  But  in  Philadelphia  he  found  sad  feuds  in 
the  congregation.  The  previous  pastorates  had  been  brief.  The  church 
was  the  reproach  of  the  world.  But  with  his  arrival  peace  and  prosperity 
began.  He  was  a  warm  patriot  and  defender  of  the  cause  of  liberty  in  the 
Revolutionary  struggle.  He  became  a  chaplain  in  the  army.  When  the 
British  held  Philadelphia,  he  preached  to  the  Hessian  troops,  and  boldly 
vindicated  the  American  cause.  He  denounced  the  wickedness  of  the  op- 
pressors. Not  a  few  of  the  Hessian  troops  deserted  the  British  flag,  through 
his  preaching.  He  was  cast  into  prison,  and  his  church  was  used  as  a  hos- 
pital. 

He  was  remarkable  for  his  calm  determination.     He  took  an  independent 
course  in  his  ministry,  not  caring  for  the  judgment  of  men.     He  was  an 
earnest  preacher,  though  with  an  impediment  in  his  voice. 
Weyberg,  Philip.     In  Pennsylvania,  176 — 17 — .     One  of  the  original  trus- 
tees of  Q.C.,  1770. 
Wheaton,  see  Lyman-Wheaton. 

Whistler,  George  H.     Candidate,  Classis  of  Newark,  1913.     Not  ordained. 
Whitacre,  H.  W.    Tulsa,  Okl.,  1908. 

Whitbeck,  Andrew,  studied  under  Livingston?    1.  1803  (?) 
Whitbeck,  John,  b.  Nov.  12,  1812,  in  Coxsackie,  N.Y. ;    R.C.  ZJ^,  N.B.S.  40, 
1.  CI.  N.B.,  Waterford,  41-8,   S.S.,   Henderson,  49-50,  Arcadia,  50-52, 
Caroline,  52-68,  w.  c.     Died  Oct.   12,   1888.     See  "Mints.   Gen.   Syn.," 
1889,  914.     "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.,  R.C,"  1889,  15. 


THE   MINISTRY  593 

Whitbeck,  Richard  M.,  b.  Livingston,  N.Y.,  March  7,  1838.  R.C.  1859, 
N.B.S.  62,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  Mapletown  and  Currytown  (and  S.S.,  Buel, 
Presbyt.),  1863-4,  Tyre,  1865-8.  School  Commissioner,  ist  District, 
Columbia  Co.,  N.Y.,  1876-9. 

White,  Benjamin  Franklin,  b.  Paterson,  N.J.,  April  7,  1873.  In  Class  1901, 
R.C,  N.B.S.  1904,  1.  by  CI.  Passaic.  Three  Bridges,  N.J.,  1904-10, 
Germantown,  N.Y.,  1910 

White.  Erskine  Norman,  b.  N.Y.C.,  May  31,  1833;  Y.C.  54.  U.T.S.  57, 
lie.  Presbyt.  N.Y.,  57;  stud.  Halle,  Ger.,  57-8;  ord.  by  Classis  N.Y., 
June  9,  59;  Richmond,  S.I.,  59-62,  New  Rochelle  (Presb.),  62-8,  Buf- 
falo, Westminster  Ch.,  68-74,  West  23d  St.,  N.Y.C.,  74-86;  Cor.  Sec. 
Bd.  Ch.  Erection,  U.S.A.,  1886.  D.D.  by  U.N.Y.,  1874. 
Publications  :    "Personal  Influence  of  Lincoln,"   1865. — "Hist.  33rd  St» 

Ch.,  N.Y.C.,"  1876.— 50th  Anniversary  of  same,  1884.— "Why  Infants  Are 

Baptized,"  1900. 

White,  Geo.  W.C.  1861,  Aub.  S.  1864,  lie.  Presbyt.  Cayuga,  1863;  Schagh- 
ticoke.  1864-9,  d.  1870. 

Whitehead,  Chas..  b.  i8gi  ;  D.C.  1823,  N.B.S.  1826,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia, 
1826  (Batavia,  Presb.,  1827-8)  ;  Hopewell.  1828-35,  Somerville,  2d, 
1835-9  (Fishkill,  Presbt.,  1840-2),  Walden,  1842-9,  Houston  St.,  N.Y.C.. 
1849,  Poughkeepsie.  2d,  1849-52,  Washington  Heights,  1853-61,  Chap- 
lain in  City  Hospital,  1861-73.  d. 
A  true  "Son  of  Consolation."     See  Manual,  1902. 

Whitehead,  John  E..  b.  N.Y.C.,  Nov.  13,  1823.  R.C.  1844,  N.B.S.  1844-5. 
U.S.  1845.     M.D.,  Col.  P.  and  S.,  1864.     Teacher,  d.  Feb.  22,  1892. 

Whitehead.  Joseph  Henry,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Oct.  18,  1847;  W.C.  69,  U.S.  -^^i, 
lie.  Presb.  N.Y. ;  Pompton  Plains,  72-84  (ist  Presb.,  East  Orange,  N.J., 
84-6).  Passaic,  North,  1886-1905,  Wortendyke.  N.J..  Trinity.  1905-18. 
P.Em.,  1918-20,  d.  Oct.  21.  Member  of  Bd.  of  F.M.,  1890-1920.  Sec. 
of  Bd.  of  F.M.,  1905-1920. 
He  was  a  preacher  of  iftiusual  force.  See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1921,  dj^z. 
Publications:    "Hist,   of  the   North  Church  of    Passaic,"   in   "Hist,  of 

Classis  of  Paramus." 

Whitehurst,  Jacob,  b.  in  Cheshire,  Eng.,  1839;  Brooklyn  Lay  Coll..  April, 
75;  lie.  CI.  L.I.;  ord.  ditto,  TJ ;  Miss,  pastor  of  Bethany  Chapel,  Brook- 
lyn. 77-81. 

Whiting.  — .     Princetown,  18 — 1822?  became  a  Baptist. 

Whitney,  William  W.,  b.  1832.  In  M.E.  Church  until  1886.  Ephratah,  N.Y., 
1885-8.  Linlithgo,  N.Y..  1889-93,  North  Blenheim,  N.Y.,  1896-99,  S.S., 
Dashville  Falls  and  Ghent.  1901,  Cuddebackville,  N.Y.,  1901-10,  d.  May 
22).    Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1910.  833. 

Whittaker.  Chs.  H.     Lower  Walpeck.  1893-1900. 

Wichers,  John  W.,  b.  Zeeland,  Mich..  March  11,  1888.  H.C.  1910,  P.S.  1914, 
1.  by  CI.  Holland.  Post  Graduate,  Edinburgh  University,  1914-15,  d. 
April  9,  1918.     Min.  Gen.  Syn..  1918.  600. 

Wick.  Robert  Kerr,  b.  Grove  City.  Pa.,  Dec.  9,  1861 ;  Westminster  Col., 
Pa..  1882;  U.T.S.  1883-6;  ord.  by  Presb.  Rochester,  Sept.  30,  1886 
(Pre.sbyt..  Sparta,  N.Y.,  1886-90)  ;  Jersey  City.  Wayne  St,  1890-99, 
Jamaica,  1899 

Wiersma,  Fcdde  M..  b.  Aug.  16.  1866,  Hallum.  Neth.  H.C.  1899,  W.T.S. 
1902,  1.  by  CI.  Wis.  Rehoboth,  Lucas,  Mich.,  1903-05,  Rotterdam,  Kan., 
1906-08.  Pella,  Neb.,  1908-11,  Sodus,  N.Y..  1911-13,  Classical  Mission- 
ary, South  Blendon,  Mich.,  1913-21.  Harlem,  Mich..  1921 

Wiersum.  Harry  J.,  b.  Chicago,  July  16,  1874.  H.C.  1896,  P.S.  99.  lie.  and 
ord.  by  CI.  of  Iowa,  Sept.,  99;  Missionary  in  Arabia,  1899-1901,  d.  Aug. 
4.     Min.  Gen.  Sj'n.,   1902,  213. 

Wiggins,  Ebenezer,  b.  1813.  U.N.Y.  1834,  tutor  in  R.C.  in  Anc.  Langs., 
1836,  N.B.S.  1837.  1.  C!..  1837;  Totowa.  1837-56.  Manhattan,  N.Y.C., 
1857-70,  d.  1878.    D.D. 


594  THE  REFORMED   CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

Wightman,  John  C,  b.  Portadown,  Ireland.  Ulster  National  College, 
Moody's  Schools,  Andover  Sem.,  1.  by  Cong.  Ministerial  Ass.,  Frank- 
lin Co.,  Mass.,  1896.  (Cong.,  Wendell  Moores'  Corner,  Leverett,  South 
Williamstown,  Mass).  Linlithgo  at  Livingston,  N.Y.,  1904-11,  Roches- 
ter, Accord,  N.Y.,  1911-14.  (Hampshire  Co.,  Mass.  Pastor  at  large  of 
Congregational  Chs.,  1914 ). 

Wilber,  Francis  Edmond,  b.  New  Brunswick,  N.J.,  Dec.  9,  1884.  R.C. 
1905,  Hartford  Sem.  1908-10,  N.B.S.  191 1,  ord.  by  CI.  N.B.  191 1.  Mis- 
sionary under  International  Y.M.C.A.,  North  China,  1911-17,  Y.M.C.A. 
War  Work,  1917-19,  Presbyterian  Labor  Temple,  N.Y.C.,  1919-20. 
(Cong.,  Bound  Brook,  N.J.,  1921 ). 

Wilcox,  A.  J.    S.S.,  Cicero,  N.Y.,  1892. 

Wilcox,  Wm.  W.,  b.  Dec.  9,  1867,  Craigsville.  N.Y.  Syracuse  Univ.  and 
N.Y.  Univ.  1894.  M.E.  Conference  Course  of  Study,  1.  by  Central  N.Y. 
Conference  M.E.  Ch.  1892.  M.E.  pastorates — Entered  Ref.  Ch.,  1916. 
Editor  and  Publisher,  Walden  Citizens'  Herald,  1913-18,  Army  Y.M.C.A. 
District  Director  and  Camp  Gen.  Sec,  1918-20. 

Wiley,  Chs.,  b.  May  30,  1810,  C.C.  and  C.N. J.,  1825,  30-1,  Aub.  Sem.,  35-6, 
New  Haven  Sem.;  ord.  by  Northampton  Council,  Nov.  8,  ij  (North- 
ampton, Mass.,  37-45)  ;  Utica,  45-55,  Pres.  of  Milwaukee  University, 
55-7,  Lafayette,  Ind.,  58-9,  Birmingham,  Ct.,  59,  Geneva,  N.Y.,  59-65, 
teaching  in  private  school,  Hackensack,  66-71,  died  Dec.  21,  1878.  D.D. 
Publications:  Edited  "Ordo  Series  of  the  Classics";  "Caesar's  Com- 
mentaries," 1873,  "Cicero's  Orations,"  "Virgil's  ^nid,"  1874   (Holt  &  Co.). 

— "Principles  of   Love*  to   God,"   1850. — "Ten   Reasons  Why  I   Am  Not  a 

Churchman,"  1864. — Addresses,  1852;    one  commem.  of  Hon.  Edward  Ever- 
ett, 1865. 

Wiley,  Edward  C,  b.  Dorset,  Vt.,  June  11,  1858;  Wms.  Col.  81,  Aub.  Sem. 
89,  ord.  by  Presbyt.  Geneva,  May  14,  89  (settlements  in  Presbyt.  ch.)  ; 
Fort  Miller,  S.S.,  1900-2. 

Wilkinson,  A.  J.     Timmonsville,  S.C.,   1912 

Will,  Peter  (London,  Eng..  17 — 1802),  Ger.  Ref.,  N.Y.C.,  1802-4,  returned 
to  Europe. 

Willets,  Alphonso  A.  From  M.E.  Church  1849;  Philadelphia,  ist,  1849-60, 
Brooklyn,  1860-5,  Lee  Avenue.  Brooklyn,  1865-6  (Arch  St.,  Philadel- 
phia, Presbyt.). 

Williams,  David  F.,  b.  Baltimore,  Md.,  Feb.  4,  1854.  From  Methodists; 
ord.  by  CI.  N.B.  1884,  N.B.S.  86,  New  Salem,  N.Y.,  86-87,  S.S.,  Kiska- 
tom,  87-8;  Livingston  at  Linlithgo.  97-8,  S.S.,  Ephratah,  1904.  Pres- 
byterian Home  Missionary,  Black  Hills,  S.D.,  d.  Feb.  25,  1915.  Min. 
Gen.  Syn.,  191 5,  605. 

Williams,  Melanchton  B.,  C.N.J.  1814;    Lysander,  34-7. 

Williams,  Richard  R.,  b.  Waterford,  Ireland,  Sept.  19,  1843;    U.S.  70,  ord. 
CI.   Montgomery,   70;     Canajoharie.   70-83,   engaged   in   editorial   work, 
1883-1915,  d.  Sept.  30. 
For  many  years  he  was  editor  of  the  Iron  Age,  and  superintendent  of  the 

S.S.  of  the  Classon  Ave.  Pres.  Ch.,  Brooklyn.     See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1916, 

933- 

Williams,  Robt.  George,  b.  Festiniog,  N.  Wales,  G.B.,  July  13,  1838;    C.N.J. 
.70,    P.S.    72)',     ord.    CI.    N.B.,    Jan.    21,    74;     Griggstown,    N.J.,    74-7 
(Presbyt.).     See  "Princeton  Sem.  Cat." 

Williamson,  George  R.,  b.  at  Caldwell,  N.Y.,  1823;    R.C.  40,  N.B.S.  43,  1. 
CI.  N.Y. ;  Ghent,  2d,  44-8,  Newark,  2d,  48-9,  Amity,  49-52,  died  Septem- 
ber 4,  caused  by  explosion  of  boiler  on  steamboat  Reindeer. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Publications:   "The  Gathered  Flower."    "Memoir  of  Rev.  David  Abeel." 

1848.     See   "Princeton   Review,"  xx.  309. 

Williamson,  J.  F.,  b.  Sidney,  N.J.,  April  7,  1856.  Laf.  Col.  1878,  U.S.  1881. 
(Pres.,  Glen  Cove,  L.I.,  1881-7,  Kingston,  ist,  1887-99).  Annandale, 
N.J.,  1902-03,  d.  Dec.  4.    Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1904,  844. 


THE   MINISTRY  595 

Williamson,  N.  DuBois  (grandson  of  Rev.  W.  R.  Smith),  b.  at  Flagtown, 
N.J..  Dec.  2,  1819;  R.C.  40,  N.B.S.  43,  He  and  ord.  CI.  Philadelphia; 
Pekin,  43-8,  Cicero,  49-50,  Chatham,  50-1,  Glenville,  2d,  51-5,  Wawar- 
sing,  55-61,  Pekin  (S.S.),  61-2,  Chicago,  Livingston  Ch.,  62-5,  Havana, 
65-6,  Sab.  School  Miss,  in  Chicago,  66-70,  Norris,  111.,  70-2,  South  Bend, 
Ind.,  1872-96,  d.  Sept.  12.  Also  Western  Miss,  of  R.C.A..  1871. 
Although  long  troubled  with  ill  health,  with  great  devotion  to  his  Master's 
cause  he  performed  the  service  of  a  robust  man.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  "Reminiscences  of  Dr.  Peter  Labagh."  In  "Todd's 
Memoir  of  Labagh." — Scr.  on  Death  of  Rev.  Geo.  R.  Williamson.  In 
"Cypress  Wreath." — Mem.  Ser.  of  Prof.  Benjamin  Wilcox,  the  successful' 
Christian  Teacher,  South  Bend.  1875. — "God's  Highway  for  our  Church."' 
1875. — Sermon  at  funeral  of  Hon.  Schuyler  Colfax,  1888.  Many  contribu- 
tions to  the  press. 

Williamson,  Peter  S.     C.N.J.   1824,  N.B.S.   1834,  1-  CI.  Philadelphia,  1834; 
Rockaway,    1835-9,    Brooklyn,    4th     (WallalDout),    1841-2,    teaching    at 
Schodack  Academy.   1843,  at  Belleville,   1843-6,  at  Jamaica,   1846-52,  at 
San  Francisco,   1852-80,  d. 
William.son,  Wm.  Hall,  b.  Flagtown,  N.J.,  Apr.  26,  1855;    R.C.  yz,  N.B.S. 
81,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;    Annandale,  81-3,  Tappan,  83-9,  Irving  Park,  Chicago, 
89-92,  Grand  Rapids,  i.st,  92-9,  Philadelphia,  2nd,  1899-1905,  d.  April  22. 
Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1905,  287. 
Willis,  Ralph,  b.  in   London,  England,  Aug.   16,   1815.     Came  to  America, 
1830;    R.C.  39,  N.B.S.  42,  lie.  CI.  Philadelphia;    Bethlehem.  42-51,  Free- 
hold,   1st    (Marlboro),    51-68,    Spotswood,    68-80,    Rector    of    Hertzog 
Hall,  New  Brunswick  Seminary,  80-8;    died  March  16,  1895. 
He  was  a  good  man,  very  useful  in  each  of  his  pastorates,  especially  at 
Spotswood.     While  there  he  became  Superintendent  of  Schools  for  Middle- 
sex County,  which  office  he  held  with  eminent  success  for  twenty  years. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  "Recollections  of  Dr.  W.  H.  Campbell";  in  "Memorial," 
81. 

Willoughby.   Henry  Clifford,  b.   Newark,   N.J.,   Mar.   6,    1866;    N.B.S.  96, 
1.    CI.    Newark;     Philadelphia    (Talmage    Memorial),    1896-1903,    Fort 

Plain,  N.Y.,   1904-16,   Schenectady,   N.Y.,  Woodlawn,    1916 

Wilson,  Ab.  D.,  b.  at  Amwell,  N.J.,  Nov.  15,  1789;    Q.C.  181 1,  N.B.S.  15, 

1.   CI.    N.B.;    New   Prospect   and    Shawangunk,    16-29,    North   Branch, 

31-8,  Miss,  to  Illinois,  38-41,  Fairview,  41-56,  w.  c.     Died  July  21,  1876. 

He  visited   Fairview,   111.,   in   1837,  but  did   not   finally   locate   there   until 

September,  1838.     He  will  ever  be  known  and  esteemed  in  our  church  as  the 

"father  of  Western  missions.     Parishioners  and   friends   from  New  Jersey 

began  to  locate  in  Central  Illinois ;    he  cast  in  his  lot  among  them,  and  for 

more  than  twenty  years  ministered  more  or  less  to  the  spiritual  wants  of  the 

settlements.     Hence  the  Classis  of  Illinois,  and  the  strong  mother  church  of 

Fairview.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Wilson,  Chs.  W.   (nephew  of  E.  Nevius),  b.  at  Ovid,  N.Y.,  1826;    R.C.  61, 

N.B.S.  63,  1.  Cl.  Geneva;    Miss,  at  Kewaskum,  1864-7.  at  Two  Rivers, 

1867-77,  d-  Jan.  21.     See  "Manual  of  1879." 

Wil.son,    Ferdinand    Schenck,   b.   at   Millstone,    N.J.,    Sept.    2d,    1864;     R.C. 

88,  N.B.S.  91,  1.  Cl.  N.B.;    Pompton,  N.J.,   1891-1902,  Bayonne,  N.J., 

5th    St.,    1902-20,    Paterson,   N.J.,    Church   of   the    Covenant,    1920 . 

Pres.  Bd.  of  Publication  and  Bible  School  Work. 
Wilson,  Fred.  F.,  b.  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,   1830;    R.C.  59,  N.B.S.  62,  1.  Cl. 
Raritan  ;    Glenville,  2d,  64-70,  Mohawk,  70-2,  Cato,  N.Y.,  72-3,  Boonton, 
1873-6,  A.sbury  Park,  76-8,  Wilcox,   Pa.,  78-9,  Cold  Spring.  86-7,  sup- 
plied  various    churches,    1879-90,    d.    Oct.    16,    1910.      Min.    Gtn.    S3T1., 
1911,  268. 
Publications:    "Semi-Centennial  of  Ref.  Ch.,  Glenville."     1868. — "Hist, 
of  25  Yrs.  at  Asbury  Park,  N.J.,"  1902. 


596  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH   IN   AMERICA 

Wilson,  Hugh  Nesbit,  b.  at  Elizabeth,  NJ.,  May  7,  1813;  C.NJ.  30,  P.S. 
34,  lie.  Presbyt.  Elizabeth,  Apr.  23,  and  ord.  by  same  at  Evang.,  Oct.  7, 
35;  (Southampton,  L.I.,  35-52,  Hackettstown,  N.J.,  52-8)  ;  New  Bruns- 
wick, 2d,  58-62;  (S.S.,  Southampton,  L.I.,  63-7),  died  1878.  June  4. 
Director  of  Princeton  Sem.,  1851-8.  See  "Manual  of  1879."  D.D.  by 
U.V.,  1852. 

Wilson,  James  B.,  b.  near  Somerville,  N.J.,   1824;    R.C.  48,   N.B.S.  51,  1. 
CI.  N.B. ;    Long  Branch,  51-78,  Long  Branch,  2d,  78-80,  Jericho,  L.I., 
80-82,   Bloomingburgh,   N.Y.,  82-1886,  d.   Mar.  22. 
He  was  the  founder  of  four  churches  at  Long  Branch,  N.J.,  and  vicinity. 

He  was  the  founder  and  Father  of  the  Reformed  Ch.  at  Asbury  Park, 

N.J.,  where  so  many  sessions  of  our  General  Synod  have  been  held  since 

1890. 
Publications:    "A   Remembrance  of   the   Past";    a   Decennial   Sermon, 

1861. — Hist.  Ser.  at  Bloomingburgh,  N.Y.,  1820-85. 

Wilson,  Joseph,  b.  1797;  C.N.J. ;  N.B.S.  1821,  1.  CI.  N.B.  21;  (Middletown 
and  Cantivell's  Bridge,  Presbyt.  of  New  Castle,  22-30,  Greenbush  Vil- 
lage, Presbyt.,  30-2),  Westerlo,  32-4,  Athens,  34-6,  Principal  of  Pough- 
keepsie  Female  Inst.,  36-8,  Fairfield  and  Little  Falls,  38-45,  Tarry- 
town,  45-9,  Fairfield,  49-73,  w.  c,  died  1878,  May  i. 
His  ministry  was  blessed  by  several  revivals  of  religion,  the  greatest  of 

which  was  at  Fairfield,  N.J.,  during  the  awakening  of  1857-8,  when  nearly 

every  adult  in  his  congregation,  who  was  not  previously  a  member,  was 

brought  into  the  communion  of  his  church. 

Mr.  Wilson  was  a  genial,  modest,  quiet,  retiring  man,  a  consistent  Chris- 
tian, a  faithful  minister,  an  instructive  preacher  and  sympathizing  pastor, 

and  everywhere  he  was  the  "man  of  God."     See  Manual  of  1879. 
Publications:    "Selfishness  and  its  Remedy." 

Wilson,  Peter  Q.  (brother  of  Fred.  F.  Wilson),  b.  1831,  at  Roycefield,  N.J. ; 
R.C.  58,  N.B.S.  61,  1.  CI.  Raritan ;  Greenbush,  1861-6,  ( Spencertown, 
N.Y.,  Presbyt.,  1866 — ),  S.S.,  Guttenberg,  1875,  S.S.,  Ponds,  1877-9, 
S.S.,  Blue  Mountain,  79-82,  S.S.,  Ephratah,  82-5,  S.S.,  Cranesville,  86-7, 
w.  c.  Died  Feb.  26,  1902.  See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1902,  215. 
Publications  :     Hist.    Discourse    at    Ponds,    170th    Anniversary    of    Ch. 

1880.— "Hist.  Ch.  Ephratah,  N.Y."     1885.— "Life  of  Rev.  Sumner  Mande- 

ville,  of  Masonville,  N.Y." 

Winant,  Walter,  b.  Jersey  City,  N.J.,  May  17,  1865;  R.C;  N.B.S.  92,  1. 
CI.  Paramus ;  Berea,  N.Y.,  92-4,  Coxsackie,  ist,  94-1897.  Retired  be- 
cause of  ill  health.     Business. 

Windemuth,  George,  Melrose,  1870-6,  Hackensack,  3rd,  77-1880. 

Winfield,  Aaron  B.,  b.  at  Montague,  N.J.,  Dec.  13,  1815.    R.C.  1839,  N.B.S. 
1842,  1.  CI.  Orange,   1842;     (Friendsville,  Pa..  Presbyt.),   1842-4.  Sand 
Beach,    1844-51,   Paramus,   1851-6.   emeritus,   d.   Nov.    17. 
See  Manual  of  1879;    also  "Hist.  Classis  of  Paramus,"  1902. 
Publications  :    Ser.  at  the  Funerals  of  J.  G.  S.  and  G.  W.  S.  Van  Nest, 

and  Mrs.   P.  Wyckoff,  murdered  by  W.   Freeman,  near  Auburn.     1846. — 

"Christian   Baptism."     1849. — "Antidote  to   Universalism."     1850. — "Safety 

and  Sure  Defense  of  Zion."    With  a  History  of  R.D.C.  Paramus.     1853. 

Winne,  John  E.,  b.  Castleton,  N.Y.,  Nov.  13,  1861.  U.C.  1888,  N.B.S.  91,  1. 
CI.  Rensselaer;  ord.  as  a  Home  Missionary  by  CI.  Ulster,  91;  Wilt- 
wyck,  (Kingston),  1891-1902,  Kiskatom,  1907-09,  Helderberg  (Guilder- 
land  Center),  1909-11,  Cortland,  N.Y.,  S.S.,  191 1.     Presbyterian,  1913. 

Winter.  Egbert,  b.  in  Neths.,  Jan.  5,  1836;  R.C.  60,  N.B.S.  di.  1.  CI.  Holland, 
Cuddebackville,  63-6,  Bella,  ist,  66-84,  Grand  Rapids,  2d,  84-95,  Prof. 
Did.  and  Pol.  Theology,  Western  Th.  Sem.,  1895-1904,  d.  Dec.  2,  1906. 
D.D.  by  Heidelberg  IJniv.  and  H.C..  1890.  See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1907, 
918. 
Dr.  Winter  was  faithful  as  a  pastor  and  during  the  many  years  he  was 

connected  with  the  western  institutions  of  the  Reformed  Church,  he  dis- 


THE   MINISTRY  597 

charged  all  his  duties  well.     Nor  did  his  interest  ever  cease,  nor  did  he 

limit   himself   to   spoken   word   but   used   his  pen   for   the   advancement  of 

Christ's  Kingdom. 

Publications:     "What    is    Inspiration?"    an    Answer    to    Dr.    John    De 

Witt's  Book  on  Inspiration.     1894.     Many  articles  in  the  press. 

Winter,  Jerry  P.,  b.  Holland,  Mich.,  Nov.  20,  1869;  H.C.  91;  W.T.S.  94, 
1.  by  CI.  Holland;  Manito  and  Spring  Lake,  111.,  94-7,  South  Bend, 
Ind.,  97-99,  Orange  City,  la.,  1899-1909,  S.S.,  Sandham,  1902,  Sandham, 

1908,  Clinton,  Okl..  1909-11,  Fairview,  111.,  191 1 .     Member  Council 

H.C.  Bd.  Supt.  W.T.S. 
Publications:    Articles  for  the  Leader,  etc. 

Winter,  Jurry  E.,  b.  Holland,  Mich.,  April  9,  i873-  H.C.  1898,  W.T.S. 
1901,  1.  by  CI.  Holland.  Monroe,  S.D.,  1901-05,  Sioux  Falls,  1905-08, 
Monroe,  S.D.,  1908-10,  Maurice,  la.,  2d,  1911-12,  d.  Jan.  10,  1914.  Min. 
Gen.  Syn.,  1914,  254. 

Wirth,  Albert  E.,  b.  Germany.  Bloomfield  Acd.  1887,  and  Sem.  1890,  1.  by 
Pres.  Hudson.      (Ger.  Pres.,  Nyack,   1890-92,  Elizabeth,  N.J.,   ist  Ger., 

1892-6,  Cincinnati,   ist  Ger.,  1906-18).     N.Y.C.,  4th  German,  1919 . 

Editor  Deutscher  Evangelist,  1895-1899. 

Wiseman,  John,  from  Ind.  Ch.,  England,  1851 ;  S.S.,  Stone  House  Plains, 
51-2. 

Wolfe,  Geo.  L.,  b.  at  Lewes,  Del.,  1837;  Danville  Sem.,  Ky.,  59-61,  P.S. 
61-2,  lie.  Presb.  Lewes,  61;  ord.  CI.  Bergen,  y},;  Jersey  City  (Central 
Av.).  74-5;  to  Presbvt.  West  Hanover,  Va.,  1877.  See  "P.  Sem.  Gen. 
Cat." 

Wolfe,  W.,  came  from  Germany,  1853 ;  S.S.,  Jefifersonville,  53-4,  Naumberg 
and  New  Bremen,  56-60,  Miss,  to  Hackensack,  3d,  62,  Warren  and 
Plainfield.  65-6. 

Wolff,  Chs.  H.  H.,  b.  in  Holland  about  1840;  Amsterdam  Gymnasium; 
Aub.  S.  1870;  ord.  by  Presbyt.  Auburn;  Miss,  and  teaching  at  Yoko- 
hama, Feb.,  1871-2,  Dec.;  teaching  at  Hirosaki,  in  the  north  of  Niphon, 
Dec,  1872-3,  Dec. ;  at  Nagasaki,  Feb.,  1874-5,  when  his  relations  to  the 
For.  Miss.  Bd.  of  R.C.A.  ceased;  Government  Schools  in  Japan,  1875- 
82.     Name  removed  from  roll,  1905. 

Wolterink,  John,  b.  Overisel,  Mich.,  April  21,  1884  .  H.C.  1909,  W.T.S.  1912, 
1.  by  CI.  Holland.  Clymer  Hill,  N.Y.,  1912-14,  Marion,  N.Y.,  2d,  1914- 
21,  Baldwin,  Wis.,   1921- 

Wolvius,  Wm.,  b.  Niezyl.  Neth.,  Feb.  19,  1866.  Calvin  Col.  1893,  W.T.S. 
1896,  1.  by  CI.  Holland,  East  Overysel,  96-8,  Boyden,  1898-1903,  Holland, 
Mich.,  4th,  1903-07,  Fulton,  111.,  ist,  1907-11,  Graafschap,  Mich.,  1911-15, 
Randolph,  Wis.,  2d,  1915-18,  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  3d,  1918 

Wood,  Alphonso,  b.  at  Chesterfield,  N.H.,  1810;    Dartmouth  Col.  34,  A.S. ; 

lie.  Sullivan  Assoc,  N.H.,  Cong.,  yj;    joined  CI.  Westchester,  70,  never 

ordained.     Instructor  in   Kimball    Union   Academy,   N.H.,   34-49.   Prof. 

and  Pres.  Ohio  Female  College,  52-60 ;    supplied  churches  occasionally. 

Publications:    "Class-Book  of  Botany."     i2mo,  pp.  645.     Boston,  1845. 

— "First  Lessons  in  Botany."     i6mo,  pp.  255.     Boston,  1848. — -"New  Class- 

Book  of   Botany."     8vo,  pp.  869.     New  York,    i860. — "Object   Lessons   in 

Botany.  "     i2mo,  pp.  346.     New  York,  1863. — "American  Botanist  and  Flor- 
ist."   i2mo,  pp.  620.    New  York,  1870. — "Plant  Record."    8vo,  pp.  170.    New 

York.  1877. 

Wood.  Chs.  Wiltshire,  b.  Green  Bay,  Wis.,  1836;  Rochester  Univ.  64,  P.S. 
67;  (S.S.,  Oakf^eld.  N.Y.)  ;  New  Lotts.  74-7.  Cherry  Hill,  N.J.,  (S.S.), 
77-8,  S.S.,  Leeds,  1878-9.     See  "P.  Sem.  Gen.  Cat." 

Wood,  Clinton  T.,  in  CI.  of  N.Y.  1898,  with  address  Wellington,  South 
Africa.     Dismissed  to  Dutch  Reformed  Church,  South  Africa,   1904. 

Wood,  Joel.     Fort  Miller,  1840-5.     Had  been  a  missionary  to  the  Indians. 

Woodbridge,  Samuel  Merrill,  b.  Greenfield,  Mass.,  Ap.  5,  1819;  N.Y.U. 
38,  N.B.S.  41,  1.  CI.  N.Y. ;    South  Brooklyn,  41-50,  Coxsackie,  2d,  50-3, 


598  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

New  Brunswick,  2d,  53-7,  Prof,  of  Ecc.  Hist,  and  Ch.  Govt,  in  N.B. 
Sem.,  1857-1901,  Prof.  Emeritus,  1901-1905,  d.  June  24.  D.D.  by  R.C., 
1857  and  U.C,  1858.  LL.D.  by  R.C.,  1883.  Also  Professor  of  Meta- 
physics and  the   Philosophy  of   the   Human   Mind   in   Rutgers   College, 

57-64. 
See  "Life  of   Rev.   John   Woodbridge,   D.D.,"    (uncle  of    S.   M.   Wood- 
bridge),  for  a  history  of  the  family,  in  which  there  have  been  eleven  gen- 
erations   of    ministers    in    regular    succession,    beginning    with    Rev.    John 
Woodbridge,  born  in  England,  1493,  a  follower  of  Wyckliffe. 

To  few  of  his  servants  does  God  grant  a  larger  opportunity  of  usefulness 
and  very  few  are  they  who  use  their  opportunities  so  well  as  Dr.  Wood- 
bridge.  In  the  pastorate  he  was  a  prophet  and  in  the  professor's  chair  he 
was  unique.  His  strong  personality  made  dry  subjects  to  glow  with  life. 
He  was  very  tirm  in  the  faith  but  his  loving  heart  made  him  kindly  even 
toward  those  whose  opinion  he  considered  dangerous.  See  Min.  Gen.  Syn., 
1906,  609. 

Publications  :  "Principles  of  Our  Government."  A  Thanksgiving  Disc. 
1853.  In  "New  Brunswick  Fredonian." — Sermon  on  Human  Government. 
1856. — Inaugural  Disc,  as  Professor  Ecc.  Hist.  In  "Christian  Intelli- 
gencer." Dec.  1857. — "On  the  Family."  In  "Nat.  Preacher." — "Power  of 
the  Bible."  Before  Aux.  Bib.  Soc,  N.B.  1865. — Address  at  150th  Anniver- 
sary of  1st  R.D.C.,  New  Brunswick.  1867.  See  "Steele's  Hist.  Disc." — 
Address  at  Centennial  of  North  R.D.C.,  N.Y.C.  1869. — Disc,  on  Benevo- 
lence. Before  Gen.  Synod  at  Albany.  In  "Ch.  Int."  June,  1871. — "Analysis 
of  Theology."  1872-5.  Second  ed.  1882. — "Faith:  Its  True  Position  in  the 
Life  of  Man."  1875. — "Manual  of  Church  History."  1895. — "Text-Book  of 
Church  Government."  18-.. . — "Historical  Theology":  An  Address  at  Cen- 
tennial of  N.B.S.  1884. — "Recollections  of  Dr.  William  H.  Campbell":  in 
"Memorial,"  iS. — Address  at  40th  Anniversary  of  his  professorship.  1897. 
Woodhull,  Selah  Strong,  b.  in  N.Y.C,  Aug.  4,  1786;    C.C.  and  Y.C.,  1802, 

studied  under  his  uncle.   Dr.  Woodhull,  of   Freehold,  and  at  P.S.;    1. 

Presbyt.  N.B.  1805;   (Bound  Brook,  Presbyt.),  1805-6,  Brooklyn,  1806- 

25,  Prof.  Ecc.  Hist,  in  N.B.S.  and  of   Metaphysics  and  Philosophy  of 

Human  Mind  in  R.C.,  1825-6,  d.    Elected  a  trustee  of  R.C.,  1825.     D.D. 

by  U.C.  1822. 
He  was  the  impersonification  of  activity,  decision,  energy,  and  perse- 
vering industry ;  you  could  see  all  this  in  his  very  expression  and  manner. 
His  motto  seemed  to  be  onward  and  onward  still  further,  upward  and  up- 
ward still  higher.  He  seemed  to  say  in  his  every  movement,  life  admits 
not  of  amusement,  or  of  procrastination,  or  even  of  useless  speculation. 
He  was  everywhere  the  thorough  man  of  business,  the  thoroughly  practical 
man.  It  is  said  of  him  that,  even  when  leaving  his  home  for  recreation, 
he  provided  himself  with  texts,  pens,  ink,  and  paper,  that  he  might  spend 
some  of  his  time  in  the  composition  of  sermons,  and  be  beforehand  with 
his  work.  His  remarks  to  the  students  when  meeting  them  for  the  first 
time  after  his  inauguration  as  professor  in  the  theological  seminary,  throw 
light  upon  his  character,  "Young  gentlemen,  you  must  expect,  while  under 
my  charge,  to  study  hard,  and  I  will  set  you  an  example."  The  example 
was  before  them  but  a  short  time.  The  professor  of  much  promise  and 
lofty  aspirations  was  very  soon  laid  low  by  disease,  resulting  in  death.  The 
church  expected  much  from  him,  and  on  good  grounds  ;  but  God  had  or- 
dered it  otherwise.  Had  he  been  permitted  to  live  and  to  retain  his  health, 
he  would  have  effected  much. — Rev.  Dr.  G.  Ludlow. — "Mag.  R.D.C.,"  i. 
140,  233,  265,  269. — "Evang.  Quarterly,"  ii.  114. — "Sprague's  Annals." — 
"Centennial  of  N.B.  Sem.,"  435. 
Woods,    John.      Gibbonsville,    1835-6,    Montville,    1838,    S.S.    at    Preakness, 

Dec,  1842-June,  1843. 
Woolsey,  A.  B.    New  Concord,  1898. 


THE    MINISTRY  599 

Wormser,  Andrew,  b.  at  Nyverdale,  Neths.,  1846;  H.C.  72,  H.S.  75.  lie. 
CI  Holland,  Bethel,  Iowa,  75-8,  Cleveland,  78-81,  Cedar  Grove,  Wis, 
81-7,  Grand  Haven,  ist,  87-90,  S.S.,  Wormser  City,  Mont.,  1891.  Dutch 
consul  and  promoter  of   Dutch  settlements,     d.   1914-     See  Mm.   Gen. 

Wormser,  Wi'Uem.  Central  Univ.,  la.,  1879,  N.B.S.  1882,  1.  CI.  N.B.; 
Passaic  (Hoi.),  1882-4,  S.S.,  Bethel  (near  Pella),  84-6,  Jamestown,  84-9. 

WorraU,  Henry  Rufus  Lantford,  M.D.,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Jan.  28,  1862;  R.C. 
84,  Dartmouth  Med.  Coll.  93,  He  by  Methodist  Epis.  Ch.  1894 ;  Mission- 
ary,   Busrah,    Arabia,    1894-1917,    practicing    medicine,    Pulaski,    Pa., 

Worthington,  William  A.,  b.  Poplar  Grove,  111.,  May  30,  1877.  In  class 
1909    RC,  N.B.S.  1909,  1.  by  CI.  Monmouth.     Missionary  to  Kentucky, 

1909^ .  '  Annville,  Gray  Haw,  etc.     Supt.  Educational  Work  of  Ref. 

Ch.  in  Mountain  of  Kentucky.  ^r  r.  o    ^      1 

Wortman,  Denis,  b.  Ap.  30,  1835,  Hopewell,  N.Y. ;  A.C.  57,  N.B.S.  60,  1. 
CI  Poughkeepsie ;  South  Bushwick,  60-3,  Philadelphia,  3d,  63-5,  Schen- 
ectady, I  St,  65-70,  supplying  churches,  70-80,  Fort  Plain,  80-83,  Sauger- 
ties  83-1901  Secretary  for  Ministerial  Relief,  1901-18.  Trustee  of 
Union  College.  1883-1901.  D.D.,  U.C,  1870.  L.H.D.,  U.C,  1904.  Pres. 
Gen.  Svn.,  1901.  ^.      x^.   .       t^  •       1 

Publications:    Reliques  of  the  Christ,   1888.     The  Divine  Processional, 
1903     Many  articles,  sermons,  addresses,  poems,  etc.     See  Manual,  1902 
Wouters.  Alexander,  b.  Antwerp,  Belgium,  Dec.  24,  1869.     Ham.  Col.  1893, 
Aub.  Sem.  1897,  1.  by  Pres.  of  St.  Lawrence  1893.     (Wyandotte,  Pres. 
Ch.,  1897-1900,  Syracuse,  Memorial  Pres.,  1900-1910).     Brooklyn,  Wil- 

liamsburgh,  191C-16.  Brooklyn,  Edgewood,  1916 .     Pres.  Presbytenal 

Union  Syracuse  and  Onondaga  Co.     Lecturer,  Dept.  Education,  N.Y.C. 
Civilian    Naval   Chaplain.    Brooklyn,    1917-18.     Lyceum   Lecturer. 
Wright,  Chs.  S.,  b.  in  Ntsw  Utrecht,  June  29,  1844.     R.C.  1873,  N.B.S.  76, 
lie.   S.  CI.   L.I.;    Flatbush  Mission,  77-83,  Jersey  City  Heights,   1883- 
1909,  w.  c.  ,.        ^      . 

Wright.  Frank  Hall  (Indian),  b.  Old  Boggy  Depot,  Indian  Territory, 
Jan  I  i860;  U.C.  82;  U.T.S.  82-5;  ord.  by  Presb.  of  Ind.  Ter.,  Aug. 
23,  85;  (missionary  at  Old  Boggy  Depot,  Ind.  Ter.,  85-90,  evangelist 
in  N.Y.  and  N.J..  90-2,  Ind.  Ter.,  92-3)  ;  in  Harlem,  N.Y.C,  having 
joined  Refd.  Ch.  in  Am.,  94-5.  Miss,  to  Blanket  Indians,  Oklahoma  Ter., 

1895 .     D.D.  by  Westminster  Col.   1917. 

Publication  :    Doubtful  Things  and  How  to  Settle  Them. 
Wright,  Roscoe  C.  b.  Central  Bridge.  N.Y.,  1872.     Pennsylvania  Col.  1895, 
Hartwick   Sem.   1897;    ord.  by  Hartwick   Synod,   1897.      (Pres.,  West 
Camp,    1897-99,  Rhinebeck,    1899-1907,   Amsterdam,    1907-11,   Highland, 

1911-13,  Millerton,  1913-18).    Chatham,  N.Y.,  1918 

Wubbena.  Albert,  b.  Shannon,  111.  H.C.  1904,  W.T.S.  1907,  1-  by  CI.  Pleas- 
ant Prairie.  Chancellor,  S.D.,  1907-15.  Bristow,  la..  1915-20,  also  Fair- 
view,  la..  1918-20,  Peoria,  111.,  1920 t    /-   i,r  r 

Wurts,  John  Conrad  (formerlv  spelled  Wirtz),  (s.  of  Rev.  J.  C.  Wurts,  ot 
Zurich.  Switzerland).     Sancon.  and  Springfield,  Pa.,  1746-49;    Rocka- 
way  and  Vallev,  N.J.,  1750-62.  York,   Pa.,   1762-63.     Died. 
Born  in  Zurich.  Switzerland,  1706,  he,  when  a  young  man,  was  an  oflficer 
in  the  armv  of  the  King  of  the  Netherlands.     Later  he  practiced  law  at 
Zurich.     With  a  large  band  of  Switzers  and  Palatines,  he  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1735,  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania,  where,  unlicensed,  he  preached  to 
the  people,  at  their  earnest  solicitation,  that  they  might  not  be  altogether 
without  the  word  of  life.    He  frankly  stated  the  circumstances  to  Schlatter, 
and  asked  for  a  regular  induction  to  the  ministry,   for  which  his  studies 
and  experience  had  fitted  him.     This  he   failed  to  obtain   from  Schlatter. 


600  THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Later,  in  1752,  the  Presbytery  of  New  Brunswick  ordained  him  over  the 
Church  of  Rockaway,  which  had  sought  their  care  and  government.  He 
was  dismissed  from  the  Rockaway  Church,  in  1762,  that  he  might  accept  a 
call  to  York,  Pa.  Here  his  ministry  was  short,  for  he  died  in  1763.  In 
York,  his  last  settlement,  tradition  has  preserved  his  name  in  good  savor, 
as  an  earnest  and  pious  minister.  At  the  laying  of  the  cornerstone  of  his 
new  church,  at  York,  he  said,  "In  the  church  now  to  be  erected,  may  piety 
preside,  holiness  reign,  truth  ever  prevail,  love  and  harmony  dwell,  that  the 
congregation  may  uninterruptedly  flourish." — "Harbaugh's  Lives  and  Rev. 
W.  A.  Wurts." 

Wurts,  Wm.  A.,  b.  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  Oct.  15,  1838;  Lafayette  Col.  1859, 
N.B.S.  62,  1.  CI.  Philadelphia;  Canastota,  63-8,  (Vernon  Presbyt.,  S.S., 
68-71)  ;  Lysander,  71-6;  S.S.,  Canastota,  77-8,  Woodstock,  82-6,  Berne 
and  Beaverdam,  86-93,  Hagaman,  93-1901,  Sharon,  N.Y.,  1902-09, 
S.S.,  Lawyersville,  1910-12. 
Wust,  W.  C,  from  Holland;  Buffalo,  (Hoi.),  1855-6,  Rochester,  56-64, 
Lodi,  (Holl.).  N.J.,  64-8,  suspended,  (Lodi,  N.J.,  independent,  68-78, 
ret.  to  Holland). 
Wyberg,  see  Weyberg. 

Wyckoff,  Abram  Nevius.  b.  at  Bedminster,  N.J.,  1844;    R.C.  62,  N.B.S.  67, 
1.  CI.  Raritan  ;    Glenham,  67-71,  in  Europe,  71-74,  Centennial  Chapel  of 
1st  R.D.C.,  Brooklyn,  75-79,   (New  Orleans,  Canal   St.,  Presbyt.,   1879- 
83).  w.  c.     Died  May  10,  1895. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Wyckoff,  Ab.  V.,  b.  in  New  Brunswick,   1823;    R.C.  42,  N.B.S.  45,  1.  CI. 
N.B. ;    Prattsville,  46-51,  Greenburgh,  51-2,  died  Oct.  20. 
Publication  :    "Sketch  of   Rev.  F.  B.  Thompson,"  with  portrait.     1853. 
Wyckoff,   Albert   Clark,   b.   Germantown,   N.Y.,   Oct.  2"^,   1874.     U.C.    1897, 
U.S.  1900,  1.  by  Pres.  North  River,  1900.     (Pres.,  Valatie,  N.Y.,  1900- 

06).     Castleton.  N.Y.,  1906-09,  Spring  Valley,  N.Y.,  1909 

Publications  :    Many  articles  for  the  press.    The  Science  of  Prayer,  1918. 
Wyckoff.  Benj.  V.  D.,  b.  at  Middlebush,  N.J.,  June  i,  1856;    R.C.  75,  N.B.S. 

78,  lie.  CI.  N.B.;    Preakness,  1878-84,  Readington,   1884 .     S.C.  and 

T.  CI.  Raritan,  1895-1921.     S.C.  and  T.   P.S.  N.B.,   1914 

Publication  :      Historical     Discourse    at     175th    Anniv.    of     Readington 
Church,  1894. 

Wyckoff,  Charles  Sterling,  b.  West  Troy,  N.Y.,  March  20,  1866;  R.C. 
88,  N.B.S.  91,  lie.  N.  CI.  L.I. ;  Manito  and  Spring  Lake,  91-4,  student 
Yale  Sem.,  1894-7.  S.  Philadelphia,  97-8,  S.  West  Troy.  98-9,  Grace 
Chapel,  Flatbush,  L.I.,  1900-1903.     Pastor  of  same  as  Grace  Ref.  Ch., 

1903-10.     Congregationalist,  1913 

Wyckoff.   Cor.,  b.    in   Readington,   N.J.,    1810;     R.C.   35,   N.B.S.   38,   1.    CI. 
Philadelphia;    Northumberland,   38-41,   Rochester,   41-65,   High   Bridge, 
66-9,  d.  at  New  Brunswick.  May.   1870.     See  Manual  of   1879. 
^^'yckoff.  Cornelius  Emerick  (s.  of  Rev.  De  Witt  B.  Wyckoff),  b.  at  Wood- 
.  stock,  N.Y.,  July  28.  1866;    R.C.  (left  on  account  of  illness)  ;    N.B.S.  91, 
1.  CI.  Rensselaer;    Castleton,  N.Y.,  91-3,  Bethany  Chapel,  Brooklyn,  93- 
7.  Irvington,  N.J.,  97-1901,  Ap.  11,  d. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Wyckoff.   De  Witt   Bevier    (s.  of   Cor.   Wyckoff),  b.   at   Rochester,   Ulster 
Co.,  N.Y.,  Nov.  17.  1842;    R.C.  62,  N.B.S.  65,  1.  CI.  Kingston;    Wood- 
stock. 65-70,  Gallatin,  70-80,   Hurley,  80-87.  Ghent,   ist,  87-1894.     Died 
Oct.  15.  1895. 
He  joined  the  church  at   11   years  of  age.  and  at  once  had  the  ministry 
in  view.     He  was  an  earnest  minister  of   Christ,  and  adorned  his  religion 
by  a  pure  and  holy  spirit.     All  his  relations  in  life  were  influenced  by  the 
indwelling    Christ.      His    ministry    was    earnest    and    consecrated.      "Mints. 
Gen.  Syn.."  1896,  491. — "Biog.  Notices  of  Grads.  R.C,"  1896,  22. 
Wyckoff.  Garret,  b.  Roycefield,  N.J.,  Aug.   13,  1855;    R.C.  81.  N.B.S.  84, 


THE    MINISTRY  6oi 

1.  CI.  Passaic;  Annandale,  NJ.,  84-6,  Currytown,  N.Y.,  86-7,  Metuchen, 
N.J.,  87-94,  Holmdel,  N.J.,  1894-1909,  S.S.,  Annandale,  N.J.,  191 1,  S.S., 
Flatbush,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1913-16,  S.S.,  First  Pres.,  Red  Bank,  d. 
April  8.  1921.  Ph.D.,  Taylor  Univ.,  1900.  See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1921,641. 
Wyckoff,  Henry  V.  (brother  of  I.  N.  Wyckoff),  b.  near  Millstone,  N.J., 
1771  ;  studied  under  Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y.,  1798;  Charleston,  1799- 
1803?  Charleston,  2d,  1803-20,  suspended;  1822,  seceded;  Charleston, 
2d,  Sec.  22-9,  Charleston  Independent.  29-1830,  d.  1835,  March  6. 
See  Manual,  1902. 

Publication  :  Reason  for  withdrawing  from  Reformed  Dutch  Church. 
1820. 

Wyckoff,  Isaac  N.,  b.  near  Millstone,  N.J.,  1792;    R.C.  1813,  N.B.S.  1817, 

1.  CI.  N.B.  1817;    Leeds,  1818-33,  Catskill,  1833-6,  Albany,  2d,  1836-66, 

d.  1869.  March  29.    Elected  a  trustee  of  R.C,  1851.    D.D.  by  U.C,  1838, 

by  R.C.  1839. 

Dr.  Wyckoff  was  one  of  the  most  successful  ministers  of  his  day.     He  was 

a  man  whose  piety  flowed  up  from  his  heart  through  all  his  life  and  glorified 

the  whole.    Hence  as  pastor,  preacher  and  minister  of  the  Reformed  Church 

he  was  eminent.     See  Manual,  1902. 

PuBLUATioxs  :  He  published  a  number  of  memorial  sermons,  addresses, 
etc. 

Wyckoff,   Jacob   Snediker.   b.   July   22,    1834,   at   New   Lots,   L.I.,   R.C.   53, 
N.B.S.  56,  lie.  S.  CI.  L.I. ;    Colt's  Neck,  56-65,  West  Troy,  South,  65-70, 
w.  c.     Died  July  30,  1883. 
Wyckoff,   Jas.,  b.    Lodi,   N.Y.,   Jan.    16,    1839;     R.C.   61,   N.B.S.   64,   1.    CI. 
Geneva;     Queens,    64-71,    Bushnell,    71-4,    Germantown,    75-83,     (Pine 
Plains.    (Presbyt.),    83-96;     Leonia    (Chr.    Refd.    Ch.),    96-9,    Leonia, 
(Presbyt.),  1899- 1905),  d.  Jan.  3. 
Publications:    Sermon  on   Life  and  Character  of   Rev.   Geo.   De  Witt 
Bodine.— Two   Sermons  and   two   Addresses   in   "Banner  of   Truth." — "Our 
Sons  in  the  Ministry,"  in  ''Ovid  Independent." — Contributions  to  papers. 
Wykoff,   John    Henry,   b.    Roycefield,    Somerset   Co.,   N.J.,    Sept.   28,    1851 ; 
R.C.  71.  N.B.S.  74,  lie.  CI.  N.B.;    Missionary  to  India,  1875-86,   (Home 
Missionary  Presbyterian  Church,  Orange  Road,  Florida,  87-8),  Claver- 
ack,  N.Y.,  89-92,  Missionary  to  India,   1892-1915,  d.  April  29.     Profes- 
sor  Theological    Seminarv,   Arcot,    1899-1915.      D.D.   by   H.C    1892,  by 
R.C.  1899. 
Dr.  Wyckoff  was  a  constructive  missionary  statesman.     He  did  much  to 
establish  the  Church  of  Christ  in  India.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1915,  607. 

Publications:  Sketch  of  the  Arcot  Miss,  in  English,  1885;  Tamil, 
1901. — Sundry  Letters  to  Papers  and  Magazines: — In  "Harvest  Field," 
Mysore,  India:  (i)  "Co-operation  in  Mission  Work,"  1894.  (2)  "De- 
velopment of  the  Native  Pastorate."  June.  1895.  (3)  "The  Kudumi."  Nov. 
and  Dec,  1897.  (4)  "Discipline  in  the  Native  Church,"  Nov.,  1900.  (5) 
"Harvest  Festivals,"  June,   1901. 

Editor,  "Mongola  Vasanam,"  1895-1901,  an  Anglo-Tamil  Paper  published 
by  the  Arcot  Mission.  Since  1900  the  joint  organ  of  the  Church  of  Scot- 
land, the  Free  Church  of   Scotland,  and  the  Arcot  Mission. 

Sermons. — "Blessings  of  the  Hard  Times."  In  "Hudson  (N.Y.),  Re- 
publican." Alar..  1891. — "Sketch  of  Rev.  Richard  Sluyter."  Claverack,  1890. 
— Sermons  in  Tamil,  published  in  the  "Tamil  Homiletical  Magazine"  and 
the  "Mongola  Vasanam." 

Wyckoff.  Theodore  F.  (son  of  I.  N.  Wyckoff)  ;  b.  at  Catskill,  1820;  R.C. 
39,  N.B.S.  42,  1.  CI.  Albany;  Ghent,  2d,  43-4,  South  West  Troy,  45-54. 
St.  Thomas,  W.I.,  54-5,  d.  Jan.  19.  See  "Manual  of  1879." 
Wynkoop.  Jefferson,  (brother  of  Richard  Wynkoop),  b.  N.Y.C,  Sept.  11, 
1801  ;  C.C  and  U.C.  19,  N.B.S.  24,  1.  CI.  N.B.;  West  New  Hempstead 
and  Ramapo,  25-36,  Athens,  38-42,  (Gilbertsville,  Delhi,  and  Cuba,  N.Y., 
Presbyt.,  42-54),  Sec.  of  Society  for  Ameliorating  the  Condition  of  the 
Jews.     Died  Aug.  21,  1855. 


602  THE    REFORMED    CHURCtI    IN    AMERICA 

Mr.  Wynkoop  was  much  interested  in  the  early  development  of  the  tem- 
perance cause.  He  was  also  an  ardent  revivalist  and  his  eflforts  to  save 
souls  led  to  a  physical  break-down  which  compelled  him  to  retire  from  the 
pastorate.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Wynkoop,   Peter   Silvester,   b.   at   Kingston,    March  28,    1787 ;     U.C.    1807, 
N.B.S.  13,  1.  CI.  N.B. ;   assistant  of  Vredenburgh,  at  Raritan,  13-14,  Cat- 
skill,  14-17,  Hyde  Park  (Staatsburgh),  17-20,  Hyde  Park  and  Pleasant 
Plain,  20-2,  Ghent  and  Hillsdale,  23-40,  Ghent  and  Claverack,  2d,  40-3, 
Ghent,  43-4,  Blooming  Grove,  44-8,  d.  Nov.  i. 
He  practiced  law  for  a  time  but  soon  turned  aside  to  the  ministry.     He 
was  very  conscientious  and  his  walk  was  close  with  God.     Hence  his  labors 
were  largely  blessed.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Wynkoop,  Richard,  b.  N.Y.C.,  Dec.  16,  1798;  C.C.  1819,  N.B.S.  22;  lie. 
by  2d  Presbyt.  N.Y.  (Assoc.  Ref.),  Ap.  5,  26,  Missionary,  Cato,  N.Y., 
1826-7.  (Pres.,  Yorktown,  N.Y.,  1827-34,  Hagerstown,  Md.,  1834-43, 
d.  April  5. 
See  Manual,  1902. 
Wynveen,  Benjamin  J.,  b.  Cedar  Grove,  Wis.,  1884.  Wis.  Memorial  Academy 
1906,  W.T.S.  1914,  1.  by  CI.  Wis.,  1914.  Harlem,  Mich.,  1914-18,  Ustick, 
111.,  1918-21,  Aurora,  Stickney,  S.D.,  1921 

Yates,  Andrew,  b.  in  Schenectady,  1772;    Y.C.  1793,  studied  theology  under 
Livingston,  1.  CI.  N.Y.,  1796;    Prof.  Latin  and  Greek  in  Union  College, 
1797-1801,   (East  Jlartford,  Cong.,  1801-14),  Prof.  Mental  and  Moral 
Philosophy,   Union   College,    14-25,   Prin.  of   High  School  at  Chitten- 
ango,  25-36,  Chittenango,  Sept.  17,  32- Ap.  3,  34.     Died  1844. 
In  his  youth  he  overcame  feeble  health  and  graduated  with  honor.    He  had 
exalted  ideas  of  his  duty  as  a  minister  and  did  not  know  the  fear  of  man. 
Teaching  and  preaching  went  together  with  him  and  in  both  he  was  success- 
ful.   See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications  :  "Blessedness  of  Dying  in  the  Lord" :  a  Ser.  at  the  Fun. 
of  Mrs.  Amelia  Flint.  Hartford,  1810.— "Charity,  the  Evidence  of  Piety" : 
a  Ser.  before  Female  Benev.  Soc,  Hartford,  1810. — "The  Effectual 
Preacher" :  A  Ser.  at  Install,  of  Dr.  John  Ludlow,  at  Albany,  1823. — "God's 
Blessing  in  our  Institutions" :  a  Ser.  at  Dedication  of  R.D.C.  Chittenango. 
1829. 

Yates,  John  Austin  (s.  of  And.  Yates),  b.  at  East  Hartford,  Ct.,  1801 ;  U.C, 
1821,  N.B.S.  24,  lie.  CI.  N.B.;   tutor  in  U:C.,  23-7,  Prof.  Oriental  Langs., 
U.C,  27-49,  (spent  27-9,  after  the  above  appointment,  in  Europe),  S.S., 
Fonda,  42-4,  called  to  Jersey  City,   ist,  49;    accepted,  but  died  before 
installation. 
He  was  a  man  of  brilliant,  well  trained  mind,  well  qualified  for  the  pro- 
fessor's chair,  and  probably  adapted  for  the  pastorate  which  he  was  about 
to  enter  when  death  called  him.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Publication  :  "Righteousness  Exalteth  a  Nation."  1839. 
Young,  Alex.  H.,  b.  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  Feb.  13,  1838;  Miami  Univ.,  Ox- 
ford, O.,  59,  Lane  Sem.,  Walnut  Hill,  O.,  63;  lie.  by  Presb.  of  Cincin- 
nati; ord.  by  Presbyt.  Chillicothe,  O.,  64;  (South  Salem,  O.,  64-9, 
Oxford,  O.,  69-72,  Presbyt.),  Greenville,  N.J.,  72-83,  (Presbyt.,  New- 
ton, NJ.,  1883). 
Young,  Archie  G.,  1890-91. 

Young,  Chas.  J.     (Yaphank,  L.I.,  1875-8)  ;    Long  Branch,  ist,  1879-86. 
Young,  Frederick  P.     Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  Bay  Ridge,  1908-18.     In  business. 
Youngblood,  William,  b.  at  Montgomery,  N.Y.,  1800;    R.C.  32,  N.B.S.  35, 
1.  CI.  Orange;  Missionary  to  East  Indies,  Batavia,  36-8,   (studying  the 
Malay   language),   teaching  a   Malay   school   at    Pontianak    (Borneo), 
Nov.,  39-42,  Karagan   (Borneo),  Sept.,  42-Jan.,  47,  returned  to  Amer- 
ica, 1849,  d.  1859. 
He  had  early  religious  impressions  which  seem  to  have  matured  about 


THE    MINISTRY  603 

the  fifteenth  year  of  his  age.  He  then  had  a  strong  desire  to  study  with  a 
view  to  the  ministry.  But  being  the  eldest  of  the  family,  he  was  needed 
at  home  by  his  widowed  mother,  and  for  some  years  took  charge  of  the 
paternal  farm. 

While  in  the  seminary  his  mind  was  much  exercised  in  regard  to  the 
duty  of  devoting  himself  to  the  foreign  missionary  work.  The  appeals  of 
the  heavenly-minded  and  devoted  David  Abeel,  who  had  just  returned 
from  China,  had  the  effect  of  bringing  him  to  a  decision.  He  was  accepted 
by  the  American  Board,  and  designated,  with  other  brethren  of  our  church 
to  the  island  of  Java.  They  embarked  on  the  8th  of  June,  1836.  After 
many  efforts,  the  Dutch  Government  not  allowing  them  to  operate  on  that 
island,  they  embarked  for  Pontianak,  on  the  coast  of  Borneo,  in  December 
of  1838.  While  residing  there  some  of  the  brethren  engaged  in  the  study 
of  the  Chinese  language,  with  a  view  of  establishing  a  mission  in  China 
as  soon  as  the  way  opened.  Brother  Youngblood.  having  gained  some  knowl- 
edge ot  the  art  of  printing,  and  of  the  Malav  language,  he  spent  his  time 
in  visiting  the  neighboring  Kampongs,  preaching  and  distributing  tracts  and 
unaided,  he  printed  with  his  own  hands,  by  means  of  a  press  presented  by 
the  officers  of  an  American  squadron,  Malayan  books  for  the  use  of  a  school 
of  poor  children  he  had  gathered. 

At  length,  in  the  beginning  of  the  year  1842.  Brothers  Youngblood  and 
ihompson  tounded  a  station  among  the  Dyaks.  about  one  hundred  and 
forty  miles  in  the  interior  of  the  island.  After  many  trials,  and  incredible 
toil,  owing  to  the  unwillingness  of  the  natives  to  assist,  they  succeeded  in 
erecting  with  their  own  hands  two  temporary  dwellings  in  the  midst  of 
the  jungle.  After  a  few  months,  joined  by  their  families,  in  these  lonely 
wilds  they  began  the  work  of  pioneer  missionaries.  Brother  Thompson's 
health  soon  tailing,  he  departed  for  his  native  land  by  the  way  of  Europe 
where  he  was  called  to  his  heavenly  home.  About  four  years  after  the 
establishment  of  the  mission  among  the  Dyaks,  Brother  Youngblood's 
health  also  gave  way.  The  trial  of  a  voyage  to  Singapore  not  proving  as 
hoped,  efficacious  to  his  restoration,  he  embarked  January,  1849,  for  Amer- 
ica. This  was  a  trial  harder  to  be  borne  than  when  he  left  his  native  shore 
The  seed  of  God's  word  had  just  begun  to  germinate  in  some  minds  and 
now  that  all  prospects  of  usefulness  should  be  destroyed  was  painful  in  the 
extreme.  '-Never,"  said  Mrs.  Youngblood  to  the  writer,  "did  I  see  my  hus- 
band, in  all  my  life,  shed  tears  so  profuselv,  and  endure  a  trial  so  distress- 
ing, as  when  he  bade  farewell  to  his  Dyak  field."  No  reinforcements  arriv- 
ing, he  saw  the  mission  must  be  given  up.  For  vears  this  good  brother 
lingered,  able  only  to  preach  an  occasional  sermon,  till  his  death  During 
these  years  his  heart  was  still  set  on  the  great  work  of  missions.  He  said 
to  the  writer.  "I  do  not  regret  having  personally  engaged  in  the  work  of 
foreign  missions,  but  it  is  rather  to  me  a  source  of  jov.  I  feel  that  it  was 
the  highest  honor  conferred  on  me.  in  being  permitted  to  engage  in  this 
blessed  cause,  and  become  a  co-worker  with  the  Lord  of  missions  Gladly 
wou  d  I  now  return  to  our  distant  field  of  labor,  or  any  other  among  the 
heathen,  did  my  health  and  that  of  my  companion  permit,  and  toil  till  death 
for  the  salvation  of  perishing  men.  It  is  sweet  to  endure  toil  and  privation 
for  Christ.  —Rev.  Dr.  J.  H.  Duryea. 

Ypma,  Martin  A.,  from  Holland;  Vriesland.  1847-52.  Graafschap   5^-s    High 
and  Low  Prairie,  55-61.  Alto.  61-3.  d. 

Zabriskie,  Albert  A.,  b.  at  Bergen  Point.  N.J..  Ap.  11,  1843;  R.C.  65, 
N.B.S.  68,  1.  CI.  South  Bergen;  Farmer  Village.  68-9,  Keyport  69-73' 
Preakness,  73-8.  Franklin  Furnace.  78-81,  Flatbush,  Ulster  Co.',  N.Y.j 
81-86,  Jersey  City  Free.  87-91.  Manhasset.  91-93.  Orange  City  la' 
94-6,  S.S..  Highlands,  N.J.,  1899-1900.  Browns,  N.Y.,  1900-04, 'kisk- 
atom,  N.Y.,  1904-06,  Greenport,  N.Y.,  1906-09.  Bloomington  N  Y 
1910-19.  Pastor  Emeritus,  1919.     S.S..  St.  Remv,   1911-14 


604  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Zabriskie,  Francis  Nicholl   (grandson  of  J.  V.  C.  Romeyn),  b.  in  N.Y.C., 
1832,  April  29;    N.Y.U.  50,  N.B.S.   55,  1-   CI.   N.Y. ;    Livingston  Ch., 
N.Y.C.,  56-9,  Coxsackie,  2d,  59-63,  Ithaca,  63-6,  Claverack,  66-72  (Say- 
brook,  Ct.,  72-6,  Wollaston  Heights,  Mass.,  76-80)  ;    Editor-in-chief  of 
"Christian  Intelligencer,"  80-3;    w.  c.     Died  May  13,  1891.     D.D.,  Univ. 
N.Y.,  1868. 
Dr.  Zabriskie  had  a  feeble  body  which  hampered  his  activity  but  which 
did  not  lessen  his  cheerfulness.     Compelled  because  of  poor  health  to  relin- 
quish the  pastorate,  he  devoted  himself  to  literary  work  for  which  he  was 
pre-eminently    qualified.      His    ability    becoming    recognized    he    became    in 
great  demand  as  a  writer  and  was  widely  known.     See  Manual,  1902. 

Publications:  Life  of  Horace  Greeley,  1891.  Very  many  addresses  and 
articles,  particularly  those  known  as  the  "Old  Colony"  papers  and  exposi- 
tions of  the  S.S.  lessons. 

Zabriskie,  Jeremiah  Lott,  b.  at  Flatbush,  L.I.,  Feb.  3,  1835;     (grandson  of 

J.  L.  Zabriskie)  ;    C.C.  54,  N.B.S.  63,  1.   S.  CI.  L.I.;    Cuddebackville, 

66-70,  New  Baltimore,  70-82,  w.  c,  d.  April  2,  1910. 

He  was  obliged  to  retire  from  the  pastorate  because  of  throat  difficulty. 

For  many  years  he  engaged  in  scientific  studies  with  great  enthusiasm.     See 

Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1910,  834. 

Zabriskie,  John  Lansing,  b.  at  Albany,  March  4,   1779;    U.C.   1797,  studied 
theology  under  D.  Romeyn,  1.  CI.  Albany,  1800 ;    (jreenbush  and  Wyant- 
skill,  1801-11,  S.S.,  Hillsdale.  1808-11,  Hillsborough  (Millstone),  1811- 
50,  d.  Aug.  15.    Elected  a  trustee  of  Q.C.,  181 1. 
During  his  long  pastorate  at   Millstone   he  maintained  his   influence   and 
his   standing   unto   the   end.      He   was   a    man   of   many   excellences ;    kind, 
social,   unaffected,  and  sincerely  and   zealously  pious ;    a  gentleman  of   the 
old  school,   simple  in  his  tastes,  unostentatious  in  his  life,   and  unsophisti- 
cated in  his  daily  conduct.     All  who  knew  him  loved  him,  and  those  who 
knew  him  best  esteemed  him  most.     See  Manual,  1902. 
Zandstra,  Fred.,  b.  Chicago,  111.,  June  13.   1889.     H.C.   1912,  W.T.S.   1915. 

1.  by  CI.  Wis.,  1915.   Wichert,  111.,  1915-19,  Mt.  Greenwood,  111.,  1919 

Zandstra,  Sidney.     H.C.   1903,   P.S.   1906,  1.  by  Presbytery  of   New  Bruns- 
wick,   1906.     Lodi,   N.Y.,   2d,    1909-12,    Little   Falls,   N.J.,   2d,    1912-18, 
Immigration   Work,    1907-18,   Insurance   Underwriter,   1918.      Ph.D.   by 
Columbia  Univ.,  1909. 
Zastera,  F.     From  Church  of  Rome.     Miss  in  4th  Ger.  Ch.,  N.Y.C.,  1858. 
Zelie,  John   Sheridan,  b.   Princeton,   Mass.,  May  3,   1866;    Wms.   C.  87,  Y. 
Sem.  90,  lie.  Litchfield  S.  Assoc,  90;    (Plymouth,  Ct.,  90-4,  Cleveland, 
O.,  94-1900),   Schenectady,    ist,    1901-1903.      Presbyterian,    1903,   Plain- 
field,  N.J. 
Publications  :    Editorials   in  "S.   S.   Times."^ — Sketces   in   Periodicals. — • 
Joint  author,  with  Rev.  Carroll  Perry,  of  "Bill  Pratt,  the  Saw-Buck  Phil- 
osopher." 

Ziegler,  A.  G.,  b.  Amsterdam,  Neth.,  May  11,  1833;  Sem.  of  Free  Ch.  of 
Scotland,  Amsterdam,  Neths. ;  ord.  by  Belgian  Christian  Missionary 
Church;  Spring  Lake  and  Manito,  111.,  87-8,  Bethel  and  Otley,  la.,  88- 
92,  Le  Mars,  92-3,  Harrison,  S.D.,  93-1900,  Pella,  4th,  1901-1904,  w.  c, 
d.  March  13,  1915.  See  Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1915,  606. 
Ziegler,  Lorenz,  b.  Feb.  24,  1846,  Germany.  Mission  House  Col.  1873,  Mis- 
sion House  Sem.,  1.  by  CI.  of  Sheboygan,  1873.  (Ref.  Ch.  U.S.,  Alma, 
Wis.,  1873-4,  Dahlgren,  Minn.,  1874-5,  Bongard,  Minn.,  1875-82,  Gaylord, 
Minn.,  1882-1901).  Hope,  George,  la.,  1903-17,  Bethel,  George,  la.,  1903- 
08.  Practiced  medicine  27  years. 
Ziegler,  Vacslav,  b.  1877.  Presbyterian.  Grand  Gorge,  N.Y.,  S.S.,  1916, 
South    Gilboa,    N.Y.,    S.S.,    1916-19,    (Presbyterian,    City    Missionary, 

N.Y.C.,  1919 .     Among  the  Czecho-Slovaks.) 

Zimmerman,  Frederick,  b.  July  19,  1885,  London,  England.     London  Poly- 


THE    MIXISTRY  605 

technic,  R.C.  CI.  of  1914,  N.B.S.  1919,  1.  by  CI.  Paramus.     Metuchen, 

1919 

Zindler,  Gottlieb,  b.  Falkenberg,  Silesia,  Ger..  Aug.  30,  1849;  studied  pri- 
vately, 69-72,  (Mission  House,  Ref.  Ger.  Ch.,  Franklin,  Wis.,  74,  lie. 
CI.  Sheboygan  (Ger.  Refd.),  Wis.;  Ebenezer,  Wis.,  74-79,  Denver,  Col., 
79-81.  Hope,  Wis.,  81-86,  all  in  Ger.  Refd.  Ch.),  Baileyville,  111.,  86-96, 
Peoria,  111.,  1896-1901,  S.S.,  Sibley  Mission,  la.,  1901-03,  also  S.S., 
Baker,  la.,  1901-03,  North  Sibley,  la.,  1903-09,  Aplington,  la.,  1909-17. 
Classical  Missionary,  Pleasant  Prairie  Classis,  1901-03.  2d  Classical 
Missionary,  Pleasant  Prairie  Classis,  1917 .  Treasurer  Bd.  of  Ben- 
evolence, Pleasant  Prairie  Classis.  Editor  of  Der  Mitarbeiter. 
Zubli,  E.  B.  Pella,  3d  (S.S.),  1876. 
Zurcher,  J.  N.     S.S.,  at  Silver  Creek,  1853. 

Zwemer,  Adrian,  b.  in  Oost-Kapelle,  Zeeland,  Neths.,  Feb.  12,   1823;  c.  to 
America,  1849,  with  Rev.  H.  G.  Klyn ;    studied  theology  with  Rev.  John 
Van  Vleck,  in  Holland  Academy,  Mich.,  1858;    lie.  CI.  Holland,  Ap.  14, 
and  ord.  Ap.  18,  1858;   Vriesland,  58-68,  Low  Prairie,  68-70,  Milwaukee, 
70-73,   Albany    (Hoi.),   73-76,    Graafschap,    Mich.,    76-86,    Free    Grace, 
Iowa,  86-91,  Spring  Lake,  Mich.,  91-98;    emeritus,     d.  March  27,  1910. 
After  the  Revocation  of  the  Edict  of   Nantes   the   Catholics  of    France 
severely  persecuted  the  Huguenots.    Among  these  were  three  brothers  named 
Sur-Mer,  who  fled  to  North  Holland.     One  of  them  remained  there,  while 
the  other  two  went  to  Zeeland.     Their   family  name  now  became  changed 
to  Swe-Mer,  and  ultimately  to  Zwemer.     Being  Calvinists,  they  all  received 
a  warm  welcome  in  the  Reformed  Church  of  the  Netherlands;   but  the  fam- 
ily again  experienced  great  troubles  during  the  Napoleonic  rule.     In   1842 
Mr.  Zwemer  was  drafted,  and  served  in  the  army  for  two  years.     He  was 
Receiver  of  Taxes,  1846-49,  when  about  150  families,  under  the  care  of  Rev. 
H.  G.  Klyn.  came  to  America  .  Mr.  Zwemer  settled  in  Rochester,  N.Y.,  and 
became   an   elder   in   a    Holland    Presbyterian   church.      In    1853,   when    the 
pulpit  became  vacant,  h^  suggested  the  transfer  of  this  church  to  the  Ref. 
Ch.   in   America,    which   was   accomplished,    and    it    joined   the    Classis    of 
Geneva.     In  1855  he  went  to  the  Holland  Academy,  when  s^  years  of  age, 
to  study   for  the  ministry,  and  served  different   fields  as  above   indicated. 
Four  sons  became  ministers,  two  of  them  going  to  Arabia,  and  one  daugh- 
ter. Miss  Nelly  Zwemer,  is  a  missionary  in  the  Amoy  Mission,  China. 

He  was  a  power  for  good  wherever  he  went.    Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1910,  835. 

Zwemer,    Frederick    James    (son    of    Rev.    Adrian    Zwemer),    b.    Holland, 

Mich.,  Jan.  24.   1858;    H.C.  80.  McCormick  Sem.,  Chicago,  85,  lie.  CI. 

Wisconsin,  85;    ist  Refd.  Charles  Mix  Co.,  Dakota  Ter.,  85-87,  Grand 

View,    Dak.    Ter.,    May-Nov.,    87,    Classical    Missionary    in    the    two 

Dakotas,  Nov..  87-Dec.,  92,  Graafschap,  Mich.,  92-96,  Miss,  of  Classis 

of  Illinois,  in  Iowa,  96-98,  Sheboygan  Falls  and  Hingham,  Wis.,  1898- 

1903.    Missionary  of  Classis  of  \\'isconsin,  d.  Aug.  19.  1903.     Min.  Gen. 

Syn.,  1904,  845. 

Zwemer,    Tames    Frederic    (son    of    Rev.    Adrian    Zwemer),    b.    Rochester, 

N.Y.,'Sept.  I,  1850;    H.C.  1870,  W.T.S.  73.  H^-  CI.  Holland;    Fyuaart, 

Mich.,  73-79,  Spring  Lake,  Mich.,  79-83.  Alto.  Wis.,  83-86.  Alton,  la., 

86-88,  Agent  to  secure  endowments  for  the  Western  Institutions,  88-90, 

Principal,    Northwestern   Academy.    Orange   City.    Iowa,   90-98.    Grand 

Rapids,    7th,    1898-1900,    Gen.    Synod's    Agent    for    Western    Theolog. 

Sem.,    1900-1907.     Professor  of   Practical   Theology,   W.T.S.,    1907-16. 

Emeritus  Professor  in  charge  of   Seminarv  Finances.   1916-21,  d.  Oct. 

5th.    D.D.  by  H.C,  1918. 

Dr.  Zwemer  as  a  man  was  the  soul  of  kindness,  much  preferring  to  suffer 

pain  than  to  cause  it.     His  helpfulness  was  proverbial  and  he  was  full  of 

restless  activity.     As  a  preacher  he  was  spiritual   and   intensely   practical. 

Because  of  his  practical  turn  of   mind  he  knew   how   to  organize   material 

forces  in  behalf  of  the  Kingdom  of  God. 


6o6  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Publications:    Three  Catechetical  Manuals.     Contributions  to  the  press. 
Zwemer,  Peter  John   (son  of  Rev.  Ad.  Zwemer),  b.  at  South  Holland,  111., 
Sept.  22,   1868,  H.C.  88,  N.B.S.  92.  1.  CI.  Michigan;    ordained  by  the 
CI.  of  Grand  River,  Sept.  14.  92;    sailed  for  Busrah,  Arabia,  Oct.  19,  92, 
Muscat,  93-98,  returned  home.  98.  died  Oct.  18,  1898,  in  the  Presbjrter- 
ian  Hospital,  New  York  City. 
He  grew  up  in  an  atmosphere  of   grace.     He   taught   school    for  a  year 
after  college  graduation,  at  Middleburg,  la.     While  a  student  in  college  he 
was  employed,   during  one  of   his  vacations,   by  the  Am.   Bible   Soc.     His 
field  extended  from  Michigan  to   New  York.     He  made,  at  this  time,  ad- 
dresses in  school-houses  and  country  churches.     In  the  destitute  oil  regions 
of    S.   W.   New   York,   he   received   his    first   impulse   to   missionary   work. 
He  finally  determined  to  follow  his  brother.   Rev.   Samuel  M.   Zwemer,  to 
Arabia.     At   Muscat   he   remained  alone   most   of   the   time.     His   life  was 
often    in    danger.      Frequent    attacks   of    fever   prostrated    him,    unpleasant 
conditions  surrounded  him,  the  heat  often  overwhelmed  him ;    still  he  clung 
heroically  to  his  post,  uttering  no  word  of  complaint.     His  sympathies  were 
soon   drawn   out   for   the   African   slaves.     At   his   earnest   solicitations   the 
school  for  rescued  slave  boys  at  Muscat  was  opened,  with  18  boys  rescued 
from  slavery.     He  could  have  had  many  more.     To  these  his   heart  went 
out.      But   at    length    fever    and    rheumatism    compelled    him    to    decide    to 
return  home.     He  had  to  be  carried  on  the  steamer.     At  Milan,  he  spent  a 
few  days  in  the  hospital.     From  there  he  went  to  Antwerp,  and  thence  to 
New  York,  and  was  imrnediately  taken  to  the  Presbyterian  Hospital,  being 
assisted  through  the  city  by  a   student   for  orders  of  the  Roman   Catholic 
church.     There  he  was  cheerful,  hopeful,  but  resigned,  until  he  entered  into 
rest. — "Mints.    Gen.    Syn.,"    1899,    557. — See    also    Dr.    S.    M.    Zwemer's 
"Arabia,"  pp.  366-373;  and  "Sketch  of  Arabian  Mission,"  1901,  24,  25. 
Zwemer,   Samuel   Marinus    (son  of   Adrian  Zwemer),   b.   Vriesland,   Mich., 
Ap.  12.  1867,  H.C.  87,  N.B.S.  90,  1.  CI.  la.;    S.S.,  at  Clarkstown,  N.Y., 
89-90,   Missionary   to  Arabia,  July,   1890-1915.     Transferred  to   Egypt, 

1915 .     Traveling  Secretary.  Student  Volunteer  Movement,  1906-07. 

Field  Secretary  Bd.  of  F.M.,  1907-10.     Editor  of  The  Moslem  World, 

191 1.      Corresponding    Member    Victoria    Institute,    London.      D.D.    by 

R.C.,  1901.     D.D.  by  H.C.     LL.D.,  Muskingum  Col.     F.R.G.S.,  1894. 

Publications:    Arabia,  the  Cradle  of  Islam,  1900.     Raymond  Lull,  1902. 

Topsy-Turvy  Land,  1902.    The  Moslem  Doctrine  of  God,  1905.     Religion  of 

Mission  Fields,  1905.     The  Mohammedan  World  of  Today,  1906.     Methods 

of  Mission  Work  Among  Moslems,  1906.    Our  Moslem  Sisters,  1907.    Islam, 

A  Challenge  to  Faith,  1907.     The  Moslem  World,  1908.     The  Unoccupied 

Mission  Felds  of  Africa  and  Asia,  191 1.     Zig-Zag  Journeys  in  the  Camel 

Country,   191 1.     Lucknow,   191 1.     Islam  and   Missions,   1912.     The  Moslem 

Christ,   1912.     Daylight  in  the  Harem,   1912.     Mohammed  or  Christ?   1915. 

Childhood    in    Moslem    Lands,    1915.      The    Disintegration    of    Islam,    1916. 

The   Influence   of    Americanism   on    Islam,    1920.      Moslem    Seeks   of    God, 

1920.     Many  articles  in  many  magazines  and  papers. 

Zyperus  (Siperius),  Michiel,  c.  from  Curacoa,  Aug.,  1659,  to  New  Nether- 
lands, as  a  proponent  (or  candidate)  ;  joined  the  ch.  in  New  Amster- 
dam as  a  student  of  divinity  in  Jan.,  1660;  went  toward  Virginia, 
1664. — "Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y."  "Gen.  and  Biog.  Rec,"  vii.  64;  ix.  "72.  He  con- 
formed to  Ch.  of  Eng.   in  Va. — Was  yet  living  in   1687. 


PART  THIRD 


THE  CHURCHES. 

Abbe,  see  Clymer,  N.Y. 

Accord,  see  Rochester,  N.Y. 

Ackley,  see  Washington  and  Zoar,  la. 

Acquacononck,  see  Passaic,  N.J. 

Ada,    Mich.,    1903.      Menning,    S.    J.    1903-1906,    Klooster,    F.    1906-1910, 

Webinga,    John     (S.S.)     1911-1912,    Kriekard,    C.     (S.S.)     1912-1917, 

Doiima,  R.  W.   (S.S.)    1917-1918,  Pastor  1918-1920. 
Adams,  Neb.     See  Pella,  Lancaster  Co. 
Addisville,  Richboro,  Bucks  Co.,  Pa.,  1864.     (North  and  South  Hampton). 

Bodine,  64-8,  Amerman,  J.   L.  68-71,   ColHer,  I.  71-84,  Birdsall,   84-8. 

Lawsing,  1888-1907,  Furbeck,  Howard  R.  1908-1912,  Walter,  A.  J.  1912- 

1920,  Polk,  T.  M.  1921 

Albany — Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  churches  in : 

1.  Albany.  (Fort  Orange,  Rensselaerwyck,  Beverwyck,  Willemstadt  1673- 
4),  foot  of  State  st.  until  1798,  then  in  N.  Pearl  st.  i,  1642,  Megapol- 
ensis,  J.  1642-9,  (Grasmeer,  1650-1),  Schaats,  1652-94,  (Van  Rensselaer, 
1675-7),  Dellius,  1683-99,  supplied  by  Nucella,  1698-1700,  Lydius,  1700-9, 
(Barclay,  Episcop.,  1709-12),  Van  Driessen,  P.  1712-38,  Van  Schie, 
1738-44,  Frelinghuysen,  T.  1745-59,  Westerlo,  1760-90,  Bassett,  1787- 
1804,  (Bogart,  D.  S.  1792-6?)  Johnson,  J.  B.  1796-1802,  Bradford,  J.  M. 
1805-20,  DeWitt,  J.  (Sr.)  13-15,  Ludlow,  J.  23-34,  Vermilye,  T.  E.  35-9, 
Kennedy,  41-55,  Rogers,  E.  P.  56-62,  Clark,  R.  W.  62-83,  Chapman,  J. 
W.  85-90,  Johnson.  E.  P.  1891-1906,  Kittell,  James  S.  1907-22. 

Chartered  1720.  Eng.  preaching  begun  by  Westerlo.  See  Ecc.  Rec. 
N.Y.,  tnany  letters;  MunseU's  Annals  of  Albany,  10  vols.,  i2mo,  1850-9; 
Sketch  in  i.  86-121.  Collections  on  the  History  of  Albany,  3  vols., 
8vo,  1865-70;  Col.  Hist.  N.Y.,  see  index — Albany,  containing  many 
references  to  the  church;  Doct.  Hist.  N.Y.,  see  Index;  Barnes'  Settle- 
ment and  Early  Hist,  of;  Histories  of  N.Y.  State  by  Smith,  O'Cal- 
laghan,  and  Brodhead,  Anderson's  Hist,  of  Colonial  Church,  (Episco- 
pal). See  also  Bibliography  of  Pastors  Bassett,  Wyckoff,  Rogers, 
Johnson,  E.  P. 

2.  Albany,  (Ger.)  1770?    Doll,  1772-5. 

3.  Albany,  2d,  1815,  Beaver  st;  now  Madison  ave.  De  Witt,  J.  (Sr.). 
1815-23,  (Steele.  J.  B.  supplied,  22),  Ferris,  L  24-36,  Wycoff,  L  N. 
36-65,  Elmcndorf,  J.  65-72,  Bartlctt,  74-81,  Davis,  W.  R.  82-8,  Dowl- 
ing,  89-92,  Selden,  E.  G.  1893- 1904,  Jones,  J.  A.  1905-20,  Locke,  R.  E. 
1922 

Hist,  sketch  in  Albany  Argus,  March,  1881.  See  also  Memorial 
volume. 

4.  Albany,  3d,  1834.  Ten  Eyke  Ave.  Holmes,  E.  35-40,  Yates,  A. 
(S.S.)  4C-I,  Campbell,  W.  H.  41-8,  Van  Brunt,  48-9,  Halloway,  (Sr.) 
49-53.  Dickson.  53-60,  Miller,  W.  H.  61-2,  Bailey,  63-8,  Searle,  J. 
68-71,  Van  Slyke,  E.  71-2,  Van  Doren,  D.  K.  73-5,  Campbell,  J.  B. 
76-82,  See  E.  F.  83-6,  Davis,  Jos.  P.  86-7,  Tracy,  W.  H.  88-90,  Dailey 
90-8,  MacBride,  98-1900,  Lcggctt,  L.  1900-1903,  Meengs,  J.  G.  1903- 
1907,  McNab,  John,  1908-1909,  Hotaling,  B.  J.  1909-1917,  Hansen,  An- 
drew, 1918 

607 


6o8  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

5.  Albany,  (Ger.)  4th  Magnolia  Ten  Schuyler  St.,  1855.  Schnellendreus- 
slar  55-65,  Neef  65-86,  Miller,  H.  88-98,  Mueller,  F.  1899 

6.  Albany,  5th  (Hoi.),  1859,  Jay  st.  Houbolt,  61-4,  Bahler,  P.  B.  65-7, 
Houbolt,  71-3,  Zwemer,  A.  73-6,  Kriekaard,  C.  77-9,  Boer,  79-85, 
Dykstra,  L.  86-8,  Duiker,  W.  J.  89-92,  Flipse,  93-6,  Van  Westenburg, 
1897-1902,  Lubbers,  Fred.  1903-1906,  Ossewaarde,  John  1908-1911, 
Dykhuizen,  H.  1911-1916,  Jacobs,  H.  C.  1917-1919,  Struck,  J.  A. 
1920 

7.  Albany,  (Dudley  Ch.)   1859.     Dissolved,  1862. 

8.  Albany  Park  Chapel,   Dusenberre,  Ap.-Oct.,   1866. 

9.  Albany,  6th,  1897,  Allen  st.  Furbeck,  G.  W.  1898-1909,  Miller,  E.  W. 
1909-1912,  Burrowes,  C.  W.  1914,  Blessing,  F.  F.  1915 

Albany,  Bush,  see  Amsterdam. 

Alberta,  Canada,  see  Monarch. 

Alderson,  Canada,  see  New  Holland. 

Alexander,  (Palsville),  la.,  1896.  Ch.  End.  Ch.  18.  Reeverts,  A.  J.  (S.S.) 
1897-1902,  Reeverts,  F.  1902-1908,  Schoon,  J.  H.  1909-1911,  Schaefer, 
John  1912-20,  Heyenga,  W.  J.  1920 .     See  Meservey,  la. 

Alexandria  Bay,  see  Thousand  Isles. 

Allegan,  Allegan  Co.,  Mich..  1843.     Taylor,  A.  B.  (Miss,  and  S.S.)   1842-3. 

Allegan,  First,  Mich.,  1918. 

Allendale,  ist,  Jenison,  Mich.,  1918.    Stoppels,  Charles  A.  1918 

Alliendal,  see  India. 

Alligerville,  N.Y.,  1902. 

Allison,  see  Fairview.  fa. 

All  Souls,  Florence,  S.  C.  1904.  Colbert,  J.  T.  1905-1911,  Ray,  H.  C.  (S.S.) 
1913-1915,  Barnes,  H.  A.  1915-18.  Garland,  D.  G.   1919-20. 

Altamont,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  1896.  Staats,  B.  B.,  Ap.-June,  96,  Fletcher, 
1896-1904,  Black.  John  1904-1908,  Furbeck,  G.  W.  1909 

Alto,  Waupun,  Fond  de  Lac  Co..  Wis.,  1855.  Baay,  G.  48-50,  Stobblear,  58- 
60.  Ypma.  61-3.  Pieters,  65-9,  Karsten,  69-82,  Zwemer,  J.  F.  82-6,  Te 
Winkle.  86-9.  Karsten,  89-93.  Harmeling,  H.  94-1900,  Lumkes,  1900- 
1908.  Pietenpol,  H.  J.  1908-1916.  Hekhuis,  G.  J.  1917 

Alton,  formerly  East  Orange,  Sioux  Co.,  la..  1877.  Warnshuis,  J.  W.  78- 
87,  Zwemer,  J.  F.  86-18,  Warnshuis,  J.  W.  88-91.  Lepeltak,  1891-1903,  Van 
Duine,  A.  M.  1904-1910.  Dejong,  J.  P.  1910 

Alvord,  la.,  1916. 

Amara,  see  Arabia. 

Amelia  Court  House,  Va.     See  Mattoax. 

American,  see  DeMotte. 

American,  see  Hull,  la. 

American,  see  Maurice,  S.D. 

American,  see  Orange  City.  la. 

American  Reformed,  see  Chicago  2nd. 

American  Reformed.  Hamilton,  Mich..  1913,  Meengs,  R.D.  1915-20,  Van 
.  Dyk.  F.  J.  1920 

Amersfort.  now  Flatlands.    Col.  Hist.  ii.  404. 

Amherst,  S.D.,  see  Weston. 

Amity.  (Clifton-Park.  Rexfords.  Rexfordville,  Visscher's  Ferry).  Saratoga 
Co.,  N.Y.,  1803.  Romeyn,  Thos.  (Jr.)  1806-27,  McKelvey,  J.  27-31,  Van 
Wagenen.  31-4,  Chittenden,  34-9.  Bronson.  A.  40-2,  Halloway,  43-9, 
Williamson,  G.  R.  49-52.  Raymond.  53-6,  Schoonmaker,  R.  L.  56-61, 
See.  W.  G.  E.  61-8,  Letson,  68-80,  Bartholf,  81-7.  Graham.  J.  E.  1888- 
1914,  DeHollander.  J.  A.  1916-1918.  Many,  D.  J.  Jr.  1918-21. 

Amity,    (Miss,  station).  Dwight,  M.  W.   1823.  Murphy,  Miss,  to,   1830. 

Amoy,  see  China. 

Amsterdam,  Montgomery  Co.,  N.Y.,  1795.  Supplied.  Ten  Eyck,  Conrad 
1799-1803.  Became  Presbyterian.  See  Dailey's  Hist,  of  Montgomery 
Classis,  109-10.     Doc.  Hist.  N.Y.,  iii,  673,  683. 


THE    CHURCHES  609 

Amsterdam,  (Albany  Bush,  after  1821  Union)   1815.     Morris,  J.  1827,  Stry- 
ker,   H.   B.    1827-31.     Became  extinct.     See  Fonda's  Bush  and  Union, 
Dailey's  Hist,  of  Montgomery  Classis,  iio. 
Amsterdam — Seceder.     (Union)    1822,  Palmer,  1822-30.     See  Dailey's  Hist. 

of  Montgomery  Classis,  no. 
Amsterdam  ist,  (Port  Jackson),  Montgomery  Co.,  N.Y.,  1850.     Roof,  50-5, 
Gates,  56-7,  Switz,  A.  J.   (S.S.)    57-59  and  62-3,  Duryea,  I.  G.  59-62, 
Voorhees,  H.  M.  63-5,  Quick,  A.  M.  65-9,  Pettingill,  (S.S.)  70-2,  Minor, 

73-80,  Kyle,  J.  R.  1881 .     See  Dailey's  Hist,  of  Montgomery  Classis 

II,  Christian  Intelligencer,  Oct.  17,  1900. 
Amsterdam,  Trinity,  1892.     Beattie,  Jas.  A.  92-4,  Blekkink,  94-9,  Van  Zee, 
1900-1901,  Furbeck,  H.  R.  1901-1903,  Dailey,  W.  N.  P.  1903-1911,  Mur- 
phy, J.  H.   1911-1916,  Muste,  C.  B.   1917-1918,  Steininger,  G.   1919-22. 
See  Dailey's  Hist.  Montgomery  Classis,  13. 
Ancram,  Columbia  Co.,  N.Y.,   1746,  supplied  by  Livingston,  J.  L.  1779-81, 

by  Lansing,  N.  1781-4. — See  Gallatin.    Smith's  Hist.  N.Y.,  307. 
Anderson   Memorial,    (Belmont),   see   N.Y.C.,   borough   Bronx. 
Andriestown,  1798.     Branch  of  the  Church  of  German  Flatts,  continued  in 
the  Columbia  Church.     See  German  Flatts,  Columbia.     Dailey's  Hist. 
of  Montgomery  Classis  in.    See  Canada. 
Angelica,  Alleghany  Co.,  N.Y.,   1797,   Gray,  A.   1797-1819. 
Annandale,  (Clinton)   Hunterdon  Co.,  N.J.,  1866.     Van  Doren,  J.  A.  66-72, 
Van    Amberg    supplied;     Cleveland,    77-81,    Williamson,    W.    H.    81-3, 
Wycoff,   G.   84-5,    Henderson,   86-91,    McWilliams,    (S.S.)    91-4,   Mer- 
shon.  A.   L.  95-8,  Allen,   H.  B.  98-1901,  Williamson,  J.   F.   1902-1903, 
MacQuesten,  Rockwood,  1904-1910,  Wyckoflf,  Garret   (S.S.)    1910-1912, 
Furbeck,   H.    R.    1912-1917,    Luther,   M.    F.    1918-21,    Robertson,    G.    1. 

1922 

Annville,  Kentucky,  1911.    Worthington,  Wm.  A.  1911 

Aomori,  see  Japan. 

Apache  (Indian),  Lawton,  Okl,  1907   (Fort  Sill).     These  Indians  were  at 
first  U.S.  prisoners  of  war.    Legters,  L.  L.  1907-10,  Sluyter,  H.  1911-13, 

Baxter,  J.  H.  1913 .  Dykema,  J.  1913-15,  Harper,  R.  H.  1915. 

Apache,  1918,  see  White  Tail,  N.M. 

Aplington,  Monroe,  Butler  Co.,  la.,  1886.    Schaefer,  F.  1886-1901.    Dropped. 
See  Monroe,  S.D. 

Aplington,  la.,  1908.     Zindler,  G.  1909-1916,  Schnucker,  G.  1916 

Arabia.     Mission  Field. 

The  Arabian  Mission  was  organized  in  1889  and  its  first  missionary  sailed 
on  Oct.  i6th  of  that  year.  At  that  time  the  Board  of  Foreign  Missions 
found  it  impossible  to  accept  any  responsibility  for  this  new  enterprise,  and 
the  Mission  was  organized  as  an  independent  society.  After  many  difficul- 
ties in  the  home  administration  it  was  transferred  to  the  supervision  of  the 
Board  in  1894.  The  distinct  existence  of  the  old  corporation  is  still  pre- 
served, and  the  accounts  are  kept  separate  from  those  of  the  other  missions 
of  the  Reformed  Church.  The  administration  is  altogether  in  the  hands  of 
the  Board.  The  mission  occupies  the  territory  along  the  Persian  Gulf  and 
the  great  rivers  flowing  into  it.     The  language  is  Arabic. 

The  stations  at  which  missionaries  reside  and  the  dates  of  their  opening 
are  as  follows : 

Basrah    1891 

Bahrein    1893 

Maskat    1893 

Kuweit    1911 

Nasaria    1919 

Amara  1920 

Baghdad     1921 

Besides  these  there  are  several  outstations. 


6io 


THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 


Missionaries 

Rev.    James    Cantine,    D.D 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  G.  (DePree)  Cantine 

Rev.  Samuel  Zwemer,  D.D 

Mrs.  Amy   (Wilkes)   Zwemer   

C.  E.  Riggs,  M.D 

Rev.   Peter  J.   Zwemer    

James  T.  Wyckoff,  M.D 

Rev.  H.  R.  L.  Worrall,  M.D 

Mrs  Emma   (Hodges)   Worrall,  M.D 

Rev.    Fred.   J.   Barny    

Mrs.   Margaret    (Rice)    Barny    

Rev.  George  E.  Stone  

Sharon  J.   Thoms,   M.D 

Mrs.  Marion   (Wells)   Thoms,  M.D 

Mrs.  May   (DePree)   Thoms   (1906-1913)  . . . 

Rev.   Harry  J.  Wiersum    

Rev.   James    E.    Moerdyk    , 

Rev.  John  Van  Ess,  D.D 

Mrs.    Dorothy    (Firman)    Van    Ess    

Miss  Jennie  A.    Scardefield    , 

Arthur  K.  Bennett,  M.D 

Mrs.  Jessie  (Vail )  Bennett  , 

Mrs.  A.  Christine    (Iverson)    Bennett,  M.D. 

Miss  Lucy  M.  Patterson,  M.D 

Miss   Fanny   Lutton    

Mrs.  Martha  C.  Vogel   , 

C.  Stanley  G.  Mylrea,  M.D 

Mrs.   Bessie   (London)    Mylrea   , 

Rev.   Dirk  Dykstra    , 

Mrs.   Minnie    (Wilterdink)    Dykstra    , 

Rev.  G.  J.  Pennings   

Mrs.  Gertrud  (Schafheitlin)   Pennings  , 

Miss  Thyra   H.   Josselyn,   M.D 

Rev.    Edwin    E.    Calverley    , 

Mrs.    Eleanor    (Taylor)    Calverley,    M.D.    ., 

Paul    W.    Harrison,    M.D 

Mrs.    Regina    (Rabbe)    Harrison    

Rev.  Gerrit  D.  Van  Peursem    

Mrs.  Josephine  E.   (Spaeth)  Van  Peursem  ., 

Miss  Sarah  L.  Hosmon,  M.D 

Mr.    Charles    F.    Shaw    

Mrs.   Adele   F.    (Bayly)    Shaw    

Hall  G.  Van  Vlack,  M.D 

Mrs.  Mercy  L  (Dye)  Van  Vlack' 

Mr.   Philip  C.   Haynes    

Miss    Minnie    C.    Holzhauser    

Miss  Charlotte  B.  Kellien   

Rev.    Henry   A.    Bilkert    

Mrs.   Anna    (Monteith)    Bilkert    

Miss  Mary  C.  Van  Pelt  

Louis  P.  Dame,  M.D 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  (Purdie)   Dame  

Miss  Ruth  Jackson    

Miss   Rachel   Jackson    

Miss  Cornelia  Dalenberg  


Went  Out  Retired 


902 
890 
896 
892 
892 
894 
895 
901 
897 


918 
899 
900 
902 
909 
903 
904 
904 
909 
904 
904 

905 
906 
906 
906 
907 
908 
912 
908 
909 
909 
909 
916 
910 
910 
911 
911 
911 
911 
911 
911 
913 
915 
917 
917 
917 
919 
919 
921 
921 
921 


1893 

1898* 

1894 

1917 

1917 


i«99=' 
1913* 
1905* 

1901* 


1916 
1906* 
1916* 
1905 

1914 


1910 


1914 
1914 
1917 
1917 
1914 
1916 


*Died. 


THE    CHURCHES  6l  I 

Arapahoe,  Okl.,  1903.  Legters,  L.  L.  1903-05,  Conklin,  M.  T.  1905-1910, 
also  Hoffman,  J.  J.  1908-1911.  Church  dismissed  to  the  Southern  Pres- 
byterian Church,  April,  191 1. 

Arcadia,  (Fairville),  Wayne  Co.,  N.Y.,  1835.  Nevius,  1835-6,  Turner, 
W.  E.  1841-8,  Whitbeck,  J.,  1850-2,  Snyder,  B.  F.  1855-6,  Turner, 
1862-6.     Disbanded  1870. 

Arcadia,  Newark,  Wayne  Co.,  N.Y.,  1883,  (Hoi.)  Baas,  83-8,  VanDoorn, 
M.  89-93.  Dangremond,  G.  1895-1907,  Hogenboom,  S.  M.  1908-1917, 
DeYoung,  Ben.  1918 

Archer,  O'Brien  Co.,  la.,  1900.  Vander  Heide,  James  1904-1906,  Classical 
Missionary  and  supplies  1906-1911,  Van  Heuvelen,  B.  1911-1914,  Men- 
ning,  S.  J.  1915-1919,  Duiker,  W.  J.  1919-21. 

Arcot,  see  India. 

Argyle,  Washington  Co.,  N.Y.,  1809,  merged  in  Fort  Miller,  1838.  Ostran- 
der,  S.  (S.S.)  two  years,  Johnson,  I.  Y.  17-21,  Van  Hook,  23-4,  Mc- 
Kelvey.  J.,  Miss,  to,  27,  Fonda,  (S.S.)  1822,  27  and  29.  Mair,  Miss,  to, 
29,  Laing,   1832-3. 

Arlington.  N.  Y.,  see  Poughkeepsie. 

Armour,  1885,  see  Grand  View,  S.D. 

Ami,  see  India. 

Arpin,  Wis.,  see  Vespers. 

Artesian,  S.D.   (Station)    1910-1914,  Classical  Missionary. 

Asbury,  Palco,  Kan.,  1907-1912.     Supplies. 

Asbury  Park,  Monmouth  Co.,  N.J.,  1876.  Wilson,  F.  F.  76-8,  Enos,  78-9, 
Ballagh,  W.  H.  80-6,  Preyer,  86-8,  Scudder,  E.  C.  (Sr.)  89-95,  Stryker, 
P.  96-1900,  Conger,  W'.  1901-1905,  Broek,  J.  Y.  1906-1908,  Conover,  G, 
M.  1909 

Ashokan,  now  Shokan. 

Asquach,  same  as  Osquak. 

Astoria,  1st  and  2nd.     See  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Queens. 

Athenia,  see  Centerville,  N.J. 

Athens,  Greene  Co.,  N.Y.,  1826.  Abeel,  D.  26-8,  Van  Cleef,  C.  28-33,  Wil- 
son, Jos.  34-6,  Wynkoop,  Jef.  36-40,  Holmes,  E.  40-1,  Watson,  J.  41-4, 
Cornell,  W.  A.  44-8,  Talmadge,  J.  R.  49-50,  Betts,  (S.S.)  51-4,  Buck- 
elew.  55-9.  Spaulding,  60-8,  Campbell,  A.  D.  68-82,  Vander  Wart,  H. 
83-86,  Hill,  W.  B.  86-90,  Ashley,  90-2,  Schomp,  93-7,  Dailey,  97-1901, 
Van  Burk,  John  1902-1906,  Purdy,  M.  S.  1907-1909,  Herge,  H.  J.  1909- 
21,  Davis,  E.  E.  1921 

Athens  2d,  N.  Y.,  1859.  Prentiss,  1904,  Spaulding,  60-6,  supplied  by 
DeMund,  71-1875.    Occasional  supplies.    Dropped  1909. 

Athens,  Bradford  Co.,  Pa.,  1858.  Todd,  A.  F.  1858-65,  Berry,  P.  1865-8, 
Shaw,  J.  F.  1868-70. 

Atlantic  Highlands,  see  Highlands,  N.J. 

Atwood,  Central  Lake,  Mich.,  1889.     Pool,  Wm.  1897-1902,  Van  Heuvelen, 

B.    1902-1909,   Burggraaff,  Elder    (S.S.)   1912,   Deelsnyder,   C.  W. 

1912-1914.  Vanden  Heuvel,  A.  J.  1914-1917,  Webinga,  J.  1917-20, 
Schroeder.  P.  E.  A.   1921 

Auburn,  see  Owasco  Outlet,  N.Y. 

Aurelius.  Cayuga  Co.,  N.Y.,  1813.  Probably  the  same  as  Owasco  Outlet. 
Ten  Eyck.  C.  1813-26. 

Auriesville.  Montgomery  Co..  N.Y.,  1839.  Jukes,  1839-1844,  Olinda,  Douw, 
S.S.)  1845-1846,  Root,  1846-1850,  Burnham,  I.  P.  (S.S.)  1851-1854, 
Van  Vranken.  A.  H.  (S.S.)  1854-1855,  Wells,  R.  (S.S.)  1858-1860, 
Nott.  J.  (S.S.)  1861-1878.  Dvsart,  J.  P.  (S.S.)  1878,  Kip,  F.  M.  1879- 
1883,  Boyd,  J.  C.  (S.S.)  1884-1899,  Enders,  J.  H.  (S.S.)  1901,  Faber,  J. 
P.  (S.S.)   1902,  Wessels,  P.  A.  1906-1909,  Meeker,  E.  J.   (S.S.)   1909- 

1914,  other  supplies    (S.S.)    Hageman,  T.  A.  1921.     See  Dailey's 

Hist.  Montgomery  Classis,  13. 

Aurora,  Stickney,  S.D.,  1915.  Classical  Missionary,  1916-1919,  Dykstra, 
B.  D.  1919,  Wynveen,  B.  J.  1921 


6l2  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Aussenberg,  1806,  see  Canada. 

Avenue  B,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Avon,  S.D.,  see  Tyndall,  S.D. 

Bacon  Hill,  see  Northumberland,  N.Y. 

Bahrein,  see  Arabia. 

Baileyville,  Ogle  Co.,  111.,  1884,  Zindler,  86-96,  De  Beer,  J.  98-99,  DeWitz, 
1899-1902,  Thormann,  E.  H.  1903-1910,  Bracker,  B.  1911-1914,  Landsie- 
del,  Wtn.  1914-1915,  Watermulder,  L.  (S.S.)  1917-1919,  Wernecke, 
H.  1920 

Baisic,  now  Westerlo. 

Baker,  (Sibley,  Melvin),  Osceola  Co.,  la.,  1894,  Missy,  A.  1896;  supplied, 
Zindler,  G.  (S.S.)  1901-1903,  Denekas,  W.  1904-1909,  supplied  by  Clas- 
sis,  etc.,  1910-14,  Niehaus,  H.  H.  1914-15. 

Baldwin,  Wis.,  1905.  Bloemendal,  R.  1905-1907,  Vander  Scheor,  C.  19,08- 
1914,   Laman,  A.  T.   1914-21,  Wolterink,  J.   1921 

Bannertown,  Woodford  Co.,  la.,  1882. 

Barren   Island,  see  N.Y.C.,   Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Basrah,  see  Arabia. 

Bath-on-the-Hudson,   1892,  see  Rensselaer,  N.Y. 

Battenville,  N.Y..  1807.     Duryee,  P.  H.   (S.S.)    1807. 

Battle  Creek,  Calhoun  Co.,  Mich.,  1855.  Schultz,  1855-7,  Brown,  H.  J. 
1858-62,  Rogers,  S.  J.  1862-5,  Collier,  I.  1866-70,  Halloway,  W.  W. 
1872-3,  Vander  Hart,  1876-7. 

Bayonne,  see  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 

Bayridge,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Beach  Woods,  Tioga  Co.,  N.Y.,   1823.     Mandeville,   G.  24-6. 

Beacon,  N.Y.,  see  Fishkill-on-Hudson,  Glenham. 

Beacon,  N.Y.,  Italian  Mission.     Moncada,  P.  S. 

Beaverdam,  Berne,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.  First  Baptisms  1763.  Somer,  1765-7, 
Schuyler,  1767-77,  Schneyder,  1785-89,  Broffel,  1789-95,  Van  Huysen, 
1795-97.  Bork,  1797-1808,  Labagh,  1808-11,  DeVoe,  1811-16,  Bogardus, 
1821-25,  Blair,  1825,  Van  Wagenen,  1826-31,  Myers,  1831-35,  Van  Kleek, 
1837-42,  Mcrsereau.  (S.S.)  1844,  Demarest,  Wm.  1846-50,  Vedder,  1851- 
55,  Van  Liew,  J.  C.  1856-60,  Miller.  E.  1860-72,  Doig,  1872-86,  Wurts, 
1886-93,  Roberts,  1894-1901,  Sluyter,  H.  1902-04,  DeGraff,  G.  D.  L. 
1905-08,  Seso,  A.  A.  1911-1919,  Reynolds,  K.  M.  1921 

Berne,  ist,  was  one  body  with  Beaverdam  until  1830. 

Beaverdam.     See  Roxbury. 

Beaverdam,  Zeeland,  Ottawa  Co.,  Mich.,  1870.  Brock,  J.  C.  72-84,  Bahler, 
P.  G.  M.  85-9,  Baas,  J.  1891-1903,  Van  Zanten,  J.  J.  1904-1908,  Van 
Der  Meer,  M.  1909-1911,  Te  Paske,  J.  W.  1913-1917,  Maassen,  Herman, 
1919 

Becker's  Corners,  N.  Y.     Noted  as- a  church.     Min.  Gen.  Syn.,  1901,  p.  1290. 

Bedford,  see  N.Y.C.,   Borough  of   Brooklyn. 

Bedminster,  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,  1758.  Hardenbergh,  J.  R.  1758-81,  Romeyn, 
T.  F.  1784-5,  Studdiford,  P.  1787-1800,  Duryee,  J.  1786-1800,  Schure- 
man,  1801-7,  Hardenbergh,  C.  1808-20,  Fisher,  I.  M.  21-39,  Schenck, 
G.  40-52,  Brush,  W.  52-65,  Pool,  66-75,  McNair,  76-92,  Jones,  T.  W. 
1892-1906,  Kruizenga,  E.  R.  1907-1913,  Mallery,  G.  G.  1914-1919,  Dur- 
fee,  J.  F.  1920 .  See  H.  P.  Thompson's  Hist.  of.  Christian  Intel- 
ligencer, July  7,  1897. 

Beekman,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y.,  1825.     Amerman,  T.  A.   (S.S.)    1830-1. 

Bejou,  Minn.,   1921.     Hibm.a,  T.  1921 .     See  Spring  Creek,  Minn. 

Belfast,  Maine,  Trinity,  see  East  Belfast. 
Belgrade,  Minn.,  1921. 
Belle  Mead,  N.J.,  see  Griggstown,  N.J. 

Belleville,  (Second  River),  Essex  Co.,  N.J.,  1700.  Bertholf,  G.  (S.S.) 
1700-24,  Coens,  1725-30  Van  Santvoord,  C.  1730-2,  Haeghoort,  1735" 
76,   Leydt.   M.    1779-80,   Schoonmaker,   H    (S.S.)    1784-94.    Stryker,   P. 


THE    CHURCHES  613 

1794-1809,  again  1810-12,  Van  Stanvoord,  S.  14-28,  Abeel,  G.  28-34 
Meyers,  A.  H.  35-7,  Garretson,  J.  37-49,  DeMund,  50-6,  Talmage.  T 
D.  W.  56-9,  Studdiford,  P.  A.  59-66,  Halloway,  W.  67-71,  Strong,  J 
P.  71-9.  Voorhees,  H.  M.  80-2,  Brokaw,  R.  W.  82-8,  Leggett,  W.  J 
89-93,  Hageman,  A.  95-9,  Connor,  1899-1911,  Miller,  W.  J.   1911-1914 

Hamner,  J.  G.  Jr.  1915 

Sec  Stcar)i's  Hist.  A'czvark,  NJ.     Taylor's  Annals  Classics  of  Bcrycn. 

Bellevue,  1893,  see  Schenectady,  N.Y. 

Bellona,  see  Benton,  N.Y. 

Belmond,  1884,  see  Emmanuel,  la.,  see  Meservey,  la. 

Belmont,  see  Anderson  Memorial,  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  the  Bronx. 

Bemis,  S.  D.  1918.     Grull,  G.  D.  1919-20. 

Bensalem,  Bucks  Co..  Pa.,  1710.  (In  union  with  N.  and  S.  Hampton,  until 
1719,  when  it  became  Presbyterian).  Van  Vleck.  P.  1710-13,  Mala- 
chi  Jones,  1713-19.  See  Ch.  Records  Journal  Pres.  Hist.  Soc.  Vol.  i, 
No.  1,  May,  1901. 

Bentheim,  see  East  Overisel,  Mich. 

Benton,  Yates  Co.,  N.Y..  1817.  Afterward,  Bellona;  occasionally  sup- 
plied by  Duryee,  John,  from  New  Jersey.  Wack,  C.  P.  1831-5.  Be- 
cainc  Presbyterian. 

Berea,  Walden,  Orange  Co.,  N.Y.,  1819.  (This  was  an  ofifshoot  of  the 
Presbyt.  Ch.  of  Goodwill,  but  became  R.  D.  C.  in  1822,  in  order  to 
secure  the  services  of  Mr.  Ten  Eyck).  Ten  Eyck,  J.  B.  21-72,  Com- 
fort, 72-9,  Milliken,  P.  H.  79-82,  Westveer,  82-7,  Burrows,  88-91,  Win- 
ant,  92-4,   Searle,  E.  V.  V.  96-9.     Dropped   1902. 

Bergen,  1660,  see  Jersey  City. 

Bergen  Neck,  1829,  see  Bayonne  and  Jersey  City. 

Bergen  Point,  1854,  see  Bayonne  and  Jersey  City. 

Berkshire  Valley.  Tioga  Co..  N.Y.,  1826.     Mandeville,  G.  1826-8. 

Berne  1st,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  1830.  (See  Beaverdam).  Tarbell,  Miss, 
to,  1826.  Van  Wagenen. '26-31,  Meyers,  A.  H.  31-5,  Van  Kleek,  35-43, 
Demarest.  W.  46-51.  Vedder.  51-4,  Van  Liew.  J.  C.  56-60,  Miller,  E. 
60-72,  Doig,  72-85,  Wurts,  86-93.  Roberts.  94-1901,  Sluyter,  Henry, 
1902-1904.  De  GrafT,  G.  D.  L.  1905-1908,  Seso,  A.  A.  1911-1919,  Rey- 
nolds, K.  M.  1921 

Berne,  2d,  (Knox),  Thompson's  Lake,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  1826;  supplied 
by  J.  G.  Tarbell,  26,  Cahoone,  27,  Stryker,  P.  (Sr.)  27-9;  by  Blair,  Hali- 
day,  Fort,  A.  Van  Santvoord,  S.  28-32;  Van  Arsdale,  J.  R.  34-5,  Van 
Kleek,  (S.S.)  36,  Waring,  (S.S.)  38,  Van  Santvoord,  S.  39-41.  Kuies- 
kern.  41-5;  Sill.  Middlemas,  Van  Santvoord  S.,  Cordell,  45-68,  Ballagh, 
W.  H.  68-77,  Slocum,  79-83,  Lansing,  A.  G.  84-5,  Parsons,  86-94,  Lock- 
wood,  H.  94-1901,  Van  Ess,  Jacob,  1902-1904,  Kelder,  Edward  1905- 
1908,  Appel,  J.  B.  1909-1910,  Davis,  W.  E.  1911-1915,  Read,  Geo.  O. 
1921 .     See  Knox. 

Bethany,  Sully  Co.,  la..  1886.  Van  Emerick,  87-94.  (S.S.)  Zwemer,  F. 
96-8,  Gruys,  1898-1905.  Mansen,  F.  B.  1907-1910,  Muller,  C.  1910-1913, 
Vander  Heidc,  James  1913-1919,  Bakker,  A.  1919-21,  Petterson,  H.  M. 
1921 

Bethany,  1892.  see  Chicago,  111. 

Bethany,   1893,  see  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Bethany,   1899,  see  Clara  City,  la. 

Bethany,  see  Roxboro.  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Bethany,  see  N.Y.C..  borough  Brooklyn. 

Bethany.  Memorial,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  Bronx. 

Bethany,  see  Kalamazoo,  Mich. 

Bethel,  Wis..  1850. 

Bethel.  Pclla,  Marion  Co.,  la..  1866.  De  Pree,  67-72,  Wormser,  75-8, 
Westing.  82-4.  Wormser  (S.S.)  86.  Ziegler,  87-92.  Heines,  94-6.  Troost, 
99-1905,  DePree,  H.  P.  1905-1907.  DeBruine.  S.  1909-1913.  TePaske, 
A.  J.  1913-1916,  DeBruine,  S.  1917-1919.  Haan.  G.  G.  1921 

Bethel.  Leota,  Minn..  1891.     Dangremond,  G.  (S.S.)  93-5.  Pietenpol.  1895- 


6l4  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

1902,  Schuurmans,  H.  P.  1903-1906,  HoUebrands,  J.  J.  1907-1910,  Groot- 
enhuis,  J.  H.  E.  1910-1915,  Van  der  Schaaf,  J.  J.  1916— — 

Bethel,  George,  la.,  1894.  Janssen,  96-8,  Schnucker,  1899-1903,  Ziegler,  L. 
1903-1908,  supplied  1908. 

Bethel,  Davis,  S.D.,  1896.  Teichrieb,  96-7,  Koerlin,  E.  F.  1897-1903,  vacant, 
1903-1906,  Koerlin,  E.  F.  1906-1908,  vacant,  1908-1912,  Kramer,  G.  1912- 
1916,  Hortsch,  H.  W.  1917-21. 

Bethel,  Detroit,  Mich.,  1898.  Husted,  1898-1901.  Dismissed  to  the  Classis 
of  Toledo,  R.C.  U.S.  1901. 

Bethel,  Shiloh,  Magnolia,  Lynchburg,  S.C.,  1904.  Nance,  Thomas  A.  1904- 
1911.    Disbanded  Oct.  10,  1911. 

Bethel,  see  Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  1906. 

Bethel,  see  Ellsworth,  Minn.,  1914. 

Bethlehem,  Selkirk,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  1763.  Bork,  1798-1803,  Overbagh, 
1805-6,  Westervelt,  R.  1808-16,  Kissam,  1818-41,  Willis,  42-51,  Simonson, 
52-64,  Voorhees,  H.  M.  65-71,  Skillman,  72-83,  Davis,  J.  P.  84-6,  De 
Hart,  87-8,  Dykstra,  L.  88-91,  Nasholds,  1891-1905,  Hotaling,  B.  J,  1906- 
1909,  Van  Woert,  H.  S.  1909-1919,  Mallery,  C.  G.  1919 

Bethlehem  2d,  Delmar,  1848.  Ch.  Building  erected  1841  as  "East  Branch  of 
Union  Ch."  Served  by  Simon  V,  E.  Westfall  1841-7,  Lansing,  J.  A. 
48-60,  Pearse,  60-98,  Clowe,  99-1900,  Allen,  H.  B.  1901-1910.  Name 
changed  to  Delmar,  ist,  1913,  which  see. 

Bethlehem,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  Secession,  1824. 

Bethlehem,  Milwaukee  Co.,  Wis.,  1850. 

Bethlehem,  New*  Sharon,  Taintor,  la.,  1894.  Supplied  occasionally  by 
Classical  Missionary,  94-1900,  Dykstra,  B.  D.  1900-1901,  Classical  Mis- 
sionary,  1901-1905,  Bruins,  B.   1905-1907.     Dropped   1913. 

Bethlehem,  see  Wilhelmina,  Md.,  1900. 

Bethsaida,  Magnolia,  S.C,  1904.    Peyton,  J.  B.  (S.S.)  1904.     Dropped  1912. 

Beverly,^  ]V[ich.,  1915.  Van  den  Heuvel,  A.  J.  1917-20,  Van  Dyke,  Henry 
1920 

Beverwyck,  see  Albany. 

Biglow,  Minn.,  1914.     Hoffs,  Harry  1917-1919. 

Big  Timber,  Mont.     1911 — see  Hope. 

Blawenburgh,  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,  1832.  (See  Harlingen  2d).  Heer- 
mance,  Henry,  32-5,  Talmage,  J.  R.  37-49,  Romeyn,  T.  B.  49-65,  Fritts, 
65-70,  Voorhees,  W.  B.  71-92,  Van  Orden,  1892-1904,  supplied  1904- 
1906,  Depue,  F.  E.  1906-1907,  Keator,  E.  (S.S.)  1908,  Fingar,  C.  J. 
1910-1915,  Hotaling,  H.  K.   1915-1919,  Olandt,  C.   1921 

Blendon,  North,  Hudsonville,  Mich.,  1903,  see  North  Blendon. 

Blendon,  South,  Hudsonville,  Mich.,  1883,  see  South  Blendon, 

Blenheim,  N.Y.,  1798.  Labagh,  P.  1798-1803  (?).  Schermerhorn,  C.  D. 
1803-1807,  Paige,  W.  supplied  at  times  1810-1820,  P.  1820-1830,  Salis- 
bury, Wm.  1831-1834.  Bogardus,  C.  1834 (?),  Knight,  Wm.  (S.S.) 

1840.    Dropped  1842.     See  South  Gilboa. 

Bloomfield,  N.J.,  see  Brookdale,  N.J. 

Bloomingburgh,  Sullivan  Co.,  N.Y.,  1819.  Du  Bois,  G.  20-4,  Van  Vechten, 
S.  24-41,  Mills,  S.  W.  (S.S.)  42-3.  pastor,  43-58,  Serale,  Jer.  (Jr.) 
58-62,  DuBois,  H.  63-66,  Frazee,  J.  H.  66-9,  Beattie,  R.  H.  70-2.  Todd, 
A.  F.  72-6,  Lydekker,  G.  77-82,  Wilson,  J.  B.  82-6,  Stillwell,  J.  L. 
86-1902,  Mclntyre,  J.  1903-1907,  Lydecker,  G.  D.  1907-1909,  Campbell, 
D.  G.  1909-1911,  DuBois,  A.  A.  1912-1914,  Colden,  Wm.  (S.S.)  1915, 
P.  1915—^ 
See  Wilson's  Hist.  Discourse,  1885. 

Bloomingdale,  Bloomington,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1796.  Smith,  T.  G.  1799- 
1808,  Hasbrouck,  J.  R.  H.  1809-13,  Van  Keuren,  1826-35,  McFarlane, 
1844-5,  Strong,  T.  C.  1845-9,  Snyder,  B.  F.  1850-2,  Lente,  1855-63, 
Blauvelt,  A.  1866-71,  Liebenau,  74-80,  Hill,  E.  80-2,  Westveer.  82, 
Wyckoff,  D.  W.  B.  82-3,  Compton,  83-7,  Bogardus,  F.  M.  88-90,  Millett, 
Jas.  1890-1902,  Force.  F.  A.  1905-1909,  Zabriskie,  A.  A.  1910-1919. 


THE    CHURCHES  6t5 

Bloomingdale,  1805,  see  New  York  City,  borough  Manhattan. 

Blooming  Grove,  De  Freestville,  Troy,  Rensselaer,  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.Y., 
1814.  Marselus,  N.  J.  14-22,  Taylor,  B.  C.  22-5,  Dumont,  26-9,  Ostran- 
der,  S.  31-9,  Middlemas,  40-4,  Wynkoop,  P.  S.  44-8,  Cornell,  W.  A.  49- 
52,  Spaulding,  52-6,  Van  Dyck,  L.  H.  56-61,  Staats,  J.  A.  61-6,  Ingalls, 
67-77,  Van  Doren,  W.  H.  78-82,  McGiffert,  83,  Gulick,  Jac.  I.  85-8, 
Swick,  90-4,  Hieber,  95-7,  Chrestensen,  1897-1903,  Faber,  J.  P.  (S.S.) 
1903-1904,  Bulness,  J.  J.  1906 

Bloomington,  1796,  see  Bloomingdale,  N.Y. 

Bloomington,  1877,  see  St.  Remys,  N.Y. 

Blue  Island.  III.,  see  Mt.  Greenwood,  Chicago,  111. 

Blue  Mountain,  Fawns,  Saugerties,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1851.  Hillman,  52-8, 
Blauvelt,  C.  J.  59-62,  Buckelew,  63-70,  Freeze,  72-4,  Labaw,  74-82, 
Hooper,  J.  F.  83-4,  Lansing,  A.  G.  85-7,  Wilson,  P.  Q.  (S.S.)  88-91, 
Stowe,  L.  S.  (S.S.)  93,  Vander  Meulen,  I.  98-1901.  DeGraff,  1901-1905, 
Kalemjian,  Mugerdich  N.  1905-1910,  Croft,  E.  O.  (S.S.)  1911-1912, 
Hess,  N.  1913-1915. 

Boden.  la.,  see  Boyden,  la. 

Blythebourne,  1890,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  Brooklyn. 

Boardville,  Passaic  Co.,  N.J.  (Mission  Station,  1854)  !  organized  as  a 
church,  1877 ;  Bernart,  Miss,  to,  56-77.  pastor,  77-82,  disbanded,  1883. 
Reorganized,  1885.    Disbanded,  1896. 

Bogart  Memorial,  see  Bogota,  N.J. 

Boght,  Cohoes,  Saratoga  Co.,  N.Y.,  1784.  Demarest,  John,  1790-1803,  Bas- 
sett,  1805-11,  Bronk,  13-22,  Steele,  J.  B.  24-33,  Bogardus,  C.  34-8, 
Pitcher,  W.  40-54,  Du  Bois,  J.  54-9,  Major,  60-4,  Raymond,  64-71, 
Taylor.  G.  I.  74-91,  Macardel,  91-3,  Walser,  (S.S.)   1893-1921. 

Bogota,  Bogart  Memorial,  N.J.,  1900.     Mac  Millan.  1900-1902,  Purdy,  M.  S. 

1903-1907.  Duncombe,  A.  1907-1915,  Lane,  Stoddard  1915 .     (Sheffer, 

H.  L..  Acting  Pastor,  1917-18),  Associate,  Shield,  F.  K.  1919 

Bogota,   N.J.,  Community,   1922,  see  Teaneck,  N.J. 

Bon  Homme,  S.D.,  1884,  see  Immanuel,  S.D. 

Boonton,  now  Montville. 

Boonton,  Morris  Co.,  N.J.,  1868.  Durand,  68-70.  Todd,  A.  F.  71-2,  Wilson, 
F.  F.  72-6,  Conklin,  J.  W.  76-80,  Walser.  81-2,  King,  A.  A.  83-7,  Per- 
lee,  88-91,  Mason,  A.  De  W.  91-4,  McKelvey,  A.  1894-1908,  Hageman, 
C.  R.  1909-1910,  Depue,  F.  E.   1911-1919.  Heroy,  G.  M.  1919— — 

Borneo,  see  India. 

(Boston,  Mass..  Mission  among  the  Hollanders.  1859.  Bechtold.  1859- 
66.  again  1868-70.  Dutch  cong.  org.  1873.  Vander  Kreeke,  1873-81,  dis- 
banded. This  ch.  was  Congregational,  but  the  services  were  con- 
ducted in  the  Dutch  language.     See  Bechthold). 

Bound  Brook.  South  Bound  Brook.  Somerset  Co..  N.J.,  1846.  Van  Neste, 
47-53.  Demarest,  W.  54-7.  Voorhees,  H.  V.  58-61,  Romaine,  B.  F. 
62-8.  Dutcher.  68-79,  Lyall,  J.  E.  80-1.  Talmage,  D.  M.  82-4.  Todd, 
A.  F.  84-6.  Schock,  88-91,  Mershon.  93-5,  Anderson,  C.  T.  1896-1907, 
Stout,  D.  H.  1907-1909,  Green,  H.  E.  1909 

Bowman's  Kill,  now  Buel. 

Boyden.  Boyden  Co.,  la.,  1888.  Lammers.  90,  Muilenberg,  92-4,  Bouma, 
94-8.  Wolvius,  1898-1903,  Van  Houte.  Jacob  1903-1916,  Van  Lummel, 
A.  J.  1917-1919,  Douwstra,  R.  D.  1919-21,  Lumkes,  J.  M.  1922 

Branchvillc,  1850,  see  South  Branch,  N.J. 

Brayminville,  .same  as  Schoharie  Mt. 

Brazil,  S.  A.  1624.  Michaelius.  at  San  Salvador.  1624-5.  Polhemus.  J. 
T.,  at  Olinda  and  Itamarca,  1637-54. 

Breakabin,  North  Blenheim.  Schoharie  Co.,  N.Y.,  1820.  Paige,  Miss,  to, 
22-6,  Evans,  Wm.  Miss.  to.  26-7.  Quaw,  34-36,  Steele.  J.  B.  (S.S.) 
yj,  Eggleston.  43-5.  Van  Woert.  J.  H.  50-3.  See,  W.  G.  E.  53-9,  Shaf- 
fer, T.  L.  60-7,  Vandewater,  67-9,  Miller,  E.  72-84,  Phelps,   P.  86-95, 


6l6  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Whitney,  95-8,  Beale,  1901-1903.     United  with  a  Lutheran  Church  and 

became  Presbyterian   1909. 
Brighton,  Rochester,  N.Y.,  1892,  Van  Westenberg,  92-6,  Betten,  D.  L.  1897- 

1910,  Stegenga,  Andrew  1911-1919,  Jacobs,  H.  C  1919-22. 
Brighton  Heights.   1823,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Richmond. 
Bristovv,  la.,  1910.     Schaefer,  D.   (S.S.)    1914.  Wubbena,  A.  1915-20.     See 

Fairview,  la. 
Britton,  De  Spelder.  Michigan,  1879,  Kershaw,   (S.S.)   79-82,  Borden,  83-7, 

GuHck,  Jac.   I.  91-3,   Rederus,    (S.S.)    93-5.   Nickerson,  97-9,  Kooiker, 

1900-1903.    Became  Presbyterian  1911. 
Britton,   Mich.,    1893,    Rederus    S.    (S.S.)    93-5,   Nickerson,    97-9,   Kooiker, 

1900-1903.    Dropped  1909. 
Broadway,  see  Paterson,  N.J. 
Bronx,  Borough  of,  see  New  York  City. 
Bronksville,  Westchester  Co.,  N.Y.,  1850.     Stewart,  50-2,  Collier,  Jos.  52-5, 

Roosevelt,    57-72,    Myers,    A.    E.    73-6,    Hutchins,    76-82,    Runk,    82-4, 

Rankin,  85-8,  McQueen,  91-3,  DeVries,  J.  H.  93-7,  Webster,  1897-1903, 

Robertson,  J.  L.   1903-1915,  Barnes,  O.  T.   1916-1919,  Edwards,  Deane 

1919 

Brookdale,  Bloomfield,  N.J.    This  church  was  known  as  Stone  House  Plains 

until  1903,  which  see.    Bogardus,  W.  E.  1892-1908,  Waldron,  Charles  E. 

1909-21,  Ross,  T.  M.  1921 

Brookfield,  Fairfield  Co.,  Ct.,   1869.     Roe,    1868-71,  Wells.  R.  71-5,  Allen, 

F.  E.    (S.S.)    "jf^"/,  Bogardus,  F.  M.  77-80.     Name  of  ch.  disappears, 

1886. 
Brooklyn,  borough  of,  see  New  York  City. 
Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  1660,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 
Brookville,  see  Oyster  Bay.  N.Y. 
Broome,  Schoharie  Co.,  N.Y.,  1822.     The  Church  of  Dyse's  Manor  was  in 

the   town   of    Broome,    hence    sometimes    called    Broome.      See    Dyse's 

Manor,  Gilboa. 
Brown  Settlement.  Sullivan  Co.,  N.Y.,  1851.     Bernart.  1851-4. 
Brown's  Station,  Church  of  the  Faithful.  Stewartville,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y., 

1900.     Zabriskie,  A.  A.   1901-1904.     Disbanded  1909. 
Brownville.  N.Y.,  see  Oyster  Bay,   N.Y. 

Brunswick,   (Copperas),  Peoria  Co.,  111.,  1840.     Sill,  1841-9,  Presbyt. 
Bruynswick,  see  Shawangunk,  N.Y. 
Buckbrook.    Sullivan   Co.,    N.Y.,    1858.      An   out-station   of    Callicocn   after 

1863. 
Buck  Creek,  Okl.  1904,  Marsilje,  P.  J.  (S.S.)   1904,  Hoffman,  J.  J.   (S.S.) 

1907,  Colby.  H.  E.  (S.S.)   1908.     Disappears. 
Bucks  Co..  Pa.     Dutch  Chs.  organized  therein  in  1710,  at  North  and  South 

Hampton.  Bensalem,  Neshaminy.  etc.     Written,  Buxconti,  in  Records 

at  Amsterdam.  Neths. 
Buel,    (Bowman's  Kill).  Montgomery  Co.,  N.Y.,   1802.     Toll,  J.  C.   1803- 

1807,   became   Presb.    1809-1842,   became   Reformed,    Starks,    1840-1842, 

Clark,  W.    (S.S.)    1842-1844,  became  finally  Pres.   1847.     See   Dailey- 

Hist.  Montgomery  Classis  ill. 
Buen  Creek.  Okl.  1907.     Probably  a  mistake  for  Buck  Creek. 
Buffalo.   Erie   Co.,    N.Y..    1838.     Beattie.   John   38-44,    Mabon.  W.   V.   V., 

Miss,  to  44-6.     Disbanded. 
Buffalo.    (Hoi.)    1853.     Wust,   55-6.   Kasse.  61-4.   Boer,   1876-9.     Name  of 

Ch.    disappears    in    1883. 
Buffalo,  1855.     See.  J.  L..  Miss,  to  1854-5,  pastor,  1855-61.     Disbanded. 
Buffalo,  N.  Y..  1898.     Lafayette  av.  Beaver.  1898-1901,  Cussler,  1901-1911, 

Benson,  C.  H.  1911-1916.  Torrens.  W.  R.  1917 

Buffalo  Centre.  Kas.  Co..  la.,  1893.     Huenemann,  94-8,  Watermuelder,  L 

1899-1913.  Schoon,  J.  H.  1914. 
Burlington,    Des    Moines    Co.,    Iowa,    1853.      Madoulet,    1853-5,    Muller,   J. 

1858-60. 


THE    CHURCHES 


617 


Burnetsfield,    German    Flats,    N.Y.,    1736.     \Veiss,    G,  M.    \736-42.     The 
name  of  this  place  had  quite  disappeared  from  view  until  the  letters 
of  Weiss   brought  it  again  to  light;    nor  was  the  locality  of   Weiss 
known  for  this  period.     See  Weiss. 
Bushkill,  Pa.,  see  Walpack,  Lower.  .  -c-    id     .«  ^n    WvrWnff 

Bushnell,   McDonough  Co.,   111.,    1856.     Livingston,   E.   ?•   58-70,  Wyckoff, 
J    71-4,   Bodine,  74-9,    Sharpley,   G.  80-4,   Owens,  84-6,  Jones,   T.   W. 
88-91,  Sonnema,  95-7,  Miedema,  1897-1900.     Dropped  1904. 
Bushrah.  see  Arabia.  ,      ,  r>       11 

Bushwick  {Boght),  1654.  See  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Brooklyn 
Buskirk's,  (Union  of  Sinthoik  and  Tiossiock,  Teoshoke  or  Tia shake) ,  Wash- 
ington Co  NY,  1792.  Smith,  S.  1794-1800,  Paige,  1800-1802,  Froehgh, 
Td  1803-8,  Ostrander,  S.  1810-20,  Fonda,  (S.S.)  1822,  27  and  29, 
Van  Hook"!  Miss,  to,  22,  Switz.  23-6,  Quaw  Miss,  to,  29  Heermance, 
Har.  1830-31  and  43-5,  Pitcher,  J.  H.  33-43,  Newton  E.  H.  45-48,  bearle, 
S.  T.  48-50,  Shaw,  J.  B.  Si-9,  Gardner,  T.  A.  6i-7,  Furbeck  67-7S, 
Ogden,  76-81,  Southland,  81-91,  Hogan,  R.  J.  94-7,  F^^^.^' J^98-i9^. 
StiUwell  J.  L.  1902-1908,  Phelps,  P.  T.  (S.S.)   1908-10,  Pitcher,  C.  W. 

1912-1913,  supplied  1918 

Buskirk's  Bridge,  same  as  Buskirk's.  .^    ^ 

Byron  Centre,  Mich.,  1910.  Classical  Missionary  ^9io,  Walvoord,  W  C 
1911-1914,  Droppers,  O.  G.  1915-1919.  Van  Egmond,  H.  1919-20,  Van 
Westenburg,  J.  1921 

Caatsban,  1730,  see  Kaatsban,  N.Y  a    ..  f, 

Caledonia    (Madison),  Dane  Co.,  Wis.,  1843-     Slingerland,  44-6. 

CaiHcoon  \Thumansville),  Sullivan  Co.,  NY  :856^  ^°f  X'hmo'lz' 
Schnellendreussler,  66-9,  Elterich.  71-5,  Windermuth  80-1  Schmolz, 
81-3,  Miller.  H.  85-8.  Unglaub,  1888-1904.  Straub,  J.  L.  I90() 

Callicoon  Centre,  see  Callicoon. 

Calvary,  see  Cleveland.  ' 

Calvary,  see  Grand  Rapids. 

Cambria,  see  Randolph  Centre.  .  r     1       T^  1  i.- 

Camp  1710  A  general  name  for  the  settlements  of  the  Palatmes  on 
each  side  of  the  Hudson.  These  settlements  soon  became  known  as 
East  Camp,  (Kingsbury,  Germantown).  and  West  Camp^  near  Kaats- 
ban See  East  Camp  and  West  Camp.  Smith's,  N.Y.,  199.  Doc 
Hist.  N.Y..  iii.  382-392.  See  also  Kinysbury.  (sometimes  misprintea 
Kingsbcrg),  and  Livingston  Manor. 

Camptown,  see  Irvington.  N.J. 

Canada,  Churches  in : 

Adolphustown.  1798.  1804.     McDowell.  1800-19.  Vo,^„ 

Elizabethtown,  1798,  embracing  Augusta  and  Yonge  as  stations.   KerDy, 

1801 

Frederickstown.  1798.  McDowell.  1800-19. 

Ernesttown,  1798.     McDowell,  1800-19. 

Matilda.  1798.  1806. 

Williamsburgh,   1798,   1806. 

Bay  of  Cante  or  Quinte,  1798- 

Osnaburgh,  1806. 

Markham.  1806.  McDowell    was     general 

Toronto.  1806.  I  missionary    to    all    these 


Kleinville.  1809 

Sydney.   1809. 

Little  York,  1810.  Burned  in  the 
War  of  1812,  now  Toronto, 
embracing,  perhaps  a  score 
of  churches. 

Sophiasburgh.   1810. 

Hallowell.   1816.     Now  Pictou. 


Canadian  churches. 


6l8  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

German  church  25  miles  north  of  York,  1806.  (Now  Toronto).  In 
1819,  Rev.  C.  D.  Schermerhorn  is  represented  as  ready  to  join  Mc- 
Dowell and  settle  in  Canada,  and  in  1823,  as  actually  settled  there 
in  Talbot  street,  Toronto.  See  Domestic  Missions.  Also  Mag.  R. 
D.  C.  i.  34- 
For  Canadian  Church  History,  see  Life  and  Times  of  Robert  Burns, 
D.D.,  pub.  by  Campbell  &  Son,  Toronto ;  Kemp's  Digest  of  the 
Minutes  of  the  Syn.  of  Presbyt.  Ch.  Canada,  (the  Free  Church)  ; 
pub.  by  John  Lovell,  Montreal,  1861.  Historical  Statistical  Report 
of  the  Presby.  Ch.  of  Canada,  in  connection  with  the  Ch.  of  Scot- 
■  ■  land,    for   the  year    1866 ;   pub.   by   Lovell,   Montreal,    1867.     The 

Year  Book  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  1875.    History  of  Foreign 
Missions  of  the  Secession  and  United  Presbyt.  Ch.  by  Rev.  Dr. 
John  McKerrow,  has  much  reliable  Canadian  Church  History  in 
it.     (Edinburgh,  Scotland).     Mr.  H.  M.  McCollum  wrote  an  elab- 
orate series  of  articles  in  the  Canada  Presbyterian  on  Canadian 
Church  History,  in   1879-80,   with  many  interesting  references   to 
the  R.  D.  missionaries.     Later  histories  have  no  doubt  been  pub- 
lished.    See  Doc.  Hist.  N.Y.  iii,  686.  McClintock's  Cyc.  viii,  544. 
Canada,   see  Alberta,   Ald«rson,  New   Holland,   Carlstadt,  Alberta,   Mon- 
arch, Alberta,  New  Holland,  Alderson. 
Canajoharie   (Sand  Hill)    Montgomery  Co.,  N.Y.,   1750.     Rosencrantz,  A. 
1752-1758,  and  at  times  between  1765-1794,  Loppius  (Lupp)   1760-1765, 
Kennipe  about  1775-1779,  Gros  occasionally   1779-1783,  Broeffle,   1784- 
1788,  Peck,  D.  C.*A.  1788-1796,  Gros,  1796-1800,  Labagh,  L  1800-1803, 
Wack,  J.  1804-1824,  also  at  times  Toll  1805-1815,  Hasbrouck,  J.  R.  H. 
1820-1826.     See  Fort  Plain,  1831,  Doc.  Hist,  i,  340. 
The    churches    of    Canajoharie,    Fort    Plain,    and    Stone    Arabia    were 
burned  in  1780  in  the  invasion  under  Brandt.    See  Fort  Plain,  Stone  Arabia, 
Fort  Herkimer,  Daily  Hist.  Montgomery  Classis,  112,  etc. 
Canajoharie  (independent),  1816.    Wack,  J.  J.  1816-27. 
Canajoliarie,   Seceder,    {Westcrlo   and   Middletozmi) ,    1822.      Toll,    1822-42. 
Canajoharie,  1827.     Van  Olinda,  supply,  27-30,  Wells,  R.  30-4,  Van  Kleek, 
34-6,  Robertson.  36-9,  Dunning,  42-5,  McFarlane,  45-8,  DeWitt,  L.  48-9, 
Chapman,  N.  F.  50-54,  Hammond,  E.  S.  (S.S.)  54-6,  Welton,  A.  (S.S.) 
1856-1857,  Romaine,    (S.S.)    1857-8,  P.  1859-62,  Van  Zandt,  B.   1862-9, 
Williams,  R.  R.  1870-83,  Lansing,  J.  A.    (S.S.)    1883-4,  Haines,  F.  S. 
1884-91,  Denman,  1892-6,  Peters,  J.  D.  1897-1910,  Davis,  George  1911- 

14,  Blekkink,  V.  J.  1914 .     See  Daily  Hist.  Montgomery  Classis,  17. 

Canarsie,  L.  L  (Ger.)  1877,  see  N.Y.C,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 
Canastota,   Madison  Co.,  N.Y.,   1833.     Gregory,   T.   B.    (S.S.)    34-6,   Stry- 
cker,  P.  (S.S.)  36,  Goetschius,  S.  Z.  (S.S.)  36-7,  Hyde,  Orin,  Presbyt. 
(S.S.)    37,   Van   Santvoord,   C.    S.   38-9,   White,    A.    (S.S.)    Pres.   39- 
40,  Rand,  41-4,  Drake,  45-53,  Gaston,  A.  H.  (S.S.)   Pres.  55-6,  Bogar- 
dus,  N.    (S.S.)    58-9,  Garretson,  J.  59-61,  Little,  Jas.  A.    (S.S.)    Pres. 
■   61-3,  Wurts,  63-8,  Lockwood,  J.  H.  71-3,  Wurts,   (S.S.)   77-8.     Name 
disappears  78-89,  reappears  90-4.  became  Pres.     See  Daily  Hist.,  Mont- 
gomery Classis,   115. 
Canton,  1830,  see  China. 

Carlstadt,  Alberta,  Canada,  see  New  Holland. 

Carmel,  Rock  Valley,  Sioux  Co.,  la.,   1896.     Te  Selle,  97-1900,  Dykhuysen, 
H.    1901-1904,   Kots,  J.  W.    1905-1911,   Dejonge,   B.    1912-1914,    Schut, 

Henry,  1915-1918,  Tietema,  J.  H.  1919 

Caroline,  Tompkins  Co.,  N.Y.,   1800.     Mandeville,  G.   1802-4. 

Caroline,  1831.     Wack,  C.  P.  1831,  Tarbell,  32-40,  Gates,  42-50,  Whitbeck, 

J.  52-68.     See  Dailey  Hist.  Montgomery  Classis,  115. 
Case  Township,  Moore,  Okl.  1906,  Sandham  Memorial. 
Castalia,  S.  D.  1884,  see  Charles  Mix,  S.D. 
Castleton,  Emmanuel,  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.Y..  1853.     Stimpson,  E.  P.  53-61, 


THE    CHURCHES  619 

Heermance,  E.  L.  61-9,  Mills,  G.  A.  70-82,  Campbell,  A.  D.  82-9,  Dun- 
lap,  (S.S.)  88-9,  Wyckoff,  C.  E.  91-3,  Thomas,  E.  E.  1894-1904,  Wyckoff, 
A.  C.  1906-1909,  Soper,  W.  P.  1909-1914,  MacCuIlum,  E.  A.  191 5 

Castlewood,  Dempster,  S.D.,  1908.  Denekas,  W.  (S.S.),  1910-1918,  Rozen- 
dal,  A.  1918-22. 

Castorland,  see  Naumberg. 

Catlin,  Cayuga  Co.,  N.Y.,  1831.     Rogers,  L.  1832-3. 

Cato,  Cayuga  Co.,  N.Y.,  1818.  De  Fraest,  21-6,  Wyncoop,  R.  Miss,  to, 
2y,  Stevenson,  Miss,  to,  28-9,  Hoffman,  31-43,  Knight,  R.  W.  45-52, 
Morse,  A.  G.  57-9,  Watson,  T.  G.  61-9,  Swick,  69-71,  Wilson,  F.  F. 
l^'Z.  Van  Doren,  74-6,  Wells,  R.  76-80.  In  1884  became  Presbyterian.  See 
Dailey's  Hist.  Montgomery  Classis,  116. 

Cato  Seceder,  1827. 

Catskill,  (Old)  afterward  called  Madi.son  and  Leeds;  Green  Co.,  N.Y.,  1732. 
Census  for  1720  in  Doc.  Hist,  i,  244.  Weiss,  1732-35,  Van  Seine,  1736- 
38,  Mancius,  1738,  Weiss,  1744,  Schnoor,  1747-48,  Frelinghuysen,  T. 
1749-52,  Schuneman,  1753-94,  supplied  by  Labagh,.  Ostrander,  Van 
Vlierden,  Demarest,  Jn.  Brinkerhoff,  Froeligh,  Van  Hussen,  1794-98, 
Labagh,  1798-1809,  Ostrander,  H.  1810-12,  Wynkoop,  P.  S.  1814-17, 
Wyckoff,  L  N.  i8i8-Mar.  9,  1833,  at  this  date  this  organization  (at 
Leeds)  was  abandoned,  and  the  consistory  adjourned,  sine  die.  (See 
Catskill   village   and    Leeds). 

Catskill,  Greene  Co.,  N.Y.,  1833,  as  a  station,  supplied  by  Wyckoff,  L  N. 
28-33;  Wyckoff,  L  N.  33-6.  Romeyn,  Jas.  36-41,  Murdock,  42-51,  Van 
Gieson,  53-5.  Welch,  56-9,  Lansing,  J.  A.  60-6,  Horton,  67-73,  Thompson, 
J.  B.  74-84,  Vanslyke,  E.  84-97,  Demarest,  W.  H.  S.  97-1901,  Demarest, 
Alf.  1901-1904,  Berg,  L  H.  1906-1912,  Dykstra,  J.  A.  1912-1918,  Muste, 
C.  B.  1918-21,  Bennink,  J.  E.  1922 

Catskill,  see  Kiskatom. 

Caughnawaga,  New  Broadalbin,  1758,  see  Fonda,  N.Y. 

Cawker  City,  see  Rotterdam,  Kan. 

Cedar  Grove,  (formerly  Holland),  Sheboygan  Co.,  Wis.,  1854.  Beidler, 
Miss,  to,  55,  Vander  Schuuer,  55-6,  Van  Lieuwen,  57-9,  Vandcrmeulen. 
J.  C.  61-3,  Stobelar,  64-73,  Borgers,  74-81,  Wormser,  A.  82-7,  Stapel- 
kamp.  88-94,  Veldman,  95-8,  Van  Zanten,  1899-1904,  Klerk,  Ab.  1904- 
191 1,  Kuypers,  C.  191 1 

Centennial  Chapel,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Central,  see  Sioux  Centre,  la. 

Central  Avenue,  see  Jersey  City. 

Central,  see  Oskaloosa,  la. 

Central,  see  Grand  Rapids. 

Central  Bridge,  Schoharie  Co.,  N.Y.,  1875.  Millspaugh,  1876-8,  Buckelew, 
78-86,  Beekman,  T.  A.  89-93,  Lipes,  94-5,  Jongneel,  Jas.  95-9,  Voegelin, 
1900-1902,  Hageman,  P.  K.  1903-1906,  Moffett,  E.  O.  1906-1912,  More- 
house, H.  C.  1912-1913.     Disappears  1916. 

Central  Lake,  Mich.,  see  Atwood. 

Central  Park  Reformed  Church,  Mich.  New  name  1922  of  Graafschap 
Church,  which  see. 

Centreville,  Athenia,  Passaic  Co.,  N.J.,  1882.  McKelvey,  A.  82-3,  Still- 
well,  J.  L.  84-6,  Dubois,  Anson,  87-1901,  Van  Arsdale,  N.  H.  1901- 
1909,  Poppen,  J.  1910-1914,  Scudder,  H.  J.  1915-1919,  Hotaling,  H.  K. 
1919-1921,  Hageman,  T.  A.  1921 

Centreville,  St.  Joseph  Co.,  Mich.,  1839.     (Ketchum,  Miss,  to  1836),  Ben- 
nett, 39-44.  McNeish,  44-6,  Seeber,  47-8,  Minor,  48-50,  Schultz,  J.  N. 
.53-5.  Kershow,  55-65,  Van  Vranken,  A.  H.  65-80,  Peeke,  A.  P.  81-91, 
Sonnema,  91-5,  Bailey,  H.  S.  1896-1902,  Kooiker,  G.  1903-1905,  Simpson, 
H.  A.   (S.S.)    1906-1907.     Disappears  1909. 
Address  at  Semi-Centennial,   1891.     See  Peek's   Hist. 

Centreville,  Turner  Co.,  S.D.,  i88c.     (Known  simply  as  Dakota,  until  1884). 


620  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Warnshius,  H.  W.  81-Q2,  Nickerson,  92-6,  Midema,  96-07.  Disbanded 
1898. 

Ceylon,  see  India. 

Chancellor,  S.D.,  1904.  Haken,  G.  1904-1906,  Wubbena,  A.  1907-1915,  Ach- 
termann,  H.  1915-21.  Frerichs.  J.  B.  1921 .     See  Lennox,  ist. 

Chandler,  Minn.,  191 1.  Kots,  J.  W.  1911-1913,  Reinhart,  Harry  E.  1913- 
1920,  Klerekoper,  J.  1920 

Chapel  on  the  Heights,  (Bethany),  1855,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Chapin,  1890,  see  Zion,  la. 

Charles  Mix  (Castalia  and  Platte),  Harrison,  S.D.,  1884.  Zwemer,  F.  J. 
85-92,  Mollema,  1893-1901,  Dykstra,  B.  D.  (S.S.)  1903,  Pastor,  1904- 
1913,  Oldenburger,  T.  1914-1916,  Van  Dyk,  A.  1919 

Charles  St.  Chapel,  1916,  see  West  Hoboken,  N.J. 

Charlestown,  Montgomery  Co.,  N.Y.,  1797.  Wyckoff,  H.  V.  17 — 1803,  Van 
Buren,  P.  1805,  Hasbrouck,  J.  R.  H.  1820-6,  Morris,  J.,  Miss,  to,  27-9, 
Chittenden,  Miss,  to,  31-3.     See  Dailey  Hist.  Montgomery  Classis,  117. 

Charlestown  2nd,  1803.    Wyckoff,  H.  V.  1803-20,  Van  Kuren,  Miss,  to,  1824. 

Charlestozvn,  Seccder.  1822.     Wyckoff ,  H.  V.  1822-9. 

Charlestown  2nd,  Sccedcr,  1824. 

Charlestown,  Independent,  1829.     Wyckoff,  H.  V.  1829-31? 

Charleston,  S.C.   (station).     Lyall,  Wm.   1865-6. 

Charlevoix,  Mich.,  see  South  Barnard. 

Chatham,  Columbia  Co.,  N.Y.,  1843.  Porter,  E.  S.  43-9,  Williamson,  N. 
D.  50-1,  Schenck,  J.  W.  51-3,  Holmes,  E.  53-9,  Mead,  59-70,  Campbell, 
Jas.  B.  70-3,  Van  Ai'sdale,  N.  H.  74-80,  Brown,  T.  S.  80-97,  Denman, 
97-1901,  Leggett,  W.  J.  1901-1917,  Wright,  R.  C.  1918 

Chenango  (near  Binghamton)  Broome  Co.,  N.Y.,  1794.  Cornelison,  J.  1794, 
Ward,  J.  W.  1824-31.  Became  Presbyterian.  See.  Dailey  Hist.  Mont- 
gomery Classis,  117. 

Cherry  Hill,  Bergen  Co.,  N.J.,  1876.  Name  changed  to  North  Hackensack, 
1812,  which  see 

Cherrytown,   (station),  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.     Higgins,   (S.S.)    1878-9. 

Chester,  now  Westerlo. 

Chiang-Chiu,  see  China. 

Chicago,  Cook  Co.,  111.,  churches  in : 

1.  Chicago,  Hoi.  I3tii  Place,  1853.  Vander  Meulen,  C.  59-61,  Bolks,  61-2, 
Klyn,  63-8,  Debey,  68-91,  Bloemendal,  91-4,  Joldersma,  95-9,  Harmeling, 
H.  1900-1907,  Boer,  N.  1907-1910,  Schuurman,  H.  P.  1910-1913,  Schip- 
pers,  N.  1913-1918,  Broekstra,  M.  E.  1918 

2.  Chicago,  2nd,  (American  Refd.),  1854.  Ferris,  J.  M.  54-62,  William- 
son, N.  D.  62-5,  Demarest,  Jas.  66-71,  Gulick,  U.  D.  72-5.  Name  of 
ch.  dropped  after  1880. 

3.  Norwood  Park,  1871.  Gulick,  U.  D.  70-2,  Gulick,  A.  V.  72-82,  Rocke- 
feller, 82-4,  Joralmon,  84-95,  Hutchinson,  96-1900,  Miedema,  1900-1903, 
Thurston,  J.  A.  1904-1916.     Church  became  Presbyterian,  1916. 

4.  Irving  Park,  N.  42nd  Av.,  1874.  Lansing,  A.  G.  74-7,  Van  Vranken, 
H.  H.  77—,  Phraner,  W.  H.  83-8,  Williamson,  W.  H.  89-92,  Fairchild, 
92-4,  Brooks,  J.  W.  94-8,  Baker,  F.  P.  1899-1913.  Church  and  Pastor 
became  Presbyterian,  191 3. 

5.  Roseland,  ist,  Mich.  Av.  and  107  st.,  1879.  Kriekaard,  C.  79-84,  Van 
Ess,  B.  84-90,  Moerdyk,  W.  1900-1905,  Hospers,  H.  1905-1909,  Flipse, 
M.  1909-1914,  Heemstra,  J.  F.  1914-1919,  Harmling,  H.  1921 

6.  Englewood,  62nd  and  Peoria  sts..  1886.  Dejong,  J.  P.  87-93,  Dykstra, 
L.  93-8,  Hospers,  H.  1900-1905,  Broekstra,  M.  E.  1905-1908,  Nettinga, 
S.  C.  1909-1912,  Van  Duine,  A.  M.  1912-1915,  Lumkes,  J.  M.  1916-22. 

7.  Roseland,  2nd,  Bethany,  iiith  st.,  1890.  Hekhuis,  G.  J.  1891-1906,  Steu- 
nenberg,  J.  1907-1912,  Lamar,  J.  1912 

8.  Gano,  Clark  and  117th  sts..  1891.     Warnshuis,  J.  W.  91-5,  Poot,  95-8, 


THE    CHURCHES  62I 

Bouma,   P.   A.  J.   1898-1903,  Douwstra,   R.   D.    1904-1910,   Sietsema,   J. 
1911-1919,  Kuite,  J.  1921 

9.  Trinity,  446  Marshfield  Av.,  1891.  Moerdyke,  Peter,  1892-1907,  Van 
Peursem,  J.  1908-1912,  Heemstra,  J.  1914-1918.     Church  dissolved  1919. 

10.  Northwestern,  W.  Superior  st.  (Presbyt.  1888).  R.  C.  A.  1893.  Van 
den  Hook,  88-96,  Vander  Werf,  96-9,  Boer,  H.  K.  1900-1902,  Dejonge, 
B.  1902-1904.  Niemeyer,  G.  1905-1908,  Vander  Heide,  J.  1911-1913, 
Teeuwissen,  W.  (S.S.)   1916-1917,  Huiser,  John  (S.S.)   1918. 

11.  Englewood.  2d,  W.  66th,  Chicago,  111.,  1902.  Van  der  Meulen,  J.  1903- 
1905,  Brinkinan,  B.  F.  1906-1910.  Klerk,  A.  1911-1913,  Dykstra,  L.  1913- 
1918,  Vandenberg,  R.  1919 

12.  Immanuel  Mission,  Clerk  St.,  Chicago,  111..  1901.  (Fausett,  J.  E.  1901), 
(Van  Ess,  J.  1901-1902),  DeHaan,  J.  (S.S.)  1902-1904.  Church  dis- 
appears 1905. 

13.  West  Side,  Oak  Park,  Chicago,  III.,  1911-  Braak.  P.  1912-1916,  Pieten- 
pol,  H.  J.  1916-1920,  Vander  Naald,  H.  1922 

14.  Emmanuel,  loist  PI.,  Chicago,  111.,  1915.  Bennink,  J.  E.  1915-1917,  Pot- 
geter,  Luppo.  191 8 

15.  West  Side,  Hungarian,  S.  Ashland  Ave.,  Chicago,  111.,  1915.  Krisik, 
Alois  1915-1917,  Sebestyen,  Endre,  (S.S.)    1918. 

16.  Kensington  Italian  Mission,  Indiana  Ave.,  Chicago.  111.,  1915.  Malta, 
Frank  1916-17,   Papa,  J.  M.  A.  1917 

17.  Summit,  Chicago  Lawn,  Chicago,  111.,  1899.  Included  in  Chicago,  1918. 
DeHaan,  J.  (S.S.)  1899-1903,  Ossewaarde,  M.  1905-1908,  Niemeyer,  G. 
1908-1913,  Van  Vliet,  Wm.  1913-1916.  Meulendyke,  J.  1916-1919,  Te 
Grootenhuis,  J.  H.  E.  1919 

China — Mission  Field. 

This  mission  was  founded  in  1842.  The  Reformed  Church  shares  with 
the  London  Missionary  Society  and  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  England 
the  responsibility  for  evangelizing  the  southern  part  of  the  Province  of 
Fukien.  In  1918  a  portion  of  the  territory  formerly  assigned  to  the  London 
Missionary  Society  was  transferred  to  the  Reformed  Church,  thus  greatly 
enlarging  the  geographical  area  of  the  Mission.  It  is  estimated  that  the 
total  population  of  the  districts  assigned  to  the  Reformed  Church  Mission 
exceeds  three  million. 

From  the  beginning,  the  organization  of  the  Chinese  Churches  resulting 
from  the  evangelistic  work  has  been  independent  of  the  Churches  in  America 
and  Great  Britain.  The  Churches  established  by  the  Missions  of  the  Re- 
formed Church  and  the  English  Presbyterian  Church  have  also  from  the 
beginning  been  united  in  one  Church,  the  first  Classis  having  been  organized 
in  1862.  In  1893  this  Classis  was  divided  into  two,  and  the  organization  of 
the  Synod  of  South  Fukien  was  completed.  In  19 19  the  Churches  established 
by  the  London  Missionary  Society  entered  this  United  Church,  so  that  now, 
with  the  exception  of  a  few  stations  of  the  Seventh  Day  Adventists.  all  the 
Protestant  Churches  in  South  Fukien  are  united  in  one  Church  body.  The 
previous  editions  of  this  Manual  gave  a  detailed  list  of  the  churches  and 
stations  of  the  Reformed  Chuch  Mission  in  China,  but  as  these  are  not 
constituent  parts  of  the  Reformed  Church  Mission,  they  are  omitted  from 
this  edition.    The  names  however  are  found  in  their  alphabetical  location.  _ 

The  stations  at  which  the  missionaries  of  the  Reformed  Church  reside 
and  the  dates  of  their  opening  are  as  follows : 

Amoy    1842 

Sio-khe 1889 

Chiang-chiu    i°95 

Tong-an    1B95 

Leng-na    IQIQ 


622  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

MISSIONARIES    OF   THE   REFORMED   CHURCH    IN   AMERICA 
TO  AMOY,   CHINA. 

Went  Out  Retired 

Rev.  David  Abeel,  D.D 1842  1845* 

Rev.  Elihu  Doty   1844  1865* 

Mrs.  Eleanor   (Ackley)    Doty    1844  1845* 

Mrs.  Mary   (Smith)    Doty   1847  1858* 

Rev.  W.  J.   Pohlman    1844  1849* 

Mrs.  Theodosia  R.  (Scudder)  Pohlman 1844  1845* 

Rev.  J.  V.  N.  Talmage,  D.D 1847  1892* 

Mrs.  Abby  F.   (Woodruff)   Talmage   1850  1862* 

Mrs.  Mary  E.  (Van  Deventer)  Talmage  1865  1912* 

Rev.  J.  S.  Joralmon    1855  i860 

Mrs.  J.    S.   Joralmon    1855  i860 

Rev.  Daniel    Rapalje 1858  1901 

Mrs.  Alice  (Ostrom)  Rapalje  1878  1901 

Rev.  Alvin  Ostrom   1858  1864 

Mrs.  Susan  (Webster)  Ostrom 1858  1864 

Miss  Caroline   E.  Adriance    1859  1864* 

Rev.  John  E.  Watkins.     (Lost  at  sea) i860  i860* 

Mrs.  John  E.  Watkins.      (Lost  at  sea) i860  i860* 

Rev.  Leonard  W.  Kip,  D.D 1861  1901* 

Mrs.  Helen  (Culbertson)   Kip  1865 

Rev.  Augustus  Blauvelt  .* 1861  1864* 

Mrs.  Jennie    (Zabriskie)    Blauvelt    1861  1864 

Rev.  J.  Howard  Van  Doren  1864  1873* 

Rev.  John   A.    Davis    1868  1871* 

Mrs.  Emma   C.    (Wyckoff)    Davis    1868  1871 

Miss  Helen  M.  Van  Doren 1870  1877 

Miss  Katharine  M.  Talmage   1874 

Miss  Mary   E.   Talmage    1874 

Rev.  David  M.  Talmage   1877  1880 

Rev.  Alexander  S.  Van  Dyck  1882  1896 

Mrs.  Alice  (Kip)  Van  Dyck  1886  1896 

Rev.  Philip  W.  Pitcher   1885  1915* 

Mrs.  Anna  F.   (Merritt)    Pitcher   1885  1916 

Miss  Y.  May  King,  M.D 1887  1888 

Rev.  John  A.  Otte,  M.D 1887  1910* 

Mrs.  F.  C.  (Phelps)  Otte  1887  1911 

Rev.  John  G.  Fagg  1887  1894 

Mrs.  Margaret  (Gillespie)  Fagg 1889  1894 

Miss  Elizabeth  M.  Cappon  1891  1909* 

Miss  Nellie    Zwemer    1891 

Miss  Margaret  C.  Morrison  1892 

Miss  Lily  N.  Duryee   1894 

I.  S.  F.  Dodd,  M.D 1894  1895 

Mrs.  Mary  (Carpenter)  Dodd  1894  1895 

Rev.  A.  D.  D.  Eraser   1895  1898 

F.  T.  B.  Fest,  M.D  1896  1898 

Mrs.  Emmy  M.  (Hartwig)  Fest 1896  1898 

Rev.  Hobart  E.  Studley  1896  1903 

Mrs.  Edith  J.   (Holbrow)    Studley 1898  1903 

Miss  M.  Van  B.  Calkoen   1896  1899 

C.   Otto   Stumpf ,  M.D 1899  1906 

Mrs.  Eleanor  (Barwood)   Stumpf  1899  1906 

Miss  Angie  M.  Myers,  M.D 1899  1904 

Miss    Louise    Brink    1899  1902 

Rev.  A.  Livingston  Warnshuis    1900  1921 


THE    CHURCHES 


623 


Mrs.  Anna   (De  Vries)   Warnshuis   

Rev.  Douwe  Cornelius  Ruigh.  (Transferred  to  Japan). 
Mrs.  Christine  (Carst)  Ruigh.  (Transferred  to  Japan). 

Rev.  Harry  P.  Boot  

Mrs.  Nettie  (Kleinheksel)   Boot  

Rev.  Frank  Eckerson   

Miss  Sarah   R.   Duryee    

Miss  Alice   Duryee    

Miss  Elisabeth  H.  Blauvelt,  M.D 

Miss  Gertrude   Wonnink    

Rev.  Henry  J.   Voskuil    

Mrs.  Mary  W.  ( Shepard)  Voskuil  

Rev.  Henry  P.  DePree   

Mrs.  Kate    ( Everhard)    DePree    

Miss  Katharine  R.  Green    

Mrs.  Anna  H.    ( Afcengs)    Boot   

Rev.  Steward  Day  (1908-1914)    

Mrs.  Rachel  M.   (Smith)  Day  (1908-1914)    

John  H.  Snoke.  M.D 

Mrs.  Mary  E.   ( Shelton)  Snoke  

Miss  Leona  Vander  Linden    

Andrew  Benthius,  M.D 

Mrs.   Nellie    ( De  Young)    Benthius    

Rev.  William  H.  Giebel  

Mr.  Herman    Renskers    

Mrs.  Bessie  M.   (Ogsbury)    Renskers   

Edward    T.    Strick.    M.D 

Mrs.  Edith    ( Walker)    Strick    

Miss  Maude   Norling    

Miss  Edna  K.  Beekman  

George  W^  Dunlap,  M.D. * 

Taeke    Bosch,    M.D 

Mrs.  Margaret  (Brown)  Bosch 

Mr.  Frederick  J.  Weersing    

Mrs.  Bata   (Bemis)   Weersing   

Miss     Edith  C.  Boynton    

Rev.  Lyman    A.    Talman    

Mrs.  Rose  E.   (Hillcr)  Talman  

Rev.  H.  Michael  Veenschoten    

Mrs.  Stella  E.  (Girard)  Veenschoten 

Rev.  Henry   Poppen    

Mrs.  Dorothy  C.  (Trompen)  Poppen  

Rev.  Harvey  L  Todd 

Mrs.   Ethel   M.    (Langwith)    Todd    

Rev.  Edwin  W.  Koeppc  

Mrs.  Elizabeth    M.    (Renskers)    Koeppe    

Clarence  H.  Holleman,  M.D 

Mrs.  Ruth    ( Vanden   Berg)    Holleman    

Rev.  Matthijs  Vandeweg,   M.D 

Mrs.  Maria  A.   (Stempels)  Vandeweg  

Miss   Petra   Johnsen    

Rev.  Henry   Beltman    

Mrs.  Sara    (Trompen)    Beltman    

Miss  Tena    Holkeboer    

Miss  Jean  Nicnhuis  

Mr.  William  Vander  Meer  

Miss  Elizabeth  G.  Bruce  


1900 

I92I 

1902 

1 90s 

1904 

1905 

1903 

1903 

1908" 

1903 

1903 

1905 

1903 

1911^ 

1905 

1908 

1906 

1908 

1907 

1908 

1907 

1907 

1907 

1908 

I9I6 

I9I6 

1908 

I9I8 

1908 

1918 

1909 

1909 

I9I4 

1909 

I9I4 

1909 

I9I3 

I9I0 

I9I0 

I9II 

I9II 

I9I2 

I9I4 

I9I5 

I9I7 

I9I5 

I9I5 

I9I5 

I9I5 

I9I5 

I9I6 

I9I6 

I9I7 

I9I7 

I9I8 

I9I8 

I9I8 

I92I 

I9I9 

I9I9 

I9I9 

I9I9 

1919 

I9I9 

1920 

1922 

1920 

1920 

1920 

1920 

1920 

1921 

624  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Chioh-be,  1859,  see  China. 

Chittenango,  Madison  Co.,  N.Y.,  1828.  Taylor,  H.  28-30,  Yates,  A.  30-4, 
Campbell,  W.  H.  Sept.  i,  31 — July  2,  32,  Slingerland,  33-4,  Manton 
(S.S.)  1834-36,  Hoes,  36-7,  Abel,  38-55,  Hastings,  56-59,  Talmage,  J.  R. 
60-9,  Enders,  69-80,  Thatcher,  1880-87.  Became  Presbyterian,  1888.  See 
Daily  Hist.  Montgomery  Classis,  118. 

Chittoor,  1853,  see  India. 

Christ  Church,  1871,  see  Newark,  N.J. 

Christ,  1830,  see  Utica,  N.Y. 

Chukonot,  now  Florida,  N.Y. 

Church  of  Jesus,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Church  of  the  Comforter  (Wiltwick),  1863,  see  Kingston,  N.Y. 

Church  of  the  Comforter,  1894,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  the  Bronx. 

Church  of  the  Faithful,  1898,  see  Brown's  Station,  N.Y. 

Church-on-the-Heights,   1851,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of   Brooklyn. 

Churchville,  1710,  see  N.  and  S.  Hampton,  Pa. 

Churchville,  Holland,  Luctor,  Pipestone  Co.,  Minn.,  1897.  Mennings,  1897- 
1902,  DeGroot,  D.  1903-1905,  Grooters,  P.  1906-1908,  Vander  Beek,  John 
1909-1915,  Cook,  G.  E.  1915-1919. 

Cicero,  Onondaga  Co.,  N.Y.,  1835.  Evans,  Wm.  (S.S.)  1836-8,  Hyde,  O. 
(S.S.)  1839,  Seely,  A.  W.  1840-44,  Turner,  W.  E.  (S.S.)  1845,  Bald- 
win, T.  (S.S.)  1846-7,  Liddell,  J.  (S.S.)  1848-9,  Williamson,  N.  D.  B. 
1849-50,  DuBois,  J.  1850-54,  Robinson,  S.  N.  1854-56,  Gray,  J.  1856-7, 
Hebard.  F.  1857^  Humpersly,  G.  W.  1863-5,  Schell,  L.  (S.S.)  1866,  Law- 
rence, D.  W.  1874-76,  Edmondson,  J.  1879-81,  Babcock,  M.  (S.S.) 
1881-2,  Strail,  H.  A.  (S.S.)  1883-4,  students,  1884-90,  Smith,  E.  E. 
1890-91,  Ruhl,  1891-92,  Wilcox,  A.  J.  1892,  Emmons,  1897-8,  Harsh,  G. 
E.  1899-1900,  Smith,  H.  1901-2,  Erler,  J.  1903-04,  students  1907-11,  De- 
Hollander,  J.  A.  1913-15,  students,  1915-20,  Malefyt,  P.  1920 .     See 

Dailey,  Hist,  of  Montgomery  Classis,  21. 

Cincinnatus,  Cortland  Co.,  N.Y.,  1825.  See  Dailey,  Hist,  of  Montgomery 
Classis,  119. 

Clara  City,  Bethany,  (German),  Chippewa  Co.,  Minn.,  1899.  Chr.  End, 
Ch.  No.  17,  Aeilts,  1900-1903,  Veenker,  G.  1904-1909,  Bauer,  C.  1910 

Clara  City,  (Dutch)  Chippewa  Co.,  Minn.,  1897.  Krickaard,  C.  95-8, 
Aeilts,  (S.S.)   1900-1904.    Vacant. 

Claraville,  (Upper  Neversink),  Grahamville,  Sullivan  Co.,  N.Y.,  1849.  Ber- 
nart,  51-6,  Jones,  D.  A.  58-63,  Hammond,  J.  W.  63-7,  Turner,  W.  E. 
(S.S.)  67-72,  MiUiken,  R.  P.  76-83,  Lane,  G.  85-88,  Coombs,  Wm.  90-3. 
vacant  1893-1902,  Hauser,  G.  1902-1906,  vacant. 

Claremont,  S.  D.  1920. 

Clarkstown  (New  Hempstead),  West  Nyack,  Rockland  Co.,  N.Y.,  1749, 
Verbryck,  S.  1750-84,  Lansing,  N.  1784-1830,  Hunt,  30-2,  Warner,  A. 
H.  Z^-7y  Quick,  P.  J.  37-66,  Lippincott,  66-72,  Schenck,  F.  S.  72-7, 
Streng.  77-82.  Hageman,  C.  S.  (S.S.)  82-4,  Talmage,  D.  M.  84-8, 
Zwemer,  S.  M.  (S.S.)  88-90,  Hill,  Eng.  90-7,  Conover,  G.  M.  1897- 
1905.  Randolph,  E.  T.  F.  1906-1916,  Van  Orden,  J.  S.  (S.S.)  1916-1921, 
Hotaling,  H.  K.  1921 .    See  Ch.  Int.,  July  4,  1900. 

Clarksto-um,  Secession,  1825.  Lansing,  J.  V.  S.  26,  Brinkerhoff,  J.  G.  30-40, 
Van  Houten,  58-62. 

Clarksville,  New  Salem,  Onesquethaw,  Voorheesville,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y., 
1854.  Lansing,  A.  G.  58-62,  Slauson,  62-6,  Ballagh,  W.  H.  (S.S.)  68-9, 
Westveer,  69-71,  Pearse,  N.  73-7,  Lansing,  A.  G.  77-83,  Perlee,  84-6, 
Brown,  W.  S.  88-91,  Morton,  T.  E.  92-3,  Van  Burk,  93-4,  Green,  E.  W. 
94-6,  Van  Haegen,  97-9,  Van  Doren,  D.  K.  1900-1902,  Tyndall,  S.  G. 
1903-1908,  Westveer,  A.  1909-1911,  Phelps,  P.  T.  (S.S.)  1913-1914, 
Steketee,  J.  B.  1915-1918,  Boyce,  Donald,  (S.S.)   1919 

Claverack,  Columbia  Co.,  N.Y.,  1716.  Vandriessen,  J.  1727-8,  (Erickson 
supplied,    1731-2,  and  Van  Schie,   1732-43),   Van   Hovenberg,    1743-56, 


THE    CHURCHES  625 

Fryenmoet.  1756-70,  (supplied  by  Cock,  1770-6),  Gebhard,  1776-1826, 
Sluyter,  16-43,  Boice,  I.  C.  44-59,  Van  Gieson,  59-65,  Zabriskie,  F.  N. 
66-72,  Schenck,  J.  W.  72-81,  Leggett,  W.  J.  82-9,  Wyckoff,  J.  H.  89- 

92,  Burrill,  G.  H.  1892-1905,  Hageman,  H.  1905 .    See  Smith's  N.V., 

307,  Zabriskic's  Clavcrack  Centennial,  Gebhard,  The  Parsonage  be- 
tzveen  the  Tzvo  Manors. 

Claverack,  2nd,  1838,  see  Mellenville,  N.Y. 

Clav,  N.Y.,   1849.     See  Dailey,   Hist,  of   Montgomery  Classis,   134. 

Cleveland,  Oswego  Co.,  N.Y.,  1850.  Hall,  D.  B.  50-3,  Jones,  N.  W.  53-4. 
Presbyt.  1856. 

Cleveland,  Cuyahoga  Co.,  O.  (Ho!.),  1864.  Kasse,  64-8,  Warnshuis,  J. 
68-71,  De  Beer,  72-4,  Broek,  D.  75-6,  Wormser,  78-81,  Dykstra,  L. 
82-3,  Van  Houte,  Jac.  84-6,  Niemeyer,  G.  86-90,  Hogeboom,  90-9, 
Hoffman,  J.  1899-1908,  Van  Westenburg,  J.  1909-1911,  Bloemendal, 
R.  1912-1914,  Markley,  A.  F.  1914-1916,  Vanden  Bosch,  T.  G.  1917-19. 

Cleveland,  2nd,  1890,  after  1914  Calvary.  Westveer,  90-1,  Straks,  91-4,  Hos- 
pers,  G.  H.  1894-1905,  Karreman,  A.  1906-1910,  Van  Zomeren,  J.  191 1- 
1914,  Stegeman,  M.  A.  1914-1919,  Brinkman,  B.  F.  1919-21,  Droppers, 
O.  G.  1922 

Clifton,  Passaic  Co.,  N.J.,  1892.  Birdsall,  92-9,  Van  Haegen,  99-1900, 
Ellsworth,  1901-1905,  Brown,  J.  A.  1905-1907,  Becker,  J.  C.  A.  1908 

Clifton,  N.J.,  Holland,  1915.  Te  Grootenhuis,  J.  H.  E.  1915-1919,  Webinga, 
John,  1920- 

Clifton   Chapel,   1918,  see  New   Durham. 

Clifton  Park,  now  Amity. 

Clinton,  1866,  see  Annandale,  N.J. 

Clinton  Ave.,  see  Newark. 

Clinton,  Okl.,  1904.  Korteling,  George  1904-1909,  Winter,  J.  P.  1909-1911. 
Dismissed  to   Southern   Presbyterian   Church,   191 1. 

Clintonville,  1840,  see  Irvington,  N.J. 

Closter  City,  Bergen  Co.,,  N.J.,  1862.  Hammond,  E.  S.,  Miss,  to,  62-4, 
Blauvelt.  C.  J.  66-9,  Van  Buskirk,  69-87,  Ward,  H.  1887-1909,  P.  Em. 
1909-1915,  Hogan,  O.  J.  1909 

Clove,  (Decicertown),  Sussex  Co.,  N.J.,  1788.  Supplied  by  Romeyn,  T. 
(Sr.)  1760-71,  as  a  station.  Van  Bunschoten,  E.  1788-1812.  In  1818, 
Presbyterian.  The  Sussex  Independent  published,  in  Feb.,  1883,  the 
petition  for  the  organization  of  this  church  in   1787. 

Clove,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y.,  1769.  Supplied  by  Rysdyck  and  the  ministers 
of  Hopewell. 

Clove,  High  Falls,  Ulster  Co..  N.Y.,  1807.  Mandeville,  Gar.  (S.S.)  1789- 
1802,  Westervelt,  R.  1807-8,  Murphy,  14-25,  Morse,  B.  Y.  Miss,  to, 
28,  Westfall,  B.  B.  28-34.  Knight,  38.  Alliger.  40-3,  Lillie.  Jas.  44-5, 
Depuy.  46-53,  Evans,  53-6.  Jones,  N.  W.  (S.S.)  56,  Voorhees.  J.  N. 
57-66.  Van  Arsdale,  N.  H.  67-74,  Vroom.  74-87,  Hageman,  H.  1887- 
1905.  Vander  Meulen,  J.  1905-1908,  Noble,  H.  W.  1909-1913,  Schwitter, 
E.  O.  1914-1915,  Dangremond,  G.  C.  1916-1921. 

Clover  Hill,  Somerset  Co..  N.J..  1834.  Schanck.  G.  C.  35-7,  Demarest, 
W.  38-40,  (Presbyt.  1840-62),  Voorhees.  W.  B.  64-71,  Oliver,  71-84, 
Bogert,  N.  J.  M.  84-96,  Ackerman,  E.  G.  97-9,  Bruce,  P.  1900-1904. 
Buckle,  George  1904-1907,  Pitcher,  C.  W.  1908-1912,  again  1913-1918, 
Bcckman.  T.  A.  1919 

Clover  Road  Chapel,   1916.     See  Clove  Valley  Chapel,  Staten  Island. 

Clove  Valley  Chapel,  S.I.,  191 5,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Richmond. 

Clyde,  N.Y.,  see  Tyre,  N.Y. 

Clymer,  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.Y.,  1869,  (called  the  Abbe  Church,  in  honor  of 
Mrs.  L.  M.  Abbe,  of  Albany,  who  gave  $1800  to  the  church).  West- 
veer,  70-2.  Jongeneel,  73-5,  Tc  Winkle,  Mar. -Oct.  76,  Warnshuis.  J. 
W.  76-8.  De  Bey,  D.  J.  82-7,  Hoffman,  J.  87-93,  Hospers,  H.  93-7,  Osse- 
waarde,  M.  1897-1905,  Flikkema,  G.  1905-1912.  Klerk,  A.  1913-1917. 
Bennink,  J.  E.  1917-22.     See  Cutting,  N.Y. 


626  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Clymer  Hill,  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.Y.,  1853.  (Organized  as  a  Congrega- 
tional church,  1847.  Hesselink,  Adolph  1847-50,  Dunnewold,  1851-3, 
when  pastor  and  people  joined  Refd.  Ch.),  Dunnewold,  53-68,  Rens- 
kers,  68-80,  Van  Doren,  M.  81-9,  Bahler,  P.  G.  M.  1889-1903,  Straks, 
J.  H.  1904-1909,  Stegenga,  A.  S.  1909-1911,  Walterink,  J.  1912-1914, 
DeYoung,  B.  1915-1918,  Kroodsma,  R.  1919-22. 

Cobleskill,  Schoharie  Co.,  N.Y.,  1825.  Evans,  W.  Miss,  to,  2"],  Raymond, 
H.  A.  1829-33,  Myers,  A.  H.  1833,  Quaw,  1834-36,  Bassler,  B.  1838, 
Waring,  H.  E.  1839-40,  Lockhead,  Wm.  1841-5,  Spaulding,  C.  1846-9, 
Hall,  D.  B.  1854-5.  None  of  these  was  installed  pastors.  Church  ceased 
to  exist. 

Cobleskill.  New  organization,  1886.  Fagg,  1885-7,  Blekkink,  E.  J.  1888-94, 
Maar,  1894-5,  Rockefeller,  D.  W.  G.  1895-6,  Smith,  H.  1898-1901, 
Dangremond,  A.  C.  V.  1902-03,  Van  Dyck,  A.  S.  1903-06,  Simpson,  Wm. 
E.  1910-15,  Amerman,  J.  L.  1915-1920.     See  Howe's  Cave. 

Cockburn,  1838,  see  Plattekill,  N.Y. 

Coenradstown   (German  Flatts,  N.Y.),  1798.     Pick,    (S.S.)    1798 .     See 

Dailey  Hist,  of  Montgomery  Classis,  119. 

Coeymans,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  1793.  Sickles,  1796-1800,  Overbagh,  1805-6, 
Westervelt,  R.  1808-16,  Kissam,  18-29,  Van  Santvoord,  S.  29-30,  Fort, 
30-1,  Amerman,  T.  A.  31-2,  Edwards,  34,  Murphv,  42-3.  Kissam,  43-5, 
Cornell,  J.  A.  H.  45-8,  Peltz,  48-51,  Daves,  52-5,  Gardiner,  H.  B. 
56-60,  Collier,  I.  60-6,  Bahler,  L.  H.  67-9,  Mead,  E.  70-2,  Cornell,  J. 
A.  H.  73-9,  Craig,  80-90,  Burrowes,  1891-1908,  Beaver,  J.  P.  1909-1916, 
Jones,  H.  T.  I9r7 

Coeymans  Square.  This  was  the  original  site  of  the  Church  of  Coeymans. 
Church  was  removed  to  Coeymans,  1840. 

Cohoes,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  1837.  Lockhead,  38-9,  Van  Buren,  J.  40-1, 
Meyer,  41-6,  Gray,  J.,  47-8,  Waldron,  49-79,  Strong,  J.  P.  78-90,  Walser, 
1891-1921,  Phelps,  P.  T.  (S.S.)   1921 

Cohoes,  see  Boght  and  Rensselaer,  N.Y. 

Cold  Spring,  Putnam,  Co.,  N.Y.,  1855.  Harris,  56-7,  Laremore,  (S.S.) 
60,  Romondt,  (S.S.)  62,  Phraner,  63-6,  Sherwood,  (S.S.)  67—..,  Van- 
deventer,  J.  C.  73-5,  Shaw,  W.  A.  (S.S.)  78-9,  supplied  by  students 
79-82,  Gowen,  83-5,  Wilson,  F.  F.  86-7,  Runk,  88-94,  Shook,  95-6, 
Allen,  H.  B.  97,  Vanderburg,  98,  Mclntyre,  99-1901.     Dropped  1915. 

College  Point,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Queens. 

Collegiate  Church,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan,  see  also  Harlem, 
N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Colony,  Columbia  Memorial,  Oklahoma,  1898.  Roe,  W.  C.  1900-1913,  Bax- 
ter, J.  H.  1913,  Vruwink,  H.  A.  1913-1917,  Read,  J.  L.  1917 .  As- 
sistants, Brokaw,  A.  P.  1905,  Legters,  L.  L.  1906-1907,  Harper,  R.  H. 
1908-1909,  Wauchope,  W.  C.  1910,  Baxter,  J.  H.  1911 

Colony,  see  Apache,  Vermilye  Memorial. 

Colt's  Neck,  Monmouth  Co.,  N.Y.,  1856.  Wyckoff,  J.  S.  56-64,  Bolton, 
65-78,  Hendrickson,  78-82,  Labaw,  83-9,  Cunningham,  90-1901,  Van 
Beverhoudt,  1901-1918,  Doyle,  D.  P.  1919 

Columbia,  Richfield  Springs,  Herkimer  Co.,  N.Y.,  1798.  Supplied  by  neigh- 
boring ministers,  1798-1811,  Bartlett,  J.  (S.S.)  1811-1814,  DeVoe, 
D.  (S.S.)  1815-1819,  Rawls,  1819-1823,  Ketchum,  (S.S.)  1823-26, 
Hangen,  1826-32,  DeVoe,  D.  (S.S.)  1834-39,  Lewis,  W.  (S.S.)  1839, 
Ackerson,  1839-41,  Starks,  1843,  Hall,  D.  B.  (S.S.)  1844-8,  Murphy, 
1851-2,  James,  1852-5,  Murphy,  1857,  Hammond,  E.  S.  1857-8,  Aurand, 
1860-63,  Parsons,  A.  (S.S.)  1864,  Bronson,  1865-7,  Compton,  J.  M. 
1871-5,  Hammond,  J.  W.  (S.S.)  1875-6,  Stanbrough,  1876-81,  Wessels, 
1883-4,  Beekman,  T.  A.  1885-7,  Compton,  J.  M.  1888-91,  Shelland, 
1894-7,  Reynolds,  G.  (S.S.)  1897,  Lehman,  1899-1902,  student  supplies. 
See  Dailey's  Hist,  of  Montgomery  Classis,  23. 

Columbian  Memorial,  see  Colony,  Okl. 


THE    CHURCHES  627 

Colunibiaville  (Station),  Garretson,  J.,  Miss,  to,  1826-7. 
Comanche,  Lawton,  Okl.,  1907.     Legters,  L.  L.  1907-1910,  Sluyter,  Henry, 
1910-1913.     See  Vermilve  Memorial,  Lawton,  Okl.  and  Apache  Indian, 
(Fort  Sill). 
Comforter,  Church  of.  1894,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Bronx. 
Community,  see  Corinth,  Mich. 
Community  Church,  see  Douglaston,  L.I. 
Conesville.  Schoharie  Co.,  N.Y.,  1836.     Bogardus,  C.  1838-43,  Kerr,  G.  1844- 

46,  Van  Dyke,  L.  H.  1847.    Dropped  1853.     See  Dyse's  Manor,  Gilboa. 
Conewago.     Erroneously  for  Caughnawaga.     M.G.S.  i.  45,  114.  etc. 
Conger,  see  North  Blendon,  Mich. 

Conowago,  at  first  in  York,  now  in  Adams  Co.,   Pa.,   1768.     See  Hanover 
and  Susquehanna,  Pa.     This  church  stood  about  one  mile  east  of  Hun- 
tertown,   the   latter   being  about   5   miles   N.   E.   of    Gettysburgh.      The 
church   building   was    subsequently    removed    about   one    mile    south    of 
Huntertovvn,  on  a  spot  now  known  as  Black's  Grave  Yard.     The  church 
belonged  to  the  Classis  of  New  Brunswick. 
Its    Baptismal    Book   shows   that    it    was    supplied,   occasionally,   by    Rev. 
J.   M.   Van   Havlingen,    1769,    1772,   by   Rev.   J.   R.    Hardenberg,    1770,   and 
by  Rev.  John  Leydt,   1771.     It  is  probable  that  some  of   the  German   Re- 
formed ministers  also,  especially   Boehme,  C.  L.  and   Gobrecht,  who  were 
pastors   at    Hanover,    served   this    church   occasionally.      Pastors:     Cozine, 
Cor.  1772-88,  Brinkerhoff,  G.  G.,  Nov.,  1789-Nov.,  1793;    Gray,  A.,  Miss,  to, 
1793;    Cornelison,  Miss,  to,  1794;    [Black,  John,  (Presbyt.),  S.S.,  1794-1800, 
merged  in  Presbyt.  Ch.,  Hunterstown,  Pa.]. 

About  1765  Dutch  colonists  from  New  Jersey  began  to  pour  into  York 
and  Adams  Counties,  in  the  southern  borders  of  Pennsylvania  and  west 
of  the  Susquehanna.  These  soon  organized  the  Conowago  and  Hanover 
congregations  in  these  respective  counties.  The  church  of  Conowago  was 
located  about  three  miles  south  of  Gettysburg,  and  near  the  famous  bat- 
tleground of  1863.  It  consfsted  of  about  150  families  and  7C0  souls.  From 
its  baptismal  records,  yet  preserved,  extending  from  1768-1793,  it  appears 
that  the  Cossats  and  Montforts  of  Millstone  [or  Harlingen]  N.  J.,  and  the 
Bantas  and  Westervelts  of  Bergen  Co.,  N.  J.,  were  among  the  earliest  set- 
tlers. Other  Dutch  names,  such  as  Bruner,  Covert,  Van  Nuys,  Schomp, 
Demarest,  Bremer,  DeMott,  Bergen,  Smock,  Van  Ar.sdale  and  others  occur 
in  these  records.  The  first  Conowago  deed  for  land,  is  to  a  Van  Arsdale, 
and  is  dated  1768.  The  Demarests  came  from  Bergen  Co.  in  1771.  But 
about  1 78 1  emigration  began  from  this  field  to  Kentucky  and  in  1793  to  the 
Genesee  country,  N.  Y.,  and  continued  until  these  Dutch  settlements  and 
churches  were  entirely  broken  up.  In  1793,  during  Brinckerhoff's  ministry 
almost  the  whole  congregation  moved  away  to  these  two  new  fields.  Those 
going  to  Central  New  York  were  the  Brinckerhofifs,  Jansens,  [or  Johnsons], 
Bodines,  Van  Tines,  Daters,  Parcelles,  Lystcrs.     See  Owasco  Outlet. 

By  1800  Conowago  was  so  depleted  as  to  furnish  but  a  very  small  con- 
gregation for  Sunday  services.  In  1817  only  five  Dutch  families  remained. 
Permission  was  then  obtained  to  sell  the  old  church  building,  and  with  the 
proceeds  build  a  wall  around  the  burial  ground.  The  sum  realized  was 
$288.20. 

There  had  been  Presbyterian  churches  in  this  vicinity  from  17|0,  under 
the  names  of  Upper  and  Lower  Marsh  Creek,  and  later,  under  the  name 
of  Gettysburg.  (See  Hist.  Discourse  on  the  Gettysburg  Presbyt.  Ch.,  by 
Rev.  J.  K.  Demarest,  1876).  Rev.  John  Black,  pastor  of  this  church, 
1775-94,  was  compelled  to  leave  because  of  his  sentiments  on  temperance, 
which  would  be  considered  mild  at  the  present  day.  From  1794-1800,  he 
supplied  the  remnant  left  in  the  Dutch  church.     He  died  in  1802. 

The  church  of  Conowago,  as  said,  belonged  to  the  Classis  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, but  the  first  Volume  of  Minutes  of  this  Classis,  1771-1811,  was 
destroyed  by  fire,  it  is  said,  about  1840.  But  see  Scomp's  Hist.  Discourse  on 
"The  Old  Mud  Meeting  House,  Ky.,"  1900,  for  much  of  this  material 


628  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Besides  Demarest's  Hist,  above  alluded  to,  Deinarest  subsequently  ob- 
tained much  additional  material  about  this  Conowago  Dutch  Church,  which 
he  published  in  the  "The  Star  and  Sentinel,"  of  Gettysburg  in  1884.  See 
also  "The  Family  of  Joris  Dircksen  Brinckerhoff,"  1887,  for  an  interesting 
chapter  on  this  Conowago  colony.  Also  Ch.  Int.,  Jan.  28,  i860. 
Conrad,  Mont.,  1908,  see  Montana,  First. 

Constantine,  St.  Joseph  Co.,  Mich.,  1843,  Bennet,  43-5,  McNeish,  46-9, 
Jones,  D.  A.  50-2,  McNeish,  52-4,  Bailey,  56-63,  Beardslee,  1863-84, 
Smitz,  B.  84-8,  Gamble,  S.  D.  (S.S.)  90-1,  Baker,  F.  P.  91-3,  DeSpeld- 
er,  94-5,  Gulick,  J.  I.  95-8,  Kelder,  1899-1904,  Miedema,  Wm.  1905-1907, 
Vander  Mel,  C.  1908-1910.  Disappears  about  1914. 
Coonnoor,  1858,  see  India. 

Coopersville,  (formerly  Polkton  and  Eastmanville) ,  Ottawa  Co.,  Mich., 
1857.  Vandermeulen,  J.  C.  63-4,  Huyssoon,  65-9,  Buursma,  69-73,  Kie- 
kentveldt,  7^,-6,  Brock,  D.  77-80,  Borgers,  H.  81-3,  Karsten,  86-9,  Boer, 
H.  K.  90-2,  Bruins,  W.  H.  93-9,  Vander  Ploeg,  H.  1900-1904,  Van' 
Peursem,  John  1905-1908,  Te  Grootenhuis,  J.  H.  (S.S.)  1909.  DeYoung, 

A.  1910-1918,  Hoflf,  H.  1919 

Copperas,  now  Brunswick. 

Cordell,  Oklahoma,  1902.  Vander  Meulen,  J.  M.  1903,  Vandeburg,  S.  1903- 
1904,  Spaan,  C.  H.  1904-1911.  Dismissed  to  the  Southern  Presbyterian 
Church,  191 1. 

Corinth,  Mich.,    1920.      (Community).     CI.   Miss.   1920. 

Corsica,  S.D.,  1908.    (Grace).     Duven,  M.  J.   (S.S.)    1908-1910,  Lammers, 

B.  W.  1910-1914,  Van  de  Werp,  J.   (S.S.)    1915-1916,  Pettersen,  H.  M. 
1916-1920,  Van  Egmond,  H.  1920 

Cortland,  N.Y.,  1908.  DeGraff,  G.  D.  L.  1909-1910,  Winne,  J.  E.  (S.S.) 
1911.     Disappears   1917.     See  Dailey  Hist.   Montgomery  CI.,   26. 

Coshington,  Delaware  Co.,  N.Y.,  1794.  See  Middletown  and  Paghkaghtan. 
Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,  i.  448. 

Courtlandtown,  Montrose,  Westchester  Co.,  N.Y.,  1729.  Ritzema  sup- 
plied 1744-76,  church  burned;  Van  Voorhees,  S.  1785-8,  organized 
anew,  1793;  Manley,  W.  1800-6;  Hoffman,  A.  1810-30.  Kirkwood. 
33-6,  Westbrook,  36-50,  Lockwood,  50-2,  Steele,  J.  B.  53-7,  St.  John. 
(S.S.)  58-65,,  Anderson,  W.  H.  65-6,  Van  Wyck,  P.  67-8,  Garretson, 
J.  69-72,  Thompson,  J.  B.  73-4,  Harper,  75-91,  Bogardus,  F.  M.  90-5, 
Smith,  H.  96-8,  Force,  F.  A.  1899-1903,  Olandt,  C.  1905-1920,  Dangre- 
mond,  G.  C.  1921 

Covenant,  Church  of,  see  Paterson.  N.J. 

Covenant  Reformed,  see  Muskegon  Heights. 

Coytesville,  see  Palisades,  N.J. 

Coxsackie,  West  Coxsackie,  Green  Co.,  N.Y..  1732.  Weiss,  1732-5.  Schune- 
man,  1753-94,  Sickles,  1797-1801,  Ostrander,  H.  1801-10,  Livingston, 
G.  R.  11-26,  Searle,  J.  (Sr.)  26-51,  Peltz,  51-7,  Dutcher,  57-8,  Hastings, 
60-70,  Hansen.  71-81,  Staats,  B.  B.  82-9,  Hageman,  P.  K.  90-4,  Winant, 
94-7,  Hill,  E.  97-1901,  Shepherd,  T.  M.  1902-1904,  Sluyter,  H.  1904-1910, 
Dumont,  W.  A.  1911-20,  Nies,  M.  G.  1921 .    See  Hill's  Hist,  of,  1901. 

Coxsackie,  2d,  1833.  Cahoone,  33-46,  Van  Cleef,  P.  D.  46-9,  Woodbridge. 
50-2,  Steele,  J.  53-8,  Zabriskie,  F.  N.  59-64,  McKelvey,  A.  65-6,  Collier, 
E.  W.  66-7,  Munn,  68-77,  Lansing,  J.  A.  (S.S.)  77,  Salisbury,  J.  H. 
78-87,  Barnum,  88-1899,  Clifton,  1900-1917.  Stube,  C.  F.  1917-1919, 
Shield,  F.  K.  (Jr.)   1919 

Cranesville,  N.Y..  1871.  Supplied  throughout  its  history  by  neighboring 
pastors  and  the  classical  missionary.  Among  these  the  Reformed  min- 
isters have  been:  Revs.  Kyle,  88-89,  Minor,  1879-80.  Blekkink,  90-94, 
Rogers,  Dailey.  Weidner,  1903-05.  Wurts,  Nickerson,  Wilson,  P.  Q., 
Conant.     Dailey  Hist,  of  Montgomery  Classis,  28. 

Cranesville,  N.Y.,  see  Glenville,  ist. 

Crawford.  Col.,  see  Fruitland,  Col. 


THE    CHURCHES  629 

Crescent  Place,  see  Yonkers,  N.Y. 

Cromwell  Center  (Everly,  Fostoria),  Clay  Co.,  la.,  1894.  Missy,  1895-6, 
Classical  missionary,  1896 — ,  Huenemann,  H.  1903-1910,  Schoon,  J.  H. 
1911-1914,  DeVrics,  J.  M.  1916-1919,  Schaefer,  J.  1920 

Crookston,  Neb.,  1913. 

Cuddebackville,  (Pecnpack).  Orange  Co.,  N.Y.,  1854.  Morris,  H.  55-62, 
Winter,  63-6,  Zabriskie,  Jer.  L.  66-70,  Bogardus,  W.  E.  70-4,  DuBois, 
J.  74-80,  Hageman,  H.  82-7,  Lane  G.  88-92,  Corwin,  C.  E.  95-7,  Hieber, 
97-9,  Whitney,  W.  W.  1904-1910,  occasional  supplies. 

Currytown  (Root),  Montgomery  Co.,  N.Y.,  1790.  Hasbrouck,  J.  R.  M. 
1815-29,  Van  Olinda,  (S.S.)  1829-30,  Gray,  J.  1830-31,  Hangen,  1832-7, 
Hecrmance,  H.  1837-40,  Frazer,  1840-43,  Middlemas,  J.  (S.S.)  1844-47, 
Carle,  1848-51,  Buckelew,  1851-5,  Quick,  J.  J.  1855-62,  Whitbeck,  R.  M. 
(S.S.)  1863-4,  Compton,  (S.S.)  1864-8,  Van  Doren,  D.  K.  1869-73, 
Ackerman,  1874-9,  Compton,  J.  M.  1879-82,  Minor,  J.  1882-5,  Wyckoff, 
G.  1886-7,  Sangree,  1888-93,  Beekman,  D.  S.  1893-1901,  Florence,  E.  W. 
1902-04.  Campbell,  J.  B.  1905-07,  Bedford,  C.  V.  W.  (S.S.)  1909-1.2, 
Eliason,  H.  A.  (S.S.)  1912-14,  Pastor,  1914-17,  Scheengas,  C.  H.  1919- 
21.    See  Dailey  Hist.  Montgomery  CI.,  29.    Ch.  Int.,  Feb.  9,  1854. 

Cutting,  N.Y.  (Clymer),  1911.     Classical  Missionary  1911.     Disbanded  1919. 

Dakota,  ist,  1880.  see  Harrison,  S.D. 

Dallas,  Texas,  see  Fort  Sill,  Okla. 

Dalton,  111.,  see  Dolton,  111. 

Danforth.  Iroquois  Co.,  111.,  1869.  Duiker,  72-4,  Meulendyke,  79-82,  Krie- 
kaard,  C.  84-8,  Vennema,  (S.S.)  89-92,  Siegers,  93-7,  Heines,  98-1900, 
Oosterhof,  A.  1900-1904.  Koster,  M.  E.  1905-1911,  Dejong,  P.  C.  1912- 
1918,  Dykstra,  L.  1918 

Danube,  same  as  Indian  Castle,  see  also  Fort  Plain. 

Danube,  Scccdcr.  Herkimer  Co.,  N.Y.,   1823.     Goetschius,   S.  Z.   1823-4. 

Danville,  Allegheny  Co.,  5SI.Y.,  1797.     Gray,  A.  1797-1819. 

Dashville  Falls,  Rifton  Glen,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1831.  Quaw,  31-4,  Markle, 
62-4.  Liebeneau.  67-8,  Deyo.  70-3,  Todd,  W.  N.  74-81,  Milliken,  P.  E. 
84-6,  vacant.  86-91.  Jones,  H.  T.  91-3,  Whitney,  W.  W.  (S.S.)  1901, 
Shield,  F.  K.  1902-1904,  (3rull,  J.  P.  1905-1907,  vacant,  1907 

Davenport,  Scott  Co.,  Iowa,  1859.  Drury,  Miss,  to,  1861-2,  Vanderveer, 
C.  G.  1860-6,  Vroom,  W.  H.  1867-9,  Peeke,  G.  H.  1869-72,  Decker, 
1872-6. 

Davis,  1894.  see  Bethel.  S.D. 

Davis.  Turner  Co..  S.D.,  1892.  Schoon.  90-3,  Teichrieb,  94-6,  Koerlin, 
1897-1903.    See  Bethel,  Davis.  S.D.    See  Delaware,  S.D. 

Day,  Saratoga  Co..  N.Y..  1842.  Lansing.  J.  A.  (S.S.)  45-8,  Voorhees,  J. 
N.    (S.S.)   48-9,  James,  50-2,  Case,  1855-7.     Same  as  Sacondaga. 

Decatur,  Mich.,  1909.  Van  Arendonk,  A.  (S.S.)  1910,  Meeter,  John,  1912- 
1914.  Oosterhof.  A.  1914-1918.  Burggraff.  J.  J.  1920 

Deckertown.  1788.  see  Clove,  N.J. 

Deerpark,   1737,  see  Port  Jervis,  N.Y. 

DeFreestville.  see  Blooming  Grove,  N.Y. 

Delaware.  Davis  (Lennox.  3d).  Turner  Co..  S.D..  1889.  Schoon.  90-3, 
Teichrieb.  94-6.  Koerlin,  1897-1903.  Bohler.  J.  1904-1908,  Kramer,  G. 
1913-1914.  Waalkes.  A.  H.  1916-1919,  Cramer,  H.  1920 

Delaware  River  Missions,   1790.     Kuypers,  W.  P.  1792-3,  Ames.   1814. 

Dell  Rapids.  S.D..  see  Logan. 

Delmar,  N.Y.,  1848.  Ch.  Building  erected  1841,  as  "East"  Branch  of  Union 
Ch.  ■  Served  by  Simon  V.  E.  Westfall,  1841-47.  (Before  1913,  Bethle- 
hem 2nd).     Lansing,  J.  A.   1848-60,  Pearse,  1860-98,  Clowe,  1899-1901, 

Allen.  H.  B.  1901-1910,  Van  Ess,  J.   1911-21.  Seibert,  G.  G.   1921 . 

See  Bethlehem,  N.Y.,  2nd,  Union. 

De  Motte,  Jasper  Co..  Ind.,  1893.     After  1908  Thayer,  Ind.     Vanden  Bosch, 


630  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IX    AMERICA 

T.  M.  1899-1904,  Deelsnyder,  C.  W.  1905-1907,  Koster,  S.  E.  1908-1911, 
Swart,  P.  1912-1917,  Oosterhof,  A.  1918 

DeMotte,  Ind.,  American,  1920.     Swart,  P.  1921 

Demster,  S.D.,  1902.  Supplied.  Denekas,  W.  1909-1919,  Rosenbohtn,  M. 
1919-21.     See  Castlewood. 

Denver,  Col.,  1921. 

De  Spelder,  1881,  see  Britton,  Mich. 

Detroit,  Mich.,  1875.  Boer,  Miss,  at,  74-6,  Kiekentveldt,  76-8,  vacant, 
78-82,  Niemeyer,  G.  82-4,  Dangremond,  G.  84-5,  vacant,  85-8,  Broek, 
D.  88-92,  Kremer,  1892-1902,  Riepma,  S.  F.  1903-1905,  Te  Grootenhuis, 
J.  H.  E.  1905-1910,  Frieling,  Harke,  1911-1915,  Bovenkerk,  J.  1916-1919, 
Brouwer,  J.  G.  1919-1920,  Veldman.  H.  J.  1921 

Detroit,  Hope  Mission,  1920.     Organized  as  Detroit  2d,  1922. 

Oilman  Station,  1850,  see  Bethlehem,  Wis. 

Dingman's  Ferry,  Pike  Co.,  Pa.,  see  Walpack,  Upper. 

Dispatch,  see  Rotterdam,  Kan. 

Dolton,  Cook  Co.,  111.,  1904,  Tanis,  H.  1905-1908,  Te  Paske,  J.  W.  1909- 
1912. 

Doon,  la.,  1908.     Dekker,  F.  G.  1910-1912,  Schilstra,  E.  S.  1913 

Dorlach,  Schoharie  Co.,  N.Y.,  1788  (?)     See  Sharon. 

Douglas  Co.,  Dakota  Territory,  1880,  see  Harrison. 

Douglaston,  L.I.,  N.Y.,  1919.  Community  Church.  Davis,  L.  G.  (S.S.) 
1919-21,  Flipse,  M.  E.  1921 

Dover,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y.,  1769.  Supplied  by  Rysdyck  and  the  ministers 
of  Hopewell.  Van  Voorhees,  supplied,  1774.  On  Nov.  21,  1774,  the 
Consistory  of   N.Y.C.  sent  them  a  present  of  a  lot  of  hymn  books. 

Dover,  Wimbeldon,  N.D.,  1919. 

Drenthe,  (Vriesland),  Ottawa  Co.,  Mich.,  1850.  Smit,  51-3,  Pieters.  61-5, 
Huyssoon,  65-6,  Moerdyk,  W.  69-72,  Vanderveen,  75-9. 

This  church  was  united  with  Vriesland,  1847-8.  Separated  1849; 
included  in  the  general  work  of  R.C.A.,  1850.  Smit,  pastor,  1851-3, 
when  he  seceded  with  a  part  of  the  congregation.  Informally  withdrew, 
1882.    Reported  occasionally  until  1909. 

Duanesburgh,  Schenectady  Co.,  N.Y.,  1798-1804,  supplied  by  neighboring 
ministers.    Became  Presbyterian. 

Duanesburgh,  Schenectady  Co.,  N.Y.,  1824.  See  Dailey  Hist,  of  Mont- 
gomery Classis,  119. 

Duanesburgh,  see  Princetown,  N.Y. 

Dulce,  see  Roe,  W.  C.  Memorial. 

DuMond,  see  Zoar,  la. 

DuMont,  la.,   1913.     Classical  Missionary.     Brandan,  J.  H.   1918. 

guMont,  see  Fairview,  la. 
uMont,  see  Schraalenberg,  N.J. 
Dunkirk,   Chautauqua  Co.,  N.Y.,   1867.     Vacant,  67-76,   Boer,  H.  K.   76-9, 

Van  Doom,  M.  80-1,  vacant,  81-8,  name  dropped. 
Dunningsville,   Hamilton,   Mich.,   1913.     Student  supplies   and   Classical  ap- 
pointments.    Dunnewold,  A.  J.  1921 

Durham.  Oak  Hill,  Green  Co.,  N.Y.,  1787.     Van  Vlierden,  1792-4,  Labagh, 
P.   1798-1809,  Schermerhorn,  C.  D.  1809-18,  supplied  by  Fort,  A.,  Van 
Zandt,    P..    Bassett,    Paige,    1818-24,    Ostrander,    S.    24-31,    Stryker,    P. 
3  months  in  1832.     See  Reeves'  Hist,  of  Green  Co..  N.Y.,  278. 
Dyse's  Manor,   (Broome)    1801.     Labagh.  P.  1801-03,  Schermerhorn,  C.  D. 
1803-18,  Paige,  W.  1818-20. 
In   1836  the  congregation  was  divided,  about  one  third  forming  the  con- 
gregation of  Conesville  and  retaining  the  old  building  and  about  two-thirds 
forming  the  congregation  of  Gilboa.     See  Conesville,  Gilboa. 

East  Belfast,  Maine,  Trinity,  1907.    Vaughn,  Wm.  1907 

East  Camp,  1710.     (See  Camp  and  West  Camp).     Known  also  as  Kings- 


THE    CHURCHES  63I 

bury,  Kingsberry.  and  sometimes  erroneously  written  Kingsberg.  No 
church  was  formally  established  at  East  Camp,  probably,  before  1727. 
Haeger  tried  to  get  a  church  for  Episcopal  services  in  1715,  but  with- 
out success.  (See  Haeger,  J.  P.).  The  Lutherans  probably  crossed 
over  to  West  Camp  to  worship.  Pastors:  Haeger,  J.  F.  1710-21,  Falck- 
ner,  Justus,  1720-3,  Falckner,  Daniel,  1724 — .  Berckenmeyer,  W.  C. 
1721-9,  Oehl,  1722-4.  See  Linlithgo  and  Germantown.  Doc.  Hist.  N.Y., 
iii.  382-392,  598. 

East  Chatham,  see  Concord,  N.Y. 

East  Greenbush,  see  Greenbush,  N.Y. 

East  Indies,  see  India. 

East  Little  Rock,  see  Salem,  la. 

Eastmanville,   Mich.     See   Polkton. 

East  Millstone,  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,  1855.  Vander  Wall,  56-8,  Cole,  D. 
58-63,  Berger,  63-6,  Phraner.  66-70,  McWilliam,  70-90,  Strong,  J.  P. 
Oct. -Dec,  90,  Peeke,  A.  P.  91-1900,  Lockwood,  H.  1901 — .  See  Cole's 
Decennial  Sermon ;    Peek's  Ser.  at  40th  Anniversary  of  ch. 

East  New  Paltz,  see  Esopus. 

East  New  York,  1840,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Easton.  North  Easton,  Greenwich,  Washington  Co.,  N.Y.,  1803.  Duryee, 
P.  H.  1802-17,  Fonda.  J.  D.  20-30,  Kendall,  John  B.  (S.S.)  1832, 
Pitcher,  J.  H.  33-5.  Bronson,  A.  38-40,  Newton,  (S.S.)  43,  Jones,  D.  A. 
44-7.  Morris,  50-5,  Cochran,  63-9,  Meyers,  A.  H.  72-5,  supplied  by  neigh- 
boring pastors  and  students,  75-94,  Shaul,  95-8,  Allen,  H.  B.,  June-Oct., 
98,  Miller,  S.  D.  99-1901,  Black,  1901-1904,  Erler,  John,  1905-07,  stu- 
dent supplies,  1907-14. 

Easton.  Northampton  Co..  Pa.,  1851.  Knox,  J.  H.  M.  51-3,  Edgar,  53-82, 
Blauvelt,  G.  M.  S.  82-90,  Lee,  90-3.     Became  Presbyterian. 

East  Orange,  1875,  see  Orange,  N.J. 

East  Orange,  see  Hyde  Park. 

East  Orange,  1877,  see  Alton,  la. 

East  Oversiel.  Bentheim,  Oakland,  Hamilton,  Allegan  Co.,  Mich.,  1872. 
\'acant,  72-96,  Wolvius,  96-8,  Poppen,  1898-1902,  Klooster,  F.  1902-1906, 
Tellman.  H.  E.  1906-1911,  Vander  Ploeg,  H.  1911-1914,  Poppen,  J. 
1915-1917,  Schroeder,  P.  E.  A.  1918-21. 

East  Palatine,  N.Y.,  1890.  Thomson,  J.  A.  91-4.  Given  up.  See  Dailey 
Hist.  Montgomery  Classis,  125. 

East  Paris,  Mich.,  see  Grand  Rapids,  1914. 

East  Saugatuck,  1869,  see  Fynaart,  Mich. 

East  Williamsburg,  1855,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

East  Williamson,  Wayne  Co.,  N.Y.,  1870.  [This  ch.  was  org.  as  a  Presbyt. 
ch..  by  the  Presbytery  of  Steuben,  N.Y.,  Jan.  19.  1847.  Pastors,  John 
DeYisser,  an  elder  ord.  and  installed  Ap.  28,  47-8.  d.  Veenhuizen,  Nov., 
53-4,  Nov.,  supply ;  pastor.  54-62,  when  pastor  and  people  united  with 
Ref.  Ch.  of  Pultneyville.  This  union  and  pastorship  continued  till 
Ap.,  1870,  when  East-Williamson  separated  as  a  Ref.  Ch.].  Veen- 
huizen, 70-81,  TeWinkle,  81-7,  Hospers,  87-92,  Ossewaarde,  M.  93-7, 
Dangremond.  G.  C.  1898-1903.  Tysse,  G.  1903-1911,  Ossewaarde,  John 
1911-1918,  Koster,  M.  E.  1918 

Ebenezer,   1867,   see  Holland,   Mich. 

Ebenezer,  (Paines  Point  and  White  Rock),  Oregon,  Ogle  Co.,  111.,  1869. 
Vacant.  69-74.  Watermucider,  L.  74-86.  Elliker,  87-96.  Diekhoflf,  1897 

Ebenezer.  Leighton.  Mahaska  Co..  la..  1889.  Gessman,  91-4,  Van  der 
Kam,  94-6,  Tysse,  1896-1903,  Dykema,  K.  J.  1904-1908,  Duiker,  W.  J. 
1908-1911.  Ro.sendal,  A.  1912-1917,  Ossewaarde,  John  1918-22. 

Ebenezer,  Scotland.  Bonhomme  Co..  S.D..  1894.  Supplied  by  Classis 
1894-1902.     See  Scotland.  S.D. 

Ebenezer.    Morrison.   Whiteside   Co..   111..    1896.     Vacant,   96-8.   Te   Groot- 


632  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

enhuis,   J.    1898-1903,   Bouma,    P.    A.   J.    1903-1908,   Broekstra,    M.    E. 

1908-1911,  Koster,  S.  E.  1911-1916,  Vis,  J.  A.  1917 

Ebenezer,  Milford,  la.     Rec'd  from  Presbytery  of  Sioux  City,  April,  1906. 

Dropped  1910. 
Eddyville,  la.,   1910.     Hansen,  F.  B.  1910-1913,  Huibregtse,  Edward  1914- 

1917. 
Eden,  Fondu  lac  Co.,  Wis.,  1859.     Kershaw,  1865-7. 
Edgerton,    Minn.,    1907.     Classical    Missionary    1908-11,    Scholten,   D.    1911- 

1914,  De  Jongh,  J.  1914 

Edgewood,  N.Y.,  1890,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Elim,    White    Rock    Centre,    Kings,    Ogle    Co.,    111.,    1892.      Haken,    93-6, 

Schaefer,  J.  1897-1904,  Mundhenke,  W.  R.  1904-1914,  Kroesche,  F.  H. 

1915 

Ellenville,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,   1840.     Ayres,  41-54,  Bentley,  55-81,   Hutchins, 

J.   82-7,    Hendrickson.   87-95,   Berg,    H.    C.    1895-1910,    Steiner,   W.    H. 

1910-1914,  Maines,  W.  S.  1916 

Ellenville,  2d,  1855.     Pfister,  1856-62. 

Ellsworth,  Minn.,  see  Bethel,  1914.     Classical  Missionary.     Russman,  E.  K. 

1921 

Elmendorf,  Chapel,  N.Y.,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Elmhurst,  N.Y.,  see  Newtown,  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Queens ;    see  Newtown 

(German),  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Queens. 
Elmsford,  1850,  see  Greenburgh,  N.Y. 
Eminence,   Summit,   ^choharie  Co.,  N.Y.,   1824.     Vacant,  24-33.     See,  Wm. 

G.  E.,  33-9,  vacant,  40-89,  Phelps,  P.   (S.S.)   89-92,  occasional  supplies. 

Dropped  1913. 
Emmanual,     (Belmond,    Palsville),    Wright    Co.,    la.,    1884.      Janssen,    R. 

83-94,   DcBeer,   J.  94-6,   Reeverts,   A.    1897-1907,   Theilken,   J.   G.    1908- 

1909,  Thormann,  E.  H.   1910-1917,  Waalkes,  A.  H.   1918 

Emmanuel,    (German-American),   1897,   see  N.Y.C.,   Borough  of   Brooklyn. 

Emmanuel,  1852,  see  Castleton,  N.Y. 

Emmanuel,  see  Chicago,  111. 

Emmanuel,  see  Poughkeepsie. 

Emmanuel,  see  Immanuel. 

Englewood,  1886,  see  Chicago,  111. 

Englewood,  2d,  1902,  see  Chicago,  111. 

Englewood,  Col.,  1906,  see  New  Holland,  Col. 

Englewood,  N.J.,  Italian,  1920.     lorrizzo,  G.  1920 

English.    Neighborhood,    Ridgefield,    Bergen    Co.,    N.J.,    1770.      Lydekker, 

1770-6,  Cornelison,   1793-1806,  Polhemus,   H.    1809-13,   Demarest,   C.  T. 

13-24,  Abeel,  G.  24-8,  Duryee,  P.  29-48,   McFarland,  48-55,  Taylor,  A. 

B.  55-92,   Martyn,   F.   93-5,   Roop,    1896-1910,   Allen,    H.    B.    1910-1918, 
Ross,  T.  M.  1920-21. 

English  Neighborhood,  Secession,  1823.     Brinkerhoff,  J.  G.  1824,  Demarest, 

C.  T.  1824-51,  Blauvelt,  C.  J.   1852-60.     Now  Leonia,  N.J. 
Ephratah,  Fulton  Co.,  N.Y.,  1829.    Wack,  Jolin,  supplied  occasionally.     Dis- 
banded 1859.     See  Dailey  Hist.  Montgomery  Classis,  33. 

Ephratah,  Fulton  Co.,  N.Y.,  1832.  Morris,  J.  Miss.  27-29,  Ketchum,  33-6, 
Westfall,  B.  B.  37-38,  Robb,  J.  41-43,  Jukes,  44-50,  Van  Liew,  J.  C. 
51-6,  Westervelt,  J.  P.  58-9,  Hewlings,  George  61,  Merwin,  M.  T.  62, 
Smith,  W.  H.  66-8.  Compton,  68-9,  Van  Benschoten,  72-8,  Stanbrough, 
81-2.  Wilson,   P.  Q.  82-5,   Whitney,  86-9,   Palmer,   C.   L.   96-9,  various 

supplies  1899-1914,  Stanton,  R.  A.  1914-1920,  Dickens,  W.  H.  1921 . 

See  Dailey  Hist.  Classis  of  Montgomery,  32. 

Erie,  111.,  see  Newton. 

Ernest-town,  1798,  see  Canada. 

Esopus,  now  Kingston. 

Esopus,  Klein  Esopus,  (East  New  Paltz),  Ulster  Park,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y., 
1791.    Smith,  T.  G.  1799-1808,  Hasbrouck,  J.  R.  H.  1809-13,  Van  Hook, 


THE    CHURCHES  633 

Miss,  to,  22,  Van  Keuren,  25-36,  Fort,  36-53,  Taylor,  W.  53-4,  McFar- 
lane,  55-6i,  Myers,  A.  H.  (S.S.)  62-5,  Garretson,  J.  65-6,  Voorhis,  J.  N. 
67-80,  Staats,  J.  A.  (S.S.)  81,  Hull,  82-5,  Van  Doren,  J.  86-92,  Lyman- 
Wheaton.  92-95,  Cole,  S.  T.  96-9,  Harris,  D.  T.  1899-1907,  Millett,  J. 
1908-1914,  Van  Oostenbrugge,  C.  1914-1919,  Gulick,  George  W.  1921 

East  New  Paltz,  see  Esopus. 

Evergreen,  or  Ridgewood,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Everly,  see  Cromwell  Centre,  la. 

Fairfield,  ( Horseneck  or  Gansegat),  Essex  Co.,  N.J.,  1720.  Supplied  by 
the  neighboring  pastors,  1720-60.  Blauw,  ( Conferentie),  supplied,  1762-8, 
Meyer,  H.  1772-85,  Leydt,  M.  1779-80,  supplied  by  Duryee,  John  1801- 
17,  Neal,  17-22,  Stryker,  H.  B.  2Z-T,  Ogilvie,  2^-12,  Raymond,  33-5, 
Bronson,  36-8.  Wilson,  Jos.  38-45,  Quick,  J.  J.  45-9,  Wilson,  Jos.  49-73, 
Sebring.  "jy^,  supplied  by  Smith,  Mortimer,  Ap.-Oct.,  TJ,  Pockman, 
78-80,  Owens,  81-4,  Miller,  B.  C.  85-6,  Lockwood,  L.  86-9,  Bogardus, 
W.  E.  90-2,  Conklin,  J.  W.  (S.S.)  93-5.  Peeke,  G.  H.  (S.S.)  95-6, 
Mohn,  O.  L.  F.  1896-1902,  Mitchell,  C.  B.  1903-1905,  Van  der  Mel,  C. 
1906-1908,   Sutherland,  R.  R.   1908-1915.  Miller,  Wm.  J.  H.   1916-1918, 

Leaver.  L.  L.  1919 .     See  Berry's  Hist,  of  Presb.  Ch.  of  Caldwell, 

N.J.,  1871. 

Fair  Haven,  (Woolcot),  Cayuga  Co.,  N.Y.,  1847.  Knight,  R.  W.  49-52, 
Muller,  54-7,  Gates,  C.  57-9,  Watson,  T.  G.  62-4,  Bartholf,  64-8,  South- 
ard, 69-81.  Became  Presbyterian  1882.  Dailey  Hist.  Montgomery  Clas- 
sis,  137. 

Fair  St.,  see  Kingston,  N.Y. 

Fairview,  Fulton  Co.,  111.,  1837.  Wilson,  A.  D.  (S.S.)  38-41,  pastor,  41-56, 
Anderson,  Wm.,  56-9.  Joralmon.  60-85.  Huyser,  85-8,  Van  Doren,  W.  H. 
88-93,  Streng,  94-7.  Gulick,  Jac.  98-9.  Watermuelder,  G.  1902-1903,  Van 
Zante,  A.  B.  1903-1907,  Vander  Meulen.  J.  1907-1911,  Winter,  J.  P. 
191 1 

Fairview,  Okl.,  1909.  Korteling,  G.  1909-1911.  Dismissed  to  Presbyterian 
Church  191 1. 

Fairview  ( Dumont,  Allison,  Bristow,  la.),  1915.  Bosch,  F.  C.  S.  1914-1916, 
Wubbena.  A.  1918^ 

Fairview.  S.D.,  1917. 

Fairview.  1918.  see  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Fairville,  1798.  see  Arcadia,  N.Y. 

Faith,  see  Jersey  City. 

Fallsburgh.  (Neversink,  Woodbourne,  South  Fallsburgh),  Sullivan  Co., 
N.Y..  1802.  Reorganized  1827,  Boyd,  J.  H.,  Miss,  to,  2^-%,  Gray,  J. 
33-5,  Eggleston,  36-7,  Duryee,  I.  G.  46-51,  Eltinge,  C.  D.  51-2,  Searle, 
J.  53-61,  Connitt,  62-5,  Brown,  W.  S.  67-88.  Statesir,  1889-1915,  Smith, 
Henry,  1916-1918,  Heroy,  G.  M.  1918 .  Name  changed  to  Wood- 
bourne.  1918,  which  see. 

Falmouth,   Missauke   Co..   Mich.,   1892.     Vennema.   S.,  92-8. 

Farmer  Village,  Seneca  Co.,  N.Y.,  1830.  Gregorv,  O.  H.  31-8,  Bassler, 
38-66,  Brush,  W.  W.  66-8,  Zabriskie,  A.  68-9'  Forsyth,  Jas.  C.  70-5, 
Furbeck,  P.  1875-81,  Nasholds,  82-7,  Palmer,  F.  W.  87-93,  Van  Ars- 
dale,  E.  B.  1893-1916,  Seibert.  G.  G.  1916—^.  Name  of  this  Church 
changed  to  Interlaken  about  1906. 

Farowe,  1885,  see  South  Blendon,  Mich. 

Far  Rockaway  (Inwood),  L.I.,  N.Y.,  1909,  (German  Evangelical),  Hopf. 
P.  H.  1909-1916,  Bosshart,  J.  G.  1916-1918,  Wettstein,  A.  L.  1919-20, 
Dalhoff.  H.  C.  1922 

Fawns,    1850,   see   Blue   Mountain.   N.Y. 

Fayette.  Seneca  Co.,  N.Y..  1800,  Vanderveer.  J.,  Miss.  to.  1823.  Morris, 
J..  Miss.  to.  1824-5.     See  Dailey 's  Hist.  Montgomery  Classis,  120. 

Fenton,  111.,  see  Newton,  Zion,  111.,  1909. 


634  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Ferns,  see  Parkersburg,  la. 

Ferrysburg,  Ottawa  Co.,  Mich.,  1877. 

Feura  Bush,  Jerusalem,   Onesquethaw. 

Fifth  St.,  Bayonne,  see  Jersey  City. 

Finderne,  N.J.,  1921.     Leonard,  F.  M.  1921 

Firth,  Lancaster  Co.,  Neb.,  1890.  Vacant,  90-4,  Dragt,  94-6,  Stegeman, 
Wm.  96-9.    Dropped  1902. 

Firth,  Neb.,  1918.    Koster,  S.  E.  1918 

Fishkill,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y.,  1716.  Van  Driessen,  supplied  occasionally, 
1727-31,  Van  Schie,  1731-3,  Meinema,  1745-55,  or  58,  Van  Nist,  1758-61, 
Schoonmaker,  H.  1763-74,  Rysdyck,  1772-89,  (1772,  Eng.  and  Dutch 
began  to  be  used  alternately),  Froeligh,  S.  also  supplied,  1776-80,  Blau- 
velt,  L  1783-90,  Van  Vranken,  N.  1791-1804,  Westbrook,  1806-30,  Fisher, 
G.  H.  30-5,  Kip,  F.  L.  36-70,  Kipp,  P.  E.  70-4,  Anderson,  A.  75-80, 
Thomas,  M.  B.  80-7,  Dickhaut,  B.  E.  88-96,  Huizinga,  A.  H.  1896-1905, 
Duffield,  J.  R.  1906-1910,  Vander  Mel,  C.  1910-1916,  Herge,  Charles, 
1916—^ — .  Ecc.  Rec,  N.Y.,  Doc.  Hist.  iii.  589.  Smith's  N.Y.,  509.  Kip's 
Hist.  Disc.  Brinkerhoff,  T.V.M.,  Hist,  of  Fishkill,  1877. 

Fishkill-on-the-Hudson,  1822,  Beacon,  Heyer,  23-51,  Quackenbush,  51-5,  Suy- 
dam,   57-62,   Kimball,   63-5,    Berger,   66-9,    Berry,   J.    R.   69-70,    Fritts, 

70-99,  McCullom,   1900-1914,  Dangremond,  A.  C.  V.  1915 .     Name 

changed  to  Beacon  191 5. 

Fishkill-on-the-Hudson,  Chapel  Denniston,  1866-8. 

Flatbrookville,  see  Walpeck. 

Flatbush,  N.Y.,  1654,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Flatbush  Mission,  1871,  Grace  Chapel,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Flatbush,  2nd,  1847,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Flatbush,  Saugerties,  Glascoe,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1807.  Overbaugh,  1809-41, 
Brodhead,  37-41,  Demarest,  D.  D.  41-3,  Watson,  J.  44-7,  Hulbert, 
48-52,  Gosman,  54-9,  Minor,  59-64,  Merritt,  65-73,  Anderson,  A.  73-5, 
Demarest,  J.  S.  N.  76-81,  Zabriskie,  A.  A.  82-6,  Van  Neste,  G.  J.  86-9, 
Dewitt,  R.  89-1901,  Beekman,  P.  S.  1901-1909,  Dangremond,  G.  C.  1909- 
1912,  Wyckoff,  G.   (S.S.)    1913-1916,  Steketee,  J.  B.  1918 

Flatlands,  1654,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Flats,  now  Rhinebeck. 

Flats,  (Burnetsfield,  German  Flats,  Great  Flats  or  Fort  Herkimer),  Herki- 
mer Co.,  N.Y.,  1725.  Rosncrantz,  17.. -67,  Rosecrantz,  A.  1767-94,  Pick, 
D.  C.  A.  1788-1802,  Spinner,  1802-48,  see  Fort  Herkimer.  "Great  Flats" 
was  a  name  given  to  the  Flats  along  the  Mohawk,  extending  from 
Schenectady  to  Utica. 

Flats,  Seceder,  1825.     Palmer,  1825-9. 

Fleming,  N.Y.,  1905,  see  Owasco  Outlet,  N.Y. 

Flemington,   N.J.     Hungarian   Mission. 

Florence,  S.C.,  1904,  see  All  Souls,  Florence,  S.C. 

Florida,  (Chukonot,  Remsen  Bush,  Minaville),  Montgomery  Co.,  N.Y.,  1784. 
Maier,  James  (S.S.)  1794,  Romeyn,  T.  1800-6,  Paige,  1808-20,  Rouse, 
22-8,  Stevenson,  29-54,  Clancy,  55-60,  Krum,  61-5,  Lane,  66-73,  Pearse, 
R.  A.  1873-1919,  P.E.  1919,  Betten,  D.  L.  1920 — — .  See  Dailey  Hist. 
Montgomery  Classis,  36. 

Flushing,  N.Y.,  1842,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Queens. 

Fonda,  (Caughnawaga),  Montgomery  Co.,  N.Y.,  1758.  (The  name  is  often 
carelessly  written  Conezvago  in  the  early  minutes ;  not  to  be  confounded 
with  Conowago,  which  is  in  Pa.  The  ancient  Caughnawaga  included 
Amsterdam,  Johnstown,  New-Broadalbin,  and  Mayfield.  Doc.  Hist. 
iii.  673-4,  683,  Col.  Hist.  iii.  250).  Vrooman,  Barent  (S.S.)  1758-72, 
Romeyn,  Thos.  1772-94,  Van  Home,  A.  1795-1833,  Quinn,  1833-5,  Fonda, 
J.  D.  1835-42,  Yates,  (S.S.)  1842-1844.  Van  Olinda,  1844-58,  Furbeck, 
1859-62,  Boyd,  J.  C.  1865-70,  Jones,  T.  W.  1870-82,  De  Baun,  J.  A.  83- 
1900,  Boyd,  J.  C.  (S.S.)  1900-1,  Caton,  1901-1904,  Lonsdale,  Wm.  J.  1904- 


THE    CHURCHES  035 

1910,    Cussler,    Henry    C.    191 1 .      See    Dailey    Hist.    Montgomery 

Classis,  3S. 
Fonda.  Bush,    (New  Harlem,  Broadalbin,   Ransonville),   Fulton  Co.,  N.Y., 

1795.    Ten  Eyck,  C.  1799-1812,  Palmer,  1818-20,  Van  Vechten,  S.,  Miss. 

to,  1823,  Presbyt.  1823. 
Fordham,  1696.     See  New  York  City,  Borough  of  Bronx. 
Ford's  Bush.     (Station).     Morris,  J.,  Miss,  to,  1829. 
Forest  Grove,  1869,  see  Jamestown  ist,  Mich. 
Forest  Park,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 
Forrestville,  Ringle,  Marathon  Co.,  Wis.,   1905.     MoUema,   B.    (S.S.)    1906- 

1912,  Schroeder,  P.  E.  A.  1916-1918,  Lepeltak,  C.  1919 

Forreston,   Ogle   Co.,   111.,    1862.     Karston,   65-7,    DeBeer,   67-70,    Reichart, 

71-2.  Schlieder,  72-80,  Blaetgen,  80-5,  Watermuelder,  L.  85-6,  NiehofT, 
86-8,  Schmidt,  H.  T.  89-93,  Watermuelder,  L.  93-9,  Veenker,  1899-1904, 
Potgeter,  H.  1906-1914,  Theilken,  J.  G.  1914 

Forreston,  see  Elim. 

Fort  Carbon,   Pa.      (Station).     DuMont.   Miss,  to,   1829-30. 

Fort  Herkimer,  Montgomery  Co.,  N.Y.,  1852.  (This  church  may  be  con- 
sidered the  continuation  of  the  church  of  German  Flats,  or  Flatts,  which 
see).  Stark,  (S.S.)  52-7,  vacant,  57-62,  Stark,  62-3,  Petrie,  (S.S.) 
64-5,  Quick,  J.  J.  67-8,  Consaul,  68-72,  HotTman,  73,  Johns,  73-5,  no 
settled  pastor,  but  supplies,  75-88,  Lord,  Daniel,  preaching  in  the  sum- 
mer months  for  seven  years — about  80-7,  Minor,  A.  D.  88-91,  Van 
Allen,  Ira  92-96,  Meeker,  (S.S.)  1900-1903,  Dyke,  J.  (S.S.)  1904,  Kin- 
ney, C.  W.  (S.S.)  1909-1911,  Classical  Missionary,  etc.,  191 1,  Beckes, 
O.  E.  (S.S.)  1912-17.  See  Johns'  Hist.  Disc,  1875.  Cox's  Herkimer. 
Dailey  Hist.  CI.  Montgomery,  44-50. 

Fort  Lee,  Bergen  Co.,  N.J.,  1875.  Vacant  75-83,  name  dropped.  See  Pal- 
isades, N.  J. 

Fort  Aliller.  Washington- Co.,  N.Y.  (See  Argyle),  1817.  Johnston,  I.  Y. 
17-23,  Van  Hook,  23-4,  McKelvey,  Jolin,  27.  Mair,  Miss,  to,  29,  Thomp- 
son, D.  R.  ss.  Parry.  33-7,  Wood,  Joel,  40-5.  Stebbins,  (S.S.)  48,  Slau- 
son,  (S.S.)  48-50,  Cochran,  52,  Lansing,  A.  G.  67-8,  Kellogg,  68-72, 
Labaw,  73-4.  Ford.  75-7.  Cochran.  77-S.  VanDoren,  D.  K.  78-82.  Chap- 
man, J.  W.  83-4,  McCullum,  85-90,  Hainer,  90-5,  Davis.  L.  E.  96,  Luck- 
enhill,  97-8,  Wiley,  E.  C.  1900-1902,  Van  Ess,  Jacob  (S.S.)  1904-1909, 
Weidncr.  D.  C.  (S.S.)  1909-1913,  Kinney,  C.  W.  (S.S.)   1913 

Fort  Plain,  Montgomery  Co.,  N.Y..  1831.  This  ch.  is  a  continuation  of 
Canajoharie,  1750.  Bogardus,  N.  34-5,  Burtiss,  35-6,  Pepper,  37-40, 
Van  Vechten.  S.  41-4,  McLean.  C.  G.  44-52.  Schenck.  M.  L.  53-7,  Hall, 
J.  G.  58-64,  Consaul.  (S.S.)  64-5,  Whittaker.  W.  (Presbyt.)  (S.S.) 
66-8.  Riggs,  70-6.  Rogers,  S.  J.  76-9,  Wortman.  80-3.  Demarest.  Jas. 
84-90.  McCullum.  90-1900.  Dougall.  A.  1900-1902.  Willoughby, 
H.  C.  1904-1916,  Kirkwood.  T.  J.  1916-22. 

Fort  Plain,  see  Stone  Arabia. 

Fort  Sill,  Okl.  (Colony,  Lawton)  1901.  (Apache  Mission).  Wright,  F.  H. 
(S.S.)    1901-1904,  Legters.  L.   L.    (S.S.)    1907-1910.   Sluytcr.   H.   191 1- 

1913.  Merged  w'ith  the  Comanche  Mission,  1913,  and  with  the  Mes- 
calero  Church,  1914,  which  see. 

Fort  Washington,  Collegiate,  1909.  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Fostoria.  la.,  see  Cromwell  Centre,  la. 

Fourth,  German,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Foxendorp,  1730-1785,  German  Branch  of   Schoharie,  which  see. 

Frankfort,  Herkimer  Co.,   N.Y.,   1830.     Snyder.  29-30,   Seeley,  31-5,  Mur- 

phy,' 39-40.  Starks,  43-6,  Murphy,  54-6. 
Franklin,    Heelyton,    Hale's    Corners.    Milwaukee    Co..    Wis.,    1851.      KInti, 

1852-3.  \'ander  Meulen,  J..  Sr.   (S.S.)    1902-1907. 
Franklin.  Nutley.  Essex  Co..  N.J..  1855.     Talmage,  P.  S.   (S.S.)   55-9,  Lott, 

59-65.  Ostrom.  (S.S.)  66-8.  pastor.  68-9.  Quick.  A.  M.  69-82,  supplied, 


636  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

82-5,  Skellinger,  85-6,  Miller,  B.  C.  86-9,  Stuart,  1890-1911,  P.E.   1911- 
16,  Stauffer.  M.  T.  1912-1914,  Schenck,  H.  W.  1916 

Franklin  Furnace,  Sussex  Co.,  N.J.,  1878.  Zabriskie,  A.  A.  78-81,  Vaughn, 
J.  81-3,  Garretson,  G.  S.  85-91,  vacant,  91-4,  became  Presbyterian. 

Franklin  Park,  1710,  see  Six  Mile  Run,  N.J. 

Fredericktown,  1798,  see  Canada. 

Free  Grace,  Middleburg,  Orange  City,  Sioux  Co.,  la.,  1885.  Zwemer,  A. 
86-91,  Duiker,  W.  J.  91-5,  Koster,  98-1900,  Fortuin,  1901-1903,  Douw- 
stra.  Harm,  1903-21,  Mansen,  F.  B.  1921 

Free,  Jersey  City,  see  Jersey  City. 

Freehold  ist,  (Navasink,  Marlboro),  Monmouth  Co.,  N.J.,  1699.  (See 
Middletown  and  Holmdel,  N.J.).  Supplied  by  Lupardus,  Antonides, 
and  Freeman,  1699-1709.  Morgan,  1709-31,  Haeghoort,  1731-5,  Erick- 
zon,  1736-64,  DuBois,  B.  1764-1827,  Van  Vranken,  S.  A.  18.. -34,  Otter- 
son,  35-8,  Marccllus,  39-51,  Willis,  51-68,  Swain,  68-73,  Wells,  T.  W. 
73-87,  Bertholf,  J.  H.  88-92,  Van  Zee,  93-1900,  Martine,  1900-1905, 
Davis,  W.  E.  1905-1911,  Vyverberg,  H.  L.  1912-1914,  Palmer,  C.  L. 
1914 .  See  "Dr.  T.  W.  Welles'  Hist  of."  Also  Christian  Intelli- 
gencer, Nov.  I,  1899. 

Freehold  2d,  1842.  In  village  of  Freehold.  Ganse,  43-56,  Collier,  E.  W. 
56-66,  Van  Buren,  P.  called,  but  prevented  by  sickness  from  settling, 
67,  Van  Aken,  G.  67-70,  Hageman,  C.  S.  71-8,  Brokaw,  I.  P.  1879-1905, 
P.E.  1905-16,  Bayles,  T.  F.  1906-1910,  Post,  H.  K.  1910-1916,  Mertz, 
J.  E.  1917-20,  Vo^rman,  A.  H.  1921 

Fremont  Centre,  Newaygo  Co.,  Mich.,  1870.  Kiekentveld,  70-2,  Vander 
Ploeg,  77-8.  This  church  seceded  in  1883,  but  returned,  1884.  Meu- 
lendyk,  Josias,  84-90,  Hoekje,  1891-1908,  Oosterhof,  A.  1909-1914,  Dyk- 
stra,  J.  D.  1915-1917,  Van  Westenburg,  J.  1918-21,  Van  Pernis,  G.  M. 
1921 

Friesland,  Sandstone,  Pine  Co.,  Minn.,  1896.  Te  Paske,  96-8,  Kots,  1899- 
1905,  Stegeman,  Wm.   1906-1914,  DeLange,  Th.  L.   1915-1918. 

Friesland,  Wis.  (Cambria,  before  1915.  Randolph  Centre),  1893.  Engels- 
man,  1898-1905,  Vander  Werf,  A.  1906 

Fruitland,  Mesa,  Crawford,  Col.,  191 1.     Te  Selle,  J.  W.   (S.S.)    191 1 

Fukuoka,  1915,  see  Japan. 

Fulton,  Whitesides  Co.,  111.,  1867.  Woltman.  69-70,  Vandermeulen,  John 
70-5.  Hazenberg,  75-7,  Dykstra,  78-82,  Vander  Ploeg,  H.  82-6,  Te 
Winkle,  J.  W.  88-95,  Duiker,  W.  J.  1895-1902,  Joldersma,  R.  H.  1903- 
1907,  Wolvius,  W.  1907-1911,  Koster,  M.  E.  1911-1916.  Van  Vliet,  Wm. 
1916-1919,  Frieling,  H.  1920 

Fulton,  111.,  2nd,  1916.  Koster,  M.  E.  1916-1918,  Van  Westenburg,  I. 
1 919 

Fulton,  111.,  see  Ustick,  Spring  Valley,  111. 

Fultonville,  Montgomery  Co.,   N.Y.,   1838.     Dyer,  39-43.  Van  Burcn,  J.  M. 

•     43-52.  Welles,  R.  57-68,  Teller,  H.  L.    (S.S.)    1868,  Kip.  F.   M.    (Jr.) 

69-82,  Van  Vranken,  F.  V.  82-92,  Schmitz.  W.  92-1901.  Van  Hee,  1901- 

1905,   Grant,  J.   E.   1906-1913,   Irish,  E.   B.   1913-1916,   Hagaman,  T.  A. 

1917-21. 

Fynaart,  Allegan  Co.,  Mich.,  1869.  Zwemer,  J.  F.  73-79,  united  with  Saugu- 
tuck,  1880.  Groeneveld,  81-2.  Reorganized,  1885.  Dangremond,  G. 
85-9,  Strabbing,  89-93,  disbanded,  1894.     See  East  Saugutuck. 

Galesburg,  (Reasnor,  Killduff),  la.,  1891.  Klooster,  F.  1892-1901,  Classical 
Missionary,  1901-04,  Wiebenga.  J.  1903-1906.  vacant,  1906-11,  Van  Den 
Berge.  E.  1911-1915,  Heneveld,  G.  G.  1916-1918.     Disbanded  1920. 

Gallatin,  Mt.  Ross,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y..  1746.  (Called  successively  Stis- 
sing.  or  New  Stissing.  Livingston  Manor,  Ancram,  and  Greenbush). 
Fryenmoet.  1759-66.  Livingston.  J.  H.  1779-81,  Lansing,  N.  1781-4, 
Romeyn,  Jer.  1789-94,  Vedder,  H.  1803-64,  Bogardus,-F.  M.  63-9,  Wye- 


THE    CHURCHES  637 

koff,   D.   B.  70-81,  Todd,   W.   N.  81-5,    Reiner,   86-7.   Bartholf,   B.   A. 

87-99,  Walter,  A.  J.  1900-1902,  Pearse,  Nicholas  1903-1909,  Force,  F.  A. 

1910-1917,   Hemenway,  F.  W.   1920 

Gallupville,   Schoharie  Co.,   N.Y.,   1844-     Weidman,    (S.S.)    44.   Hammond, 

E    S   44-52,  Bogardus,  52-6.  Lane,  G.  57-6o,  Comfort,  60-3,  Vedder,  K. 

63-71,  Kershow,  72-7,  Carr,  77-80,  Van  Doren,  J.  H.  82-6,  Force,  F.  A. 

91-5.     Dropped  1909. 
Gano,  1891,  see  Chicago,  111. 
Gansegat,  now  Fairfield,  N.J. 
Gansevoort.  Saratoga  Co.,  N.Y.,  1839.     Birkby,  40-5,  Du  Bois,  John,  45-50. 

Doe  (S.S.)   52-3,  Van  Wyck,  P.  53-6.  McCartney,  57-63.  Markle,  64-8, 

Cochrane,  (S.S.)  7i,  77-^2,  Mills,  G.  A.  83-4.  Bailey,  J.  W.  85-6,  Den- 
man,  89-92,  Gulick,  N.  J.  92-5.  Forbes.  97-1899.  Phelps,  P.  T.  1902-1908, 

Classical  Missionary,  1912-1918. 
Garden  Plains,  111.,  1909-1911. 
Gardiner,  Ulster  Co..  N.Y.,  1891.    Niles,  94-8.  Bayles,  T.  F.  98-1902,  Cornish, 

F.  L.  1902-1903,  Appel,  J.  B.  1904-1906,  Millett,  Jos.   (S.S.)    1906-1908, 

Wells,    C.    E.    1909-1913,    Neander,    John,    1914-1918,    Brmk,    H.    W. 

1919 .     See  Guilford. 

Garfield,  Bergen  Co.,  N.J.,  1891.    Seibert,"  G.  91-2.  Seibert,  G.  G.  92-6,  Myles, 

97-1901,  Hill,  E.  1901-1921, 
Gary,  Minn.,  see  Spring  Creek. 
Gelderland,  1898,  see  Holland,  Mich. 
Geneva,   Ontario   Co.,   N.Y.,   1831.     Mandeville,    H.   31-4,   Abeel,   G.   34-49, 

Romeyn,  J.  50-1,  Voorhees,  H.  V.  51-4,  Collier.  Jos.  55-9.  Wiley,  60-5, 

Rogers,  S.  J.  65-72,  Brush,  W.  W.  72-8,  Oppie,  78-9.  Nasholds,  80-2, 

Strong,   T.    C.   82-5.     Disbanded.      See   "Conover's    Hist,   of   Geneva." 
George,  1893,  see  Hope,  la. 
George,  1895,  see  Bethel,  la. 

Georgetown,  D.  C.   (Miss  Station).     Baldwin,  E.,  Miss,  to,  1822-4. 
German,  German  Evangelical.      (Churches  which  have  the  word  ^'German" 

in  the  title). 

American,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of   Brooklyn. 

Avenue  B.,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Brooklyn,  see  N.YC,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Elmhurst,  see  N.Y.C..  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Far  Rockaway   (Inwood),  see  Far  Rockaway. 

Fourth,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Hoboken,  see  Hoboken. 

Jamaica,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Queens. 

Jersey  City,  see  Jersey  City. 

Manhattan,  see  N.Y.C..  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Melrose,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  the  Bronx. 

Mission,  see  N.Y.C.,   Borough  of   Manhattan. 

Newtown,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Queens. 

Norfolk  St.,  see  Sixty-Eighth  St. 

Plainfield,  see  Plainfield. 

St.  John's,  see  Jersey  City. 

St.  Peter's,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Richmond. 

Zion,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  the  Bronx. 
German  Flats,  N.Y.,  1725.     Same  as  Great  Flatts,  Flats,  or  Fort  Herkimer, 

or    Burnetsficld.      "Doc.    Hist."    i.    H^-Mi-      "Cox's    Herkimer,"    p.   4- 

Schuvler,  Johannes   (S.S.)    1736.  Weiss.   M.   1736-46.  Rosencrantz  

(?)-i752,  Ro.scncrantz,  Ab.  1752-8,  I759-I796,  Pick,  D.  C.  A.  1798-1801, 

Spinner,  J.  P.   1802-1848,  Stark.  J.  L.   (S.S.)    1848-1853,  Pastor.  1862- 

1863.     See  Fort  Herkimer.     Dailey's  History  Montgomery  Classis,  44- 
Germantown.    Columbia    Co..    N.Y.    (East   Camp,   Kingsbury),    1728.      Van 

Driessen.  J.  1728-34,  Mancius  and  Weiss  occasionally,  1734-46,  Schnorr, 

1746-51,  Rubel,  1755-9,  Fryenmoet.  1756-70.  Cock,  1763-91.  Cough,  177- •- 


638  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

8,  Gebhard,  occasionally;  Schiefifer,  J.  D.  1794-1800,  Fox,  1802-24,  Rudy, 
25-36,  Hangen,  36-40,  Boyd,  Josh,  42-48,  Freese,  49-50.  Hoff,  51-5, 
Meyers.  A.  H.  56-62.  Schermerhorn,  H.  R.  62-5,  Roe,  66-8,  Bodine, 
68-74,  Wyckoff,  Jas.  75-83.  Blair,  H.  P.  84-7,  Smith,  M.  88-95,  Dyke, 
C.  P.  95-1900,  McCully,  1900-1903,  Sahler,  Wm.  L.,  1904-1910,  White, 

B.  F.  1910 

When  Livingston  sold  6,oco  acres  to  the  Crown,  in   1710,  40  acres  were 

reserved  for  the  glebe.     This  is  again  mentioned  in   1724.     See  also  MSB. 

history  read  by  Rev.  Jas.  Wyckofif,  at  laying  of  corner-stone,  1880. 

Germantown,  see  Livingston  Memorial. 

Germantown,  Pa.,  1710.  Van  Vleck,  P.  1710-13,  Jones,  Malachi,  1714-19; 
ch.  became  Presbyterian. 

German  Valley,  1851,  see  Silver  Creek.  111. 

German  Valley,  1886,  see  Ramsay,  la. 

Ghent,  (Squampamuck),  Columbia  Co.,  1775,  Gebhard  supplied,  1777-92, 
Schieffer,  J.  D.,  supplied  1794- 1800,   Sluyter  supplied  occasionally. 

Ghent,  Columbia  Co.,  N.Y.,  1819,  revived.  Wynkoop,  P.  S.  23-44,  De 
Witt,  J.  45-8,  Gray,  J.  48-55,  Letson,  56-64,  Drury,  1864-87,  WyckoflF, 
B.  D.  87-95,  Phelps,   P.  T.  95-1900.  Messier,  Isaac,   1901-1905,   Sauer- 

brunn,  L.  F.   1905-1908,  Black,  John    1908-1918,   Seso,  A.   A.   1922 . 

See  "Drury's  Hist.   Discourse." 

Ghent,  see  New  Concord. 

Ghent  2d,  1843.  Wyckoff.  T.  F.  43-4.  (S.S.)  Williamson,  G.  R.  44-8, 
Vendervoort,  48-51,  Van  Woert,  52-65,  Sebring,  E.  N.  65-73,  Schenck, 
Jac.  W.  73-9,  Sclrenck,  I.  S.  80-96,  Bedford,  1897- 1902,  Dangremond, 
G.  C.  1903-1908,  Morehouse,  H.  1908-12,  DeMeester,  P.  1913-1919. 

Gibbonsville,  see  Washington  and  Gibbonsville. 

Gibbsville,  Sheboygan,  Sheboygan  Co.,  Wis.,  1856.  Dunnewold,  68-87,  De 
Bey,  D.  J.  88-96,  Hospers,  H.  97-9,  Vander  Werf,  S.  1899-1902,  Duiker, 
W.  J.  1902-1908,  Straks,  J.  H.  1909-1920,  Ruisaard,  M.  C.  1921 

Giffords,  1821,  see  Princetown,  N.Y. 

Gilboa,  Schoharie  Co.,  N.Y.,  1836.  Paige,  36-7,  Bogardus,  C.  38-42,  Van 
Dyck,  L.  H.  43-52,  Lockwood,  S.  52-4.  Welch,  55-6.  Benedict,  57,  Bates, 
E.  D.  58,  See,  W.  G.  E.  59-61,  Merwin,  M.  T.  (S.S.)  1862,  King,  A. 
B.  62-3,  Letson,  64-8,  Moore.  W.  S.  69-73,  Ball,  (S.S.)  73-75,  Cornet, 
76-9,  vacant,  79-82,  Miller,  B.  C.  82-5,  Wessells,  87-9,  Scarlett,  J.  H. 
93-1900.  Bergmans  J.  C.  1901-02,  Ruliffson,  E.  J.  (S.S.)  1904-08,  Hess, 
N.  1911-13,  Vanderkam,  Peter,  (S.S.)   1914-16.     See  South  Gilboa. 

Gingee,  1862,  see  India. 

Glascoe,  1807,  see  Flatbush,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y. 

Glen,  Montgomery  Co.,  N.Y.,  1794.  Wyckoff,  H.  V.  1799-1803.  Van  Buren, 
P.  1804-14,  Hasbrouck,  J.  R.  H.  1814-26,  Morris.  J.  F.  1827-9,  Chitten- 
den, A.  B.  1831-4,  (Leckner,  A.  M.  1836),  Jukes,  C.  1838-44,  Fisher,  J.  P. 
(S.S.)  1845-6.  Roof,  G.  L.  1846-50,  Van  Vranken,  A.  H.  1851-65,  Van 
Vranken,  F.  V.  1866-74,  Dysart,  J.  P.  1874-79,  Schoonmaker.  R.  L. 
.  1880-82,  Lawsing  S.  O.  1882-88,  Thyne,  J.  B.  1888-94,  Hogan,  J.  S.  1894- 
97,  Lansing  ,R.  A.  1897-1901,  Smith,  H.  1901-03,  Sauerbnmn,  1904-05, 
Conant,  C.  A.  (S.S.)  1905-09,  Meeker,  E.  1910-14.    Supplied.     Simmons, 

Fred.    (S.S.)    192c .      See    "Hogan's    Centennial    Discourse,    Dailey 

Hist.  CI.  of  Montgomery,  51. 

Glen,  Independent,  1830.  Paulison,  1840-1851.  See  Dailey  Hist,  of  Mont- 
gomery CI.,  130. 

Glenham,  Beacon,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y.,  1837.  Johnson,  J.  G.  40-6,  Miller, 
46-9,  Duryea,  J.  G.  51-2,  Bevier,  53-60,  Holmes,  E.  (S.S.)  60-5,  Horton, 
65-7,  Wyckoff,  A.  N.  67-71,  Scudder,  Jos.  (S.S.)  72-5,  Van  Deventer, 
75-9,  Schomp,  79-85,  Beekman,  P.  S.  87-93,  Strong,  W.  V.  D.  1894- 
1903,  Duffield.  J.  R.  (S.S.)  1910,  Vander  Mel,  C.  (S.S.)  1911-12,  Mac- 
Cullum,  E.  A.  (S.S.)   1913-14,  Herge,  Chas.   (S.S.)   1920 

Glen  Head,  N.Y.,  see  Oyster  Bay,  N.Y. 


THE    CHURCHES  639 

Glen  Rock  (Ridgewood),  NJ.,  1895.  Supplied  by  students.  Jongeneel, 
J.  (S.S.)  1902-1903,  Grant,  J.  W.  1903-191 1,  Andreae,  M.  C.  T.  1912-15, 
Weidner,   191 5-19,  Lonsdale,  Wm.  J.  1920 

Glenville,  ist,  1814,  Cranesville,  see  Schenectady,  N.Y. 

Glenville,  2d,  1818,  see  Schenectady,  N.Y. 

Gnanodiam,  1867,  see  India. 

Goodland,  Newton  Co.,  Ind.,  1902.  Lepeltak,  P.  1904-1906,  Grull,  J.  D. 
1907-1911. 

Gorham,  Ontario  Co.,  N.Y..  1843.  Ryerson.  43-5,  Lloyd,  46-7,  Hammond, 
L  47-50.     Disbanded  1853.     See  Dailey  Hist.  Montgomery  CI.,  135. 

Gotebo,  Okl.,  1906.  Colby,  H.  E.  1906-1907.  Vandeburg,  S.  (S.S.)  1908, 
MacNeil,  J.  R.  (S.S.)  1909.  Alf,  Alfred  (S.S.)  1910.  Dismissed  to 
Southern  Presbyterian  Church,  191 1. 

Gould  Memorial,  see  Roxbury. 

Graafschap,  Holland,  Allegan  Co.,  Mich..  1850,  (organization  came  from 
Holland  in  1847;  name  changed  to  Central  Park  Reformed  Church, 
1922;  jomed  R.C.A.  1850).  Klyn,  49-51,  Ypma,  52-5.  In  1857.  all  except 
five  families  seceded.  Pieters.  61-5.  Broek.  D.  65-70,  Oggel,  E.  C. 
70-2.  Vanderkley,  73-5,  Zwemer,  A.  76-86,  John,  C.  C.  A.  L.  88-90, 
Zwemer,  F.  J.  92-6,  Vander  Meulen,  J.  96-1900,  Kuiper,  C.  1901-1904, 
Kuizenga,  John  E.  1904-1906,  Heines,  C.  1907-1910,  Wolvius,  W.  191 1- 
15.  Blocmendal,  R.  1919-20,  Hinkamp,  P.  E.  (S.S.)  1921.  See  Central 
Park  Reformed  Church. 

Grace  Reformed,  Flatbush  (Chapel,  1871),  1903.  see  N.Y.C..  Borough  of 
Brooklyn. 

Grace,  1880,  see  Orangeburg,  S.C. 

Grace.  1885,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Grace,  see  Woodhaven,  1891. 

Grace.  1897.  see  Grand  Rapids.  Mich. 

Grace,  1908.  see  Corsica,  S.D. 

Grahamsville,  Wallkill,  Sijllivan  Co.,  N.Y.,  1844,  Gregory,  T.  B.  44-8,  Ham- 
mond, J.  W.  49-52,  Case.  52-3,  Betts.  55-6.  Jones,  D.  A.  58-63,  Hammond, 
J.  W.  63-7.  Turner,  68-71,  Milliken,  76-83,  Lane,  85-7,  Coombs,  90-3, 
Ruhl,  95-8,  Hauser,  1902-1906.  Services  bv  neighboring  pastors,  etc., 
1906 .    See  also  Claraville,  Wallkill. 

Grahamsville,   1880,  see  Unionville,  N.Y. 

Grand,  Okl..  1904-08. 

Grand  Gorge.  Union  Church  at  Moresville,  1836.  Knight,  Wm.  (S  S.)  1841 
Buckelow.  W.  P.  1859-62.  Richards.  L.  E.  (Pres.)  (S.S.)  1866,  Rhine- 
hart,  J.  K.  (S.S.)  1871-2.  Cornet.  E.  (S.S.)  1877-8,  Wessells,  (S.S.) 
1888-9.  Dixon.  C.  M.  1897-1903,  Dangremond,  A.  C.  V.  1903-08,  RulifT- 
son,  E.  J.  1908-12.  Doyle.  D.  B.  1914-15.  Zicgler,  Vacslav  (S.S.)  1916- 
1919.  Stevens,  C.  N.   1919 .     See  Moresville. 

Grand  Haven,  Ottawa  Co.,  Mich.,  1851.  Bolks,  52-5,  Oggel.  P.  J  56-9, 
Vanderveen.  1861-8.  Klyn,  H.  C.  68-9,  De  Beer,  69-72,  Oggel,  E.  c! 
72-8,  Duiker,  78-81.  Dosker,  H.  E.  82-6,  Wormser,  A.  86-91,  De  Pruyn, 
P.  91-7.  Muilcnberg.  1898-1908.  Harmeling,  H.  1909-1918.  Schipper,  H. 
1918 

Grand  Haven.  2d,  1871.  Vander  Hart.  72-5,  again,  77-9.  Vander  Veen, 
79-84.  Wmter.  E.  84-6,  Stapelkamp,  86-8,  Van  Zanten,  90-3,  Collier, 
G.  Z.  96-1900,  Vander  Meulen,  J.  (Jr.)  1900-1907.  Vander  Meulen,  John 
1908-14.  Verburg.  J.  A.  1914-1915,  Vruwink,  H.  A.  1917 

Grand  Rapids.  Kent  Co.,  Mich. 

1.  Fir.st.  Fountain  and  Barclay  Sts.,  1840.  Waring.  Miss.  to.  40-2.  Taylor, 
A.  B.  43-8.  Berry.  P.  60-1.  Ferris,  J.  M.  62-5,  Decker,  H.  65-7,  Van 
der  Veen,  C.  68-71,  Van  der  Meulen.  Jac.  71-2,  Moerdyk,  P.  73-92, 
Williamson,  W.  H.  92-9,  Van  der  Meulen,  T.  M.  1900-1,  Watermuelder, 
G.  1903-1905.  Brown.  J.  A.  1907-1918.     United  with  Grand  Rapids,  sec- 


640  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

ond  to  form  Grand  Rapids  Central,   1918.     See  "Moerdyk's  Hist,  of," 
1880. 

2.  Second,  Bostwick  St.,  1850.  Klyn,  54-6,  Houbolt,  59-60,  Van  der  Meu- 
len,  C.  61-73,  Dosker,  N.  H.  73-83,  Winter,  E.  83-95,  De  Bey,  D.  J.  96- 
1900,  Kolyn,  M.  1901-1910,  Hospers,  H.  1910-1918.  United  with  Grand 
Rapids  First  to  form  Grand  Rapids  Central,  1918. 

3.  Third,  Diamond  and  Hermitage  Sts.,  1875.  Kriekaard,  A.  1876-1903, 
Dejonge,  A.  W.  1903-1905,  Vander  Berg,  A.,  1906-1918,  Boer,  N. 
1918 

4.  Fourth,  Ionia,  North  Ave.,  1875.  Hulst,  L.  J.  75-81,  when  the  pastor  and  a 
large  part  of  the  church  seceded  to  the  Christian  Reformed  Church. 
De  Free,  P.  82-91,  Bouma,  P.  J.  91-4,  Warnshuis,  J.  W.  95-1900,  Van 
Houte,  J.  1900-1903,  Kuyper,  C.  1904-1911,  Bosch,  G.  1912-1913,  Frieling, 
Hark,   1913-20,  Muller,  C.   1920 

5.  Fifth,  Church  Place,  Carpenter  St.,  1886.  Joldersma,  86-9,  Buursma, 
A.  89-1902,  Hofifman,  B.  1902-1912,  Nettinga,  S.  C.  1912-1918,  DeYoung, 
A.  1918 

6  Sixth,  Oakdale  Park,  536  Adams  St.,  1889.  Lumkes,  J.  M.  90-3,  Pool, 
Wm.  93-7,  De  Pree,  P.  1898-1903,  DeHaan,  J.  1903-1910,  Dykhuizen, 
H.  1910-1911,  Duiker,  Wm.  J.  1911-1917,  Dykema,  K.  j.  1917-1920, 
DeMotts,  G.  1921 '  . 

7.  Seventh,  Jennette  Ave.,  1890.  Lamar,  J.  91-3,  Muilenberg,  T.  W.  94-8, 
Zwemer,  J.  F.  98-1900,  Broekstra,  M.  E.  1900-1905,  Lubbers,  F.  1906- 
1910,  Heemstra,  J.  F.  1910-1913,  Dejonge,  A.  W.  1914-1918,  Van  Lum- 
mel,  A.  J.  1919 — — 

8.  Eighth,  Burton  St.,  1891.  Duiker,  R.  92-6,  Ihrman,  96-9,  Frieling,  H. 
1899-1903,  Sietsema,  J.  1904-1911,  Van  der  Meer,  M.  D.  1912-1917, 
Menning,  G.  1917 

9.  Ninth,  Watson  and  Delaney  Sts.,  1892.  Boer,  H.  K.  92-5,  Te  Winkle, 
95-9,  Schuurman,  H.  P.  1900-1903,  Heines,  C.  1903-1907,  Joldersma, 
R.  H.  1907-1909,  Karreman,  A.  1910-1915,  Van  Westenburg,  J.  1915- 
1918,  Van  Dyk,  J.  A.  1918 

10.  Bethany,  East  and  Baldwin  Sts.,  1893.  Lamar,  J.  93-8,  Ossewaarde, 
Jas.  1899-1902,  Boer,  N.  1903-1907,  Wayer,  James  1907-1919,  Klerk,  A. 
1920 

11.  Grace,  Caulfield  Av.,  1897.  Van  der  Erve,  J.  98-1901,  Joldersma, 
1901-1902,  Cheff,  P.  P.  1903-1905,  Braak,  P.  1905-1908,  Dykstra,  L. 
1909-19x2,  Spaan,  C.  H.  1912 

12.  Bethel,  Coit  Ave.,  1906.  Dejong,  P.  C.  1908-1910,  Kooiker,  G.  191 1- 
1916,  Te  Paske,  A.  J.   1917-20,  Schwitters,  E.  O.   1921. 

13.  Immanuel,  Thomas  St.,  1907.  Bloemendal,  R.  1907-1912,  Riepma,  S.  F. 
1911-1914,  Van  Westenberg,  L  1914-19,  Brouwer,  J.  G.  1920 • 

14.  Trinity,  Davis  Ave.,  1908.  Muilenburg,  T.  W.  1908-1911,  Joldersma, 
R.  H.   1912-1913,  Van  Zomeren,  Jolin,  1914-21. 

15.  East  Paris,   1914-1918. 

16.  Knapp    Ave.,    191 5.      Classical    Missionary,    etc.,    191 5 .      Van    Den 

Bosch,  T.  G.  1919 

17.  Calvary,  East  Fulton  St.,  1916.  Dame,  C.  P.  1916-1918.  Stegenga,  A. 
1918-1919,  Stegenga,  Miner,  1919 

18.  Zion,  Jefiferson  Ave.,  1917.  Bloemendal,  R.  1918-19,  Goebel,  G.  A.  T. 
1919-21.  Kuizenga,  E.  C.   1922 

19.  Central  Reformed,  1918.  Formed  by  union  of  Grand  Rapids,  First  and 
Second.     Dykstra,  J.  A.  1919 

20.  Fairview,  1918.     Huibregtse,  Edward,  1920 

Grand  Rapids,  Independent,  1875? 

Grand  View,  Armour,  Douglas  Co.,  S.D.,  1885.  Zwemer,  F.  J.  86-9, 
Pool,  Wm.  89-90,  Zwemer,  F.  J.  90-2,  Stegeman,  Wm.  92-7,  classical 
missionary,  97-1900,  Brummel,  Jac.  1900-1906,  Duven,  M.  J.  1907-1910, 
Tanis,  Herman,  1911-1915,  Benes,  L.  H.  1916 


THE    CHURCHES  64I 

Grandville,  Kent  Co.,  Mich.,  1859.  Kiekintveld,  67-70,  De  Jonge,  W.  P. 
71-87,  Duiker,  R.  87-89,  Bouma,  90-1,  Broek,  D.  1892-1904,  Ossewaarde, 
John  1904-1908,  Ruisaard,  M.  C.  1908-1910,  Moerdyk,  Wm.  1910-1913, 
Vander  Schoor,  C.  1913-1915,  Brouwer,  J.  G.  1916-1919,  Van  Zyl,  B.  R. 
1920-1921. 

Grant,  Mich.,  1907.     Supplied.     DeWitt,  Herman,  1912-1916. 

Gravesend,  1654,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Gray  Hawk,  Kentucky.  Mission,  1914.  DeYoung,  B.  1914,  Worthington, 
Wm.  A.  1919 

Great  Flats  or  German  Flats,  or  Flats. 

Greenburgh,  Elmsford,  Westchester  Co.,  N.Y.,  1850.  (This  church  was 
organized  in  1788  as  a  Congregational  Church;  it  afterward  became 
Presbyterian,  and  in   1850  entered  into  its  present  relations).     Smith, 

12-20 ,  Phelps,  50-1,  Wyckoflf,  A.  V.  51-2,  See,  J.  L.  53-4,  Moore, 

56-64,  Bogardus,  W.  E.  65-7,  Bertholf,  J.  H.  67-9,  Bagley,  73-5,  Hoyt, 
76-9,  Jan.  I.  Vacant,  79-84,  Turner,  W.  E.  84-9,  Goebel,  1890-1910, 
Wallace,  A.  V.  S.  1911-1918,  Fisher,  W.  W.  1919 

Greenbush,  (Livingston  Manor),  1746.    See  Gallatin. 

Greenbush,  East  Greenbush,  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.Y.,  1787.  Romeyn,  J.  V.  C. 
1788-99,  Zabriskie,  J.  L.  1801-11,  Labagh,  I.  1811-15,  Marselus,  15-22, 
Taylor,  B.  C.  22-5,  Dumont,  26-9,  Liddell,  30-4,  Stimpson,  34-52,  Tal- 
mage,  J.  R.  52-60,  Wilson,  P.  Q.  61-6,  Anderson,  W.  66-76,  Steele,  J. 
77-87.  Laubenheimer,  1888-1901,  Freer,  H.  A.  1902-1912,  Ellis,  A.  M. 
1912-1915,  Simpson,  Wm.  E.  1915-1918,  Sheflfer,  H.  L.  1919-21.  See 
"Pockman's  Hist,  of  Refd.  Ch.  East  Greenbush,"  1891. 

Greenbush,   Plymouth,   Sheboygan  Co.,  Wis.,   1884.     Dropped   191 1. 

Greendale,  1836,  see  Greenport,  Columbia  Co.,  N.Y. 

Greenleafton,  Preston,  Fillmore  Co.,  Minn.,  1869.  Lepeltak,  70-7,  Vander- 
ploeg,  78-82,  De  Jong,  J.  P.  83-5,  Borgers,  H.  86-93,  Oosterhoflf,  95- 
1900,  Klerk,  1900-1904,  Beckering,  W.  1904-1907,  Grooters,  P.  1908- 
1916,  Duven,  M.  J.  1916-21,  Flikkema,  B.  M.  1922 

Green  Point,  1848,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Greenport,  (Mt.  Pleasant),  Columbia  Co.,  N.Y.,  1835.  Hangen,  (S.S.) 
36-7,  Fisher,  G.  H.  (S.S.)  38-39,  Van  Wagenen,  39-41,  Fonda,  J.  D. 
42-7,  Van  Wyck,  48-51,  Voorhees,  J.  N.  51-6,  Finch,  57-61,  Himrod, 
61-81,  Perry,  W.  D.  82-6,  Veenschoten,  86-90,  Ackerman,  90-4,  Corwin, 
E.  T.  95-7,  Corwin,  C.  E.  1897-1905,  Zabriskie,  A.  A.  1906-1909,  Jonker, 
Philip  1910-1918,  Mulford,  H.  D.  B.   (S.S.)    1919,  Jonker,  Philip  1920, 

Ferris,   P.   R.   1921 .     See  "Corwin's  Ecc.   Hist,  of   Columbia  Co., 

N.Y.,  1896. 

Greenville.  Scarsdale,  Westchester  Co.,  N.Y.,  1840.  Hulbert,  42-5,  Stew- 
art, 46-52,  Collier,  Jos.  52-5,  Marcellus,  56-9,  Romondt,  60-1,  Pitcher, 
J.  H.  61-73,  Schoonmaker,  R.  L.  76-8,  Ries,  78-82,  Bolton,  82-4,  Gra- 
ham, 85-9,  Harper,  1890-1905,  McCurry,  D.  E.  1909-1912,  Sims,  N.  L.  R. 
1912-1914,  Brownlee,  F.  L.  1915-1916,  Hallenbeck,  C.  A.  1917-1920, 
Livingston,  T.   (S.S.)   1920 

Greenville,  1871,  see  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Greenwich,  1803,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Greenwich,  1812,  see  Union  Village,  Easton,  Washington  Co.,  N.Y. 

Greenwood,  Clark  Co.,  Wis.,  1880? 

Greenwood  Heights,  1892.  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Griggstown,  Belle  Mead,  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,  1842.  Lord,  J.  S.  43-7,  Todd, 
J.  A.  48-55,  Livingston,  E.  P.  55-8,  Searle,  Stephen,  59-73,  Williams, 
R.  G.  74-7,  Searle,  J.  P.  78-81.  Gebhard,  J.  G.  82-5,  Palmer,  R.  86-90, 
Southard,  91-1902,  Sanson,  J.  R.  (S.S.)  1903-1920,  Walter,  J.  R.  (S.S.) 
1921-22. 

Grove  church.  1843,  see  New  Durham,  N.J. 

Guilderland,  see  Helderbergh. 

Guilford,  Libertyville,  New  Paltz,  Gardiner,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1833.    Brush, 


642  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

W.  34-51,  Jansen,  J.  N.  52-63,  De  Witt,  R.  64-71,  Lasher,   1873-1915, 

P.E.  1915 

Guttenberg,  Passaic,  Hudson  Co.,  N.J.,  1869.  Mabon,  W.  V.  V.  (S.S.) 
69-72,  Crolius,  72-4,  Wilson,  P.  Q.  (S.S.)  74-6,  Barr,  78-80,  Shaw,  A. 
80-4,  Sparks,  84-6,  Morton,  88-9,  Johnston,  90-1,  Manchee,  1894-1917, 
EHason,  H.  A.  1917 

Haarlem,  see  Harlem. 

Hackensack,  Bergen  Co.,  N.J.,  churches  in : 

1.  Hackensack,  French  church,  1682?  Supplied  probably  by  Daille,  1683- 
96.  See  Dr.  D.  D.  Demarest's  "Huguenots  on  the  Hackensack,"  1886, 
and  "Collections  of  Huguenot  Society." 

2.  Hackensack,  1686.  Supplied  by  Tesschenmaeker,  1686-7,  by  Varick, 
1687-9;  pastors:  Bertholf,  G.  1694-1724,  Erickzon,  1725-8;  supplied 
by  Du  Bois,  Gaulterus,  1728-30;  Curtenius,  1730-55,  Goetschius,  J.  H. 
1748-74,  Romeyn,  D.  1775-84,  Froeligh,  S.  1786-1822,  seceded.  "Ecc. 
Rec,  N.Y."    "Taylor's  Annals."    "Brinkerhoff's  Hist.  True  R.D.C." 

3.  Hackensack  Secession,  1822.  Froeligh,  S.  22-7,  Paulison,  31-2,  Dem- 
ur est,  C.  T.  39-52,  Blauvelt,  C.  J.  53-9,  DeBaun,  J.  Y.  60-87,  Voorhis, 
J.  C.  1887 

4.  Hackensack,  Independent,  1832.  Paulison,  32-40,  Amerman,  A.  43-71, 
when  church  became  Presbyterian. 

5.  Hackensack,  1756,  First.  Schuyler,  1756-66,  Blauw,  1768-71,  Kuypers, 
W.  1771-97,  Romeyn,  J.  V.  C.  1799-1833,  Romeyn,  Jas.  33-6,  Warner,  A. 
H.  37-65,  Romeyn,  T.  B.  65-85,  Vanderwart,  1886-1910,  Von  Schleider, 
Albert,  1910 .     See  "T.  B.  Romeyn's  Hist.  Disc." 

6.  Hackensack  2d,  1855.  Demarest,  Jas.  (Jr.)  56-63,  Fisher,  G.  H.  64-70, 
Durand,  71-82,  Johnson,  A.  1884 

7.  Hackensack,  Third  (Ger.),  1857.  Becker,  57-60,  Wolf,  Miss,  to,  62, 
Schroeder,  64-9,  Losch,  70-2,  Saul,  73-4,  Ricke,  74-7,  Windemuth,  77-9, 
Goebel,  J.  H.  81-90,  Bombin,  1891-1912,  Weber,  August,  1912 

8.  Hackensack,  Italian,  191 5.  Merlo,  Samuel  S.  1915-1917,  lorizzo,  Gae- 
tano,  1917^ 

Hagaman,  Montgomery  Co.,  N.Y.,  1855.  Pearse,  56-9,  Slingerland,  60-2, 
Hageman,  A.  J.  63-87,  Hansen,  87-93,  Wurts,  93-1901,  Weidncr,  D.  C. 
1902-1905,  Seibert,  G.  G.  1906-1911,  Bedford,  C.  V.  W.  1912-1918,  Smith, 
C.  W.  1 91 8 .     See  Dailey  Hist,  of  Montgomery  Classis,  54. 

Hales  Corners,  Wis.,  see  Franklin. 

Half  Moon,  now  Waterford.     "Doc.  Hist."  i.  425. 

Hallebergh,  same  as  Lisha's  Kill. 

Hallowell,  1816,  see  Canada. 

Hamilton,  (Rabbitt  River,  Zabriskie  Memorial),  Allegan  Co.,  Mich.,  1870. 
Dangremond,  69-73.  Supplied  by  pastor  of  Overisel,  1873-89,  Strab- 
bing,  A.  H.  1889-93,  Boer,  H.  K.  1895-1900,  Rozendal,  A.  1900-1904, 
Strabbing,  A.  H.  1905-1909,  Hankamp,  G.  1910-1913,  Walvoord,  W.  C. 
1914-1918,  TerLouw,  J.   S.   1919-21,   Roggen,  J.  A.   1922 

Hamilton,  see  American  Reformed,  Dummingville,  East  Overisel. 

Hamilton   Grange,   1887,   see  N.Y.C.,   Borough  of   The   Bronx. 

Hanover,  Adams  Co.,  Pa.,  1768,  (on  the  Susquehanna),  near  Conowago; 
see  note  under  Conowago,  Pa.  Gray,  A.  1793-6.  The  Dutch  people 
removed  from  this  place  almost  in  a  body  to  the  Genesee  country, 
N.Y.,  1793-6. 

Hardewyck,  Ottawa  Co.,  Mich.,  1880? 

Hardwick,  Warren  Co.,  N.J.,  1760.  Peppard,  Francis,  Presbyt.  (S.S.) 
1764;  Condict,  I.  supplied,  occasionally,  1787-93,  (Chitara,  1787-92, 
Wack,  C.  1792-1809,  also  Wack,  J.  J.  1798-1803,  Senn,  1795-1800), 
entered  R.D.C.  from  Ger.  Refd.  Ch.  181 1,  Force,  1811-16.  See  Knowl- 
ton  and  Stillwater,  N.J. 


THE    CHURCHES  643 

Hardy  Co.,  Va.,  1789.     (Miss,  station).     Jennings,  1789-92  became  Presbyt. 

Harlem.  1660,  see  New  York  City,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Harlem.    (Ger.),  1853,  see  New  York  City,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Harlem,  Mich.,  1904.  Classical  Missionary,  etc.,  1904.  Wynveen,  B.  1914- 
1918,  Wiersma,  F.  M.  1921 

Harlingen,  (Sourland,  Millstone),  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,  1727.  Frelinghuy- 
sen,  T.  J.  1729-48,  Frelinghuysen,  J.  1750-4,  (Arondeus,  Conferentie, 
1747-54),  Hardenbergh,  1758-61,  Van  Harlingen,  J.  M.  1762-95,  Smith, 
W.  R.  1795-1817,  Polhemus,  H.  1798-1808,  Labagh,  P.  1809-44,  Gard- 
ner, J.  44-81,  Gardner,  J.  S.  80-3,  Kip,  F.  M.  83-1902,  Walter,  A.  J. 
1902-1910,  Sahler,  W.  L.  1910 .     See  "Hoagland's  Hist.  Notes." 

Harlingen  2d.  1831.     Reorganized  as  Blawenberg,  1832. 

Harrington  Park,  N.J.,  1908.  Supplied  1908-1911,  Cox,  H.  M.  191 1-1916, 
Davis,  Wm.  E.    (S.S.)    1916-1917,  Adams,  Thomas   1917 

Harrison.  Douglas  Co.,  S.D.,  1883.  Stegeman,  A.  83-92,  Ziegeler,  94-1900, 
Straks,  1901 -1909,  Schipper,  Henry,  1909-1914,  DeBeer,  J.  1914 

Harrison,   see   Charles  Mix. 

Harrison,  Okl.,  1902.  Cheff,  P.  P.  1902,  Mulder,  T.  1903-1907.  Name 
dropped  1909. 

Hartsburg,  Logan  Co.,  111.,  1877.  Rodenberg,  1877.  Name  of  ch.  dropped, 
1881. 

Hasbrouck  Heights,  Bergen  Co.,  N.J.,  1893.    Shepard,  C.  I.  1893-1903,  Tulp, 

A.  P.  1904-1907,  Staats,  B.  B.  1907-1912,  Edson,  G.  C.  1912-1915,  Pock- 
man,  P.  T.  1916-1919,  Hoffman,  J.  E.  1920 

Hastings,  Westchester  Co.,  N.Y.,  1850.  Phelps,  50-9,  Quackenbush,  59-60, 
Johnson,  H.  H.  62-4,  Peck,  T.  R.  G.  64-82,  Curtis,  M.  M.  83-5,  Dumont, 
W.  A.  85-8,  Norris,  J.  A.  88-95,  Sigafoos,  1897-1904,  Campbell,  J.  I. 
1904-1905,  Thompson,  E.  W.  1906 

Hatley,  see  Forestville,  Wis. 

Havana,  Mason  Co.,  111..  1865.  Williamson,  N.  D.  (S.S.)  65-6,  Decker, 
67-72,  Seibert.  72-81,  Gilmore,  82-4,  Ziegler,  85-6,  Scudder,  F.  S.  90-3, 
Thompson,  E.  W.  95.  Scarlett,  G.  W.  95-1900,  Sonnema,  C.  J.  (S.S.) 
1901.     Dropped   1903. 

Havana,  Minn.,  see  Spring  Creek,  Minn. 

Hawthorne,  Paterson,  North  Paterson,  Passaic  Co.,  N.J.,  1895.  Conover, 
G.  M.  95-8,  Johnston,  W.  98-1900,  Grant,  J.  E.  1901-1906,  Vroom,  W. 
H.  (S.S.)    1909-1914,  Bloom,  W.  S.  1916-21,  Reeves,  J.  R.  1921 

Hawthorne.  N.Y.,  see  Unionville,  N.Y. 

Heeleyton,   1851,  see  Franklin,  Wis. 

Helderbergh,  Guilderland,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  1767.  Romeyn,  D.,  supplied 
occasionally,  87-93,  Van  Huysen,  H.  1793-1824,  Blair,  Miss,  to,  24, 
Hardenbergh.  J.  B.  24-5,  Blair,  25-30,  Bogardus,  N.  30-3,  Frazer,  35-8. 
Steele,  J.  B.  38-45.  Bailey,  45-7,  Davis,  W.  P.  48-51,  Van  Dyck,  L.  H. 
52-6.  Davis,  W.  P.  57-69,  Gamble,  70-85,  Voorhees,  H.  M.  86-9,  Staats, 

B.  B.  90-6,  Seibert,  G.  G.  1896-1906,  Luther,  M.  F.   1906-1909,  Winne, 

J.  E.  1909-191 1,  Moffet,  E.  O.  1912 .     See  "Voorhees'  Hist.  Ser.  in 

MSS.,"  1889. 

Hempstead.  L.  I.  1731.    See  Success  and  North  Hempstead,  L.I. 

Hempstead,  Secession,  (Kakiat),  1825.  Demarest,  J.  D.  1824-58,  De  Baun, 
J.  Y.  1856-60. 

Henderson,  1798. 

Henderson.  (Warren),  Herkimer  Co..  N.Y.,  1829.  Hangen,  30-2,  Noe,  35, 
De  Voe,  36-9,  Pepper,  40-5,  supplied  by  Hall,  D.  B.  47,  by  Whitbeck, 
J.  49-50,  Lord,  D.  51-6,  again,  60-4,  Compton,  71-4,  Lord,  D.  78-87, 
vacant  until  95,  name  dropped. 

Herkimer,  Herkimer  Co.,  N.Y.,  1723.  Probably  supplied  by  Weiss,  1735-42 
and  by  Roscncrantz,  1751-2.  Rosencrantz,  A.  1752-7  and  1759-96,  Pick, 
1798-1801,  Spinner,  1801-1841,  Murphy,  J.  1837-42,  again  1843-9,  Mead, 
50-59.  Gardner,  60-4,  Patrie,    (S.S.)   64-8,  Con.saul,  69-77,  Brokaw,  R. 


644  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

W.  77-'i2,  Cox,  82-90,  Gebhard,  I.  G.  91-1900,  Dyke,  C.  P.  1900-03, 
Dyke,  J.  1904,  Taylor,  C.  F.  (S.S.)  1905-08,  Brinckerhoff,  J.  H.  1908-17, 

Conklin,  W.  D.   1918 .     See  Doc.  Hist,  iii,  674,  686,  Cox  Hist,  of 

Herkimer,    Dailey   Hist.   CI.   of    Mont.,   56. 

Herkimer,  2d,  1824.  Centre,  Miss,  to,  24-5,  Ketcham,  Miss,  to,  26-7,  Boyd, 
Josh.,  Miss,  to,  27-8,  Morris,  J.,  Miss,  to,  28-9,  Snyder,  Miss,  to,  29-31, 
Pitcher,  J.  H.  2,2-},,  merged  in  Herkimer  ist,  1836.  See  Dailey  Hist. 
Montgomery  CI.,  121. 

Herman,  Minn.,  1914. 

Hicksville,  Queens  Co.,  N.Y.,  1883.  Gutweiler,  1884-1910,  Ottinger,  J.  C. 
1912-1918,  Emerick,  I.  P.  1918-1920. 

High  Bridge,  Hunterdon  Co.,  N.J.,  1866.  Wyckoff,  C.  (S.S.)  66-8,  pastor, 
68-9,  Van  Amburgh,  69-71,  Fehrman,  72-4,  Dean,  75-85,  Long,  86-8, 
Voorhees,  H.  M.  90-2,  Kip,  I.  L.  92-7,  Lawrence,  C.  L.  99-1902,  Van 
Zee,  C.  W.  1902-1903,  Voorhees,  O.  M.  1903-1909,  Conklin,  M.  T. 
1910-1915,  Reese,  D.  R.  1916 

High  Bridge,   1874,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  The  Bronx. 

High  Falls,  1807,  see  Clove,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y. 

Highland  Park,   1890,  see  New  Brunswick,  N.J. 

Highlands,  Monmouth  Co.,  N.J.,  1874.  Allen,  A.  W.  74-84,  supplied  by 
students  and  others,  84-92,  MacNair,  W.  92-5,  Zabriskie,  A.  A.  99-1900, 
Erler,  John  1902-1903.     Removed  from  roll  of  churches,  1906. 

High  Prairie,  ( Hooge  Prairie),  Cook  Co.,  111.,  organized  1849,  but  inde- 
pendent till  1852.    Bolks,  62-5,  Lepeltak,  65-70,  Koopman,  70-7. 

Highwood,  Bergen  Co.,  N.J.,  1900.  Sciple,  1900-1903,  Gardiner,  J.  C.  1903- 
1909,  Leiss,  S.  R.  1910-1913,  Frederick,  R.  (S.S.)  1913-15,  Von 
Schleider,  A.  (S.S.)  1915,  Dailey,  W.  N.  P.  (S.S.)  1916-1917,  Smith, 
B.  M.  (S.S.)   1918-20. 

High  Woods,  Saugerties,  Mt.  Marion,  N.Y.,  1912.  Gulick,  G.  W.  1912-1914, 
Seiple,  Wm.  H.  (S.S.)  1917,  Dickens,  Wm.  H.  1917-21,  Kerr,  J.  H. 
(S.S.)  1922 

Hillsborough,  (at  Millstone,  N.J.),  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,  1766.  Supplied  by 
Leydt,  J.,  Hardenbergh,  J.  R.,  and  Van  Harlingen,  J.  M.,  1766-74, 
Foering,  1774-9,  (called  to  preach  in  English),  church  chartered,  1775, 
Froeligh,  S.  1780-6,  Van  Harlingen,  J.  M.  1787-95,  Cannon,  1797-1807, 
Schureman,  1807-9,  Zabriskie,  John  L.  11-50,  DeWitt,  John,  50-63, 
Corwin,    E.   T.   63-88,    Shafer,   T.    1889-1904,    Ferwerda,    Floris,    1905- 

1912,  Hanson,  Andrew,  1913-1918,  Neander,  Jolin.  1918 .     See  "Cor- 

win's  Millstone  Centennial,"  1866,  and  "Corwin's  20th  Anniversary  Ser- 
mons," 1884. 

Hillsdale,  (Krum),  Columbia  Co.,  N.Y.,  1776.  Until  1800  the  Lutherans 
also  used  this  church  and  it  was  known  as  "The  Reformed  Lutheran 
Unity  Church."  Schuneman,  1776-1787,  Gebhard,  1783-1807,  Zabriskie, 
1808-1815,  Sluyter.  1816-25,  Wynkoop,  1825-40,  Himrod,  1842-3.  Dis- 
solved 185 1. 

Hingham,  Sheboygan  Co.,  Wis.,  1890.  Karsten,  90-3,  Zwemer,  F.  J.  1898- 
1903,  Swart,  Peter,  1904-1910,  Duven,  M.  J.  1911-1916,  Dykhuizen,  H. 

1917 

Hoboken,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1828. 

Hoboken,  Hudson  Co.,  N.J.,  1850.  (Ostrander,  H.,  Miss,  to,  22,  Abeel,  G., 
Miss,  to,  1824-8),  Gregory,  T.  B.,  Miss,  to,  50-4,  Parker,  C.  55-8,  Mann, 
58-61,  Parker.  C.  July-Nov.,  61,  Riddle,  M.  62-5,  Vroom,  W.  H.  65-7, 
Allen,  J.  K.  68-70,  Buck,  70-4,  Parker,  Chs.  74-9,  House,  79-87,  Man- 
chee,  (S.S.)  87-9,  Mattice,  H.  89-95,  Van  Arsdale,  N.  (S.S.)  96, 
Bluhm,  1897-1902,  Addy,  J.  G.  1903-04,  Ranson,  A.  A.  1904-1906,  Adams, 
W.  Ten  Eyck  1906-1910,  Peters,  J.  D.  1910 

Hoboken,  (Ger.),  1856.  Mohn,  56-85,  Freund,  87-8,  Rudolph,  1889-1920, 
Wettstein,  A.  Q.  1921 

Hoboken,  see  West  Hoboken. 


THE    CHURCHES  645 

Hohokus,  Bergen  Co.,  NJ.,  1872.    Jongeneel,  Miss,  to,  1871-3. 
Hohokus.  Bergen  Co.,  N.J.,  1914.     Terhune,  J.A.   (S.S.)    1914 

Holland,  Ottawa  Co.,  Mich.;    churches  in: 

1.  First,  organized  in  the  Neths.,  1847,  and  came  to  America,  as  a  Church. 
United  with  R.C.A.  1850.  Van  Raalte,  47-67,  Rieters,  69-79,  Steffens, 
N.  M.  83-4,  supplied,  84-91,  Van  Houte,  Jac.  91-1900,  Van  der  Werf, 
S.  1902-1905,  Veldman.  H.  J.  1906-1919,  Wayer,  James,  1919 

2.  Hope  Church,  1862.  Stewart,  A.  T.  66-77,  Van  Pelt,  78-83,  Jones,  T. 
W.  83-8.  Bergen,  J.  T.  89-92,  Birchby,  92-9,  Bergen,  J.  T.  (S.S.)  1900- 
1906.  Vandcr  Meulen,  J.  M.  1907-1909,  Niles,  E.  1910-1911,  Bruske, 
A.  F.   (S.S.)   1912-1916,  Cheff,  P.  P.  1918 

3.  Third,  1867.  Van  der  Meulen,  Jac.  C.  68-71,  Utterwick,  72-80,  Broek, 
D.  80-8,  Dosker,  H.  E.  89-94,  Dubbink,  95-1904,  Blekkink,  E.  J.  1905- 

1912,  Flipse,  M.  1914-20.  Martin,  J.  M.  1921 .     See  Hist.  Sketch  by 

Dubbink. 

4.  Ebenezer,  1867.  Kuyper,  A.  C.  67-77,  Dosker,  H.  E.  79-82,  Gronveld, 
82-3.  Meulendyke,  Josias,  83-4,  Vander  Meulen,  John,  84-91,  John, 
C.  C.  A.  L.  91-2,  Pietenpol,  92-5,  Vandermeulen,  John,  1895-1902,  Tekol- 
ste.  Garret.  1902-1903,  Wayer,  James,  1904-1907,  Meengs,  Ph.  G.  1908- 
1911,   Dykstra.   L.    1912-1913,   Meeter,   J.    1913-1914,    Strabbing,   A.   H. 

1915 

5.  Fourth,  1896.  De  Jonge,  A.  W.  1898-1903,  Wolvius,  Wm.  1903-1907, 
Lumkes  ,J.  M.  1908-1911,  Bouma,  P.  A.  J.  1911-1913,  Broekstra,  M.  E. 
1914-1918,  Heemstra,  J.  F.  1919 

6.  Gelderland,  1899.  De  Jonge,  B.  1900-1902,  Karsten,  J.  H.  (S.S.)  1903- 
1905,  Hoekje,  John  (S.S.)  1908-1909,  Teves,  J.  (S.S.)  1911-1912.  Name 
dropped  191 4. 

7.  Trinity,  191 1.     Van  Peursem,  John  1912-1918.  Dame.  C.  1918-21. 

8.  Sixth,  1916.    Bruggers,  J.  H.  1919 

Holland,  see  Twin  Lakes.  Mich. 

Holland,  Mich. 

Graapschap,  1850,  see  Graapschap. 
North,  1853,  see  North  Holland. 
Harlem,  1904.  see  Harlem,  Mich. 

Holland,  see  Albany,  N.Y. 

Holland,  see  Cedar  Grove,  Wis. 

Holland,  see  Churchville,  Minn. 

Holland,  Lancaster  Co.,  Neb.,  1870.  TeWinkle,  71-6,  Huizenga,  J.  76-91, 
Van  Duine.  1892-1900,  DeBey,  D.  J.  1900-1909,  Rozendal,  A.  1909-1912, 
Roetman,  Z.  1912 — — 

Holland,  see  Little  Falls,  N.J. 

Holland.  2d,  Neb..  1873-1885. 

Holland,  see  Clifton,  N.J. 

Holland,  see  Passaic,  N.J. 

Holland,  see  Paterson.  N.  J.    First,  Second.  Sixth,  Union  Reformed. 

Holland,  see  Vanden  Burg,  S.D., 

Holland,  sec  Wortendyke.  N.J. 

Holmdcl.  (Middletown,  Neversink),  Monmouth  Co..  N.J.,  1699.  See  Free- 
hold, N.J.  Supplied  by  Lupardus,  Antonides  and  Freeman,  1699-1709, 
Morgan,  1709-31,  Haeghoort.  1731-5,  Erickzon,  1736-64,  Du  Bois,  B. 
1764-1825,  Van  Vranken,  S.  A.  17-26,  Beekman,  26-36,  Thompson, 
F.  B.   (S.S.)   37-8,  Reiley.  W.  39-87.  Hageman,  A.  87-93,  Wyckoff,  G. 

1894-1909,  Bacdcr,  F.   N.    191C-14.  MacNair.  Wilmcr   1914 .     This, 

though  a  separate  congregation,  was  6ne  ecclesiastical  body  with  Free- 
hold 1st  until  1825.    The  name  Holmdel  was  assumed  in  1867. 

Honey  Creek,  1855,  now  Raritan,  111. 

Hong-san,  1870,  see  China. 


646  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Hooge  Prairie,  1852,  see  High  Prairie,  111. 

Hooker,  1882,  see  Van  den  Berg,  S.D. 

Hope,  Big  Timber,  Mont.,  191 1.  Classical  Missionary,  1911-1912,  Duven, 
Wm.  (S.S.)  1913-1917,  Kroodsma,  R.  (S.S.)  1917-1919,  Van  der 
Schoor,  C.  1921 

Hope,  George,  Lyon  Co.,  la.,  1892.  Bollenbacker,  93,  Niemeyer,  H.  94-S, 
Janssen,  W.  T.  96-9,  Schiniicker,  1899-1902,  Ziegler,  L.  1902-1917,  Pop- 
pen,  O.  G.  1918- 

Hope,  Grand  Rapids,  1912-1913.     Perhaps  a  clerical  error. 

Hope,  1862,  see  Holland  2d,  Mich. 

Hope,  (LaGrace,  Westfield),  Emmons  Co.,  now  Campbell  Co.,  N.D.,  1885. 
Zwemer,  F.  J.  87-9,  Vander  Meulen,  Jac.  89-90,  Zwemer,  F.  J.  90-2, 
Harmeling,  S.  J.  93-4,  classical  missionary,  94-7,  Dykema,  1897-1902, 
Braak,  Peter  1902-1905,  Lammers,  B.  W.  1905-1910,  Schilstra,  E.  S. 
1910-1913,  Menning,  G.  1914-1917,  Dykstra,  J.  D.  1918-21,  Douwstra, 
R.  D.  1921 

Hope,  Sheboygan,  Sheboygan  Co.,  Wis.,  1891.  Classical  missionary,  91-4, 
Sietsema,  94-8,  Siegers,  1901-1909,  Strabbing,  A.  H.  1910-1915,  Ruisaard, 
M.  C.  1916-21. 

Hope,  see  West  Hoboken,  N.J. 

Hope  Mission,  see  Detroit. 

Hopewell,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y.,  1757.  Rysdyck,  1765-89,  Blauvelt,  I.  1783- 
90,  Van  Vranken,  N.  1791-1804,  Barcalo,  1805-10,  De  Witt,  T.  12-26, 
Whitehead,  28-35,  Polhemus,  A.  35-57,  Cobb,  O.  E.  57-72,  Taylor, 
G.  73-80,  Polhe'mus,  C.  H.  80-91,  Clapp,  1892-1903,  Bird,  Addison,  C. 
1904-1910,  Service,  Wm.  A.   1911-1919,  Burner,  Wm.  A.   1921 

Horse  Neck,  now  Fairfield. 

Horton  Memorial,  Shawnee,  Okl.,  1907.  Harper,  R.  H.  1907,  Conklin,  M. 
T.  1905-1910.    Disbanded  1911. 

Hortonville,  Sullivan  Co.,  N.Y.,  1875. 

Hospers,  Sioux  Co.,  la.,  1886.  Dangremond,  G.  (S.S.)  88-90,  Van  der  Kam, 
92-4,  Te  Grootenhuis,  D.  J.  95-1900,  Te  Selle,  1900-1905,  Riepma,  S. 
F.  1905-1908,  Douwstra,  G.  H.  1908 .     See  Newkirk. 

Howard  Prairie,  Sheboygan  Co.,  Wis.,  1885? 

Howe's  Cave,  Schoharie  Co.,  N.Y.,  1808  (formerly  Schoharie  Mt.  in  East 
Cobleskill).  Quaw,  1834-6,  Scribner,  (S.S.)  47-8,  Vedder,  E.  55-63, 
Markle,  (S.S.)  72-5,  Millspaugh,  76-8,  Buckelew,  79-86,  Beekman, 
T.  A.  89-93,  Lipes,  94-5,  Jongenell,  Jas.  95-9,  Voegelin,  1900-1904,  Hage- 
man,  P.  K.  (S.S.)  1904-1906,  Benson,  C.  H.  1908-1910,  Simpson,  Wm. 
E.  1910-1915,  Amerman,  J.  L.  1915-1920. 

Howe's  Cave,  Second,  Howe  Cave,  N.Y.,  (Central  Bridge),  N.Y.,  1906. 
Moffatt,  E.  O.  1906-1912,  Morehouse,  H.  C.  1912 

Hudson,  Columbia  Co.,  N.Y.,  1835.  Fisher,  G.  H.  36-41,  Gosman,  41-53, 
Demarest,  D.  D.  53-65,  Holmes,  J.  McC.  65-77,  McLeod,  78-9,  Smith, 
W.  80-5,  Gleason,  86-9,  Schenck,  F.  S.  90-7,  Park,  C.  1898-1914,  Martin, 
J.  M.  1915-21,  Murphy,  J.  H.  1921 

Hudson,  see  Greenport,  N.Y. 

Hudson,  Hungarian,  1913.  Hamory,  L.  S.  H.  1913-1916,  Von  Pompl,  Ru- 
dolph, 1916-1918.     Disbanded  1918. 

Hudson  City,  1846,  see  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Hudson  City,   (Ger.),  1853,  see  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Hudson  City,  2d,  (Ger.),  1859,  see  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Hudsonville,  Mich.,  1912.    Supplied  1912.    Dolfin,  C.  1919. 

Hudsonville,  Mich.     See  Jamestown,  First.    North  Blendon,  South  Blendon. 

Huguenot,  Huguenot  Park,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Richmond. 

Hull,  Pattersonville,  Sioux  Co.,  la.,  1885.  Lammers,  89-92,  Kriekaard,  C. 
93-6,  Broekstra,  97-1900,  Koster,  S.  E.  1900-1905,  Dejonge,  A.  W.  1905- 
1913,  Bouma,  P.  A.  J.  1914-1919,  Kregel,  J.  H.  1919 

Hull,  Emmons  Co.,  S.D.,  1889.  Zwemer,  F.  J.  89-92,  Harmeling,  S.  J.  93-4. 
Disbanded  1894. 


THE    CHURCHES  647 

Hull,  la.,  American  Reformed,  191 1.  Douma,  J.  W.  1911-1914,  DuBois,  A. 
A.  1916-1917,  Nies,  M.  G.  1919-1920.     Disbanded. 

Hull,  la.,  American,  1921.     Dykstra,  J.  D.  1921 

Hungarian,  see  Chicago,  111.,  West  Side.  Flemington,  N.J.,  Hudson,  N.Y., 
Manville,  N.J.,  Peekskill,  N.Y.,  Poughkeepsie,  N.Y. 

Hurley,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1801.  Smith.  T.  G.  1801-8,  Gosman,  1808-11, 
Ostrander,  H.  11-14,  Carle,  14-25,  Van  Keuren,  26-34,  Mason,  J.  (S.S.) 
34-6,  Reiley,  Wm.  36-9,  Harriman,  39-40,  Elmendorf,  A.  40-3,  Cruik- 
shank,  J.  C.  43-50,  Lippincott,  50-66,  Harris,  67-78,  Lockwood,  L.  J. 
79-81,  Wyckoff,  D.  B.  81-7,  Searle,  S.  T.  87-96,  Von  Schlieder,  A.  1896- 
1903.  Vyverberg,  H.  J.  1904-1911,  Durfee,  J.  F.  1913-1920,  French,  L.  H. 

1920 .    "Col.  Docs.,  N.Y."  ii.  592,  Centennial,  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  July  10, 

1901. 

Hurley,  see  Marbletown. 

Hyde  Park,  (Stoutsburgh),  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y.,  1792.  Brower,  C.  1794- 
1812,  Wynkoop,  P.  S.  17-22,  Vanderveer,  F.  H.  23-9,  Cahoone,  29-33, 
Westfall,  S.  V.  E.  34-7,  Cruikshank,  J.  C.  37-43,  Elm.endorf,  A.  43-8, 
Ten  Eyck,  48-53.  Dater,  53-77,  Garretson,  G.  R.  77-80,  Blauvelt,  C.  R. 
80-3,  Kavanaugh,  83-4,  Shaw,  J.  F.  86-93,  Harris,  J.  F.  93-8,  Gaston, 
Jos.  1898-1899,  Hamlin,  H.  F.  1901-1907,  Ficken,  H.  C.  1907-1917,  Clapp, 

E.  (S.S.)    1917-1918.  Randolph.  E.  T.  F.   1919 

Hyde  Park.  East  Orange,  N.J.,  1904.     Fisher,  Orville  E.  1905-1907,  Pullan, 

F.  B.  1908-1914,  Stube.  C.  F.  1914-1915,  Dykema,  James,  1915-19,  Hal- 
lenbeck,  C.  A.  1920-21,  Bishop.  E.  H.  1922 

Ilion.   Herkimer  Co.,   N.Y.,    1862.     Petrie,  63-8.     Became   Presbyterian. 

Immanuel.  Perkins.  Springfield.  Bonhomme  Co..  S.D.,  1888.  Zwemer,  F.  J, 
88-9,  again,  91-2.  Harmeling,  S.  J.  93-4,  Classical  missionary,  94-8, 
Heemstra.  98-9,  Stegeman,  W.  1900-1904,  Schipper,  H.  1905-1909,  Stege- 
man,  Mannes  A.  10,10-1914.  Tietema,  J.  H.  1914-1919,  Brink,  J.  W. 
1919 

Immanuel.  1884.  Belmond,  see  Emmanuel,  la. 

Immanuel.  see  Chicago,  111. 

Immanuel  Mission,  see  Chicago,  111. 

Immanuel,  see  Grand  Rapid,  Mich. 

Immanuel,  see  Roseland,  111. 

Immanuel,  see  Seattle,  Wash. 

Immanuel.  see  Willow  Lakes.  S.D. 

Immanuel,  see  Emmanuel. 

India — Mission  Field. 

I.  Ceylon,  at   Pandeteripo,    1819.     Rev.  John   Scudder,   M.D.    1819-1838. 

Mrs.  John  Scudder  1819-1839. 

II.  Madras.   1839.     Rev.  John  Scudder,  M.D.  1839-1842,  again  1848-1853. 

Mrs.  John  Scudder  1839-1842,  again  1848-1853. 
Madura.  1846.  Rev.  John  Scudder.  M.D.  1846-1848.  Mrs.  John  Scud- 
der 1846-1848.  Rev.  H.  M.  Scudder  1851-1853.  Mrs.  Fanny 
(Lewis)  Scudder  1851-1853.  Rev.  W.  W.  Scudder  1852-1853.  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  O.  (Knight)  Scudder  1852-1853.  Rev.  Joseph  Scudder 
1853.    Mrs.  Sarah  A.  (Chamberlain)  Scudder  1853. 

III.  Indian  Archipelago. 
I.  Borneo.   1840-1849.     Karangan.   Pontianak.   Sambas. 


2.  Java,  1 830- 1 842. 

3.  Siam,  1831-1841. 


MISSIONARIES. 


.  Appointed.    Retired. 

Rev.  David  Abeel    1829        1842* 

Rev.  Ehhu  Doty  1836         1844* 


648  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 


1836 

1844* 

i«36 

1843 

1836 

1843 

1836 

1849 

1836 

1849 

1836 

1839 

1836 

1840 

1836 

1840 

1838 

1844* 

1838 

1844* 

1838 

i847t 

1838 

i839t 

1840 

i844t 

1840 

1842 

1840 

1842 

1840 
1842 

i842t 
1849 

Mrs.  Elihu  Doty 

Rev.  Elbert  Nevius   

Mrs.  Elbert  Nevius  

Rev.  William  Youngblood  

Mrs.  William  Bloodgood    

Miss  Azubah  C.  Condict  

Rev.  Jacob  Ennis  

Mrs.   (Haines)  Ennis  

Rev.  William  J.  Pohlman   

Mrs.  Theodosia  R.    (Scudder)    Pohlman   

Rev.  Frederic  B.  Thomson  

Mrs.   (Wyckoff)  Thomson   

Mrs.  Emma  Cecilia  (Combe)  Thomson 

Rev.  Wm.  Theodore  Van  Doren   

Mrs.  Wm.  T.  Van  Doren    

Rev.  Isaac  P.  Stryker 

Rev.  William  H.  Steele  

♦Went  to  China.    fDied. 

See  "Anderson's  Hist.  Missions  of  A.B.C.F.M.  in  India,"  pp.  236-240; 
also  index  under  the  words,  Ceylon,  East  India  Co.,  India,  Southern,  and 
Scudder,  and  Part  One,  Chapter  on  Foreign  Missions  of  this  work. 

IV.     Arcot. 

This  mission  wSs  organized  in  1853.  Its  area  is  about  the  size  of  the 
State  of  New  Jersey,  with  a  population  according  to  the  census  of 
1910  of  2,700,000.  Tamil  is  the  general  language  of  the  North  and 
South  Arcot  Districts ;  Telugu  is  the  general  language  of  the  Chit- 
toor  District  and  the  contiguous  portions  of  the  Mysore  State. 

A  list  of  the  churches  in  chronological  order  is  printed  in  the  1902 
edition  of  the  Manual,  pp.  974-976.  Since  the  transfer  of  the  Classis 
of  Arcot  to  the  Synod  of  the  South  India  United  Church  in  1902 
these  churches  no  longer  constitute  a  part  of  the  Reformed  Church. 

The  stations  in  which  missionaries  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  Amer- 
ica reside  and  the  dates  of  their  opening  are  as  follows : 

Ranipettai    1853 

Chittoor    1853 

Vellore    1853 

Arni    1853 

Coonoor    1857 

Palmaner    1859 

Madanapalle    1863 

Tindivanam    1875 

Punganur    1908 

Katpadi    1912 

MISSIONARIES  OF  THE  REFORMED  CHURCH  IN  AMERICA  TO 
THE  ARCOT  MISSION,  INDIA. 


Rev.  Henry  Martyn  Scudder,  M.D.,  D.D. 

Mrs.  Fanny    (Lewis)    Scudder    

Rev.   William  W.    Scudder,   D.D 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  O.  (Knight)  Scudder 

Mrs.  Frances  Ann  (Rousseau)   Scudder  . . 

Miss  Harriet  Scudder 

Rev.  Joseph  Scudder    


Joined 

Retired 

the 

from  the 

Mission. 

Mission. 

1851 

1864 

185 1 

1864 

1852 

1895* 

1852 

1854* 

1858 

1895 

1854 

1856 

1853 

i860 

THE    CHURCHES 


649 


Mrs.  Sarah  A.   (Chamberlain)    Scudder   1853  i860 

Rev.  Jared  W.  Scudder,  M.D.,  D.D 1855  IQIO* 

Mrs.  JuHa  C.  (Goodwin)   Scudder  i855  I9I3 

Rev.  Ezekiel  C.  Scudder,  M.D.,  D.D 1855  1876 

Mrs.   Sarah  R.    (Tracy)    Scudder    1855  i»70 

Miss  Louisa  Scudder    i855  i»Di 

Rev.  Joseph  Mayou  ^85»  i»70 

Mrs.  Margaret  (Shultz)   Mayou  i»5»  i»70 

Rev.  Jacob  Chamberlain,  M.D.,  D.D.,  LL.D 1859  I908* 

Mrs.  Charlotte  C.    (Birge)    Chamberlain   i»59  I9i5 

Rev.   Silas  D.   Scudder,  M.D i860  1874* 

Mrs.  Marianne    (Conover)    Scudder    i860  i«74 

Rev.  John  Scudder,  M.D.,  D.D 1861  1900* 

Mrs.  Sophia  (Weld)   Scudder  1861 

Miss  Martha  T.   Mandeville    1869  i»»i 

Miss  Josephine  Chapin    1869  i»74 

Rev.  Enne  J.  Heeren 1872  1877 

Mrs.  Aleida  M.   (Vennema)   Heeren   1872  i877 

Rev.  John  H.  Wyckoff,  D.D.   (1874-1886)    1892  I9i5* 

Mrs.  Emmeline  J.   L.    (Bonney)    Wyckoff    1876  1886* 

Mrs.  Gertrude  E.  (Chandler)  Wyckoff  1892  1918* 

Henry  Martyn  Scudder,  Jr.,  M.D 1876  i»»3 

Mrs.  Bessie  M.   (Scudder)   Scudder   1876  1882 

Miss  Julia  C.  Scudder i879 

Rev.  John  W.  Conklin  1881  1891 

Mrs.  Jane  Elizabeth  (Lindsley)   Conklin   1881  1891 

Rev.  Lambertus  Hekhuis,  M.D 1881  i8«a 

Rev.  Ezekiel  C.   Scudder,  Jr.    (1882-1901)    1904  I9i9* 

Mrs.  Minnie  E.  (Pitcher)  Scudder  1882  1883 

Mrs.  Mabel   (Jones)    Sc^idder   (1889-1901)    1904  1918 

Miss  M.  Kitty  Scudder   1884  I9I5 

Rev.  William  I.   Chamberlain    1887  1900 

Mrs.  Mary  E.  ( Anable)  Chamberlain 1891  1900 

Rev.  Lewis  R.  Scudder,  M.D.,  D.D 1888 

Mrs.  Ethel  T.  (Fisher)  Scudder  1888 

Miss  Ida  S.  Scudder,  M.D.  ( 1890-94)    1899 

Rev.  Henry  J.  Scudder   (1890-94)    1897 

Mrs.  Margaret   (Booraem)    Scudder   1897 

Rev.  Lewis  B.  Chamberlain 1891  I9i5 

Mrs.  Julia  (Anable)   Chamberlain   1897  I9IS 

Miss  Lizzie  von  Bergen  i893  1901 

Rev.  James  A.  Beattie   i893  I9i5* 

Mrs.  Margaret   (Dall)    Beattie   1893  1921 

Miss  Louisa  H.  Hart,  M.D 1895 

Rev.   Henry   Huizinga    1896         1899 

Mrs.  Susan  (Antvelink)   Huizinga   1896         1899 

Rev.  Wm.  H.  Farrar  i897 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  (Walther)   Farrar   1897 

Rev.  Walter  T.  Scudder i899 

Mrs.  Ellen  (Bartholomew)   Scudder,  M.D 1899 

Miss  Annie  E.  Hancock  1899 

Miss  Alice    B.   Van   Doren    1903 

Miss  Lillian  M.  Hart   I904        1907 

Mr.  Arthur  C.  Cole   1905         I9i5 

Mrs.  Anna   M.    (Paddock)    Cole 1905         I9i5 

Miss  Henrietta  Wynckoop  Drury   1906 

Rev.    Henry    Honcgger     1907         1914" 

Mrs.  Lavina  M.  (DuMond)  Honegger  1910 

Miss    Lilv    Stanes    I9C7         1909 


650 


THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 


Miss  Margaret  N.  Levick,  M.  D 

Rev.  Bernard  Rottschafer    

Mrs.  Bernice  M.  (Takken)  Rottschafer 

Miss  Margaret  Rottschafer   

Miss  Sarella  TeWinkel   

Miss  Josephine  V.  TeWinkel 

Bert   W.   Roy,    M.D 

Mrs.  Nellie  (Benyerl)  Roy 

Rev.  John  R.  Duffield  

Mrs.  Litta   (Campbell)    Duffield   

Rev.   Joseph   Sizoo    

Mrs.  Dorothy  A.  (Scheirer)  Sizoo 

Rev.  John  H.  Warnshuis  

Mrs.  Lillian   (Cook)    Warnshuis,  M.D. . 

Mr.  Francis  Marmaduke  Potter   

Mrs.  Elsie   (Burroughs)    Potter   

Miss  Hilda  M.  Pollard,  M.D 

Mr.  John  D.  Muyskens 

Mr.  Mason  Olcott  

Rev.   Charles   F.   Stube    

Miss  Charlotte  C.  Wyckoff   

Miss  Elisabeth  W.  Conklin  

Rev.  Lambertus   Hekhuis    

Mrs.  Jennie  (Immink)   Hekhuis   

Rev.  Herbert  E.  Van  Vranken 

Mrs.  Nellie  (Smallegan)  Van  Vranken  . 

Rev.  John  C.  VanWyk  

Mrs.  Amelia  (Menning)  Van  Wyk  .... 

Miss   Wilhelmina    Noordyk 

Mr.    Cornelius    R.    Wierenga    

Miss  Clara  M.  Coburn   

Galen    Fisher    Scudder,    M.D 

Miss  Ruth  Lawsing  Scudder 

Miss  Maude  Sophia  Scudder 

Rev.  Knud  Lange    

Mrs.  Henrietta  W.  (Drury)  Lange 

Rev.   James   H.   Potter    

Mrs.  Helen   (Beardslee)    Potter    

Mr.  Irwin  J.  Lubbers   

Rev.   John   G.    Gebhard,   Jr 

Mrs.  Helen  (Fairchild)   Gebhard  

Miss  Matilda  L.  Berg   

Mr.  John  DeValois  

Mrs.  Henrietta  (Hofland)  DeValois  . . . 

Miss  Alice  E.  Smallegan  

Mr.  Chris  Dejonge  

Mr.  Garrett  Vander  Borgh   

Mr.   Martin   DeWolf    


1908 

I9IO 

1909 

I9I0 

1909 

1909 

1909 
1909 
1909 

I9I8 
I9I8 

I9IO 

I9I3 

I9IO 

I9I2 

I9IO 

I9II 

I9I0 

IQII* 

I9I3 

I9I3 

I9I3 

1917 

I9I5 
I9I3 

1917 
1916 

I9I5 

1919 

I9I5 

1917 

I9IS 

1917 

I9I5 

I9IS 

I9I6 
I9I6 

I9I7 

I9I7 

I9I7 

1919 

I9I7 

1919 

I9I7 

I9I7 
I9I8 

1920 

I9I9 

I9I9 

I9I9 

I9I9 

1922 

I9I9 

1922 

I9I9 

I9I9 

I9I9 

I9I9 

I9I9 

I9I9 

1920 

1920 

1920 

1920 

1920 

I92I 

*Died. 

Indianapolis,  Ind.,  191 1.  Supplies.  Laman,  A.  T.  1912-1914,  Pettersson, 
H.  M.  1914-1916.     Supplies.     Meulendyke,  J.   (S.S.)    1919-21. 

Indian  Castle,  (Danube),  Herkimer  Co.,  N.Y.,  1769.  Supplied  by  neigh- 
boring pastors.    Ketchum,  Miss,  to,  1823. 

Indian  Castle,  Herkimer  Co.,  N.Y.,  1861.  Stanbrough,  1861-76.  See  Dailey 
Hist,  of  Montgomery  Classis,  121. 

Indians,  American,  Miss,  to,  Megapolensis,  J.  1642-9,  Freeman,  1700-5, 
Lydius,  1702-9,  (Barclay,  Epis.,  1709-10),  Dellius,  1683-99.  "Ecc.  Rec. 
N.Y.,"  many  allusions;    "Anderson's  Hist.  Col.  Church,"  3  vols.     "Doc. 


THE    CHURCHES  65I 

Hist.  N.Y."  i.  269;  iii.  19,  20,  538,  540,  541,  551-2,  561-2,  566,  613- 
621,  628,  697.  See  also  Oklahoma;  Colony;  Columbian  Memorial 
church,  and  Fort  Sill  Apache  Mission. 

Ingham's  Mills,  see  Manheim. 

[nterlaken,  Seneca  Co.,  N.Y.,  1830.  (Until  about  1906  Farmer  Village). 
Gregory,  O.  H.  1831-8,  Bassler,  1838-66,  Brush,  W.  W.  1866-8,  Zabris- 
kie,  A.  A.  1868-9,  Forsyth,  J.  C.  1870-75,  Furbeck,  P.  1875-81,  Nash- 
olds,   1882-87,  Palmer,  F.  W.   1888-93,  Van  Arsdale,  E.   B.   1893-1916, 

Seibert,  George  G.  1916-21,  Van  Wagenen,  R.  D.  1922 .     See  Dailey 

Hist.  Montgomery  Classis,  59. 

Inwood,  la.,  1912.  Classical  Missionary,  1912.  Niehaus,  H.  H.  1913-14, 
Muilenburg,  H.  S.  1916 

Inwood,  N.Y.,  see  Far  Rockaway,  N.Y. 

Ireton,  la.,  1913.     Stegeman,  Wm.  1915-1919,  Reinhart,  H.  E.  1920 

Irving  Park,  1874,  see  Chicago,  111. 

Irvington,  (Clintonville,  Camptown),  Essex  Co.,  N.J.,  1840.  Staats,  J.  A. 
40-1,  Chapman,  J.  L.  42-9,  Bruen,  J.  M.  50-2,  Taylor,  A.  B.  52-5, 
McKelvey,  A.  58-60,  Vehslage,  61-94,  Chrestensen,  94-6,  Wyckoff, 
C.  E.  96-1901,  Lawrence,  C.  L.  1902-1903,  McClinchie,  Uriah  1904-1919, 
Leggett,  L.  G.  1919 .     See  Christian  Intelligence,  Feb.  14,  1900. 

Irvington,  Second,  N.J.,  1916.  Moore,  George,  Jr.  1917-1920,  Condit,  C.  B. 
1920 

Italian,  Beacon,  N.Y.,  see  Beacon. 

Italian,  Hackensack,  see  Hackensack. 

Italian,  Kensington,  see  Chicago. 

Italian,  Mt  .Olivet,  see   Newark. 

Italian,  see  Newburgh,  N.Y. 

Italian,  see  Englewood,  N.J. 

Italian,  see  Weehawken,  N.J. 

Itamarca,  1635,  see  Brazil,  S.A. 

Ithaca,  Tompkins  Co.,"N.Y.,  1830.  Mann,  31-7,  Hoes,  37-45,  Henry,  46-9, 
Bulkley,  51-2,  Elmendorf,  J.  53-S,  Schenck,  J.  W.  55-63,  Zabnskie, 
F.  N.  64-6,  Strong,  T.  C.  66-71.  (Became  Congregational,  1872.  See 
Christian  Intelligencer,  Sept.  3,  1902. 

Jackson,  Washington  Co.,  N.Y.,   1833.     Stewart,  J.  W.  34-6,   Pitcher,  W. 

37-9,  Quick,  J.  J.  40-43,  Pitcher,  J.  H.  43-52.     See  Biog.  and  Gen.  Rec. 

N.Y.,  Buskirk. 
Jamaica,  1702,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Queens. 
Jamaica,   (St.  Paul's),  1876,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Queens. 
Jamestown,  Forest  Grove,  Hudsonville,  Ottawa  Co.,  Mich.,  1869.     Vander- 

meulen,  John,  75-85,  Wormser,  Wm.  87-9,  John,  C.  C.  A.  91-2,  Lammers, 

1892-1903,  Cheff,   P.   P.   1905-1910,  Broekstra,   M.   E.    1911-1914,  Boer, 

Nicholas  1916-1918,  Vander  Linden,  G.   1919 ■ 

Jamestown,  2nd,   1889.     Poppen,  94-5,  Schilstra,  E.  S.   1896-1900,  Boer,  N. 

1900-1903,  Steuenberg,  Jolin   1904-1907,  Dykhuizen,  H.   1907-1910,  Van 

Westenburg,    J.    1911-1913,    Hankamp,    G.    1913-21,    Van    Zomeren,    J. 

1 92 1 -2,  Walvoord,  Wm.  1922 

'  Jamesville,  Onondaga  Co.,  N.Y.,   1833.     Evans,  E.    1836,  Amerman,  T,  A. 

1839-40. 
Japan.     Mission  Field. 

The  Japan  Mission  was  begun  in  1859.  In  1889  the  Nagasaki  Station  was 
made  an  independent  Mission,  to  be  known  as  "The  South  Japan  Mission," 
the  other  stations  became  known  as  "The  North  Japan  Mission."  In  1917 
the  two  missions  were  reunited  as  one  organization  .  Some  of  the  most 
northern  stations  were  transferred  in  1917  to  the  Mission  of  the  Reformed 
Church  in  the  United  States.  Most  of  the  work  of  the  Mission  now  is  in 
the  .southern  part  of  the  country  on  the  Island  of  Kyushiu. 

On  October  3d,  1877,  the  missionaries  and  Japanese  ministers  of  the 
Reformed  Church  united  with  the  ministers  of  the  Missions  of  the  American 


652  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Presbyterian,  and  the  United  Presbyterian  Church  of  Scotland  and  consti- 
tuted "The  United  Church  of  Christ  in  Japan."  As  the  work  of  these 
missions  resuUs  in  self  supporting  churches,  these  are  transferred  to  this 
Japanese  Church,  and  it  is  therefore  impossible  to  give  any  list  of  churches 
or  ministers,  as,  with  the  exception  of  some  preaching  stations,  they  do  not 
belong  distinctively  to  the  Reformed  Church  Mission. 

The  stations  in  which  the  missionaries  of  the  Reformed  Church  in  Amer- 
ica reside,  and  the  dates  of  their  opening  and  in  some  cases  of  their  closing, 
are  as  follows  :■ — 

Kanagawa   (Now  Nagasaki)    1859 

Nagasaki    1859 

Yokohama 1863 

Tokyo   1869 

Niigata 1869-1870 

Uyeda 1876-1917 

Morioka    1888-1917 

Aomori    1894-1917 

Kagoshima    1893 

Saga   1895 

Nagano    1897-1917 

Kumamoto    1901-1904 

Oita    1910 

Matsumoto    1912-1917 

Shimonoseki   . .  .  r 1914 

Fukuoka    1915 

Kurume   1915 

JAPAN  MISSION 

Went  Out  Retired 

Rev.   S.  R.   Brown,   D.D 1859  1879* 

Mrs.  S.  R.  Brown   1859  1879 

Rev.  G.  F.  Verbeck 1859  1898* 

Mrs.  Maria  (Manion)  Verbeck 1859  1898 

D.  B.  Simmons,  M.D 1859  i860 

Mrs.  D.  B.  Simmons  1859  i860 

Rev.  James  H.  Ballagh,  D.D 1861  1920* 

Mrs.  Margaret   (Kinnear)   Ballagh   1861  1909* 

Rev.    Henry    Stout    1869  1905* 

Mrs.  Elizabeth  ( Provost)   Stout  1869  1902* 

Rev.  C.  H.  H.  Wolff  1871  1876 

Mrs.  L.  (Buboc)  Wolflf  1871  1876 

Mrs.  S.  K.  M.  Hequembourg  1872  1874 

Miss  Emma  C.  Witbeck  1874  1882 

Rev.  E.  Rothesay  Miller  1875  1915* 

Mrs.  Mary  E.  (Kidder)  Miller  1869  1910* 

Rev.  J.  L.  Amerman,  D.D 1876  1893 

Mrs.   Rebecca    (Ely)    Amerman    1876  1893 

Miss  E.  F.  Farrington   1878  1879 

Miss  M.  J.  Farrington  1878  1879 

Miss  Harriet  L.  Winn   1878  1887 

Rev.  Eugene  S.  Booth,  D.D 1879 

Mrs.  Emilie    ( Stelle)    Booth    1879  1917* 

Mrs.    Florence    (Dick)    Booth    (1912-1915) 1919 

Miss  Carrie  Ballagh   1881  1885 

Prof.  Martin  N.  Wyckoff ,  ScD 1881  191 1* 

Mrs.  Anna   (Baird)    Wyckoff    1881  1920* 

Miss  M.  Leila  Winn  1882  1920 

Rev.  N.  H.  Demarest    ( 1883-1890)    1912  1914 


THE    CHURCHES 


653 


Mrs.  Annie  (Strong)  Demarest 

Rev.  Howard  Harris   

Mrs.  Lizzie  B.  (Disbrow)  Harris  

Miss  Mary  E.  Brokaw  

Miss  C.  B.  Richards   

Rev.  Albert  Oltmans  

Mrs.  Alice  (Voorhoorst)  Oltmans  

Miss  Anna  DeF.  Thompson    

Miss  Rebecca  L.  Irvine   

Rev.  H.  V  .S.  Peeke,  D.D.  (1888-1892)    

Mrs.  Vesta  (Greer)   Peeke 

Miss  Mary  Deyo   

Miss  Julia  Moulton  

Miss  Carrie  B.  Lanterman  

Rev.  Albertus   Pieters    

Mrs.  Emma  (Kollen)  Pieters 

Miss    S.    M.    Couch    

Miss  Harriet  M.  Lansing 

Miss  Martha  E.  Duryea 

Mr.  A.  A.  Davis   

Rev.  Jacob  Poppen,  Ph.D 

Mrs.  Anna  (Van  Zwaluwenburg)   Poppen  . . . 

Miss  Anna  K.  Stryker  

Rev.  Frank  S.  Scudder   

Mrs.  Florence  (Schenck)   Scudder 

Mrs.  J.  DuMont  Schenck 

Miss  Harriet  J.  Wyckoff    

Miss  Anna  B.   Stout    (1891-1895)    

Rev.  Charles  M.  Myers 

Rev.  Garret  Hondelink  

Mrs.  Grace  (Hoekje)'  Hondelink  

Miss  Grace  Thomasma  

Miss  Jennie  A.  Pieters 

Rev.  Douwe  C.   Ruigh   (From  Amoy)    

Mrs.  Christine  (Carst)   Ruigh  (From  Amoy) 

Mr.  Anthony  Walvoord   

Mrs.  Edith   (Walvoord)   Walvoord   

Miss  Jennie  M.  Kuyper  

Walter  E.  Hoffsommer,  Ph.D 

Mrs.  Grace  (Posey)  Hoffsommer 

Rev.  Willis  G.  Hoekje  

Mrs.   Annie    (Hail)    Hoekje    

Miss  Jennie  Buys  

Rev.  Hubert  Kuyper  

Miss  Jeane  Noordhoff    

Rev.   David   Van    Strien    

Mrs.  Eleanor    (Orbison)   Van  Strien   

Mrs.  Lillian  (Orbison)  Van  Strien  

Rev.   Luman  J.   Shafer    

Mrs.  Amy  (Hendricks)  Shafer 

Miss  May  Baldwin  Demarest   (1912-1914)    .. 

Rev.  Stephen  W.  Ryder  

Mrs.  Reba  (Snapp)   Ryder  

Miss  Hendrine  E.  Hospers   

Miss  Evelyn  F.  Oltmans   

Miss  Janet  Oltmans    

Rev.  Alex.  Van  Bronkhorst   

Mrs.  Helena  (DeMaagd)  Van  Bronkhorst   .. 
Rev.  Henry  V.  E.  Stegeman  


1883 

1890 

1884 

1905 

1884 

1905 

1884 

1899 

1884 

1885 

1886 

1886 

1887 

I9I3 

1887 

i«93 

1893 

1893 

1888 

1905 

1888 

1890 

1892* 

1891 

I89I 

1892 

1893 

1893 

1897 

1896 

1898 

1896 

1898 

1896 

1898 

1897 

1900 

1897 

1907 

1897 

1906* 

1897 

1902 

1898 

1905 

1898 

190S 

1899 

1904 

1903 

1908 

1903 

1908 

1904 

1912 

1904 

1905 

1905 

1905 

1919* 

1905 

1919 

1905 

1907 

1920 

1907 

1920 

1907 

I9I2 

1909 

1914 

I9II 

I9II 

I9I2 

1920 

I9I2 

1913* 

I9I7 

1920 

I9I2 

I9I2 

I9I8 

I9I3 

I9I4 

I9I3 

I9I4 

I9I4 

I9I6 

I9I6 

I9I7 

654  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Mrs.  Gertrude  (Hoekje)   Stegeman  1917 

Miss  Anna  M.  Fleming  1918 

Mr.  A.  L.  Harvey  1920        1921 

Miss  Edith  V.  Teets  1921 

Miss  J.  Gertrude  Pieters  1921 

Mr.  George  W.  Lang  1921 

Java,  see  India. 

Jay  Gould  Memorial,  1893,  see  Roxbury,  N.Y. 

Jefferson,  Hillsdale  Co.,  Mich.,  1851.    Heermance,  Har.  1851-7,  Evans,  Chs. 

A.  1857-8,  Vermilye,  D.  1863-6. 
Jeffersonville,    Sullivan    Co.,    N.Y.,    1852.      Wolf,    1853-4,    Hones,    1854-8, 

Riedel,  1858-61,  Boehrer,  1862-6. 
Jeniks,   (CI.  of  Albany),  1794.     "M.  G.  S."  i.  p.  256,  mentioned. 
Jenison,  see  Allendale,  Mich.  ist. 
Jericho,   L.I.,    1874.     Supplied   by   Talmage,   D.   June-Sept.    1876,   DeVries, 

1876-7.     United  with  Oyster  Bay. 
Jermain  Memorial,  see  West  Troy,  South. 

Jersey  City,  Hudson  Co.,  N.J.,  churches  in : 

1.  Bergen,  (Bergen  Av.)  1660;    supplied  by  ministers  from  New  York, 

S.I.  and  L.I.  1662-1749;  (DeWint,  1749-51),  Jackson,  W.  1757-89, 
Cornelison,  1793-1828,  Taylor  B.  C.  28-81.  Associate  pastors, 
Amerman,  71-6,  Brett,  C.  1876-1881,  pastor  1881-1918,  E.P. 
1918-22,  Soper,  W.  P.  1918-21,  Kittell,  J.  S.  1922 .  Assist- 
ants, Strong,  W.  V.  D.  1902-1906,  Moment,  J.  J.  1908-1911,  Dur- 
yee,  Abram  1911-1917,  LeFevre,  DuBois  1917-1919.  See  "Tay- 
lor's Annals  CI.  Bergen" ;  "Taylor's  Disc,  at  200th  Anniv." ; 
"Manual  of  Ch.  of  Bergen" ;  "Hon.  Chs.  Winfield's  Hist.  Hud- 
son Co.,"  containing  marriage  and  baptismal  records  of  Bergen 
Church. 

2.  Bayonne   ist,   1829,    (formerly  Bergen  Neck).     Boice,  I.  C.  29-44, 

Romeyn,  J.  44-50,  Dutcher,  50-4,  Stillwell,  54-64,  Wells,  T.  W. 
65-73,  Stitt,  C.  H.  74-80,  Knox,  W.  W.  81-93,  Jones,  C.  H.  94-9, 
Boocock,  W.  H.  1899-1909,  Bayles,  T.  F.  1910-1915,  Pfanstiehl, 
A.  A.  (S.S.)  1916-1917,  Augustine,  R.  H.  M.  1917-1919,  Van 
Raalte,  A.  C.  1919 .     See  "Taylor's  Annals." 

3.  Jersey   City   ist.      (Presbyt.   1825-30).      1830,    (Grand   St.)    Ostran- 

der,  S.,  Miss,  to,  22,  Meeker,  May-Oct.  30,  Talmage,  J.  R.  30-3, 
Lusk,  33-48,  Yates,  J.  A.  called,  1849,  died;  Lord,  D.  50-1;  sup- 
plied by  Henry,  51,  McClure,  A.  52-5,  Riddle,  D.  H.  57-62.  Scud- 
der,  H.  M.  64-5,  Peeke,  G.  65-9,  Halloway,  W.  71-6,  (S.S.  Wes- 
terfield,  1877-86,  united  with  First  Reformed  Church  of  Van 
Voorst,  First  Van  Vorst). 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Classis  of  Bergen  Ap.  28,  1807,  Revs.  Cor- 
nelison and  Stryker  presented  that  the  inhabitants  of  the  City  of 
Jersey,  formerly  Paulus  Hook,  were  desirous  of  a  church;  and 
that  the  Associates  of  the  Jersey  Co.  offered  to  give  land  on  the 
south  side  of  Grand  st.  if  they  will  erect  a  church  50  ft.  sq.  within 
two  years.  The  Classis  appointed  Revs.  Cornelison  and  Stryker 
to  organize  a  church  and  in  said  city,  &c.,  and  supplies  were  ap- 
pointed.— But  in  April,  1808.  the  Committee  reported  that  it  was 
impracticable,  owing  to  a  lack  of  a  sufficient  number  of  members 
in  the  vicinity.  The  Associate  Co.  offered  to  prolong  the  time 
and  give  $250  a  year  toward  the  support  of  a  minister  there. 

4.  First   Reformed   Church  of   Van   Vorst.      (Known   as   Jersey   City 

2d,  later,  Wayne  St.),  1846.  Taylor,  W.  J.  R.  1846-9,  Van  Cleef, 
P.  D.  1849-1896,  P.Em.  1896-1902,  Wick,  1890-1899,  Brown,  J.  A. 
1899-1905,    Shield,   F.    K.    1906-1908,    Meyer,   A.    J.    1909-1914, 


THE    CHURCHES  655 

Maines,  W.  S.  1914-15,  Hart,  W.  R.  1916 .  In  1886  First  Van 

Vorst  absorbed  Jersey  City  ist;  in  1909,  Jersey  City  Free  (Grand 
Street). 

5.  Jersey  City  3d,  also  called  Park  (Hamilton  Square),  1852.    Ostran- 

der,  S.,  Miss,  to  Harsimus,  22,  Taylor,  W.  J.  R.  52-4,  Strong, 
J.  P.  54-6,  Selden,  57,  Wells,  C.  L.  58-62,  Berry,  J.  R.  63-8,  Suy- 
dam,  68-90,  Griffin,  W.  T.  91-2,  Morgan,  1892-1903,  Stofflet,  J. 
P.  1904-1912,  Weidner,  D.  C.  1913-1915,  Blue,  J.  H.  1916-1917, 
Terhune,  C.  A.  1919 .     See  Ch.  Int.,  Oct.  29,  1902. 

6.  Hudson  City,  1853.     Lloyd,  A.,  Miss,  to,  53-5,  King,  F.  L.  55-7. 

7.  Bergen  Point,    (Bayonne  2d),   1854.     Butcher,  54-7,  Parker,  Chas. 

57-60,  Jones,  H.  W.  F.  60-84,  P.Em.  84-1915,  Riggs,  J.  F.  84-92, 
Inglis,  T.  E.  92-7,  Krom,  A.  E.  1898-1901.  United  with  the  First 
Presbyterian  Church  of  Bayonne  to  form  the  Fifth  St.  Reformed 
Church,  Bayonne,  1901. 

8.  Jersey   City,  4th    (Ger.),    1856.     Doeppenschmidt,    1856-64,   Meyer, 

Karl,  Miss,  to,  1864-6. 

9.  Hudson  City  2nd   (Ger.),  Hudson  Av.   1859.     Doeppenschmidt,  64- 

85,  Girtanner,  78-82,  Meury,  E.  A.  1883-1911,  Bender,  A.  F.  1913, 
March-Oct.    Again  1914.    Assistant,  Mager,  Wm.  1904. 

10.  La  Fayette,  Communipaw  Av.,  1863.     Duryee,  W.  R.  1864-91,  Kom- 

mers,  1891-1903,  Hogan,  J.  S.  1903-1912,  Herge,  Chas.  1912- 
1915.  Noble,  H.  W.   1916— — 

11.  West  End,  Marion,  1868.     Shaw,  A.,  Miss,  to,  69-72,  Van  Doren, 

W.  H.  71-8. 

12.  Greenville.  Ocean  Av.,  1871.     Young,  A.  H.  73-81,  Pockman,  81-6, 

Bruce,  W.  P.  87-95,  Allen,  C.  J.  96-1900,  Mohn,  O.  L.  F.  1902- 
1903,  Eggleston,  G.  H.  1904-1907,  Morris,  R.  C.  1908-1910,  Duck, 

E.  M.  1911 

13.  Jersey    City,    Free,    1872.      On    ist    street    until    1889.      On    Grand 

street,  1889.  Hence  called  Grand  street.  Shaw,  Alex  1867-72, 
Park,  A.  J.  73-8,  Mattice,  H.  79-88,  Zabriskie,  A.  A.  87-91, 
Clist,  91-5,  Cussler,  96-1901,  Stofflet,  J.  P.  1901-1904,  Meyer,  A. 
J.  1904-1909.     This  church  united  with  Van  Vorst,  ist,  January 

2"],    1909. 

14.  Bayonne  3rd,  (Ger.),  1872.     Elterich,  75-80,  Klein,  C.  F.  A.  (S.S.) 

82-5,  Andrea;,  (S.S.)  86-92,  Muller,  M.  94-7,  Franzen,  1898-1903, 
Schulz,  H.  W.  J.  1904-1909,  Franzen,  H.  L.  191 1 

15.  Jersey  City,  Central  Ave.,    (Bowers  St.).     (Jersey  City  Heights), 

1872.  Wolfe,  G.  L.  73-4,  Matthews,  A.  75,  Griffin,  W.  T.  78-81, 
Handy,  81-3,  Wright,  C.  S.  1883-1909,  Pelgrim,  J.  C.  1909-1916, 
Murphy,  J.  A.  1916-21. 
j6.  South  Bergen,  1874.  Brokaw,  I.  P.  74-9.  Cox,  H.  M.  79-82, 
Vaughan,  Wm.  83-8,  Grant,  W.  D.  89-96. — Church  united  with  the 
Congregational  Church  of  Jersey  City. 

17.  German  Evangelical  ist  (Mercer  st.),  1882.     Staehli,  83-91,  Muller, 

M.  93-4,  Fisher  (or  Fiecke)  Julius,  95,  Heiniger,  96-1900,  Nickse, 
Louis,  1901-1902,  Mueller,  Matthew  1902-1910,  Mueller,  G.  C. 
1910-19,  Hahn,  G.  F.  1919 

18.  St.    Johns,    Evangelical,     (Ger.),    Fairview    Av.,     1883.      Andreae, 

1883 .      Asst.,    Andrea;,    M.    C.    T.    1915-18.      See    "Taylor's 

Annals  of  Classis  of  Bergen" ;  and  "Van  Cleef 's  Anniversary 
Sermons" ;    and  "Winfield's  History  of  Hudson  Co.,  N.J." 

19.  Bayonne,  5th  Street,  1902.     Formed  by  the  union  of  the  ist  Pres- 
.    byterian  Church  of  Bayonne  and  the  Bergen   Point  Reformed 

(Bayonne  2d),  1901.    Jones,  H.  W.  F.  E.Em.  1901-1915,  Wilson, 

F.  S.  1902-1920,  Muste,  C.  B.  1921 . 

20.  Faith,  Jersey  City,  N.J.,  Bayview  Ave.,    1909.     Hunter,  James   B. 

1909 


656  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

21.  West  Side,  Duncan  Ave.  and  Apollo  Place,  Jersey  City,  N.J.,  1912. 
Heinrichs,  J.  H.  1914-1916,  Luther,  M.  F.  1917-1918. 

Jerusalem,  (Feura  Bush),  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  1791.  Van  Huysen,  1793- 
1824,  Kissam,  28-41,  Van  Santvoord,  S.  45-57,  Compton,  54-60,  Gulick 
A.  V.  60-5,  Millspaugh,  66-72,  Vedder,  E.  73-85,  Scarlett,  J.  H.  85-93, 
Beekman,  T.  A.  93-1902,  Lehman,  F.  V.  W.  1902-1907,  Gulick,  G.  W. 
1908-1909,  Ballard,  Bruce,  1910-1913,  Hageman,  T.  A.  1913-1917,  Mil- 
lett,  J.  1917 .  This  church  divided  in  1825  into  the  chs.  of  Jerusa- 
lem and  Union.     See  Union,  also  Onesquethaw. 

Jicarilla  Mission,  Dulce,  N.M. 

Johnsborough,  (Johnburgh?),  Warren  Co.,  N.Y.,  1819.  Centre,  Miss,  to, 
1823     See  Dailey  Hist.  Montgomery  CI.,   122. 

Johnstown,  Montgomery  Co.,  N.Y.  (Western  allotment  of  Kingsborough, 
see    Caughnawaga),    18 16.      Amerman,    17-21,    Van    Vechten,    L    23-4, 

Van  Olinda,  Miss,  to,  24,   Stryker,  H.  B.,  Miss,  to,  30 .     Dropped 

1835.     "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  686,  696.     Dailey  Hist.  Montgomery  CI.,  122. 

Johnstown,  Secession,  1822.  Independent.  Amerman,  A.  21-43,  Westervelt, 
J.  P.  45-55-     Disbanded.     See  Dailey  Hist.  Montgomery  CI.,  13. 

Johnstown,  Columbia  Co.,  N.Y.,  see  Linlithgo. 

Johnstown,  Fulton  Co.,  N.Y.,  1894.     Van  Burk,  1894-1902,  Bedford,  C.  V. 

W.  1902-1909,  Beekman,  P.  S.  1909-1920,  Stanton,  R.  A.  1920 .    See 

Dailey  Hist.  Montgomery  CI.  62. 

Kaatsbaan,  see  Katsbaan,  N.Y. 

Kagoshima,   1893,  see  Japan. 

Kakiat,  now  West  New  Hempsted  and  Clarkstown,  N.Y. 

Kalamazoo,  Kalamazoo  Co.,  Mich. ;    churches  in : 

1.  Kalamazoo,  ist,  1851.     Gardenier,  55,  Klyn,  56-62,  Vander  Meulen, 

64-8,  Kriekaard,  68-76,  Te  Winkle,  76-82,  Dosker,  N.  H.  83-7. 
Kolyn,  88-93,  Stapelkamp,  1894-1901,  Pool,  Wm.  1902-1911,  Steu- 
nenberg,  J.   1912-1918,  Hollebrands,  J.  J.  1918 

2.  Kalamazoo,  2nd,    1885,  Vennema,  A.  86-9,   Streng,  90-2,  Moerdyk, 

Wm.  92-4,  Vander  Meulen,  John,  96-9,  Blekkink,  1899-1905,  Wa- 
termulder,  G.  1905-1908,  Hospers,  H.  1909-1910,  Muilenburg, 
T.  W.  1911-1916,  Van  Peursem,  J.  1918 

3.  Kalamazoo,   3d,    1889.     Duiker,    R.   90-2,    Strabbing,   92-6,    Siegers, 

97-9,  Warnshuis,  J.  W.  99-1901,  Douwstra,  H.  1902-1903,  Frieling, 
H.  1903-1910,  DeHaan,  John  1910-1917,  Wolvius,  Wm.  1918 

4.  Kalamazoo,   4th,    1892.     John,    C.   C.   A.   L.   93-6,    Luxen,   96-1900, 

Heines,  1900-1903,  Hogenboom,  S.  M.  1903-1904,  Troost,  Evert, 
1904-1916,  Kregel,  J.  H.  1917-1919. 

5.  Bethany,   1905,  Kalamazoo,  Mich.    Kooiker,  G.   1905-1911,  Vander 

Meulen,  Jacob  1911-19,  DeRoos,  Frank,   1920-21. 

6.  North  Park  St.,  1909,  Kalamazoo,  Mich.     Hondelink,  G.  1909-1912, 

Bloemendal,  Ralph  1914-1916,  Vanden  Berg,  R.  L  1916-1919, 
Meengs,  R.  D.  1920 

Kalamazoo,  see  Twin  Lakes. 

Kamp,  see  Camp. 

Kampen,  Westover,  Somerset  Co.,  Md.,  1900.    Dropped  1905. 

Kanagawa  Station,  1859,  see  Japan. 

Karangan,  see  India. 

Karr  Valley,  Almond,  Alleghany  Co.,  N.Y.,  1797.    Gray,  1797-1819. 

Katpadi,  see  India. 

Katsbaan,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1710.  Reorganized,  1921.  (See  Camp,  West 
Camp,  Kaatsbaan  and  Caatsban,  and  Saugerties).  Kocherthal,  1710- 
19,  Haeger,  J.  F.  1710-21,  Ehle,  (Oehl),  1720-27,  Falckner,  Daniel  F. 
1724-?,  Berckenmeyer,  W.  C.  1721-9,  Mancius,  pastor,  1730-62,  supplied 


THE    CHURCHES  657 

by  Schuneman,  Wester lo  and  Doll,  1762-80,  De  Ronde,  1780-6,  supplied 
by  Schuneman  and  Doll,  1786-93,  Van  Vlierden,  1793-1804,  Demarest, 
James  D.  1808-9,  Ostrandcr,  H.  12-62,  Collier,  I.  H.  62-4,  Chapman. 
N.  F.  64-73,  Searle,  Stephen,  73-85,  Sebring,  A.  J.  1885-1916,  Marcley, 

A.  F.  1916-18,  Van  Deusen,  R.  J.  (S.S.)  1921 

The  colony  of  Palatines,  which  came  to  West  Camp  in  Oct.,  1710,  imme- 
diately erected  a  house  of  worship  there  for  the  use  of  the  colony,  both 
of  the  Lutheran  and  Reformed  faiths.  Upon  the  release  of  the  colonists 
in  1712  from  their  contract  to  the  British  Government,  they  began  to  seek 
out  homes  for  themselves.  There  was  some  dispute  to  the  title  of  the  lands 
at  West  Camp.  So  the  colonists  took  up  farms  a  mile  or  two  west  at  the 
Kats  Baan,  and  here  Mancius  found  most  of  them  in  1730,  and  they  were 
worshipping  there.  During  the  entire  ministry  of  Mancius,  of  thirty-two 
years,  the  West  Camp  church  seems  to  have  been  closed,  and  those  of 
each  faith  united  in  religious  services  at  Katsbaan.  When  Mancius  died 
the  Lutheran  Church  at  West  Camp  was  reorganized. 

Strictly  speaking,  the  present  Katsbaan  Church  was  organized  m  1839. 
It  was  first  incorporated  as  the  Church  of  Kaatsbaan,  in  the  town  of  King- 
ston. In  1826  it  was  re-incorporated  as  the  Church  in  the  town  of  Sauger- 
ties,  and  had  ecclesiastical  oversight  over  Saugerties  village,  Plattekill,  and 
Blue  Mountain,  where  weekly  or  monthly  services  were  maintained.  In 
183 1  the  present  village  of  Saugerties  was  constituted  and  incorporated 
as  the  village  of  Ulster,  and  a  determined  and  prolonged  effort  was  made 
to  get  rid  of  the  name  of  Saugerties  for  the  locality.  The  elements  that 
built  up  the  manufacturing  interests  of  the  new  village  were  not  in  sym- 
pathy with  the  genius  of  the  Reformed  Church.  When  early  efforts  were 
made  for  a  church  at  Saugerties  the  Dutch  element  in  the  village  refused  to 
join,  and  the  application  was  not  granted.  These  efforts  continued  until 
1839,  when,  to  heal  the  rising  feeling  over  such  refusals,  and  to  preserve 
the  proposed  organization  to  the  Reformed  Church,  Katsbaan  was  pre- 
vailed upon  to  apply  for,  the  new  organization.  This  was  granted,  and  the 
Dutch  element  about  Saugerties  was  left  in  the  old  organization  there,  to 
prevent  any  such  movement. 

The  effort  to  have   Saugerties   called  Ulster   continued   for   twenty-four 
years,  but   failed,  and  the  village  of   Ulster  was   re-incorporated  as    Sau- 
gerties in  1855.     Thus  the  church  of   Saugerties  is  the  old  organization  in 
law,  while  Katsbaan  is  such  in  history  and  in  fact.     See  Brink's  Early  His- 
tory of  Saugerties. 
Kattapali,  1869,  see  India. 
Kenosha,  Kenosha  Co.,  Wis.,  1896. 
Kensington,  Italian  Mission,  see  Chicago. 

Kent  St.,  Greenpoint,  L.I.,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 
Keokuk,  Lee  Co.,  Iowa,  1863.  Baay,  Miss,  to,  60-2,  pastor.  62-5,  dis- 
banded. 
Kerhonksen,  (Middleport),  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y..  1853.  De  Puy,  56,  Jones. 
N.  W.  56-60,  Van  Vleck,  J.  62-4,  Du  Bois,  J.  66-74,  Crolius,  75-9,  Dar- 
rach,  85-6,  Van  Oostenbrugge,  92-1900,  Kip,  F.  M.  (S.S.)  1902-1904. 
Seso,  A.  A.  1906-1911,  Terwilliger,  F.  E.  (S.S.)   1913-1916,  Paxson,  A. 

T.  1919 

Kewascum,  Wis.   (station).     Mattice,  Miss,  to,  1862-4,  Wilson,  C.  D.,  Miss. 

to,  64-7. 
Keyport,    Monmouth    Co.,    N.J.,    1847.      Chapman,    N.    F..    Miss,    to,    48-9, 
Minor,    Miss,    to,    50-1,    Searle,    J.,    Miss,    to,    51-3,    Lockwood,    54-68, 
Zabriskie.  A.  A.  69-72,  Mead,  E.  73-90,   Schock,  92-7,  Greene,  E.  W. 
98-1900,  Decker,  F.  1901-1903,  Van  Woert,  H.  S.  1904-1909,  Compton, 

W.  E.  1910-1913,  Reynolds,  F.  T.  B.  1913 

Killduff,  la.,  1900.     Classical  Missionary,  1901-1904,  Wiebenga,  John  1904- 

1906,  Vanden  Berge,  E.  1911-1915,  Heneveld,  G.  G.  1916-1918. 
Killduff,  see  Galesburg. 


658  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Kinderhook,  Columbia  Co.,  N.Y.,  1712.  A  preaching  station  of  Albany, 
1700-12.  Van  Driessen,  P.  (S.S.)  1712-27,  also  Ehle,  1720-27,  Van 
Driessen,  J.  1727-35,  Van  Driessen,  P.  Van  Schie,  Frelinghuysen,  T. 
S.,  supplies  1735-56,  Frelinghuysen,  F.,  called  1753,  but  died;  Freyen- 
moet,  1756-77,  Ritzema,  (S.S.)  1778-88,  Labagh,  I.  1789-1799,  Sickles, 
1800-1834,  Van  Aken,  1834-5,  Heermance,  H.  1835-7,  Vandervoort, 
1837-42,  Van  Zandt,  B.  1842-52,  Bronson,  1854-7,  Berry,  J.  R.  1857-63, 
Collier,  Edward  1864-1907,  Emeritus  1907-20;  Burrowes,  Chas.  W.  1908- 
14,  Ellis,  A.M.  191 5-16,  Vanderlaan,  E.  C.  1917-20,  Robinson,  Wm.  L. 
1921 .     See  Collier's  "Hallowed  House."     Doc.  Hist.  i.  243,  iii.  538. 

Kinderhook,  2d,  1833.     Cushing,  1833-4.     Became  the  Presb.  Ch.  of  Valatie. 

Kings,  111.,  see  Elim. 

Kings  Co..  L.I.,  1654.  A  general  name  embracing  the  collegiate  charges  of 
Brooklyn,  Flatlands,  Bushwick,  New  Utrecht,  Flatbush,  and,  at  times, 
Gravesend.  In  1808,  the  collegiate  relation  was  partly  dissolved. — 
"Doc.  Hist."  i.  426,  429;  iii.  75,  87-116.  "Smith's  N.Y.,"  316.  "Strong's 
Flatbush." 

Kingsberg,  probably  an  error  for  Kingsberry,  N.Y. 

Kingsberry  (Kingsbury?),  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y.,  1715.  This  place  was  prac- 
tically the  same  as  East  Camp  and  Germantown,  although  it  was 
probably  a  couple  of  miles  south  of  Germantown.  "Doc.  Hist.,  N.Y." 
iii.  413,  421;  "Col.  Docs.  N.Y."  v.  215,  515.  In  Oct.,  1715,  Haeger 
petitioned  Gov.  Hunter,  and  received  permission  to  build  a  church 
(Episcopal)  here,  for  the  60  palatine  families.  "N.Y.  Col.  MSS.," 
Ix.  41  . 

Kingsborough,  Western  allotment  of,  afterward  Johnstown.  Montgomery 
Co.,  N.Y. 

Kingston,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  churches  in : 

1.  Kingston,     (Esopus),    ist,    1659.      Blom.    1660-7.    Tesschenmaeker, 

(S.S.)  1675-6,  again,  Ap.-Sept.,  1678,  Van  Gaasbeek,  1678-80, 
Weekstein,  168 1-7,  Vandenbosch,  1687-9,  Nucella,  1695- 1704,  Beys, 
1706-8,  Vas,  1710-56,  Mancius,  1732-62,  Meyer,  H.  1762-72,  Doll, 
1775-1808,  Gosman.  1808-35,  Lillie.  36-41,  Van  Wagenen,  41-4, 
Hoes,  45-67,  Van  Derveer,  67-76,  Van  Slyke,  J.  G.  1876-1909, 
Leeper,  J.  L.  191 1-20. 

Church  incorporated,  17 19.  English  preaching  began  with  Gos- 
man.— See  "Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y."  "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  51,  71,  jy,  581-7, 
599.  "Col.  Hist."  ii.  592.  "Mag.  R.D.C."  i.  190;  iii.  55.  "Gor- 
don's Life  of  Ostrander."  45-53.  69.  "Smith's  N.Y.,"  308.  "Du 
Bois'  Reunion."  p.  47.  Stitt's  "Our  New  City" ;  "Schoonmaker's 
Hist,  of  Kingston."  Gov.  Cornbury  made  an  attempt  to  foist 
Rev.  Mr.  Hepburn  (Episcopalian)  on  this  church  in  1704,  but 
without  success.     See  Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y. 

2.  Kingston,  (Ger.),  1770.    Gross,  1773-83.     See  Dubbs,  258. 

3.  Kingston  2d,  Fair  st.,  1849.     Smuller,  49-53,  Du  Bois,  A.  54-9,  Col- 

lier, Jos.  59-64,   Stitt,  65-74.  Demarest,  Jas.    (Jr.)   74-82,  Noyes, 

83-94,  Oakes,  94-8,  Seeley,  F.  B.  1898 .     See  Hist.  Sketch  by 

M.  Schoonmaker,  1879. 

4.  Church  of  the  Comforter,  Wiltwick,  1863.     As  a  Station,  supplied 

by  Fort,  54-59,  by  Shaw,  W.  A.  60-4 ;  pastors :  Shaw,  64-72, 
Westveer,  72-4,  Talmage,  Jas.  R.  74-9,  Shaw,  W.  A.  (S.S.)  79-91, 
Winne,  1891-1902,  Palmer,  C.  L.  1903-1914,  Stowe.  W.  F. 
1914 .     See  Christian  Intelligencer,  June  10,  1903. 

Kiskatom,  Catskill,  Greene  Co.,  N.Y.  (In  union  with  Leeds,  1833-42), 
1842.  Van  Liew,  J.  C.  1833-4.  Hoff.  35-42,  Lyall,  43-7,  See.  J.  L.  47-50, 
Compton.  51-4,  Eckel,  54-5,  Case,  57-60.  Rockwell.  Chs.  60-8,  See,  W. 
G.  E.  68-73,  Deyo,  73-6,  Van  Fleet,  76-9,  Van  Neste,  G.  J.  79-87,  Wil- 
liams,  D.   F.  87-8,   Rhinehart,   89-91,   Ward,  W.   D.    1893-1902,   Appel, 


THE    CHURCHES  659 

J.  B.  1902-1904,  Zabriskie,  A.  A.  1904-1906,  Winne,  J.  E.  1907-1909, 
Lawsing,  S.  O.  1910-1917,  Heinrichs,  J.  H.   (S.S.)    1919-21. 

Kistigirene,  another  name,  or  an  error,  for  Niskayuna,  "M.G.S."  i.  255. 

Kleinville,  1809,  see  Canada. 

Kleyn  Esopus.  now  Esopus. 

Knapp  Ave.,  see  Grand  Rapids. 

Knowlton.  Warren  Co.,  N.J.  1787  (?).  Chitara,  1787-92,  Wack,  C.  (S.S.) 
1792-1809,  Wack,  J.  J.,  also  (S.S.)  1798-1805.  Reorganized  as  R.D.C., 
1814?      (Presbyterian,  Talmage,  Jehiel,   1816-43). 

Knox,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  1841.  Knieskern,  41-5,  Lane,  57-60,  Comfort, 
60-3.  Vedder,  63-8,  Ballagh,  W.  H.  68-77,  Slocum,  79-83,  Parsons,  85- 
93,  Lockwood,  H.  1894-1901.  Van  Ess,  Jacob,  1902-1904,  Kelder,  E. 
1905-1908,  Appel.  J.  B.  (S.S.)  1909-1910,  Davis,  W.  E.  1912-1915, 
supplied  1916-17.  Federated  with  M.E.  Church  of  Knox  and  supplied 
by  M.E.  pastors  1917-21.     Read,  G.  O.  1921 

Knox,  see  Berne  2nd,  and  Beaverdam,  N.Y. 

Knox  Memorial,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Kolapakkam,  see  India. 

Kolongsoo,  1842,  see  China. 

Koster,  St.  Anne,  Wichert,  Kankagee  Co.,  111.,  1893.  Vandenbosch,  T.  99- 
1900,  Van  der  Werf,  1901-1903,  Tanis,  H.  1904-1905,  Webinga,  J.  1906- 
191 1,  Pettersson,  H.  M.  1912-1914,  Zandstra,  F.  1915-1919.  Name 
changed  to  Wichert,  1913,  which  see. 

Kottapalli,  see  India. 

Kreischersville.  St.  Peter's,  1881,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Richmond. 

Kripplebush,  1876,  see  Lyonsville,  N.Y. 

Krum,  same  as  Hillsdale. 

Krumville,  (Samsonville),  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1851.  Taylor,  W.  51-2,  Har- 
low, 52-8,  Markle,  58-61,  Deyo,  68-70,  Deyo,  1876-93,  supplied,  93-1903, 
Clist,  C.  L.  (S.S.)  1903,  vacant,  1903-1916,  Beekman,  T.  A.  1916-1919, 
Braithwaite,  T.  S.  1920-21. 

Krumville,  see  Lyonsville. 

Kudipattur,  1866,  see  India. 

Kumamoto,  1901,  see  Japan. 

Kurume,  191 5,  see  Japan. 

Kuweit,  see  Arabia. 

Kyserike,  N.Y.,  1913-14,  see  Lyonsville. 

LaFayette,  1863,  see  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

LaFayette,    Tippecanoe    Co.,    Ind.,    1888.      Kriekaard,    C.    88-92,    Menning, 

93-4,  Van  der  Werf,  95-7,  Heines,  97-8,  Lubbers,  99-1902,  Vander  Werf, 

A.    1903-1906,   Bosch,   G.    1908-1909,    Swart,    P.    1910-1912,    Siegers,    P. 

1913-1917,  Althuis,  J.  J.  1917 

La  Grace,  Campbell  Co.,  S.D.,  1885.     See  Hope. 

La  Grace,  Campbell  Co.,  S.D.,  1886.     See  Van  Raalte. 

Lake  Shore,  1898.  see  Gelderland,  Holland,  Mich. 

Lake  View,  S.D.,  1914.     Classical  Missionary,  1916 • 

Lakeville,  same  as  Success,  N.Y. 

Lament,  Mich.,  1915.    Disbanded  1918. 

Lamsons,  N.Y.,  1855.     See  Dailey  Hist,  of  Montgomery  Classis,  136. 

Lansing,   (station).     Demarest,  Jas.   (Sr.)   Miss,  to,  1848. 

Lansing,    Cook    Co.,    111.,    1875.      Lubeck,    83-5,    Dunnewold.   87-94,    Luxen, 

95-6,  Swart,  1897-1904,  Douwstra,  G.  W.  1904-1908,  DeBey,  D.  J.  1909- 

1917,  Duiker,  W.  J.  1918-1919,  Braak,  P.   1920 

Lansingburgh,   Rensselaer   Co.,   N.Y.,    1774.     Lupton,    1788-92.     Called  also 

Stone  Arabia,  but  not  to  be  confounded  with  the  place  now  known  by 

that  name.     Became  extinct  about  1800.     Later  a  Presbyterian  Ch.  was 

organized. 
Laurel  Hill.   (Long  Is.  City),  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Queens. 


66o  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Lawton,  Okl.,  1901,  see  Apache,  Comanche,  Fort  Sill,  Vermilye  Memorial. 

Lawyersville,  (New  Rhinebeck),  Schoharie  Co.,  N.Y.,  1788.  Broffel,  1790- 
95,  Bork,  1796-8,  Paige  and  Van  Nest  (S.S.)  1798-1803,  Labagh,  I. 
1803-11,  13-14,  Jones,  N.  16-21,  Labagh,  I.  22-6,  Raymond,  29-32, 
Bassler,  33-8,  Waring,  39-40,  Lockhead,  40-45,  Spaulding,  47-52,  Hall, 
D.  B.  (S.S.)  54-5,  Raymond,  56-64,  Van  Woert,  65-71,  Markle,  72-5, 
Ries,  75-8,  Davis,  W.  P.  79-84,  Fagg,  85-7,  Blekkink,  88-94,  Rockefeller, 
96-8,  Caton,  98-1901,  Ficken,  1902-1907,  Benson,  C.  H.  1908-1910,  Wurts, 
W.  A.  (S.S.)  1910-1912,  Smith,  C.  W.  1914-1918,  Frost,  H.  D.  1918-22. 
See  Dailey  Hist.  Montgomery  Classis,  129.    See  Sharon. 

Lebanon,  N.J.  (Ger.  Ref.)  (Rockaway),  1740.  Wurts,  1750-62,  Kails, 
1757-9.  Dallicker,  1770-82,  Wack,  C.  1782-1809.  (R.D.C.  1813;.  Schultz, 
1816-34,  Wack,  C.  P.  35-40,  Van  Amburgh,  40-8,  Steele,  J.  48-53,  Van 
Amburgh,  53-69,  Van  Benschoten,  69-72,  Campbell,  J.  B.  73-6,  Roe,  S. 
W.  76-83,  Davis,  W.  E.  1883-1905,  Boeve,  L.  1906-1910,  Lonsdale,  W.  J. 
1910-1915,  Fingar,  C.  J.  1915-1920,  Wagner,  Paul,  1920 

Leeds,  (Catskill,  Madison),  Greene  Co.,  N.Y.,  1732.  Weiss,  1731-6,  Schune- 
man,  1753-94,  Labagh,  1798-1809,  Ostrander,  H.  1810-12,  Wynkoop, 
P.  S.  14-17,  Wyckoff,  L  N.  17-34,  Van  Liew,  J.  C.  32-3,  Hoff,  35-42, 
Romeyn,  Jas.  42-4,  Betts,  45-50,  "Minor,  51-6,  Searle,  S.  T.  57-69,  Van 
Zandt,  B.  69-78,  Wood,  C.  W.  (S.S.)  78-9,  Ditmars,  C.  P.  79-83, 
Sebring,  E.  N.  84-9,  Perlee,  91-9,  Randolph,   1900-1902,  Van  Vranken, 

F.  V.  1903-1915,  Heinrichs,  J.  H.  1916-21.  See  "Ch.  Int.,"  Jan.  20,  1876, 
for  Van  Orden's  sketch  of  Ch.  of  Catskill.  Leeds  was  reorganized  in 
conjunction  with  tCiskatom  in  1833,  but  in  1843,  each  was  organized 
separately. 

Leighton,  1890,  see  Ebenezer,  la. 

Le  Mars,  Sioux  Co.,  la.,  1889.     Dangremond,  G.  89-92,  Ziegler,  92-4,  Men- 

ning,  94-7,  Dykhuizen,   1898-1901,  Classical  supplies   1901-1904,  Vander 

Heide,  J.   1904-1908.     Dropped   1908. 
Leng-na,  1919,  see  China. 
Lennox,     ist,     (Chancellor),    Lincoln    Co.,    S.D.,    1883.      Weiland,    83-5, 

Mollenbeck,   87-91,   Watermuelder,    L.   91-3,   Janssen,    R.   94-5,    Haken, 

G.  1896-1906,  Niehaus,  H.  1906-1908,  Potgeter,  H.  J.  1912-1914.  Dropped 

1915- 

Lennox,  2d,  S.D.,  1889.  Schoon,  89-91,  Watermuelder,  L.  91-2,  Schoon, 
1892-1910,  Huenemann,  H.  1910 — — 

Lennox,  3rd,  S.D.,  1889.    Now  known  as  Delaware,  S.D.,  which  see. 

Lennox,  1900,  see  Worthing,  S.D. 

Lenox  Ave.,  see  Harlem,  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Leota,  1891,  see  Bethel,  Minn. 

Le  Roy,  Jefferson  Co.,  N.Y.,  1821. 

Lester,  la.,   1916.     Classical   Missionary.     Dykema,   K.  J.    1920 

Leyden  Centre,  Cook  Co.,  111.,  1867.    Johnson,  H.  H.  67-78. 

Liberty,  Oklahoma,  1902.     Marsilje,  P.  J.  1902 .     Dropped  1909. 

Libertyville,  see  Guilford,  N.Y. 

Lincoln  Park,  N.J.,  1917. 

Linden,  Union  Co.,  N.J.,  1871.  Gesner,  70-4,  Van  Vranken,  H.  H.  75-6, 
supplied  by  students  or  ministers,  76-91,  Kommers,  89-91,  Sherwood, 
(S.S.)  1893-1904,  pastor,  1905-1906,  Saure,  E.  1907-1912,  Van  Raalte, 
A.  C.   1914-1917,   Schmitz,   Wm.    1917-20,    Berkhardt,   A.    1921 

Linlithgo,  (Livingston  Manor,  Johnstown,  Livingston),  Columbia  Co., 
N.Y.,  1722.  Van  Driessen,  J.  (S.S.)  1722-38,  Van  Hovenbergh,  sup- 
plied, 1743-56,  Fryenmoet,  1756-70,  Cook  (S.S.)  1772-9,  supplied  by 
Livingston,  J.  H.  1779-81,  Lansing,  Nic.  1781-4,  Romeyn,  Jer.  1788-1803, 
Vedder,  Herman,  supplied,  1807-15,  Kittle,  1816-27,  Holmes,  E.  27-35, 
Van  Wagenen,  35-41,  Fonda,  J.  D.  42-7,  Crispell,  47-57,  Shepard,  58-67, 
Kip,  F.  M.  (Jr.)  67-9,  Dusinberre,  69-89,  Vaughan,  J.  W.  89-1900, 
Greene,  E.  W.  1901-1903,  Wightman,  J.  C.  1904-1911,  Roosenrood,  A. 


THE    CHURCHES  66l 

C.   1912-1916,  Den  Herder,  M.  J.   1916 .     See  "Crispell's  Hist."  in 

"Ch.  Int.,"  Oct.  12,  1854;    and  Livingston. 
Linlithgo,  1870,  see  Livingston,  N.Y. 

Lisha's  Kill,  West  Albany,  Schenectady  Co.,  N.Y.,  1852.  Wells,  55-8, 
De  Baun,  J.  A.  58-82,  McCullum,  83-5,  Blekkink,  86-8,  Kip,  L  L.  88-91, 
Conant,  1893-1905,  Van  Oostenbrugge,  C.  1906-1910,  Van  Fleet,  J.  O. 

1911-1917,  Marcley,  A.  F.  1918 

Litchville,  N.D.,  1906.     Vander  Schaaf,  J.  J.  1910-191^,  Vander  Ploeg,  H. 

1914-1918,  Grull,  J.  D.  1920 

Little  Falls,  Passaic  Co.,  N.J.,  1837.  Stryker,  H.  B.,  Miss,  to,  23-7, 
Ogilvie",  Miss,  to,  27-9,  supplied  by  Bronson,  A.  and  Porter,  R.  37-8, 
Wilson,  Jos.  38-45,  Vedder,  E.  45-9,  Cruikshank,  J.  C.  50-68,  Van 
Neste,  G.  J.  69-75,  Smith,  W.  H.  76-8,  Moore,  W.  L.  78-81,  Furbeck, 
P.  81-8,  Van  Fleet,  88-97,  Steffens,  C.  M.  98-1901,  Bayles,  T.  F. 
1902-1906,  Van  Hee,  T.  J.  (S.S.)  1907,  Martine,  A.  L  1908-1911,  Mac- 
Neill,   W.   N.    1911-1915,    Mould,    E.   W.   K.    1915-1919,   Fingar,    C.    J. 

1920 

Little  Falls  2d  (Hoi.),  N.J.,  1891.  Supplied  from  Paterson,  91-1901,  Te 
Paske,  J.  W.  1901-1907,  Bruins,  B.   1907-1911,  Zandstra,  S.   1912-1918, 

Sietsema,  J.   1919 

Little  Falls,  N.Y.,  see  Manheim,  N.Y. 
Little  Rock,  1895,  see  Salem,  la.     See  North  Sibley,  la. 
Little  Rock,  la.,  2d,  1919.     Classical  Missionary. 

Livingston,     (Germantown),    Columbia    Co.,    N.Y.,     1870.       Schermcrhorn, 

H.    R.    (S.S.)    71-2,   Van   Santvoord,   C.    (S.S.)    74-5,   Meyers,   A.    H. 

75-8,  Blauvelt.  C.  78-81,  LeFevre,  G.  82-6,  Emerick,  L  P.  86-9,  Whitney, 

89-93,  Shield,   1895-1902,  Doyle,  D.  P.  1903-1906,  Law^sing,  S.  O.   1907- 

1910,  Lusty,  G.  1910-1915,  Randolph,  E.  T.  F.  1916-1919. 

This    is   the    church   near    the    Hudson    River.      The   original    church   of 

Linlithgo  stood  on  this  ^ite  until   1814,  when  it  was  removed  inland  about 

five  miles  to  the  present  village  of  Johnstown.     In  1870  a  new  church  was 

established   on   the   old    site.      The    Livingston   vault    is   under   this   church, 

and  therein  are  buried  Robert  Livingston   (died  1728)   and  Alida  Schuyler 

his  wife,   (previously  wife  of  Rev.  Nich.  Van  Rensselaer),  and  about  400 

of  their  descendants. 

Livingston    Manor,    Columbia    Co.,    N.Y.,    1700-16.      Now    embracing    the 
churches  of  Ancram,  Linlithgo,  Taghkanic,    (or  Old   Stissing),  Green- 
bush,   (CI.  of  Hudson),  Livingston,  etc.     "Doc.  Hist."  i.  243;    iii.  365- 
402.     "Smiths  N.Y.,"  307. 
On  Oct.  I,  17 1 5,  Robert  Livingston  obtained  a  new  patent  for  his  Manor. 
In   said   patent  occurs  the   following :     "The  advowson,   right  of   patronage 
of  all  and  every  the  church  and  churches  erected,  or  there,  or  therefor  to 
be  erected,  had  or  established,  in  the  said   Manor";    "Doc.   Hist."   iii.  417, 
419,  420.     On  Oct.  8,   1715,  Rev.  J.   F.  Haeger  and  others  petitioned  for 
permission  to  erect  a  church  for  divine  service,  according  to  the  rights  of 
the  Church  of   England.     They  had  been  conducting  worship,  as  best  they 
could,   from  their   first   settlement   there.     "Doc.   Hist.   N.Y."   iii.   421.     On 
June    1st,    1 721,    Livingston   petitions    for   permission   to   collect    moneys   to 
build  a  Reformed  Dutch  Church  on  his  Manor.     "Doc.  Hist.  N.Y."  iii.  421. 
This  was  granted  by  Gov.  Burnet. — See  also  "Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y." 
Livingston    (Station).     Evans,  Wm.,  Miss,  to,   1826. 
Livingston  Alcmorial,  see   Sioux   Falls,   S.D. 
Locust  Valley,  L.I.,  1871,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Queens. 
Lodi,  Bergen  Co..  N.J.,  (Holl.),  1859.     Huyssoon,  59-64,  Wust,  64-8,  Betz, 
75-8,  Jongeneel,  L.  G.  78-92,  Hoonte,  1896-1909,  Van  Dyk,  J.  A.  1912- 
1918,  Struvk,  J.  A.  1919-20. 
Lodi,  2d,  N.J.,' 1878.     Offord,  78-84,  Manchee,  84-7,  Bolton,  88-90,  Johnston, 
Wm.  91-8,  Offord,   (S.S.)    1900-1904,  Zandstra,  Sidney  1909-1912,  Van 
Houten,  A.  J.  1912 


662  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IX    AMERICA 

Lodi,  N.J.,  Independent,  1868.    Wust,  1868-78. 

Lodi,  Seneca  Co.,  N.Y.  Organized  as  Presbyterian  Church,  1800,  became 
Reformed  1809.  Brokaw,  A.  1809-22,  Messier,  25-8,  Bennett,  A.  28.- 
38,  Liddell,  38-48,  Garretson,  G.  J.  49-52,  Van  Neste,  G.  J.  54-65,  Van 
Doren,  J.  A.  supplied,  66,  Collier,  I.  H.  67-9,  McMann,  A.  (S.S.)  69-70, 
McAdam,  71-84,  Murray,  C.  P.  84-6,  Ballagh,  W.  H.  86-8,  Porter,  C. 
F.  1888-1904,  Perkins,  F.  1905-1909,  Cook,  Seth,  1910-1914,  Meeker, 
E.  J.  1914-1920.  Dismissed  to  Presbytery  of  Geneva,  N.Y.  See  Dailey 
Hist.   Montgomery  CI.,  63.     Christian  Intelligencer,  June  2j,   1900. 

Logan,  Dell  Rapids,  S.D.,  1905.     Supplied  1905-1913.     DeBuhr,  P.  1913 

Long  Branch,  Monmouth  Co.,  N.J.,  1851.  Conklin,  Miss,  to,  47-51,  Wil- 
son, Jas.  B.  51-78,  Young,  Chs.  j.  79-86,  Campbell,  J.  B.  87-90,  Herman, 
90-7,  Staats,  B.  B.  1897-1905,  Froschl,  J.  1906-1908,  Shield,  F.  K.  1908- 

191 1,  Blekkink,  V.  J.  1912-1914,  Duncombe,  A.  1915 .    See  "Wilson's 

Decennial,"  1861. 

Long  Branch  2d,  1877.  (Known  as  the  Seaside  Chapel,  1867-78,  and  was 
supplied  during  the  summer  by  ministerial  visitors,  1867-78).  Wilson, 
J.  B.  78-80,  Phraner,  W.  H.  81-3. 

Long   Island  City,   L.I.,    1875.     See   N.Y.C.,   Borough  of   Queens. 

Long  Island  City,  (Laurel  Hill),  1875.  See  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Queens. 
First  Steinway,  Sunnyside. 

Low  Prairie.  111.,  1855.     Now  South  Holland. 

Lower  Canajoharie,   1773. 

Lower  Red  Hook,  see  .Red  Hook  Landing. 

Lower  Schoharie,  1770,  merged  into  the  Schoharie  Church.  See  Dailey  Hist. 
Montgomery  Classis,  127. 

Lower  Walpack,  see  Walpack  Lower. 

Lucas,  1893,  see  Rehoboth,  Mich. 

Luctor,  Prairie  View,  Phillips  Co.,  Kansas,  1885.  Scholten,  D.  86-91,  Smit, 
John,  92-3,  Van  der  Meulen,  Jacob,  93-6,  Van  Arendonck,  97-1901, 
Dykema,  1902-1904,  Vander  Ploeg,  H.  1904-1908,  Deelsnyder,  C.  W. 
1908-1912,  Lepeltak,  C.  1914-1919,  Stegeman,  Wm.   1919 

Luctor,   Minn.,   see  Churchville. 

Lynchburgh,  see  Bethel,  Shiloh,  S.C. 

Lynden,  Wash.,  191 1.    Brower,  J.  G.  1911-1916,  Pasma,  H.  K.  1917 

Lynnville,  see  Bethlehem,  la. 

Lyons,  Wayne  Co.,  N.Y.,  1833.     Nevius,  Miss,  to,  1835. 

Lyonsville,  Kripplebush,  Stone  Ridge,  Kyserike,  N.Y.,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y., 
1876  Deyo,  76-81,  supplied  by  ministers  and  licentiates,  1S81-1903, 
Clist,  C.  L.  (S.S.)  1903 — ,  MacNair,  W.  1904-1913,  and  again  1915, 
Beekman,  T.  A.   1916-1919,  Braithwaite,  T.   S.   1920-21. 

Lysander,  Onondaga  Co.,  N.Y.,  1828.  .Stevenson,  Miss,  to,  27-8.  Quaw, 
Miss,  to,  29-30,  Marcellus,  30-1,  Williams,  M.  B.  34-7,  Knight,  R.  W. 
46-8,  Bradford,  W.  W.  49-55,  Van  Vranken,  F.  V.  61-6,  Enders,  66-9, 
Wurts,  71-6. 

Macao,  E.I.,  1838,  see  India. 

Macon,  Lenawee  Co.,  Mich.,  1849.  Taylor,  A.  B.  49-52,  Kershow,  53-5, 
Beidler,  56-7,  Heermance,  Har.  57-62,  Skillman,  63-8,  Moerdyk,  P. 
69-71,  De  Spelder,  73-84,  Sutton,  84-7,  Gulick,  J.  I.  91-5,  Jongewaard, 
97-1901,  Scarlet,  G.  W.  1902-1910.     Became  Presbyterian  191 1. 

Macon,  South,  1863,  see  South  Macon,  Mich. 

Madison  Ave.,  see  Albany,  N.Y.,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Madison,  1843,  see  Caledonia,  Wis. 

Madison,  now  Leeds,  N.Y. 

Madnapalli,  1863,  see  India. 

Magnolia,  S.C,  1904.  see  Bethel,  Bethsaida. 

Madras,  see  India. 

Madura,  see  India. 


THE    CHURCHES  663 

Mahackeniack,  now  Deer  Park,  or  Port  Jervis,  N.Y. 

Mahwah,  1785,  see  Ramapo,  N.Y. 

Malcolm,  1835,  see  Tyre,  N.Y. 

Mamakating,  (VVurtsboro,  Rome),  Sullivan  Co.,  N.Y.,  1805.  Du  Bois,  G. 
20-4,  Van  Vechten,  S.  24-9,  Edwards  (S.S.)  31-4,  Drake,  42-4,  Hill- 
man,  46-9,  Cruikshank,  (S.S.)  49-53,  Searle,  S.  53-9,  Du  Bois,  John 
59-65,  Frazee,  66-9,  Ackerman,  70-4,  Todd,  A.  F.  76-80,  Du  Bois,  John 
(S.S.)  80-4,  Millett,  S.  85-91,  Gliddon,  A.  M.  (S.S.)  91-2,  Harris,  D.  T. 
92-5,  Clifton,  S.  T.  97-1900,  Crane,  1901-1917. 

Manayunk,  1829,  see  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Manhasset,  1816,  see  North  Hempstead,  L.I. 

Manhattan,  Mont.,  1910.  Duven,  Wm.  1912-1917,  Kroodsma,  R.  1917-1919, 
Vander  Schoor,  C.  1921 .     See  Big  Timber,  Hope,  Mont. 

Manheim,  (Snell's  Bush,  Ingham's  Mills),  Little  Falls,  Herkimer  Co.,  N.Y., 
1770,  Dyslin,  (S.S.)  1790-1815,  Goetschius,  S.  Z.,  Miss,  to,  22,  Ketchum, 
-23-30,  Manley,  J.  31-3,  Murphy,  34-6,  Weidman,  37-41,  Du  Bois,  John 
43-5,  Meyers,  A.  H.  48-52,  Weidman,  52-60,  Stanbrough,  61-76,  Mat- 
thews, A.  76-9.  Minor,  J.  (S.S.)  80-2,  vacant,  82-91,  Harris,  D.  T. 
91-2,  Ruhl,  F.  W.  93-5,  vacant,  95-8,  Bahler,  L.  H.  98-1900.  Supplied 
by  neighboring  pastors,  students  and  others  1900-1915,  vacant,  1915.  See 
Dailey  Hist.  Montgomery  Classis,  67.     Doc.  Hist.  N.Y.  iii.  674,  686. 

Manito,  ist,  Tazewell  Co.,  111.,  1879.  Gilmore,  73-80,  Force,  F.  A.  82-6, 
Ziegler,  87-8,  Wyckoff,  C.  S.  91-4,  Winter,  J.  P.  94-7,  Drake,  E.  A. 
1897-1903,   Shafer,  T.   1904-1907,  Dejong,  P.  C.  1910-1912. 

Manito.  1854,  see  Spring  Lake,  111. 

Manny's  Corner,  N.Y.  Branch  of  Amsterdam.  Ten  Eyck,  C.  1800-1802. 
Became  Presbyterian  1802. 

Manor  Chapel,  of  South  Church,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan,  South 
Church. 

Manville,  N.J.  (Hungarian),  1919.  Hamory,  L.  H.  S.  (S.S.)  1918-20, 
Kosa,   A.    (S.S.)    1920 

Mapes,  N.D.,  1905.     Name  disappears  1909. 

Maple  Lake,  1894.  see  Silver  Creek,  Minn. 

Mapletown,  Montgomery  Co.,  N.Y.,  1801,  (see  Middletown  and  Canajo- 
harie).  Toll,  1803-1821,  Van  Vechten,  S.  (S.S.)  1821-24,  Welton,  A. 
(S.S.)  1825,  Van  Olinda,  1827-31,  Hangen,  32-6,  Heermance,  Har.  37' 
40,  Frazer,  40-3,  Middlemas,  (S.S.)  44-6,  Carle,  47-51,  Buckelew,  51-5, 
Quick,  J.  J.  56-62,  Whitbeck,  R.  M.  (S.S.)  63-4.  Compton,  (S.S.) 
64-8,  Markle,  (S.S.)  69-71,  Sharpley.  74-80,  Jones,  Dewey,  May-Dec.  80, 
Compton,  J.  M.,  6  months,  82,  Minor,  J.  82-4,  Wyckoflf,  G.  86-7,  San- 
gree.  88-93,  Thomson,  J.  A.  1894-1902,  Florence,  E.  W.  1903,  Shepherd, 
F.  R.  (Pres.)  (S.S.)  1903-06,  Nelson,  S.  (Pres.)  (S.S.)  1906-1912, 
Frederick  E.  E.  (Pres.)  (S.S.)  1913-1917.  See  sketch  in  Ch.  Int.,  July 
15.  1852,  Dailey  Hist.  Mont.  CI.  71. 

Marble  Collegiate  Church,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Marbletown,  (Marmerton,  Mormelton),  Stone.  Ridge,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y., 
1737.  Supplied  occasionally  by  Van  Driessen,  J.,  and  by  ministers  of 
Kingston.  1737-56.  Frelinghuy.sen,  Jac.  called  1751.  but  d. ;  Frelinghuy- 
sen,  H.  1754-7,  Romeyn,  D.  1764-76,  Hardenbergh,  J.  R.  1781-6,  Van 
Home,  A.  1789-95,  Goetschius,  S.  1796-1814,  Carle,  1814-25,  Paulison, 
26-9.  Van  Dyck,  C.  L.  29-54,  McNair,  54-9,  Shaw,  W.  A.  59-60,  McNair, 
60-7,  Brush,  W.  W.  68-72,  Hulbert,  72-84,  Smitz,  B.  84-5,  Schomp,  85-92, 
Davis,  G.  93-1901,  Clist,  1901-1904,  MacNair,  W.  1904-1915,  Stevens, 
C.  1916-1919,  Langwith,  F.  A.  1920-21.  See  "Schomp's  Hist.  Address," 
1888.  There  was  preaching  here,  from  an  early  period,  1677.  See 
"Ecc.  Recs.,  N.Y."  This  church,  with  Rochester  and  Wawarsing,  were 
under  one  charter. 

Marbletown  2d,  (Conferentie),  1752.  Reorganized,  1771.  Supplied  by 
Rysdyck.    United  with  old  church,  1786. 


664  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Marbletown  2d,    (North),   1851.     Lippincott,    (S.S.)    1851-6,  Harris,  J.  F. 

1867-76,  Hulbert,  76-84,  Schomp,  85-92,  Davis,  G.  93-1901,  Vyverberg, 

H.  J.   (S.S.)    1904-1911,  Durfee,  J.  F.  1914 

Marconnier,  Oak  Tree,  N.J.,  1912.     Supply  1906-12,  Lansdale,  J.  T.  1912-21, 

pastor  emeritus  1921 ,  Read,  G.  O.  (S.S.)   1921. 

Mariaville,  Schenectady  Co.,  N.Y.,  1843.     Donald,  1844-50. 

Mariner's  Harbor,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Richmond. 

Marion,  see  Jersey  City. 

Marion,  Wayne  Co.,   N.Y.,   1870.     Warnshuis,  J.  W.  71-6,  Wabeke,  77-9, 

Kolyn,  81-6,  Hogeboom».  87-90,  Ihrman,  91-6,  Strabbing,  97-1900,  Bruins 

W.  H.  190G-1910,  Betten,  D.  L.  1910-1920,  Te  Paske,  A.  J.  1920 

Marion,    N.Y.,   2d,    1910.     Ihrman,   Peter,    1910-1911,   Van   Westenburg,    I. 

1912-1914,  Wolterink,  J.  1914-21,  Ossewarde,  John  1922 

Marion,  North,  N.D..  see  North  Marion,  N.D. 

Marion,  1882,  see  Sandham  Memorial,  S.D. 

Marlboro,  see  Freehold. 

Marmerton,  now  Marbletown. 

Marshallville,  (CI.  Rensselaer),  1831,  Cornell,  F.  F.  1831-2?  Schanck,  G.  C, 

Miss,  to,  Jan.-July,  1833,  Russell,    (S.S.)    1833. 
Martinsburgh,  Lewis  Co.,  N.Y.,  1827. 
Marutuvambada,  1868,  see  India. 
Mascat,  see  Arabia. 
Mason  City,   111.,  see  Pennsylvania  Lane,  111. 

Matlock,  la.,  1916.     Qassical  Missionary,  1916-1920.     Kots,  J.  W.  1920 

Matsumoto,  1912-17,  see  Japan. 

Mattoax   and   Amelia    Court-House,   Va.      Huizinga,    1870-6.      In    1884   be- 
came Presbyt. 
Mattrah,  see  Arabia. 
Maurice,  Sioux  Co.,  la.,  1884.     Boer,  H.  K.  85-90,  Wayenberg,  90-3,  Straks, 

94-8,    Ihrman,    1899-1910,    Wesselink,    J.    1910-1913,    Vanderbeek,    John 

1914-20,  Straaks,  J.  H.  1920 

Maurice,  American.   la.,   1907.     DeSpelder,  J.   A.   1908-1910,  Winter,  J.   E. 

1911-1912,  Dickens,  Wm.  H.  1913-1917,  Van  Wyk,  J.  C.  1919-21. 
Mayfield,  Fulton  Co.,  N.Y.,  1793.    Ten  Eyck,  1799-1812,  Amerman,  A.  17-21, 

Van  Olinda,  Miss,  to,  24,  Van  Vechten,   S.,  Miss,  to,   1823-4.     Became 

Presbyterian.   1826.     See  Dailey  Hist.   Montgomery  Classis,   123.     Doc. 

Hist.  iii.  673,  683. 
Mayfield.  Independent,  1821.     Amerman,  A.  21-43,  W^stervclt,  J.  P.  45-55. 

See  Dailey  Hist.  Montgomery  Classis,  130. 
Maywood.  N.J.,  see  Spring  Valley,  N.J. 

McKee,  Kentucky,  191 1.     Messier,  Isaac  1911-1919,  Dejong,  F.  H.  1920 

Medina,  Lenawee  Co.,  Mich.,  1846.     Heermance,  Har.  46-51. 

Meekin,  see  Silver  Creek,  111. 

Mellenville,    (Claverack   2d),    1838.      (Supplied   by    Sluyter,   38-42,   and   by 

Wynkoop,  P.  S.  42),  Vandervoort,  42-5,  Himrod,  45-51,  Pitcher,  J.  H. 

52-61,  Sebring,  62-85,  Gebhard,  J.  G.  85-91,  Hunter,  92-9,  Collier,  G.  Z. 

1900-191C,  Appledoorn,  L.  1911-1918,  Beseigel,  W.  E.  1919 

Melrose,   1854,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  The  Bronx. 

Melvin,  la.,  1916.     Furda,  E.  1917-1919,  Van  Eerden,  P.  1919 

Melvin,  la.,  see  Baker,  la. 

Mescalero,  N.M.   (Indian),  1909.     Fincher,  E.  B.  1909-1911,  Harper,  R.  H. 

1911-1913,   Dykema,  J.    (S.S.)    1913  and   1914-15,  Curtis,   N.   R.   1916- 

1917. 
Meservey,  Alexander,  Belmont,  la.,  1907.     Reeverts,  F.   (S.S.)    1907,  Theil- 

ken,  J.  G.  1909 ,  Pannkuk,  H.  1910 

Metuchen,    Middlesex    Co.,    N.J.,    1857.      Thompson,    J.    B.    59-66,    Bogert, 

N.   J.   M.  67-70,   Lord,   E.  70-81,   Cruikshanks,   Jas.   81-7,   Wyckoff,   G. 

87-94,  Raven,  94-9,   Searle,   E.  V.   V.    1900-1907,  Conklin,  J.  W.   1908- 

1909,   Van   Zanten,    J.   W.    1910-1919,    Zimmerman,    F.    1919 .      See 

Cruikshanks  Hist.  Discourse,   1882. 


THE    CHURCHES 


66: 


Middleburgh,  (Upper  Schoharie),  1730.  (Schoharie,  Wysersdorp  Building). 
Erickson,  R.  1730-1731,  Weiss,  G.  M.  1731-2,  Erickson,  R.  1732-6, 
Schuyler,  J.  1736-56,  Goetschius,  J.  M.  1756-60,  Rosencrantz,  Ab.  1760-S, 
ministering    in    German;     Westerlo,    W.,    co-pastor    with    Rosencrantz, 

-  ministering  in  Dutch,  1761-4;  Schuyler,  J.  1766-79,  supplies,  1779-85. 
Gross,  J.  D.  Van  Nest,  R.,  Gebhard,  J.  G.,  Schneyder,  G.  W.  1785-87. 
1788,  Collegiate  connection  with  Schoharie  was  severed;  Broffel,  1788- 
95,  Van  Nest,  R.  1797-1803,  supplied  by  Schermerhorn,  C.  D.,  Sickles, 
J  Wyckoff,  H.  v.,  1803-11,  DeVoe.  D.  1811-16,  Schermerhorn,  J.  F. 
1816-26,  Garretson,  John  1827-33,  Steele,  J.  B.  1834-8,  Boyd,  J.  1840-42, 
Mersereau,  L.  (Pres.)  (S.S.)  1842-5,  West,  J.  1845-52,  See,  I.  McB. 
1852-4.  Vedder,  E.  1855-63,  Bogardus,  W.  E.  (S.S.)  1863-4,  Lott,  1864- 
70,  Roe.  1 87 1 -6,  Gardner,  J.  E.  1876-80,  Sebring,  E.  N.  1880-4,  Van 
Dorn,  D.  K.  1885-90,  Pitcher,  C.  W.  1891-1906,  Buckle,  G.  1907-10, 
Collier,  G.  Z.  1910 .     See  Danforth  Hist.  Address,  1886. 

Middleburg,  1894,  see  Free  Grace,  la. 

Middlebush.  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,  1834.  Schultz,  34-8,  Van  Doren,  J.  A. 
38-66,  Swain,  66-8,  Alershon,  69-74,  Le  Fevre,  Jan.  75-1902,  Thomson, 
J.  A.  1902-1920,  Langwith,  F.  A.  1921 .  See  Le  Fevre's  Hist.  Dis- 
course, 1884. 

Middle  Collegiate,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Middleport.  1852,  now  Kershonksen,  N.Y. 

Middletown,  Delaware  Co.,  N.Y.,  same  as  Coshington. 

Middletown,  Saratoga  Co.,  N.Y.,  1791-  Close,  John  1796-1804.  See  Dailey 
Hist.  Montgomery  CI.,  123. 

Middletown,  N.Y.,  1798.    Name  changed  to  Mapletown,  about  1835. 

Middletown.  N.Y..  Secession,  1822. 

Middletown,  N.J.,  1799,  now  Holmdel.  Middletown  and  Freehold  ist,  were 
one  corporation  until  1825. 

Middletown,  Alonmouth  Co.,  N.J.,  1836.  Supplied  by  Beekman.  J.  T.  B. 
36-9,  Crawford,  39-40,  Millspaugh.  41-66,  Seibert,  66-71,  Van  Doren, 
L.  H.  71-6,  Buck,  77-93,  Hageman,  P.  K.  1894-1902,  Brown,  W.  D.  1903- 
1905,  Forbes,  J.  C.  1906-1910,  Roeder,  C.  W.  1911-1914,  Conklin,  M.  T. 
1915-20,  Thomson,  J.  A.  1921 

Midwout.  a  name  including  the  several  churches  in  Kings  Co.,  L.I.^^  See 
Kings  Co.     On  the  name  Midwout,  see  "Gen.  a;nd  Biog.  Record,"  viii. 

163. 
Mile  Square,  1900,  see  Yonkers,  N.Y. 
Milesville.    Sullivan    Co.,    N.Y.,    1858.      Boehrer,    62-6,    Schnellendreussler, 

68-9. 
Mil  ford,  la.,  see  Ebenezer. 
Millbrook,  South  Millbrook,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y.,  1866.     Cobb,  H.  N.  66-81, 

Stockwcll.     (assoc.    pastor).    69-71,    Hill,    Miss,    at,    72,    Lyall,    J.    E. 

,881 .    This  church  has  three  chapels :    Bloomwall,  1869;    Mabbetts- 

ville,  1872;    Little  Rest,  1873. 
Miller,  S.  D.  1910. 

Mill  Point,  1870.  see  Spring  Lake,  Mich. 
Millstone,  N.J.,  now  Harlingen.     Prior  to  1766,  Millstone,  in  the  "Minutes 

Ecc.    Rec."    and    early    writings    generally,    means    Harlingen.       (See 

"Millstone  Centennial"). 
Millstone,  1766,  see  Hillsborough,  N.J. 
Milwaukee,    Milwaukee   Co.,   Wis.,    1849.     Klyn,   51-4,   Bolks,   55-61,   Van- 

dcrmeulen,   John  62-70,   Zwemer,  A.   70-3,   Duiker.  74-7,   Moerdyk,  W. 

77-84.    Broek,    J.    84-93,    Moerdyk,    W.    95-1900,    Veldman,    1901-1906, 

Bruins,  H.  AI.  1907-1917,  Ter  Keurst,  H.  D.  1918 
Mina   Corners,   Chautauqua   Co.,   N.Y.,    1856.     Dunnewold,   supplied,   56-60, 

pastor.  60-68,  Weber,  Jac.  71-4,  Boehrer,  76-9,  vacant,  79-87.  when  name 

of  ch.  is  dropped.    See  Dailey  Hist.  Montgomery  CI.,  134. 
Minaville,  1784,  now  Florida,  N.Y. 


666  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Minden,  1816.     See  Dailey  Hist.  Montgomery  Classis,  123. 

Minisink,  (Nominack),  at  Montague,  Sussex  Co.,  NJ.,  1737.  Supplied 
occasionally  by  Mancius,  1737-41,  Fryenmoet,  1741-56,  Romeyn,  T. 
1760-72,  Van  Bunschooten,  E.  1785-1799,  Demarest,  John,  1803-8, 
Eltinge,  C.  C.  16-37,  Ayres,  38-41,  Bookstaver,  41-7,  (Morse,  J.  G. 
Presbyt.  supply,  48-9),  Demarest,  John  T.  50-2,  Jones,  D.  A.  52-8, 
Gates,  60-2,  Cornell,  Wm.  62-3,  Moore,  W.  S.  64-9,  Turner,  72-5,  Fitz- 
gerald, 79-81,  Stillwell,  J.  L.  82-4,  Millett,  Jos.  87-90,  Lane,  G.  93-6, 
Meyer,  A.  J.  1900-1904.  Occasional  supplies.  See  "Mills'  Hist.  Discs.," 
1874  and  1878. 

Moddersville,  Missanke  Co.,  Mich.,  1892.    Vennema,  S.  92-8. 

Mohawk,  Herkimer  Co.,  N.Y.,  1838.  Murphy,  40-3,  Starks,  44-52,  Slinger- 
land,  55-6,  Hammond,  J.  W.  56-9,  Nott,  C.  D.  59-64,  Slingerland,  65-6, 
Consaul,  (S.S.)  67-70,  Wilson,  F.  F.  70-2,  Bogardus,  F.  M.  72-6,  Lan- 
sing, J.  G.  77-9,  Edmondson,  81-6,  Brandow,  86-8,  Minor,  A.  D.  88-91, 
Van  Allen,  L  92-8,  Meeker,  E.  J.  1899-1903,  Kinney,  C.  W.  1906-1911, 

Becker,  O.  E.  1912-1917,  Boyton,  A.  B.  1919 .     Dailey  Hist.  Mont. 

CI.,  TZ.  See  "Doc.  Hist.  N.Y."  iv.  314,  Rev.  John  Stuart,  of  Ch.  o-f 
England,  reads  service,  1770-5,  at  Fort  Hunter  (or  Mohawk)  to  the 
Dutch. 

Mombacus,  1701,  now  Rochester,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y. 

Monarch,  Alberta,  Canada,  1910.     Van  Dyk,  A.  1916-1919. 

Monroe,  Aplington,  Butler  Co.,  la.,  1886.  Schaefer,  F.  1886-1908,  Russ- 
mann,  E.  K.  1909-21,  Achtermann,  H.  1921 

Monroe,  S.D.,  1894.  Thormann,  E.  H.  1897-1903,  Siemsen,  D.  1903-1908, 
Reeverts,  F.  1908-1913,  Koerlin,  E.  F.  1914-1919,  Licht,  Wm.  1920 

Monroe,  1894,  see  Sandham  Memorial,  S.D. 

Monsey,  N.Y.,  see  Saddle  River,  West  New  Hempstead. 

Montague,  1737,  see  Minisink,  N.J. 

Montague,  Muskegon  Co.,  Mich.,  1875.    Name  dropped  after  1885. 

Montana,  ist,  Conrad,  Mont.,  1908.  Roggen,  J.  A.  1911-1916,  Duven,  Wtn. 
1917 

Montclair  Heights,  Upper  Montclair,  Essex  Co.,  N.J.,  1897.  Supplied  by 
Bogardus,  W.  E.  95-7,  Gulick,  C.  W.  1898-1903,  Von  Schlieder,  Albert 
1903-1910,  Hulst,  G.  D.  1910 .     Milliken  (S.S.)   1917-18. 

Montgomery,  (Wallkilh),  Orange  Co.,  N.Y.,  1732.  Vrooman,  1753-4,  Kern, 
1771-8,  Van  Nest,  R.  1778-85,  Froeligh,  M.  1788-1817,  Fonda,  Jesse, 
17-27,  Lee,  R.  P.  29-58,  Van  Zandt,  A.  B.  59-72,  Brett,  C.  73-6,  Schenck, 
F.  S.  77-90,  McCready,  90-4,  Berg,  J.  F.  95-1902,  Crispell,  P.  1902-1915, 
Ballard,  B.  1915 

Montgomery  2d,  1752.    Conferentie. 

Mont  Pleasant,  1892,  see  Schenectady,  N.Y. 

Montrose,  1729,  see  Courtlandtown,  N.Y. 

Montville,  (Parsipanny,  or  Boonton),  Morris  Co.,  N.J.,  1756.  Marinus, 
supplied,  1756-68,  (Blauw,  Conferentie,  1762-8),  Myer,  H.  supplied, 
1772-91,  Ostrander,  S.  1794-1810,  Kuypers,  W.  P.  1801-5,  Brinkerhoflf, 
21-4,  Messier,  Miss,  to,  24,  Morris,  J.,  Miss,  to,  25,  Tarbell,  Miss,  to, 
26,  Ogilvie,  26-7,  Messier,  29-32,  Cornell,  F.  F.  33-6,  Woods,  38,  Lord, 
Jer.  L.  40-3,  Janeway,  J.  L.  43-50,  Conklin,  Nath.  51-70,  Van  Doren, 
L.  H.  71-4,  Collier,  L  H.  74-9,  Kemlo,  80-3,  Van  Fleet,  84-89,  Clist, 
89-91,  Luckenbill,  92-5,  Mattice,  A.  96-1901,  Duck,  E.  M.  1905-1911, 
Nies,  M.  G.  1912-1914,  various  supplies,  Flipse,  M.  E.  1920-1921. 

MonWille,  Secession,  1824.    Brinkerhoff ,  J.  G.,  Miss,  to,  1824,  again,  1825-30. 

Moore.  Okl.,  Case  Township,  1906,  Okl.     Sandham  Memorial. 

Moresville,  1836,  see  Grand  Gorge,  N.Y.,  Roxbury. 

Morioko,  1888-1917,  see  Japan. 

Mormelton,  now  Marbletown,  N.Y. 

Morrison,  1896,  see  Ebenezer,  111. 

Morrison,  111.,  1909,  see  Ustick. 


THE    CHURCHES  667 

Mott  Haven,  1851,  see  New  York  City,  Borough  of  The  Bronx. 
Mottville,   St.  Joseph  Co.,   Mich.,    1849.      Seeber,    1849-51,   Bailey,    1856-63, 

Beardsley,  1863-4. 
Mountain   Lakes.   N.J.,   1913.     Depue,   F.   E.    1913    (S.S.)    Gouwens,  T.  T. 

1915-1921,  Miller,  J.  C.  1921 

Mt.  Greevvood,  Blue  Island,  111.,   1913.     Kregel,  J.   H.    1914-1917,  Dykstra, 

J.  D.  1917-1918,  Zandstra,  F.  1919 

Mt.  Marion,  N.Y.,  see  High  Woods,  N.Y. 

Mt.   Marion.   N.Y.,   see  Plattskill,   N.Y. 

Mt.  Morris,  Livingston  Co.,  N.Y.,   1839.     Hammond,   1842-5. 

Mt.  Morris,  Secession,  1828.     Brinckerhoff,  J.  G.   1844 

Mt.  Olivet,  Italian,  see  Newark,  N.J.,  1918. 

Mt.  Pleasant,  now  Stanton,  N.J. 

Mt.  Pleasant,  now  Greenport,  N.Y. 

Mt.  Pleasant.  1829,  see  New  York  City,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Mt.  Pleasant,  see  Schenectady. 

Mt.  Ross,  1746,  see  Gallatin,  N.Y. 

Mt.  Vernon,  Westchester  Co.,  N.Y.,   1853.     Snyder,  B.   F.,  Miss,  to,  52-4, 

See,  I.  M.  54-64,  Hutton.  M.  H.  64-79,  Clearwater,  79-94,  Scudder,  F. 

94-7,  Tyndall,  1897-1921,  Broek,  A.  1922 

Muitzeskill,  1756,  see  Schodack,  N.Y. 

Munsonville,  N.Y.,  (Independent),  1813.     Palmer,  S.  1818 .     See  Dailey 

Hist.  Montgomery  Classis,  123. 
Muscatine,  Muscatine  Co.,  la.,  1891.     Scholten,  91-6,  Dragt,  97,  Te  Winkle, 

99-1901,   Flikkema,   1902-1905.  Menning,   S.  J.   1905-1910,  Mollema,  H. 

1910-1912,  De  Bruine,  S.  1913-1914,  Vanden  Berge,  E.  1915-1917.     Dis- 
banded 1918. 
Muskegon,    Muskegon    Co.,    Mich..    1859.      Houbolt,    64-71,    Vandermeulen, 

Jac.  C.  7^-89,  Moerdyk,  Wm.  90-2,  Van  Zanten,  93-9,  Luxen,  1900-1918, 

Bovenkerk,  J.  1919 — ;- 
Muskegon,  2d,  1891.     Hos'pers,  G.  H.  93-4,  Bloemendal,  R.  1897-1905,  Van 

Zomeren,  J.  1907-1910,  Hondelink.  G.  1912-1918,  Karreman,  A.  1918 

Muskegon,  Mich.,  3d.  An  Independent  Reformed  Church.  Became  Re- 
formed  1903.     TeGrootenhuis,  G.  H.  E.  1903-1905,  Broek,  J.   1905-22. 

Muskegon,  Mich.,  Unity,  191 7.     Heneveld,  G.  G.  1918 

Muskegon.  Mich.,  5th,  1918.     Bouma,  P.  A.  J.   1919. 

Muskegon  Heights.     Covenant  Reformed,  1920.     Droppers,  O.  G.  1920 

Nagano,  1897- 191 7,  see  Japan. 

Nagasaki.  1859,  see  Japan. 

Nansimur,   1871,  see  India. 

Napanoch,  same  as  Wawarsing,  N.Y. 

Narasinganur,  see  India. 

Nasaria,  see  Arabia. 

Nassau,  (Union  Village),  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.Y.,  1803.  Bork,  1804-8,  Fonda, 
Jesse  1809-13.  Van  Buren,  P.  14-20,  Romeyn,  Jas.  21-7,  Hermance, 
(S.S.)  1828,  Morris,  J.  F.  29-32,  Hunt,  C.  32-7,  Knox,  J.  P.  38-41, 
Holmes,  41-52,  Steele,  R.  H.  52-63.  Collier.  I.  H.  64-6.  Brush,  A.  H. 
67-80,  Dcmarest,  J.  S.  N.  81-3.  Bertholf,  J.  H.  83-6.  Beaver,  89-98, 
Lydecker.  G.  D.  98-1902.  Chrestensen,  D.  H.  1903 

Naumbcrg.  (Gcr.),  Castorland.  Lewis  Co..  N.Y.,  1855.  Wolff.  56-60,  Becker, 
60-70.  Boehrer,  70-6,  Warnshuis,  H.  M.  77-9,  Moelling,  P.  A.  80-4,  Ung- 
laub,  85-8,  vacant,  88-93,  Barny,  W.  F.  93-6.  Occasional  supplies.  See 
Dailey  Hist.  Montgomery  CI..  75. 

Navarre,  Minn..  1903.  see  Spring  Creek.  Minn. 

Navasink.  (Neversink),  1699.  See  Freehold,  Holmdel,  Marlboro  and  Mid- 
dletown,  N.J. 

Nepcran,  1818.  see  Unionville.  N.Y. 

Neshaminy,    Bucks   Co.,    Pa.,    1710.     Van   Vleck,    P.    1710-13,    supplied   by 


668  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Malachi  Jones,  1714-19,  became  Presbyterian. — This  church  was  at 
first  in  union  with  North  and  South  Hampton,  being  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Feasterville.  See  Journal  of  Pres.  Hist.  Soc,  vol.  i,  No.  i. 
May,  1901. 

Neshanic,  (Shannick,  Nechanic,  New  Shannock),  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,  1752. 
Hardenbergh,  J.  R.  1758-61,  Van  Harlingen,  J.  M.  1762-95,  Froeligh, 
S.  1780-6,  Smith,  W.  R.  1794-1817,  Polhemus,  H.  1798-1808,  Labagh, 
P.    1809-21,   Ludlow,   G.  21-78,   Hart,   J.    1875-1922,   Van   Strien,   J.   J. 

1922 .     See  "Ludlow's  Fifty  Years  of  Pastoral  Work,"  1871.     Also 

Christian  Int.,  Aug.  27,  1902. 

Nestegauna,  now  Niskayuna. 

Netherwood,  Plainfield,  N.J.,  1910.  Stout,  R.  A.  1910-1913,  Ralston,  E.  S. 
1914-1920,  Marcy,  S.  H.  1920 

Neversink,   ("M.G.S."  i.  19,  22),  an  error  for  Minisink. 

Neversink,  see  Navasink. 

Neversink,  now  Fallsburgh. 

New  Amstel,  (New  Castle),  Del.,  1642.  (Campanius,  John  1642-54,  Swed- 
ish). R.D.C.  1654,  organized  by  Polhemus,  on  his  way  from  Brazil. 
Welius,  1657-9,  Hadson  called,  d.  on  passage,  1664,  Tesschenmaeker, 
1679-82;  supplied  occasionally  by  Varick,  1687.  (Now  Presbyt.).  Full 
account  in  "Spotswood's  Historical  Sermon";  also  "Ecc.  Rec." ;  "Col. 
Hist.  N.Y."  ii.  4-84,  iii.  115,  251,  and  the  new  vol.  xii.  "Doc.  Hist." 
iii.  31,  82,  83.     "Asher,"  xxxvii. 

New  Amsterdam,  1628,  now  New  York  Collegiate  Church.  See  New  York, 
borough  of  Manhattan. 

New  Amsterdam,  La  Crosse  Co.,  Wis.,  1877.     In  1884  became  Presbyterian. 

Newark,  Essex  Co.,  N.J.,  churches  in : 

1.  Newark   ist,    (Market   St.),   1833.      (Clinton   Av.  and   Johnson   St., 

1898).  Wells,  R.  33-42,  Scott,  Jas.  43-58,  Terhune,  59-76,  Gleason, 
77-86,  Easton,  T.  C.  86-9,  Martyn,  C.  90-2,  Lee,  T.  I.  1893-1905, 
Hutchison,   S.  N.   1906-1909,  Trousdale,  O.  M.   191 1 

2.  Newark  2d,  (Ferry  St.),  1848.     (On  New  York  Av.,  1890).     Wil- 

liamson, G.  R.  48-9,  Van  Brunt,  supplied,  49,  Abeel,  G.  50-65, 
Riddle,  M.  B.  65-9,  Brett,  C.  70-3,  Van  Vranken,  F.  V.  74-82, 
Davis,  J.  A.  83-9,  Sullivan,  90-1,  Allen,  J.  S.  1891-1906,  Tulp, 
A.  P.  1907-1909,  Davis,  E.  E.  1910-1917,  Donovan,  G.  H.  1918 

3.  Newark  3d,  1848.     Serenbets,  1849,  Lehlback,  1850-61. 

4.  Newark,  North,   (Broad  St.),  1856.     Polhemus,  A.,  May-Oct.,  1857, 

Du  Bois,  H.  59-61,  Demarest,  Jas.  (Jr.)  63-6,  Hart,  66-80,  Wa- 
ters, 81-93,  Mackay,  94-9,  Vance,  1900-1910,  Stewart,  C.  H.  1913- 

1918,  Drumm,  T.  P.  1919 .     Assistants :    Leggett,  L.  G.  1899, 

Gulick,  C.  W.  1903-1906,  Hageman,  P.  K.  1906-1910,  Boeve,  L. 
1910-1914,  Chambers,  S.  D.  1914-1917,  Condit,  C.  B.  1918-1920, 
Van  Westenberg,  Anthony  1920.     See  "Decennial  Celebration." 

5.  Newark,   West,    (Blum    St.),    1866.      Wenisch,   67-74.   Kern,    76-82, 

Girtanner,  1882-1918,  P.Em.   1918,  Coenen,  H.  G.  1919 

6.  Newark,    South,    (Clinton    Av.),    1868.      Taylor,    W.    J.    R.    69-89, 

Martin,  D.  H.  1890-1908,  Broek,  A.  T.  1908-22.  Assistants: 
Mattice,  A.  1901-1904,  Arcularius,  A.  M.  1905-1910.  See  "Decen- 
nial Memorial,"  1878.     Ch.  Int.,  May  30,  1900. 

7.  Newark,    East,    (East    Ferry    St.),    1869.      (Called    Trinity,    since 

1888).  Brokaw,  I.  P.  69-74,  Blauvelt,  C.  R.  74-7,  Jan.  i ;  Krueger, 
C.  H.  T.  77-80,  Shafer,  T.  82-4,  Preyer,  84-6,  Milliken,  R.  P. 
87-93,  Morris,  J.  N.  1893-1907,  Condit,  C.  B.  1907-1917,  Fenn,  R. 
F.  1918 

8.  Woodside,    (Belleville  Av.),   Delavan   Ave.,    1871.      (Called   Christ 

Church,  since  1893).  Macauley,  J.  M.  72-80,  Brodhead,  W.  H. 
(S.S.)  81-2,  Jones,  C.  H.  85-94,  Schenck,  I.  V.  W.  94-9,  Mellen, 


THE    CHURCHES  669 

1900-1912.     Disbanded    1914.     Reorganized   1916.     Post,   H.   K. 

19 1 7 . 

9.     Mt.  Olivet,  (Italian),  Prospect  Ave.,  1918.     Febrile,  D.  N.  1919 

Newark,  1835,  see  Arcadia,  N.Y. 

New  Baltimore,  Greene  Co.,  N.Y.,  1833.  Van  Santvoord,  S.  (S.S.)  34-40, 
Gosman,  J.  (S.S.)  41-2,  Murphy,  J.  (S.S.)  42-3,  Cornell,  J.  A.  H.  43-8, 
Peltz,  48-51,  Davies,  52-5,  Gardner,  56-60,  Strong,  R.  G.  61-70,  Zabris- 
kie,  Jer.  L.  70-82,  Arcularius,  83-97,  Van  Fleet,  1898-1911,  Torrens, 
W.  R.  1912-1917,  Kanter,  H.  1917-21,  DeMeester,  P.  1922—. 

New  Bremen,  Lewis  Co.,  N.Y.,  1855.  Wolff,  56-60,  Becker,  60-70,  Bochrer, 
70-6,  Warnshuis,  H.  M.  77-9,  Moiling,  80-4,  Unglaub,  85-8,  vacant, 
88-93,  Barny,  W.  F.  93-6,  vacant,  1896-1900.  Disbanded  1900.  See 
Dailey  Hist.  Mont.  CI.,  123. 

New  Brighton,  or  Brighton  Heights,  1823,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Rich- 
mond. 

New  Broadalbin,  see  Caughnawaga. 

New  Brooklyn,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

New  Brunswick,  Middlesex  Co.,  N.J.,  churches  in ; 

1.  New  Brunswick  ist,    (see  Three  Mile  Run),   Middlesex  Co.,  N.J., 

1717.  Burnet  st.,  cor.  of  Schureman  st.,  1717-67;  then  at  Neilson 
St.  at  head  of  Hiram  st.  Frelinghuysen,  T.  J.  1720-48,  Leydt, 
J.  1748-83,  Hardenbergh,  J.  R.  1786-90,  Condict,  1794-1811, 
Schureman,  12-13,  Fonda,  Jesse  13-17,  Ludlow,  J.  17-19-  Ferris, 
L  21-4,  Hardenbergh,  J.  B.  25-9,  Janeway,  J.  J.  30-1,  How,  32-61, 
Steele,   R.    H.   63-80,    Easton.   T.    C.   81-6,    Pockman,    1887-1911, 

Hogan,  J.  S.  1912 

Chartered,  1753,  as  one  corporation  with  Raritan,  North  Branch, 
(now  Readington),  Millstone,  (now  Harlingen),  Six  Mile  Run. 
This  charter  is.  published  in  Dr.  Messler's  work,  "Memorial 
Sermons  and  Historical  Notes,"  1873. — See  "Steele's  Hist.  Disc, 
1867,  at  150th  Anniversary." 

2.  New  Brunswick  2d,   (George  st.,  cor.  of  Albany),   1843.     Demarest, 

D.  D.  43-52,  Woodbridge,  52-7,  Wilson,  H.  M.  58-62,  Schenck, 
J.  W.  63-6,  Hartranft,  67-78,  Hutton,  M.  H.   1878-1907,  P.  Em. 

1907-1909,  Ingham,  J.  A.  1910-20,  Holden,  L.  H.  1921 .    See 

"Semi-Centennial,"  1893. 

3.  New    Brunswick   3d,    (Ger.),    Guilden    st.,    1851.      Serenbets,    51-4, 

Schneeweiss,  55-8,  Hones,  (S.S.)  58-60,  Meyer,  C.  (S.S.)  63-4, 
Cludius.  65-6,  Meyer,  C.  1867-1901.     Dropped  1912. 

4.  New  Brunswick,  Suydam  St.,  1884.    Campbell,  W.  H.  85-90,  Camp- 

bell. A.  D.   1890-1913,  Payson,  G.  H.    (S.S.)    1913-1915.  Pastor, 

1915 .     See  "Memorial  of   Dr.  W.   H.  Campbell,"   for  early 

history. 

5.  Highland  Park,  1890.     Supplied  by  Corwin,  E.  T.  90-1.  Thompson, 

J.  B.  91-7.  Van  Dyck,  Alex.  1897-1903,  Meeker,  E.  J.  1904-1908, 
Easton,  T.  C.  1909-1910,  Shield.  F.  K.  1911-1918,  Luidens,  Anth- 
ony, 1919 

Newburgh,  Orange  Co.,  N.Y.,   1835.     Cruikshank,  W.  35-8,   Fisher,   I.  M. 

38-9,  Vanderveer,  F.  H.  39-42,  Van  Zandt,  A.  B.  42-9,  McLaren,  50-9, 

Mandoville,  G.  H.  59-69,  Gleason,  70-6,  Carroll,  76-81,  Myers,  H.  V.  S. 

82-91,  Beattie,  R.  H.  1891-1903,  Broek,  A.  T.  1903-1908,  Purdy,  M.  S. 

1909 .    "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  327-364,  (352).    Sketch  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  May  2, 

1878.  • 

Newburgh.  N.Y.,  1922,  Italian.     Moncada,  P.  S.  1922 

New  Castle,  1764,  see  New  Castle,  Amstel,  Del. 

New  Concord,  East  Chatham,  Ghent,  Columbia  Co.,  N.Y.,  1857.     (Previously 

Congregational).    Decker,  57-60,  Jansen,  61-4,  Jones,  D.  A.  64-7,  Bevier, 


6/0  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

(S.S.)  67-73,  Harris,  H.  R.  (S.S.)  73-4,  Mead,  (S.S.)  74-6,  Ashley, 
(S.S.)  76-8.  King,  Rufus,  (Presbyt.)  (S.S.)  78-80,  Staats,  J.  A.  (S.S.) 
80,  Brown,  T.  S.  80-91,  occasional  supplies,  1891-1906,  Beaver,  J.  P. 
(S.S.)   1902-1906,  Black.  J.  1908-1918,  Beaver,  J.  P.  (S.S.)  1919 

Nevkr  Durham,  Weehawken,  Hudson  Co.,  N.J.,  1843.  (The  Grove  Church). 
Taylor,  W.  J.  R.  44-6,  Mabon,  W.  V.  V.  46-81,  Scudder,  W.  H.  82-4, 
Gowen,  I.  W.  1885 .  Assistants:  Ackert,  W.  R.  1895-1901,  Daw- 
son,  C.    1901 ,  Hopper,  A.  W.    1903-1907,   Miller,  J.   C.    1907-1911, 

Conklin,  W.  D.  1913-1915,  Allen,  H.  B.  1919 

New  Era,  Oceana  Co.,  Mich.,  1894.  Van  der  Ploeg,  H.  95-1900,  Osse- 
waarde,  John,  1900-1904,  Oosterhof,  A.  1904-1909,  Straks,  H.  1909- 
1912,  Dykema,  K.  J.  1912-1917,  Maatman,  A.  1919 — — 

New  Foundland,  Passaic  Co.,  N.J.,  1815. 

New  Hackensack,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y.,  1758.     Rysdyck,  1765-89,  Van  Vran- 
ken,  N.  1791-1804,  Barcolo,  1805-10,  DeWitt,  T.  12-26,  Dwight,  M.  W. 
26-33,   Van    Cleef,    C.    33-66,    Ward,    H.    67-87,    Du    Mont,    1888-1911,' 
Ackerly,  E.  R.  1912-1914,  Conger,  A.  M.  1914-20. 

New  Harlem,  same  as  Harlem,  N.Y.C. 

New  Harlem,  same  as  Fonda's  Bush,  N.Y. 

New  Haven,  (South  Ch.  Cong.),  Ct..  1852.  (Stiles  supplied,  52-7,  Noyes, 
57-61,  Carroll,  61-8).  Ref.  Ch.  1868.  Carroll,  68-9,  Brush,  W.  (S.S.) 
69,  Branch,  -69-72.  See  "Hallack's  Hist,  of  South  Church  of  New 
Haven." 

New  Hempstead,  now  Clarkstown,  N.Y. 

New  Holland,  same  as  Noord  Holland  or  North  Holland. 

New  Holland,  Englewood,  Col.,  1906.     Classical  Missionary.     Dropped  1910. 

New  Holland,  Alderson,  Alta,  Canada,  1914.  (Carlstadt).  Supplies,  1914- 
21,  Vander  Schoor,  Cor.  1921 

New  Hurley,  Wallkill,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1770.  Goetschius,  S.  1775-96, 
Meyer,  J.  H.  1799-1803,  Froeligh.  P.  D.  1807-16,  Bogardus.  W.  R.  17-28, 
Venderveer,  F.  H.  29-39,  Demarest,  Wm.  40-5,  Slingerland,  46-54,  Com- 
fort, 54-71,  Beattie,  R.  H.  72-84,  Gillespie.  85-8,  Scarlett,  G.  H.  88-95, 
Thurston,  1895-1903,  Shield,  F.  K.  1904-1906,  Berger,  A.  L.  G. 
1907-1910,  DeKraker,  J.  J.  1911-1912,  Dangermond,  G.  C.  1913-1916, 
Scholten,  G.  B.  1916— — .  See  "Comfort's  Hist.  Discourse."  1870.  Also 
"Ch.  Int.,"  May  18,  1898. 

New  Hyde  Park,  Queens  Co..  N.Y.,  1893.  Hieber,  L.  93-5,  Van  Gieson, 
D.  E.  (S.S.)  95-8,  various  supplies,  1898-1915,  MacNeil,  Wm.  N.  1915- 
1918,  Van  Antwerpen,  A.  E.   1918-1920,   Smith,  B.   Milton,   1920-21. 

New  Kirk,  (formerly  New  Orange),  Hospers,  Sioux  Co.,  la.,  1883.  Dyk- 
stra,  L.  83-6,  Van  den  Berg,  88-91,  Lumkes,  93-1900,  Van  Duine,  1900- 
1904,  Heemstra,  J.  F.  1904-1906,  Schuurmans,  H.  P.  1906-1910,  Douw- 
stra,  R.  D.  1910-1919,  Veldman,  H.  J.  1919-21. 

New  Lots,  1824,  see  N.Y.C,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

New  Millstone,  1766,  same  as  Hillsborough  and  Millstone,  N.J. 

New  Orange,  1883,  see  New  Kirk,  la. 

New  Paltz,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1683.  Originally  French  Ref.;  Daille  sup- 
plied occasionally,  1683-96,  Bonrepos,  1696-1700,  (supplied  chiefly  by 
ministers  from  Kingston,  1700-1727).  Van  Driessen.  J.  supplied,  1727- 
36,  again,  1751,  Schunema,  1753-4,  Chalker,  1760?,  Goetschius,  J.  M. 
1760-71,  Goetschius,  S.  1775-96,  Meyer,  J.  H.  1799-1803,  Froeligh,  P.  D. 
1807-16,  Bogardus,  W.  R.  17-31,  Van  Olinda,  32-44,  Vandervoort,  45-8, 
Stitt,  48-65,  Peltz,  65-81,  Vennema,  A.  82-6,  Huizinga,  A.  H.  86-94, 
Fagg,  94-5,  Oggel,  E.  C.  1896-1908,  Bush,  B.  J.  1909-1913,  Oggel,  V. 
M.  1914-1918,  Clapp,  E.  1918 .  See  "Stitt's  Hist.";  "Ser.  Centen- 
nial Discs."  261-2;  "Du  Bois  Reunion";  "Peltz's  Ser.  at  200th  Anni- 
versary of  the  Town,"  Dec,  1877.  The  French  language  was  used  until 
1733;    then  the  Dutch  until  1800,  then  the  English. 


THE    CHURCHES  67I 

New  Paltz  2nd,  (Conferentie),  1752.  See  Marbletown.  Vrooman,  1753-4. 
Van  Nest,  R.  1774-78,  reunited  to  the  old  church  of  New  Paltz. 

New  Paltz,  see  Guilford. 

New  Prospect,  Pine  Bush,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1815.  Wilson,  A.  D.  16-29, 
Shimeall,  29-31,  Ward,  J.  W.  32-7,  Demarest,  J.  T.  37-49,  Moore,  W.  S. 
50-6,  Hamilton,  57-63,  Connitt,  66-70,  Demarest,  J.  T.  73-85,  Moflfett, 
1885-1905,  Post,  H.  K.  1906-1910,  Martine,  A.  I.  1911-1916,  Van  Strien, 
J.  J.  1917-22. 

New  Rhinebeck,  after  1800  Lawyersville. 

[New  Rochelle,  Westchester  Co.,  N.Y.,  1688.  At  times,  a  part  of  the  Parish 
of  Fordham.  (French  Ref.).  Bonrepos,  1688-96,  Bondet,  1696-1709, 
when  he  seceded  with  a  portion  of  his  flock,  and  formed  an  Episcopal 
congregation,  Rou,  1710-50,  Moulinars,  (colleague  of  Rou),  1718-26, 
and  apparently  sole  acting  pastor,  1726-41,  Carle,  1754-64,  Tetard, 
1764-6.  This  church  was  reorganized  and  incorporated,  in  1808,  as 
"The  French  Church  in  New  Rochelle,"  and  is  now  a  Presbyterian 
church.  "Baird's  Hist,  of  the  Huguenot  Emigration  to  America." 
See  also  "Doc.  Hist.  N.Y."  iii.  82,  562-577,  708.  (Of  the  seceding 
Episcopal  congregation,  Bondet  continued  pastor,  1709-22,  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Stoupe,  1723-60,  and  Houdin,  1760-8).  See  a  "Description 
of    New    Rochelle,    in    1727,"   by    Rev.    Pierre    Stoupe,    in    "Waldron," 

P-  34]- 

New  Rochelle,  (Ger.),  1858. 

New  Salem,  Clarksville,  Voorheesville,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  1785.  Van  Huy- 
sen,  1793-1824,  Blair,  Miss,  to,  25,  Dumont,  Miss,  to,  26,  Boice,  I.  C. 
26-9,  Fort,  29-36,  Westfall,  S.  V.  E.  37-47,  Van  Santvoord,  S.  (S.S.) 
43-4,  Middlemas,  54-5,  Lansing,  A.  G.  58-61,  Slauson,  62-6,  Kershow, 
67-72,  Pearse,  Nic.  73-7,  Lansing.  A.  G.  78-85,  Williams,  D.  H.  86-7, 
McCardle,  89-92,  Morton,  T.  92-3,  Van  Burk,  93-4,  Greene,  E.  J.  94-6, 
Van  Haagen,  (S.S.)  97-8,  Van  Doren,  D.  K.  1900-1902,  Tyndall,  S. 
G.  1903-1908,  Westveer,  A.  1909-1911,  Dyke,  J.  (S.S.)  1912-1914,  Steke- 
tee,  J.  B.  1915-1918. 

New  Scotland,  N.Y.,  see  Union,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y. 

New  Shannock,  same  as  Neshanic,  N.J. 

New  Sharon,  1894,  see  Bethlehem,  la. 

New  Sharon,  la.,  191 1.    Vis,  Jean,  A.  1913-1917,  Huibregtse,  Ed.  1917-1919. 

New  Stissing,  see  Taghkanick  and  Gallatin.  N.Y. 

Newton,  Erie,  Fenton,  111.  (Zion),  1909.  Bosch,  G.  1909-1912,  Gruys, 
W.  S.  1913-1916,  Vander  Woude,  B.  T.  1916-1919,  Vander  Ploeg,  H. 
1919 

Newtown,  Elmhurst,   1731,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Queens. 

Newtown,  2d,   1855,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Queens. 

Newtown,  N.Y.    (CI.  of  Rensselaer)    1803. 

New  Utrecht,  1677,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

New  York  Avenue,  see  Newark. 

New  York  City,  N.Y.,  churches  in : 

These  will   be   distributed   according  to   the    Five   Boroughs    into   which 
the  Greater  New  York  is  divided,  as  follows : 

L  The  Borough  of  Manhattan  :   the  old  city. 

n.  The  Borough  of  the  Bronx  :    north  of  the  Harlem  River. 

HL  The  Borough  of  Brooklyn  :    Kings  Co. 

IV.  The  Borough  of  Queens  :   Queens  Co. 

V.  The  Borough  of  Richmond:    Staten  Island. 

I.      NEW    YORK    CITY — THE    BOROUGH    OF     MANHATTAN — COLLEGIATE    CHURCH. 

J.  New  York,  (formerly  New  Amsterdam),  1628.  Known  as  the 
Collegiate  Church.  Worship  has  been  conducted  in  many  differ- 
ent buil^lings,  as  follows : 


6/2  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

(i).  Over  a  Horse-Mill,  "The  Mill  Loft,"  1626-33,  situated  at  what 
is  now  about  20  and  22  South  William  st.,  between  Stone  and 
Beaver  sts.  Services  by  Comforters  of  the  Sick,  1626-33.  Also 
by  Rev.  Jonas  Michaelius,  Ap.  1628-1631. 

For  Michaelius's  famous  letter,  see  fac-simile  and  translation 
in  "Collegiate  Church  Year  Book,"  1896,  pp.  298-308.  The  orig- 
inal Dutch  will  be  found  in  print  in  "Ecclesisatical  Records  of 
New  York,"  1901,  Vol.  i.  pp.  48-68.  For  further  facts  and  sug- 
gestions about  him,  see  Michaelius  in  this  work,  and  also  pp.  68- 
118  in  "Ecc.  Records"  above  referred  to.  For  location  of  "The 
Mill  Loft"  Church,  see  "Collegiate  Church  Year  Book,"  1895,  pp. 
135-8.  Sixteen  large  Belgian  millstones  were  found  on  the 
spot.  For  an  account  of  the  Comforters  of  the  Sick,  and  first 
Consistory,  "Year  Book,"  1897,  480-8;  also  "Ecc.  Records  N.Y." 
i.  pp.  43-47. 

(2).     In  a  plain  frame  building  at  about  33-35  Pearl  st.,  1633-42.     Bo- ' 
gardus,  Evarardus,  1633-42.     See  "Year  Book,"  1895,  138-9,  and 
"Ecc.  Records  of  N.Y."  i.  85,  etc. 

(3).  In  Fort  Amsterdam,  standing  at  the  lower  end  of  Broadway, 
1642-93.  Called  the  Church  of  St.  Nicholas.  Bogardus,  E.  1642- 
7,  Backerus,  J.  1647-9,  Megapolensis,  J.  1649-70,  Drisius,  1652-73, 
Megapolensis,  S.  1664-8,  Van  Nieuwenhuysen,  1671-82,  Selyns, 
1682-93,  when  a  new  church  building  was  erected  in  Garden  st. 
The  "Chwrch  in  the  Fort"  was  then  repaired,  and  used  by  "The 
Church  of  England,"  as  a  second  place  of  worship,  besides  their 
"Trinity  Church,"  until  1741,  when  it  was  burned. 

(4).  Stuyvesant's  Chapel,  1660-87.  Supplied  by  Selyns,  (then  of 
Brooklyn),  1660-4,  Megapolensis,  S.  1664-8.  Governor  Stuy- 
vesant  died  in  Feb.,  1672,  and  was  buried  in  a  vault  near  this 
Chapel.  His  widow  died  in  1687,  and  by  will,  left  this  Chapel 
and  its  grounds  and  vault  to  the  Collegiate  Church,  to  dispose  of 
as  they  saw  fit,  provided  the  vault  was  preserved.  No  further 
Dutch  services  seem  to  have  been  held  at  this  place.  Two  or 
three  generations  later  the  Stuyvesants  are  found  in  the  Episcopal 
Church,  and  a  great-grandson  of  the  old  Director  proposed  the 
restoration  of  worship  on  this  site  by  the  Episcopalians.  In  ac- 
cordance with  this  suggestion,  St.  Mark's  Church  was  established 
on  8th  St.  near  2d  Ave.  in  1799.  See  "Memorial  of  St.  Mark's 
Church  in  the  Bowery,"  1899,  pp.  109,  no.  Also  "Ecc.  Records 
of  N.Y."  i.  pp.  488-492. 

(5).  Garden  street,  (now  about  41-51  Exchange  Place),  1693-1812. 
Selyns,  1693-1701,  Du  Bois,  G.  1699-1751,  Boel,  i7i3-54-  After 
the  building  of  the  Cedar  st.  church,  1729,  the  ministers  generally 
preached  in  rotation  in  the  different  buildings,  (as  is  still  done 
in  Amsterdam,  and,  probably,  other  cities  in  Holland),  until  1871. 
See  list  of  names,  in  full,  at  the  close  of  this  article  on  Collegiate 
Church.  After  1731,  this  Garden  st.  building  was  called  "The 
South  Church."  In  1807  it  was  rebuilt;  and  in  1812,  it  separated 
from  the  Collegiate  Church,  but  was  still  known  as  "The  South 
Dutch."     See  Church  No.  12. 

The  records  of  this  church  were  in  possession  of  Mr.  Sloan, 
Vice-President  of  the  Farmers'  Loan  and  Trust  Co..  N.Y.C.  For 
Baptismal  Bowl,  see  Year  Book,  1895,  140.  For  first  organ,  see 
Year  Book,  1880,  52. 

(6).  Nassau  street,  between  Liberty  and  Cedar,  1729-1844.  The  min- 
isters preached  in  rotation  in  this  building,  during  its  whole  ex- 
istence as  a  church.  After  1769,  when  the  Fulton  st.  church  was 
built,  the  Cedar  st.  church  became  known  as  "The  Middle  Dutch 


THE    CHURCHES  673 

Church."     In   1844  this  building  was  leased  to  the  United  States 
for  the  City  Postoffice.     At  the  close  of  the  last  religious  service 
in  the  building,  Dr.  Thomas  De  Witt  pronounced  the  Benediction, 
in  Dutch.     It  was  used  for  the  City  Postoffice  until   1875,  when 
the  Postoffice  was  built  in  the  City  Hall  Park.     In  1861  the  title 
to  the  whole  property  was  transferred  to  the  United  States.     See 
"Church  Year  Book,"  1883,  pages  70-86,  1886,  62. 
(7).     Fulton  street,  corner  of  William  street,  1769-1875.     This  church 
faced  on  William  St.,  and  the  lot  extended  from  Fulton  to  Ann 
St.      It    was   known   as    "The    North    Dutch    Church"    during    its 
whole  existence.     It  was  built  especially  for  services  in  the  Eng- 
lish language.     Hence  the  preaching  of  the  ministers  in  rotation 
did    not    prevail    in    this    church-building    until    English    entirely 
superseded  Dutch.    Ministers:   Laidlie,  1769-76,  Livingston,  J.  H. 
1770-76,  again   1783-1810,  Linn.   1786-1805;    about  which  time  the 
rotation  of  ministers  began  also  in  this  building.     The  building 
was  used  for  military  purposes  by  the  British  during  the  Revo- 
lution.    It  was  in  the  Consistory-room  in  a  three-story  building 
directly  in  the  rear  of  this  church,   (entrance  at   103  Fulton  st.), 
that  the  Fulton  street  Prayer  Meeting  was  started  in  1857.     See 
North  Church  Chapel  (c).     Year  Book,  1881,  72. 
(8).     Ninth  street,  1836-55.    This  church  was  built  in  1831 ;  used  as  one 
of  the  Collegiate  churches,  1836-55;    from  1855-61,  it  was  again 
a    separate    church,    called    the    Central    Church.      See    Church 
No.  20. 
(9).     Lafayette  Place,  corner  of  Fourth  street,  1839-87.     Known  after 
1854  as  "The  Middle  Dutch  Church."     Supplied  by  the  Collegiate 
ministers   in    rotation,    1839-71.     Chambers,   T.   W.    1871-92,   the 
system  of   rotation   having  been  given   up   in    1871.     Assistants: 
De   Vries,   H."  1882-4,   Taylor,    L.    L.    84-7,    Cotton,   88-91.— See 
"Chambers'  Hist.  Sermon,"  1887.     This  church  was  taken  down 
in  1887,  and  until  the  erection  of  the  Second  Avenue  Church  in 
1892,   (see  church  No.   (12)  )   this  congregation  worshipped  at  19 
Lafayette  Place.     Year  Book,   1887,  71. 
(10).  Fifth   Avenue   and   Twenty-ninth    St.,    1854.      This   building   has 
become  popularly  known  as  "The  Marble  Church."     Supplied  by 
Collegiate    Ministers    in    rotation,    1854-71. — Ormiston,    1871-88, 

Burrell,    D.    J.    1891 .      Pohling,    D.    A.,    Associate    Preacher 

1920 .    Assistants:    Hulbert,  P.  S.  1892-4,  Myers,  A.  E.  1893- 

1915,  Clark,  J.  L.   1895-7,  Bradshaw,   1897-1903,  Mohn,  O.  L.   F. 
1904-1906,  Allen,  J.  S.  1906-1911,  Milliken,  P.  H.  1910-1917,  Rice, 

Wm.  1916,  Barnhill,  O.  P.  1916 .  Dailey,  W.  N.  P.  1918-1919. 

(11).  Fifth  Avenue  and  Forty-eighth  Street,  1872.  (The  Chapel 
in  the  rear  of  this  Church  was  erected  in  1866).  In  July,  1869,  the 
corner-stone  of  the  church  was  laid.  The  church  was  dedicated 
in  1872.  From  1866-71,  the  Collegiate  ministers  officiated  in  this 
Chapel,  in  rotation.  See  "Year  Book,"  1893,  page  30.  Ludlow, 
Jas.  M.  1872-7,  Coe,  E.  B.  1879-99,  when  he  was  constituted 
Senior  Minister,   1899-1914,  Mackay,  D.  S.   1899-1908,  MacLeod, 

M.   J.    1910 .     Assistants:     Ingham,    J.    A.    1892-3,    Laidlaw, 

W.  93-5,   Farr,   J.    M.   95-6,    Hageman,   A.    1899-1909,    (Harvey 
Clements,  1910,  Pres.),  Mabon,  A.  F.  1910-1918,  Courtney,  R.  W. 

1918 

(12).  Second  Avenue  and  Seventh  St.,  1892.  Continuation  of  the 
Middle  Dutch  Church,  No.  (9).     Hutchins,  J.  1892-5,  Fagg,  J.  G. 

1895-1917.     Romig,  E.  F.,  assistant,  1918-1922,  Pastor,  1922 . 

Assistants:    Davis,  C.  E.  92-3,  Niles,  98-1901,  Meury,  E.  G.  W. 


674  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

1901-1903,  Decker,  F.  1903-1904.    Year  Book  1892,  102,  1893,  127, 

1894,  468. 

(13).  West  End  Avenue  and  Seventy-seventh  St.,  1892.     Cobb,  H.  E. 

1893 .  Assistants :    Case,  C.  P.  1900-1,  Weber,  H.  C.  1902-1906, 

Nichols,  T.  M.  B.  1909-21,  McMurray,  N.  1921 .     Year  Book,. 

1892,  no,  1893,  148,  1894,  143. 

(14).  University  Heights,  West  181  st  st.,  1895-1900.  In  the  Borough 
of  the  Bronx.  Services  held  in  the  Chapel  of  the  University  of 
the  City  of  New  York.  Schenck,  F.  S.  1897-99.  Services  were 
discontinued  here  in  1900.     See  "Collegiate  Church  Year  Book," 

1895,  91    ;  1896,  238;    1897,  407. 

(15).  Fort   Washington,    Fort   Washington    Ave.   and    i8ist    St.,    1909. 

Muste,  Ab.  J.  1909-1914,  Berg,  I.  H.  1917 .    Asisstant :   Gouw- 

ens,  T.  E.  1913-1915,  (Cross,  C.  W.  1919-21),  Searle,  R.  W.  1921. 
(16).  Bethany  Memorial,  ist  Ave.  and  67th  St.,  1898.     Came  under  the 

care  of  the  Collegiate  Church  in  1917.  Churchman,  A.  B.  1904 . 

See  Bethany  Memorial,  No.  60. 

CHAPELS    OF    THE    COLLEGIATE   CHURCH. 

(a).  De  Witt  Chapel,  1861-95.  (160  West  29th  st.).  Clark,  W.  H.  65- 
9,  Bertholf,  70-83,  Mandeville,  G.  H.  83-5,  Junor,  K.  F.  86-95, 
when  this  chapel  was  merged  in  the  34th  st.  church.  See  Chapel 
(f.). 

(b).  Knox  Memorial  Chapel,  1866.  (At  514  Ninth  Av.  until  1898; 
then  at  405-9  West  41st  st.).  Supplied  by  students  and  others: 
Merritt.  W.,  Anderson,  W.  H.,  Jones,  T.  W.,  Shaw,  J.  F.  Griffis, 
W.  E.  May-Nov.,  1870;  pastors:  DeHart,  W.  H.,  71-7,  Thomp- 
son, Ab.  77-86.  Kommers,  T.  J.  86-8,  Vaughan,  Wm.  1888-1902, 
Meury,  E.  G.  W.  1903 

(c).  North  Church  Chapel,  1869.  (113  Fulton  st.).  McNair,  J.  L. 
68-71,  Plumley,  G.  S.  76-8,  Park,  A.  J.  78-82,  See,  J.  L.  82-4,  Ten 
Eyck.  W.  H.  84-5. — The  Fulton  st.  Prayer  Meeting  was  started  in 
the  Consistory  Room  of  the  Fulton  st.  Church,  (103  Fulton  st.) 
in  1857,  and  was  under  the  charge  of  Jeremiah  C.  Lanphier,  1857- 
93,  and  of  C.  F.  Cutter,  1893-1902,  Jacobs,  F.  H.  1902-1910,  Dow- 

kontt,  G.  H.   191 1 .     The  Fulton  st.  Church  was  taken  down 

in  1875.  Meanwhile,  in  1869,  the  Consistory  had  built  a  chapel 
at  113  Fulton  st.  for  the  Fulton  st.  Prayer  Meeting,  and  employed 
the  services  of  laymen  as  conductors  of  the  same,  and  as  mission- 
aries in  that  part  of  the  city. 

(d).  Seventh  Avenue  Chapel,  1869-85.  (Corner  of  54th  st.).  Clark, 
W.  H.  69-72,  Carroll,  V.  B.  73-7,  Shaw,  A.  77-9,  Duryee,  Jos.  R. 
79-85.  when  this  chapel  was  organized  into  "The  Grace  Reformed 
Church,"  No.  52,  which  see. 

(e).  Vermilye  Chapel.  189c.  (416  West  54th  st.).  Under  charge  of  a 
Superintendent,  M.  Austin,  92-5;  pastors:  Bradshaw,  A.  H.  95-7, 
Rowland,  S.  W.  97-1900,  Ackert,  W.  R.  1901 

(f).  Thirty-fourth  St.  Church,  1895.  (The  34th  st.  church  and 
the  DeWitt  Chapel  were  united  in  1895).  Stryker.  P.  1895-6, 
Junor,  K.  F.  95-8,  Elliott,  J.  H.  1898-1904,  Courtney,  R.  W.  1904- 
1918.    Assistants:   Courtney,  R.  W.  1902-1904.   Discontinued  1920. 

(g).  Sunshine  Chapel,  550  West  40th  St.  Organized  1896,  adopted  by 
Collegiate  Church,  1899.  Bradshaw,  A.  H.  1899-1903,  Murphy. 
H.  W.  1904 

(h).  Faith  Mission,  239  West  69th  St.,  1903.  Ackert,  1903-1914,  De- 
Boer,  J.  A.  1914-1917,  Ackert,  1918-1921,  (Johnson,  1921 ). 


THE    CHURCHES  675 

The  following  is  a  list  of  all  the  ministers  of  the  Collegiate  Church 
together,  whether  serving  in  one  particular  church,  or,  as  was  the  case 
generally,  from  1729-1871,  in  rotation: 

Ministers  of  the  Collegiate  Church:  Michaelius,  1628-1632,  Bogardus, 
E.  1633-47,  Backerus,  1647-9,  Megapolensis,  J.  1649-70,  (Selyns  of  Brook- 
lyn, at  the  Governor's  Bowery,  1660-4).  Drisius,  1652-73,  Megapolensis, 
S.  1664-8,  (supplied  by  Luyck,  1671),  Van  Niewenhuysen,  1671-82,  Selyns, 
1682-1701,  DuBois,  Gaultcrus,  1699-1751,  Bocl,  1713-54,  Ritzema,  1744-84, 
De  Ronde,  1751-84,  Laidlie,  1764-79,  Livingston,  J.  H.  1770-1810,  Linn,  1786- 
1805,  Kuypers,  G.  A.  1789-1833,  Abeel,  J.  N.  1795-1812,  Schurcman,  1809-12, 
Brodhead,  1809-13,  Milledoler,  1813-25,  Knox,  1816-58,  Strong,  P.  N.  1816- 
25,  Brownlee,  1826-60,  De  Witt,  T.  1827-74,  Vermilye,  T.  E.  1839-93,  Cham- 
bers,  1849-96,  Duryea,  Jos.  T.  1862-7,  Ludlow,  Jas.  M.  1868-77,  Ormiston, 

1870-88,   Coe,   E.   B.    1879-1914,   Burrell,   D.   J.    1891 .     Mackay,   D.    S. 

1899-1908,  Cobb,  H.   E.   1903 ,  Fagg,  J.  G.   1903-1917,  MacLeod,   M.  J. 

1910 .      Berg,    L    H.    191 7— — .      Romig,    E.    F.    1922 .      Associate 

Preacher,  Pohling,  D.  A.  1920 . 

Assistant  Ministers  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  (see  "Year  Book,"  1893, 
p.  117)  :  Hutchins,  John,  1892-5,  Cobb,  H.  E.  1893-1903,  Fagg,  J.  G.  1896- 
1903,  Schenck,  F.  S.  1897-9,  Romig,  E.  F.  1918-22. 

The  names  of  other  clergy  officiating  will  be  found  under  the  names  of 
the  buildings  in  which  they  served. 

See  "Greenleaf's  Hist,  of  the  Churches  of  New  York." — "Valentine's 
Manuals  N.Y.  '  "Gen.  and  Biog.  Rec." — "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  69,  ^2,  74,  241- 
324,  576,  712.  "Col.  Hist."  i.  299;  ii.  440,  441,  705,  730;  iii.  311,  415,  608; 
iv.  400,  620 ;  ix.  548.  See  "Amsterdam  Correspondence,"  which  is  volumin- 
ous.   It  is  accessible  in  the  "Ecc.  Rec.  of  the  State  of  N.Y." 

"Minutes  of  Church,  1639  to  present  time."  "Dr.  Thomas  De  Witt's 
Hist.  Disc."  1856,  with  Brodhead's  notes.  "Centennial  of  North  Dutch 
Church,"  1869.  Chambers.'  "Recalling  the  Past."  "Brodhead's  N.Y."  The 
Several  Histories  of  the  City  of  N.Y.,  as  Mary  Booth's,  Mrs.  Lamb's.  Mrs. 
Van  Rensselaer's.  "Smith's  Hist.  N.Y."  "Gunn's  Memoir  of  Dr.  J.  H. 
Livingston;"  "Sedgewick's  Life  of  Hon.  Wm!  Livingston."  "Mag.  R.D.C." 
iii.  52.  "Jas.  Grant  Wilson's  Memorial  Hist,  of  New  York." — "Am.  Ch. 
Hist.  Series."  Vol.  viii.,  for  much  material  relating  to  early  history  of  Col- 
legiate Church,  and  the  origin  of  its  charter,  1895.  Dr.  E.  B.  Coe's  Address 
at  Bicentennial  of  the  Charter  of  the  Church,  1896.  Rev.  Dr.  Van  Pelt's 
"History  of  Greater  New  York."  "Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y.,"  7  vols.  See  also  the 
"Memorials"  of  the  ministers  under  their  respective  names,  and  their  Bib- 
liography. The  "Year  Books"  of  the  Collegiate  Church  published  regularly 
from  1880.     These  contain  much  historical  material. 

A  history  of  the  Collegiate  Church  of  New  York  compiled  from  orig- 
inal documents  by  C.  E.  Corwin,  is  now  in  manuscript  in  the  possession 
of  the  church. 

NEW     YORK     CITY — BOROUGH     OF     MANHATTAN. 
ALL    CHURCHES    ARRANGED    IN    CHRONOLOGICAL    ORDER. 

2.  Harlem,  (Third  Av.  and  121st  St.),  1660.  Supplied  by  ministers 
from  New  York,  generally,  1660-1744.  (Beys,  Henricus,  1710- 
12,  as  an  Episcopalian).  Ritzema,  1744-65,  Schoomaker,  M.  1765- 
84,  Jackson,  J.  F.  1792-1806,  Romeyn,  Jer.  1807-14,  Vermeule, 
16-36,  Schoonmaker,  R.  L.  37-47,  Lord,  Jer.  48-69,  Mandeville. 
G.  H.  69-81,  Smyth,  81-91. 

From  1886  to  191 1  the  Church  was  called  the  Harlem  Collegiate 
Church.  (1)  Third  Ave.  and  121st  Street.  (2)  Lenox  Ave. 
Pastors,  Elmendorf,  J.  1886-1908,  Harsha,  92-99,  Tilton,  E.  1898- 
191 1,  Ralston,  1900-1903,  Dickhaut,  B.  E.  1903-1909,  Fellstrom,  A. 
A.  (S.S.)   1909-1912. 


6/6  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

In  191 1  the  name  "Collegiate"  was  dropped,  and  the  old  name 
"Reformed  Church  of  Harlem"  revived.  This  name  was  applied 
to  the  Church  at  Lenox  Ave.  and  123d  Street.  In  honor  of  Rev. 
Dr.  J.  Elmendorf,  the  church  at  121st  was  designated  "The 
Elmendorf  Chapel." 

(i).     Reformed  Church  of  Harlem  (Lenox  Ave.).     Tilton,  E.  191 1 

(2).     Elmendorf  Chapel   (121st  St.).     Decker,  Floyd   1912-1918,  Pfan- 
stiehl,  1921 .     See  "Mandeville's  Golden  Memories." 

3.  French  Reformed,  1688,  in  the  Fort. 

[French  services  had  been  occasionally  held  in  the  city  from  the  first 
settlement  of  the  colony.  One  half  of  the  50  communicants  in  1628  were 
Walloons.  Additional  French  Protestants  soon  settled  on  Staten  Island 
and  Long  Island,  and  at  first  attended  occasional  French  services  in  the 
city.  After  1638  there  was  a  notable  increase  of  French  immigrants, 
through  the  influence  of  the  Bayards,  and  a  French  Club  was  organized 
in  the  city.  Between  1648-58  the  French  population  was  largely  aug- 
mented, many  Waldenses  being  among  them.  Between  1650-70,  large  num- 
bers of  French  and  Walloons  settled  in  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  while  many 
located  on  Staten  Island,  at  New  Utrecht,  Bushwick,  Flushing,  Bedford 
and  Harlem.     From  the  latter  place  a  colony  went  to  Hackensack  m  1677]. 

These  scattered  French  settlers  were  supplied  occasionally  either  in  the 
Dutch  church  in  New  York  or  in  their  own  settlements,  by  Michaelius, 
1628,  Drisius,  1652-73,  perhaps  by  Carpentier,  1657-84,  Zyperius,  1659-63, 
perhaps  by  Carre,  of  Rhode  Island,  1687,  and  by  Daille.  1682-96.  But 
under  the  Catholic  Governor,  Dougan,  1683-88,  with  his  Roman  chapel  in 
the  Fort,  and  priests,  the  French  exiles  for  conscience  sake  felt  uncom- 
fortable. The  persecutions  in  France  before  the  Revocation  of  the  Edxt 
of  Nantes,  1685,  had  already  sent  numbers  of  Huguenots  to  New  York, 
and  still  larger  numbers  came  after  that  decree.  These  were  organized 
into  a  church  in  Marketfield  st.  in  1688,  and  the  earlier  French,  who  had 
worshipped  in  the  Fort,  now  merged  themselves  in  this  new  French  church 
organized  by  pastor  Peiret. 

Pastors:  Daille,  1683-6,  but  after  1692  itinerating  generally  among  the 
French  churches  in  the  country;  Peiret,  1686-1704;  (new  church  building, 
1704-1831,  at  corner  of  Pine  and  Nassau  streets)  ;  Laborei,  1704-6,  Bon- 
repos,  David  1706-10,  Rou,  1710-50,  Moulinars,  1718-26,  Mayor,  1752-4, 
Carle,  Jean  1754-64;  (in  1764,  this  church  refused  to  conform  to  the 
Church  of  England.  In  1755,  it  adopted  the  later  version  of  1724,  of  the 
French  Bible. — "The  Holy  Bible  of  Geneva,  with  Reflections."  In  1763, 
it  adopted  a  new  version  of  the  French  Psalms.  In  1763  a  charter  was 
applied  for,  but  without  success)  ;  Tetard,  1764-7,  Kettletas,  1766-76,  de 
Martel,  1770-1  ;  (church  closed,  1776-96)  ;  Duby,  supply,  1796-7,  Albert, 
1797-1804,  when  it  became  Episcopalian. — See  "Collections  of  French 
Huguenot  Society,"  Vol.  i. 

4.  [Garden  st.,  1693.     See  Collegiate  Churches,  No.   (5)  ]. 

5.  [Cedar  st.,  1729.     See  Collegiate  Churches,  No.  (6)  ]. 

6.  German  Reformed,  Sixty-eighth  st.,  1758.     (In  Nassau  st.,  between 

Maiden  Lane  and  John  St.,  1758-1822).  Rosenkrantz,  1758-9,  Kails, 
1759-60,  Rothenbergler,  (or  Rothenbiiler),  1761-2;  (joined  R.D. 
Church,  1763)  ;  Kern,  1763-72,  Foering,  1772-4,  Gerhard.  1774-6, 
(Revolution)  Gros,  1783-95,  Milledoler,  1795-1800,  Will,  1802, 
Runkle,  1805-12,  Dreyer,  1812-14,  (Smith,  1812-14,  probably  over 
a  faction),  Labagh,  Isaac,  1814-22;  (at  19-21  Forsyth  st.,  1822- 
61)  ;  Knouse,  1823-7,  Mills,  1823-33,  (Lewis  Smith,  a  Lutheran, 
1833-8),  Rudy,  Miss,  to,  1835-8,  Ebaugh,  (S.S.)  1838-9;  again, 
1844-51  ;  (again,  claiming  to  be  the  pastor,  but  without  much 
following,    1857-67;     in   1861,   removed   to   147-153   Norfolk  st.)  ; 


THE    CHURCHES  677 

Friedel,   1866-74,   Neef,   1875-82,  Hager,  A.  H.    1883-4,  Erhardt, 

1884-94,  Schlegel,  Chs.   1896-1905,  Jaeger,  Julius   1906- .     (In 

1897,  removed  to  68th  st.  between  ist  and  2d  avs. 
Note. — From  1823-38  this  church  tried  to  claim  independence  of  Classis. 
In  1846  the  Civil  Court  declared  the  church  defunct,  but  this  does  not 
seem  to  have  been  the  case.  In  1852  the  Classis  of  New  York  declared 
the  church  defunct ;  and  in  the  same  year,  the  German  Evangelical  3d  was 
organized ;  but  exceedingly  complex  legal  difficulties  ensued.  This  church 
also  claimed  to  be  a  part  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  but  the  Collegiate 
Church  denied  this,  in  their  answer  in  the  Marselus  suit,  in   1851. 

In  1850-1,  Ebaugh's  church  (see  his  name),  is  said  to  have  been  in  17th 
St.  ("Mints.  Gen.  Syn.,"  1850,  43;  1851,  150)  ;  but  in  1852,  the  simple  name 
"Ger.  Refd.  Ch."  occurs  in  the  "Minutes  of  Gen.  Syn.,"  but  without  loca- 
tion, and  Ebaugh's  name  is  omitted.  In  1853,  357,  the  name  "Ger.  Refd. 
Ch."  is  omitted  from  its  proper  place,  and  a  new  name,  "3d  Ger.  Refd. 
Prot.  Dutch  Ch."  is  placed  at  the  end  of  the  list,  but  without  a  pastor. 
In  1854,  C.  Dickhaut  appears  as  pastor,  but  in  1855  and  1856,  it  is  vacant. 
But  Ebaugh's  name  appears  in  1856,  as  pastor  of  a  "4th  Ger.  Ch.,"  but 
this  is  now  in  the  South  Classis  of  New  York.  In  1857,  Friedel's  name 
appears  as  pastor  of  the  "3d  Ger.  Ch."  in  the  South  Classis  of  N.Y.,  and 
Ebaugh's  name  is  placed  as  pastor,  simply,  of  a  "Refd.  Ger.  Ch.,"  but  no 
statistics  are  given  from  1859  to  1867,  when  the  name  of  "Ebaugh"  and 
his  "Ger.  Refd.  Ch."  both  finally  disappear  from  the  statistical  tables. 

In  the  meantime  Friedel  had  continued  as  pastor  of  the  so-called  "3d 
Ger.  Ch.,"  1856-66,  when  this  name  is  dropped,  and  thenceforth,  Friedel 
appears  as  pastor  of  the  "Ger.  Refd.  Prot.  Dutch  Ch."  1866-74. — This 
Norfolk  St.  church,  (now  68th  st.)  claims  to  be  the  continuation  of  the 
original  German  church  of  1758.  Without  a  definite  opinion,  the  pastors' 
names  given  above,  are  arranged  on  that  basis. 

See  "Reports  of  the  Civil  Suits." — "Mints,  of  Classis  of  New  York," 
and  of  South  Classis  of  N.Y. — "A  Vindication  and  Defence  of  the  Ger. 
Refd.  Ch.  and  its  Pastor,"  by  Ebaugh,  1851  ;  with  an  Appendix  of  30 
pages. — "On  the  Other  Side :  a  True  Report  of  the  Last  Trial  of  Rev. 
John  S.  Ebaugh,  etc.,  in  the  Classis  of  N.Y.,"  1852.  Published  anonymously 
(but  known  to  be  by  Rev.  W.  R.  Gordon). — Also  "Protest  of  the  Con- 
sistory of  Ger.  Refd.  Ch.  as  Appellants,  to  the  Particular  Synod  of  New 
York,  vs.  the  Classis  of  N.Y.,"  1852. — For  origin  of  this  church,  see  "Mints, 
of  Collegiate  Ch.  of  N.Y.,"  1758,  p.  273,  of  Dr.  Chambers'  English  Trans- 
laton. — Also  Dedication  Souvenir  of  Ger.  Refd.  Prot.  Ch.  of  68th  st..  1898. 
There  is  a  brief  sketch  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  but  not  very  accurate,  1893,  Feb.  23d. 
There  is  a  tablet  in  the  wall  to  Baron  Steuben,  of  Revolutionary  fame. 
The  original  John  Jacob  Astor  was  one  of  the  founders  of  this  German 
Ch.,  1758. 

7.  [Fulton  t.  Church — the  North  Dutch,  1769.    See  Collegiate  Churches, 

No.   (7)  ]. 

8.  Greenwich,  1803.     (Bleecker  and  Amos  sts.  until  1863;    then  in  46th 

St.  near  6th  av.  until  1866).  Rowan,  1807-19.  Hardenbergh,  C. 
1820-1.  Marselus.  1822-58,  Van  Arsdale,  C.  C.  1852-4.  Marvin, 
1855-8,  Strong,  T.  C.  1859-66.    "Mag.  R.D.C."  ii.  319. 

9.  Bloomingdale,    1805.    West    Seventy-first    St..    now    on    Boulevard. 

Bogart,  D.  S.  1806-7.  Gunn,  1809-29,  Kip,  F.  M.  30-1,  supplied  by 
Labagh,  I.  P.  31-2,  Burtiss,  34,  Van  Aken,  E.  35-85.  Martyn,  83- 
90,  Peters.  90-1900,  Stinson,  1900-1911,  Ketchum,  W.  W.  1912- 
1913.     Disbanded  1913. 

10.  Madison  Av.  cor.  of  57th  st.,  1808.     (Formerly  called  the  North- 

west Church ;  located  in  Franklin  st.  near  West  Broadway,  until 
1854;  then  in  23rd  st.  between  6th  and  7th  avs.  until  1871).  Bork, 
1808-23,  Du  Bois,  G.  24-37,  Hunt,  37-9,  supplied  by  Harkness,  40, 


6/8  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Hardenbergh,  J.  B.  40-56,  Ganse,  56-75,  Lloyd,  W.  S.  (S.S.) 
77-8.  Reed,  E.  78-86,  Kittridge,  1886-1906,  P.Em.  1906-1912,  Car- 
ter, Wm.  1906-1912,  Churchman,  A.  B.,  acting  pastor,  1912-1918. 
Church  disbanded  1918.  Assistants:  Street,  Wm.  D.  1898-1901, 
Churchman,  A.  B.  1903-1904,  Forbush,  Wm.  B.  1904-1906.  "Mag. 
R.D.C."  ii.  212. — Reed's  Sermon,  1878,  on  "Manly  Christianity," 
contains  a  brief  sketch  of  this  church. 

11.  Market  St.,  1810.     McMurray,  20-35,  Ferris,  I.  36-52,  Cuyler,  T.  L. 

54-9,  Murray,  61-3,  Dutcher,  63-6.     Dissolved,  1869. 

12.  South  Dutch,  1812.     [245  Madison  Av.  cor.  of  38th  St. — Withdrew 

from  the  Collegiate  connection  in  1812.  In  Garden  st.  till  1835, 
when  the  building  was  burned  in  the  great  fire.  In  1837  the 
church  divided  into  Murray  st.,  1837-48,  and  Washington  Square, 
(No.  25),  1837-76].  In  1848  this  church  removed  to  5th  av.  and 
2ist  St.,  and  subsequently  to  its  last  site.  Matthews,  1813-37, 
Hutton,  M.  S.  34-7,  Macauley,  J.  M.  38-62,  Rogers,  E.  P.  62-81,' 
Terry,  1881-1904,  Bridges,  T.  R.  1906-1914.  Disbanded  1918.  See 
Christ.  Int.,  March  4,  1875.  Historical  Sketch  of  the  South 
Church,  75th  Anniversary,  1887. 
(i).  Manor  Chapel,  1866.  328  West  26th  st.  This  chapel  was  started 
in  1855,  and  supported  by  several  churches.  In  1866  it  was  taken 
in  charge  by  the  South  Dutch  Ch.  Pastors :  Kiehle,  David, 
Brooks,  Elmore,  Goodknight,  1875,  Billingsley.  1880-1890,  Palmer, 
James  1890-1914,  Bolster,  F.  E.  1915-21.  Gulick,  C.  W.  1921 

13.  Seventh  Av.,  1823.     (In  Houston  St.,  1823-52.     In  7th  Av.,  1852-9). 

Baldwin,  Eli,  1825-39,  De  Mund,  39-48,  Whitehead,  48-9,  Gordon, 
W.  R.  49-58.  Dutcher,  1858-9,  when  church  united  with  West 
Refd.  D.  Ch.  on  6th  Av.  See  Union,  No.  40.  For  early  history, 
see  "Ch.  Int.,"  Aug.  12,  1852. 

14.  Thirty-fourth   St.    (No.  307),   1823.     In  Broome  st..   1823-60,  when 

removed  to  34th  st.).  McLean,  25-6,  Brodhead.  Jac.  26-37,  Van 
Vranken,  S.  A.  37-41.  Fisher,  G.  H.  41-55,  Voorhees,  H.  V.  55-6, 
Stryker,  Peter,  56-68,  Riley,  Is.  68-73,  Martyn,  Carlos,  76-83, 
Dickson,  J.  M.  83-9,  Stryker,  P.  89-1896,  when  this  church  united 
with  the  DeWitt  Chapel,  of  the  Collegiate  Church.  See  (f), 
under  Chapels  of  Collegiate  Church. 

15.  African  Church,  1823,  Duane  St.     Jordan,  M.  1823-9. 

16.  Bank  St.    (No.  21),   1823.      (This  is  a   Seceder  Church,  which  was 

in  King  st.,  1826-66,  in  Perry  st.,  1866-93,  when  it  removed  to 
Bank  st.).  Demarest,  C.  T.  1824-39,  Westervelt,  S.  D.  39-51, 
Demarest,  C.  T.  52-62,  Van  Houten.  A.  66-78.  Westervelt,  J.  A. 
80-8,  Iserman,  H.  92-8.  Van  der  Beek,  S.  I.  (S.S.)  99-1901. 

17.  Orchard   St.,    1826.     Teller,  26-9,   Abeel,   D.,   supplied,   29,   Harden- 

bergh, J.  B.  29-3C,  supplied  by  Janeway,  J.  J.  30-1,  by  Labagh, 
I.  P.  31-2. 

[Rivington  St.  Station,  1827.     Shimeall,  missionary  to,  1827-8]. 

[Yorkville  Station   1827.     Frey,  Miss,  to,   1827I. 

18.  Manhattan,    1829    (71    Av.    B.).      Knouse,    29-33,    Van    Kleek,    35, 

Marcellus,  35-6,  Cornell,  F.  F.  36-56,  Collier,  Ezra,  54-6,  Wiggins, 
57-70,   Cummings,   1870-2. 

19.  Vandewater  St.,  1830.     Dev,  1830-1. 

20.  Ninth  St..  1831.    Central  Ch.     Kip,  F.  M.  1831-6,  (from  1836  to  55, 

belonged  to  Collegiate  Ch.),  Van  Zandt,  A.  B.  1856-9.  See  Col- 
legiate Ch.   (8). 

21.  North  St.,   1833.     How,  S.  B.,  Miss,  to,   1828-9,  Messier,  Miss,  to, 

1828-9. 

22.  Fortieth  Street,   1836.     (In  21st  st.,  1836-69,  on  land  given  by  Rev. 

John  Frelinghuysen  Jackson  and  family).  May,  E.  H.  39-48, 
Van  Nest,  A.  R.  48-62,  Bethune,  59-62,  Thompson,  A.  R.  62-73. 


THE    CHURCHES  6/9 

23.  [Ninth  St.,  1836-55.     See  Collegiate  Ch.  No.    (8)  ]. 

24.  [Murray  St.,  1837.     See  South  Dutch,  No.  12]. 

25.  Washington  Square,  1837.      (See  South  Dutch,  No.   12).     Mathews, 

37-42,  Hutton,  M.  S.  1837-76. 

26.  German   Evangelical   Mission,   1838.      (141    East  Houston).     Rudy, 

39-42,  Guldin,  J.  C.  42-63,  Geyer,  1863-1911. 

In  191 1  united  with  the  Zion  German  Presbyterian  Church  to 
form  the  Zion  German  Evangelical  Church  in  the  Bronx,  which 
see  No.  75. 

27.  [La   Fayette   Place.   Middle   Church.    1839.      See   Collegiate  Church, 

No.  (9)  ]. 
28    Washington    Heights,    1843.      Whitehead,    Chas.    1854-62,   Voorhees, 

H.  M.  1862-5. 

29.  Stanton    St.,    1843.      Services   at    first    on    Broadway.      Lillie.    John 

1843-8.    Became  Presbvterian. 

30.  Mt.  Pleasant,   (Fiftieth  St.).  1846.     Brett.  P.  M.  1846-51,  Jameson, 

1852-62,  Miller,  W.  H.  1862-3.  See.  I.  M.  1864-7,  disbanded. 

31.  German  Evangelical,  2d,  1848.     (Grand  st.).     Steins,  1849,  Birkey, 

1862-65,   disbanded. 

32.  West  Reformed  Dutch,   1850.      (Sixth  Av.).     Cary,   1851,  Mclvee, 

1852-8.  In  1859,  united  with  Seventh  Av.  ch.  to  form  the  "Union 
Church,"  No.  40,  which  see. 

33.  Livingston  Ch.  (Eighth  Av.).  1851.    Lloyd.  1851-3.  McGregor.  1855, 

Zabriskie,  F.  N.  1856-9,  united  with  Thirty-fourth  St.— See 
"Zabriskie's  Hist,  of." 

34.  German    Evangelical,    3d,    1852.      Dickhaut.    1854.    Friedel,    1856-75. 

35.  Harlem,  German,  1853.     Bielfield.  1855. 

36.  [Fifth   Avenue  and   Twenty-ninth   St.,    1854.   Marble   Church.      See 

Collegiate  Church,  No.   (10)  ]. 

37.  German    Evangelical,    4th,    1854.      Schewdes.    1855,    Ebaugh.    1856. 

Joined  German  R.C.  1866. 

38.  Seventh  Ave.,  1857.     German. 

39.  German  Reformed  Dutch,  4th,  1858.     (410  West  45th  St.).     Oerter, 

1858-1915,  Nietzer,  Chas.   1916-1918.  Wirth,  A.  F.   1919 

40.  Union,    1859,    (No.   25    Sixth  Av.).      Formed   by   the   union   of   the 

7th  Av.  Ch.  No.  13,  and  the  West,  No.  32.  Dutcher,  59-63,  Hart- 
ley, 64-9,  Danner,  70-3,  Merritt,  73-9,  Fairchild,  80-6,  Jones,  C.  A. 
87-90,  Meyers,  H.  V.  S.  91-4,  vacant,  1894-9,  name  dropped,  1900. 

41.  Prospect  Hill,   i860.      (First  on  86th  st.  and  3d  av. ;    then  on  85th 

St.  and  2d  av. ;  after  1886,  at  Park  av.  and  89th  st.).  Quacken- 
bush,  1861-19C0;  assistants,  Myers,  H.  V.  S.,  May-Oct..  1870, 
Walser,  83-8,  Folmsby,  93-6;  Cox,  H.  M.  1901-1911.  United 
with  the  South  Church   (No.  12),  191 1. 

42.  North  Trinity,  1861.     (Corner  of  Broadway  and  Thirty-fourth  St.). 

43.  [DeWitt  Chapel,   1861.     See  Collegiate  Church  Chapels,    (a)  ]. 

44.  [Knox  Memorial  Chapel,  1866.  See  Collegiate  Church  Chapels,  (b)]. 

45.  Holland  Church.   1866.      (279  West   nth   st.).     Utterwick    1866-9, 

Bechtold,  70-84,  Warnshuis,  J.  W.  87-8,  Ossewaarde,  M.  91-3. 
Name  of  church  dropped,  1897.  This  Holland  church  used  the 
Lecture  Rooms  of   Collegiate  Churches,   1866-73. 

46.  [Manor   Chapel   of   the    South   Church,    1866.      See    South   Church, 

No.  12  (i)  ]. 

47.  Forty-eighth  St.  Chapel,  1866-72.     Supplied  by  the  Collegiate  minis- 

ters in  rotation,  1866-71.     See  Collegiate  Church,  No.  (11). 

48.  [North  Church  Chapel,  1869.     See  Collegiate  Church  Chapels,  (c)]. 

49.  [Seventh   Avenue   Chapel,    1869.      See    (ToUegiate    Church   Chapels, 

(d)  ]. 

50.  [Fifth  Avenue  and  Fortv-eighth  St.,  1872.    See  Collegiate  Churches, 

No.  (11)  ]. 


68o  THE   REFORMED    CHURCPI    IN    AMERICA 

51.  Avenue  B.,  cor.  5th  st.,  1874.     (German).     Steffens,  1876,  Bantley, 

76-7,  Schlegel,  Jacob,  77-1909,  Bruchlos,  A.  1911-1913,  Hahn,  T. 
F.  1914-1916.  Became  German  Evangelical,  Manhattan,  1917. 
Consolidated  with  the  German  Evangelical,  Brooklyn.  (Trinity), 
1919,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn.    Wacker,  G.  G.  1917 

52.  Grace  Reformed,  1884.     (Seventh  Av.  cor.  54th  St.     This  was  pre- 

viously the  Seventh  Av.  Chapel  of  the  Collegiate  Church,  1869- 
84).  Duryee,  Jos.  R.  1884-1921.  Disbanded  1921.  See  "Col- 
legiate Ch.  Yr.  Bk.."  1886,  59. 

53.  Yorkville,    (Ger.),  1885.      (84th  st.).     Goebel,  G.  A.  T.  85-95. 

54.  [Harlem  2d,  (Lenox  Av.),  1886.     See  Harlem]. 

55.  Hamilton    Grange,    1887.       (Convent    Av.    and    West     145th    St.). 

Westerfield,  88-91,  Morgan,  J.  F.  91-2,  Chapin,  1892-1904,  Dyke, 
C.  P.  1904-1908,  Payson,  G.  H.  (S.S.)  1908,  Dickhaut,  B.  E. 
(S.S.)  1909,  Vander  Meulen,  J.  M.  1909-1912,  Leinbach,  P.  S. 
1913-1917,  Dykstra,  J.  A.  1918-1919,  Mabon,  A.  F.  1920 

56.  [Vermilye  Chapel,   1890.     See  Collegiate  Church  Chapels,   (e)  ]. 

57.  [Second  Avenue,   Middle  Church,   1892.     See   Collegiate   Churches, 

(12)  ]. 

58.  [West  End  Avenue,   1892.     See  Collegiate  Churches,    (13)  ]. 

59.  [Thirty-fourth  Street  Church,  1895.     See  Collegiate  Church  Chap- 

els, (f)  ]. 

60.  [Bethany   Memorial,   ist  Ave.  and  67th  St.,   1898.     Lansdaie,  J.  T. 

(S.S.)     i8()7-i904.    Churchman,    A.    B.    1904 .      In    1917    this 

church  came  under  the  care  of  the  Col.  Ch.  of  N.Y.  See  Year 
Book,    1918,  850.     See  Collegiate  Church   (16)  ]. 

61.  [Sunshine  Chapel,  1899,  see  Col.  Ch.  Chapel    (g)  ]. 

62.  [Faith  Mission,  1903,  see  Col.  Ch.  Chapels,   (h)  ]. 

63.  Barren  Island,  1910.     Heinrich,  J.   (S.S.)   1912-1913,  Meier,  J.  1913- 

1916. 

64.  Windsor  Terrace,  1910.     Milliken,  P.  H.   (S.S.)    1911,  Jackson,  W. 

H.   1912-1913. 

65.  [Elmendorf   Chapel,   1911,  see  Harlem   (2)  ]. 

66.  Waldensian  Congregation,  W.  41st  St.,  1919.     Griglio,  Pietro  1919- 

1020.    Now  vacant. 

Note  : — Since  the  fourth  edition  of  the  Manual  was  published 
in  1902  several  Reformed  Churches  on  Manhattan  Island  have 
dissolved,  and  few  new  churches  have  been  organized.  The  chief 
cause  for  this  lack  of  growth  is  the  remarkable  change  in  pop- 
ulation, Jews  and  Roman  Catholics  taking  the  place  of  the  old 
Protestant  stock.  Among  them  without  an  endowment  a  church 
must  lapse.  The  number  of  communicants  in  the  Reformed 
Churches  of  Manhattan  remains  about  the  same. 

II.       NEW    YORK    CITY— BOROUGH    OF    THE   BRONX. 

67.  Fordham,    May    11,    1696.      Montaigne,    1696-..,    Tetard,    1712-44, 

Ritzema,  1744-70,  reorganized,  1802;  Jackson,  J.  F.  1819-36,  Van 
Pelt,  37-47.  Cahoone,  47-8,  Bevier,  51-3,  Beattie,  Jas.  54-6,  Bolton, 
56-65,   Fehrman,  66-9,   Brush.   W.   69-74,   Anderson,   Wm.   76-87, 

Anderson,  W.  F.  81-93,  Hodson,  1894 .    "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  576. 

On  Aug.  26,  1729,  John  Bussing  contracted  to  complete  the  Fordham  Ch. 
for  £4.— "Eng.  Transl.  Mints.  N.Y.  Ch.,"  B.  86.  "Bolton's  Westchester," 
ii.  322,  says  that  as  early  as  1671  the  people  of  Fordham  were  obliged  to 
contribute  to  the  support  of  the  Dutch  Church  at  Fordham. — See  "Dr. 
Thos.  De  Witt's  Hist.  Appendix  to  Dr.  Dickerson's  Dedicatory  Ser.,"  1849. 

68.  West  Farms,  1839.     Supplied  by  Bourne,  39-42,  Collins,  B.  V.  42-5, 

Simonson,  45-51,  Burghardt,  52-5,  Van  Wyck.  P.  56-67,  Van 
Slyke,  E.  67-71,  Simonson,  71-81,  Blair,  H.  P.  81-4,  Bolton,  84-8, 


THE    CHURCHES  68 1 

Andrews,  L.  C.  88-95,  Peters,  J.  96-7,  Weber,  H.  C.  1898-1902, 
Hart,  Wm.  R.  1902-1916,  Bolsterle,  G.  S.  (S.S.)  1917,  MacNeilU 
W.  N.   1918 

69.  Mott  Haven,  St.  Paul's,  1851.     (East  146th  st.)-    Van  Doren,  W.  T. 

52-3,  De  Puv.  53-4,  Enyard,  58-65,  Du  Bois,  H.  66-87,  Hooper, 
Feb.-Dec.  88^  Talmage,  G.  E.  90-8,  Dobbs,  (S.S.)  98-1900,  pastor, 
1901-1908,  Voorhees,  O.  M.   1909-1922. 

70.  Melrose,    1854.      (Elton    Ave.    and    157th    St.).      Schroepfer,    55- 

61,  Dahlman,  61-3,  Wagner,  J.  M.  63-6,  Meury,  John,  67-70, 
Windemuth,  70-6,  Lang,  J.  E.  76-91,  Miller,  G.  H.  1892-1919, 
Muller,  G.  C.  1919 .     Ass.,  Muller,  E.  T.  1920. 

71.  Union,  High  Bridge,  1874.     (Woodycrest  Av.).     DuBois,  H.   (S.S) 

74-84,  Martin,  D.  H.  84-90,  Cox,  H.  M.  90-9,  Voorhees,  J.  B. 
1899-1907,  Blocker,  S.  1908-191^,  Verwey,  D.  G.  1916 

72.  Anderson  Memorial  of  Belmont,  1893.     Giffin,  J.  93,  Frazee,  A.  D. 

D.  94-5.  Gasten.  Jos.  95-6,  Watson,  C.  S.  (S.S.)  96-7.  Perry, 
W.  D.   (S.S.)  97-8,  Hunter,  Jas.  1898-1908,  Parker,  A.  F.  1909- 

1912,  Bolsterle,  G.  S.  1913-1916,  DeBoer,  J.  A.  1917 

7Z.  Church  of  the  Comforter,  1894.  (i62d  St.,  near  Morris  Av.). 
Myers,  H.  V.  S.  1894-1903,  Lyle,  J.  N.  (S.S.)  1904,  Decker,  F. 
1904-1912,  Pleune,  P.  H.  1912-1916,  Irish,  E.  B.  1916-1918,  Mac- 
Cready,  R.  H.  1919-1921,  Irish,  E.  B.  1921 

74.  [University    Heights,    1895.      See    Collegiate    Church,    N.Y.C.,    No. 

(14)  ]•' 

75.  Zion  German  Evangelical,  191 1.     (Second  St.,  Boston  Road,   Steb- 

bins  Ave.).  Formed  by  the  union  of  the  German  Evangelical 
Alission  with  the  Zion  German  Presbyterian  Church  in  the  Bronx, 
in   191 1,     (ieyer,  J.  W.   1911-1914,  Hahn,  A.  F.   1914 

III.      NEW    YORK    CITY — BOROUGH    OF    BROOKLYN. 

76.  Flatbush,    (Midwooit),    L.I.,    1654.      Polhemus,   J.   T.    1654-/6,    (as- 

sisted by  Megapolensis,  J.  1664-9),  Van  Zuuren,  1677-85.  (Clark, 
Jas.  1685-95,)  ?  Varick,  1685-95.  Lupardus,  1695-1702,  Freeman, 
1705-41,  Antonides,  1706-44,  Arondeus,  174-2-7.  'Van  Sinderin, 
1746-84,  Curtenius,  1755-6,  Rubel,  1759-83,  Schoonmaker.  M. 
1784-1824,  Lowe,  1787-1818,  Monteith,  19-20,  Strong,  T.  M.  22-61, 
assistant,  R.  G.  Strong,  58-60,  Wells,  C.  1861-1904,  Lloyd,  J.  E. 

1906-1916,  Berg,  J.  F.  1917 .     "Strong's  Hist,  of  Flatbush." 

(i).  Grace  Chapel,  1871.  Strong,  R.  G.  71-3,  Wright,  C.  S.  77- 
83,  Hansen,  83-6,  Boocock,  86-99,  Wyckoff,  C.  S.  1899-1910.  Or- 
ganized as  the  Grace  Reformed  Church,  1903,  which  see.  No. 
(in). 

77.  Flatlands,    (Amersfort,    Midwout),    L.I.,    1654.      Polhemus,    J.    T. 

1654-76,  (assisted  by  Megapolensis,  J.  1664-9),  Van  Zuuren,  1677- 
85,  Varick,  1685-94,  Lupardus,  1695- 1702,  Antonides,  1706-44, 
Arondeus,  1742-7,  Van  Sinderin,  1746-84,  Curtenius,  1755-6, 
Rubel,  1759-83,  Schoonmaker,  1784-1824,  Lowe,  P.  1787-1818, 
Monteith,  19-20,  Cruikshank,  24-34,  Baldwin,  36-52.  Davie,  53-6i. 
Doolittle,  T.  S.  62-4,  Brett,  C.  65-9,  Dec,  DuBois,  A.  70-82.  Gard- 
ner, J.   S.   1883-1913,  P.E.   1913 .     Roeder,  C.  W.   1914 . 

"Doc.  Hist.  N.Y."  i.  431.  See  "Rev.  Dr.  Anson  Du  Bois'  Hist, 
of,"  in  "Stiles'  Hist,  of  Brooklyn."  Original  MSS.  in  Sage 
Library. 

78.  Bushwick,    (Boglit),    Bushwick   Av.,    1654.     Polhemus,   J.   T.    1654- 

76,  Selyns,  ii56o-4,  occasionally  supplied  by  Van  Zuuren,  1677-85, 
occasionally  supplied  by  Varick,  1685-94,  occasionally  supplied  by 
Lupardus,  1695-1702,  Freeman,  1705-41,  Antonides.  1706-44,  Aron- 
deus, 1742-7,  Van  Sinderin,  1746-84,  Curtenius,  1755-6,  Rubel, 
1759-83,  Schoonmaker,  M.    1784-1824,  Lowe.   P.   1787-1808,  Bas- 


682  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

sett,  1811-24,  Meeker,  25-1830,  again,  30-76,  Powell,  76-83,  Barr, 
83-6,  Ford,  87-91,  McClelland,  T.  C.  92-3,  Jackson,  W.  H.  98- 
1900,  Hume,  J.  C.  1901-1902,  Mead,  Elias  (S.S.)  1904-1905  and 
1907-1908,  Munro,  J.  J.  (S.S.)  1909-1910.  Dropped  1919.  "Doc. 
Hist."  i.  431. 

79.  Gravesend,  1655.  Polhenius,  J.  T.  1655-76,  Selyns,  1660-4,  supplied 
occasionally  by  Van  Zuuren,  1677-85,  supplied  occasionally  by 
Varick.  1685-94,  supplied  occasionally  by  Lupardus,  1695- 1702, 
Antonides,  1706-44,  Arondeus,  1742-7,  Van  Sinderin,  1747-65, 
Curtenius,  1755-6,  Schoonmaker,  M.  1765-1824,  Bassett,  181 1-24, 
Labagh,  I.  P.  32-42,  Labagh,  A.  I.  42-59,  Hansen,  59-71,  Stock- 
well,    72-87,    Van    Buskirk,    87-1912,    Clifford,    P.    H.    1913-1917, 

Fletcher,  O.  M.  1918 .     "Doc.  Hist."  i.  411,  432.     "Sutphen's 

Hist.  Disc,"  1877.        , 

^o.  Brooklyn,  (Midwout),  Jeroloman  St.,  1660.  (Polhemus,  J.  T. 
(S.S.)  1656-60),  Selyns,  1660-4,  Carl  DcBois.  prelector,  carried- 
ried  on  the  services,  1664;  Polhemus  again,  1664-76,  Megapolen- 
sis,  S.  1664-8,  Van  Zuuren,  1667-85,  Rudolphus  Varick,  1685-94, 
Lupardus,  1695-1702,  (Vesey,  Epis.,  1702-5),  Freeman,  1705-41, 
Antonides,  1706-44,  Arondeus,  1742-7,  Van  Sinderin,  1746-84,  Cur- 
tenius, 1755-6,  Rubel,  1759-83,  Schoonmaker,  M.  1784- 1824,  Lowe, 
P.  1787-1808,  Johnson,  J.  B.  1802-1803.  Woodhull,  1806-25,  Mason, 
E.  26-8,  Rouse,  28-33,  Dwight,  M.  33-55,  Van  Gieson,  55-9, 
Willetts,  60-5,  Kimball,  65-74  Dickson,  H.  R.  75-7,  Vanderveer, 
D.  N.  78-86,  Chapin,  88-9.  Farrar,  1890-1917,  P.E.  1917-21,  Derby- 
shire, A.  J.  1917-1918,  Van  Zanten,  J.  W.  1920 .    In  Ecc.  Rec. 

N.Y.,  many  letters ;  "Stiles'  Hist,  of  Brooklyn,"  3  vols.,  8vo, 
1869-70;  "Col.  Hist.  N.Y.,"  sec  Index:  "Doc.  Hist.  N.Y."  iii. 
75;    "Mag.   R.D.C."  iii.   52;    "Thompson's  Hist.  L.L" 

<i).  Centennial  Chapel,  (3d  Av.).  Wyckoff,  A.  N.  1876-9,  Chapin, 
87-9,  Stockwell,  90-3. 

81.  New  Utrecht,  i8th  Av.,  1677.  Van  Zuuren,  1677-85,  (Clark,  Jas. 
1680-95),  Varick,  1685-94,  Lupardus,  1695-1702,  Freeman,  1705- 
4J, 'Antonides,  1706-44,  Arondeus,  1742-7,  Van  Sinderin,  1746-84, 
Curtenius,  1755-6,  Rubel,  1759-83,  Schoonmaker,  M.  1784-1824, 
Lowe,  P.  1787-1808,  Beattie,  1809-34,  Currie,  35-66,  Sutphen,  67- 
79,  Brush,  A.  H.  1880-1910,  P.E.  1910-1911,  Fisher,  O.  E.  1910- 

1918,   Roosenraad,   A.   1919 .     Assistant,   Fisher,   O.   E.    1907- 

1910.     See  "Doc.  Hist."  i.  413,  430.    "Sutphen's  Hist.  Disc,"  1877. 

S2.  New  Lots.  (New  Lots  Av.),  1824.  Cruikshank,  W.  1824-34,  Bald- 
win, J.  C.  1836-52,  Van  Buren,  J.  M.  1852-73,  Wood,  C.  W.  1874-7, 
Pearse,  N.  1877-1903,  Greene,  E.  W.  (S.S.)  1903-1904,  Has- 
brouck.  H.  C.  1904 

83.  Williamsburgh,  (Fourth  St.  until  1869;  now  Bedford  Avenue  and 
Clymer  St.),  1829.  Demarest,  Jas.  (Sr.)  29-39,  Van  Doren 
W.  H.  40-9,  Porter,  E.  S.  49-83,  Terhune,  84-91,  Mills,  A.  W.  93- 
4,  Duryea,  Jos.  T.  95-8,  Ennis,  H.  W.  1898-1902,  Baile>,  E.  D. 
(S.S.)  1903-1910,  Wouters,  A.  1910-1916,  Clark,  W.  W.  (S.S.) 
1918-1919.     See  "Porter's  Hist.  Disc,"  1866. 

«4.  Central,  or  2d,  or  Brooklyn  Heights,  Henry  St.,  1837.  Garretson,  J. 
Miss,  to,  36-7,  Van  Arsdale,  C.  C.  supplied,  38-40,  Brodhead,  41-6, 
McLaren,  1847-49.     See  Church  on  the  Heights,  No.  94. 

85.  East  New  York,  184c.  Campbell,  W.  H.  39-41,  Schoonmaker,  M. 
V.  42-9,  Strong,  J.  50-4,  Munn,  56-67,  Blauvelt,  C.  R.  68-74, 
Hill,  W.  J.  75-82,  Van  Pelt,  D.  82-7,  Brooks,  J.  W.  88-93,  Dick- 
son, J.   M.   1894-1903,   Cornish,  F.   L.   1904 .     Name  changed 

to  Forest  Park,  1913,  which  see  No.  113. 

S6.  South    Brooklyn,   Third   Av.,    1840.     Van   Arsdale,   C.   C.    supplied, 


THE    CHURCHES 


68.-, 


40-1,  Woodbridge,  42-50,   Rowland,   53,  Manning,   54-73-   Myers, 
H   V   S   74-82,  Mason,  A.  D.  W.  82-91,  Bergen,  J.  T.  92-5.  Dick- 
haut,    B.    E.    1896-1903,    Macdonald,    W.    J.    1904-1917,    Watson, 
R.  A.  1917- 
«7.  Fourth,  1841.    Williamson,  P.  S.  1841-2.  to., 

88.  Middle,    Harrison    St.,    1846.      Oakey,    47-9,    Talmage,    I    R.    50-2, 

Smith,  N.  E.  53-68,  Ingersoll,  Jan.  69-83,  Ford,  W    H.  83-7. 
^o.  Bedford,  or  East  Brooklyn,    (Ormond   Place)     1847.     Lloyd,  Miss, 
to,  1847,  Elmendorf,  A.  48-51.  Schenck,  J.  W.  53-5,  West.  L  55-68, 
Farmer,  68-70,  Carroll,  J.  H.  72-6,  Kipp,  P    E.  77-8i,  Griffin,  W 
T   81-6,  George,  H.  W.  (S.S.)  88.  Berg.  H.  C.  88-95,  Perry,  W. 

D.  (S.S.)  95-7-    Dropped  1904.  a     d      a^-        -       ,8.8 

90.  Green  Point.  Kent  St.,  1848.  Van  Nest,  A.  R.,  Miss,  to,  1848, 
Ward  J  W.  1849-54.  Talmage.  G.  1855-62,  Peek,  G.  H.  1863-5, 
Van  Gieson,  1866-7.  McKelvey.  A.  1867-7^,  Francis,  1873-1904. 
PE  1904-1921.  Hutchins.  R.  G.  1905-1910.  Watson,  R.  A.  1911- 
1917,   Dushaw.  A.  I.   1918-1919,  Kerschred.   H.   B.    (S  ;=.)    1920- 

1921,  Thena,  Robert,  1921 .     See  G.  Talmage  s  Publications. 

-01  Twelfth  St.,  1850.  (Formerly  North  Gowanus).  Pierce,  51-75- 
Gulick,   U.   D.  75-88.   Lloyd,  J.   E.  88-190C,   Denman.    1901-1904, 

Caton.'j.  C.  1904-1915.  Rauscher.  J.  C.  1916- 

92  New  Brooklyn,  (Ger.),  1851.  (Herkimer  St.).  Dickhau^.  54-66, 
Heyser,    67-70,    Suckow,    70-9.    Weber.    Jacob,    79-93.    Erhardt, 

.93.  North!^  Clermont  Av.,  1851.  Elmendorf.  A.  51-65.  Enyard.  65-73. 
Thompson.  A.  R.  73-84.  Perry.  W.  D.  85-90.  Hallenbeck.  E.  F. 
91-3,  McClelland.  T.  C.  93-6.  Demarest.  Jas.  (S.S.)  189S-1902 
United  with  the  Bethany  Chapel  to  form  the  Bethany  Reformed 
Church.  1902,  which  see  No.  no. 
.94.  Church  on  the  Heights.  Pierrepont  St.,  1851.  (This  was  m  some 
resnects  a  continuation  of  the  Central  Ch.,  which  Dr.  Bethune 
had  supplied  from  Sept..  1849).  Bethune,  5i-9-  Fells.  60-6.  Eddy. 
67-71  Inglis  72-7.  Mitchell.  78-80.  Hutton,  A.  J.  81-7.  Davis. 
W  R.  88-93,  Adam.  J.  D.  1893-1907.  Magill,  A.  1908-1913.  Shan- 
non, F.  F.  1914-1919,  Davidson,  T.  W.  1921.  See  "Dr.  Inglis 
Hist.  Sen,"  1876. 

(i).     Chapel  on  the  Heights.  1855.     Quackenbush,  1855-9. 

(2).  Bethany  Chapel.  Hudson  Av.  Myers,  A.  E.  70-1.  9,''.'^'y°^^' 
71-2,  Shaw,  A.  72-7,  Whitehurst.  77-81.  Tilton.  89-91.  Wyckoflf. 
C  E  93-7.  Makely.  97-1900.  Addy.  1900-1902.  United  with  the 
North  Reformed  Church  to  form  the  Bethany  Reformed  Church. 
1902,  which  see  No.  no. 

•95  South  Bushwick.  Bushwick  Av.,  1851.  Himrod.  51-9,  Wortman, 
60-3.  Hartranft.  64-6.  Voorhees.  H.  V.  67-9.  Hulst.  69-1900.  Niles, 
1901-1910,  Pfeiffer.  H.  N.  1910-1913.  Meyer.  A.  J.  1914 — — 

96    Lee  Avenue.  185s.     Halloway.  W.  W.  1855-9.  Holmes,  J.  McC.  1859- 
64,  Willets,   1865-6,  Hicks,  1867-8.  Carroll,   1869-72. 
[North  Sixth  St.  Mission.  1858]. 

97.  Bergen  Hill,  1859-61.    Baird,  1860-61. 

98.  Ger.   Evang..    (St.    Peter's.   Union   Av.).   E.   D..    1866.      (Formerly 

Independent  Lutheran.  1853-6;  Pohle.  1853-Q.  Zapf.  G.  A.  P.  1859- 
63,    Hennike,    H.    1863-5.    Riedenbach,    1865-6),    Wagner,    66-94, 

Guenther.    J.    C.    86-1900.    Wacker.    1900 .      United    with   the 

German"  Evangelical    of    Manhattan    to    form    Trinity    Church, 
Brooklyn,  which  see  No.  n4. 

99.  [Myrtle  Av.  Mission.  1868.     Noble,  68-9]. 

300.  [Grace  Chapel.  1871.  See  Flatbush.  No.  76  and  Grace  Reformed 
Church  No.  in]. 


684  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

loi.  Flatbush  2d,  (Ger.),  1874.  (East  Broadway).  Friedel,  75-87, 
Scholz,  88-9,  Bruschweiller,  91.  Jensen,  92-4,  Goebel,  L.  1895-1918, 
Wahl,  H.  J.  1918 

102.  Canarsie,   1876,    (Ger.).     Dickhaut,  C.  76-87,   Schlieder,  F.  E.  87-9, 

Nicolai,  90-91,  Ficken,  91-190C,  Herge,  1901-1909,  Meier,  Jacob 
1909 

103.  Ocean  Hill,  1885.     (Herkimer  St.).     Quick,  A.  M.  85-1900,  Seibert, 

F.  A.  1900-1904,  Voegelin,  C.  F.  N.  1904-1908,  Hageman,  A. 
1909 

104.  Edgewood,  (Blythbourne),  1891.     (54th  St.  and  14th  Av.).     Adams, 

W.  T.  E.  1891-1906,  Weber,  H.  C.  1906-1912,  Morris,  R.  C.  1912- 
1916,  Wouters,  A.  1916— — 

105.  Church   of   Jesus,    1891.      Guenther,    A.    1893-1902.    P.E.    1902-1908, 

Schumacher,  G.  1902,  Gunther,  John  C.  (S.S.)  1902,  Barny,  Wm. 
F.  1903-1905,  Nickse,  L.  1905-1907,  Oswald,  C.  1907 

106.  Greenwood  Heights,   1892.      (41st   St.).     Stockwell,  94-9,  Van  Ars- 

dale,  N.  H.  (S.S.)  99-1901,  Arcularius,  (S.S.)  1902-1904,  Kip,  F. 
N.  1904-1906,  Anderson,  C.  T.  1906-1914,  Tyndall,  S.  G.  1915-20. 

107.  Bay  Ridge,  1896.     (2d  Av.  and  8cth  St.).     Scudder,  C.  J.  1897-1907, 

Young,  F.  P.  1908-1918. 

108.  Emmanuel,    (German-American)    (East   New   York),    1897.      Boet- 

cher,  98-1902,  Oswald,  1903-1907.     Disbanded  190S. 

109.  Woodlawn  Chapel,    (East  9th  St.),   1900.     Bogert,  N.  J.  M.   1900- 

1901.     See  Woodlawn  Church,  No.  112. 

110.  Bethany    Reformed    Church.      Columbia    Heights,    Brooklyn,    1902. 

Formed  by  union  of  the  North  Reformed  Church  and  Bethany 
Chapel  of  the  Church  on  the  Heights,  1902.  Demarest,  James 
1902-1911,  P.  E.  1911-1913,  Clifford,  P.  H.  1911-1913,  Waugh,  A. 
J.  1915-1918. 

111.  Grace  Reformed  Church,  1903,  Flatbush  Ave.     (Organized  from  the 

Grace  Chapel  of  Flatbush,  1903).  Wyckoff,  C.  S.  1903-1910, 
Carter,  G.  W.  1911-21. 

112.  Woodlawn,    1906,    Prospect    Park,    Brooklyn.      (Woodlawn   Chapel, 

1900).     Addy,  J.  G.  1906 

113.  Forest    Park,    Schenck    Ave.,    Brooklyn.    N.Y.,    1913.      Formed    by 

union  of  East  New  York  and  Presbyterian  Church  of  Forest 
Park,  1913.     See  No.  85.     Cornish,  F.  L.  1913 

114.  Trinity,  1919,  Penn  St.,  Brooklyn,  N.Y.     Formed  by  union  of  Ger- 

man Evangelical,  Brooklyn  and  German  Evangelical,  Manhattan, 

1919,    Wacker,    G.    G.    1919 .      For    Brooklyn,    see    Ecc.    Rec. 

N.Y.,  many  letters.  Stile's  Hist.  Brooklyn,  3  vol.  8vo,  1869-70. 
Col.  Hist.  N.Y.,  see  Index.  Doc.  Hist.  N.Y.  iii.  75.  Mag.  R.D.C. 
iii.  52.     Thompson's  Hist.  L.I.     Van  Pelt's  Hist,  of  Greater  N.Y. 

IV.       NEW     YORK     CITY — BOROUGH    OF    QUEENS. 

-  115.  Jamaica,  1702.  Antonides,  1706-41,  (Van  Basten,  1739-40),  Goet- 
schius,  J.  H.  1741-8,  Romeyn.  Thos.  1753-60.  supplied  by  Kettel- 
tas,  1760-2,  Boelen,  1766-72,  Froeligh.  S.  1775-6,  Van  Nest,  R. 
1785-97.  Kuypers,  Z.  H.  1794-1818,  Schoonmaker,  J.  1802-50,  Gar- 
retson,  G.  I.  1835-49.  Alliger,  1850-70.  Van  Slvke,  J.  1870-6,  De 

Hart,    1877-87,   Walser,   89-91,   filton,   E.   91-8,   Wick,    1898 . 

"Doc.  Hist.,"  iii.  75,  78.  "Smith's  Hist.  N.Y.,"  Onderdonk's  Hist., 
1884.  Christian  Int.,  April  28.  1897. 
116.  Newtown,  Elmhurst.  1731.  (Van  Basten,  17^9-40),  Goetschius, 
J.  H.  1741-8,  Romeyn,  Thos.  1754-60.  Boelen,  1766-80,  Froeligh, 
S.  1775-6.  Van  Nest.  R.  1785-97,  Kuypers,  Z.  H.  1794-1802, 
Schoonmaker,  J.  1802-49,  Garretson,  G.  I.  35-49,  Strong,  T.  C. 
49-59.  Anderson,  W.  A.  59-66,  Shepard,  67-91,  Ennis,  H.  W.  92-4, 
Clearwater,  1894-1922.     See  "Riker's  Annals  of  Newtown." 


THE    CHURCHES  685 

117.  Astoria.  1830.     Bishop,  Alex.  40-53.  Ten  Eyck.  W.  H.  53-73,  Haines. 

M.  L.  1874-85.  Crammer.  85-93,  Van  Pelt,  D.  94-8,  Rauscher. 
1898-1916,  Rosenraad,  A.  C.  1916-1919.  Bolsterle,  G.  S.   1920 

118.  Flushing,   1842.     Gordon,   1843-9.  Mandeville,  G.  H.   1851-9,  Hallo- 

way,  W.  1859-65,  Fairchild.  1866-71,  Cobb,  O.  E.  1872-90,  Dem- 
arest,  Jas.  90-7,  Potter.  R.  H.  98-1900,  Swain,  J.   R.   1901-1905. 

Mackenzie.  T.  H.   1905 .     See  "Doc.  Hist.  N.Y."  i.  432;  and 

"Cobb's  Hist.  Sketch,"  1882. 

119.  Astoria,  2d  (Ger.),  1854.     Boehrer,  54-6.— Revived,  1862.     Wenisch, 

65-6,  Steinfuhrer,  1873 

120.  Newtown,    2d    (Ger.),    1855.      Boehrer,    55-6.    Dickhaut,    C.    56-61, 

Wenisch,  65-6.  Steinfuhrer.  67-73.  Wenisch,  74-8,  Hock, 
93-6,    Bender,    96-1901,    Sauerbrunn,    1901-1904,    Meier,    J.    1905- 

1907,  Schoerk.  G.  J.  1907-1918.  Bosshart,  J.  G.  1918 

121.  East  Williamsburgh.   1855.     (New  Jersey  Av.).     Holmes.  J.  McC 

57-9.  Pearse,  59-60,  Kip,  I.  L.  61-2.  Durvea,  W.  R.  63-4.  Ferris 
Wm.  73-84.  Van  Giesen,  D.  E.  (S.S.)  1899-1900.  Declared  ex- 
tinct 1912. 

122.  Queens,   1857.     Hammond,  J.  W.  59-63.  Wyckoff,  Jas.  64-71,  Nich- 

oUs,  71-5,  Hageman,  A.  75-87.  Demarest,  J.  S.  N.  1887-1917, 
Lyon,  D.  E.  1918 

123.  Locust  Valley.  1871.     Hart.  John,  72-5,  Craig,  75-80,  Mason.  A.  D. 

W.  80-2.  Smock.  83-98.  Shook,  1902-1905,  vacant,  1905-12,  Bau- 
meister,  J.  (S.S.)  1910-1912,  Eastman.  E.  F.  1912-1917,  Miller. 
E.  W.  1917-21. 

124.  College  Point.  1872.    Fairchild.  72-6.  Berg.  H.  C.  78-88,  Baumeister 

88-98.  Malven,  1898-1905,  Shephard,  R.  L.  (S.S.),  1906-1908, 
Dangremond,  A.  C.  V.  1908-1915,  Sluj-ter.  H.  1915-20  Herge  H 
J.  1921 

125.  Long  Lsland  City,  ist,  (Laurel  Hill),  1875.     (Academy  St.).     Perry, 

75-6.    Garretson.    G.    R.    76-7.    Gutweiler.    77-85,    Shaw,    Alex 

1885-1915.  Doyle.  D.  P.  1915-1919,  Scofield,  F.  A.  1919 .     Ch. 

Int.,  June  20.  1900. 

126.  Jamaica.    (St.    Paul's),    Ger..    1876.      Hones,    1876-80,    Freeh     81-5 

Hartig.  86-99.   (Hock,  94,  Bender,  97),  Stoebener,  1900 

127.  Stemway,   1891.     Bergen,  J.  T.    (S.S.)   84-6,  Gulick,  U.  D.    (S  S  ) 

90-1900,   Laufer,    (S.S.)    19CO-1906,  Collins,   C.   M.    (S.S)    1906- 

1908.  Lang.  G.  (S.S.)  1909-1913,  Strauss,  P.  F.  (S.S.)  1911- 
1915.  P.  1915 

128.  Ridgewood,    Evergreen,    1891.      Hume,   Miss,   to,   93-5.    Weber    Jac 

95-7.  Israel.  G.  R.  1897 

129.  Long  Island  City.  2d  (Sunnvside).   (Buckley  St.),  1896     Olandt    C 

1896  Doyle,  D.  P.  1897-1903,  Lyons,  A.  P.  (S.S.)  1907-1908. 
Allebash,  A.  I.  (S.S.)   1917.  Severance.  C  M.  (S.S.)    1920 

130.  New   Hyde   Park.    1893.     Hieber.  93-5.   Van  Giesen,   D.   E     (S  S  ) 

96-1900.  MacNeil,  W.  W.  1915-1918,  Van  Antwerpen,  A   E    1918- 

i9-'o.   Smith,   M.   B.   1920 

131-  Winfield,   Wintield  Junction,   N.Y.,    1907.     Miller,   W    J     H     1907- 
1911,   Adams,   W.   T.   E.    191 1 

132.  German   Evangelical,    Far   Rockaway.     Inwood.    L.I.,    1909      Hopf 

P.  H.  1909-1915.  Bosshart,  J.  G.  1916-1918.  Wettstein.  A.  L.  1918- 
20. 

V.       NEW     VORK     CITY — BOROUGH     OF    RICHMOND. 
STATEN    ISLAND. 

133.  Fresh  Kills.  1665.     A  church  was  built  not  far  from  the  present  site 

of  the  church  of  the  Huguenots,  for  the  French,  about  this  time- 
supplied    by    Drisius.    1652-60?    Selvns.    1660-4,    Tesschenmaker' 


686  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

1682-3,  Daille,  1638-8,  by  Bonrepos,  David,  1683-1714,  when  they 
coalesced  with  the  Dutch.     See  Richmond,  1714,  No.  136. 

134.  South  Side,  1665.     (At  Stony  Brook).     A  church  was  built  by  the 

Waldenses  and  Huguenots,  and  they  were  supplied  by  Drisius, 
1652-60,  Selyns,  1660-4,  Tesschenmaker,  1682-3,  by  Daille,  1683-8, 
Vanden  Bosch,  1687-89,  Bonrepos,  1697-1714.  Afterward  the  site 
of  the  church  was  transferred  to  Richmond.  See  Richmond,  1714, 
No.  136. 

135.  North  Side,  Port  Richmond    (or  Cityville),   1680.     Supplied  occa- 

sionally by  Van  Zuuren,  1680-85,  by  Tesschenmaeker,  1680-82,  by 
Varick.  1685-95,  by  Bertholf,  1694- 171 8,  by  Freemen,  1705-41,  by 
Antonides,  1706-44,  and  occasionally  by  Vas,  1710-18;  pastor.  Van 
Santvoord.  C.  1718-42,  (De  Wint,  1751-2),  Jackson,  W.  1757-89, 
Stryker,  P.  1790-4,  Kirby,  1797-1801,  Van  Pelt,  P.  I.  1802-35, 
Brownlee,  Jas.  35-95,  Demarest,  A.  H.  84-1901,  Berg,  J.  F. 
1902-1911,  Mohn.  O.  L.  F.  1911 

136.  Richmond,   1714.      (Union  of   French,   Dutch,  and   English).     Sup- 

plied by  Bertholf,  1714-24,  by  Freeman,  1714-41,  by  Antonides, 
1714-44,  by  Vas,  1714-18;  pastor,  Van  Santvoord,  C.  1718-42,  (De 
Wint,  1751-2),  Jackson,  W.  1757-76.  Burned  by  the  British.  (See 
Richmond,  No.  137. 

137.  Richmond,    1808.     Van   Pelt,   P.   I.    1808-35,   Brownlee,   Jas.   35-53, 

Peck,  T.  R.  G.  54-60,  White,  E.  N.  59-62,  Fehrman,  62-6,  Sinclair, 
1866-75,  Ktp.   F.  M.   1876-80.     Name  dropped,   1886. 

138.  Brighton    Hights,    (Tompkinsville),    1820.      Van    Pelt,    P.    I.    20-3, 

Miller,  J.  E.  23-47.  Thompson.  A.  R.  48-51,  Brett,  P.  M.  51-60, 
Hitchcock,  60-65,  Timlow.  66-8,  Watson,  T.  69-71,  Enyard,  73-9, 
Clark,  W.  W.  80-7,  Hutchins,  J.  87-92,  Lowe,  T.  O.  93-8.  Stout, 
J.  C.  1898-1902,  Allen,  A.  H.  1902-1907,  Lenington,  G.  C.  1908- 
1917,  Brinckerhofif,  J.  H.  1917 

139.  Huguenot,   (Westfield,  Seaside),  1850.     La  Tourette,  52-4,  Gregory,. 

T.  B.  S5-6o,  Stryker,  H.  B.  61-71,  Kip,  F.  M.  (Sr.)  72-80,  vacant, 
80-96,  Junor,  D.   1897-1911,  Snyder,   D.  C.   1911-1918,  Frost,  H. 

D.  1922 

140.  Stapleton,   S.L,    1851.     Thompson,  A.   R.    1851-8,   Skinner,    1859-67. 

141.  Tottenville.  1855-8. 

142.  Tompkinsville,  2d,   i860,   (Ger.). 

143.  German  Evangelical,  St.  Peter's,  Kreischersville,  S.L,  1881,  Ganss, 

J.  1883-1912,  Ganss.  J.  (S.S.)  1915.    Dropped  1918. 

144.  Princes  Bay,   1900.     Junor,  D.   1900-1911.     Reorganized  as   Prince 

Bay,  1921.     Frost,  H.  D.  1922 

145.  Mariners'  Harbor,  S.L.  N.Y.,  1905.     Rockefeller,  De  W.  G.   1907- 

1913,  Compton,  W.  E.   1913-1919,  Walser,  O.  H.   1921 

146.  Clover  Road  Chapel,  S.L,  191 5.     (Clove  Valley  Chapel).     Muller, 

E.  T.  1910-20. 

See  Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y.  Doc.  Hist.  iii.  76.  Ch.  Int.,  11,  125.  Dr.  James 
Brownlee's  Dis.  at  200th  Anniversary  of  his  Church.  Also  his  Dis.  at  40th' 
anniversary  of  his  pastorate.     Clute's  "Hist,  of  Staten  Island." 

New  York  Mills,  Oneida  Co.,  N.Y.,  1895.  Bergmans,  97-1901.  Hogen- 
boom,  S.  M.  1904-1905,  TePaske,  J.  W.  1906-08,  Tevis.  John,  1909- 
1910.     Dropped  1911.     See  Dailey  Hist,  of  Montgomery  Classis,  124. 

Niigata,  1869-70,  see  Japan. 

Niskayuna.  (Nestegauna,  Canastigoine),  Schenectady  Co.,  N.Y.,  about  1780, 
Samson  Occum,  a  Mohican  Indian  from  Connecticut,  often  supplied 
them ;  also  Lorenzo  Dow,  a  Methodist ;  Romeyn,  D.,  Westerlo,  and 
Van  Bunschoten.  E.  supplied.  1780-90,  Demarest,  J.  1790-1799,  (S.S.) 
Bassett,  Close,  Romeyn,  Bork,  Meyer,  1802- 1805,  Romeyn,  T.  1806-27, 
McKelvey,  J.  27-30,  Van  Wagenen,  31-5,  Raymond,  35-50,  Talmage,  G, 


THE    CHURCHES  68/ 

51-5.  Wells.  C.  L.  55-8,  De  Baun,  J.  A.  58-83,  Ditmars,  1883 .     See 

"Doc.  Hist."  i.  245  ;  "De  Baun's  Hist.  Sketch";  "Smith's  N.Y."  306. — 
Ditmars  and  Pearse's  Addresses  at  150th  anniversary,  1900.  Christ, 
Int.,  Oct.  10,  1900. 

Nominack.  now  Minisink. 

Noordelors,  Mich.,  1856.     Van  den  Bosch,  K.  56-7,  seceded. 

Noord,  Holland,  or  North  Holland,  Mich. 

Norfolk  St.,  see  68th  St.,  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Norman.  Okl.,  1907.     Dropped  1909. 

Norman's  Kill,  Albany  Co..  N.Y.,   1783?     See  "Brodhead's  N.Y."  i.  81. 

Norris,  Fulton  Co..  111.  (station).  Bogardus,  W.  E.,  Miss,  to,  1868-74, 
Williamson.  N.  D.  70-2,  Lansing,  A.  G.  73-4,  Beekman,  A.  J.  74-6, 
Bumstead,  (S.S.)   76-86,  name  dropped,  1895. 

North  and  South  Hampton,  (Bensalcm.  Neshaminy),  Churchville,  Bucks 
Co..  Pa..  1710.  (A.R.D.C.  but  in  connection  with  the  German  Ccetus, 
1747-71).  Van  Vleck.  P.  1710-12,  supplied  by  Rev.  Malachi  Jones, 
Presbyt.  1714-21,  Frelinghuysen.  often  supplied,  1721-30,  C.  Van  Sant- 
voord,  (S.S.)  1730.  Dorsius,  1737-43,  again,  1744-8.  Goetschius,  1738- 
40,  supplied  by  Schlatter,  once  a  month.  1746-50.  Du  Bois.  Jonathan, 
1751-72.  Schenck.  Wm.  1777-80,  Leydt,  M.  1780-3,  Stryker,  P.  1788-90, 
Brush,  J.  C.  1794-6.  Larzalere,  1797-1828,  Halsey,  A.  O.  29-67,  Knowl- 
ton,  60-4,  De  Hart,  68-70,  Voorhees,  H.  M.  71-7,  Lippincott,  77-81, 
Streng,  82-90,  Craig,  1891-1911.  Strohauer,  P.  J.  1912-1917,  Roddy.  J. 
S.  (S.S.)  1917-21.  See  "Davis'  Hist,  of  Bucks  Co.,  Pa." — "Hall's 
Hist,  of  Presbyt.  Ch.  of  Trenton."  1859,  page  19;  "Murphy's  Presby- 
tery of  the  Log  College."  p.  200;  and  especially  "the  Churchviile  Chron- 
icle." Aug.  26.  2"/.  1885,  for  acct.  of  early  settlement,  and  "Prof.  Hinke's 
Ch.  Record  of  Neshaminy  and  Bensalem,  1710-38,"  in  "Journal  of 
Presbyt.  Hist.  Soc."  1901.  See  also  "Ch.  Int.,"  1859,  June  30.  Wm. 
Penn  first  offered  the  persecuted  Dutch  in  the  Netherlands  this  home  in 
Pa. 

North  Bergen,  Weehawken.  {Gcr.),  Hudson  Co.,  N.J.,  1853.  Mohn,  55-7, 
Becker,  57-60,  Justin.  1865-1902,  Nickse,  L.  1902-1905,  Justin,  J.  1906- 
1910,  Mager,  Wm.  1910 

North  Blendon,  (Conger),  Hudsonville,  Mich.,  1903.  Vanden  Bo.sch,  T.  M. 
(S.S.)  1907,  Gruys,  W.  S.  1909-1913,  Burggraff,  J.  J.  1914-20,  Van 
Peuren,  J.  1922 

North  Blenheim,  Schoharie  Co.,  N.Y..  1850.  Scribner,  (S.S.)  47-8,  Van 
Woert,  50-3,  See,  W.  G.  E.  53-9.  Shafer,  60-7.  Vandewater,  67-9.  Miller, 
E.   72-84.    Phelps.    P.    86-95,    Whitney,   96-8,    Beale.    1 901 -1903,    vacant, 

1903-1915.    Vander    Kam.    P.     (S.S.)     1915 .      Occasional    supplies 

1915 

North  Branch,  now  Readington.  N.J. 

North  Branch.  Somerset  Co..  N.J..  1825.  Fisher,  G.  H.  26-30,  Wilson, 
A.  D.  31-8,  Campbell,  J.  K.  38-54,  Doolittle,  P.  M.   1856-1906,  Corwin, 

C.  E.  1907-1915,  Sauerbrunn,  L.  1916 

See  Semi-Centennial  of  Rev.  P.  M.  Doolittle,  1906. 

North  Branch,  Sullivan  Co.,  N.Y.,  1871.     Elterich. 

North  Carolina,  Johnson,  W.  L.,  Miss,  in,  1869-74. 

North  Church,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan,  Collegiate  Church  No. 
^7). 

North  Church  Chapel,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan,  Chapels  of  the 
Collegiate  Church  (c). 

North  Creek,  111.,  1862. 

North  Easton,  see  Easton. 

North  Esopus,  1851,  .see  Port  Ewen,  N.Y. 

North  Gowanus,   1850,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of   Brooklvn.     (No.  91). 

North  Hackensack,  N.J.,  1876.  Until  1812  called  Cherry  Hill,  N.J.  Wood, 
C.  W.  1877-1878,  Graham,  1878-1884,  Harris,  J.  F.  1886-1891,  Manchee, 


THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

1891-1893,  Duryee,  Ab.   1894-1911,  Freer,  H.  A.   1912-1918,  Miller,  W. 
J.  H.  1918-1919,  Walter,  A.  J.  1920 

North  Hamilton,  see  East  Overisel. 

North  Harlem,  1820.    Perhaps  an  error  for  New  Harlem. 

North  Hempstead,  Manhasset,  L.I.,  1816.  (Success,  1731)-  (Van  Basten, 
1739-40).  Goetschius,  J.  H.  1741-8,  Romeyn,  Thos.  1754-60,  Boelen, 
1766-72,  Froeligh,  S.  1775-6,  Van  Nest,  R.  1785-97,  Kuypers,  Z.  H. 
1794-1824,  Bogert,  D.  S.  13-26,  Heermance,  Henry,  26-7,  Otterson, 
28-34,  Robb,  35-7,  Gordon,  38-43,  Sheffield,  43-6,  Schoonmaker,  R.  L. 
47-52,  Demarest,  Jas.  (Sr.)  53-9,  Boice,  59-70,  Davis,  W.  E.  71-9, 
Stevenson,  Wm.  80-1,  Martine,  82-91,  Zabriskie,  A.  A.  91-2,  Duncombe, 

1893-1907,  Maddaus,  O.  1907 .    See  "Onderdonk's  Annals";  "Moore's 

Hist,  of";    "Gen.  and  Biog.  Rec."  x.  1-19. 

North  Holland,  (Noord  Holland,  or  New  Holland),  Holland,  Ottawa  Co., 
Mich.,  1853,  revived,  1856.     Oggel,  E.  C.  66-70,  Van  Ess,  70-84,  De  Jong, , 
J.  P.  83-7,  Bloemendal,  90-1,  Stegeman,  Ab.  93-8,  Strabbing,  1900-1905. 
Wesselink,  J.   1905-1910,  Tysse,  G.   1911-1919,  Klaaren,  J.   1921 

North  Marbletown,  1851,  see  Marbletown. 

North  Marion,  Litchville,  N.D.  (Marion)  1908.  Vander  Schaaf,  J.  J.  1910- 
1912,  Brink,  J.  W.  1915-1919,  Petterson,  H.  M.  1920-21. 

North  Newark,  see  Newark. 

North  Orange,   1883,  see  Newkirk,  la. 

North  Park,  1909,  see  Kalamazoo,  Mich. 

North  Passaic,   1868:  see  Passaic,  N.J. 

North  Paterson,  1894,  see  Paterson,  N.J. 

North  Sibley,  Little  Rock,  Sibley,  la.,  1895.  Janssen,  1896-1903,  Zindler, 
G.   1903-1909,  Koerlin,  E.  F.   1909-1913,  Potgeter,  H.  J.   1914-1918. 

North  Sterling,  see  Sterling,  N.Y. 

Nortumberland,  Bacon  Hill,  Schuylerville,  Saratoga  Co.,  N.Y.,  1820.  Dur- 
yee, 1820-28,  Mair,  29-31,  May,  34-8,  Wyckoff,  C.  38-41-  Slauson,  43- 
53,  Van  Wyck,  P.  53-6,  McCartney,  57-63,  Markle,  64-5,  Kellogg,  67-72, 
Labaw,  73-4,  Ford,  75-80,  Mills,  G.  A.  82-4,  Bailey,  J.  W.  85-6,  Den- 
man,  88-91,  Gulick,  N.  J.  92-6,  Davis,  L.  E.  96-7,  Luckenbill,  97-8,  Viele, 
1899-1902,  Van  Ess,  J.  1904-1909,  Classical  Missionary,  1912-1917,  Ber- 
ger,  A.  L.  (S.S.)  1918. 

North  Western,  1893,  see  Chicago,  111. 

North  Yakima,  Yakima  Co.,  Washington  ,1901.  Harmeling,  S.  J.  1901-1904, 
Borgers,  H.  (S.S.)  1904,  TeSelle,  J.  W.  1905-1906,  Van  der  Naald, 
H.  1906-1910,  DePree,  J.  1910-1911,  Bruins,  B.  1912-1914,  Van  Heuvelen, 
B.  1914-21,  Van  Lierop,  J.  B.  H.  1921 

Norwood  Park,  1871,  see  Chicago,  111. 

Nutley,  1855,  sec  Franklin,  N.J. 

Nyack,  Rockland  Co.,  N.Y.,  1838.  Brett,  P.  M.  38-42,  Hagaman,  C.  S.  43- 
52,  Van  Zandt,  B.  52-5.  Lord,  D.  56-60,  Marvin,  60-70,  Voorhees,  H.  V. 
71-8,  McCorkle,  (S.S.)  78-81,  Clark,  W.  H.  81-6,  Van  Deventer,  J.  C. 
86-92,  Leggett,  W.  J.  93-1901,  Prentice,  S.  1904 

Oakdale  Park,  1889,  see  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Oak  Harbor,  Wash.,  1903.     Borgers,  H.  (S.S.)   1903-1905,  Vander  Beek,  J. 

1905-1908,  Rottschaeffer,  Wm.  1909-1915,  DeWitt,  H.  1917 .     Cook, 

M.  1919 

Oakhill,  1787,  see  Durham,  N.Y. 

Oakland,  see  East  Overisel,  Mich. 

Oakland,  1710,  see  Ponds,  N.J. 

Oak  Park,  1911,  see  Chicago,  West  Side. 

Oak  Tree,  N.J.,  1912,  see  Marconnier,  N.J. 

Ocean  Hill,  1885,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Ogilvie,  Minn.,  1921. 

Oita,  1910,  see  Japan. 


THE    CHURCHES  689 

O-kange.   1864,  see  China. 

Oklahoma,  see  Colony,  Columbian  Memorial  Church;    Fort   Sill  and  Cor- 

dell,  Arapahoe,  Liberty,  Harrison. 
Oklahoma  City,  Okl.,  1908.     Colby,  H.  E.  (S.S.)   1908,  Riepma,  S.  F.  1908- 

191 1.     Disbanded  191 1. 
Olinda,  1654,  see  Brazil. 

Old  Stissing,  (Ger.),  1746,  see  Gallatin,  N.Y. 
Olivia,  Renville  Co.,  Minn.,  18 — . 
Olive,  1799,  see  Shokan,  N.Y. 
Olive  I-^af,  Waukonda,  McCook  Co.,   S.D.,   1886.     Vacant,  86-8,    (omitted 

in  the  Syn.  Minutes,  88-93),  Linton,  J.  C.  94-6,  Miedema,  96-7,  classical 

missionary,  1897-1902.    Dropped  1902. 
Omi,  1843,  see  Ghent,  2d,  N.Y. 
Onesquethaw,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  1839.     Feura  Bush,  Jerusalem,  Clarksville. 

Existed  previously  as   Presbyt.     Van   Santvoord,   S.  39-64,  Millspaugh, 

66-72,  Vedder,  E.  73-84,  Perlee,  84-6,  Brown,  W.  S.  89-91,  various  sup- 
plies,   1891-1908,   Gulick,   G.   W.    1908-1909,   Ballard,    Bruce,    1910-1913, 

Hageman,  T.  A.  1913-1917,  Millett,  J.  1917 

Ontario,    Ontario    Centre,    Wayne    Co.,    N.Y.,    1884.      Reorganized,    1896. 

Hogenboom,    1899-1904,   Bahler,   P.   G.    M.    1903-1908,   Hospers,   G.   H. 

1908 

Oostburg.  Sheboygan  Co.,  Wis.,   1850.     Vander  Schuer,  56-66,  Karsten,  67- 

69.  Te  Winkle,  69-71,  Hoffman,  J.  74-8i,  Karsten,  83-4,  Lubacli,  86-93- 

Karsten,  93-9,  Sietsema,  1900-1904,  Rozendaal,  A.  1904-1907,  Beckering, 

W.    1908-1911,    Pasma,    H.    K.    1913-1917,    Swart,    P.    1918-21,    Laman, 

A.  T.  1921 

Oppenheim,  Fulton  Co.,  N.Y.,   (St.  John's,  Yonker's  Bush),   1816.     DeVoe, 

D.  1816-1830. 
Oppenheim,  N.Y.,  2d,   1821.     Vanderveer,  J.  C.  1822-3. 
Oppenheim,   N.Y.,   3d,    1826.     DeVoe,   D.    i826-(?).     See   Dailey   Hist,   of 

Montgomery  CI.,  124. 
Oradell,  Bergen  Co.,  N.J.,  1891.     DeWitt,  J.  T.  E.  1892-1903,  McCully,  E. 

T.  1904 

Orange,   a  name  applied   to   Tappan,   at    first   in    Orange    Co.,    N.Y.     The 

church  was  chartered  under  this  name,  bv  N.Y.,  Feb.  25,  1783,  and  N.J.. 

Sept.  9.  1788. 
Orange,    (East   Orange),   Essex  Co.,  N.J.,   1875.     Bishop,   G.   S.   1875-1907, 

P.E.   1907-1914,   Giles,   W.  W.   1907 

Orangeburgh,   Grace   Church,   S.C,    1880.     This  was  a   mission   station   for 

the  Freedmen  from  1876-80.     Johnson,  W.  L.  1876-1913.     Disbanded. 
Orans^e  City,  ist,  Sioux  Co.,  la.,  1871.     Bolks,  72-9,  Baursma,  79-89,  Vander 

Ploeg,  90-93,   Kolyn,  93-8,   Steffins,   N.   M.    1899-1901,    Stapelkamp,   E. 

W.  1901-1907,  Engelsman,  J.  1908— — 
Orancre    City,     (at    West    Branch),    Sioux    Co.,    Iowa,    1877;     now    Sioux 

Centre,  la. 
Orange  City,  2d,  la.,   1885.      (American),   1885.     De  Spelder,  J.  A.    (S.S.) 

85-7,   pastor,   87-94,   Zwemer,   J.   F.    (S.S.),   Mar. -Nov.,   94,   Zabriskie, 

A.  A.  94-6,  Zwemer,  J.  F.  Jan. -Nov.,  96,  De  Jong,  J.  L.  96-7,  Steren- 

berg,    J.    97-8,    Winter,    J.    P.    1899-1909,    McEwan,    D.    1911-1920,    De 

Young,  C.  1921 .     See  Ch.  Int.,  May  12,  1897. 

Orange  City,  la.,  see  Free  Grace,  Middleburgh,  1885.     (Newkirk). 

Orange  City,  la..  Trinity,  1919.     Steunenberg,  J.  1919 

Orattur,  1868,  see  India. 

Oregon,  1869,  see  Ebenezer,  111. 

Oskaloosa,    la.,    1912,    (Central).      DeBruine,    S.    1919-21,    Duiker,    W.    J. 

1921— . — 
Osnaburgh,  1802,  see  Canada. 

Osquak,    (Asquach),    (CI.   Montgomery),   1813.   Morris,  J.,  Miss,  to,   1829. 
Ostpiak.  Scccssio)!.    (Asquach),    1823.     Goetschius,   S.  Z.   1823-4. 


690  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Otley,  Marion  Co.,  Iowa,  1871.  Lansing,  A.  G.  71-2,  Meulendyk,  J.  (S.S.) 
77-8,  Westing,  82-6,  Ziegler,  87-92,  Heines,  94-7,  DeGroot,  D.  97-9, 
Niemeyer,  G.  1899-iqoi,  Boer,  H.  K.  1902-1905,  Brouwer,  J.  G.  1907- 
1910,  Ruisaard,  M.  C.  1910-1915,  Grooters,  P.  1916-1920,  Pietenpol,  H. 

J.  1920 

Ottawa.  Zeeland,  Mich.,  1916.     Classical  Missionary,  1916 

Overisel,  or  Overyssel,  Allegan  Co.,  Mich.,  1850.     Organization  came  from 
Holland.      Bolks,   47-3,    Nykerk,   58-91,   and   Lepeltak,   77-91,   Van   den 
Berg,  A.  1891-1906,  Hekhuis,  G.  J.  1906-1917,  Steunenberg,  J.  1918-1919, 
Stageman,  M.  A.  1919 — — 
Overyssel,  East,  see  East  Overyssel. 

Ovid,   Seneca   Co.,   N.Y.,   1808.     Brokaw,   Ab.    1809-22.  Vanderveer.   F.   H., 

Miss.   to.  23,  Vanderveer.  J.,  Miss,  to,  23.  Van   Vechten,   S.,   Miss,  to, 

23-4.  Morris.  J.  1824-8.     The  secession  divided  this  church.     Merged  into 

Lodi,  1828,  which  see. 

Ovid,  Secession,  1822.     Brokaw,  A.  1822?     McNeil,  1838-68.     Dailey  Hist. 

of  Montgomery  Classis,   130. 
Owasco,   Cayuga   Co.,    N.Y.,    1796.      Sometime   at   first   known   as   Aurelius 
Brokaw.  Ab.  1796-1808.  Brinkerhofif.  G.  G.  1809-12.  Ten  Eyck.  C.  1812- 
30.   Hammond,   J.   31-9,   Evans.   Wm.   39-46,   Dutcher,   46-50,    Raymond, 
51-3.  Ingalls.  53-64,  Peeke.  A.  P.  65-72,  Peeke.  G.  H.  72-5,  Myers.  A. 
E.   76-8,    Barr,   80-3,   Vaughan,   J.   84-9,   Van   Allen,   90-2,    Rodgers,   J. 
A.  (S.S.)  93-1903.  Ivey.  R.  1903-1905,  Sargent,  C.  J.  (S.S.)   1905-1910, 
Seibert,   G.   G.    1912-1916,   supplied   1916-18,   by   Auburn   student,    Ratz, 
A.  W.,  DeMeester,  P.  1919-21. 
Col.  J.   L.   Hardenbergh,   Lieut,  of   2d   Reg.,   N.Y..    1777-83.  accompanied 
Gen.    Sullivan    against    the    Iroquois    in    1779.      He    surveyed    the    military 
tract  for  bounty  lands  in  Central  N.Y.,  in  1789.  and  settled  on  Lot  47,  (now 
Auburn,   N.Y.),  in   1793.     In   1703.  ten   families  migrated   from  Conowago, 
near  Gettysburgh,  Pa.,  and  settled  in  1795  on  the  east  side  of  Owasco  Lake. 
On  Sept.  23,  1796.  these  organized  a  R.D.C.     From  "Rev.  Dr.  Hawley's  Hist. 
Disc,  at  Auburn,"   1869.     See  also  church  "Conowago"  in  this  work;    and 
"Rodger's  Story  of  a  Century."  or  "Brief  Hist,  of  Refd.  Ch.  of  Owasco," 
1896;   also  "The  Family  of  Joris  Dircksen  Brinckerhoff,"  1887,  for  an  inter- 
esting account  of  the  beginnings  of  Owasco  Church. 
Oivasco.  Secession.  1823.     McNeil.  1824-8.  Johnson.  Wm.  18.38-1865. 
Owasco  Outlet,    (Sand  Beach),  Auburn,   Fleming,  Cayuga  Co.,  N.Y.,   1812. 
Ten  Eyck.  C.  1812-26.  Westfall.  27-8.  Dunlap.  Miss.  to.  28-9.  Heermance, 
Henry,  March-Nov.,  29,  Tarbell,  30-2.  Rogers,  L.  33-4,  Kirkwood.  36-9, 
Moule.  39-41.   Knight,   R.  W.  41-4,  Winfiield,  44-50,   Brown,   S.   R.   51- 
9,  Garretson,  J.  61-4,  Schenck.  J.  V.  N.  65-7.  Brown,  S.  R.   (S.S.)   67- 
9,  Huntington,  70-71.  Rice,  W.  A.    (S.S.)   71-2,  Dean,  73-5,  McKinley, 
G.  A.   (S.S.)   76-7,  Lawrence,   (S.S.)   77-8.  Anderson,  Chs.  78-84,  Dex- 
ter, R.  R.  H.    (Presb.)   84-7.  Leland.  H.  88-9.  Maar.   (S.S.)   90-92.  P. 
92-3,  Force.  F.  A.  95-8.  Florence.  E.  W.  99-1901,  Van  Allen,  I.   (S.S.) 

1902 .     See  Dailey  Hist.   Montgomery  Classis,  77-83.     Dean's  Hist. 

Disc.  N.Y.  Evang..  July  22.  1875.  Maar,  Hist.  Disc,  1893. 
Oyster  Bay,  (Wolver  Hollow,  Brookville),  Glen  Head.  Nassau  Co..  N.Y., 
1732.  (Van  Basten,  1739-40).  Goetschius.  J.  H.  1741-8,  Romeyn,  T. 
1754-60.  Boelen.  1766-80.  Froeligh,  S.  1775-6,  Van  Nest,  R.  1785-97, 
Kuypers.  Z.  H.  1794-1824,  Bogart,  D.  S.  13-26,  Heermance,  Henry, 
26-7.  Otterson,  27-34,  Quinn,  35-41,  Gregory,  T.  B.  41-4,  Oakcy.  44-7, 
Smith.  N.  E.  47-53,  McNair.  53-5.  De  Baun,  55-8,  Lowe,  J.  C.  59-63, 
Searle.  J.  63-6.  Smock,  66-71,  Swick.  71-7,  Davis,  J.  A.  78-83,  Smock, 
83-96.  Scudder,  W.  T.  97-9.  Watermuelder.  1900-1,  Ward,  W.  D.  1902- 

1908,  Macmillan.  J.  L.  1909-1911.  Jackson,  Wm.  H.  191 1 .     See  Stout- 

enbergh's  Hist.,  1902. 


THE    CHURCHES  69I 

Paghkatghkan,  1800,  see  Coshington  and  Middletown,  Delaware  Co.,  N.Y. 

Fame's  Point  and  White  Rock,  Ogle  Co.,  ill.,   1870.     See  Ebenezer,  111. 

Paiston  Kill.   1793.     See  "Mints.  G.  S."  i.  256. 

Palatine,  see  St.  Johnsville,  1825.  Van  Olinda,  1825-30,  Van  Cleef,  C. 
(colleague),  1826.  Disbanded  1832.  Sec  Dailey  Hist.  Mont.  CI.,  125. 
Doc.   Hist.  i.  341,  iii.  674,  683,  686. 

Palco,  Kas.,  see  Asbury,  Kans.,  1 907-1912. 

Palisades,  Fort  Lee  or  Coytesville,  Bergen  Co.,  N.J.,  1866.  Vermilye,  D., 
Miss,  to,  66-8,  See,  I.  M.,  Miss,  to,  68-72,  Davis,  J.  A.  72-3,  Mattice. 
H.  73-8,  Bogardus,  79-88,  Buckelew,  88-91,  Dean,  93-1900,  Ferwerda, 
1900-1905,  Hamner,  J.  G.  1905-1907,  Kelder,  E.  1908 

Palmaner,  1859,  see  India. 

Palmyra,  Wayne  Co.,  N.Y.,  1887.  Baas,  83-91,  Lubeck,  92-8,  Flikkema, 
1898-1902,  Meulendyke,  J.  1902-1912,  Flikkema,  G.  1912-1918,  Stegenga, 
M.  1918-1919,  Tellman,  H.  E.  1920 

Palsville,  1896,  see  Alexander,  la. 

Palsville,  see  Emmanuel,  la. 

Pandeteripo,  see  India. 

Panna,  1710,  see  Ponds,  N.J. 

Paramus,  Ridgewood,  Bergen  Co.,  1725.  Erickzon,  1725-8,  Mancius,  1730-1, 
supplied  by  Curtenius  and  Van  Driessen,  J.  1731-8,  Vanderlinde,  1748-89, 
Kuypers.  G.  A.,  1788-9,  Blauvelt,  I.  1790-1,  Kuypers,  W.  P.  1793-6, 
Eltinge,  W.  1799-1850,  Winfield,  51-6,  Corwin,  E.  T.  57-63,  De  Mund, 
64-70,  Talmage,  G.  1871-9,  Vandeventer,  79-86,  Vroom,  1887-1906,  Cook, 
H.  D.  1907 .  See  "Winfield's  Sketch  of,"  1851,  and  "Corwin's  Man- 
ual and  Record  of,"  1858.    2d  ed.  enlarged,  1859. 

Paramus,  Secession.  1823.  Brinkcrhoof ,  J.  G.  28-45,  ^"«  Hoiiten,  58-61, 
De  Baun.  J.  Y.  65-75,  Westervclt,  88-92,  Isennan,  88-98. 

Park  Church,  1852,  .see  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Parkersburg,  Fern,  Butler  Co.,  Iowa,  1874.     De  Beer,  74-80,  Weiland,  80-3, 

Veenker,  84-92,  Schafer,  D.  1893-1908,  Siemsen,  D.  1908 

See  North  Siblev.  Stout. 

Park  Hill,   1892,  see  Yonkers,  N.Y. 

Park  Ridge,  1814.  see  Pascack,  N.Y. 

Pasaick,  N.Y.,  179..     See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn."  i.  315. 

Pascack,  Park  Ridge,  Bergen  Co.,  N.J.,  1814.  Goetschius,  S.  14-35,  Man- 
ley,  34-53.  Demarest,  J.  T.  54-67,  Bartholf,  B.  A.  68-73,  Lodewick, 
1875-1903,  Seibert,  F.  A.  1904 

Passaic,  Passaic  Co.,  N.J.,  churches  in  : 

1.  Aquackanonck,  1693.     Bertholf,  G.   1694- 1724,  Du  Bois,  Gid.   1724-6, 

Coens,  1726-35,  Van  Driessen,  J.  1735-48,  Marinus,  1752-73, 
Schoonmaker,  H.  1774-1816.  Froeligh,  P.  D.  16-25,  Taylor,  B.  C. 
25-8,  Paulison,  29-31,  Bogardus,  W.  R.  31-56,  Strong,  J.  P.  56-69, 
Gaston,     69-95,      Spaulding,     A.      (assistant),     93-5,     Vennema, 

A.   1895-1911,  Dawson,  Edward  1912 .     See  "Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y." 

and  "M.S.  Hist.  Ser.  by  Gaston";  also  "Hist.  CI.  of  Paramus," 
190.. 

2.  Aquackanonck,    Secession,    1825.      Froeligh,    P.    D.    25-8,    Bcrdan, 

30-89.  Vandcr  Beck.  89-92,  Van  Houten,  A.  92-5,  Van  Houten:  f. 
F.  1894 

3.  Passaic   2d,    (North),    1868.      Strong,    J.    P.    69-72,    Kellogg,    72-9, 

Anderson,   A.   80^6,   Whitehead,    J.    H.    1886-1905,    Brown,    w! 
D.  1905-1920,  Bloom,  W.  S.  1921 

4.  Passaic,   (Hoi.),   1873.     Rederus.  F.  74-6.  Hazenberg,  77-9,  Worm- 

ser,  W.  82-4.  Warnshuis,  J.  W.  86-7,  Jacobs,  C.  W.  89-91,  Jacobs, 
W.  M.  C.  93-5.  Flipse,  1896-1909.  Boer.  N.  1909-1915.  Van  Duine, 
A.  M.  1916 


692  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

5.     Fourth.      Received    from    Christian    Reformed    Church,    1912-1915. 
Vanden  Heuvel,  A.  J.  1912-1914. 
Passaic,  see  Guttenberg. 

Paterson,  Passaic  Co.,  N.J.,  churches  in : 

1.  Totowa   1st,   1755.     (On  Water  st.  until   1827;    Main  st.,   1827-71; 

since  1871  on  Division  st.).  Marinus,  1756-67,  (Biauw,  Confer- 
entie,  1767-72),  Meyer,  H.  1772-91,  Schoonmaker,  H.  1799-1816, 
Eltinge,  W.  16-33,  Vandervoort,  34-7,  Wiggins,  37-56,  Peltz,  57- 
60,  McKelvey,  A.  60-5,  Steele,  J.  65-77,  Raymond,  A.  W.  78-81, 
Banner,  81-91,  Vernol,  1891-1920,  P.E.   1920 

2.  Totowa  2d,    (Water  St.),   1827.     Field,  J.  T.  28-32,  Cole.  I.  32-3, 

Liddell,  34-8,  Duryea,  John  H.  38-95,  Milliken,  P.  H.  82-8,  Welles, 
T.  W.  1889-1908,  P.  E.  1908 ,  Maines,  W.  S.  1908-1914,  Lons- 
dale, W.  J.  1915-1920,  Sluyter,  Henry  1920 

3.  Secession,  Independent,  {Water  St.),  1828.     Amerman,  1843-55. 

4.  Holland  ist,  Clinton  St.,  1856.     De  Rooy,   (S.S.)  56-8,  Huyssoon, 

(S.S.)  59-64,  when  the  church  was  reorganized.  Huyssoon,  64-5, 
Bahler,  P.  B.  66-8,  Huyssoon,  68-92,  Betten,  D.  L.  94-97,  Dekker, 
F.  G.  1897-1910,  Pool,  Wm.  1911-1914,  Tanis,  H.  1914-1916,  Sie- 
gers, P.  1917-1918,  Bourma,  H.  1919 

5-     (Hollandish  Secession,  cor.  Bridge  and  River  Sts.),  1858.    DeRooy, 
58-63,  Bechtold,  64-6. 
.    6.     Broadway,  1864.    Halloway,  W.  W.  65-71,  Clark,  W.  H.  72-81,  Van 
Arsdale,  N.  }l.  81-95,  Thompson,  E.  W.  1896-1904,  Payson,  G.  H. 
1905-19C8,  Martin,  J.  M.  1908-1915,  Blocker,  S.  1915—^- 

7.  Main  St.    {Hoi  2d),  1866.     Bechtold,   1866-7,  Kasse,  1868-74;    dis- 

banded 1875. 

8.  Sixth,    {Hoi.)    Godwin,   St.,    1867.     Rutte,    1867-..,   Houbolt,   7^-7, 

Koopman,  H.  R.  1879-84,  Van  Het  Loo,  1888-1905,  Van  Lummel, 
A.  J.   1906-1917,  Schurrman,  H.   P.   1917 

9.  Union  Reformed,  {Hal.)  Market  St.,  now  Auburn  St.,  1879.    Hou- 

bolt, 79,  Nies,  H.  E.  1879-1910,  Heines,  E.  1910-1914,  Karreman, 
A.  1914-1918;  Luxen,  John  1919 

10.  Riverside,    River    st,    1887.      King,    A.    A.    87-91,    Church,    J.    B. 

1892-1921,   Dykema,  A.   C.   1921 

11.  People's  Park,  1892.     Smit,  John,   1893-1911,  Lumkes,  J.  M.   191 1- 

1916,  Hager,  T.  191 6 

12.  North    Patterson,    1894.      Conover,    G.    M.    95-7,    Johnston,    Wm. 

98-1900,  Mead,  E.  (S.S.)  1901,  Martin,  J.  M.  1902-1905,  Van 
Hee,  L  S.  1905-1906,  Herge,  Chas.  1907-1912,  Maass,  H.  W.  1913- 
1914.  DuBois,  A.  A.  1914-1915,  Van  Arsdale,  E.  B.  1916 

13.  Covenant,    1915.     Caton,   J.   C.    1916-1920,   Wilson,   F.    S.    1920 . 

Assistant,  Shields,  F.  K.  1918-1919. 
See  Paterson,  See  Preakness. 

Pattersonville,  1799,  see  Rotterdam  ist,  in  Schenectady,  N.Y. 
Pawagtenog,  apparently  the  same  as  New  Paltz  2d.     In  1778,  Rynier  Van 

Nest  was  minister  there  in  connection  with   Shawangunk.     "Mins.  of 

old  Classis  of  Kingston." 
Peapack,  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,  1848.    Anderson,  W.  49-56,  Thompson,  H.  P. 

57-73.  Anderson,   C.  T.  74-82,   Scarlett,  G.  W.  83-8,   Davis,  G.  88-93, 

Hasbrouck,  H.  C.  94-1900,  Johnston,  Wm.  1901-1903,  Simanton,  T.  M. 

1903-1914,   Baeder,  F.   N.   191 5-1920,   Prochnau,  Julius   1920 .     See 

"Thompson's  Hist.  Peapack  Ch." 
Peekskill,  Westchester  Co.,  N.Y.,  1799.     At  first  Congregational.     In  1834 

merged   in   the  church   of   Courtlandtown.      Manley,   W.    1800-6.     See 

Courtlandtown. 
Peekskill,  Westchester  Co.,  N.Y.,  1850.     (Van  Nest  Church.)     Buck,  51- 

70,  Searle,  Jer.  71-3,  Thompson,  J.  B.  73-4,  Kip,  I.  L.  75-9,  Quick,  A.  M. 


THE    CHURCHES  693 

82-4,  De  Vries,  H.  1884-1915,  Mulder,  J.  1916-1920,  Jonker,  Philip 
1920 

Peekskill,  N.Y.,  Hungarian,  1911.  DeVries,  H.  (Supt.)  1911,  Krisik,  A.  A. 
1912-1914,  Pompl,  R.  H.  1914-1916,  Hamory,  L.  S.  H.  1918 

Peenpack,  (near  Port  Jervis,)  1761.  Jacob  Caudebeck,  of  Caudebeck, 
France,  obtained  a  grant  of  12,000  acres,  called  Peenpack.  See  Cudde- 
backville,  N.Y.  Huguenots  and  Hollanders  from  Ulster  Co.  N.Y.  set- 
tled here  about  1730.     See  "Mills'  Hist.  Disc."  1874,  p.  4. 

Pekin,  Tazewell  Co.,  111.,  1843.  Williamson,  43-8,  Westfall,  49-56,  Lloyd, 
57-60,  Williamson,  N.  D.  (S.S.)  61-2,  Gulick,  U.  D.  62-70,  Thompson, 
Ab.  (S.S.)  71-2,  Livingston,  E.  P.  (S.S.)  73-8,  pastor,  78-83,  Gamble, 
85-go,  Beattie,  J.  A.  90-1,  Gorby,  92-3,  Rust,  94-5,  Sonnema,  97-1900, 
Bruins,  H.  M.  1901-1904,  Brooks,  J.  W.  (S.S.)  1904-1905,  Van  Hee,  L 
1908-1914.    Transferred  to  Presbytery  of  Peoria,  1914. 

Pekins  2d,  Schulke,  76-80,  Terborg,  83-9,  Schulke,  1891-1903,  De  Beer,  J. 
1903-1910,  Bosch,  F.  C.  S.  1911-1913,  Schulke,  1914-1915,  Kroesche, 
A.  C.  1915-1917,  Denekas,  W.  1919 — — - 

Pella,  Marion  Co.,  la. ;  churches  in  : 

1.  Pella  ist,  1856.    Oggel,  P.  60-3,  Winter,  66-83,  Moerdyk,  Wm.  86-9, 

DePree,  P.  91-6,  Veldman,  98-1901,  Van  Westenburg,  J.,  1902- 
1905,  Van  Der  Werf,  S.  1905-1913,  Wesselink,  J.  1913 

2.  Pella  2d,  1863.    Thompson,  M.,  Miss,  to,  62-8,  1868-71,  (S.S.)  1872-4, 

Schermerhorn,  H.  R.  75-9,  Huyser,  G.  83-5,  Wyckoff,  A.  N.  85-6, 
Sharply,  87-92,  Ossewaarde,  James  1895-1899,  Dykstra,  L.  1898- 
1901,  Vankersen,  W.  J.  1902-1910,  Brinkman,  B.  F.  1910-1917, 
Bruins,  H.  M.  1917 

3.  Pella  3d,  1869.    Lansing,  A.  G.,  Miss,  at,  68-70,  Weiland,  70-6,  Zubli, 

(S.S.)  76,  Rederus,  F.  76-86,  Smit,  Jan.,  87-92,  Douwstra,  H. 
1893-1901,  Pietenpol,  H.  J.  1902-1908,  Bouma,  P.  A.  J.  1908-191 1, 
Beckering,  Wm.  1911-1915,  Braak,  P.  1916-20,  Hankamp,  G. 
1921 

4.  Pella  4th,  1869.     Vanderkley,  71-3,  Stobbelaer,  73-9,  independent. 

5.  Pella  4th,    1894.     Root,  97-9,  Ziegler.   A.   G.    (S.S.)    1900-4,   Dyk- 

huizcn,  H.  1904-1907,  Ossewaarde,  M.  1908-1909.    Church  dropped 
1910. 
Pella,  Adams,  Lancaster  Co.,  Neb.,  1884.     Westing,  E.,  Dragt,  94-6,  Stege- 

man,   W.   96-9,   Vandermeulen,   J.    1900-1901,   Dejong,    Jac.    1902-1908, 

Wiersma,    F.    M.    1908-191 1,    Schut,    H.    1912-1915,    Rottchaefer,    W, 

191 5 

Pella,  see  Bethel. 

Pennsylvania  Lane,  Mason  Co.,  111.,  1901.     Gulick,  J.  I.   1901-1903,  Drake, 

E.  A.  1903-1907,  Clowe,  C.  W.  1908-1909,  Mytton,  L.  V.  C.  190Q-1911, 

Vanden  Bosch,  T.  G.  1915-1917. 
People's  Park,  see  Paterson,  N.J. 
Peoria,  Peoria  Co.,  III.,   1872.     MuUer,  72-93,  Smidt,  H.  T.  93-5,  Zindler, 

96-1901,  Schnuecker,  G.  1902-1907,  Reeverts,  A.  J.  1907-1920,  Wubbena, 

A.  1920 

Perkins,  1888,  see  Immanuel,  S.D. 

Persipanny,  or  Boonton,  now  Montville. 

Perth,  Fulton  Co.,  N.Y.,  1827.     See  Dailey  Hist,  of  Montgomery  Classis, 

126. 

Perth  Amboy,  N.J.,  1907.     (St.  Paul's).     Ganss,  J.  J.  1910 

Peters  Valley,  see  Walpack,  Upper. 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  churches  in  : 

I.  [Philadelphia,  (Ger.),  1726.  Weiss,  1726-9,  Boehm,  J.  1729-47, 
Schlatter,  1746-55,  (Rubel,  1751-5),  Kails,  1756-7,  Steiner,  1757- 
62,  Rothenbergler,  1763-5,  Weyberg,  1763-90,  Winckhaus,  1790-3, 
Hendel,  1794-8,  Helflfenstein,  S,  1800-31,  Sprole,  1832-7,  Berg,  J, 


694  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

F.    1837-52,    Reed,    S.    H.    ,    Bomberger,    ■,    Nevin,    E. 

H.  ].     See  "Van  Horn's  Hist,  of,"  1876;    "Berg's  Hist,  of." 

2.  Philadelphia  ist,   (Evang.  Ref . ;    first  in  Crown  St.,  afterward  cor. 

Spring  Garden  and  Seventh,  15th  and  Dauplin  St.),  1S13.  See 
"Mints.  CI.  N.B.,"  Vol.  ii.  p.  51,  Ap.  21,  1813.  This  church  con- 
sisted of  the  English-speaking  portion  of  the  old  Ger.  Ref.  They 
first  separated  in  1806,  and  united  with  the  R.D.C.  in  1813.  (East- 
burn,  Jos.  1806-8,  Burch,  Jas.  K.  (S.S.)  1809-13),  Brodhead, 
13-26,  Livingston,  G.  R.  26-34,  Bethune,  34-6,  Hardenbergh,  J. 
B.  36-40,  Van  Arsdale.  C.  C.  41-9,  Willetts,  A.  A.  49-60,  Suy- 
dam,  63-9,  Orr,  Thos.  69-83,  Taylor,  W.  R.  84-8,  Milliken,  P. 
H.   1888-1909,  Murphy,  J.  H.   1909-1911,   Hicks,  J.   D.   1912-1917, 

Freer,   H.   A.   1918 .     See  "Evang.  Quarterly,"   ii.   151.     Also 

ii.  229,  320;  iii.  230,  for  judicial  decision  concerning  the  prop- 
erty.    Full  text  also  in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Feb.  14,  1861. 

3.  Philadelphia  2d,   (Eighth  St.),  1817,  Hofif,   1818-24,  Sears,   1825-33, 

Babbit,    1834-5,    Gosman,    1835-6.      (See    No.   8). 

4.  Philadelphia    2d,    (in    Ranstead    Court),    1818.      Now    the    Seventh 

Presbyterian.  In  1817  the  old  Ger.  element  was  driven  out  of  the 
original  Ger.  Ch.  and  they  organized  a  new  Ger.  Ch.  (the  2d),  in 
John  St.,  and  the  original  Ger.  Ch.  became  English. — "Berg's  ser- 
mon," p.  21,  22.     Parker,  D.  1818-20. 

5.  Philadelphia,  .(Manayunk),   now   known   as   the   4th,    1827.     Pechin 

St.  Van  Cleef,  C,  Miss,  to,  26-8,  Robertson,  Miss,  to,  28,  Kirk- 
wood,  Miss,  to,  28-9,  Bumstead,  30-41,  Quinn,  42-7,  Little,  48-5C, 
Gates,  51-4,  Fulton,  55-March.,  65;  again,  Nov.,  65-9,  Talmage, 
P.  S.  69-74,  McDermond,  3  months,  75,  Cook,  W.  W.  76-81, 
Schenck,  C.  82-7,Welles,  T.  W.  87-9,  Knox,  T.  89-94,  Kain,  1895- 
1909,  Walter,  A.  J.  1910-1912,  Ward,  I.  1913-1916,  Putnam,   T.  H. 

S.    1916-1917,    Fry,    Frank    S.    1918 .      See    Schenck's    "Hist. 

Dis.,"  1885. 

6.  Philadelphia,   (Roxborough) ,   1836.     Bumstead,   1838-54,   (Presbyt). 

7.  Philadelphia  3d,    1837.      (Tenth  and   Filbert   St.).      Bethune,   37-49. 

Livingston,  H.  G.  49-54,  Taylor,  W.  J.  R.  54-62.  Wortman,  63-5, 
Schenck,  J.  W.  66-8,  Wadsworth.  Chas.  69-74.  Van  Nest,  A.  R. 
78-83,  Stephens,  G.  H.  (S.S.)  87,  name  of  ch.  dropped,  1889. 
The  legal  decision  concerning  the  church  property  may  be  seen 
in  "Ch.  Int.,"  Nov.  16,  30,  1876.  See  also  Wadsworth,  Chs.  in 
this  work. 

8.  Philadelphia   2d,    1852    (Seventh    St.).      This   was   a   reorganization 

of  the  Eighth  St.  Church,  under  the  lead  of  Dr.  J.  F.  Berg.  Berg, 
J.  F.  52-61,  Talmage,  T.  D.  W.  62-9,  Hartley,  70-71,  Masden,  71-9, 
Rubinkam,  80-5,  Clark,  W.  H.  86-91,  Tracy,  91-5,  Greene,  E.  W. 
97-8.  Williamson,  W.  H.  1899-190=;,  Rearick.  W.  R.  1908-1909, 
Ritchie,  F.  C.  (S.S.)  1913.  McKinty,  T.  W.  (S.S.)  1916-1918. 
Disbanded   1918. 

9.  Philadelphia  4th,  1862.     Gramm,  1862-7. 

10.  Philadelphia,    (Bethune  Ch),   1868.     Talmage,  P.   S.   1868. 

11.  Philadelphia  5th,  (Kensington),  East  Susquehanna  Av.,  1868.   Meer- 

wein,  1868-9,  Stoll,  74-9,  Suckow,  1879 

12.  Philadelphia,   Bethlehem   Mission.      Stryker,    P.    S.,   Miss,   at,    1869. 

13.  Talmage   Memorial,    Lyceum   Av.,    Roxboro,    1891.      Thompson,    E. 

W.  92-4,  Skillman,  94-6,  Willoughby,  1896-1903,  Schmitz,  Wm. 
1904-1907,  Giebel,  W.  H.  1908-1909,  Rearick,  W.  R.   1909-1922. 

14.  South,  Lingo  St.,  1895.     Duckworth,  96,  Wyckoff,  C.  S.  97-8,  Kip, 

I.  L.  98-1900,  Skillman,  1901-1903,  Simpson,  W.  E.  (S.S.)  1903. 
Pastor,  1904-1906.     Dropped  1908. 

15.  Bethany,  Roxboro,  1901.     Medd,  T.  H.  1904-1905.     Disbanded  1910. 

See  "Rev.  Dr.  W.  J.  R.  Taylor's  Hist,  of  R.D.  Churches  in  Phil- 
adelphia."   Also  "Suydam's  Hist.  Sermon." 


THE    CHURCHES  695 

Philadelphia,  1884,  see  Luctor,  Kansas. 

Philipsburgh,  now  Tarrytown,  N.Y. 

Phihnont,  Columbia  Co.,  N.Y.,  1892.  Van  Vranken,  F.  V.  1892-1903,  Flor- 
ence, F.  VV.  1904-1906,  Van  Dyck,  A.  S.  1906-1914,  Mann,  A.  I.  1915- 
1918,  Andreae,  M.  C.  T.   1918 

Piermont,  Rockland  Co.  (Sparkill),  N.Y.,  1838.  Crispell,  42-7,  Lord,  D. 
47-50,  Berry,  J.  R.  50-1,  West,  52-5,  Jevvett,  57-9,  Decker,  60-5,  Todd, 
A.  65-71,  Stitt,  W.  C.  72-87,  Verbrycke,  J.  R.  87-93.  Ralston,  94-1900, 
Hasbrouck,  H.  C.  1900-1904,  Hoover,  D.  S.  i90S-Feb.-Dec.,  Morris, 
J.  N.  1907-1915,  Muyskens,  J.  Jr.  1915-1918,  Simpson,  W.  E.  1918-22. 

Piermont  2d,  1851.     Van  Doren,  W.  H.  1852-4.     Disbanded. 

Piffardinia,   Livingston   Co.,   N.Y.,   1847.     Compton,   1850-1. 

Pine  Bush,  1814,  see  New  Prospect,  N.Y. 

Pipestone,   Minn.,   see   Churchville. 

Pittsford,  Hillsdale  Co.,  Mich.,  1863.     Vermilye,  D.   1863-6. 

Pittstown,   Rensselaer  Co.,  N.Y.,   1799.     Froeligh,  P.  D.   1802-07. 

Plainfield,  (Ger.),  1858.  Neef,  (S.S.)  58-60,  pastor,  60-4,  Wolff,  65-6, 
Schweitzer,  "ji,  Schlieder,  F.  80-6,  Koechli,  87-93,  Hauser,  94-1901,  Jus- 
tin, J.  (S.S.)  1902-1904,  Schneegas,  C.  H.  (S.S.)  1905-1912,  Hauser, 
G.  1913-21. 

Plainfield,  Central,  Union  Co.,  N.J.,  1863.  Simonson,  1864-9,  Smith,  N.  E. 
1869-71,  when  the  church  was  tranf erred  to  the  Congregationalists. 

Plainfield,  Trinity,  1880.  Raymond,  A.  V.  V.  81-7,  Schenck,  C.  1887-1908, 
P.E.  1908-1919,  Broek,  J.  Y.  1908-22,  Assistant,  Lansdale,  J.  T.  1909-12. 

Plainfield,  see  Marconnier,  Oak  Tree,  N.J.,  1912. 

Plainfield,  see  Netherwood,  N.J.,   1910. 

Plainfield,   Mich.,   1913. 

Plainville,  Onondaga  Co.,  N.Y.,   1850.     See  Dailey  Hist.  Mont.  CI.,   137. 

Platte,  1885,  see  Charles  Mix,  S.D. 

Plattekill,  Cockburn,  Mt.  Marion,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1838.  (An  out-station 
of  Flatbush,  from  1804).  Overbagh,  34-8,  Brodhead,  37-41,  Schenck, 
M.  L.  40-53,  Chapman,  54-64,  Cole,  S.  T.  64-8,  Schenck,  M.  L.  69-73, 
See,  W.  G.  E.  73-84,  Cole,  S.  T.  84-91,  Roe,  S.  W.  1892-1903,  Clist,  C. 
L.  1904-1909,  Gulick,  G.  W.  1909-1914,  Seiple,  Wm.  H.  (S.S.)  1917, 
Dickens,  Wm.  H.  1917-21,  Kerr,  J.  H.  (S.S.)   1922 

Pleasant  Plains,  N.Y.,  1816.  Wynkoop,  P.  S.  1817-22;  in  1823  ch.  became 
Presbyt. 

Plymouth,  see  Greenbush,  Wis. 

Point  Rock,  1856,  see  West  Leyden,  N.Y. 

Polkton,  1834,  see  Coopersville,  Mich. 

Polkton,  1857,  see  Coopersville,  Mich. 

Pompton,  1736,  see  Pompton  Plains,  N.J. 

Pompton,  Riverdale,  Pompton  Lakes,  Passaic  Co.,  N.J.,  1815.  Field,  16-27, 
Shimeall,  28-29,  De  Mund,  30-9,  Doolittle,  H.  40-52,  Gaston,  52-62,  Jan- 
sen,  John,  63-83,  Kommers,  84-6,  Trimmer,  86-90,  Wilson,  F.  S.  1891- 
1902,  Dixon,  C.  M.   1903 .     See  "Jansen's  Semi-Centennial  of." 

Pompton  Lakes,  see  Pompton,  N.J. 

Pompton  Plains,  Morris  Co.,  N.J.,  1736.  There  was  preaching  here  as 
early  as  1713,  it  being  an  out-station  of  Ponds  church.  In  1760,  the 
Coetus  party  built  near  present  site.  In  1771  the  two  parties  were 
united.  (Bertholf,  G.  (S.S.)  1713-24,  Coens,  1725-30,  Van  Driessen,  J. 
1735-48.  Marinus,  1752-73,  (Blauw,  Confcrcutie,  1762-8,)  Meyer,  H. 
1772-91,  Ostrander,  S.  1793-1809,  Field,  13-15,  Neal,  17-28,  Messier, 
29-32,  Talmage,  J.  R.  33-6,  Schanck,  G.  C.  37-53,  Shepard,  53-8,  Harris, 
J.  F.  58-67,  Schenck,  J.  V.  N.  67-71,  Whitehead,  72-84,  Teller,  85-91, 
Allen,  C.  J.  92-6,  Hogan,  J.  S.  1897-1903,  Sigafoo,  O.  L.,  1904-1910, 
Foertner,  F.  E.  1910 .     See  "Schenck's  Hist.  Ser." 

Ponds,  (Panna,)  Oakland,  Bergen  Co.,  N.J.,  1710.  Bertholf,  G.  (S.S.) 
1710-24,  Coens,  1730-5,  Van  Driessen,  J.  (S.S.)    1735-48,  Vanderlinde, 


696  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

1748-88,  Leydt,  P.  1789-93,  De  Witt,  P.  1798- 1809,  Demarest,  John 
12-20,  Kuypers,  Z.  H.  25-42,  Thompson,  W.  J.  42-5,  Collins,  B.  V.  45- 
67,  Vandewater.  69-72,  Chambers,  T.  F.  72-6,  Wilson,  P.  Q.  (S.S.)  TJ- 
9,  King,  A.  A.  80-3,  Bogardus,  W.  E.  84-8,  Wilson,  F.  F.  88-90,  Nie- 
meyer,  90-3,  Palmer,  C.  L.  94-7,  Foster,  J.  W.  97-1900,  Cunningham, 
1901-1906,  Rogers,  R.  1907-1909,  Strong,  W.  V.  D.  1912-1918,  Boone, 
I.   (S.S.)    1921 .     See  Corwin  Hist.  Dis.,  1910. 

Pontianak.     See  India. 

Pooster-Kill,  Secession,  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.Y.,  1824.  Lansing,  J.  V.  S. 
24-6,  Bellenger,  29-77. 

Portage,  Mich.,  1903.  Lepeltak,  P.  1903-1904,  Boer,  H.  K.  1905-1909,  Men- 
ning,  S.  J.  1910-1915,  Gruys,  W.  S.  1916-1918,  Vander  Woude,  B.  T. 
1919 

Porter,  Midland  Co.,  Mich.,   1859.     Bailey,  59-63,  Beardsley,    (S.S.)   64-70. 

Port  Ewen,  North  Esopus,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1851.  Taylor,  W.  53-4, 
Meyers,  A.  H.  55-6,  Van  Dyck,  C.  L.  57-66,  Arcularius,  66-81,  Lippin- 
cott,  81-98,  Burton,  Wm.  99-1900,  Polhemus,  C.  H.  1901-1911,  Muyskens, 
J.   (Jr.)   1912-1915,  Sheffer,  H.  L.  1916-1917,  Appledoorn,  L.  1918 

Port  Jackson,  1850,  see  Amsterdam,  ist,  N.Y. 

Port  Jervis,  Deerpark,  (Mahackemack,)  Orange  Co.,  N.Y.,  1737.  Organ- 
ized and  supplied  by  Mancius,  1737-41  ;  Fryenmoet,  1741-56,  Romeyn, 
T.  1760-72,  Van  Bunschooten,  E.  1785-1797,  Demarest,  John,  1803-6, 
Eltinge,  C.  G.  17-43,  Van  Wyck,  G.  P.  44-52,  Slauson,  53-7,  Mills, 
S.  W.  58-71,  Rogers,  S.  J.  72-6,  Voorhees,  H.  M.  77-9,  Talmage,  G. 
79-87,   Taylor,   L.   L.   87-91,   Vennema,   A.   92-5,    McKenzie,    1896-1905, 

Conger,  Wm.  1905-1920,  Mertz,  J.  E.  1920 • 

See  "Translation  of  Records  of,"  by  Rev.  J.  B.  Ten  Eyck. 

Port  Jervis  2d,  West  End,  1897.  Harris,  D.  T.  96-9,  Forbes,  1900-1906,  Ap- 
pel,  J.  B.  1906-1909,  Campbell,  J.  B.  1909-1911,   Supplies,  1911-1913,   Boyn- 

ton,  A.  B.   1913-1917,   Smith,   Henry   1918-1919,   Emerick,   I.,   1920 . 

See  West  End,  Port  Jervis,  N.Y. 

Port  Jervis.     See  Minnisink. 

Port  Richmond,  1680,  see  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Richmond. 

Port  Washington,   (station.)     Smith,  N.  E.,  Miss,  to,  1845-7. 

Pottersdam,  1792,  see  Rockaway,  N.J. 

Pottersville,  Somerset  Co.,  N.T.,  1865.  Tones,  T.  W.  67-70,  Carroll,  V.  B. 
71-3.  Davis,  J.  A.  73-8,  Hoffman,  W.  H.  78-83,  Schmitz,  Wm.  84-6, 
Van  Neste,  G.  J.  88-92,  Prentice,  94-7,  McNair,  W.  1897-1904,  Baeder, 
F.  N.  1905-1907,  Erler,  J.  1907-1910,  Westveer,  A.  1911-1917,  Ottinger,  J. 
C.  1918 

Pottsville,  Pa.    (station,)    1830.     Dumont,  Miss,  to,   1829,  Talmage,  J.  R., 
Miss,  to,  1829-31. 

Poughkeepsie,  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y.,  1716.  Van  Driessen,  J.,  supplied  occa- 
sionally, 1727-35,  again,  1751,  Van  Schie,  1731-3,  Meinema,  1745-56, 
Van  Nist,  1758-61,  Schoonmaker,  H.  1763-74,  Rysdyck,  1765-72,  (See 
"M.G.S."  i.  31,  etc.)  Van  Voorhees,  S.  1773-6,  (Froeligh,  S.  1776-80, 
Livingston,  J.  H.  1781-3,  Gray,  A.  1790-4,  Brower,  1794-1808,  Cuyler, 
C.  C.  1808-33,  Van  Vranken,  S.  A.  34-7,  Mann,  38-57,  McEckron,  58-67, 
Van  Gieson,  1867-1906,  Case,  C.  P.  1907-1920,  Hill,  W.  B.  (S.S.)  1920, 
Jones,  J.  A.  1920 .  See  "Van  Giesen's  Hist.  First  Ch.  Pough- 
keepsie," 1893. 

Poughkeepsie  2d,  1847.  Yates,  J.  (S.S.)  49,  Whitehead,  50-2,  Hagaman, 
C.  S.  53-71,  Elmendorf,  J.  72-86,  Brown,  F.  A.  M.  87-9,  Hill,  W.  B. 
90-1902,  Ralston,  E.  S.  1903-1912.  Assistant,  Hunter,  D.  M.  1899-1902. 
United  with  the  First  Reformed  Church  of  Poughkeepsie,  1913. 

Poughkeepsie,   N.Y.,   Arlington,   1910.     Bird,   A.   C.   1910 

Poughkeepsie,  N.Y.,  Emmanuel,  1914.  Clapp,  E.  1914-1918,  Bird,  A.  C. 
(S.S.)   1919 — 

Poughkeepsie,  N.Y.,  Hungarian  Mission. 


THE    CHURCHES  697 

Prairie  City,  la.,  191 1.     Meengs,  P.  G.  1911-1917,  Flikkcma,  G.  1918 

Prairie  Home,  Okl.,  1907.     Hoffman,  J.  J.  1907 

Prairie  View,  Kan..  1907.  Vander  Ploeg,  H.  1907-1908,  Engelsman,  J. 
(S.S.)  1909,  Ossewaarde,  M.  1909-1912,  Mansen,  F.  B.  1913-20,  Vander 
Beek,  John,  1920 

Prairie  View,  Kan.     See  Luctor. 

Prairieville,  Barrv  Co.,  Mich.,  1842. 

Prattsville,  1798.  Organized  as  Schoharie  Kill,  1798  (Windham)  Labagh, 
P.  1798-1803,  Schermorhorn,  C.  D.  1803-1809,  Paige,  W.  1820-1828, 
Stimpson.  H.  B.  1829-1832.  Van  Dyke,  Hamilton  1833-1836,  Gregory, 
T.  B.  1836-1841,  Depuy,  1841-1846,  Wyckoff,  A.  V.  1846-1851,  Ham- 
mond, E.  S.  1852-1854,  Johns,  1855-1859,  Gilbert,  1861-1866,  Dusenberre, 
1866-1870,  Carr,  1870-1874,  Garretson,  James  1875-1877,  Sebring,  E.  M. 
1877-1879,  Wessells,  1887-1889,  Neale,  1895-1896,  Dixon,  C.  M.  1897- 
1903,  Dangremond,  A.  C.  V.  1903-1908,  Ruleffson,  E.  J.  1908-1912,  Van- 
derkam,  P.  1914-1915,  supplied   1919,  Hopkins,  J.  D.   1921 

Preakness,  Passaic  Co.,  N.J.,  1801.  (Supplied  by  DeWitt,  P.  Cornelison, 
J.,  Romeyn,  J.  V.  C,  Stryker.  P.,  Demarest,  John,  Demarest,  C.  T., 
Field,  J.  T.,  Van  Santvoord,  S.,  Neal,  etc.,  1708-1825,)  Kuypers,  Z.  H. 
25-42,  Woods,  John  (S.S.)  Dec.  42-June,  43,  Staats,  43-61,  Durand, 
62-8,  Cole,  S.  T.  68-72,  Zabriskie,  A.  A.  73-8,  Wyckoff,  B.  V.  D.  78- 
84,  Verbrycke,  J.  R.  84-7,  Beekman,  T.  A.  (S.S.)  87-9,  Labaw,  G.  W. 
1889 .     See  Labaw's  Centennial  Discourse  1902. 

Prentiss,  N.Y.     Address  of  Athens,  2d,  1904. 

Prebton,  see  Greenleafton,  Minn. 

Preston.   See  Wilhemina,  Md. 

Princes  Bay,  1900.     See  N.Y.C.,  borough  of  Richmond. 

Princetown,  Giffords,  Duanesburg,  Schenectady  Co.,  N.Y.,  1821.  Whiting, 
21-2,  Dewing,  Miss,  to,  22,  Van  Vechten,  S.,  Miss,  to,  22-23,  Blair,  Miss, 
to,  24,  Hardenbergh,  J.  B.  24-5,  Blair,  25-7,  Bogardus,  N.  (S.S.)  28? 
Lockwood.  L.  R.  33-4.  Ingalls,  (S.S.)  38-9,  Davies,  43-7,  Rosencrantz, 
J.  49-50,  Hall,  D.  B.  (S.S.)  56-63,  Ricketts,  (S.S.)  63-5,  Hall,  D.  B. 
'65-9,  Raymond,  H.  A.,  supplied,  71,  Rhinehardt,  73-86,  Wessells,  89-92, 
Johnston.  T.  C.  93-9,  Strohauer,  1900-2.  Lydecker,  G.  D.  1902-1907,  Still- 
well.  J.  L.  1908-1916,  supplied  1916. 

Prinsburg,  1894,  see  Roseland,  Minn. 

Prospect  Hill,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Pultneyville  Station,  N.Y.,  1824.     Morris,  J.  F. 

Pultneyville,  (East  Williamson),  Wayne  Co.,  N.Y.,  1851.  Morris,  J., 
Miss,  to,  24-5,  Kasse,  52-61,  Veenhuizen,  62-70,  Bahler,  P.  G.  M.  71-84, 
Veenhuizen,  (S.S.)  85-7,  Wayenberg,  88-90,  Van  Westenberg,  91-2, 
Van  Doom,   1893-1905,  Hogenboom,  S.  M.   1905-1908,  DeHollander,  J. 

1908-1910,  Tellman,  H.  E.    1911-1920,  Vander   Mel,  C.   1920 .     See 

•     Dailey  Hist,  of  Mont.  CI.,   137. 

Punganur,  1908,  see  India. 

Quassaick.  (Newburgh),  N.Y.,  1708.  Some  Reformed,  but  mostly  Luther- 
ans. Supplied  chiefly  by  the  Lutheran  ministers  between  New  York 
and  Albany. 

Queens  Co.,  L.L,  N.Y.  A  general  name  embracing  the  collegiate  charges 
of  Jamaica,  Oyster  Bay,  Success  and  Newtown,  and  sometimes  Graves- 
end.     "Doc.  Hist.  N.Y."  iii.  75,  118-296;  "Smith's  N.Y.,"  316. 

Queens.  N.Y.,  1858,  see  New  York  City,  Borough  of  Queens. 

Quincy,  Adams  Co.,  111.,  1858.     Conrad,  Miss,  to,  1858-9. 

Rabbit  River,  Allegan  Co.,  Mich.    Same  as  Zabriskie  and  Hamilton. 
Racine.  Racine  Co.,  Wis.,  1891.    Vetter,  G.  1892. 

Ramapo,  Mahwah,  Bergen  Co.,  N.J.,  1785.  Leydt,  P.  1789-93.  Brinkerhoff, 
G.  G.  1793-1807,  Demarest,  J.  D.  1808-24,  Wynkoop,  Jef,  25-36,  Allen, 


■698  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

P-  37-53,  Van  Doren,  W.  T.  53-7,  Demarest,  W.  58-70,  Magee,  71-5, 
Nasholds,  79-80,  Letson,  82-92,  King,  A.  A.  92-1900,  Van  den  Burg, 
1901-1904,  Maines,  W.  S.  1905-1908,  Dykema,  A.  C.  1909-1917,  Venne- 
ma,  A.   1918-1920,  Farrar,  J.  M.   1920-21,  Simpson,  W.  E.   1922 . 

Rnmapo,  Secession.  1824.     Demarest.  J.  D.  1824-58,  De  Baun,  J .  T.  1856-60. 

Ramsay,  Titonka,  German  Valley,  Kos.  Co.,  la.,  1886.  Schaefer,  D.  87-93, 
Huenemann,  Jac.  93-8,  Janssen,  1899-1905,  Haken,  G.   1907 

Ramsey's,  Bergen  Co.,  N.  J.,  1875.     Nasholds,  79-80,  Letson,  82-6. 

Randolph   Centre,   Cambria.     After    1915,   Friesland,   Columbia   Co.,   Wis., 

1893.  Engelsman.  1898-1905,  Vander  Werf,  A.  1906 

Randolph,  2nd,  Randolph,  Wis.,  1908.     Tanis,  H.  1908-1911,  Tietema,  J.  H. 

1911-1914,  Wolvius,  Wm.  1915-1918,  Vander  Meer,  M.  D.,  1918 

Ranipettai,   1853,  see  India. 

Ransonville,  N.Y.,  1815,  see  Fonda's  Bush. 

Raritan,  Somerville,  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,  1699.  Supplied  by  Bertholf,  G. 
occasionally,  1699-1720,  Frelinghuysen,  T.  J.  1720-48,  Frelinghuysen,  J. 
1750-4,  Hardenbergh,  J.  R.  1758-81,  Romeyn,  T.  F.  1784-5,  Duryea, 
John.  1786-99,  Vredenbergh,  1800-21,  Van  Kleek,  26-31,  Messier,  32-79, 

Searle,  J.   P.  81-93,  Cranmer,   1893-1918,   Sproul,  N.  J.,  1918 

Chartered  1753.  See  New  Brunswick.  See  also  "Dr.  Messler's  Me- 
morial Sermons  and  Hist.  Notes,"  1873. — Bi-centennial  Addresses,  1899. 
Ch.  Int.  June  9,  1897. 

Raritan,  Secessio)i.  1727.     Ricgcr.  1734-9,  Ar  and  ens.  1747-54. 

Raritan  2d,  Somerville,  1834.  Whitehead,  35-9,  Chambers,  T.  W.  40-9, 
Craven,  50-4,  Mesick,  55-82,  Read,  E.  A.  1882-1908,  Pfanstiehl,  A.  A. 
(S.S.)  1909-1913,  Vale,  R.  E.  1913-1917,  Sizoo,- J.  R.  1913 .  Assist- 
ant, Mulder,  J.  1920 .     Sketch  in  "Ch.  Int."  Dec.  10,  1863.     Read's 

Sermon  at  50th  Anniversary,   1884. 

Raritan  3d,  1848.  Stryker,  P.  48-51,  Cornell,  J.  A.  H.  51-6,  LeFevre,  57- 
75,  Pool,  75-88,  De  Hart,  1888-1911,  Hoffman,  J.  J.  1912-1914,  Lumley, 
J.  A.  1915 .     See  Ch.  Int.  May  25,  1898. 

Raritan  4th,  {Ger.).  1879.     Schlieder,  F.  (S.S.)  80-6,  Koechli,  (S.S.)   1886- 

1894,  pastor,  1894-1908,  Wahl,  H.  J.   1908-1918.  Dalhoff,  H.  E.  1918-22. 
Raritan,   (Honey  Creek),   Henderson  Co.,  111.,   1854.     Eltinge,  C.  D.  56-61, 

Bumstead,  61-75,  Adam,  (S.S.)  76-7,  Pfanstiehl,  79-83,  Van  Oosten- 
brugge,  84-7,  Dutton,  (S.S.)  87-8,  Sonnema,  89-91,  Wessels,  92-3, 
Chickering,  94-7,  Van  Kersen,  1897-1902,  Mansen,  F.  B.  1902-1905, 
Campbell,  J.  B.  1907-1908,  Steketee,  J.  B.  1909-1915,  Lawrence,  C.  M. 
(S.S.)    1915 .     See  Simonson's  25th  Anniversary  Address. 

Readington,  (formerly  called  North  Branch),  Hunterdon  Co.,  N.J.,  1719. 
On  the  North  Branch  till  1738,  when  removed  to  Readington.  Freling- 
huysen, T.  J.  1720-48,  Frelinghuysen,  J.  1750-4,  Hardenbergh,  1758-81, 
Lvdekker,  Conferentie.  supplied,  1767,  Van  Arsdale,  S.  1783-7,  Studdi- 
ford,   P.   1787-1826.  Van  Liew,  J.   1828-69,  Van   Slyke,  J.   G.    1869-70, 

Smock,  71-83,  Wyckoff,   B.   V.   D.   1884 .     Chartered  in   1753.     See 

New  Brunswick.  See  "Van  Liew's  Ser."  "Dr.  Messler's  Mem.  Ser- 
mons and  Hist.  Notes,"  1873,  and  "Wyckoff's  Hist.  Disc,"  1894. 

Reasnor,  la.,  see  Galesburgh. 

Red  Bank,  N.J.,  1902.  Beekman,  T.  A.  1902-1909,  Stout,  H.  (S.S.)  1909- 
1910,  Pleune,  P.  H.  (S.S.)  1910-1912,  Oggel,  M.  V.  (S.S.)  1912-1914, 
Leggett,   L.   G.    1914-1919,   Dykema,   J.    1919 

Redford,  Wayne  Co.,  Mich.,  1858.     Michael,  Dan.,  Miss,  to,  1836-47. 

Red  Hook.  Formed  by  German  Reformed  and  Lutheran  at  Pink's  Corner 
between  Red  Hook  and  Rhinebeck,  about  1716.  Supplied  by  neighbor- 
ing ministers,  especially  Haeger,  Weiss,  Mancius  and  Rubel,  of  Rhine- 
beck.     Became  Lutheran. 

Red  Hook  Landing,  (Old  Red  Church  or  Madalin,  near  Tivoli),  Dutchess 
Co.,  N.Y.,  1766.  Supplied  by  Fryenmoet,  1766- (9?),  by  Kuypers, 
W.   1769-71,  by  Romeyn,  D.  1773-5,  by  Van  Voorhees,  S.   1776-80,  by 


THE    CHURCHES  699 

De    Rondi-.    1780,   by    Livingston,    J.    H.    1780-3;     De    Witt.    P.    1788-9, 
Romcyn,   J.    1794-1806,    Kittle,    1807-15,    Rudy,    (S.S.)    25-35,    Hangen, 
38-4C.     Since  1840  only  occasional  services. 
The   "Rh.'nebcck    Records"   speak  of   baptisms   at    Roode   Hoeck   in    1751, 

by    Van    Hovonbcrgh.      R:v.    Fryenmoet    also    baptized    here    about    1751. 

Hollanders    from    Kingston   and    Albany    settled    here    about    1750.      Smith, 

in   his   history   of    Red    Hook,   says,   that   between    1783-1807,   the    following 

officiated,    more    or    less    frequently :     Fryenmoet,    Kuypers,    Rysdyck,    Van 

Vocrhces,    Livingston,    Laidlie,    Samuel    Smith  of    Saratoga,   Dirk   and   Jer. 

Romeyn,  Cock,  etc.     Sec  Rhinebeck,   (Ger.),  and  Upper  Red  Hook. 

Rehoboth,  Lucas,  Missaukee  Co.,  iMich.,  1890.  Classical  Missionary,  90-3, 
Vanden  Bosch,  T.  94-8,  missionary,  1898-1903,  Wiersma,  F.  M.  1903- 
1905.  Vander  Hcidc,  J.  1906-1911,  Webinga,  J.  1912-1917,  Gruys,  W.  S. 
1918-1920,  Stegeman,  J.  E.   1921 

Remsen's  Bush,  (Florida),  N.Y.,  1784?  Maier,  J.  1794.  Supplied  by  pas- 
tors of  Schenectady  and  Albany,  1794-1800.  Romeyn,  T.  1800-1836. 
United  with  the  Church  of  Florida,  1808,  which  see.  Dailey  Hist 
Montgomery  Classis,  2)7- 

Rem  Snyder's  Bush,  N.Y.,  1824.     Ketchum,  Miss,  to,  1823. 

Rensselaer,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  1848.  McCartney,  49-57,  Bevier,  60-3,  Ray- 
mond, 64-71,  Taylor,  G.  L  74-89,  when  this  church  reunited  with 
Boght,  N.Y. 

Rensselaer  ist,  1892.  Before  1902  called  Bath-on-Hudson,  N.Y.  Van 
Dorn,  J.  H.  (S.S.)  1892-1898,  Hopper,  A.  W.  1899-1903.  Furbeck,  H.  R. 
T903-1907,  Dangremond,  G.  C.  1908-1909,  iMany,  D.  J.  1910-1918,  Bul- 
ness,  J.  C.   (S.S.). 

Rensselaer,  see  Blooming  Grove.  N.Y. 

Rer.sselaerwyck,  now   Albany,   N.Y. 

Rex  fords,  Rexfordville,  same  as  Amity,  N.Y. 

Reynolds,  1707,  see  Schagticoke,  N.Y. 

Rhinebeck,  (Rein-beck)  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y.,  1715.  (German.)  Also  writ- 
ten Rhyn-Beck.  This  church  was  organized  at  Pink's  Corner,  mid- 
way between  the  present  Rhinebeck  and  Red  Hook.  It  held  its  prop- 
c -ty  until  1729  in  union  with  a  Luthern  congregation.  Shortly  after 
t8;o  the  Reformed  portion  of  this  congregation  located  at  Red  Hook. 
About  1837  it  shared  the  labors  of  a  nearby  Lutheran  pastor,  and 
nbout  1840  became  the  St.  Paul's  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  of 
Red  Hook.  Like  the  Camp  church  at  Germantown,  it  was  independent, 
though  bearing  the  name  "Reformed." 

Supplied,  more  or  less  frequently,  by  Haeger,  J.  F.  1715-21,  by  Man- 
cius,  1732-42,  by  Weiss,  1742-6,  by  Schnorr,  1746-8,  by  Mancius,  1748- 
55,  by  Rubel,  1755-9,  by  Mancius,  1759-62,  by  Cock,  1763-94,  (by  De 
Witt,  P.  1787-98?)  by  Schaefer,  J.  D.  1794-9,  by  Fox,  1802-23,  by 
Rudy.  1823-35,  by  Gates,  Cor.  1835-7,  by  (ioertner,  N.  W.  (pastor  of 
the  Old  Stone  Church,  Lutheran),  1837-40.  Now  Lutheran. — See 
"Smith's  Hist,  of  Rhinebeck."  This  church  seems  to  have  been  reor- 
ganized by  Weiss,   May  23,   1734. 

Rhinebeck,  (Rhinebeck  Flats,)  Dutchess  Co..  N.Y..  1731.  Supplied,  more 
or  less  frequently,  by  Vas,  1731-42,  by  Van  Schie,  1731-3,  by  Mancius, 
1732-42,  Weiss,  1742-6,  by  Mancius,  1746-50,  Van  Hovenbergh,  1750- 
63,  by  Cock,  Fryenmoet  and  Rysdyck,  1763-9,  Kuypers,  Warmoldus, 
1769-71,  Romeyn,  D.  1773-5,  Van  Voorhees,  1776-85,  De  Witt,  P. 
1787-97.  Romeyn,  J.  B.  1799-1803.  Brodhead,  1804-9,  McMurray,  1812- 
20,  Parker,  D.  20-7,  Labagh,  A.  L  (evangelist,)  26-7,  Bethune,  27-29, 
Hardenbergh,  J.  B.  30-6,  Lillie,  J.  37-41,  HofT,  42-51,  Stryker,  P.  51-6, 
Miller,  W.  A.  56-9,  Timlow,  59-66,  Talmage,  G.  67-71,  Peeke,  A.  P 
72-9.  Lott,  L.  W.  79-84,  Campbell,  J.  B.  85-7,  Berry,  J.  R.  87-91,  Suy- 
dam,  J.  H.  1891-1903,  Mallery,  C.  G.  1904-1914,  Huyler,  P.  E.  1914-1919, 
Blanchard,  F.  D.  1920.  See  "E.  M.  Smith's  Hist,  of  Rhinebeck,"  and 
"Dr.  J.  B.  Drury's  Hist.  Address  on  the  Refd.  Ch.  Rhinebeck,"  1881. 


700  THE   REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Richboro,   1864,  see  Addisville,  Pa. 

Richfield  Springs,  see  Columbia,   N.Y.,   1798. 

Richmond,  1717,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Richmond. 

Richmond,  1808,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Richmond. 

Ridgefield,  1770,  see  English  Neighborhood,  N.J. 

Ridgeway,  Lenawee  Co.,  Mich.,  1842.    De  Witt,  J.  42-4,  Minor,  45-8,  Taylor^ 

A.  B.  49-52,  Kershow,  53-5,  Beidler,  55-6.     See  South  Macon. 
Ridgewood,    Bergen    Co.,    N.J.,    1875.     Van    Neste,    J.   A.    1875-1918,    P.E. 

1918 .     Cliflford,  P.  H.  1918 .     Ch.  Int.,  June  6,  1900. 

Ridgewood,  N.J.  See  Paramus,  N.J.,  1725;  Spring  Valley,  N.J.,  1882; 
Glen  Rock,  N.J.,  1895;  Wortendyke,  Trinity,  1904;  Upper  Ridgewood 
Community,  N.J.,  1917. 

Ridgewood,  1893,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Queens. 

Rifton  Glen,  1831,  see  Dashville  Falls,  N.Y. 

Ringle,  Wis.,  1905,  see  Forestville   (Hatley). 

Riverdale,  N.J.,  see  Pompton,  N.J.,   1815. 

Riverside,   1885,  see  Paterson.  N.J. 

Rochelle  Park,  Bergen  Co.,  N.J.,  1900.  Hunter,  G.  M.  1901-1905.  Supplies, 
1905-1912,   Suit,   E.   C.    1912-1917,   Weidner,   D.   C.    1918 

Rochester,  Mombacus,  Accord.  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1701.  Supplied  by  minis- 
ters from  Kingston,  Catskill  and  Albany,  1677-1743,  Mancius,  1743-1749, 
Frelinghuysen,  Jac.  called  1753,  but  died,  Frelinghuysen,  H.  1756-7, 
Romeyn,  D.  1766-75,  supplied  by  Van  Nest,  R.  1776-7,  Hardenbergh, 
J.  R.  1781-5,  Van  Horn,  A.  1789-95,  Mandeville,  G.  1797-1801,  Wester- 
velt,  R.  R.  1802-8,  Murphy,  14-25,  Morse,  B.  V.,  Miss,  to,  28,  Westfall, 

B.  B.  28-37,  Mesick,  37-40,  Wyckoff,  C.  41-65,  Strong,  S.  W.  65-70, 
Hastings,  70-6,  Church,  77-92,  McNair,  J.  L.  92-1902,  Francisco,  W.  P. 
1902-1904,  Foertner,  F.  E.  1905-1910,  Wightman,  J.  C.  1911-1914,  Frost, 
H.  D.  1914-1918,  Mead,  P.  H.  1918-20,  Braam,  L.  M.  1921 .  Char- 
tered, 1766,  with  Wawarsing  and  Marbletown.  See  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y. 
"Doc.  Hist."  iii.  600.     Ch.  Int.,  Nov.  5,  1902. 

Rochester,  Monroe  Co.,  N.Y.,  1852.  Veenhuysen,  52-3,  Wust,  56-64,  Krie- 
kaard,  66-8,  Bahler,  P.  68-73,  De  Bruyn,  73-91,  Schilstra,  S.  A.  91- 
1901,  Dykstra.  L.  1901-1909,  Joldersma,  R.  H.  1909-1912,  DeKraker,  J. 
J.  1912-1916,  Hondelink,  G.  1918 

Rochester  2d,  1886.  Van  der  Hart,  E.  87-9,  Vennema,  A.  89-92,  Hopkins, 
T.  W.  (S.S.)  92-3,  Bates,  W.  H.  93-5,  StefTens,  C.  M.  95-8,  Lamar, 
J.  1898-1912,  Noble,  H.  W.  1913-1916,  Thurston,  J.  A.  1917-21. 

Rochester,  N.Y.,  see  Brighton,  N.Y.,  1892. 

Rockaway,   1740,   1813,  see  Lebanon,  N.J. 

Rockaway,  ( Potter stown),  in  Whitehouse,  Hunterdon  Co.,  N.J.,  1792.  Dur- 
yea,  J.  1799-1801,  Demarest,  C.  T.  1808-13,  Schultz,  16-34,  Williamson, 
P-  S.  35-9,  Otterson,  40-5,  Talmage,  G.  45-51,  Comfort,  52-4,  Lloyd, 
55-6,  Sturges,  57-63,  Van  Slyke,  65-7,  Bailey,  W.  68-84,  Conklin.  M.  T. 
84-90,  Miller,  B.  C.  90-5,  Lyman-Wheaton,  95-1900,  Jones,  H.  T.  190c- 
1916,  Van  Raalte,  A.  C.  1917-1919,  Van  Strien,  David,   1920-1922. 

Rock  Rapids,  la.,  1915.  Dekker,  F.  G.  (S.S.)  1915-1918,  Menning,  S.  J, 
1919 

Rock  Valley,  Sioux  Co.,  la.,  1891.  Huizenga,  J.  1891-1904.  Englesman,  J. 
1905-1908,  Dejongh,  J.  1908-1914,  Dejonge,  B.  1914-1917,  Colenbrander, 
H.  1917 

Rock  Valley,  see  Carmel,  la. 

Rocky  Hill,  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,  1857.  Schenck,  M.  S.  57-6s.  Gesner,  65- 
71,  Berg,  H.  C.  72-9,  Lawsing,  79-83,  Crane,  84-92,  Hogan,  O.  J.  93-8, 
Schmitz,  Wm.  1901-1904,  Conover,  G.  M.  1905-1909,  Donovan,  G.  H. 
1910-1918,  Corwin,  C.  E.   1918 

Roe,  W.  C.  Memorial,  Dulce,  N.M.  (Jicarilla  Mission,  1921).  Simms,  J. 
D.,  missionary,  1920. 

Rome,  same  as  Wurtsboro  or  Mamakating. 


THE    CHURCHES  7OI 

Root,  Tlow  Currytown. 

Roseland,  1879,  see  Chicago,  111. 

Roseland,  1890,  2d  Bethany,  see  Chicago,  111. 

Roseland,  Prinsberg  Svea,  Kandivabi  Co.,  Minn.,  1886.  Supplied,  86-94, 
Dangremond,  G.  (S.S.)  94-5,  Kriekaard,  C.  (S.S.)  96-8,  Dragt,  97-8,  De 
Groot,  D.  1899-1902,  Dragt,  J.  J.  1905-1910,  Brummel,  J.  1910-1916, 
Siegers,  P.  1917-21. 

Rosendale,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1843.  McFarland,  44-5,  Strong,  T.  C.  45-9, 
Eckel,  50-3,  Lente,  55-63,  Beardsley,  63,  Bevier,  64-7,  Liebenau,  (S.S.) 
67-70,  Pastor,  70-6,  Schenck,  I.  S.  77-9,  Westveer,  80-2,  Oliver,  84-90, 
Morris,  J.  N.  90-3,  Coombe,  54-9,  Van  Haagen,  1900-1902,  Kershaw, 
W.  H.  1902-1903.  Duck,  E.  M.  1903-1905,  Decker,  E.  W.  1906-1908, 
Beekman,  T.  A.  1909-1916. 

Rosendale  Plains,  Tillson,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1897.  Coombe,  97-9,  Van 
Haagen.  19CO-1902.  Shield,  F.  K.  1902-1904,  Grull,  J.  D.  1905-1907, 
Baeder,  F.  N.  1907-1910,  Berg,  H.  C.   1910-1914,  Millett,  J.  1914-1917. 

Rotterdam   ist,   1799,    (Woestyne),   Pattersonville,  see   Schenectady,   N.Y. 

Rotterdam  2d,  1823,  see  Schenectady,  N.Y. 

Rotterdam,  Dispatch,  Cawker  City,  Jewell  Co.,  Kansas,  1871.  Hoekje,  78-91, 
Van  der  Meulen,  Jac.  92-3,  Westing,  94-6,  Dragt,  1897-1905,  Wiersma, 
F.  M.  1906-1908,  Van  Heuvelen,  B.  1909-1911,  Hoffman,  John  191 1-20. 

Roxboro,  1836,  see  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Roxbury,  (Beaverdam),  Delaware  Co.,  N.Y.,  1802,  records  begin.  Sup- 
plied by  Goetschius,  S. ;  Overbagh ;  Benedict,  Abner ;  and  Paige,  W., 
De  Voe,  1802-25;  reorganization,  1825.  Boyd,  Josh.,  Miss,  to,  26-7, 
Paige,  W.  (S.S.)  2J-12,  Van  Dyke,  H.  33-4,  Bronson,  A.  35-6,  Knight, 
R.  W.  36-41,  Hillman,  43-5,  Evans.  C.  A.  49-50,  Turner,  50-62,  Rhine- 
hart,  62-73,  Hammond,  J.  W.  73-5,  Miller,  B.  C.  75-81,  Arcularius,  81-3, 
King,  J.  F.  83-6,  Schmitz,  Wm.  86-90,  Demarest,  N.  H.  1890-1912, 
Sinclair,  Wm.  1913-1918,  Van  Woert,  H.  S.  1919 .  At  the  re-organ- 
ization in  1825,  took  the  name  of  Roxbury.  In  1893,  incorporated  as 
"The  Jay  Gould  Memorial  Reformed  Church  of  Roxbury,  N.Y."  See 
Dailey  Hist.  Mont.  Classis,   in. 

'Sacondaga,  (CI.  Montgomery,)  1789.  "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  684.  Same  as  Day. 
N.Y.,  which  see. 

"Saddle  River,  Monsey,  Bergen  Co.,  N.Y.,  1784,  till  1789  one  consistory  with 
Paramus.  Vanderlinde,  1784-9,  Kuypers,  G.  A.  1788-9,  Blauvelt,  1790-I, 
Kuypers,  W.  P.  1793-6,  Eltinge,  W.  1799-1811,  Goetschius,  14-35, 
Manley,  J.  34-66,  Meyers,  A.  H.  66-72,  Bogardus,  W.  E.  72-84,  Todd, 
W.  N.  85-92,  Van  Kampen,  1893 . 

'Saga,  1895.     See  Japan. 

Sagertisses,  same  as  Saugerties,  N.Y.  * 

St.  Anne,  111.,  1893,  see  Koster,  Wichert. 

St.  Caik,  "M.G.S."  i.20.    An  error  for  Sinthoick. 

St.  Croix,  1744,  see  West  Indies. 

St.  Croix,  Rensselaer  Co..  N.Y.  In  town  of  Hoosick.  See  "Hist.  Rens- 
selaer Co."  375. 

St.  John,  1750?  see  West  Indies. 

St.  John's,  same  as  Upper  Red  Hook. 

St.  John's  German  Evangelical,  see  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

St.  John's,  see  Oppenheim. 

:St.  Johnsville,  (Palatine,)  Montgomery  Co.,  N.Y.,  1770.  (Ger.  Ref.) 
Dyslin,  1788-1812.  (R.D.C.  1829).  Wack,  J.  T.  (S.S.)  1812-1816,  De 
Voe.  16-30,  Meyers,  A.  H.  30-1,  Stryker,  H.  B.  33-4,  Murphy.  34-7, 
Meyers.  A.  H.  37-44.  Knieskern,  45-72,  Lodewick,  72-5,  Van  Nest,  G.  J. 
75-9,  Minor,  A.  D.  79-88.  Furbeck,  P.  88-92,  Kinney,  C.  W.  93-8,  Ho- 

gan,  O.  J.  1898-1909,  Perkins,  F.  1909-1917,  Ficken,  H.  C.  1918 

A  building  for  worship  was  built  at  this  place  as  early  as  1756. — See 
■"Doc.  Hist.  N.Y."  iii  674.    Dailey  Hist.  Montgomery  CI.  84. 


y02  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

St.  Nicholas,  see  Collegiate  Church,  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

St.   Paul's,  Jamaica,  see  N.Y.C..   Borough  of   Queen. 

St.  Paul's,  Mott  Haven,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  the  Bronx. 

St.  Paul's,   see  Perth  Amboy.   N.J. 

St.  Peter's,  German  Evangelical,  Kriescherville,  S.  I.,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough 

of  Richmond. 
St.  Remy,  Ulster  Co..  N.Y.,  1864.     Garretson,  J.   (S.S.)   65-6,  Todd.  \V.  N. 
74-81,    Compton,    J.    M.    84-8.    Bogardus,    F.    M.    88-90,    Millett.    Jos.. 
1890-1902,  Force,  F.  A.   1905-1909.  Zabriskie,  A.  A.    (S.S.)    1911-1913, 
Seeley,  F.  B.   (S.S.)    1915.     Supplied  19JC. 
St.  Thomas,  1660,  see  West  Indies. 
Salem,  1785,  see  New  Salem,  N.Y. 

Salem,  McCook,  Co.,  S.D.,  1884.     Cotton,  85-7,  vacant,  87-91.  Zwemer,  F.  J. 
91-2,  vacant,  92-6,  Barny,  W.  F.  1896-1900,  Christ.  J.  1902-1905.  Dropped 
1908. 
Salem,  see  Yankton,  S.D. 
Salem,   Little   Rock,   Lyon    Co.,   la..    1894.     Janssen,   R.    1895-1909.     Aeilts, 

E.   1910 

Salisbury,  Herkimer  Co.,  N.Y.,   1822.     Ketchum,   1822-3.     De  Voe,    (S.S.)' 
1824.      Became   Presbyterian    1824.     See   Doc.   Hist.   N.Y.   iii.   674,   696. 
Dailey  Hist.  Montgomery  CI.,  126. 
Salt  River,  Alercer  Co..  Ky.,  1796.     Labagh,  P.,  Miss,  to,  1796-7,  Kyle,  1804- 
16.     In   1817.   CI.   New   Brunswick  recommended  it  to  become   Presby- 
terian.     [Clcland.   Thos.    (Presbyt.),    1816-25.     The   building   was   then 
occupied  by  ttie  Cumberland  Presbyterians  for  20  years,   1825-45]. 
Dutch  emigrants  began  to  locate  at  Salt  River.  Ky..  in  1781.     They  came 
chiefly  from  Conowago.  York  Co.,  Pa.,  and  from  Hanover.  Adams  Co.,  Pa. 
A  few  came  directly  from  Bergen  and  Somerset  Cos.,  N.J.     Collins,  in  his 
history  of  Kentucky   (vol.  ii.  523),  says:    "The  first  Dutch  emigrants  came 
to  White  Oak  Springs,  one  mile  above  Boonesborough,  in  1781.     This  com- 
pany  consisted  of    Henry   Banta,   Sr.,   Henry   Banta,   Jr.,   Abraham    Banta, 
John  Banta.  Samuel  Duryee.  Peter  Duryee.  Daniel  Duryee.  Henry  Duryee, 
Albert    Duryee,    Peter    Cozart,    (or    Cozad),    Fred    Ripperham,    and    John 
Plenty.     They  purchased  1200  acres  of  land,  which  is  known  as  "The  Low 
Dutch   Tract."     But  the  accuracy  of   some  of  these   statements  of   Collins, 
about  first  location,  is  questioned. 

There  were,  however,  later  companies  of  Dutch  emigrants  to  Kentucky. 
A  large  body  left  Conowago.  Pa.,  in  1793,  for  "the  cane  lands  of  Kain- 
tuckee."  The  journey  took  many  weeks  in  large,  heavy  wagons.  They 
cam.ped  out  at  night  in  the  wilderness,  but  always  rested  on  the  Sabbath 
day,  and  held  religious  services.  After  crossing  the  mountains  they 
reached  the  upper  waters  of  the  Ohio.  They  descended  the  river  in  flat 
boats,  the  shores  being  infested  with  hostile  savages.  They  landed  at 
Limestone,  now  Maysville,  Ky..  and  again  started  with  their  wagons  for 
Upper  Salt  River,  near  the  present  town  of  Harrodsburg.  They  drove 
cows  before  them  all  the  way.  and  some  of  their  milk  was  churned  daily, 
by  the  motion  of  the  heavy,  spr'ngle  s  wagons,  and  furnished  them  butter 
on  their  journey.  The  records  of  Mercer  Co..  Ky..  show  the  purchase  of 
44  tracts  of  land  between  1789  and  180  3  by  these  Dutch  emigrants.  Among 
the  names  are  those  of  Banta.  Cozine.  Nourse.  Demaree,  (Demarest), 
Stagg,  Lite,  (Lej'dt).  DeMott.  Smock.  Terhune,  Vories,  (Voorhees),  Van 
Nuys,  Bice.  (Boice  or  Beys),  Verbrycke,  Huff,  and  others.  The  settle- 
ment near  Boonesborough,  notwithstanding  Collins'  assertion  above,  prob- 
ably took  place  later,  and  from  these  Dutch  emigrants  of  Mercer  county. 
And  although  they  took  no  minister  with  them,  they  at  once  began  to 
conduct  religious  services  among  themselves.  They  began  a  Saturday 
evening  Prayer-meeting  in  1800.  which  on  Aug.  25,  1900,  celebrated  its 
Centennial. 

In  1796  occurred  the  visit  of  Rev.  Peter  Labagh  to  this  region.     He  was 


THE    CHURCHES  7O3 

sent  by  the  Synod  to  visit  this  distant  settlement.  He  went  from  Hacken- 
sack,  N.J.,  all  the  way  on  horseback,  and  returned  in  the  same  way.  While 
there  he  organized  a  Reformed  Dutch  Church.  On  Dec.  22,  i8oc,  David 
Adams  and  Klizabeth,  his  wife,  sold  three  acres  of  land  on  the  dry  fork 
of  Salt  River,  Mercer  Co.,  Ky.,  to  John  Verbrycke.  Isaac  Vanice,  (Van 
Nuys),  and  Peter  Conine,  for  £4  los.  for  said  church.  As  soon  as  the 
"sleepers"  were  put  in  place,  a  dedicatory  prayer  was  offered.  Its  walls 
were  filled  in  with  mud,  and  it  stood  for  more  than  a  century,  and  was 
known  as  "The  Old  Mud  Meeting  House." 

Domine  Thomas  Kyle  emigrated  also  from  Pennsylvania  to  Kentucky, 
but  had  settled  in  Washington  County.  In  1802  he  bought  land  in  Mercer 
County,  and  became  the  pastor  of  this  Dutch  church,  1802-16,  when  he 
became  a  Methodist.  Meantime,  emigration  of  some  of  these  Dutch  into 
Henry  County,  and  states  north  of  the  Ohio,  was  taking  place,  and  the 
old  Dutch  church  became  Presbyterian.  See  Conowago,  in  this  work ; 
also  Rev.  Jas.  K.  Demarest's  "Hist.  Disc,  of  Presbyt.  Ch.  of  Gettysburg, 
Pa.,"  1876;  also  Scomp's  "Old  Mud  Meeting  House,"  at  Salt  River,  Ky.^ 
igoo;  also  Thos.  M.  Banta's  "A  Frisian  Family,"  or  "The  Banta  Geneal- 
ogy." Christian  Intelligencer,  March  20,  1901. 
Sambas,  see  India. 

Samsonville.  1851,  see  Krumville,  N.Y. 
Sanborn,  la.,  1915.     Van  Zyl,  B.  R.  1915-1920,  Mansen,  F.  B.  1920-21,  Bak- 

ker,  A.  1921. 
Sand  Beach,  1810,  see  Owasco  Outlet,  N.Y. 

Sandham   Memorial,   Monroe,   S.D.,   1883.      (At   first   known   as   Marion). 
Harmeling,  S.  J.  83-94,  Reeverts,  95-7,  classical  missionary,  1897-1901, 
Winter.  J.  E.   (S.S.),   1901-1905,  Brummel,  J.   1906-1908,  Winter,  J.  E. 
1908-1911,  Haverkamp,  A.  1911-1916,  Roggen,  J.  A.  1917-1922. 
Sandham  Memorial,  see  Case  Township,  Moore,  Okl.,  1906. 
Sand  Hill,  now  Canajoharie,  N.Y. 
Sand  Ridge,  111.     Meulendyk,   (S.S.)   1877-9. 
Sandstone,  Friesland,  Minn.,  1903.     Kots,  J.  W.  1903-1905,  Stegeman,  Wm. 

1907-1914,  DeLange,  T.  L.  1915-1919,  Deelsnyder,  C.  W.  1920 .     See 

Friesland. 
Sandusky  City,   (CI.  Michigan),  1855.     Kuss,   1855-6. 

Saratoga,  ( Schuylerville.)  Saratoga  Co.,  N.Y.,  1770.  Drummond,  1771-7, 
reorganized,  1789.  Smith,  S.  1789-18CO,  stated  supplies,  1800-1803,  Close, 
McDowell,  Zebriskie,  Demarest,  Paige,  Duryea,  P.  H.  1803-28,  Boyd, 
H.  M.  29-34,  May,  ^4-9,  Jones,  D.  A.  39-44,  Chester,  44-50,  Searle, 
S.  T.,  50-7,  Merrill,  58-61,  Lansing,  A.  G.  62-8,  Collier,  I.  H.  69-74, 
Van  Doren,  D.  K.  74-82.  Chapman,  J.  W.  83-5.  McCullom,  86-91, 
Hainer.   92-5,    Brandow,   J.    H.    1895-1905,   Weidner,    D.    C.    1905-1913. 

Kinney,  C.  W.  1913 .     See  Brandow's  Story  of  Old  Saratoga. 

Saugatuck,  Mich.,  1868.     Brock,  D.  70-5,  Nies,  76-9,  Groeneveld,  81-2;  dis- 
banded. 
Saugerties,    N.Y.,    1839.     Ostrander,    H.    1839-40;    Van    Santvoord,    C.    S. 
1840-54,    Elmendorf,   J.    1855-62,   Gaston,  J.    1862-9,   Thompson,   J.    B. 
1869-71,    Cobb,    S.    H.    1871-83,    Wortman,    1883-1901,    Hunter,    D.    M. 
1902-1910,  Wemple,  J.  V.  1911-21.  Sheffer,  H.  L.  1922 .     See  Flat- 
bush,   (Glasco)   Blue  Mountain,  Katsbaan. 
Legally,  the  organization  dates  back  to  the  coming  of  the  Palatines  to 
West  Camp  in  1710.     Historically  and  as  a  fact,  the  church  of  Saugerties, 
which  had  unsuccessfully  petitioned    for  an   organization   during  the  pre- 
ceding*five  years,  became  a  church  separate  from  Katsbaan  in   1839.     The 
village   of    Saugerties   began    in    1825,   when   manufacturers   availed   them- 
selves of  its  great  water  power.     See  Katsbaan. 

Sayville,  West  Sayville,  Suffolk  Co.,  N.Y.,  1866.  Jongeneel,  L.  G.  66-71. 
Van  Emmerick,  73-88,  Cronsay,  88-90,  Hoffman,  J.  93-9,  Schilstra,  E.  S. 
1900-1910.  Dyke,  Jacob  1911-1912,  Muller,  C.  1913-1920,  Van  Antwerpen, 
A.  E.  1920 


704  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Scarsdale,  N.  Y.,  1913.  Harper,  J.  H.  (S.S.)  1913-1917,  Hallenbeck,  C.  A. 
1917-1920.     See  Greenville,  N.Y. 

Schaghticoke,  Reynolds,  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.Y.,  1707.  Supplied  by  Freling- 
huysen,  T.  quarterly,  1745-59,  by  Westerlo,  1760-73;  Van  Bunschooten, 
E.  1773-85.  De  Ronde,  supplied,  1776-84,  pastor,  1784-95,  Paige,  1793- 
1801,  Ostrander,  S.  1810-21,  Switz,  1823-9,  Marcellus,  1831-4,  Boyd, 
H.  M.  1835-41,  Ackerson,  1842-4,  Meyers,  A.  H.  (S.S.)  1844-8,  Fonda, 
J.  D.  1848-56,  Van  Brunt,  (S.S.)  1857-61,  White,  G.  1864-9,  Viele,  1871- 
2,  Cole,  S.  T.  1872-9,  Ackerman,  79-85,  Shafer.  T.  86-9,  Gordon,  M.  R. 
90-4,  Macardel,  94-7,  Ficken,  1898-1902,  Harper,  J.  A.  1905-1909,  Class- 
ical Missionary,  1912-1917.     See  Doc.  Hist.  i.  245,  Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y. 

Schenectady,  Schenectady  Co.,  N.Y.,  churches  in  : 

1.  Schenectady,   ist,   1680.      (An  out-station  of   Albany,   1662-80.     See 

Flats).  Supplied  by  Schaats,  1662-80,  Tesschenmaeker,  1684-90, 
supplied  by  Dellius,  1690-9,  Freeman,  1700-5,  supplied  by  Lydius, 
1702-9,  [Barclay,  Episc.  1710-15],  Bower,  T.  1715-28,  Erickzon,' 
1728-36,  (chartered,  1734),  Van  Santvoord,  C.  1742-52,  Vrooman, 
1754-84,  (Eng.  Lang,  began  to  be  introduced),  Romeyn,  D.  1784- 
1804,  Sickles,  (colleague),  1794-7,  Meyer,  J.  H.  1803-6,  Bogardus, 
C.  1808-11,  Van  Vechten,  14-49,  Taylor,  W.  J.  R.  49-53,  Seelye, 
J.  H.  53-8,  Seelye,  E.  E.  58-64,  Wortman,  6';-70,  Vermilye,  A.  G. 
71-7,  Griffis,  77-86,  Sewall,  86-99,  Raymond,  A.  V.  V.  (S.S.) 
99-1900,  Zelie,    1901-1903,   Lunn,   G.   R.    1904-1909,   Potter,   C.   J. 

1910 . 

See  "Ecc.  Rec." ;  "Col.  Docs.,"  see  Index,  Schenectady ;  par- 
ticular references  to  the  church,  iv.  541,  727,  729,  72,2,  767,  833, 
835,  983,  V.  656,  vi.  160,  vii.  398,  viii.  282.  "Doc.  Hist."  i.  179-195, 
242,  340,  iii.  536,  540,  552,  628,  685.  "Smith's  N.Y.,"  305.  "Mag. 
R.D.C."  ii.  328.  "Manual  and  Directory  of  the  Church  of,"  1878. 
Schenectady,  ist  Ch.  Memorial,  at  200th  Anniversary,  1880. 

2.  Rotterdam,   (or  Schenectady  2d),  Pattersonville,  1799.     Van  Zandt, 

P.  1818-22,  Searle,  J.  23-7,  Boyd,  Josh.  28-36,  Mead,  44-9,  Jukes, 
56-62,  Lowe,  J.  63-90,  Hill,  Alex.  1890 

3.  Glenville   ist,    (or   Schenectady   ist,   of   Fourth  Ward,    1814.     Van 

Zandt,  P.  18-22,  Slingerland,  24-33,  Bunnell,  35-8,  Ingalls,  40-51, 
Meyers,  A.  H.  52-4,  Burghardt,  55-61,  Peeke,  G.  H.  61-3,  Minor, 
64-73,  Randies,  73-81,  Hill,  W.  J.  82-4,  Nickerson,  N.  F.  85-91, 
Morton,  93-5,  Mclntyre,  Jos.  95-8,  Rogers,  R.  1898-1907,  Rey- 
nolds, F.  T.  B.  1911-1913,  Nies,  M.  G.  1914-1918,  DeHollander,  J. 
A.  1918-1920,  Dumont,  W.  A.  1920 . 

4.  Scotia  1st  (Before  1910  Glenville  2d)  Schenectady  Co.,  N.Y.,  1818. 

Murphy,  1826-34,  Stryker,  H.  B.  34-7,  Swift,  37-42,  Crocker,  42- 
8,  Vedder,  E.  49-51,  Williamson,  N.  D.  51-5,  Slingerland,  57-60, 
Berry,  P.  62-3,  Wilson,  F.  F.  64-70,  Bookstaver,  A.  A.  70-1, 
Johnston,  A.  '72-5,  Vander  Wart,  76-83,  Van  Doren,  D.  K.  83-5, 
Doig,  85-92,  Gordon,  M.  R.  85-1901,  Roberts,  H.  B.  1901 

5.  Rotterdam  2d,   1823.     Searle,  J.   1823-7,  Boyd,  Josh.   1828-40,  Nott, 

1841-54,  Spaulding,  1856-60,  Schoonmakei,  R.  L.  1861-70,  Davis, 
W.  P.  1870-4,  (supplied  by  Storer,  M.  J.,  a  Lutheran,  1874-5,) 
Van  Allen,  1876-83,  Vander  Veer,  L.  83-91,  Knox,  J.  C.  1891- 
1904,  Nashlods,  Wm.  H.  1906-20. 

■6.  Schenectady  2d,  (Jay  St.)  1851.  Duryea,  L  G.  52-8,  (Dean,  58-9, 
pending  the  lawsuit,)  Van  Santvoord,  C.  S.  (S.S.)  59-61,  Du 
Bois,  A.  62-9,  Phraner,  70-5,  Crocker,  J.  N.  (S.S.)  76-8,  Law- 
rence, E.  C.  78-80,  Kipp,  P.  E.  81-7,  Hinds,  87-91,  Cole,  P.  H. 

91-7,   Talmage,  G.   E.    1898-1907,   Meengs,  J.  G.    1907 .     See 

"Year  Book,"  1900. 

7.     Schenectady  3d  (Ger.)  (College  st.)   1854.     Schwilk,  1856-68. 


THE    CHURCHES  705 

8.  Bellevue,   1892.     Enders,   (S.S.)   93-4,  Thyne,   (S.S.)   94-7,  Hogan, 

R.  J.  1897-1915,  De  Young,  C.  1916-1921,  Thurston,  J.  A.  1921. 

9.  Mont  Pleasant,  1892.     V'anderveer,  L.   (S.S.)   92-6,  Herman,  A.  B. 

1897-1915,  Schwitters,  E.  O.  1916-1919,  Compton,  W.  E.  1920 

10.  Woodlawn,     1910.      Van    Oostenbrugge,    C.     1911-1912,     Ballard, 

B.   1913-1915,  Willoughby,   H.  C.   1916 

Schodack,  Muitzeskill,  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.Y.,  1756.  Fryenmoet,  1770-8, 
Romeyn,  J.  V.  C.  1788-94,  Bork.  1789-1808,  Fonda,  Jesse,  1809-13, 
Van  Buren,  P.  14-20,  Johnson,  I.  Y.  21-3,  Bennet,  24-8,  Van  Santvoord, 
S.  29-34,  Gray,  J.  35-46,  Bailey,  47-56,  Snyder,  56-69,  Peffers,  69-73, 
Veenschoten,  74-86,  Plass,  Norman,'  86-7,  Birdsall,  88-92,  Shaw,  J. 
94-6,  McCuIIy,  97-1900,  Van  Oostenbrugge,  C.  1900-1906,  Doyle,  D.  P. 
1906-1914,  Fisher,  J.  W.  1915-1919,  Robinson,  W.  L.  1920-21. 

Schodack  Landing,  1858.  Was  united  with  the  Ch.  of  Schodack,  1859-66. 
Kip.  I.  L.  67-74,  Leggett,  75-82,  Hendrickson,  82-7,  Nasholds,  87-91, 
Crane,  92-1900,  Foster,  J.  W.  1900-1902,  Van  Dorn,  D.  K.  1902-1907, 
Sauerbrunn,  L.  F.  1908-1912,  Campbell,  D.  G.  1913,  Maas,  H.  W.  1914- 
I(;i6. 

Schoharie  (Huntersfield),  Schoharie  Co.,  N.Y.,  Foxendorp,  Wyersdorp, 
1720-30.  First  record  in  the  Church  Book  is  dated  1728.  Haeger,  J.  F., 
was  preaching  in  this  region  1710-1721,  Oehl,  1724-30.  Pastors:  Erick- 
son,  R.  1730-31  and  1732-6,  Weiss,  G.  M.  1731-2.  Schuyler,  J.  1736-56, 
Goetschius,  J.  M.  1756-60,  Rosencrantz,  A.  1760-65,  co-pastor  using  the 
German  language  at  the  Foxendorp  building,  Westerlo,  E.  1761-64, 
using  the  Dutch  language  at  the  Wysersdorp  building  (Middleburgh), 
Schuyler,  Johannes,  1766-79.  During  the  year  1779-85,  several  min- 
isters supplied  the  church  of  whom  the  following  were  identified : 
Gross,  J.  D.,  Van  Nest,  R.,  Gebhard,  J.  G.,  Schuneman,  J.  (The 
church  was  independent,  1785-1821).  (1788  Collegiate  connection  with 
Middleburgh  was  severed).  Schneyder,  1785-7,  Broffel,  J.  C.  L.  1788-95, 
Peck,  D.  C.  (S.S.)  1797-8,  Van  Nest,  R.  (S.S.)  1798,  Schaefer.  J.  D. 
1800-1820,  Weidman,  1821-36,  Scribner,  1836-9,  Robertson,  1839-43, 
Weidman,  (S.S.)  1843-4,  Wells,  R.  1844-57,  Crispell,  C.  E.  1857-63, 
Cobb,  S.  H.  1864-70,  Vedder,  E.  187 1-3,  Handy,  1874-80,  Todd,  A.  F. 
1880-84,  Smart,  1885-92,  Handy,  1892-1904,  Brandow,  J.  H.  1905-08, 
Van  Ess,   J.   1909-11,  Kinney,   C.  W.   1911-13,   Clowe,   C.  W.    1913-14, 

Conklin,  W.  D.  1915-18,  Miller,  A.  J.  1921 .     "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  397, 

423-5,  628-31.  "Col.  Hist."  V.  575.  "Smith's  N.Y.,"  306.  "Sims'  Hist, 
of  Schoharie  Co."  "Mag.  R.D.C."  iv.  172.  "Cox's  Herkimer,"  p.  4. 
\'osburgh's  Researches  for  N.Y.  Genealogical  and  Biographical  Society. 

Schoharie  Kill,  1798.  Labagh,  P.' 1798-1803,  Schermerhorn,  C.  D.  1803-09. 
Dropped,  1846.     See  Prattsville.     See  Dailey  Hist,  of  Mont.  CI.  126. 

Schoharie.  Lower,  1770.  Merged  in  Church  of  Schoharie.  See  Dailey 
Hist,  of  Mont.  CI.  127. 

Schoharie,  Upper,  1732.  See  Middleburgh.  See  Dailey  Hist,  of  Mont- 
gomery CI.  127. 

Schoharie  Mount,  1808,  see  Howe's  Cave,  N.Y. 

Schoteau,  same  as  Shokan.    See  "Mints.  Gen.  Syn."  i.  314. 

Schraalenburgh,  Bergen  Co.  N.J.  1724.  Erickson,  1725-8,  Mancius,  1730-2, 
Curtenius,  1737-55,  Goetschius.  J.  H.  1748-74,  Romeyn,  D.  1775-84, 
Froeligh,  S.  1786-1822,  seceded.  See  Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y." — "Centennial 
Hist.  CI.  of  Paramus." 

Schraalenburgh,  Secession.  1822.  Froeligh,  S.  1822-7,  Blauvelt,  C.  J. 
1828-52,  Hammond,  E.  S.  1858-62,  Van  Houten,  1862-6. 

Schraalenburgh,  Du  Alont,  1756.  Schuyler,  1756-66,  Blauw,  1768-71,  Kuy- 
pers,  W.  1771-97,  Romeyn,  J.  V.  C.  1799-1833,  Cole.  L  29-32,  Garret- 
son.  J.  33-6,  Osborne,  37-41,  Blauvelt,  C.  J.  42-58,  Gordon,  W.  R. 
58-80,  Seibert,  G.  A.  81-91.  Cotton,  1892-1905,  Gulick,  C.  W.  1906-1918, 
Spring,  J.  C.  1919 .     See  Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y. 


706  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Schuyler,   (station)   Herkimer  Co.,  N.Y.     Snyder,  H.,  Miss,  to,   1829-30. 

Schuylerville,  see  Northumberland. 

Schuylerville,  1770,  see  Saratoga,  N.Y. 

Scotia,  1818,  see  Schenectady,  N.Y. 

Scotland,  Bonhomme  Co.,  S.D.,  1894.  Called  Ebenezer  until  1906.  Classi- 
cal Missionary,  1893-1896.  DeWitz,  C.  F.  1897-1899,  Koerlin,  E.  F. 
1902-1906,  Schaeffcr,  F.  1908-1918,  P.  E.  1919,  Frerichs,  J.  B.  1919-21, 
Linnemann,  A.  1922 

Seaside  Chapel,  1878,  see  Long  Branch,  N.J. 

Seattle,  Wash.,  1919.  Immanuel,  Classical  Missionary,  1919.  Flipse,  M. 
1921 

Secaucus,  Hudson  Co.,  N.J.,  1882.  Supplied  by  students  and  others,  1882- 
1904,  Hopper,  A.  W.  (S.S.)  1904,  Supplied,  1908-1911,  Stube,  C.  F. 
(S.S.)  1912-1915,  Muste,  C.  B.  (S.S.)  1915-1916,  Suit,  E.  C.  1917-1918, 
Howard,  J.  R.  1920 . 

Second  River,  1700,  now  Belleville,  N.J. 

Selkirk,  1763,  see  Bethlehem  ist,  N.Y. 

Sempronius,  N.  Y.  Out-station  of  Owasco,  N.  Y.  Brinkerhoff,  G.  G.  1808- 
1813.     See  Dailey  Hist,  of  Mont.  CI.  134,  Biog.  Rec.  N.B.T.S.  52. 

Shandaken,  Shokan,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1854.  Hammond,  J.  W.  54-6,  Betts, 
56-61,  Peeke,  A.  P.  62-5,  Brush,  A.  H.  65-7.  Hammond,  J.  W.  67-73, 
Westveer,  74-6,  Beekman,  A.  J.  76-83,  McGibbon,  83-6,  Bergen,  J.  T. 
86-9,  Kinney,  91-3,  Niemeycr,  93-8,  Palmer,  C.  L.  1899-1902,  Ciowe,  C. 
W.  1903-1905,  Brink,  H.  W.  1906-1914,  Gulick,  G.  W.  1915-1917, 
Blanchard,  F.  Dr.  1917-20. 

Shannick,  same  as  Neshanic. 

Sharon,  Potter  Co.,  Pa.,  1797?     Gray,  1797-1819. 

Sharon  Centre,  (Dorlach),  Lawyersville,  Schoharie  Co.,  N.Y.,  1788?  Bork, 
1796-8,  Labagh,  I.  1801-11,  Jones,  N.  1816-21,  Raymond,  29-32,  Bassler, 
33-8,  Frazee,  38-40,  Chittenden,  41-5,  Bogardus,  N.  46-8,  Eckel,  49-50, 
Julien,  52-3,  Jones,  N.  W.  (S.S.)  55-6,  ■  Raymond,  56-64.  Van  Woert, 
67-71,  Shaffer,  71-4,  Carr,  75-7,  Kershow,  (S.S.)  77-9,  Parsons,  81-5, 
Miller,  E.  86-7,  Phelps.  P.  T.  89-94,  Messier,  I.  97-1901,  Wurtz,  W.  A. 
1902-1909,  Smith,  C.  W.  1913-1918,  Frost,  H.  D.  1918-22. 

Sharon,  Secession,   {Independent) ,   1827.     BcUengcr,  1829-77. 

Shawangunk,  Bruynswick,  VVallkill,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1737.  United  with 
Kingston  until  1750.  Schuneman  and  Vrooman,  1753-4,  Goetschius,  J. 
M.  1760-71,  Van  Nest.  R.  1774-85,  Froeligh,  M.  1778-1813,  Polhemus, 
H.  1813-16,  Wilson,  A.  D.  16-29,  Mandeville,  H.  29-31,  Bevier,  31-43. 
Alliger,  43-50,  Scott,  51-66,  Spaulding,  68-82,  Hageman,  P.  K.  82-90, 
Palmer,  R.  V.  90-3,  Dixon,  Jos.  93-99,  Vandeburg,  1899-1904,  Gulick, 
G.  W.  1904-1907,  Vandeburg,  S.  1908-1920,  Goebel,  G._  A.  T.  1921 

Shawnee,  Okl.,  1907-191 1,  see  Horton  Atemorial. 

Sheboygan,  W'is.,  see  Hope,  Sheboygan,  Wis. 

Sheboygan  Falls,  Sheboygan  Co.,  Wis.,  1856.  Harmeling,  92-3,  Sietsema, 
94-8,  Zwemer,  F.  J.  1898-1903,  De  Jong,  P.  1904-1907.  Tietema,  J.  H. 
1907-1911,  Flikkema,  B.  M.  1912-1917,  Vander  Ploeg,  H.  1918-1919, 
Lubbers,  R.  J.  1920 .     See  Gibbsville,  Wis.,  Hingham,  Wis. 

Sheldon,  Sioux  Co.,  la.,  1895.  Dykhuizen.  98-1901,  Van  Arendonk,  1901- 
1904,  Stegeman,  Wm.  1904-1906,  Rozendal,  A.  1907-1909,  Vander  Naald, 
H.  1910-22. 

Shiloh,  S.  C,  see  Bethel,  S.  C. 

Shimonoseki,  1914,  see  Japan. 

Shokan,  (Ashokan.)  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1791.  Goetschius,  S.  1796-1814, 
Carle.  14-26,  Hendricks,  J.  26,  Boyse,  Miss,  to,  26-9,  Roosa,  30-4, 
Amerman,  T.  A.  35-8,  Harlow.  38-49.  Hammond,  J.  W.  48-9.  Voor- 
hees,  J.  N.  49-51.  Hammond,  J.  W.  52-6,  Betts,  56-61,  Abby,  L.  A.,  Oct. 
6i-Ap.  62,  Peeke.  A.  P.  62-5,  Brush,  A.  A.  65-7,  Hammond,  J.  W. 
67-73,  Westveer,  74-6,  Beekman,  A.  J.  76-83,  AIcGibbon,  83-6,  Bergen, 


THE    CHURCHES  707 

J.  T.  86-9,  Emmerick,  89-90,  Kinney,  90-3,  Niemeyer,  93-8,  Palmer, 
C.  L.  1899-1902,  Clowe,  C.  W.  1903-1905,  Brink,  H.  W.  1906-1914,  Gu- 
lick.  G.  W.  1915-1917,  Blanchard,  F.  D.  1917-20.  See  Christian  Intelli- 
gencer Sept.  5,  1900. 

Siam,  see  India. 

Sibley,  1894,  see  Baker,  la. 

Sibley,  la..  1914.  (Classis  of  Germania).  Classical  missionary,  1914. 
Potgeter.  H.  J.  (Jr.).  1915-1918,  DeVries,  J.  M.  1919 

Sibley.  la.,  ist.  1917.  (Classis  of  East  Sioux).  Hoffs,  H.  1917-1919,  Furda, 
E.  1919 ■ 

Silver  Creek,  Meekin,  German  Valley,  Ogle  Co.,  111.  (Ger.)  1851.  Zur- 
cher,  (S.S.)  53,  Wagner,  56-61,  Aluller,  J.  61-72,  Steffens,  72-8,  Matzke, 
78-87,    Beyer.    1888-1905,    Schnuecker,    G.    1907-1916,    Kroesclie,    A.    C. 

^917 " 

Silver  Creek,  Maple  Lake,  Wright  Co.,  Minn.,  1894.  Dangremond,  G.  94-5, 
Te  Paske,  1898-1901,  supplies,  1902-1905,  Gruys,  Wm.  1905-1909,  Stege- 
man,  Wm.  1909,  Dragt.  J.  J.  1910-1913,  Lammcrs,  B.  W.  1914-21,  Sieg- 
ers. P.  1921 

Sinthoick  or  Sincock,  1789,  afterward  Stillwater,  N.Y. 

Siokhe,  1889,  see  China. 

Sioux  Centre,  Sioux  Co..  la.,  1877.  (Formerly  called  West  Branch).  De 
Pree,  Jas.  1880-1910,  Lubbers,  F.  1910 

Sioux  Centre,  la.,  1899.  Central.  (Received  from  the  Presbytery  of  Sioux 
Centre).  Classical  missionary,  99-1900.  Heemstra,  J.  F.  1900-1904,  De- 
Jonge,  B.  1904-1912,  Ossewaarde,  M.  1912-1916,  Haverkamp,  A. 
1916- . 

Sioux  City.  la.,  1915.  Boer,  H.  K.  (S.S.)  1915-1916,  Colenbrander,  H. 
1916-1917. 

Sioux  Falls.  Livingston  Memorial,  Minnehaha  Co..  S.D.,  1883.  Living- 
ston, E.  P.  83-5,  Skillmaii,  85-93.  classical  missionary,  93-5,  Kingsbury, 
L.  95-9,  classical  missionary,  99-1900,  Ruigh,  1900-1,  classical  mission- 
ary, 1901-1902,  Schipper,  H.  1902-1905,  Winter,  J.  E.  1905-1908,  Ahiys- 
kens.  Arie  1909-1911.     Dropped   1917. 

Six  Alile  Creek.  (CI.  Cayuga,)    1827.     Mandeville,  G.  1828-31. 

Six  Mile  Run,  Franklin  Park,  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.  (Three  Mile  Run)  1710. 
Van  \'leck.  P.  1710-12,  Frelinghuysen,  T.  J.  1720-47,  (Arondeus,  Con- 
fcrcntic.  1747-54.)  Leydt.  J.  1748-83,  (chartered,  1753,  see  New  Bruns- 
wick,) Van  Harlingen,  1787-95,  Cannon,  1797-1826,  Romeyn,  Jas.  28-33, 
Sears.  33-80.  Taylor,  W.  R.  79-84,  Mulford,  85-9,  Blauvelt.  G.  M.  S. 

89-1901,  Case,  C.  P.  1902-1907,  Keator,  E.  H.  1908 

For  sketch,  see  "Ch.  Int."   Sept.  28.   1876.     Also  "Steele's  Hist.  Disc," 

New  Brunswick,  1867.     "Millstone  Centennial,"  1866.     "Dr.  Messler's  Hist. 

Notes."    1873.      Streng's    Articles    on    the    Church    of    North    and    South 

Hampton.    Pa.      "Mulford's    Hist.    Discourse."    1885;    and    "Prof.    Hinke's 

Church  Record  of  Bensalem  and  Neshaminy.  Pa.."  in  "Journal  of  Presbyt. 

Hist.  Soc."  1901.     Keator,  Hist.  Six  Mile  Run  Ch.,  1710-1910. 

Sixty-eighth  St.,  .see  N.Y.C..  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Smith  Memorial,   1922.  see  Teaneck.  N.J. 

Smithficld.  Pike  Co.,  Pa..  1737.  (This  was  a  preaching  station  from  1725, 
for  the  miners  in  the  vicinity).  Fryenmoet,  1741-53.  Land  having 
been  given  for  a  Presbyterian  church  in  1750,  (a  stone  church  being 
soon  erected),  it  became,  apparently,  Presbyterian.  But  it  was  sup- 
plied occasionally  by  Mancius,  1737-41,  by  Fryenmoet,  occasionally, 
1753-6,  and  Romeyn,  T.  1760-62,  and  also  by  Presbyterian  ministers. 
It  was  not  formally  organized  into  a  Presbyterian  church  till  1816. 
See  "Mills'  Hist.  Disc,  of  Ch.  of  Walpack"  and  "Davis'  Hist.  Disc,  of 
Ch.  of  Smithfield." 

Smithfield.  Sussex  Co.,  N.J..  1760-70?  Referred  to  in  "Mints.  Classis  of 
New  Brunswick  in  iSii."  Vol.  ii.  p.  14.  See  Hardwick  and  Knowl- 
ton.  N.T. 


708  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Snell's  Bush,  1770,  now  in  Manheim,  N.Y. 

Sodus,  N.Y.,  1911.    Wiersma,  F.  M.  Classical  missionary,  1911-1914,  Meulen- 
dyke,    J.    1914-1916,    Hogenboom,    G.    H.    1917-1920,    Lammers,    B.    W. 
1921 

Somerset,  Miami  Co.,  Kansas.  1871.  Beekman,  J.  S.  (S.S.)  71-2,  Mayou, 
1872-6. 

Somerville,  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,  see  Raritan,  N.J. 

Sophiasburgh,  1810,  see  Canada. 

Sourland,   1727,  same  as  Harlingen,  N.J. 

South   Barnard,   Charlevoix,   Mich.,   1915.     Classical   Missionary,   1915 

South  Bend,  St.  Joseph  Co.,  Ind.,  1849.  McNeish,  49-52,  Beidler,  53-4, 
Evans,  C.  A.  56-7,  Van  Doren,  W.  T.  57-9,  Peeke,  G.  H.  60-1,  Skill- 
man,  68-72,  (reorganized,  1870,)  Williamson,  72-96,  Winter,  J.  P.  97-9, 
Dyk,  Jacob  99-1901,  Rothenberger,  I.  1902-1906,  Moerdyke,  P.  1908- 
1914.    Dropped  1915. 

South  Bergen,  1874,  see  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

South  Blendon,  Hudsonville,  Farowe,  Ottawa  Co.,  Mich.,  1883.  De  Jong, 
G.  87-90,  Pool,  Wm.  90-3,  Poot,  95-6,  Scholten,  1896-1908,  Siegers,  P. 
1909-1913.  Wiersma,  F.  M.  1913 

South  Bound  Brook,  see  Bound  Brook,  N.J. 

South  Branch,  (Branchville),  Somerset  Co.,  N.J.,  1850.  Dater,  Henry. 
1850-3.  Pitcher.  Wm.  1854-79,  Davis,  Wm.  E.  1879-83,  Loucks,  Joel 
1884-92,  Sperling,  Is.  1893-1917,  Gosselink,  M.  G.  1918 .  See  "Sperl- 
ing's Hist.  Discourse  at  Semi-Centennial,"  1900. 

South  Brooklyn,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

South  Bushwick.  1891,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

South  Carolina.  Johnson,  W.  L.  (Miss,  in.)  1869-74.  See  Orangeburgh. 
S.C. 

South  Church,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

South  Fallsburg.  see  Fallsburgh,  N.Y. 

South  Gilboa,  Schoharie  Co.,  N.Y.  (see  Blenheim,)  1859.  Buckelew,  59- 
64.  Generally  supplied  by  Presbyterian  ministers  of  Stamford,  4 
miles  away.  Richards.  L.  E.  82-5,  Scarlett,  J.  H.  93-9,  Bergmans,  J.  C. 
(S.S.)  1902,  Ruliffson,  E.  J.  (S.S.)  1904-1908,  Hess,  N.  (S.S.)  1911- 
1913,  Ziegler,  V.  (S.S.)   1916-1919,  Stevens,  C.  N.  1919 

South  Haven,  Van  Buren  Co.,  Mich.,  1872.  Boer,  Miss,  at,  74-6,  Dangre- 
mond,  78-84,  classical  missionary,  1884-1902,  John,  C.  C.  A.  L.  1902- 
1909,  Classical  Missionary,  1909 

South  Holland,  Mich.,  1849.  (Part  of  Church  of  Graapschaap).  Van  der 
Schuur,  49-51.     United  With  Assoc.  Refd.  Ch.  1852. 

South  Holland.  (Low  Prairie),  Cook  Co.,  111.,  1855.  Ypma,  55-61,  Bolks, 
62-5.  Koopman,  65-8.  Zw-emer,  68-70.  Buursma.  72-8,  Kremer,  79-83, 
Moerdyke,  Wm.  84-6.  Van  Houte.  J.  86-91,  Broek,  J.  1893-1905.  Harmel- 
ing.  H.  1906-1909,  Van  Duine,  A.  M.  1910-1912,  Schuurmans,  H.  P 
1913-1917,  Muilenburg,  T.  W.  1919 

South  Little  Rock.  Osceola  Co..  la.,  1894.    Missy,  A.  96. 

South  Macon,  Lenawee  Co.,  Mich.,  1863.  (Formerly  Ridgeway).  Skill- 
man,  63-8,  Moerdyk,  R.  P.  69-71,  De  Spelder,  73-84,  Dutton,  84-;; 
Gulick,  J.  I.  91-5,  Jongewaard,  1897-1901,  Scarlet,  G.  W.  1902-190?, 
Dropped  1908. 

South  Manor,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

South  Millbrook,  see  Millbrook,  N.Y. 

South  N.Y.C..  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

South  Pass,  Nebraska.  1877. 

Southwest  Troy,  see  West  Troy,  South,  N.Y. 

Sparkill,  see  Piermont. 

Sparta,  (station).    Stevenson,  Miss,  to,  1827-8. 

Spokane,  Wash.,  191 8.     Classical  Missionary. 

Spotswood,    Middlesex    Co.,    N.J.,    1821.      Van    Hook,    Miss,    to,     19-20 


THE    CHURCHES  709 

McClure,  J.  22-5,  Rice,  H.  L.  25-34.  Van  Liew.  J.  C.  34-41,  Betts,  42-5, 
Knight,  W.  46-7,  Manning,  47-54,  Wandewater,  55-67,  Willis,  68-80, 
Harmeling,  S.  J.  81-3,  Spaulding,  C.  83-90,  Morton,  90-1,  Harris,  J.  F. 
91-3,  Van  Doren,  W.  H.  94-5,  Bayles,  J.  O.  95-1901,  Strohauer,  1902- 
1905,  Reynolds,  F.  T.  B.  1905-1911,  Fasten,  T.  C.  (S.S.)  1911-13,  Pas- 
tor, 1913-1919,  Bloodgood,  C.  E.  1920 

Spraker's,  N.Y.,  1858.  Wales,  59-61,  Bogardus,  N.  61-6,  Van  Zandt,  B. 
(S.S.)  67,  Van  Doren,  D.  K.  69-73,  Ackerman,  74-8,  Compton,  (S.S) 
78-83,  Elinor,  J.  84-5,  Thomson,  J.  A.  87-1902,  Campbell,  J.  B.  1905- 
1907,  supplies,  1907-1909,  Bedford,  C.  V.  W.  (S.S.)  1909-1911,  Eliason, 
H.  A.  (S.S.)  1912-1914,  pastor,  1914-17,  Scheengas,  C.  H.  1919-21. 

Spraker's  Basin,  (Westerlo,)  Montgomery  Co.,  N.Y.,  1790.  Toll,  1803-22, 
Labagh,  I.  (S.S.)  1823-7,  Van  Olinda,  1830-1,  Various  supplies.  Re- 
organized as  the  Church  of  Spraker's  1858. 

Spraker's  Basin  Secession,  1822.  Toll,  1822-1842.  See  Dailey  Hist.  Mont- 
gomery Classis  83. 

Spring  Creek,  Navarre,  Gary,  Minn.,  1902.  Supplied  by  Classis.  Hibma,  T. 
1921 .     See  Bejou,  Minn. 

Springfield.   1884.  see  Immanuel.   S.D. 

Spring  Garden.   1813,  see   Philadelphia,   Pa. 

Spring  Lake  (Manito),  Tazewell  Co.,  111.,  1854.  Bumstead,  56-62,  Gulick, 
A.  V.  66-72.  Gilmore.  73-81.  Force.  F.  A.  82-6.  Ziegler,  87-8,  Wyckoff, 
C.  S.  91-4,  Winter,  J.  P.  94-7,  Drake.  E.  A.  1897-1903,  Shafer,  Theo. 
1904-1907,  De.Tong,  P.  C.  1910-1912,  Shafer,  Theo.  1916-21. 

Spring  Lake,  Ottawa  Co.,  Mich.,  1870.  De  Pree,  Jas.  70-80,  Zwemer.  J.  F. 
79-3.  Joldersma.  84-6.  Kolyn.  86-8,  Hekhui.^,  G.  T.  88-91.  Zwemer.  A. 
91-8.  Hofifman.  B.  98-1902,  Nettinga.  S.  C.  1903-1909.  Frieling,  H.  1910- 
191 1,  Vander  Schaaf.  J.  J.  1912-1916,  Mollema,  H.  1917— — - 

Spring  Vallev,  West  New  Hempstead,  Kakiat,  Rockland  Co.,  N.Y.,  1865. 
Brock,  65-9.  Smith,  M'.  B.  69-71,  De  Witt,  R.  71-6.  Van  Pelt,  D.  77-8, 
Lansing.  J.  A.  (S.S.)  79.  Crispell.  C.  1879-1905,  P.E.  1905-1910,  Martin, 
J.    1905-1908.   Wyckoff,   A.   C.    1909 

Spring  Valley,  Maywood,  Ridgewood,  Bergen  Co.,  N.J.,  1882.  Graham, 
J.  E.  82-4,  supplied,  84-7,  Harris.  J.  F.  (S.S.)  87-90,  supplied,  1890-1919. 

Spring  \^alley.  111.,  1909,  see  Ustick,  III. 

Squampamuck,  1775.     Afterward  revived  in  the  Ch.  of  Ghent. 

Staatsburgh.  probablv  an  error  for  Stoutsburgh.  or  x'icc  7rrsa.  See  Hvde 
Park. 

Stanton.  (Alt.  Pleasant).  Hunterdon  Co.,  N.J.,  1833.  Van  Arsdale,  J.  R. 
35-50.  Doolittle.  H.  52-72,  Cornet.  72-6,  Martine,  76-82,  Pitcher.  C.  W. 
82-7,  Wcstvcer,  87-90,  Bolton,  90-5.  Bird,  1896-1903,  Westveer,  A.  1904- 
1909,  Goebel,  G.  A.  T.  1910-1916,  Muller.  E.  T.  1921 

Stapleton,   1851,  see  N.Y.C.,   Borough  of   Richmond. 

Staten   Island,   1680,  see   N.Y.C.,   Borough  of   Richmond. 

Steen.  Minn..  1914.  Classical  Missionary,  1914.  Bosch,  G.  1915-1921,  De 
Jonge.  A.  W.  1921 

Steinway,  1891,  see  N.Y.C..  Borough  of  Queens. 

Sterling.  N.Y.  (near  Aurelius).  (North  Sterling.  1855).  DeFraest.  D.  R. 
1825-1828.     See  Dailey  Hist,  of  Montgomery  Classis.   134  and   137. 

Stewart.sville.  Brown's  Station.  West  Hurley.  Ulster  Co..  N.Y..  1877.  Blau- 
velt.  C.  (S.S.)  77-9.  Staats,  B.  79-82.  Stanhorough,  82-5,  Bahler,  L.  H. 
85-7.  Zabriskie.  A.   A.    1900-1904.     Dropped   1909. 

Stickney.  Aurora.  S.D.,  see  Aurora. 

Stillwater.  .Sussex  Co.,  N.J.,  17 — .  Supplied  by  Wack,  C.  1782-1809,  and 
partly  by  Wack.  J.  J.  1798-1805,  reorganized  1814,  Van  Hook,  Miss,  to, 
1822,   (Presbyterian). 

StiHwater,  Saratoga  Co..  N.Y.,  (Sinthoick),  1789.  Paige,  W.  1793-1807, 
Froeligh,  P.  D.  1802-7. 

Stirling.  1824.     De  Fraest.  1825-8. 


710  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Stissick,  (Ger.),  1750.     See  New  and  Old  Stissing,  N.Y. 

Stissing.     See  Galatin,  N.Y. 

Stockport,  1843,  see  Ghent  2d,  N.Y. 

Stone  Arabia,  Fort  Plain,  N.Y.,  1711  (?).  Supplied  occasionally  by  Oehl, 
Schuyler  and  others.  1743-51;  Werring,  (or  Wernich),  1751,  Rosen- 
crantz,  1756-8.  1760-70,  Gros,  J.  D.  1790-80,  occasionally,  Peck,  D.  C. 
A.  1788-1800,  Labagh,  I.  180G-03,  Wack,  J.  J.  1805-27,  Morris,  J.  1827-9, 
Ketchum,  22-30,  Westfall,  38-44,  Jukes,  44-50,  Van  Liew,  J.  C.  50-56, 
Bogardus,  N.  57-8,  Van  Dyck,  L.  H.  61-7,  Compton,  68-72,  Van  Ben- 
schoten,  72-80,  Stanbrough,  81-5,  Thomson,  J.  A.  87-91,  Palmer,  C.  L. 
97-9,    supplies,    1900-1914,    Stanton,    R.    A.    1914-20,    Dickens,    \V.    H. 

1921 .      See   sketch,   Ch.    Int.,   July   31,    1845,   Fort   Plain   Register, 

March  '25,  1887,  Dailev  Hist.  Mont.  CI.,  88. 

Stone  Arabia,  (Ger),  1801  ?   Wall,  (or  Wack,  J.  J.),  1803? 

Stone  Arabia,  Independent,   1816.     Wack,  J.  J.   1816-27. 

Stone  Arabia.  (Lansingburgh),  1788? 

Stone  House  Plains,  Brookdale,  Essex  Co.,  N.J.,  1801.  Stryker,  P.  (S.S.) 
1801-9,  Durvee.  J.  (S.S.)  1805.  Stryker,  P.  10-14,  Duryee,  J.  (S.S.) 
14-18;  also  Van  Santvoord.  S.  (S.S.)  16-18,  Stryker,  P.  (S.S.)  18-26, 
Tarbell,  27-8,  Hillman,  30-41,  Hammond,  E.  S.  42-4.  Thomson,  W. 
45-6,  Quinn,  47-9,  Liddell,  49-50.  Wiseman,  (S.S.)  51-2,  Talmage,  P.  S. 
53-65,  Statesir,  66-72,  Kershow,  73-80,  Van  Fleet,  80-3,  See.  W.  G.  E. 
83-92,  Bogardus,  W.  E.  1892-1908.  Name  changed  to  Brookdale,  1903. 
See  Brookdale,  N.J.     Bogardus'  Centennial   Discourse,   1901. 

Stone  Ridge,  N.Y.,  known  as  Marbletown,  N.Y.,  1737-1915.  which  see. 
See  Lyonsville,  Krumville,  N.Y. 

Stout,  Par'kersburg,  la.,  1907.  Schaefer,  D.  (S.S.)  1902-1908 — paster,  1908- 
12,  Reeverts,  F.  1912 

Stoutenbergh,  or  Stoutsburgh,  now  Hyde  Park.     See  also  Staatsburgh. 

Strasbergh,  N.D.,  1917.  Classical  Missionary,  1917-1919.  Duiker,  R. 
1919 

Stuyvesant.  Columbia  Co.,  N.Y.,  1827.  Garretson,  J.,  Miss,  to,  26-7,  Heer- 
mance.  Henry,  Miss,  to,  27-8,  Cahoone,  Miss,  to,  28-9,  Cornell,  F.  F., 
Miss,  to,  30-1,  Garretson,  G.  I.  32-4,  Kittle.  35-46,  Nevius,  Elbert,  46- 
86,  Collier,  G.  Z.  86-9,  Furbeck,  G.  W.  90-8,  Rockefeller,  D.  G.  1898- 
1906,  Beaver,  J.  P.  1907-1908,  Luther,  M.  F.  1909-1912,  Schneegas,  C. 
H.  1913-1918,  Hock,  G.  C.  1920 -.     "Mag.  R.D.C."  ii.  57. 

Stuyvesant's  Bowerie,  1660.  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Stuyvesant  Falls,  Columbia  Co.,  N.Y.,  1859.  Bates,  60-1,  Swick,  61-3, 
Kip,  I.  L.  64-7,  supplied  by  Bogardus,  W.  E.  67-8,  Wells,  R.  68-71, 
Fowler,  74-80,  Schermerhorn,  H.  R.  81-2,  Van  Alen,  L.  (S.S.)  83,  Nev- 
ius, E.  (S.S.)  86-9,  Hieber.  92-3,  Hopper,  A.  W.  94-9,  Faber,  J.  P. 
1899-1901,  Van  Haagen.  H.  C.  1902-1904,  supplied,  1904-1913  Luther, 
M.  F.  1913-1916,  Howard,  J.  R.  1918-1920. 

Success,  L.L,  1730.  Disbanded,  1829,  the  church  of  North  Hempstead  tak- 
ing its  place.     See  pastors  under  North  Hempstead. 

Sully,  1888,  see  Bethany,  la. 

Sully,  la.,  1904.  Bruins,  B.  1905-1907,  Hoffman,  J.  1968-1911,  Deelsnyder, 
C.  W.  1914-1918. 

Summit,  1824,  see  Eminence.  N.Y. 

Summit,  Cook  Co.,  111.,  1899.     See  Chicago.  111. 

Sunnyside,  1896,  see  N.Y.C..  Borough  of  Queens. 

Sun  Prairie,  Dane  Co.,  Wis..  1843.     Slingerland,  1844-6. 

Sunshine  Chapel,  see  Collegiate  Church  Chapels,  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Man- 
hattan. 

Susquehannah,  Pa.,  1768.  Supplied  by  the  ministers  of  Conowago  and 
Hanover,  Pa. ;  which  see ;  also,  probably,  by  some  of  the  German 
Reformed  ministers  of  the  vicinity;  Grey,  Andrew,  1793-6,  Manley, 
Wm.  1 798- 1 800. 


THE    CHURCHES  /I  I 

Sujdam  St.,  see  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

Svea,   Minn.,    1886,  see  Roseland,   Minn. 

Swartstown.   1839. 

Syracuse,  Onondaga  Co.,  N.Y.,  1848.  Cornell,  J.  A.  H.  48-51,  Berry,  J.  R. 
51-7,  Talmage,  T.  D.  W.  59-62,  Elmendorf,  J.  62-5.  Searle,  Jer.  66-8, 
Berger.  69-75,  Van  Slyke.  E.  76-85,  Coddington,  W.  P.  (S.S.)  87-8, 
Mulford,  89-97,  Cole,  P.  H.  1897-1907,  Dobbs,  J.  F.  1908-1915,  Warren. 

U.  G.  1916-1920,  Bennett.  W.  L.  (S.S.)   1920-21.  Pastor.  1921 .     See 

Dailey  Hist.  Mont.  CI.,  98. 

Syracuse  2d,  1895.  Maar,  Chs.  95-9,  Mallery.  1899-1904,  Huyler.  E.  1905- 
1914.  Van  Dyck,  A.  S.  1915-21.  Kirkwood,  T.  J.  1922 .  See  Chris- 
tian Int.,  Dec.  10,  1902,  Dailey  Hist.  Mont.  CI.,  100. 

Syria.  Van  Dyck,  C.  V.  A.  1840-95,  Berry,  P.  1861-5.  See  "Anderson's 
Hist.  Missions  of  A. B.C. P.M.  to  Oriental  Churches"  and  Van  Dyck, 
C.  V.  A.  in  this  work. 

Taghkanick  (Livingston  Manor.  West  Copake),  Columbia  Co.,  N.Y.,  1758. 
(Name  changed  to  West  Copake.  Nov.  15.  1822).  Fryenmont,  1758-70, 
supplied  four  times  a  year  by  Gebhard.  1777-97,  occasionally  by  Living- 
ston. J.  H.  1779-81.  by  Lansing.  N.  1781-4;  Romeyn,  J.  1788-93.  Labagh, 
L  1799-1800;  Vedder.  H.  1803-47,  Murden,  47-50,  Lyall,  Wm.  51-65, 
Mills,  G.  A.  66-70,  Church,  70-7,  Garretson,  J.  C.  77-91.  Furbeck,  P. 
92-7,  Compton,  W.  E.  97-1902,  Randolph,  E.  T.  F.  1903-1906.  Harris,  D. 
T.  1907-1916. 

Tainter,  la.,  see  Bethlehem,  la. 

Talmage  Memorial,  1891,  see  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Tappan.  Rockland  Co.,  N.Y..  1694.  Supplied  by  Bertholf,  G.  1694-1724, 
also  occasionally  by  Du  Bois,  G.,  and  Ritzema ;  Muzelius,  1726-49,  Ver- 
bryck,  1750-84,  Lansing,  N.  1784-1835,  Cole,  L  (S.S.)  29-31,  pastor, 
31-2.  and  33-64.  Bla'uvelt.  G.  M.  S.  64-82,  Williamson,  W.  H.  83-9, 
Oliver.  90-1902.  Compton.  W.  E.   1902-1910,   Lewis,   H.  A.    1911-1919, 

Conklin,   M.   T.    1920 .     See  "Ch.   Iiit.,"   Mar.    17,    1881.— Rev.   Dr. 

David  Cole's  "Hist,  of  Church  of  Tappan,"  1894.     See  Orange. 

Tappan.  Secession.  1825.     Lansing.  J.  V.  S.  1826. 

Tarrytown,  (Philipsburgh) ,  Westchester  Co.,  N.Y.,  1697.  Supplied  by 
Bertholf,  G.  1697-1724,  occasionally  by  G.  Du  Bois,  1699-1750,  Boel, 
I7I3-54'  ^y  Ritzema,  1744-76;  Van  Voorhees,  1785-8,  Jackson,  J.  F. 
1791-1806,  Smith.  T.  G.  1808-37.  Du  Bois,  Geo.  38-44,  Wilson,  Jos.  45-9, 
Ferris,  J.  M.  49-51.  (Schenck.  J.  W.  49-51),  Stewart,  52-66,  Thomp- 
son, J.  B.  66-9.  Allen.  J.  K.  1870-1920.  P.E.  1920 ,  Scholten.  W.  A. 

1921 .     See  "Ecc.  Rcc.  N.Y."    "Doc.  Hist."  iii.  76.     "Stewart's  Hist. 

of";  and  "Two  Hundredth  Annivensary  of  the  Old  Dutch  Church  of 
Sleepy  Hollow."  J 897.  See  also  Dr.  Cole's  Translation  of  the  Rec- 
ords of  this  Church,  with  Registers  of  Members.  Officers.  Baptisms  and 
Marriages.  1901. 

Tarrytown  2d.  1851.  Ferris.  J.  ^^.  51-4.  Todd,  J.  A.  55-86,  Knox.  Tabor, 
87-9,  Thomas.  E,.  E.  89-94,  Mabon.  A.  1895-1910.  Hageman,  G.  R.  1910- 
1913.  Boeve.  L.  1914 

Teaneck.  N.  L.  Smith  Memorial.  Communitv  (Bogota).  1922.  Shield, 
F.  K.  (Sr!).  (S.S.)   1922 

Teashok    (Tiossiock.   Tiashoke,   Tyashoke).     Now   Buskirk's   Bridge.   N.Y. 

Thayer.  1894.  see  DcMotte.  Ind. 

Thirteenth  Place.  1853.  see  Chicago.  111. 

Thirty-fourth  St..  1895.  see  N.Y.C..  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Thomas.  Okl..  1906.  Clowe.  C.  W.  1906-1907,  Waters,  S.  A.  1908,  Scud- 
der.  L.  W.  1908-12.     Dismissed  to  Presbyterian  Church.  North,  1911. 

Thompson's  Lake,  see  Berne,  2d.  N.Y. 

Thousand  Isles.  Jefferson  Co..  N.Y..  1851.  Davenport.  Miss.  to.  47-50,  Du 
Bois,  A.  50-4.  Rockwell.  Geo.  54-77.  De  Vries.  77-82.  Lawrence,  E.  C. 


712  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

82-8,  Evans,  C.  P.  (S.S.)  89,  Collier,  G.  Z.  90-6,  Van  Hee,  Is.  97-i?oi, 
Benjamin,  1002-1922.  See  "Rockwell's -Hist.  Discourse,"  1874.  Dailey 
Hist,  of  Mont.  CI.,  loi. 

Three  Bridges.  Hunterdon  Co.,  N.J.,  1874.  Oakey,  P.  D.  (S.fe.)  73-6, 
Lane,  (S.S.)  77-80,  Birdsall,  80-4,  Hill,  Eugene,  85-90,  Voorhees,  O. 
M.  1891-1903,  White,  B.  F.  1904-1910,  Kalemjian,  M.  N.  191 1 

Three  Mile  Run.  Middlesex  Co.,  N.J.,  1703.  This  church  was  continued 
at  this  place  for  about  half  a  century.  The  churches  of  Six  Mile  Run, 
1710,  and  New  Brunswick,  1717,  finally  superseding  it.  It  was  sup- 
plied, occasionally,  by  Frelinghuysen,  T.  J.  1720-48,  by  Arondeus 
(Conferentie),  1747-54,  and  by  John  Frelinghuysen.  1750-4.  The  Ten- 
nents  and  other  Presbyterian  ministers  occasionally  officiated  here. 
See  "Corwin's  Millstone  Centennial."  1866,  p.  29;  "Steele's  Hist. 
Disc,"  1867;  "Messler's  Hist.  Notes."  Many  references  in  "Ecc.  Rec. 
N.Y." 

Three  Oaks,  Mich.,  1883.  Dangremond,  Gerrit,  (S.S.)  85-9,  Fnehng,  H. 
98-9,  Kriekaard,  C.  1899-1905,  Vanden  Bosch,  T.  M.  1907-1910,  Klooster, 
F.  1910-1913 .  Furda,  E.  1915-17,  Te  Paske,  J.  W.  1918 

Thule,  1886,  see  Van  Raalte.  S.D. 

Thumansville,    1856,   now   Callicoon,   N.Y. 

Tiashoke,  see  Buskirk's  Bridge. 

Tillaborough,  Fulton  Co.,  N.Y..  1767.  This  church  never  had  a  settled 
pastor,  but  occasional  supplies.  It  has  been  extinct  except  for  a  legal 
fiction  since  1865.     See  Dailey  Hist.  Mont.  CI.,  128. 

Tillson,  N.Y.,  see  Rosendale  Plains,   N.Y.,   1897. 

Timmonsville,  S.C,  1903  (Zion).  Spaan,  M.  C.  1903-1911,  Wilkinson,  A. 
J.    (S.S.)    1912 

Tindevanam.  1876,  see  India. 

Tioga,  see  Union. 

Tiossiock,  now  Buskirk's  Bridge,  N.Y. 

Titonka,  1886,  see  Ram.say,  la. 

Tokyo,  1869,  see  Japan. 

Tompkinsville  or  Brighton  Heights,  1823,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Rich- 
mond. 

Tompkinsviile  2d,   (Ger.),  i860.     Ditto. 

Tong-an,  1895,  see  China. 

Toronto,   1806,  see  Canada. 

Totowa,  1st,  1755,  see  Paterson,  N.J. 

Totowa,  2d,  1827,  see  Paterson.  N.J. 

Tottenville.  1855.  see  N.Y.C..  Borough  of  Richmond. 

Trenton,  Mercer  Co.,  N.J.,  1841.     Wack,  C.  P.  1841-4. 

Trinitv,  1869,  see  Newark.  N.J. 

Trinity,  1887,  see  Plainfield,  N.J. 

Trinity,    1891,   see   Chicago,   111. 

Trinity,  1892,  see  Amsterdam.  N.Y. 

Trinity,   1904,   see  Wortendyke,   N.J. 

Trinity,   1907,  see  East  Belfast.  Maine.  | 

Trinity,  1908.  see  West  New  York.  N.J. 

Trinity,  1908,  see  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 

Trinity,   1911,  see  Holland,  Mich. 

Trinity,  see  Orange  City,  la..  1919. 

Trinity.  1919,  see  N.Y.C..  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Trov,  N.Y.,  see  Blooming  Grove,  N.Y. 

Tulsa.  Okl..  1908.    Hunter  J.  B.  1908.    Whitacre,  H.  W.  1909. 

Turner.  1882,  see  Van  den  Berg,  S.  D. 

Tuscarora,  Schuylkll  Co.,  Pa.,  1797.  Gray,  A.  1797-1819,  Dumont,  Miss,  to, 
1829-30. 

Tuscarora,  Livingston  Co.,  N.Y.,  1810. 

Twelfth  St.,  Brooklyn,  1850,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 


THE    CHURCHES 


715 


Twin  Brooks.  S.D..  1914.     Dragt.  J.  T.   (S.S.)    1917 

Twin  Lakes.  Kalamazoo.  Holland.  Muskegon  Co..  Mich..  1875.  Dangre- 
mond.  G.  79-84.  Classical  Missionaries,  1884-1903.  John.  C.  C.  A^  L. 
1903-1909,  Douma.  R.  W.  1914-1917,  Cook,  M.  1918-1919,  Vandcn  Heu- 

vel,  A.  J.  1920 

Two  Rivers.  III.  (station).     Wilson.  C.  D..  Miss,  to,  1867-77. 
Tyashoke,  or  Tiossiock.  now  Biiskirk's  Bridge. 

Tyndall.   S.D.,   1910.     Avon.   S.   D..   Classical   Missionary.   1910 

Tyre,  Malcolm,  Waterloo.  Clyde.  Seneca  Co.,  N.Y.,  1836.  Gray,  W.  1839- 
46,  Compton,  47-50.  Van  Arsdale,  J.  R.  50-64,  Whitbeck.  R.  M.  64-8, 
Blauvclt.  C.  supplied.  70.  Buckelew.  71-6.  Van  Doren,  J.  H.  76-82,  Cole, 
S.  T.  82-4,  Ruhle,  85-7,  Gulick.  J.  88-91,  Roe.  S.  91-2.  Van  Blarcom[ 
95-6,  Rcderus.  S.  96-1901,  Boughton,  C.  M.   (S.S)    1905-22. 

Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.    Consisting  of  the  churches  of  Rochester.  Marbletown.  and 
Wawarsing.    which    were    chartered   as    one    corporation.    1766.      "Doc. 
Hist.   N.Y."  iii.    (4to  ed.),  6on.     "Smith's  N.Y.,"  308.     "Col.   Hist"  ii 
592. 
Ulster  Park.  1791.  see  Esopus,  N.Y. 

Unadilla,  Otsego  Co..  N.Y..  1794.    Also  church  of  "Union,"  1794. 
Union,    (at  Tioga.   Broome  Co.,   N.Y.     "M.G.S."  i.  448,   Chenango),   1794. 
Cornehson.  J.   Miss,  to,   1794.     Became   Presbyterian   about    1S24.     See 
Dailey  Hist,  of  Mont.  CI.,   117. 

Union   (near  Chenango),  N.Y.     See  Dailey  Hist,  of  Montgomery  CI.,  117. 

Union,  Alontgomery  Co.,  N.Y.  (Johnstown),  1809.  Palmer.  S.  (S.S.) 
1809-18.  Van  Vechten.  S..  Miss,  to,  23-4,  Vanderveer,  J.,  Miss,  to,  23, 
Van  Ohnda,  Miss.  to.  24.  DuMont,  Aliss.,  26.  See  Dailey  Hist.  Mont- 
gomery CI.,  117. 

Union,  1821,  see  Amsterdam.  N.Y. 

Union,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  1825.  (New  Scotland,  Delmar,  Jerusalem). 
Boice,  I.  C.  26-9.  Fort.  30-6,  Westfall,  37-47,  Jones.  D.  A.  48-50.  Mur- 
den,  50-4,  Compton.  54-60.  Gulick.  A.  V.  60-4,  Ballagh,  W.  H  65-8 
Demarest.  Wm.  71-4,  Compton.  75-8.  Alillspaugh.  78-85,  Scarlett,  J.  85- 
93.  Beekman,  T.  A.  1893-1902  Lehman.  E.  V.  W.  1902-1909,  McLond, 
N.  (S.S.)  1910-1913.  Van  Ess.  Jacob  (S.S.)   1914-21. 

Union,   1848.   see   Delmar.   N.Y. 

Union.  1874,  see  High  Bridge.  N.Y.C..  Borough  of  Bronx. 

Union  Reformed.  1879,  see  Paterson,  N.J. 

Union,  1907.  see  Edgerton.  Minn. 

Union,  Secession,  (at  Amsterdam.)    1822.     Palmer,  1822-9. 

Union  Village,  1803,  see  Nassau.  N.Y. 

Union  Village.  Greenwich,  Washington  Co.,  N.Y..  1812.  Duryee.  P  H 
1812-14.  Christie,  Jas.  1815-18.  Durvee,  P.  H.  i8i8-20.Fonda.  I  D 
20-35.  Van  Zandt.  B.  36-42,  Morris.  H.  43-8.  Marvin,  48-55,  Van  Sant- 
yoord,  C.  55-8.  Steele.  J.  58-65.  Cochran.  A.  G.  (S.S.)  65-67,  Van 
Home.  D.  67-8.  Hoyt.  A.  S.  68-71.  Smart,  72-81,  Mills,  B.  Fav,  81-3, 
Shafer.  Th.  84-5,  Scoville.  86-1921. 

Unionville.  Neperan.  Hawthorne.  Westchester  Co.,  N.Y.,  1818  Smith  T 
G.  1820-37.  Maule.  37-9,  Robb.  (S.S.)  39.  Moore.  W.  S.  40-50  See  f  L 
50-4,  Moore.  W^  S.  56-64,  Bogardus,  W.  E.  65-7,  Bertholf.  T.  H  67-9 
Van  Dyke.  L.  H.  70-6,  Harris.  H.  76-83.  W^essels,  84-7,  Mattice.  88-9, 
Jongeneel,  Jas.  90-5.  Kuiper,  Alb.  1896-1905,  Harris,  H.  1906-1900, 
Forbes.  J.  C  1910-1918.  Black.  J.  1918 

Unionville,  (Claraville.  Upper  Neversink.  Grahamville).  Sullivan  Co  NY. 
1849.  Bernart.  51-6.  Jones.  D.  A.  ^8-63,  Hammond.  J.  W.  63-7  'Turn- 
er. (S.S.)  67-72.  vacant.  72-7.  Alilliken.  R.  P.  (S.S.)  77-83,  Lane,  G. 
85-8.  Coombs.  90-3.  Ruhl.  95-1898.  Hauser,  G.  1905-1906. 

Unity,  1918,  see  Muske.gon.  Mich. 

Upper  Community  Ridgewood,  see  Upper  Ridgewood  Community. 


714  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Upper  Montclair,  1897,  see  Montclair  Heights,  N.J. 

Upper   Neversink,   1849,   see   Unionville,    N.Y. 

Upper  Red  Hook,  (St.  John's),  Dutchess  Co.,  N.Y.,  1788.  (See  Rhine- 
beck,  Ger.  1715,  and  Red  Hook  Landing).  De  Witt,  P.  1788-91, 
Romeyn,  Jer.  1794-1806,  Kittle,  1807-33,  Thompson,  F.  B.  1834-6, 
Hangen,  1837-40,  Ward,  1841-5,  Johnson,  J.  G.  1846-70,  Myers,  H.  V.  S. 
1871-4,  Scudder,  Jos.  1875-6,  Scudder,  E.  C.  77-85,  Lydecker,  G.  S.  86- 
98,  Maar,  1900-1903,  Clapp,  E.  1904-1913,  Mulford,  H.  D.  B.  1913-1918, 
Smith,  C.  B.   (S.S.)    1919,  Pastor,  1921 

Upper  Ridgewood  Community,  N.J.',  1917.     Terhune,  J.  A.  1917 

Upper  Schoharry,  1732.  see  Middleburgh,  N.Y. 

Upper  Walpack,  Bingham's  Ferry.  Pa.,  1862,  see  Walpack.  Upper. 

Ustick,  Morrison,  Spring  Valley,  Fulton  Co.,  111.,  1909.  Roetman,  Z.  1909- 
1912,  Kruys-Voorberge,  J.  P.  J.  1912-1918.  Wynveen,  B.  J.  1918-21. 

Utica,  Oneida  Co.,  N.Y.,  1830.  Labagh,  J.,  Miss,  to,  1827-31,  Bethune,  31-4/ 
Mandeville,  H.  34-41,  Knox,  J.  P.  41-4,  Wiley,  46-50,  Fisher,  G.  H. 
55-9,  Knox,  Chas.  E.  (S.S.)  60-2,  Vermilye,  A.  G.  63-71,  Hartley,  71- 
89,  Root,  Oren,  89-94,  Crispell,  P.  94-1902,  Root,  Oren  (S.S.)  1902-1904, 
Holden,  L.  H.  1904-21,  Hospers,  H.  O.  1921 ■.  Dailey  Hist.  Mont- 
gomery CI.,   103.     "Mag.   R.D.C."  ii.  319.     See  Flats. 

Uyeda,  1876,  see  Japan. 

Valley  Springs,  S.D.,  1917.    Classical  Missionary.    DeLange,  T.  L.  1919 

Valley  Stream,  L.I.r  N.Y.,  1913.     Fischer,  J.  W.  (Jr.)   1913-1915. 

Vanden  Berg,  Turner  Co.,  S.D.,  1882.  (Known  also  as  Turner,  Holland, 
and  Hooker).  Warnshuis,  H.  W^  82-91,  Nickerson,  91-6,  Miedema, 
96-9,  classical  missionary,  1897-1903.     Dropped  1903. 

Vanderveer,  Morgan  Co.,  Ill,  1841.  Hillman.  1841-2,  Schultz,  J.  N.  1843-7, 
Westfall,  S.  V.  E.  1853.  Ayres,  1854-6. 

Van  Nest,  see  Peekskill.  N.Y. 

Van  Raalte,  (La  Grace,  Thule),  S.D.,  1886.  Zwemer,  F.  J.  87-92,  Har- 
meling,  S.  J.  93-4,  classical  missionary,  1894-1902.     Dropped  1905. 

Van  Vorst,  ist,  1846,  see  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Van  Vorst,  1909,  see  Jersey  City.  N.'j. 

Y'eddersburgh,  Montgomery  Co.,  N.Y.,  1799.  Ten  Eyck,  C.  1803-4.  I"  1812 
became  Presbyterian. 

Vellore,   1853,  see   India. 

Vermilye  Chapel,  1890,  see  N.Y.C.,  Manhattan. 

Vermilye  Memorial,  Colony,  Lawton,  Okl.,  1907.  Legters,  L.  L.  1907-10, 
Sluvters,  H.  1911-13,  Baxter,  J.  H.  1913,  Dykema,  I.  1913-15,  Harper, 
R.  H.  1915 

Vesper,  Arpin,  Wis.,  1917.    Voorberge,  J.  P.  J.  K.  1918-21. 

Virgin  Islands,  see  West  Indies. 

Visscher's  Ferry,   1802,  see  Amity,  N.Y. 

Vogel  Centre,  Missaukee  Co.,  ]\Hch.,  1890.  Venema,  S.  92-1900,  Classical 
Missionary,   1900-1901.     Disbanded   1907. 

Volga,  Brookings  Co.,  S.D..  1904.     Grull,  J.  D.  1911-1917. 

Voorheesville,  N.Y.,  see  Clarksville,  N.Y.,  New  Salem,  N.Y. 

Vriesland,  Ottawa  Co.,  Mich.,  1851.  This  ch.  was  organized  as  a  ch.  inde- 
pendent of  the  State  Ch.,  in  the  Neths.  Nov.  19,  1846.  It  emigrated  as 
a  body,  with  its  pastor.  Rev.  M.  A.  Ypma,  in  1847,  beginning  its  regu- 
lar services  at  Vriesland.  Mich.,  in  August  of  that  year.  Joined 
R.C.A.  1850.  Pastors:  Ypma.  1847-52,  Zwemer,  A.  58-68,  Uiterwyck, 
69-72,  De  Pree,  P.  72-82,  Niemeyer,  G.  84-86,  Vander  Ploeg,  87-90, 
De  Jonge,  G.  1890-1912,  Mollema,  H.  1912-1917,  Vandenberg,  A.  1918- 
20,  Duven.  M.  J.  1921 .    See  "Hist,  of  Ottawa  Co.,  Mich.,"  p.  108. 

Wakonda,  1886,  see  Olive  Leaf,  S.D. 

Walden,  Orange  Co.,  N.Y.,  1835.     Scribner,  J.  M.  39-41,  Whitehead,  Chas. 


THE    CHURCHES  715 

42-9.  Schoonmaker,  M.  \'.  49-88,  Demarest.  \V.   H.   S.  88-97,  Schorap, 

1897-1911,   Sizoo,  J.   R.    1911-1917,   Bayles,   T.   F.    1917 .     See  55th 

Anniversary.  1893.     See  Berea. 

\\'aldensian  Congregation,  see  N.Y.C..  Borough  of  Alaiihattan. 

^^■aIci\vick.  X.  T.,  1907.  MacCready,  R.  H.  (S.S.)  1912-1913,  \'an  Kampen, 
I.  (S.S.)  1915 

W'allkill.  now  Montgonicrv. 

Wallkill  \'alley,  Wallkill.'  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1869.  Lippincott,  72-7.  De- 
Witt,  R.  77-89.  Conklin,  M.  T.  90-1900.  Vandermeulen.  John  1901-1903, 
Maar,   Chas.    1903-1907.  Verwey.  D.   G.    1908-1916.   Deilotts.   G.   1916- 

1921.  Kanter,   H.   1921 .     See  Grahamville,   Xew   Hurley.   Shawan- 

gunk.  X.J. 

Walloons.  "Doc.  Hist.  X.Y."  i.  23.     "Brodhead's  X.Y.."  see  Index. 

Walpack,  Lower.*  Monroe  Co..  Pa..  1737,  Flatl)rookvil]o.  (Consisting  of 
two  congregations.  Bushkill  and  Walpack).  Supplied  occasionally  by 
Mancius.  1737-41.  Freyenmoct.  1741-56,  also  Rosencrantz.  1745-6. 
Romeyn,  T.  1760-72.  Yan  Bunschooten.  1785-99.  Force,  1808-27,  De- 
mund,  27-9.  Cushing.  (S.S.)  31-2.  Schanck,  G.  C.  34-5.  Hyndshaw,  36-9, 
Pitts.  41-60,  McWilliam.  (S.S.)  Oct.  60-1,  June;  pastor.  61-70.  Shaw. 
70-7.  Rex.  78-87,  Whittakcr.  92-1900.  Beale.  J.  R.  (S.S.)  1904-1905. 
Schinitz,  Wm.  1909-1016.  Langwith.  F.  A.  1918-192C. 

AYalpack,  Lower.  1827.  This  church  was  organized  on  account  of  trouble 
growing  out  of  a  case  of  discipline :  but  the  parties  soon  agreeing,  the 
new  organization  was  disbanded. — "Mints.   CI.   Xew  Brunswick."   1827. 

Walpack.   Cpper,   Pike   Co..   Pa..   1862.      (Consisting  of   two  congregations, 

Dingman's    Ferry   and    Peter's    Valley).      Jones,    X.    W.    (S.S.)    61-2, 

Garretson,  G.  S.  63-83.  Allen.  J.  M.  87-92.  Myles.  96-1900.  Grull.  J.  D. 

1903-1905. 

See  "Dr.  Mills'  Hist.  Discs,  of  Walpack,"  1874,  and  "Port  Jervis."  1878. 

Wanaque.  Passaic  Co.^  X.J..  1899.  Walter  A.  J.,  student  pastor,  1898-99, 
Scudder,  E.  C.  1901-1903.  Staats.  B.  B.  1905-1907,  Depue.  F.  E.  1907- 
191 1,  Deck,  H.  A.  1916-1919,  Huizer,  J.  (S.S.)  1919-21,  Van  Dyck, 
Alex.  S.  1921 

Warren.  1829.  see  Henderson.  X'.Y. 

Warren.  Somerset  Co..  X.Y.  (Ger.)  1855.  (Had  before  been  an  independent 
Lutheran  Church.)  Friedel.  55  Oerter.  56-8,  Xeef,  (S.S.)  58-60.  pastor. 
60-4,  Wolff.  65-6.  Schnellendreussler.  69-70.     Xozc  Coin/rcf/atioiial. 

Warren  Co..  X.Y.  (stations.)     Stryker.  H.  B..  Miss.  to.  1822-3. 

Warwarsing,  see  Wawarsing. 

Warwick.  Orange  Co..  X.Y..  1750.  [Organized  as  a  Presbyterian  Ch. ; 
Elmer.  Jonathan.  1750-4.  Parkhurst.  Samuel.  1762-8.  Lewis.  Amzi.  1772- 
7.  Joline.  John.  1795-1802.]  Organized  as  a  Refd.  Dutch  Church.  1804. 
Hardenbergh.  C.  1804-8.  Christie.  J.  L  12-35.  ^  an  Keuren,  36-7.  Stew- 
art, J.  W.  38-42.  Vanderveer.  F.  H.  42-76.  Carroll.  \'.  B.  76-86,  Cris- 
pell.  P.  87-93.  Knox.  Taber.  1894 

Washington.   1814.  and  Gibbonsville,   see  Watervliet. 

Washington,  111..  1847.     Schultz,  J.  N.  1849-51. 

Washington.  Ackley.  Hardin  Co.,  la..  1880.  Schuelke.  80-91.  Krueger, 
H.  T.  92-8,  De  Beer.  J.  1899-1903,  Schaefer.  J.  1903-191 1,  Bruns.  F.  H. 
1912-1915.  Bonte,  G.  W.  1917 

Washington  Heights,  1843.  see  X.Y.C..  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

AVaterford.  (Halfmoon.)  Saratoga  Co..  X.Y..  1771.  Lupton,  1788-9,  Close. 
179. -1804.  Dwight.  22-6.  Labagh.  I.  P.  27-30.  Schoonmaker,  R.  L.  32- 
6,  Slingerland.  36-7,  Lockhead.  38-9,  Whitbeck,  41-3,  Dickson,  49-52, 
ScTioonmaker.  R.  L..  52-6.  \'an  Brunt,  57-61. 

•Lower  Walpack,  with  its  two  congreg-ations,  viz..  Buslikill  and  Wal- 
pack, and  Upper  Walpack  with  its  two  congregations,  viz.,  Dingman's 
Ferry  and  Peter's  Valley,  are  one  civil  corporation. 


7l6  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Waterloo,  1851.    Rockwell,  G.  51-4,  Abell,  56-7. 

Waterloo,  1905,  see  Tyre,  N.Y. 

Watervliet,  N.Y.  The  town  of  Watervliet  was  erected  in  1788.  After 
much  contraction  name  was  changed  to  Calonie,  1896.  Watervliet  City 
was  made  from  Village  of  West  Troy  in  1896 .     See  West  Troy. 

Waupun,  Fon  du  Lac  Co.,  Wis.,  1887.  Ihrman,  87-91,  Meulendyke,  Josiah, 
1892-1902,  De  Jong  (De  Young),  A.  1903-1910,  Hollebrands,  J.  J.  1910- 
1918.  Walvoord,  Wm.  C.  1918-22.     See  Alto. 

Wawarsing  (Wawassink,)  Naponoch,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.  Before  1741.  Sup- 
plied by  Mancius  1740?  by  Fryenmoet,  1745-51,  Frelinghuysen,  J.  called, 
1753-  but  died,  Frelinghuysen,  H.  1756-7,  Romeyn,  D.  1766-77,  Harden- 
bergh,  J.  R.  1782-6,  Van  Home,  Ab.  1789-95,  Mandeville,  G.  1797-1801, 
Westervelt,  R.  1802-8,  Murphy,  14-25,  Hutton,  M.  S.,  Miss,  to,  2y-'&,. 
Hoffman,  A.,  Miss,  to,  28-9,  Switz,  29-35,  Dnryea,  J.  H.  37-9,  Ward,  J. 
W.  39-41,  Demarest,  Jas.  (Sr. )  42-8,  Quackenbush,  49-51,  Lente,  52-4, 
Williamson,  N.  D.  55-61,  Van  Vlcck,  John,  62-4,  Swick,  64-9,  Talmage,. 
J.  R.  69-74,  Bell,  74-81,  Lydecker.  G.  D.  82-91,  Van  Oostenbrugge,  C.  91- 
1900,  Sciple,  C.  M.  1908-1914,  Terwilliger,  F.  E.  (S.S.)  1915. 

Wayne  St.,  see  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Weehawken,  1843,  see  New  Durham,  N.J. 

Weehawken,  1853,  see  North  Bergen,  N.J. 

Weehawken,  see  West  Hoboken,  N.J. 

Weehawken,  see  West  New  York,  N.J.,  Trinity. 

Weehawken,  see  Wood-Cliff-on-Hudson,  N.J. 

Weehawken — Italian  Mission. 

Weisersdorp,  see  Schoharie,  N.Y. 

Wellsburg,  Grundy  Co.,  la.,  1897.  Theilken,  1899-1908,  again,  1910-1914,. 
Landsiedcl,  Wm.  1916 

West  Albany,  see  Lisha's  Kill,   N.Y. 

West  Branch,  1877,  see  Sioux  Centre,  and  Orange  City,  la. 

West  Camp,  N.Y.,  1710.  (See  Camp  and  East  Camp).  The  Palatines  oni 
the  west  of  the  Hudson,  most  of  whom  had  moved  during  the  years 
1712-30,  back  from  the  banks  of  the  river  at  West  Camp,  a  mile  or 
two,  to  the  Kingston  Commons,  seem  to  have  been  worshipping  on  the 
Kats  Baan  in  1730,  and  in  1732  built  the  stone  church  there.  On  the 
arrival  of  Mancius  he  begins  his  records  by  speaking  of  the  "congre- 
gation worshipping  on  the  Kaats  Baan"  and  calls  himself  "their  at 
that  time  pastor."  This  congregation  seems  to  have  comprised  the 
whole  Palatine  colony,  both  Reformed  and  Lutheran,  for  with  thi* 
beginning  of  the  Katsbaan  records  those  of  West  Camp  cease  until 
1765,  three  years  after  the  death  of  Mancius,  when  they  begin  as  those 
of  a  Lutheran  church.  Supplied  by  Kocherthal,  1710-19,  Haegar,  J.  F. 
1710-21.  Falckncr,  Justus,  1720-3,  Falckner,  ■  Daniel,  1724-..  See 
Kaatsban.  In  1718  Kocherthal  and  Haegar  reported  conjointly  the 
.  number  of  families  in  their  charge.  The  people  of  West  Camp  did 
not  wait  for  a  church-building  to  be  erected  by  the  Government,  (see 
East  Camp),  but  built  one  immediately  for  the  conjoint  use  of  Luther- 
ans and  Reformed.  See  Mancius. — "Doc.  Hist.  N.Y."  iii.  382-392. 
Also  "Gordon's  Life  of  Ostrander,"  38.  Saugerties  Post,  April  12, 
1901. 

West  Church,  see  Newark,  N.J. 

West  Copake,  1758,  see  Taghkanic,  N.Y.  Name  of  Taghkanic  since  Nov. 
15,  1882. 

West  Coxsackie,  N.Y.,  see  Coxsackie,  ist. 

West  End,  1868,  see  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

West  End  Avenue  Collegiate,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

West  End,  Port  Jervis,  N.J.,  1896.  This  Church  was  known  as  Port  Jervis 
2d  until  1915.  Harris,  D.  T.  97-9,  Forbes,  1900-1906,  Appel,  J.  B.  1906- 
1909,  Campbell,  J.  B.  1909-1911,  Boynton,  A.  B.  1913-1919,  Emerick,  I 
P.  1920. 


THE    CHURCHES  77- 

West  Copake,  1758,  see  Taghkanic,  N.Y. 

West  End,  1868,  see  Jersey  City,  NJ. 

Westerlo,  1790,  see  Sprakers  Basin,  NY 

^^'''Isi°'x-^^J''''  ^'hester)  Albany  Co.,  N.Y..  1793.  Center,  Miss,  to 
1823,  \anderveer,  ].,  Miss,  to,  23,  Van  Vechten,  S.,  Miss,  to  2^4 
\  an  Keuren,  Miss,  to,  24,  Fort,  22-31,  Wilson  Jos.  32-4,  Slingerland 
34-6,  Gosman,  b.  S.  36-8,  Chittenden,  39-40,  Cornell,  J.  A.  H  41-V 
Robertson  S  43-8,  Bogardus,  N.  49-50,  Demarest,  W.  50-4, 'Dver 
56-61,  Furbeck  62-7,  Westveer,  68-9,  Bogardus.  F.  M.  69-72,  Pitcher; 
J.  H.  ,3-6  Buckelew,  76-9,  Cole,  S.  T.  79-82,  Falckner,  W.  E.  86,  Kin- 
ney C.  W  89-91,  Bryant,  J.  P.  1906-1908,  Boyce,  D.  (S.S.)  1913-16 
Pastor  1916 /     y  o  1". 

Western  ^Ik,tment    of   Kingsborough,    i»i6,   see   Johnstown,    Montgomery 

})>^t  %i"S'  1839,  see  X.Y.C..  Borough  of  The  Bronx 

wf  !I^'  H  °^««""g"^'i?ts-  1850    s^e  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Richmond. 
W  estheld,  1886,  see  Hope.  N.D. 

West  Hoboken,  Weehawken  Hudson  Co.,  N.J.  (Chapel  of  the  Grove 
Church.  1895-1902).  Ackert,  95-1900,  Dawson,  1901-1912,  Bush  B  T 
T^'^'^r'  P'  ^'^^'''  J-  1917-1919,  Caton,  J.  C.  1920-—  Assistants' 
Wdls    C.  E.  1913-1916,  Luidens,  A.   (Charles  St.  Chapel).  1916-  918 

oi^t^o' n*o^-i-;  "t°^'aV  ''''^-      ^^^'^'^''    St.    Chape'l.)      Luiden's     A. 
I9ie-i9i9,  Doughty,  J.  W.  1919 

West  Hurley,  Woodstock,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1848.  Supplied  by  Gulick  A 
47-54.  pastor,  54-9^  Case.  60-5.  Van  Doren,  D.  K.  67-9.  Blauvelt  C  t" 
69-79.  Staats,  B^  B.  79-82,  Van  Doren,  W.  H.  83-4.  Stanbrough,  8^3' 
Bahler,  L.  H.  96-7.  Park.  C.  (S.S.)  1901-1904.  Luther,  M.  F.  1905-19^6 
f:^T'^{  ^-  J906-1910,  Clowe,  C.  W.,  1912-1913,  Brink,  H.  wf  19^4- 
1919,   JNicnoIas,  J.   F.   1920 

West  Hurley,  see  Stewartville. 

West  Indies,  Abeel,  D.;  Miss,  to,  1828-9,  again  1836-7. 

^"^^^  S'oL-'''n'""^"^--^''"/ir'''^'"'  ^-  '7-;-92.  The  Danish  Government 
took  possession  of  the  property  after  the  church  was  disbanded 
Ihis  property  was  set  apart  as  a  permanent  fund  for  the  benefit 
ot  the  descendants  of  those  who  were  members  of  the  church  at 
the  time  of  its  dissolution  and  it  is  thus  administered 
Ihe  Government  sent  its  silver  communion  sot  to  the  church  of  St 
Ihomas.  where  it  yet  remains. 

St.  John.  17       Knevels....     Was  extinct  in  1828.     Dr.  Anson  Du  Bois 

o^St^^^Thomrr  *^'''^*  ^'""'"^  ^^^  ''^'''''^'  °*'  S^-  -^^^'^  ^°  *^^  "''^"^ 
St.   Thomas    about    i66c.      [Oliandus.    1685-8;     (pastors'   names   gcner- 

dan  ;'6^??"^.''"Vrw''-^''^J"  Copenhagen,  and  also  in  Amster- 
dam, 16^8-1,33;  Christian  Strumphias  was  laboring  there  171^ 
and  Isaac  Grovewoid,  1718)  ;  Arnoldus  Van  Drumen,  1733^6  Jo"- 
SearVi°';i\^'  ^^V"^^  1-^°'"^  Paldamus.  i744-5->,  John  A.' M^nte- 
^So\.'^  ]^\^-J-  ,^'H'?'  '763-84.  Francis  M.  Verboom.  1784- 
812];  Labagh.  A.  I.  1828-41.  Brett.  P.  M.  1842-5,  Knox  1  P 
1845-54.  \\yckoff.  T.  F.  and  Whittlesey.  E.  54-5.  Allen  \V  o' 
s^'n  ^"%'''^«"-  ^"\  '"ifl  AIcQueon.  P.  74-8,  Allen,  w".  O "  78- 
n;.  1"  K°r  ^"^'^"w^-"6.  Hageman,  A.  J.  87-90,  Lowe,  J.  C.  90, 
Uggel  E  C.  90-3  Hume,  97-9.  Arcularius,  99-1901,  Perlee,  190  >- 
1911,  Leslie,  A.  H.  1916-1918.  Foiensbee,  B.  J    i.juSl—  ^ 

-Dutdi  'FZth^''^L^''f''4'^  ^l  "^'^T"'  ''"'''  by'dififerent  nationalities 
The   D.;iiS  U'i  /^    'r  ^'"""''-^"^  through  many  vicissitudes. 

Ihe  Dan  sh  West  India  Company  finally  came  into  possession      The  Lu- 

^ZZi''"'^   '""'   the   prevailing   church,    while   thl    MoraJans   labored 
among  the  negroes.    A  Dutch  church  was  organized  on  St.  Thomas  in  Se 


7l8  THE    REFORMED    CPIURCH    IN    AMERICA 

times  of  the  Dutch  West  India  Company,  and  perhaps  Dutch  organizations 
existed  at  that  early  period  also  on  the  other  islands.  The  vernacular  lan- 
guage long  continued  to  be  Dutch,  and  is  the  basis  of  the  present  Creole 
language.  The  Dutch  were  expelled  from  St.  Thomas  by  the  English  in 
1667,  but  returned  when  the  Danes  gained  possession,  a  few  years  later. 
The  records  of  the  Dutch  church,  prior  to  1744,  are  destroyed.  The  Lu- 
therans' records  are  continuous  from  1688.  The  Dutch  and  Lutherans 
worshipped  alternately  in  the  Fort,  until  a  R.D.C.  edifice  was  erected, 
which  was  prior  to  1718.  These  two  religious  bodies  alone  enjoyed  the 
special  recognition  and  protection  of  the  Danish  Government.  In  1744,  the 
church  of  St.  Thomas  had  142  communicants.  Up  to  1759  the  church  was 
supported  by  voluntary  contributions.  In  that  year  Mrs.  Catherine  De 
Windt,  widow  of  Jahns  Jahnsen  De  Windt,  bequeathed  to  the  church  the 
estate  Cathariiiabcrg.  It  extended  down  into  the  town,  and  after  1792  be- 
came exceedingly  valuable.  The  pastor,  Verboom,  purchased  this  estate 
of  the  church  soon  after  his  settlement  there  for  $38,000,  and  realized 
$ioo,coo  by  the  sale  of  the  town  lots.  Of  the  $38,000  belonging  to  the 
church,  the  sum  of  about  $8,000  was  for  the  support  of  the  poor,  the  rest 
for  the  ministry.  Verboom's  speculations  greatly  injured  the  spiritual 
condition  of  the  church.  He  retired,  a  man  of  wealth,  to  Holland  in  1812. 
During  the  68  years,  1744-1812,  the  records  show  that  850  persons  united 
with  this  church. 

After  Verboom  left,  the  church  was  in  so  low  a  condition  that  no  appli- 
cation was  made  to  the^Classis  of  Amsterdam  to  send  them  another  minis- 
ter. Up  to  1812  their  supplies  had  come  from  Holland.  The  members  of  the 
Dutch  church  for  fifteen  years  were  scattered  among  the  Lutherans,  the 
Aloravians,  and  the  Episcopalians.  The  latter  began  to  hold  services  in 
1820.  In  1827  the  Dutch  of  St.  Thomas  were  led  to  make  application  to 
the  Reformed  Dutch  Church  in  the  United  States  to  send  them  a  pastor, 
and  for  the  next  thirty  years  they  were  thence  supplied,  as  indicated  above. 
With  the  advent  of  the  American  ministers,  services  began  to  be  held  in 
English.  When  Dr.  John  Knox  visited  these  islands  in  1828,  he  says  that  a 
fund  of  $50,000  yet  remained  for  the  support  of  the  gospel.  Dr.  John  P. 
Knox,  a  subsequent  pastor,  says  the  funds  amounted  to  about  $40,000. 
The  church  of  St.  John  was  found  in  ruins,  and  not  a  single  communicant 
known  to  remain,  although  there  were  funds  also  belonging  to  that  church. 
During  Dr.  Philip  AI.  Brett's  ministry,  the  Lutherans  and  Dutch  used  the 
same  edifice,  the  colored  people  bringing  their  own  stools  and  sitting  in  the 
aisles.  The  present  edifice  of  the  Dutch  Church  is  a  plain  Grecian  temple 
of  the  Doric  style.  It  was  erected  during  Dr.  Brett's  ministry.  The 
Liturgy  of  our  American  Church  is  used,  and  they  adhere  in  all  respects 
to  the  Order  of  the  R.D.C.  Dr.  Brett  remained  a  member  of  the  Classis 
of  Paramus  while  preaching  there.  He  was  recalled  in  1855,  but  declined. 
They  made  several  efiforts  afterward  to  procure  pastors  from  America, 
but  failed.  (See  Manual  of  1879  for  suggestion  that  R.C.A.  again  take 
these  churches  under  their  care.) 

In  1883,  through  the  influence  of  Rev.  Dr.  Anson  Du  Bois,  this  church 
connected  itself  with  the  South  Classis  of  Long  Island,  and  is  now  sup- 
plied by  ministers  of  R.C.A.     See  "Ch.  Int."  Ap.  25,  1883. 

See  the  names  of  the  American  pastors  who  have  labored  there  ;  Dr. 
John  Knox's  letter  in  "Mag-.  R.D.C."  iii.  26;  also  ii.  142',  281,  318;  Rev. 
J.  P.  Knox's  "Hist.  Acct.  of  St.  Thomas,  St.  Croix,  and  St.  John,"  1852. 
i2mo.  pp.  271.  Much  material  relating  to  these  churches  was  secured  by 
Dr.  Corwin,  in  Holland,  in  1897-8.  See  Ecc.  Rec.  N.Y. 
West  Leyden,  Point  Rock,  Lewis  Co.,  N.Y.,  1856.  Boehrer,  56-62,  Wagner, 
(S.S.)  62-4,  Schlieder,  65-72,  Weber,  74-9,  Warnshius,  H.  80,  Reiner, 
81-5,  Kern  S.  (S.S.)  84,  Freeh,  85-7,  Keil,  88-9,  Schlieder,  F.  E.  i88g- 

1907.  Bolsterle,  G.   S.    1909-1911,  supplies,   191 1 .     See   Dailey   Hist. 

of  Montgomery  Classis,  107. 


THE    CHURCHES  719 

West  Newark,   1866,  see  Newark,  N.  J. 

West  New  Hempstead,  (Kakiat,  Spring  Valley),  Monsey,  Rockland  Co., 
N.Y.,  1773.  Marinus,  1773-8,  Leydt,  P.  1789-93,  Brinkerhoff.  G.  G.  1793- 
1806,  Deinarest,  J.  D.  1808-24,  Wynkoop.  Jef.  25-36,  Allen,  P.  37-62, 
Brock.  J.  R.  62-5.  \'an  Neste,  G.  65-9,  Mattice.  H.  (S.S.)  69-71,  Statesir, 
72-81,  vacant,  81-6,  Lauijcnheimer,  86-8,  Dusinberre,  89-98,  Brink,  1899- 
1906,  Van  Biirk,  John  1906-1908,  Smith,  T.  \I.  (S.S.)  1910-1911,  Rock- 
efeller, D.  \\'.  G.  1913.  Chadst-y,  H.  T.  1914-20. 

West  New  York.  Trinity,  Weehawken.  N.J.,  1908.    Hopper,  A.  W.  1908 

West  Nyack,  see  Clarkstown,  N.Y. 

Westover,  see  Kanipcn,  Md.,  1900. 

West  Sayville,  see  Sayville,  N.Y. 

West  Side,  see  Chicago,  Hungarian,  111.     See  Chicago,  Oak  Park,  111. 

West  Side,  see  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Weston.  Amherst,  S.D.,   1920. 

West  Town,  Orange  Co.,  N.Y.,   1791.     Van   Bunschooten,  E.   i788-9<). 

West  Troy.  North,  (Washington  and  Gibbonsville ),  Watcrvliet,  Albany  Co., 
N.Y.,  1814.  Bronk,  1813-34,  Wood,  35-6,  ]\Iann,  (S.S.)  yj,  Gregory,  O. 
H.  38-70.  Hutton.  A.  J.  71-9.  Lansing.  J.  G.  79-84.  Beardslee,  J.  W. 
84-7,  Cobb,  H.  E.  88-92,  Pease,  93-9,  Pershing,  1901-1903,  Berg,  I.  H. 
1904-1906,  Hamlin,  H.  F.  1907 

West  Troy,  South,  Wasliington,  Watervlict,  Albany  Co.,  N.Y.,  1844.  (This 
church  was  called  Jcrmain  Memorial,  1874-1885).  Wells,  R.  (S.S.) 
44,  Wyckoff,  T.  F.  45-54.  Roof,  55-64.  Wyckoff,  Jac.  65-70,  Strong, 
S.  W.  70-84,  vacant,  84-98,  Wyckofif,  Chs.  S.  98-9,  Meengs,  1901-1904. 
Disbanded  1907. 

Westwood,  Bergen  Co.,  N.T.,  1886.  Talmage,  D.  \l.  1888-190S,  Decker,  E. 
W.  1908 ■ 

White  Hall.  Green  Co..  111..  1861.     Schcnck,  M.  L.  1865-9. 

White  House,  1792.  see  Rockaway,  N.J. 

White  Plains,   Westchester -Co.,   N.Y.,    1865.     Hulb'jrt,    1865-73. 

White  Port,  1796,  see  Bloomingdale,  N.Y. 

White  Rock   Centre,   1892,   see  Elim,   111. 

\\'hite  Reck,  see  Ebenezer,  Oregon.  111. 

White  Tail.  N.M.,  see  White  Tail,  Canyon,  N.M. 

White  Tail,  Canyon,  N.M.      (Apache)    1918.     Arthur.   T.  O.   1918-1920. 

Wichert,  St.  Anne.  1893,  111.  (Known  as  Koster,  III.  until  1913)-  Vanden- 
bosch.  T.  99-1900,  Vander  Werf,  1901-1904,  Tanis,  H.  1904-1905,  We- 
binga.  J.  1906-191 1.  Pettcrsson.  H.  M.  1912-1914.  Zandstra,  F.  1915-1918, 
\'ander  Heide,  J.  1919 — -— 

Wichita.  Kan..  191 1.     DeBev,  D.  J.   (S.S.)   1919-1920. 

Wilcox.  Elk  Co..  Pa..  1873.  '  Hoffman,  W.  H.  1875-7.  Wilson,  F.  F.  1878-9. 
Became  Presbyterian.  • 

Wilhehnina  Bethlehem.  Preston.  ^Id.,  1900.  Joldersma.  R.  H.  (S.S.)  1901. 
Dropped  1509. 

Wilkei^barre.  Luzerne  Co..  Pa..  1792.  Gray.  A.  1793-6.  The  people  of  this 
church  emigrated  almost  in  a  body  to  the  Genesee  country  in  1796. 
(  See  Owasco. ) 

Williamsburgh,  1816.  see  Canada. 

\\'iliiamsburgh.  1828.  see  N.Y.C..  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Williamson.  X.  Y.,  1912.  Vander  Schoor,  Cor.,  Classical  Missionary,  1913- 
191 5.  Pastor  1915-21,  Burggraff.  J.  J.  (Jr.)   1921 

Willow  Lakes,  Clarke  Co.,  S.D.,  1888.  Zwcmer,  F.  J.  8^-92.  Disbanded, 
1895. 

Willow    Lakes.    S.D.,    iqii.      Immanucl.      Suni)licd. 

Wilton,  1823.    \'an  Hook.  Miss.  to.  1825.  McKelvey,  John,  IMiss.  to,  1827. 

Wiltwick.  Church  of  the  Comforter,  1863.  see  Kingston,  N.Y. 

Wimbeldon.  see  Dover.  N.D. 

Windham,  an  early  name  of  Prattsville,  see  Prattsville.  N.Y.  (The  town 
of  Prattsville  was  formed  from  the  town  of  Windham  in   1833.) 


720  THE    REFORMED    CHURCH    IN    AMERICA 

Windsor  Terrace,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Winfield,  N.Y.,  see  N.Y.C!,  Borough  of  Queens. 

Winnebago,  Neb.,  1911.  (Indian.)  Watermulder,  G.  1911-1918,  McEIwee, 
R.  1919,  Watermulder,  G.  1920 

Woestyne,   17...      Now  Rotterdam. 

Wolcott,  now  Fair  Haven. 

Wolcott,  Secession,  Cayuga  Co.,  N.]'.,  1827. 

Wolver  Hollow,  see  Oyster  Bay,  L.I.,  N.Y. 

Woodbourne,  N.Y.,  1802.  Sullivan  Co.,  N.Y.  (Neversink.  Name  of 
Church  Fallsburgh,  until  1918).  Reorganized  1827.  Boj'd,  J.  H.,  Miss, 
to,  27-8,  Gray,  J.  33-5,  Eggleston,  36-7,  Duryee,  J.  G.  46-51,  Eltinge, 
C.  D.  51-2,  Searle,  J.  53-6i,  Connitt,  62-5,  Brown,  W.  S.  67-88,  Statesir, 
1889-1915,  Smith,  H.   1916-1918,  Heroy,  G.  M.  1918-1919. 

Woodcliff-on-Hudson,  Weehawken,  N.J.,  191 1.  Miller,  J.  C.  1911-21,  Van 
Strien,  David,  1922 

Wood  Haven,  L.I.,  1858. 

Wood  Haven,  see  Forest  Park,  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of   Brooklyn. 

Wood  Haven,  Grace.  L.I.,  1891.     Krausher,  91-3. 

Woodlawn,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Brooklyn. 

Woodlawn,  see  Schenectady,  N.Y.,  1910. 

Woodside,   1871,  see  Newark,   N.J. 

Woodstock,  Ulster  Co.,  N.Y.,  1799.  Overbagh,  1806-17,  Boyse,  26-37,  Bo- 
gardus,  N.  38-42,  Van  Doren,  W.  T.  43-5,  Gulick,  A.  46-54,  James, 
W.  L.  56-62.  Blauvelt,  C.  J.  (S.S.)  64-5.  Wyckoff,  D.  B.  65-70,  Hoes, 
(S.S.)  71-2,  Moore,  W.  S.  73-9,  Force,  F.  A.  80-2,  Wurts,  82-6,  Acker- 
man,  86-90,  Boggis,  91-5,  Park,  C.  1896-1904,  Luther,  M.  F.  1904-1906, 
Simpson,  W.  E.  1906-1910,  Clowe,  C.  W.  1912-1913,  Brink,  H.  W.  1914- 
1919,  Nicholas,  J.  F.  1920 .     See  West  Hurley,  N.Y. 

Wormser  City,  Montana,  1896.  Wormser,  A.  96-7,  classical  missionary, 
97-1900,  De  Jongh,  J.   1900-1901.     Disbanded  1903. 

Wortendyke,  Bergen  Co.,  N.J.,  1871.  Smit,  J.  83-6,  Diephuis,  Jac.  87-9, 
Haan,  90-2,  Dekker,  F.  96-7.  Lubeck,  W.  98-1900,  Ruigh,  1900-2,  Pop- 
pen,  J.  1902-1908,  Dykema,  K.  J.   1908-1912,  Pool,  W.   1914 

Wortendyke,  Ridgewood,  Trinity,  N.J.,  1904.  Whitehead,  J.  H.  1906-1918, 
P.E.  1918-20,  Campbell,  C.  H.  1919 

Worthing,  Lennox,  S.D.,  1900.  Schoon,  J.  H.  1900-1910,  Schaff,  AL  (S.S.) 
1912  .  Dropped  1916. 

Wurtsboro,   1805,  see   Mamakating,   N.Y. 

WyckofF,  Bergen  Co.,  N.J.,  1822.  Had  been  a  regular  preaching  station  of 
Ponds  since  about  1798.  (De  Witt,  P.  1798-1808,  Demarest,  John,  12- 
20,)  Kuypers,  Z.  H.  25-41,  Thompson,  W.  J.  42-5,  Ryerson,  45-65, 
Van  Benschooten,  65-69,  Searle,  S.  T.  69-88,  Faulkner,  88-91,  West- 
veer,  1892-1904,  Strohauer,  P.  J.  1905-1911,  Parker,  A.  F.  1912 

Wynantskill,  Rensselaer  Co.,  N.Y.,  1793.  Romeyn,  J.  V.  C.  1794-9,  Za- 
briskie,  John  L.  1801-11,  Labagh,  L  1811-15,  Westervelt,  R.  16-22, 
Morris,  J..  Miss,  to,  24-5,  Bogardus,  C.  26-32,  Bronson,  A.  33-6,  Slirt- 
gerland,  37-40,  Gates,  40-2,  Lansing,  Jac.  A.  42-8,  Quick,  J.  J.  49-54, 
Stevenson,  54-64,  Tomb,  65-72,  Evans,  C.  P.  81-3,  Van  Allen,  L  83-90, 
Olney,  91-2,  Wessels,  94-7,  Schaul,  1898-1906,  Leiss,  S.  R.  1907-1911, 
Bolsterle,  G.  F.  1911-1913,  Buckingham,  M.  S.  (S.S.)  1915-1917,  Seso, 
A.  A.  1919-22. 

Wynantskill,  Secessio)i,  Independent,  1824.     Lansing,  J.  V.  S.  1824-6,  Bel- 
linger, 1829. 
Wysersdorf,  1730.    Dutch  branch  of  the  Schoharie  Congregation.    Became 
independent  about  1785,  returned  to  the  Reformed  Church  about  1794. 
See  Schoharie,  Middleburgh. 

Yakima,  Yakima  Co.,  Washington,   1901,  see  North  Yakima,  Wash. 
Yankton,  Salem,  Yankton  Co.,  S.D.,  1893.     Harmeling,  S.  J.  93-4,  classical 
missionary,  94-5,   DeWitz,   C.   J.   1895-1900.     Dropped   191 1. 


THE    CHURCHES  721 

Yokohama,  1872,  see  Japan. 

Yonkers,  Westchester  Co.,  N.Y..  1842.  Hulbert,  1842-8,  DeMund,  48-50, 
Seward,  50-2.  Hulbert,  52-65,  Cole.  D.  65-97,  Inglis,  T.  E.  97-1901, 
Cutler,  1902-1918,  Stewart,  D.  C.  (S.S.)  1918-21.  Church  sold  by  Bd. 
of  Domestic  Alissions,  1921 .  See  "Cole's  Hist.  Ser.  at  40th  Anni- 
versary of  Church,"  1883. — Sermon  at  25th  Anniv.  of  his  settlement, 
1890. 

Yonkers,  Park  Hill,  1892.  Beardslee,  W.  A.  92-4,  Bruce,  \V.  P.  1895-1917, 
Mann,  A.  I.  191 8 

Yonkers,  Mile  Square,  1900.  Tyndall,  C.  H.  (S.S.)  1902-1911,  Clist,  C.  L. 
(S.S.)  1912-1913,  Weber,  J.  (S.S.)  1914-1915,  Armbruster,  C.  (S.S.) 
1915- 

Yonkers.  N.Y..  Crescent  Place,  191 1.  Tyndall,  S.  G.  1912-1914,  Allen,  J.  S. 
(S.S.)   1915- 

York,  1810,  see  Canada. 

Yorktown,  Minn.,  1867. 

Yorkville,  see  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  Manhattan. 

Yuker's  Bush,  N.Y.,  see  Oppenheim,  N.Y. 

Zabriskie,  1871,  see  Hamilton,  Mich. 

Zeeland.  Ottawa  Co.,  Mich.,  1850.  (Organization  came  from  Holland. 
1847.  Joined  R.C.A.  1850.)  Vandermeulen,  C.  47-59,  Stobbelaer,  60-5, 
Bolks,  65-72,  Moerdyk,  W.  73-6,  Steffens,  78-82,  Kremer,  82-92.  De 
Jonge,  J.  P.  1893-1910,  Chefif,  P.  P.  1910-1917,  Harmeling,  1918-21, 
Jacobs,  H.  C.  1922 

Zeeland  2d,  Mich.,  1904.     Aloerdyk,  W"m.  1905-1911,  Hoffman,  B.  1912 

Zeeland,  see  Beaverdam,  Mich.,  Ottawa,  Mich. 

Zion,  Chapin,  Franklin  Co.,  la.,  1890.  Mollenbeck,  90-1900,  Bosch,  F.  C.  S. 
1901-1905,  Janssen.  W.  T.  1905 

Zion,   1903,  see  Timmonsville,   S.C. 

Zion,  Newton,  Erie,  Fentpn,  111.,  1909,  see  Newton,  111. 

Zion,  191 1,  see  Zion  German  Evangelical,  N.Y.C.,  Borough  of  the  Bronx. 

Zion.  1917,  see  Zion.  Grand  Rapids.  Mich. 

Zoar,  Ackley,  Hardin  Co..  la.,  1898.  De  Beer,  J.  1899-1903,  Schaefer,  J. 
1904-1912.     United  with  W'ashington,  Ackley,  la.,   1910. 


chronological  List  of  the  Ministers 

IN    THE 

Reformed  (Dutch)  Church  in  America, 


Nearly  Three  Hundred  Years, 
1628—1922 


Names  in  parenthesis   either   not   graduates   of  the  Institution   or   not   full   pastors 
'^  of   the  Reformed   Church. 


1.  Under  the  West  India  Company  and  the  Church  of  Holland,   1628-1664 
American  Ministers. 


Came  to 
America. 


Ministers  from  Europe. 

Matriculated.* 


1664.  Megapolensis,  Samuel,  Harvard 
University,  1653-6 ;  Utrecht  Uni- 
versity, 1656  ;  Leyden  University, 
1661  ;  again  Utrecht  University 
for  study  of  medicine,  1663.  Went 
to  Holland  for  further  study  and 
ordination. 


1628.  Michaelius,  Jonas.  Leyden  Univer- 
sity,  1598.  ^^   . 

1633.  Bogardus,  Everardus.  Leyden  Uni- 
versity,   1627. 

1642.  Megapolensis,  John.  Cologne  Uni- 
versity, 1624. 

1647.   Backerus,   John. 

1650.   ftrasmere.  Wm. 

1652.  Drisius,  Samuel.  Leyden  University 
1620;  again,  for  study  of  medicine, 
1649. 

1652.   Schaats,  Gideon. 

1654.   Polhemus,   John   T. 

1657.   Carpentier.   Caspar. 

1657.  Welius,  Everardus.  Utrecht  Univer- 
sity,   1650. 

1659.  Zyperus,   Michiel. 

1660.  Blom,  Herman.  Utrecht  University, 
1647  ;    Leyden   University,   1652. 

1660.  Selvns,  Henry.  Utrecht  University, 
1654;    Leyden  University,   1657. 

1661.  Luyck.  Aegidius. 
1664.  Hadson,    Warnerus. 


1S64.     The    English    Conquest    of    New    Netherland. 

2.  Under  the  Duke  of  York  and  the  Church  of  Holland,  1664-1685. 


American   Mitiisters. 


Ministers  from  Europe. 


Wm.  Leyden 
Leyden 


1679. 


1671.  Van    Nieuwenhuysen, 
University,    1661. 

1675.   Van    Rensselaer,    Nicholas. 
University,  1670. 

1677.  Van  Zuuren,  Caspar.  Leyden  Univer- 
sity,   1668. 

1678.  Van  Gaasbeeck,  Laurentius.  Leyden 
University,    1667. 

1681.  Weekstein.  John.  Leyden  Universi- 
ty, 1658;  again,  1674.  for  study  of 
theology. 

1682.  Selyns,  Henry.  Comes  to  America 
a  second  time.     See  1660  above. 

1683.  Daille,  Peter.  Some  French  univer- 
sity.    French  Refd. 

•Where  no  University  is  indicated,  this  does  not  necessarily  imply  that  a  Uni- 
versity course  was  not  pursued.  Only  the  Catalogues  of  Leyden,  Utrecht  and  Gron- 
ingen   have   been   examined. 


Tesschenmacher,  Peter.  Leyden 
University,  1669  ;  Utrecht  Univer- 
sity, 1671  ;  Groningen  University, 
1671.  First  minister  ordained  in 
America. , 


724 


APPENDIX 


3.  Under  the  Crown  of  England  and  the  Church  of  Holland,   1685-1771. 
American  Ministers. 


Came  to 
America. 


Alinisters  from  Europe. 


1694.   Bertholf,  Guilliam.     Went  to  Hol- 
land for  ordination. 


1709.  Morgan,  Joseph,  a  Presbyterian, 
but   serving  also   a  Dutch  church. 

1709.  Van  Vleck,  Paul,  irregularly  or- 
dained ;    probably  by  Freeman. 


1686.  Varick.  Rudolphus.  Utrecht  Univer- 
sity. 1666. 

1686.  Van  den  Bosch,  JL.  French  Ref'd, 
Levden    University,    1679. 

1687.  Carre,   E.      French   Ref'd. 

1687.  Peiret,    Pierre,    French    Ref'd. 

1688.  Bonrepos,  Daniel.     French  Ref'd. 
1695.  Lupardus,  Wm.    Leyden  Univ.,  1684. 

1695.  Nucella.  John   P. 

1696.  Montaigne,   John.      French  Ref'd. 
1696.   Bondet,  Daniel.     French  Ref'd. 

1696.  Charter  of  R.  P.  D.  Church  of  New  York.     The  First  Church   Charter 

IN  THE  Middle  States. 

1699.  DuBois,  Gualterus. 

1699.  Laborei,  Jas.     French  Ref'd. 

1700.  Freeman.   Bernardus. 
1700.  Lydius.  John. 

1705.  Antonides,   Vincentius. 

1705.   Bevs.    Henry.       Leyden    University, 

1694  :    again.    1701. 
1708.   Kocherthal.   Joshua.     Ger.   Ref'd. 
1708.    (Barclay.    H.) 
1710.  Haeger.    John    F.      Ger.    Ref'd.,    but 

Episcopally   ordained. 
1710.   Oehl  (Ehle),  John  J.     Ger.  R,ef'd. 
1710.  Vas.   Peter. 
1710.   Rou.   Louis.   French  Ref'd. 

1712.  Van  Driessen,  Peter  H.  Gronlngen 
University,    1712. 

1713.  Boel,  Henrv.  Leyden  University, 
1712. 

1715.   Brouwer.  Thomas. 

ITIS.   Moulinars.  J.  B.     French  Ref'd. 

1718.  Van    Sautvoord.    Cornelius.      Leyden 

University,    1707. 
1720.   Frelinghuysen.  Theodore  J. 

1723.  Stouppe,   Pierre.     French  Ref'd. 

1724.  DuBois,   Gideon. 

1725.  Erickson.  Reinhart.  Groningen  Uni- 
versity.   1714. 

1726.  Coens.  Henry. 
17  26.   Muzelius.  Frederick. 
1726.   "Weiss.    George    M.      German    Ref'd., 

Heidelberg   University.   1718. 
1730.   Curtenius,   Antony.    Groningen   L^ni- 
versity,  1724. 

1730.  Mancius.  George  W.  Herborn  Theo- 
log.    Sem..   1728-30. 

1731.  Haeghoort,  Gerardus. 

1731.  Van  Schie.  Cornelius.  Leyden  Univ., 
as  a  student  of  Philosophy,  1721  ;  of 
Theologv,  1730. 

1733.    (Berkenmeyer,    Wm.) 

1736.  Rieger,  J.  B.  Heidelberg  and  Basle 
Universities. 

1737.  Dorsius.  Peter  H.  German  Ref'd., 
Groningen  Univ.,  1734  ;  Leyden 
Univ..   1736. 


1727.  Van  Driessen,  John,  Groningen. 
University,  1717 ;  ordained  by 
Congregationalists  at  Yale  Col- 
lege. 

1729.  Boehme.  John  Philip,  German 
Ref'd.  Ordained  by  the  ininisters 
of  New  York  City,  by  permission 
of  Classis  of  Amsterdam. 


1736.  Schuyler.  John.  Ordained  by 
Revs.  Haeghoort  and  Erickzon. 
1738.  by  permission  of  Classis  of 
Amsterdam. 


1737.  A  CcETus  Proposed 
1741 


1738.   Plan  of   Ccetus  Adopted  and   Sent   to  Holland 
FOR  Approbation. 


Fryenmoet.  John  C,  ordained  by 
Mancius,  1741  ;  but  re-ordained 
by  Mancius,  1744.  by  order  of 
Classis  of  Amsterdam,  in  presence 
of  ftevs.  Vas  and  Weiss. 

1741.  Goetschius.  John  H..  ordained  by 
Dorsius.  Frelinghuysen  and  Ten- 
nent,  1741  :  but  re-ordained  by 
Ccetus.  1748.  by  order  of  Classis 
of  Amsterdam. 

1745.  Frelinghuysen,  Theodore.  Went 
to  Holland  for  ordination. 


1739.  Van  Basten,  John  V. 
1742.   Arondeus.  John. 
1742.   DuBois.   Abram. 

1744.  Ritzema.  John. 

1745.  Meinema.   Benjamin. 

1746.  Rosenkrantz.  (First  name  unknown). 
1746.  Schlatter.  Michael.  German  Ref'd. 
1746.   Van   Sinderin,   Ulpianus. 

1746.   Schnorr.  C.  L. 


APPENDIX 


725 


1748.    I'LAN     OV     CCETUS     APPROVED     BY     THE     CLASSIS     OF     AMSTEKDAM.       THE     CCETUS 

Constituted. 


Ministers  Ordained  by  the  Coetus. 


1748.   Leydt,  John. 

1748.  Vaiulerlinde,   Benjamin. 

1749.  Verbrycke.    Samuel. 

1750.  Frelinghuy.sen,   John.       Went  to 
Holland  for  ordination. 

1753.  Frelinghuy.sen,  Ferdinand.  Went 
to  Holland  for  ordination.  Died 
at   sea. 

1753.  Frelinghuysen,  Jacobus.  Went  to 
Holland  for  ordination.  Died  at 
sea. 

1753.  Romevn,  Thomas.  College  of  N. 
J..  1750.  Went  to  Holland  for  or- 
dination. 

1753.  Schuneman.  John.  Went  to  Hol- 
land for  ordination. 

1753.  Vrooman.  Barent.  Utrecht  Univ., 
1750-2.  Went  to  Holland  for  ordi- 
nation. 


Came  to   Ministers  from  Europe  or  froiti 
America.  other    Denojninations. 

1749.   De  Wint,  Peter.     An  imposter. 

1749.  Van  Hoevenbergh,  E.  T.  Groningen 
Univ..  1732. 

1750.  Wurts,  J.  C.  From  Ger.  Ref'd.  Coetus 
of  Pa. 

1750.  DuBois,  Jonathan.  From  the  Pres- 
byterian  Church. 

1750.   De  Ronde,  Lambertus. 

1750.   Rosenkrantz.  Abram.     Ger.  Ref'd. 

1752.  Marinu.«,  David.  From  Ger.  Ref'd. 
Ccetus. 

1752.   Wernich,  John  Aemilius.    Ger.  Ref'd. 


1753.    Charter  of  Kings  (now  Columbia)  College.    1754.    Ccetus  Declares  Itself 
TO  Have  All  the  Powers  of  a  Classis     Ccetus  vs.  Coxferentie. 


Ordained  by  the  American  Classis. 
1754.   Frelinghuysen,  Henry. 

1754.  Goetschius.  J.  M. 

1757.  Jackson,    Wm.      Went   to   Holland 
for  ordination.  , 

1758.  Barcolo. 

1758.   Hardenbergh,  Jacob  R. 

1758.   Van  Nist,  Jacob. 


1701.   Van  Harlingen,  John  M.     Went  to 
Holland  for  ordination. 


17o3.   Schoonmaker.  Henry. 


1764.   DuBoip.    Benjamin. 
17C5.   Lydekker.  Garrett.     C.  N.  J.   iT55. 
Ordained  by  the  Conferentie. 


1765.   Schoonmaker,  Martin. 


1754.   Carre,  Jean,  Frencli  Ref'd. 

1754.  Mayor,  J.  L.,  French  Ref'd. 

1755.  Rubel,  John  C,  from  Ger.  Reformed 
Ccetus. 

1759.  Kails,  AVm.     German  Reformed. 

1760.  Kettletas,  Ab.  Yale  College,  1752. 
From  Presbyt.  Church. 

1760.  Houdin,   jMichael.  Frencli   Reformed. 

Episcopally  ordained. 
1760.  Loppius. 

1760.  AVesterlo.  Eilardus.  Groningen  Uni- 
ver.sity,   1754. 

1761.  Rothenbergler,  Frederic.  Educated 
at  Berne. 

1762.  Blauw,  Cornelius.  Groningen  Uni- 
versity, 1749. 

1763.  Laidlie.  Archibald.  Edinburgh  Uni- 
versity, about  1750.  Called  to  preach 
in  English.  From  Presbyt.  church 
in   Flushing.    Holland. 

1763.  Me>er.  Hermanus.  Groningen  Uni- 
versity, 1763. 

1763.   Weyberg,  C.  D.     Ger.  Ref'd. 

1763.  Weyberg.  Philip.  Ger.  Ref'd.  One 
of  the  original  Trustees  of  Queens 
College. 

1763.  Kern.  John  M.  Ger.  Ref'd.  Probab- 
ly Heidelberg  University. 

1764.  Tetard.  Jean  Pierre. 

1764.  Cock,   Gerhard,  D. 

1765.  Chalker.  Isaac. 

1765.   Rysdyck.  Isaac.     Groningen  Univer- 
sity. 1751. 
1765.    (Somer,   .  ) 


1766.     CriARTER  OF   QUEENS    (NOW    RUTGERS )    COLLEGE. 


1766.  Romeyn,  Dirck.     C.  N.  J.     1765. 


1770.  Livingston,  John  H.  Yale  Col- 
lege. 1762:  Utrecht  Univ..  1766. 
Went  to   Holland  for  ordination. 


1766.   Boelen,  Herman  L. 

1769.  Kuypers,  Warmoldus.      Groningen 
Universit.v,  1753. 

1770.  De  Martel.  J.   A.    French   Refd. 
1770.  Doll,  George  J.  L. 


726 


APPENDIX 


1771. 


Articles   of   Union   Between  the  Ccetus   and   Conferentie   Parties — 
Semi-Independence   of   the   Church. 


Ordinations  by  the  General  Meeting, 
as   Follows. 

i772.  Van    Voorhis,    Stephen.      C.    N.    J. 

1765. 
1773.  Van   Bunschoten,   Elias.     C.   N.   J. 

1768. 

1773.  Van  Nest,  Rynier. 

1774.  Froeligh,  Solomon. 

1774.  [Romeyn,  Benj.,  died  before  ordi- 

nation.] 

1775.  Goetschius,  Stephen. 


Came  to 
America. 


Ministers  from  Other 
Denominations. 


1772.  Foering,  Christian  F. 

1773.  Gros,  John  D. 

1774.  Gebhard.   John   G.       Universities  of 
Heidelberg  and  Utrecht. 


1775.  Kennipe. 


1778.   De  Witt,  Peter. 

1778.  Levdt,  Matthew.     Queens  College, 

1775. 
1780.   Lansing,   Nicholas. 

1782.  Van  Arsdale.   Simeon. 

1783.  Wack,  Caspar. 

1783.   Blauvelt,  Isaac.    Queens  Coll.,  1783. 

1783.  Romeyn,  Theodore  F. 

1784.  Blauvelt,    Timothy.      Queens    Col- 
lege, 1782. 

1784.  Duryee,  John. 


1776.    American   Political  Independence. 

1777.   Schenck,  Wm.     C.  N.  J.     1767. 
1777.   Cough. 


1784.    (Broeffie,  J.  L.) 
1784.   Cozine,  Cornelius. 


5.  1784.  Appointment  of  Rev.  Dr.  John  H.  Livingston  Professor  of  Didactic 
Theology,  and  of  Rev.  Hermanns  Meyer  Professor  of  Languages.  Assump- 
tion OF  Complete  Ecclesiastical  Independence.  The  Church  in  Holland 
Notified. 

Graduates   of   the   Reformed   Dutch    Theo- 
logical  Seminary.      New    York   or 
Flatbush.  L.  I.,  1784-1810. 

1785. 


Other  Ministers. 


Van  Harlingen.  John  M.     Q.  C.  1783. 


Schneyder,  G.  W. 
1786. 

Schoeffer,  J.  D. 
1787. 


Basset,  John.     C.  C.  1786. 

Froeligh,   Moses. 

Kuypers,   Gerardus  Arents. 

Lowe,   Peter. 

Romevn,   James  V.   C.      S.A.    1774. 

Studdiford.  Peter.     C.  C.  1786. 


Brinkerhoff,   George  G. 

Labagh,  Isaac. 

Leydt,  Peter.     Q.  C.   1782. 

Lupton.  Brandt  Schuyler.     C.  C.  1788. 

Romeyn,  Jeremiah. 

Stryker,   Peter. 

Van  Home,  Abram.     Q.  C.  1787. 


Chitara,    Ludwig. 

Linn,  Wm.     C.  N.  J.   1772. 

Volckman,   Johann   R. 


1788. 


Peck,  D.  C.  A.    (Ger.) 
Dyslin,  J.  H. 


1789. 


Demarest,  John. 
Smith,  Samuel. 


Gray,  Andrew. 

Jackson,  John  F.     Q.   C.   17? 

Van  Vranken,  Nicholas. 


Jennings,  Jacob. 

1790. 

McDoweH,  Robt. 


APPENDIX 


727 


Reformed  Dutch  Seminary. 


Other  Ministers. 


Corneilson.   John. 


1791-1800. 


1791. 


1793. 


Bogert.  David  Schuyler.     C.  C.  1790. 
Kuypers,   William   Provost. 
Ostrander,    Stephen. 


Paige,  Winslow.     Dartmouth  College. 
Van  Vlierden,  Peter. 


Oct.   1792. 


Constitution  of  the  Reformed  Protestant  Dutch  Church  ADOPTao, 
Embracing  Doctrine,  Liturgy  and  Govehinment. 


Abeel.  John  Nelson.      C    N.  J.    1787. 
Brower,  Cornelius.     C.   C.   1792. 
Brush.  John   C. 
Kuypers,  Zeehariah  H. 
Van  Huysen,  Herman. 


Johnson,  John  B.     C.  C.  1792. 
Ro.segrant,  Elijah.  M.  D.     Q.  C.  1791. 
Sickles.  Jacob.     C.  C.  1792. 


1793. 


1794. 


Condict,  Ira.     C.  N.  J.  1784. 

(Maier,  James.) 

Schefer.  J.  D. 

Smith,  Wm.  R.     C.  N.  J. 


1795. 


Bork,  Christian. 


Brokaw,  Abram.     Q.  C.  1793. 

Cannon,   James   S. 

Labagh,   Peter. 

Larzalere.  Jacob. 

Mandeville,  Garret. 

Yates.  Andrew.     Y.  C.   1793. 


Janeway,  Jacob  J.     C.  C.   1794. 


Duby.     French  Ref  d. 
Senn,   J. 


1796. 


Close,  John.     C.  N,  J.  1763. 
(Romden,  Fitch). 


1797. 


Albert,  Pierre      French  Ref  d. 
Kirby,  Thomas. 


1798. 


Barcolo,  George.     C.  C.   1795. 

Cornell,  John.     Log  C. 

Duryea,  Philip  H.     C.  C.  1795. 

Eltinge.   Wilhelmus.     C.  N.  J.   1796. 

Manley,  William. 

Meyer.  John  Hardenbergh.     C.   C.   1795. 

Polhemus.  Henry.      C.  N.  J.   1794. 

Romeyn,   Benjamin. 

Romeyn,  John  Broadhead.     C.  C.  1795, 

Romeyn.  Thomas.     U.  C.  1797. 

Van  Doren,  Isaac. 

Vredenbergh.  John  S.     Q.  C.   1794. 

Wyckoff,  Henry  V. 


Linn,  J.  B.     C.  C.  1795. 
Wack,   John   J. 


1799. 


Ten  Eyck,  Conrad. 


(Eyermann,  J.  J.) 
Miles,  John  B. 
Smith,  Thos.  G. 


Ostrander,  Henry. 
Zabriskie,  John  L. 


U.  C.  1799. 
U.  C.   1797. 


1800. 

Stephenson,  William, 


728 


APPENDIX 


Reformed  Dutch  Seminary. 


1801-1810. 


Froleigh,  Peter  Ditmars.    C.   C.   1799 
Schoonmaker,  Jacob.     C.  C.  1799. 
Schureman,    John.      Q.    C.    1795. 
Toll,  John  C.     U.  C.   1799. 
Van  Pelt.  Peter  I.     C.  C.  1799. 
Vedder,  Herman.     U.  C.   1799. 
Westervelt,  Ralph  A. 


1801. 


Other  Minsiters. 


Spinner,  J.   P.     Univ.   of  Mentz,   1788. 


Christie.  John  I.     C.  C.  1799. 
Hardenbergh,   Charles. 
Palmer,    Sylvanus. 


Demarest,  James  D. 
Overbagh.  Peter  A. 
Schmerhorn.  Cor.  D. 
Vedder,  Henry. 
Whitbeck,    Andrew. 


U.  C.   1797. 


(Bogart,  Samuel.) 
Brodhead,  Jacob.     U.  C.  '01. 
Van   Beuren.   Peter.   U.  C.   '02. 
Westbrook,  Cornelius  D.     U.  C.  '01. 


Brower,  Stephen  H. 
Halidav.  Thomas.     U.   C.   '02. 
Kittle,  Andrew  N.      U.   C.  '04. 
Rowan,  Stephen  N.     U.  C.  '04. 


Fox,   V.   K 

Will,  Peter. 


1803. 


1804. 


Kyle,  Thos 


1805. 


Bradford.  Thos.     Brown  Univ.  1800. 
Runkel,  J. 


1806. 

Woodhull,  Selah  S.  C.  C.  &  Y.  C.  '02  ;    P.  S. 


Demarest,  Cornelius  C.     C.  C.  '04. 


Bogardus,  Cornelius. 

Cuyler,  Cornelius  C.     U.   C.   '06. 

De  Voe.  David. 

Hasbrouck.  Jacob  R.  H. 

Hoffman,  Abram. 


Hendricks,  John.      U.   C.  '08. 
Livingston.  Gilbert   R.      U.   C.   '05. 


Beattie.  J.     U.  C.  '06. 
Fonda.  Jesse.     U.  C.  '06. 
Gosman,  J.     C.  C.  '01. 
Force.  J.  G.      C.   N.  J.   1794. 


1809. 
1810. 

Gunn,   Alex. 


C.   C.    '05. 


1810.    Removal  of  the  Seminary  to  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 
1S11-1S20. 


ISll. 

{Bartlett.    Jcl-ni. 


APPENDIX 


729 


New  Brunswick   Soninary. 


Other  Ministers. 


1812. 


(Barclay.) 

De  Witt.  Thoma.«.     U.  C.  'OJ 
Mabon,  John  S.   U.  C.   '06. 


Drever.  J.  H. 

.Mathews.  J.  M.     U.  C.  '04  ;   Assoc.  R.  S»'07. 

McAIurray,  W.    U.  C.  '04  ;  Assoc.  R.  S.  '08. 


Bronk,   Robert.     C. 
Wynkoop,   Peter  S. 


X.  J. 

U.  C. 


(Carle,  John  H.     Q.  C.  '11.) 
Murphy.  James. 

Van  Santvoord,  Staats.   U.  C.  '11. 
Van  Vechten.  Jacob.      U.  C.  '09. 
Vermeule,  Corneliu.s  C.     Q.   C.   '12. 


De  Witt,  John.     U.  C.  and  C.  N.  J.  '09. 
Field,  J.  T.     C.  N.  J. 
Milledoler,   P.     C.   C.   1793. 
Schemerhorn,  J.   F.     U.  C.  '09. 


1814. 


Ames.  J.   W. 

Carl.  J.  H.     Q.  C.  '11. 


Marselus.  Nicholas  .1.     U.  C.  '10. 

Sluyter,  Richard. 

Wilson,  Abram  D.     Q.  C.  '11. 


Bogardus.   William   R.      U.   C.  '13. 
Eltinge.  Cornelius  C.     Q.  C.  '12. 
Johnson.  I.^aiah  Y.     W.  C.  '13. 
Neal.  Ava.      C.  C.  '10. 
Schultz.  Jacob   I.     U.   C.   '13. 


Christie.  J. 
Jones,  Nic. 


ISIG. 


Amerman,  A.   C.C.  '12  ;  Assoc.  Ref.  Sem.  'Ifi 
Bruen,  M.     C.  C.  '12. 
Knox,  John,     Dick.  C.  '11. 
Strong,   P.   X.      C.   C.   '10. 


Alburtis,  John.     C.   C.   '12.  Parker,    David. 

Kissam,   Samuel.     U.   C.   '13. 

Ludlow,  John.  U.  C.  '14. 

Philips,  William  Wirt.     U.  C.  '13. 

( Swart wout,   John.      C.   C.   '12.) 

Van  Vranken.   Sainuel  A.     U.  -C.   '15. 

Van  Zandt.  Peter. 

(Vermeule.  Frederick.     Q.  C.  '14.) 

Wyckoff,   Isaac  Xewton.     Q.  C.  '12. 


Bogardus.  Cornelius.     U.  C.  '16. 

De  Freest.  David  R. 

(Hasbrouck.  Stephen.    U.  C.  '15,  M.  D.) 

Holt.   Brogun.      Q.  C.   '15. 

Monteith,   Walter.     U.   C.   '11. 


Whiting- 


Brinkerhoff.  James  (i. 

Du   Bois.   tJeorpe. 

Fonda.   Jacob  D.      U.   C.     15. 

(loetschius.    Stephen   Z. 

^Peltz,  John.) 

Rawls.   John. 

Romeyn.  James.     C.  C.  '16. 

Smaltz.  John  Henry.     Q.  C.  '18. 

Vandervoort,  John  C.     Q.   C.   '18. 

Van   Hook,   l.saac  A.      C.  C.   "17. 


Baldwin.  Eli.     U.  Col.  Med. 
Dewing.  Jared. 
Ferris.  Isaac.     C.  C.  '16. 
Fisher,    I.«aac  M.   C.   C.   '17. 
Ludlow.  Gabriel.      U.   C.   "17. 
Switz.  Abram  J.     U.  C.  '17. 
Van   Liew,   John.      Q.  C.   '16. 
Weidman,   Paul.      U.   C.    "18 


\S\9. 


1S20. 


730 


APPENDIX 


New   Brunswick   Seminary. 


1821-183Q. 
1821. 


Other  Ministers. 


Dwight,  Maurice  W.     C.  C.  '16. 
Fort,   Abraham.      U.  C.   '10. 
Funck,  Seymour  P.     C.  C.  '17. 
Ketchum,  Isaac  S. 
Rouse,  Peter  P.     U.  C.  '21. 
Ten  Eyck,  Jacob  Bruyn.  U.  C. 
Wilson.  Joseph.      (C.  N.  J.) 


Heyer.  W.  H.  C.  C.  '15. 

Scudder,  John.   C.  N.  J. '11  ;   Coll.  Phys. '15. 


(Dey,  Riichard  Varick.     C.  C.  '18.) 

McClure,  John. 

Stryker,  Herman  B. 

Taylor,   Benjamin  C.  C.  N.   J.   '19. 

Vanderveer.  John.     C.  N.  J.  '17. 

Van  Vechten.  Samuel.     U.  C.  '18. 

(Wynkoop.  Richard.     C.  C.  '19.) 


1822. 


McLean,    Robert. 
Strong,  T.  M.     C.  C. 


1823. 


'16  :    P.  S.  '19. 


Blair,  Robert  J. 

(Blauvelt,  William  W.     Q.  C.  '14.) 
Center,   Samuel.      Mid.  C.  '19. 
(Ferrv,  William  M.     U.  C.  '20.) 
(Helffenstein,  Samuel.     Univ.  Pa.  '20.) 
Vanderveer,  Ferdinand  H.     U.  C.  '20. 


Jordan.  Mark    (Col.) 

Knouse,  Chas. 

McNeill,    A. 

Miller,  J.  E.     U.  C.  '12. 

Mills,   G. 

Rudy,   J. 

Searle,  Jer.     Bowdoin  and  U.  C.  '21. 

Steele.  J,  B.     Mid.  C.  '18  ;  Assoc.  R.  S.  '22. 


1824. 


Abeel,  Gustavus.     U.  C.  '23. 
Bennett,    Asa. 

Cruikshank,  William.     U.  C.  '21. 
(Garretson,   John  K. ) 
Hardenbergh,  James  B.     U.  C.  '21. 
(Helffenstein,   Albert.      Univ.    Pa.    '20.) 
Meeker,   Stephen  H.      C.   C.   '21. 
Messier,   Abram.      U.  C.   '21 
Morris,  Jonathan  F. 
Sears,  Jacob  C.     U.  C.  '21. 
Slingerland,  Elbert. 
Van   Keuren,   Benjamin. 
Van  Olinda,   Duow. 
Wynkoop,  Jefferson.     U.  C.   '19. 
Yates,   John  Austin.      U.   C.   '21. 


Lansing,  J.  V.  S.    Ham.  C.  '20  ;    P.  S.  '24. 
McLean.  R. 


Beekman.  Jacob  T.  B.     U.  C.  '22. 
Fisher.  George  H.     C.  C.  '21. 
Tarbell,  John  G.     Har.  U.  '20. 
Van  Kleek,  Richard  D.      U.   C.   '22. 


Abeel,  David. 

Boice,  Ira  Condict.     D.  C.  '23. 

Dumont,   A.   Henry. 

Garretson,  John.     U.  C.  '23. 

Heermance,    Henry.      U.    C. 

Labagh,   Abram   I. 

Labagh.   Isaac  P. 

Paulizon,  Christian  Z,     C.  N.  J,  '22, 

Van  Cleef,  Cornelius.     D.  C.  '23. 

Van  Wagenen.  John  H.     U.  C.  '23, 

Westfall,  Benj.  B.      U.  C.   '23. 

Whitehead,  Charles.     D.  C.  '23. 


1825. 


Rice,  H.  L.   Troy  Univ.  '18  ;    P.   S.  '22. 


1826. 


'14. 


Boyd,  J.      U.  C. 

Boyse.  W. 

Brownlee.  W.  C.     Glasgow  Univ.    08. 

Evans.  W.  _    „    .^„ 

Mason,  Eb.    C.  N.  J.  '20;    P.  S.  "23. 

Ogilvie,  J.  G. 

Teller,  J.  H, 


APPENDIX 


731 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 


Other  Ministers. 


1827. 


Holmes,    Edwin.      U.    C.   '22. 
McKelvey,  John.      Belfast  Col.   '21. 
Stevenson,  James  B. 
(Van  Dyck,  Leonard  B.     U.  C.  '24.) 


Bellenger.  H. 

Bethune,  G.  W.    C.  C.  &  D.  C.  '23  ;    P.  S.  '26. 

Campbell,  A.   D. 

Chittenden,  A.  B.    U.  C.  '24  ;    Aub.  Sem.  28. 

De  Mund,  I.  S.     C.  N.  J.  '23. 

Denham,   A. 

Frey,  C.  F 

Otterson,  J.   C.  C.  '06  ;   Assoc.  R.  Sem.  '21. 

Shimeall,   R.   C. 


Lee,  Robert  P.     D.  C.  '24. 
■Quaw,  James  K. 
Raymond,  Henry  A.     Y.  C. 


1828. 


(Blauvelt,   Cor.) 

Cahoone,  W.     D.  C.  '24  ;    P.  S.  '27. 

(Dunlap,   J.) 

Kirkwood.    R. 

Morse.  B.  Y. 

Mulligan,  J. 

Robertson,  N.     C.  C.  '23  ;    P.  S.  '26. 

Roosa,  E. 

Taylor,    H. 


1829. 


Cole,    Isaac   D.  Bumstead,  S.  A.     Mid.  C.  '23  ;    P.  S.  '28. 

Demarest,  Jas.,  M.  D.    Col.  Ph.  &  Surg.  '26.    Cornell,  F.  F.     C.  N.  J.  '25  ;    P.  S 


Mandeville.  Henry.      U.   C.   '26. 
(Morris,   Henry.      Ham.   '23.) 
Talmage,  James  R.     C.  N.  J.  '26. 
Van  Dyck,  Cornelius  L.     U.  C.  '26. 
W^ack,  Charles  P. 
< Woodward,   J.  G.) 


Halsey,  A.  O.     U.  C.  '22  ;    P.  S.  '27. 

Hangen,  J.   W. 

McClelland.  A.    U.  C.  '09  :    Assoc.  Ref.  S.  '15. 

Mair,  H.     Glasgow  Univ.   '20. 

Snyder,   H. 

Stimpson,  H,  P. 


1830. 


Amerman,  Thomas  A.     A.  C.  '27. 
(Beveridge,  James.) 
(Cornell,  F.  F.     C.  N.  J.  '25.) 
Hunt.   Christopher.      R.   C.   '27. 
Kip,   Francis  M.      C.   C.  '26. 
Liddell,  John   A.     Glasgow  and   St.   An- 
drews '26. 
Mann.  Alexander  M.     R.  C.  '27. 
Marcellus,  Aaron  A.   U.  C.  '26. 
Mevers,  Abraham  H.     U.  C.  '27. 
Pitcher,  John  Henry.     U.  C.  '27. 
(Van  Riper,  Garrabrant.     C.   N.  J.  '27.) 
Wells.   Ransford.      R.   C.   '27, 


(Berdan,    John.) 

Bogardus,  N. 

Boyd,   H.    M. 

(Gray,   John). 

How.  S.  B.     U.  Pa.  '10; 

Robbins,   S. 


P,  S.  '13. 


1831-1840. 


1831. 


Bevier,    John   H. 

Gushing.    David. 

Gregory,    Oscar   H.      A.    C.    '28. 

Manley,  John.     R.  C.  '28. 

(Van  Arsdale,  Cornelius  C.     R.  C.  '28.) 


Campbell,  W.   H.  D.  C.   '28  ;    P.   S.  '29. 

Edwards,    T. 

Hammond,   L. 

Kendall,  John   B. 

(Salisbury,  Wm.) 

Seeley,  A.  W.    U.  C.  '28;    P.  S.  '31. 


Baldwin,  John  C. 

Garretson,  Garret  I.     R.  C.  '29. 

(Robbins,    John    V.      R.    C.    '29.) 

Rogers.   [>eonard. 

Schanck,  Garret  Conover.     R.  C.   '28. 

Schoonmaker,   Richard  L.      R.   C.   '29. 

(Swartz,  Benjamin.     R.  C.  '29) 

Van  Liew,  .John  Gannon. 

Warner,   Alexander  H. 


Garvin,  Is. 

Laing,  J. 

Salisbury,  W. 

Ward,  J.  W.     C.  N.  J.  '21  ;    P.  S.  '23. 


732 


APPENDIX 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 


Bassler.  Benjamin.     U.  C.  '30. 
Bru.sh.  William.      R.   C.  '30. 
(Ludlow,   R.   C.      R.   C.   '28.) 
Lusk.    Matthias,      R.    C.    '30. 
Quinn.  Robert  A. 
(Van  Aken.   Enoch.     R.  C.   '30.) 
Van  Arsdale,  Jacob  R.     R.  C.  '30. 


(Cooper.  William  H.     R.  C.  '31.) 
Currie,  Robert  Ormiston.  R.  C.  '29. 
Nevius,  Elbert.     R.  C.  '30. 
Stimpson,  Edward  P.     R.  C.  '34. 
Thomson,  Fred.  Bordine.     R.  C.  '31. 
Westfall,  Simon  V.   E..     R.  C.  '31. 
Williamson,  Peter  S.     C.  N.  J.  '24. 


Ennis.  Jacob.     R.  C.  '31. 
Lillie,  John.     Univ.  Ed.  '31. 
Polhemus,  Abraham.     R.   C.   '31. 
(Terrill,  Lewis  H.) 
Youngblood,   William.      R.   C.   '31. 


Other  Ministers. 


1S33. 


Amljler,  J.  B. 

Bronson,   O. 

Gray,  J. 

Kirkland.    R. 

Lockwood,  L.  R. 

Myers,  Ab.  H. 

Parry,  Jos. 

Thompson,  D.  R. 

Van  Dyck,  H.     Ham.  C.  '26  ;    York  S.  '29. 


1834. 


C.  C.  '23;    P.  S.  '26. 


Babbit,  A.     C.  N.  J.  '16  ;    P.   S.  '21. 

Frazer,    T. 

Gregory,  T.  B. 

Hutton,  M.  S. 

Manton,  D.  B. 

Mason,  J. 

Stewart.  J.   W. 

Van  Aken,   E. 

Williams,  M.  B.     C.  N.  J.  '14. 


1835. 


S.   & 


Brownlee.  Jas.     Glasgow  Univ.  '26. 

Bonnell,  S.     U.  C.  '35. 

Burtiss.   A.      C.    C.    &    U.    C.    '27  ;     P. 

Aub.  S.  '33. 
Clancy,  John. 
Hawthorne,    H. 
Knight,    R.    W. 
Lindley,  D. 

May,  E.  H.     Hoxton  C.  &  Sem.  London  '15. 
Noc,   D.    D. 
Robb.  J. 

Robert.son,  S.     W.  C.  '12;    P.  S.   '15. 
Vermilye.  T.  E.     Y.  C.  '21  ;    P.  S.  '25. 
Woods,   John. 


(  De  La  Vergne.  James. ) 
(Dotv.   Elihu.      R.   C.   '35. 
Hillman,  Alexander  C.     C.  C. 
Michael.  Daniel.     R.  C.  '33. 
Quick,  Peter  J.     R.  C.  '33. 
Reilev,  William.     R.  C.  '33. 
Scribner.  John  M.     U.   C.   '33. 
Waring,  Hart  E.     R.  C.  '33. 


'32. 


Baldwin.  J.  A.     Y.  C.  '29  ;    P.  S.  '34. 

Egglestou.  A. 

Evans.  E. 

Hoes.  J.  C.  F.    A.  C.  '32  ;    P.   S.   '35 

Hyndshaw,  J.  B.     C.  N.  J.  '20  ;    P.  S.  '34. 

Leckner.  A.   M. 

Van  Zandt,  B.     U.  C.  '33  ;    Aub.  S.  '36. 


1837 


Allen,   Peter. 

(Chambers.   Talbot   Wilson.      R.   C.   '34.) 
Cruikshank.   John   C.      V.   C.   "34. 
Demarest,  John  Terhune.     R.  C.  '34. 
Demarest,  William.      C.  C.   '34. 
Duryea,  John  H.      R.   C.   '34. 
Gordon.  William  R.     U.  N.  Y.  '34. 
Heerniance,  Harrison.     R.  C.  '34. 
Knox.  John  P.     R.  C.   '30. 
Mesick.  John  F.     R.  C.  "34. 
Pohlman.  William  J.     R.  C.  '34. 
Wiggins.  Ebenezer.     U.  N.  Y.   '34. 


:\Ioule,  J.  G.     R.  C 
Pepper,  J.   P. 
Pitcher.  Wm. 
Robertson,  S. 
Nott,  John. 


'34;    P.  S.  '37. 
Wms.  C.  '28  ;    P.  S.  '35. 


1838. 


Brett.   Philip  Milledoler.  R.   C.   '34. 
Clark.  Robert  C.     Univ.  Pa.  '34. 
Harriman,  Orlando.     C.  C.  '35. 
Van  Doren,  John  Addison.     R.  C.  '35. 
(Van  Santvoord,  Cornelius.     U.  C.  '35.) 
Wyckoff,   Cornelius.     R.   C.   '35. 


Abell,    Jas. 

Ayres.  S.   B.     C.  N.  J.  '34  ;    P.  S.  '37. 
Campbell,  J.   K. 
Ebaugh,   J.   S. 
Johnson,   Wm. 
Lochead,   W. 

Macauley.  J.  M.     U.  Pa.  '34  ;    P.  S.  '37. 
Osborne.  N.     P.   S.  '22. 
Van  Santvoord.  Cor.     U.  C.  '35  ;    N.   B. 
&  P.   S.   '38. 


APPENDIX 


733 


New   Bi-unswick   Seminary. 


Other  Ministers. 


1839. 


Acker.son.    John    H. 
•Crawford.  John  B.     R.  C.  '36. 
Elmeiidoi-f,   Aiuhony.      R.   C.    '36. 

(John.soii.   lOdward  D.     R.  C.  '36.) 
Johnson,   John   (1.      R.    C.    '36. 
Mooi-e,   XVilliuin   S. 

•Quackenbu.sh.  Daniel  McL.     C.  C.  '36. 
■Quick.  John  J. 

(Wright.   William.) 


Bourne.  G.     Homerton  Sem.   1804. 
Chambers.  T.  W.     D.  C.    30-2  ;    R.  C. 

N.  B.  S.   '34-5  ;    P.  S.  36-7. 
Gray.  W. 

Harlow.    S. 
Hvde.   oren. 
Jo!ies.    D.    H. 
(Lewis,    W.) 
Jukes,  Chs. 


•32-4 


AUiger,  John  Benj.  R.  C.  '35. 
Bookstaver.  Jacob.     R.  C.   '37. 
Demare.st.  David  D.     R.  C.  '37. 
De  Puy.   Ephraim.     R.  C.  '35. 
Janeway.  John  L.     R.  C.  '36. 
(Janeway,  William  R.     R.  C.  '37.) 
Pitts.  Robert.     R.  C.   '37. 
Scheiick.  George.     Y.  C.  '37. 
Schenck.  Martin  Luther.     R.  C.  '37. 
Sheffield.  John  H.      U.  N.  Y.  '37. 
.Staats.  John  A.     R.  C.  '36. 
Steele.  Wm.  Henry.     R.  C.  '37. 
-Stryker.  Lsaac  P.     R.  C.  '37. 
Van  Amburgh,  Robt.     R.  C.  '37. 
Van  Doren,  William  Theodore.   R.  C.  '37. 
AVhitbeck.  John.     R.  C.  '37. 


U.  C.  '26  ;    P.  S. 


Birkbv,    J.      Rotherham,   Col. 

Bi.^hou.  A.  H.     Y.  C.  '30;    P.  S. 

Berkley.    J. 

Bi'own,   C. 

Doolittle.  H 

Gate.'^.    C. 

(  Hai'kness.   James.) 

Ingalls.  W.  U.  C.  '36  :    And.  Se 

Lord.  Jer.  S.     N'.  Y.  U.  '36  ;    I'. 

Middlemas.   J. 

Porter.   R. 

Proudflt,  J.  W.     U.  C.  '23  ;    P. 

Starks.   J.    L. 

Van   Buren,  J.  M.      U.  C.  '3.5  ; 

Van   Doren.  W,  H.     P.   S.   '■i'\ 

Wood,   Joel. 


'35. 

•20. 

in. 
S.  'SO 

S.  '24. 
Aub.  S.  '3i 


1S41-50. 


1S41. 


■Cornell.  James  A.  H.     R.  C.  '38. 
X)rake,  Francis  Topjiing.     R.  C. 
Jones.  Gardner. 
Knieskern.   Joseph.      R.   C.   '38". 
IMillspaugh,  Alexander  C.     R.  C. 
Myer.  Gilbert  McPhedrick.     R.  C. 
■Randall,  Peter  George.     R.  C.  '38. 
Thomp.son,   William  J.     R.  C.   '34. 
Turner,  William  E.      R.  C.  '38. 
AVat.son.   John.      R.   C.   '38. 
Woodbridge.  Samuel  M.     U.  X.  Y.  '38. 


38. 


38. 

'38. 


Buckham.  Jas. 
Dyer,    D. 

Kennedy.  D.     U.  C.  '35  ;    P.  S.  '37 
Knight,    W. 

Xott.  J.     U.  C.  '23  ;    A.  S.  &  P.  S. 
Sill,  G.   G. 

Rand,    W.    W.      Bowdoin    C.    "37; 
S.  '40. 


Bangor 


"Blauvelt.  Cornelius  J. 
(Clute.  J.  M.     U.  C.  '39.) 
Collins.   Barnabas  V.     L.  F.  C. 
Crispell,  Cornelius  E.     R.  C.  '39. 
De  Witt.  John.     R.  C.  '38. 
DuBois.  John.      U.  C.  '39. 
"Halloway,  William  W.  R.  C.  '39. 
Hammond.    Eben   S.      R.   C.    '39. 
Himrod.  John   S.     R.   C.  '39. 
Hulbert,  Victor  M.     R.  C.  '39. 
Lansing.   Jacob   A. 
Mills.   Samuel    W.   R.   C.   '38. 
Porter.  Elbert  Stothoff.     C.   N.  J      3 
Ryerson,  Abram  G.     R.  C.  '39. 
Schoonmaker.  Martin  V.     U.  C.  '39. 
Schultz.  John   Newton.     R.   C.   '39. 
fTavlor.   Andrew   B.      R.   C.   '39.) 
Willis.   Ralph.      11.   C.   "39. 
■\Vintield.   Aaron   Burr.      R.   C.   '39. 
Wyckoff.  Theodore  F.     R.  C.  '39. 


Betts.  W.   R.   S.   U.   C.   '26  ;   P.    S.   '30. 

Chapman.  J.  L.      U.  S.  '41. 

Crocker.  A.   B.  U.  C.   '39  ;    P.   S.   '42. 

Dunning.   E.   O. 

Duryee.  I.  G.     U.  C.  '38;    A.   S.  '41. 

(Uiiden.  J.  C. 

Hageman,   C.   S.      R.   C.   '37. 

-Murdock.   D. 

Vandei'   Volgen.   J.    "\'. 

Van  Zandt,  A     B.      C.  C.   '40;    P.   S.   4i 


734 


APPENDIX 


New   Brunswick   Seviinary. 


Other  Ministers. 


1843. 


(Bennett,  Jacques.     U.   C.   '39.) 
Ganse,  Hervey  D.     C.  C.  '39. 
(Miller,   Isaac  L.   Kipp.      R.   C.   '40. 
Van  Wyck,  George  P.     R.  C.  '40. 
Williamson,  George  R.     R.  C.  '40. 
Williamson,  N.  D.  B.     R.  C.  '40. 


Clark,   W. 

Davis,  W.   P.      U.  C.   '33. 

Lyall,  W. 

McParlane,  Jas. 

Morris,  H.     Ham.  C.   '23  ;    P.  S.  '28. 

(Newton,   E.    H.) 

Scott,  Jas.     Univs.  of  Belfast  &  Glasgow., 

Slauson,  H.     U.  C.  '37  ;    U.  S.  '40. 

Thompson,    D.    R. 

Van  Buren,  J.  M. 


1844. 


Cornell,  William  A.     R.  C.  '41. 
Gardner,  John.      U.  C.  '41. 
(Hopper,  Samuel  G.     R.  C.  '41.) 
Mabon,  William  A.  V.  V.     U.  C.  '40. 
McNeish,   David.      R.   C.   '41. 
Oakey.  Peter  D.     R.  C.  '41. 
Romondt,  Chas.  R.  V.     R.  C.  '41. 
See,  John  Limberger.     R.  C.  '41. 
Taylor,   William  J.   R.      R.   C.   '41. 
Thomson,   William.      R.   C.   '41. 
Vedder,   Edwin.      R.   C.   '41. 
Vermilye,  Ashbel  G.     U.  N.  Y.   '40. 
(Watson,  William.) 


Chester,  C.  H. 

Donald,  Jas. 

Hall.   D.   B.    U.   C.   '39  ;     P.   S.    '42. 

Kerr,  G.     Wms.  C.  '39;    U.  S.  '43. 

Lillie,    Jas. 

McLean,   C.   G. 

Mead,  C.  S.     U.  C.  '41;    Aub.  S.  '44. 

Newton,  E. 

Van  Dyck,  L.  H.     A.  C.  '30;    Aub.  S. 


'33. 


1845. 


Bailey,  William.     R.   C.   '42. 
(Boyse,    Gerard.      C.   C.    '40.) 
Knox,  James  H.  M.     C.  C.  '41. 
Lansing,  John  A.     U.  C.  '42. 
Lloyd,   Aaron.      R.   C.    '42. 
Miller.  William  A.     U.  C.  '42. 
(Milne.    Chas.) 
Minor,  John.      R.  C.   '42. 
(Romaine.   Benjamin  F.      R,   C.   '42.) 
Simonson,    John.      R.   C.    '42. 
Smith,   Nicholas  E.     R.   C.   '41. 
Strong,  Thomas  C.     U.  C.  '41. 
Talmage,  Goyn.      R.   C.   '4  2. 
Talmage,  John  Van  N.      R.  C.   '42. 
Voorhis,  Jacob  N. 
West,  Jacob.      R.  C.   '42. 
Wyckoff,  Abraham  V.     R.  C.  '42. 


U.   S.  '41. 

P.  S.  &  U.  S.  '39. 


Dickhant,  J.  C. 

Fisher,  I.  P.      U.  C.  '39  ; 

Gulick,  Alex.     R.  C.  '35 

(Olinda,    Douw. ) 

Thompson,   A.    R.      N.    Y.   U.   '36-'8  ;     R.   C. 

'39,  '40;    N.  Y.  U.  '41-'2  ;    P.  S.  '45. 
Wiley,  Charles.     C.  C.  &  C.  N.  J.  '25  ;    Aub. 

S.   '36  ;    New  Haven  S. 


1846. 


Chapman,  Nathan  F.     R.  C.  '44. 
Compton,   James  M.      R.   C.   '44. 
Dutcher,  Jacob  C.     R.  C.  '43. 
Murden,    Benjamin   F.      R.   C.   '43. 
Seeber.  Safrenus.     R.  C.  '43. 
Spaulding.  Cyril.     R.  C.  '41. 
Stewart,  Abel  T.     R.  C.  '43. 
Van  Cleef,  Paul  D.     R.  C.  '43. 
Van  Neste,    George    J.    '42. 


(Baldwin,   Trueman.) 

Hall,  B.  R.     C.  N.  J.  &  U.  C.  '20  ;    P.  S.  '23. 
Henry,  J.  V.     C.  N.  J.   '15;    P.   S.   '21. 
Neander,  J. 
Miller,   I.    L.   K. 

Scudder,  W.  W.      C.   N.  J.   '41  ;    P.   S.   '45. 
Stebbins.  J.     U.  C.  '42;    P.  S.  '45. 
Van   Dvck,   C.   V.  A.      Jeff.   Med.   C.   Phila- 
delphia,  Pa.   '39. 
Veenhuyzen,  A.   B.     Geneva,  Switzerland. 


1847. 


(Bellinger.  J.  W.) 

Conklin,  Nathaniel.     R.  C.   '44. 

Davenport.  Jerome  A.     Univ.  N.  Y.  '40. 

Lord.  Daniel,     f.  Pa.  '44. 

Manning.  John  Henrv.     R.  C.  '44. 

Steele    Richard   H.      R.   C.   "44. 

Van   Neste,  Abraham  R.      R.   C.   '41. 

(Whitehead,  J.  B.     R.  C.  '44.) 


Betten,  A.  J. 

McLaren,   M.    N.      U.   C.   '24. 
Roof.  G.  L.      U.   C.   '31. 
Vandermeulen,   C. 


APPENDIX 


735 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 


Other  Ministers. 


1848. 


Eltinge.  Cornelius  D.     R.  C.   '44. 
Hammond,   John   W. 
Peltz.  Philip.     U.  Pa.  '45. 
Searle.  Samuel  Tomb.     U.  C.  '45. 
Steele,  John.      R.  C.   '45. 
Stitt.   Charles  H.      R.   C.   '44. 
Stryker.   Peter.    R.   C.   '45 
Ten  Eyck.  William  H.     R.  C.  '45. 
Todd.   John   Adams.      R.   C.   '45. 
Van   Brunt,  Rutger.s.     Hob.   C.   '40. 
Van   Wyck,    Polhemus.      R.   C.   '43. 


Baay,  G. 

Little.  E.  G.     C.  N.  J.  '45;    P.  S.  '48. 
McKee,  Jos.     Belfast  Coll.  '29  ;    U.  S.  '45- 
Marvin,  U.    W.  C.  &  U.  C.  '35  ;    P.  S.  '47. 
Moore,  J.  G.     La.  F.  C.  '42  ;    P.  S.  '45. 
Serenbetz,   F.   M. 
Vander  Schuur,  K. 
Van   Thuyzen,   A.   B. 


1849. 


Anderson,    William. 
Eckel,  Henry.     U.  Pa.  '46. 
Ferris,  John  Mason.     U.  N.  Y.  '43. 
(Hedges.  Hugh  G.     R.  C.  '46.) 
Phelps.  Philip  Jr.     U.  C.  '44. 
Romevn,  Theodore  B.     R.  C.  '46. 
Schenck.  John  W.     R.  C.  '45. 
Snyder.  Benjamin  F.     R.  C.  '46. 
Van   Woert,   Jacob   H.      R.   C.    '46. 


Bradford.  W.  J. 

Dickson,  A.     U.  C.  '45;    P.  S.  '48. 

Evans,   C.   A. 

Freeze,   A.    P. 

James,  W.  L.    U.  C.  '39  ;    Bangor  Sem. 

Livingston.   H.   G.     W.   C.   '40;     U.   S.   '49. 

McCartney,  G.   R. 

Rosenkrantz,    J. 

Smith,  J. 

Smuller,  H.  W.  Oberlin  C. 

Stein.   F. 

Waldron,  C.  N.     U.  C.  '46  ;    P.  S.  '49. 

Willets,   A.  A. 


1850. 


Berry,  James  Romeyn.      R.   C.   '47. 
Dater,  Henry.     R.  C.  '47. 
Du   Bois,  Anson.     R.  C.   '47. 
(Galusha,   Watts.      R.   C.   '47.) 
Lente.  James  R.     R.  C.  '42. 
Lippincott,    Benjamin   C.      R.   C.   '47. 
Lockwood.  Samuel.     U.  N.   Y.  '47. 
(Scudder,    Samuel.      R.   C.   '47.) 
Strong,   J,   Pascal.      R.    C.   '45. 
Taylor.  Wesley.     R.  C.  '47. 
Voorhees,  Henry  V.      R.   C.   '47. 


Bruen,  J.  M.     U.  Pa.  '37;    U.  S.  '42. 
Craven,   E.  R.      C.   N.  J.   '42  ;    P.  S.  '48. 
Lehlbach,  F.  A. 


1851-1860. 


Bernart,  James  E.     R.  C.  '48. 
Buckelew,  William  D.     R.  C.  '48. 
Case.  Calvin.        R.  C.  '48. 
Comfort,  Lawrence  L.     U.  C.  '48. 
(Elmendorf,  Peter.     R.  C.  '45.) 
Furbeck.  George.     U.  C.   '46. 
(How,  Henry  Kollock.     R.  C.  '4  2.) 
Jansen,  John  N.     R.  C.  '48. 
Mandeville.  Giles  H.     R.  C.  '48. 
Rockwell.  George. 
(Schriver.  Thomas  G.     R.   C.   '47.) 
Scott.    Charles.      R.    C.    '4  8. 
Scudder.  Jo.«eph.     R.  C.  '48. 
Van  Vranken,  Adam  H.     R.  C.  '48. 
Wilson.  James   B.      R.   C.   '48. 


Bolks,   S. 

Brown,  S.  R.  Y.  C.  '32  ;  Columbia  Sem. 
S.  C.  &  U.   S.  '38. 

Buck,  C.  D.      Wms.  C.  '45  ;    U.  S.  '49. 

Bulkley,  C.  H.  A.     U.  N.  Y.  '39  ;    U.  S.  '42. 

(Burnham.    1.    P.) 

Caiy,    J.   A. 

Doe,  W.  P.     U.  C.  '44  ;    U.  S.  '46. 

Kasse.  A.  K. 

Klvn.    H.    (5. 

La  Tourette.  J.  A.  M.   N.  Y.  U.  '48  ;   P.  S.  '51. 

Pierce.  N.  P.     A.  C.  '42  ;    U.  S.  '45. 

Rowland.  J.  M.     Beloit  C.   '26  ;    P.  S.  '28. 

Scudder,  H.   M.      N.   Y.   U.   '40  ;    U.  S.  '43. 

Seward.  D.  M.     Y.  C.  '31  ;    N.  Haven  S.  '35. 

Smit.   R. 

Vandermeulen.    C. 

Van  Raalte,  A.  C.  Leyden  Univ.  '31;  Ley- 
den  Th.  School  '34. 

Wiseman,    J. 

Ypma,   M.   A. 


736 


APPENDIX 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 


Collier,  Joseph  A.     R.  C.   '49. 
Gaston,  John.      R.  C.   '49. 
Julien,  Robert  D. 
See.  Isaac  M.     R.  C.  '49. 
Van  Gleson.  A.   P.     U.   N.  Y. 


Other  Ministers. 


1852. 


Berg,  J.  F.     Moravian  Insts.  '3 

Birkey.   A. 

Burghardt,   P.   H.     U.   C.    '40. 

Cochrane,   A.   G. 

Jameson,  C.  M. 

McClure.  A.     Y.  C.  &  A.  C.  '27 

McKee.  Jos. 

Shaw,  J.   B. 


A.   S.  '3G. 


Elmendorf,  Joachim.     R.  C.  '50. 
Jones,   Nathan   W.      R.   C.    '50. 
Kershow,  Joseph  H.     R.  C.   '50. 
McNair,  John  L.     R.  C.  '50. 
Searle.  Stephen.     U.  C.  '50. 
See.   William   G.    E. 
.Shepard,   Charles  I.     R.   C.   '50. 


Collier,    Ezra   W.      R.    C.    '48. 

(Fonda,  Jesse  D.     U.  C.  '50.) 
Lane,  Gilbert.     R.   C.  '51. 
Letson,  William  W.     R.  C.  '51. 
Muller,  John.     R.  C.  '51. 
Stillvvell,  Aaron  L.     R.  C    '51. 

(Stout,   Nelson.      R.   C.   '51.) 
Terhune,   Edward   P.      R.   C.   '50. 


Be   Baun,   John   A.      R.   C.   '52. 
Joralmon,   J.    Sansom.      R.   C.    '52. 
Livingston,  Edward  P.     R.  C.  '52. 

(Mohn,  Leopold.) 
Schneewels,   Franz   M. 
Schnellendreussler.   H.   F.    F. 
Schwedes,   Franz   R. 
Scudder,  Ezekiel  C.     W.  R.  C.  '50. 
Scudder,   Jared   W.      W.   R.    C.    '50. 
Van  Vleck.  John.     R.  C.  '52. 
Wells,  Cornelius  Low.     R.  C.  '52. 
Zabriskie.   Francis   N.      U.   N.    Y.   '50. 


Corwin,  Edward  T.     C.  C.  X.  Y.  '53. 

Demarest,  James.  Jr.      U.   C.   '52. 

Doolittle.  Philip  M.     U.  C.  '52. 

Hart-is,  J.  Ferguson.     R.  C.  '53. 

TVIunn.  Anson  F.     R.  C.  '52. 

Oerter.   John   Henrv. 

Talm.age.  T.  De  Witt.     U.  N.  Y.  '53. 

Vande  Wall.  Giles. 

Wagner,  John  Martin.      R.  C.   '53. 

"Wyckoff,  Jacob  Snediker.     R.  C.  '53. 


Atwater,  E.  R.     U.  C.  '34. 

Beidler,  B.  F.     Mar.  C.  '46;  Mar.  Sem.  '49, 

Cuyler,  T.  L.     C.  N.  J.  '41  ;    P.  S.  '46. 

Davie,  J.  T.  M. 

Dunnewold,    J.    W. 

Edgar,  C.  H.     C.  N.  J.  '31. 

Madoulet,    J.    B. 

Pohle.    K.    A.    J. 

Read.  H.     ^V.  C.  '26  :    P.  S.  '28  ;    And.  S. 

Seelye,  J.  H.     A.  C.   '49  ;    Aub.   S.  '52. 

Talmage,  P.  S.     J.  C.  '45  :    P.  S.  '48. 

Wolff,    W. 

Zurcher,   J.   N. 


1S54. 


Beattv,   James. 
Bentley.  E.  W.     Y.  C.  '5  0. 
Boehrer,   J. 

Bronson,   O.      U.   C.   '45. 
Burroughs.    G.   W. 
Dickhaut,   C. 
Hones.  J. 
McGregor,   E.    R. 
Mohn,    L. 

Parker,   Charles.      U.   S.   '48. 
Pfister.  J.   P. 

Peck.  T.  R.  G.    Y.  C.  '48  ;  P.  S.  &  U.  S.  '51. 
(Robinson,    S.    N. ) 

Vandewater.  A.      C.  N.  J.  '46  ;  P.  S.  '49. 
Welch,  R.  B.     U.  C.  '46;  And.  S.  '50;  Aub. 
S.  '52. 


1855. 


Bielfield,    H.      Mid.    C.    '21  ;   And.    S.    '2 
Bingham,  L.  G.     M.  C.  '21;    A.  S.  '25. 


Fulton,    Wm. 

Gardeneir.  W.     Y.  C.  '42:  P.  S.  '49. 

Hastings.  S.  M.  P.   Ham.  C.  '33  ;    Aub.  S.  37. 

Johns,  William. 

King,  F.  L.     C.  N.  J.  '44  ;    P.  S.  '48. 

Kuss,  C. 

Pettingill.  J.   H. 

Schroepfer.   E. 

Schwilk.   W.   F. 

Vander  Schuur,  R. 

Weisgotten.    Z. 

Wust.  W.  C. 


1856. 


Benedict.  W.  A. 

Bolton.  James.     U.  C.  '51  ;    U.  S.  '53. 

De  Roy.  J. 

Doeppenschmidt,    C. 

Dver,    S. 

Friedel,  H.  A. 

Gardiner.  H.  B. 

Haselbarth.  W.   G. 

Oggel,   P.  J. 

Pearce,  J.  L.     U.  C.  '49  :  P.  S.  '56. 

Rogers.   E.    P.      Y.    C.    '37;    P.    S.    '40. 

Van    Buren,    B 

Van    der    Bosch.    K. 


APPENDIX 


737 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 


Decker,  Henry  E.     W.  C.  '53. 
Holmes,  John  M"cC.     W.  C.   '54. 
Le  Fevre,  James.     R.  C.  '54. 
Markle,   Joslkh.     R.   C.   '53. 
Suydam.  J.  Howard.     R.  C.  '54. 
Thompson,  Henry  P.     R.  C.  '54. 


Other  Ministers. 


Enyard,   William  T.  R.   C.   '55. 

Lott.   John   S.      R.   C.   '55. 

Lowe.  John  C.     R.  C.  '55. 

Mayou,   Joseph.      R.    C.    '55. 

McKelvev.   Alex.      R.   C.   '55. 

Neef,   Jacob   F.      S.   G. 

Ostrom,  Alvan.  R.  C.  '55. 

Rapalje.  Daniel.  R.  C.   '55. 

Riedel,   F.   W.   A.      S.   G. 

Searle,   Jeremiah.  Jr.     R.   C.   '55. 

(Strong.  Mason  R.     Univ.  N.  Y.  '55.) 

Strong.  Robert  Grier.     U.   N.   Y.  '55. 

Thompson,  John   B.     R.  C.  '51. 

Todd.    Augustus    F.      R.    C.    '51. 


1857. 


Becker,  Carl. 

Cobb,   O.    E.     Y.   C.    '53  ;     U.   S.   '57. 

Dyer,   Fr. 

Finch,    H.    W. 

Hamilton.   William. 

Hebard,    F. 

Jevvett,  A.  D.  L.     Wms.  C.  '52  ;  P.  S.  '54. 

Morse,    A.    G. 

Riddle,    D.   H.     J.    C.   '23;    P.    S.    '28. 

Romaine.   B.   F.      R.   C.    '42. 

Roosevelt,    W. 

Selden,  C. 

Van   Lienwen,   William. 

Watson,  A. 

De  Luister,  J. 


1858. 


Bates,  Elisha  D. 

Buri,    P. 

Campfield,  R.  B.     C.  N.  J.  '24  ;  Aub.  S.  '28. 

Cole,   David.      R.   C.   '42. 

Collins,  Chs.     Phil.  Classical  Inst. 

Conrad,   C.   E. 

Dean,  A.     A.  C.  '42  ;  A.  S.  '48. 

Hall,  J.  G. 

Lansing.    A.    G.      U.    C.    '83. 

McEckron,   G.   M. 

Merrill,   F.      P.   S.   '43. 

Nykerk,    G.   J. 

Seelve.   E.  E.     U.  C.  '39  ;  P.  S.   '43. 

St.  John. 

Stobbelaer,    N. 

Sturges,    S. 

Van  Tubbergen,  G. 

Wilson,   H.   N.      C.   N.   J.   '30  ;   P.   S.   '34. 

Zastera,    F. 

Zwemer,  A. 


1859. 


Chamberlain,  Jacob.     W.  R.  C.  '56. 
Du  Bois,  Hasbrouck.  Y.  C.  '56. 
Furbeck,    Philip.      U.    C.    '54. 
Hansen.  Maurice  G.     R.  C.  '56. 
Huyssoon,    James. 
Jansen.  Josiah.  R.  C.   '56. 
Knowiton,  Albert  W.   Western  Res.  C.  '55. 
(Leslie.    John    R.      Rochester.) 
Lott,  Henry  Ray.     M.  D.     W.  C. 
(New.   William   E. ) 
Nott.  Charles  De  K.      U.  C.  '54. 
Riddle,  Matthew  B.     J.  C.  '52. 
(Shiebe.   Henrv. ) 
Shaw.   William   A.      Mad.    U. 
Vanderveer,   Cvrus  G 
Weiss,   Edward   M.      S.   G. 


Brown,   H.   J. 

Eells,    Jas.     Ham.    C.    '44  ;    Aub.    S.    '51. 

Henshaw,  M.     A.  C.  "45  ;   U.  S.  '47. 

Houbolt,    W.    A. 

Sawyer,  A.   (Hindu.) 

Shaffer,   T.   L. 

Skinner.  T.  H.,  Jr.     N.  Y.  U.  '40  ;  U.  S.  "43. 

Souri,    P.      (Hindu.) 

Timlow,   H.   R.      C.   N.   J.   '52. 

Verbeck.   G.   F.     Aub.   S.   '59. 

Wales,    E.    V. 

White,   E.  N.     Y.  C.  '54  ;   U.   S.   '57. 


Baay.  Jacob.      B.  C.   '57. 
Ballagh.  James  H.     R.  C.  '57. 
Berry.    Philip.      R.   C.   '57. 
Collier,    Isaac.      R.    C.    '57. 
Gulick.   Albert   V.      R.   C.   '57. 
Hutton.  Mancius  H.  U.  N.  Y.  '57. 
Jones.  Henry  W.  F.    Salt  Hill  Acad.,  Eng. 
Kip.    Leonard    W.      C.    C.    '56. 
(Loeber.    Frederick.) 
Miller,   Edward.      R.   C.   '57. 
Peeke,    George   H.      R.    C.    '57. 
(Proudfit,    Robert   R.      R.    C.    '64.) 
Rogers.   L.   Cortlandt.     Wms.   C.   '56. 
(Schoenfelt.   Christian.) 
Scudder,   John.      R.   C.    '57. 
Talmage.   Thomas  A.     R.  C.   '57. 
Warner,  Isaac  W.     Y.  C.  '52. 
Watkins,  John   E.     R.  C.  '57. 
Wortman,  Denis.     A.  C.  '57. 


Aurand,  H.      D.   C.   '30. 

Baird.  C.   W.     N.  Y.  U.  '48  ;    U.   S.   '52. 

Brace.  F.  R.     Y.  C.  '57  ;    Aub.  S.  '60. 

Crosby.    Howard.      N.    Y.    U.    '44. 

Forsvth,  J.     R.  C.  '29  ;  Edinburgh  Univ. 

Hitchcock,    E.    W. 

Johnson,   H.   H. 

Kno.x,  Chs.   E.      Ham.   C.   '56  ;    U.   S.    "59. 

Larimore.  J.  W.      N.   Y.   U.   '56  ;    P.   S.  "58. 

McWilliams.  A.     U.  C.  '50  ;  Newburg  S.  '55. 

Major,  J.  W.      U.  C.   '50  ;   P.  S.  '53. 

Miller,   H.      Leipzig  Univ.   '55. 

Rice.    C.    D. 

Rockwell.  Chs.     Y.  C.  '26;    A.  S.  '34. 

Studdiford,  P.  A.     C.  N.  J.  '49  ;    P.  S.  "52. 

Weiland,  K.   B. 

Wenisch,  J. 


738 


APPENDIX 


New   Brunswick   Seminary. 


Other  Ministers. 


1861-1870. 


1861. 


Blauvelt.   Augustus.      R.   C.    '58. 
Bonney,    Peres   B.      R.   C.   '57. 
(Butiz,  Henry  Anson.     C.  N.  J. 
Drury,  John  Benj.     R.  C.  '58. 
Durand,    Cyrus    B.      R.    C.    '58. 
Duryee,   William   R.     R.   C.   '56. 
(Frazee,  J.  Hatfield.) 
Kip,   Isaac  L.      R.   C.   '55. 
Krum,  Josephus  D.     R.  C.  '58. 
Miller,    William    H. 
Pieters.  Roelof.     R.   C.   '58. 
(Proudfit.   Alexander.      R.    C.    '58.) 
Stanbrough,  Rufus  M.     R.  C.  '58. 
Swick,   Minor.      R.    C.    '58. 
Thompson,    Abram.      R.    C.    '57. 
Vandermeulen,  Jac.  C.     R.   C.  '58. 
Vander  Veen.  Christ.     R.  C.  '58. 
Van  Vranken,  F.  V.     U.  C.  '58. 
Vehslage,  Henry.     C.  C.  N.  Y.   '58. 
Watson,  Thomas  G.     Hob.  C.  '57. 
W^ilson,  Peter  Quick.     R.  C.  '58. 


Gilbert,   A.   F. 

Heermance,  E.  I.     Y.  C.   '58  ;    A.   S.   '61. 
58.)  (Hewling,    George.) 

Little,  J.  A.     C.  C.  N.  Y.  '54;    U.  S.   '57. 
Murray,  C.  D.     Y.  C.  ;    Y.  S. 


1862. 


Beck,  Theodoric  R.      R.  C.   '49. 

Brandt,   Henrv   W. 

Brock,   John  R.      R.   C.    '59. 

Burr,    Marcus.  , 

Collier,   Isaac  Henry.     R.   C.   '59. 

Cornell,  William.      R.  C.   '59. 

Doolittle,   T.  Sanford.      R.   C.  '59. 

Fehrman,    Jacob. 

Garretson,  Gilbert  S.     R.  C.   '59. 

Gulick,  Uriah  D.      R.   C.   '59. 

(Hawes,    Henry    Herbert.) 

Mathews,   John  R.      N.   Y.   U.    '59. 

Mattice,   Abram.      R.    C.   *58. 

Peeke,   Alonzo  P.     R.   C.   '59. 

Rhinehart.  J.   Kelly.     R.   C.   '59. 

Rogers.   Samuel   J.      R.   C.    '59. 

Schermerhorn,   H.   R. 

(Scudder,  S.  D.,  M.  D.     R.  C.  '56.) 

Sebring,   Arad  Joy.      R.  C.   '59. 

Vandermeulen.  John.      R.   C.   '59. 

W^hitbeck.    Richard    M.      R.    C.    '59. 

Wilson,  Frederick  F.      R.   C.   '59. 

Wurts,  ^Villiam  A.     L.  F.  C. 


Betten,  A.   J. 

Clark,  R.  W.     Y.  C.   '38;    And.  S.   "41. 

Connitt,  G.  W.    W.  C.  '49  ;    Ch.  Th.  Inst.  '53. 

Duryea,  Jos.  T.     C.  N.  J.  '56  ;    P.  S.  '59. 

Gardner,   T.   A. 

Gramm,    G.    E. 

Johnson,    H.    H.     Miami   Univ.  ;   Allegh.    S. 

King,  A.  B.     C.  N.  J.  '55  ;    U.  S.  &  P.  S.  '58. 

(Merwin,  M.  T. ) 

Meyer,  Karl.     Univ.  Halls,  '47  ;    Freidberg 

Sem.    '48. 
Veenhuizen,   A.    B. 


1863. 


Ballagh,  ^Villiam  H.     R.  C.  '60. 

Be-irdslee,   John   W.      R.   C.   '60. 

Bogardus,   Francis  M.      R.   C.    '60. 

Bogardus,   William   E.      R.   C.   '60. 

De  Witt,  Richard.     R.   C.  '60. 

Geyer.  Julius  W.      R.  C. 

Hageman,  Andrew  J.      R.  C.   '60. 

Karsten,   John  H.      R.   C.   '60. 

(Lyell,    James.      R.    C.) 

Phraner,  William  H.     N.  Y.  U.  '60. 

Skillman.   William  J.      R.   C.   '60. 

Vermilye,  Dupuytren.     R.  C.  '60. 

Voorhees,   Henry   M.      R.   C.   '59 

Voorhees.   William   B.      R.   C.    '60. 

Wilson.   Charles  W.      R.   C.    '61. 

Winter,  Egbert.      R.   C.   '60. 

Zabriskie,  Jeremiah  L.   C.  C.  Law  Dep.  '54. 


Berger,  M.  L.     ^Vms.  C.   '59;    U.  S.  '62. 

Cochrane,  A.  G.     Mid  C.  '47:  P.  S.  '48. 

Con.<5eul,  G.  D.  W.     Am.  C.  '58  ;    P.   S.  '61. 

(Humpersly.   G.   W. ) 

lap  Han  Chiong.      (Chinese.) 

Kimball,  Jos.     U.  C.  '39  ;  Newburgh  S.  '43. 

Ricketts,  J.  H. 

Le  Tau.      (Chinese.) 

Turner,  Jas. 

White,  G. 


APPENDIX 


739 


New   Brunswick  Seminary. 


1864. 


Other  Ministers. 


Bartholf,   Benj.   A.      R.   C.   '61. 
Bodine,   George   DeWitt.      R.  C.   '61. 
(Borst.  J.   William.     R.  C.  "61.) 
Broek,    Dirk.      R.    C.    '61. 
Cole,   Solomon   T. 
Du.sinberre,  Thos.  S.     R.  C.  '61. 
Garretson.    John. 

Hartranft,   Chester   D.   U.   Pa.    '61. 
Quick,  Abram   M.      R.   C.   '60. 
(Sherwood,  Nathan  M.) 
Van   Benschoten,    W.    B.      R.   C.   '61. 
Van   Doren,   John   H.      R.   C.   '59. 
(Van   Vliet,  Thornton.      R.  C.   '61.) 
(Van   Wagenen,  Wm.  A.     C.  C.  '61.) 
Wyckoff,   James.      R.   C.   '61. 
(Zabri-skie,    William    Pell.) 

Anderson,   Wm.   H.      R.   C.   '62. 
Brett,  Cornelius.     N.  Y.   U.   '62. 
Brush,  Alfred  H.      R.  C.  '62. 
De  Free,  Peter.     R.  C.  '62. 
Doremus,   Joseph   H.      R.    C.    '62. 
Fritz,    Charles    W.      R.    C.    '62. 
Gesner,  Oscar.     R.   C.   '62. 
(Gregory,   Oscar.) 
Horton,  Francis  A.     R.  C.  '62. 
Justin,    John.      R.    C.    '62. 
Lepeltak,    Peter.      R.   C.   '62. 
Merritt,   William   B.      R.   C.   '62. 
Schenk,  John  Van  Nest.     R.  C.  '62. 
Schlieder,  Frederic  E. 
Sebring,   Elbert   N.      R.   C.   '62. 
Statesir.   Benjamin   T.      R.   C.   '62. 
Strong,  Selah  Woodhull.     U.  N.  Y.  '62. 
Van  Slyke,   Evert.      R.   C.   '62. 
Vroom,  William  H.      R.   C.  '62. 
Wells,   Theodore   W.      R.  C.   '62. 
Wyckoff,  DeWitt  B.     R.  C.  '62. 


Blauvelt,  G.  M.  S.     N,  Y.  U.  '50  ;  P.  S.  '53. 
Cobb,  S.  H.     Y.  C.  '582;    P.  S.  '62. 
Collier,  E.  A.     N.  Y.  U.  '57  ;  P.  S.  '60. 
Fenner,  J. 

Hartley,  1.  S.   N.  Y.  U.  '52  ;   U.  S.  &  A.  S.  '56. 
Petrie,  J.     U.  C.  '46  ;    Aub.  S.  '49. 
Schroeder,  A.     W.  C.   '61;   Aub.   S.   '64. 
White,  G.     W.  C.   '61 ;  Aub.  S.  '64. 


1865. 


Arcularius,   And.   M.      R.   C.   '63. 
Brush,   William  W.     R.  C.  '62.   , 
Kiekintveld.   Mannes.      R.   C.   '63. 
Kriekaard.    Adrian.      R.    C.    '63. 
Mills,  George  A.     R.  C.  '63. 
Oggel,  Edward  C.     R.  C.  '63. 
Pool,  Charles  H.     R.   C.   '63. 
(Riggs,  Charles  H.     R.  C.  '62.) 
Seibert,  George  A.     R.  C.  '63. 
(Smith,  William.     R.  C.  '63.) 
Smock,  John  H.      R.  C.  '63. 
Swain,  George  W.     R.  C.  '62. 
Utterwyck,  Henry.     R.  C.  '62. 
(Vile,  Joseph  Mabon.     R.  C.  '63.) 


Bahler,  Lewis  Henri.     R.   C.   '61. 
Bertholf,   James   H.      R.   C.    '64. 
Bogert,   Nicholas  J.   M.      R.   C.   '64. 
(Collins,  Jame.s  M.      Univ  N.   Y.  '64.) 
(Doremus,  Andrew 
Halloway,  Wm.  W. 
Jones,   Thomas  W. 
Kip,  Francis  M.  Jr. 
Rutte,  John  M.     Un. 


J.     R.   C.   '64.) 

U.  N.  Y.  '64. 

R.   C.   '64. 

U.  N.  Y.  '64. 

Utrecht. 
Steinfuhrer,  Chs.  D.  F.     U.  C.  '64. 
Sutphen,   David  S.     R.  C.   '64. 
Van   Arsdale.  N.  H.     R.  C.  '62. 
Van   Buren,  Peter  H.     U.  N.  Y.  '64. 
Van   Doren,  David  K.     R.  C. 
Van  Home,  David.     U.  C.  '64. 
Ward,   Henry.      U.   C.    '64. 
Wyckoff,  Abram  N.     R.  C.  '62. 


Bahler,  P.  B. 

Boyd,  J.  S.  C.     C.   N.  J.   '55 

Clark,  W.  H.     W.  R.  C.  '59  ; 

Cludius,   T. 

Dahlmann,  J.  J.  W. 

Gerhard,   L. 

Koopman,    H.    R. 

Reidenbach,   J.   A. 

Smith,  W.  H. 

Tomb,   J.    S.    L. 


S.   '63. 
S.  '63. 


1866. 


Cobb,  H.  N.     U.  C.  '55  ;  Y.  S.  '57. 
Cooper,  Jac.      Y.   C.   '52  ;   Berlin   Univ.   '54 

Theology,  Halle  and  Berlin. 
Denniston,  J.  O.     Y.  C.  '56  ;  G.  S.  '62. 
Enders.  J..  H.     U.  C.  '58  ;   P.  S.  '61. 
Fairchild,   E.  S.     C.  N.  J.  '56;    A.   S.  '59. 
Frazee,  J.  H.     R.  C.  ;    N.   B.  S. 
Hart,  Chas.  E.     C.  N.  J.  '58  ;  P.  S.  '61. 
Jongeneel,  L.  J. 
Reiley,  D.  T.     R.  C.  '57. 
(Richards,   L.    E. ) 

Roe,  S.  W.     N.  Y.  U.  '47  ;  U.  S.  '51, 
(Schell.  L.) 
Sinclair,  J.  H. 


1867. 


Brown,  W.  S.     C.  N.  J.  '60  ;  P.  S.  '63. 

Carroll,  J.  H.     U.  Pa.  '51  ;    P.  S.  '54. 

De  Beer,  J.   B. 

Eddy,  Z. 

Ettirojooloo.  S.      (Hindoo.) 

Feltch,  J.   H. 

Heyser,    H.    C. 

Hicks.    W.    W. 

Israel.      (Hindoo.) 

John.      (Hindoo.) 

Kellogg,  C.  D.     C.  N.  J.  '61 ;  P.  S. 

Kuyper,  A.  C. 

Liebeneau,  M.  F.    N.  Y.  U.  *39  ;  U.  S.  '41. 

Meury,  J.      St.  Peter's  Col.,  Rome. 

Sherwood,    N.    M.    (2d.) 

Van  Aken,  G.     N.  Y.  U.  '62  ;  P.  S.  '63  ;  U. 

Vander  Veer.   D.   N.     U.  C.   '63;   P.   S.  '66. 
Yasadian.      (Hindu.) 


740 


APPENDIX 


New   Brunsioick    Seminary. 

Allen,   John   Knox.    R.    C.    '65. 
Amerman,  James  L.      U.   N.  Y.  '62. 
(Brown,  Josiah  J.     R.  C.  '60.) 
Campbell,  Alan  D.     R.  C.  '62. 
Davis,  John  A.  James.     R.  C.  '65. 
De  Hart,   William  H.      R.  C.   '65. 
Orant,  Henry  Jesse.      R.  C.   '65. 
Myers,  Henrv  V.  S.     W.  C.  '65. 
.Shaw,  John  Fletcher.     R.  C.   '65. 
Stout,  Henry.      R.   C.   '65. 
Warnshuis,  John  W.     R.  C.  '65. 
Westveer,  Adrian.     R,   C.   '65. 
Zabriskie,  Albert  A.     R.   C.   '65. 


Ackerman,  Edward  G.     R.  C.  '66. 
Berg,  Herman  C.     R.  C.  '66. 
Bookstaver,  Adam  A.     R.  C.  '66. 
Brokaw,  Isaac  P.     R.  C.  '66. 
Hulst,  George  D.      R.  C.  '66. 
(Myers,  A.   E.     W.  C.   '67.) 
Southard,  James  L.     R.  C.  '66. 
Van   Buskirk,   Peter  V.      R.   C.   '66. 
Van  Slyke,  John  G.     R.   C.  '66. 

Hope    Seminary. 

Buursma,  A.     H.  C.  '66.^ 
Dangremond.  G.     H.   C.*'66. 
■Gilmore,  W.  B.     H.  C.  '66. 
Moerdyk.  P.     H.  C.  '66. 
Moerdyk,   W.      H.    C.    '66. 
Te  Winkle.  J.   W.     H.  C.   '66. 
Woltinan,  H.     H.  C.  '66. 

New   Brunswick    Seminary. 

TBergen,  Tunis  G.     R.  C.  '67.) 
Campbell,  James  B.     R.  C.  '70. 
Church,  John  B.     R.  C.  '67. 
Kipp,   Peter  E.    U.   N.   Y.   '67. 
Mead,  Ellas.     R.  C.  '68. 
^uckow,  C.  F.  C. 

Hope   Seminary. 

De  Pree,  Jas.  H.  C.  '67. 
Heeren,  E.  J.  H.  C.  '67. 
Huizinga,  J.  H.  C.  '67. 
Van  Ess,  B.     Kampen. 


1868. 


Other  Ministers. 


Blauvelt,  C.  R.      N.   Y.   U.   '64;   P.   S.  &  U. 

Cleghorn,  E.'   B.      P.   S.   '50. 

De  Bey,  B. 

Deyo,  P.  T. 

Farmer,  S.  F.     Frank.  C.  '50.     Can.  S.  '54. 

Hopkins,  D.      U.  S.  '68. 

Hoyt,  S.  A. 

Meerwein,  O.     Univ.  Berlin  '62  ;    U.  S.  *6». 

Noble,  G.  P.     W.  C.  '65  ;  U.  S.  '68. 

Paton,   T. 

Renskers,  J.  G. 

Riley,   Is.      Y.   C.   '58  ;   U.   S.   '61. 


1869. 


Bechthold,  A.  H. 

Branch,    H. 

Banner,  J.  L.     Bel.  C.  '63  ;  U.  S.  '67. 

Ferris,  Wm. 

Gamble,   S.  T.      Jeff.  C.   '68  ;   P.   S.   '70. 

Haring,  Garret. 

Ingersoll,  E.  P.     W.  C.  '55  ;  A.  S.  '63. 

Johnson,  W.  L.     Lincoln  Univ.  '69  ;  U.  S. 

Ludlow,  J.  M.     C.  N.  J.  '61;  P.  S.  '64. 

Mershon,   S.   L.      C.   N.   J.   '50;   P.   S.   '53. 

Orr,  T.  X.     JefC.  C.  '57  ;    Allegh.  S.  '63. 

Peffers.  A.   B.      N.   Y.   U.   '50  ;   U.   S.   '53 

Shaw,  A.     U.  S.   '69. 

Smith,  M.   B.      Epis.  Sem.  Va.  '59. 

Stockwell,  A.  P.     A.   C.  '62  ;   U.   S.   '65. 

Viele,  J.   P.      U.  C.   '61  ;   P.   S.   '64. 

Wadsworth,"C.     U.  C.  '37;  P.  S.  '40. 


1870. 


Carr.  W.  H. 

Crolius,  P.  B.     C.  C.  N.  Y. 

Crosby,  A.     R.  C.  '68  ;  N.  B.  S,  &  U.  S.  '70. 

Cumming.s,   L. 

Forsyth,  Jas.  C. 

Gleason,  W.  H.     Y.  C.  '53. 

Huntington,  H.  L.     C.  N.  J.  '50  ;  Aub.  S.  & 

P.   S.  '54. 
Lord,  E.     W.  C.  '43  ;  Aub.  S.  '46. 
Losch,   H. 
Myers,  A.  E.    W.  C.  '66  ;    N.   B.  S.  '67  ;    P. 

S.  '69  ;    U.  S.  '70. 
Ormiston.  W.     Victoria  C,  Coburg  '48. 
(Pettengill.) 
Riggs,  A.   B.     Jeff.  C.  '63  ;  Aub.  S.   '69  ;   U. 

S.  '70. 
Williams,  R.  R.      U.   S.  '70. 
Windemuth,   G. 
Wood,  A.     Dart.  C.  '34  ;  A.  S. 
Wolff,  C.  H.  H.  Aub.  S.  '70. 


1871-1880. 
1871. 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 

Bahler,  Peter  G.  M.     R.  C.  '68. 
Carroll,  Vernon  B.     R.  C.  '68. 

(Crosby.  Arthur.     R.  C.  '68.) 
Davis.  William  E.     R.  C.  '68. 

(Hamlin.  Teunis  G.     U.  C.  '67.) 

Oliver.   Matthew   N.      U.   C.   '57. 

(Vanderveer,  Pet.  L.     R.  C.  '68.) 
"Van  Doren.  Wm.  H.     R.  C.  '67. 

(Voorhees,  Louis  B.     C.  N.  J.  '68.) 

Hope  Seminary. 

Broek.  J.      H.   C.   '68. 
Vandekreek.  G.     H.   C.   '68. 
Visscher,   Wm. 


Beekman.  J.  S.     C.  N.  J.  '57  ;  P.  S.  '60. 

Choan-Thiang-Kit.      (Chinese.) 

De  Jonge,  W.  P. 

Griswold,  J.  V.     U.  C.  '65  ;  U.  S.  '68. 

Hutton,  A.  J. 

Keating,   T. 

Kershaw,    J.      U. 

Lockwood,  J.  H. 

Magee,    G.    A. 

Mattice,  H. 

McAdam.    H. 

Nichols.  Thos.     C.  N.  J.  '56  ;  U.  S.  '60  ;  A. 

S.  '61. 
Reichart.  J.  F. 
Schweitzer,   E. 


S.    '68. 
W.  C.  '68  ;   P.  S.  '71. 


APPENDIX 


741 


Other  Ministers. 

Snyder,  G.  M.     Ham.  C.  '68  ;   U.  S.   '71. 

StelTons,    N.    M. 

TioiiK    luli.       {Chmc.sc.) 

V'aiulei'kley,  W. 

Van  Doren,  L.  H.     C.   N.  J.  '31. 

Voorhees,  L.  B. 

Weber,  Jac. 


1872. 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 

Cornet,  Edward. 
Doig,  Rober.     R.  C.  '69. 
(Griftis,   William  E.      R.   C.   '69.) 
Hart,  John.     R.  C.  '69. 
Hill,  William  J.     R.  C.  '70. 
Lodewick,  Edward.  R.  C.  '69. 
Sfheiiok.   Ferd.   S.     C.   N.   J.   '65  ;   Al. 
S.   '67. 

Hope   Seminary. 

Borsens,  H.     H.  C.  '68. 
Vander  Hart,  E.     H.  C.  '69. 


New   Brunswick   Seminary. 

Ander.son,  Asher.     R.  C.  '70. 
((Jarretson,  Geo.   R.     R.   C.   '70.) 
(Jones,   Charles  J.  K.     R.   C.   '70.) 
(Knickerbocker,   D.   M.      R.   C.   '70.) 
Labaw,  (George  W.     R.  C.   '69. 
Lasher,  Calvin  Ed.     R.  C.   '70. 
(McLaury,  John  P.     R.  C.  '70.) 
Pearse,   Nicholas.      R.   C.    '70. 
Pearse,   Richard   A.      R.    C.    '70. 
Schenek,  Jacob  W.     R.  C.  '70. 
Taylor,  (Jrahani.      R.   C.   '70.    " 
Van  Deventer,  J.  C.      U.  N.  Y.   '70. 


Beattie,  R.  H.     U.  C.  '34. 
Chambers.  T.  F.     C.  C.  N.  Y.  '68  ;  U.  S.  '70. 
JJuiker.  A. 

Inglis,   D.      Edinburgh   Univ.   '41. 
•Johnson,  Andrew. 

Park,  A.  J.     N.  Y.  U.  '63  ;  U.  S.  '66. 
Pool,   G.   H. 

Smart,  J.  G.     Am.  C.   '68  ;  P.  S.  '71. 
Steffens,  N.  M.     Kamiier  Theo.  Sem. 
Stitt,  W.  C.     C.  N.  J.  '56;  P.  S.   '60. 
Whitehead,  J.  H.     W.  C.   '69;   U.  S.  '72. 
Young,  A.   H.      Miami   Univ.   "59  ;   Lane   S. 
'63. 


iS7a. 


Bagley,  F.  H.     Ham.   C.   '70  ;    U.  S.   '73. 
(Ball,    J.    A.) 
15ean,    A. 

Oosker,  N.  H.     Groningen  Univ.  '49. 
Francis,  L.      Univ.  of  Vt.   '56  ;   A.  S.   '60. 
Harris.  H.  R. 
Masden,   C.   P. 

Handles,  W.  N.    U.  C.  '59  ;  Xenia  S.  '63. 
Van   Emmerick,   G.   I. 

Wolfe,  G.  L.     Danville  Sem.  Kv.  '61  ;  P.  S. 
'62. 


Hope   Seminary. 

Boer,  H.  K.     H.  C.  '70. 
De  Bruyn,  P.     H.  C.  '70. 
De  Spelder,  J.  A.  H.  C.  '70. 
Zwemer,  J.  F.     H.  C.  '70. 

AVtr.   Brunswick  Seminary. 

Benfon.  Aaron  W.     R.  C.  '71. 
<5arretson,  James  C.      R.   C.   '71. 
Hageman.    Andrew.      R.    C.    '71. 
Todd,   William   N.      R.   C.   '71. 
Veenschoten,  Wm.     H.  C.  '71. 
Wyckoff,  John   H.      R.   C.   '71. 


Hoffman,   J. 
Neerken.  N. 


Hope    Seminary. 

H.   C.    '71. 
H.    C.   '71. 


1874. 


A  lion,    A.    W. 

.'Vnd.T.son,  C.  T.     C.  N.  J.  '69  ;  P.  S.  '7:i. 

Bartlctt.  D.  K.      U.  C.  '54  ;  P.   S.   '58. 

Heekman,  A.  J.     C.  N.  J.  ;  U.  S.  '74. 

Bell,   G.    B.      Y.   C.   "52;   U.   S.    '59. 

(  Butler,  A.  J.) 

Dysart,  J.  P.      U.  C.  '65  ;    IT.  P.  S.  '68. 

Kvans,   C.    P. 

Ford,  W.  H.      U.   S.  '73. 

Fowler,   W.   C.      IJ.   S.   '70. 

Haines.  M.  L.     Wab.  C.  '71  ;    IJ.  S.  '74. 

Handy,  W.  C.     C.  N.  J.  '55  :  Danville  Sem. 

'57. 
Hulst.  L.  J. 

Miller,   E.   R.      «'.   N.   J.   '67:    P.   S.   '70. 
fiederus.    P.       Kampen    '52. 
Kii-ke.    H. 
Sharirley,   G. 
Saul.  G. 
Stoll,  A. 

Taylor.  Cr.  I.     U.   C..   '43  ;    I'.   S.   '47. 
W.iland,   K.  B. 

Williams.  R.  G.     C.  N.  J.  'TO;    P.  S.  '73. 
Young,    C.    J. 
Watermuelder,  L. 

Wood.  Chs.  W.     Koch.  Univ.  '64  :  P.  S    '67. 
Zindler.    CJ.      Miss.    House,    Franklin.    Wis. 

•74. 


Hnmei'ton   (\    Lmiilon. 


742 


APPENDIX 


New   Brvnsivick    Seminary. 


Other  Ministers. 


1875. 


Craig,   Horace   P. 
Harper,  Joseph  Alex.     R.  C.  '73. 
Hoffman,   William  H.      R.   C.   '72. 
Leggett,   William  J.      R.   C.   '72. 
Matthews,  Alg.   S.      Elizabeth  C. 
Miller,  Ben.  C.  Jr.      R.  C.   '72. 
Hies,  George  Adam.  R.  C.  '72. 
Van   Neste.  John  A.      R.   C.   '72. 
Van  Vranken,  H.   H.      M.   U.   '72. 

Hope    Srminary. 

Hazenberg,   W. 
Wormser,   A.      H.    ('.    '7;;. 


Betz,  W.  F. 

Bishop,  G.  S.     A.  S.  '58  ;  G.  S.  &  P.  S.  '54. 

Dickson.  H.  R.  Charleston  Col.  '58,  Co- 
lumbia   Sem.     '61. 

Elterich,  W.  L. 

Gardner,  J.  S.     C.  N.  J.  '71  ;  U.  S.  '76. 

Garretson,  G.  R.  R.  C.  '70  ;  N.  B.  S.  '71  ; 
U.    S.   '74. 

Gulick,  Alexander.  R.  C.  '35  ;  U.  S.  '39, 
(2d.) 

Hageman,   J.   W.      C.   N.   J.   '72;    U.   S.   "75. 

Lang,  J.  E.     Swiss  Inst.   '65. 

McDermond.   C.  H. 

Neef,   G.   L. 

Perry,  Wm.  D.     Am.  C.   '70  ;   U.  S.   74. 

Schick,   G.   B. 

Thoms.  J.  F. 


New   JJransicick   Seminary. 

Allen,  Frederick  E.     R.  C.  '73. 
Cleveland,  George  H.     R.  C.   '73. 
Conklin.   John   W.      R.   C.    '71. 
Demarest,    James    S.    N,      R.   C.    '72. 
Devries,    Henry. 
Harris,   Howard.      R.    C.   '73. 
(Hawxhurst.    Dan'l    T.      R.    C.    '73.) 
Killough,  Walter  \\'.     Dav.  C.  '73. 
Kirkpatrick,   M.   R.      Dav.   C.   '75. 
Martine,  Abram   I.      R.  C.  '73. 
(Pitcher,  Charles  W.      R.  C.   '73.) 
Schenck.   Isaac   S.      R.   C.   '73. 
Van  Aken,  Alex.  G.      R.   C.   '73. 
Van   Allen,    Ira.      R.    C.    '73. 
Vanderwart.   H.      H.  C.  '73. 
Van   Fleet.  Jacob  O.     R.  C.   '73. 
Wallace,  W.   G.   F.     Dav.   C.   '73. 
Wright,   Charle.s   S.    R.    C.    '73. 


Hope     Sein  itinry. 

Baker,  F.  P. 

Meulendvk.  J.      H.  C.  '73. 

Nies,  H.   E.     H.   C.   '73. 


AUeg.    & 


Adams,  R.  L. 

Ashley,   A.    W. 

Bantley,  John. 

Cook,  W.  W.     R.  C.  '73  ;  U.  S.  '76. 

Handy,  W.  C.     C.  N.  J.  '53  ;  Danv.  S.  '57. 

Howell,   H.   A. 

Hoyt,  J.  H.     U.  C.  '73  ;  U.  S.  '76. 

Hutchins,    J.       Univ.    Wis.    '73 

U.   S.  '76. 

Kern,  F.     Leipzig  Univ.  ;  Du  Buque  S.  '68. 
(Lawrence,   D.   W. ) 
Martvn,  W.  C.     U.  S.  '69. 
(McKinlev,   G.    A.) 
Milliken,  R.  P. 
Ogden,    I.    G. 

Plumley,  G.  S.     Y.  C.  '50  ;  U.  S.  '55. 
Powell,  H.  A.      U.   C.   '73  ;   U.   S.   '76. 
Schulke,  P.  F. 
Shaffer.    J.    F. 
Westerfield,  Wm. 
Whitehurst,   J. 
Zubli,   E.   B. 


C.  C.  N.  Y.  '64  ;    U.  S.  '68. 


Neio   Urtmswick    Seminary. 

Brokaw,  Ralph  W.     R.   C.  '74. 
Davis,    Titus   Elwood.      R.    C.    '74. 
Gutweiler,   Ernest.      C.  C.   N.   Y.   '74. 
Higgins,  Charles  W. 
Kriekaard.   Cornel.      H.   C.    '74. 
Krueger,  Chas.  H.  T.      R.  C.   '74. 
Lansing,  John  G.     U.  C.  '75. 
(Laurence,    Wm.   H.      R.   C.    '71.) 
Lvdecker,  George  D.     R.  C.  '74. 
(Marvin.    Fred.    R.,    M.    D.      C.    C.    Med. 

Department    '70.) 
Rederus.    Sipko.      Gym.    Kamp.    Neth. 
Streng,   Samuel.      H.  C.  '71. 
Talma°-e.    David    M.      R.    C.    '74. 
(Van   Halteren.   Jac.      H.   C.    '73.) 
Van   Pelt,  Daniel.     C.  C.  N.    V.   '74. 


Buck,  C.  D.    (2d).     U.  S.   '49. 

Griffls,  W.   E.     R.  C.  '69  ;  N.  B.  S.  •69-'70 

U.  S.  '77. 
Lawrence,  E.  C.     U.  C.  '69  ;  P.   S.   '75. 
Lloyd,   W.    S. 
Meulendyk,   ,1. 
Nathaniel   M.     (Hindu.) 
Ogawa.      (Jap.) 
Okuno.      (Jap.) 
Rosenberg,  F.   W. 
Schlegel,  J. 
Schultz,  E. 
Warn.shuis,   H.   W. 
Whitehurst,   J.      Brooklyn   Lay   C.    '75 


APPENDIX 


743 


Hope   Seminary. 

Vander  Ploeg,  H.     H.  C.  '74. 
VV'abeke.   C.      H.   C.   '74. 

Hope  Seminary  Class  of  1878. 

(Dosker.  H.  E.     H.  C.  '79.) 
(Dykstra,   L.      H.    C.    '75.) 
(Hoekje.   J.      H.   C.   '73.) 

Hope   Seminary   Class   of    1879. 

(Pfanstiehl.    A.      H.    C. ) 
(Visscher,  J.) 

Hope   Seminary   Class  of   1880. 

(Van  Oostenbrugger.  Cor.     H.  C.  '76.) 
Theological  Instruction  Suspended  in  Hope 
Seminary  1877-1884. 


Other  Ministers. 


1878. 


New   Brjinswick    Seminary. 

Barr,   Robert   H.      R.   C.   '75. 
Dykstra,   Lawrence.     H.   C.   '75. 
Graham.  James  Ed.      R.  C.   '71. 
Griffin.   Walter  T.      R.   C.   '75. 
Hendrickson.   H.   A.      R.  C.   '75. 
Hoekje,  John.     H.  C.  '73. 
Janeway,  Harry  L.     R.  C.   '74. 
Kemlo,   James.      R.   C.   '75. 
Lock  wood,  Louis  J.     R.  C.  '75. 
Oppie.  John.     R.   C.  '74. 
Pockman,   P.  T.      R.   C.   '75. 
Ravmond.  A.  V.  V.      U.  C.   '75. 
Salisbury,   John   H.      R.    C.    '75. 
Searle,   John   P.      R.   C.   '75. 
Slocum,  George.  M.  D.     U.  C.  '72. 
Walser.   Oliver  H.      R.  C.   '75, 
AVyckoff,   Ben.  V.   D.     R.  C.  '75. 


Bergen,   John   H. 
Booth.   Eugene   S.      R.   C.   '76. 
Cox.   Henrv  Miller.      R.   C.   '76. 
Ditmars.  C.   P.     R.   C.   '76. 
(Dosker,  Henrv  Elias.     H.  C.  '76.) 
Duryee,   Joseph   R.      R.   C.    '74. 
House.   Isaac   E. 
Lawsing,  Sidnev  O.  R.  C.  '74. 
Lyall,  John   Ed.      R.   C.   '76. 
Milliken.   Peter  H.     R.  C.   '76. 
Nasholds.    W.   H.      R.   C.   '76. 
Schomp.  William  W.     R.  C.  '76. 
Stalls,   Bergen   B.      R.   C.   '76. 
(Sutphen.  James  G.     R.  C.  '75.) 
Taylor,  William  R.     R.  C.  '76. 
Walden.   Islay. 


Birdsall,    Edward. 

Force.    Frank   A.      H.    C.    '76. 

Hekhuis,   Lambertus.      H.   C.   '77. 

(Herr.    Louis  T. ) 

Kolyn,    Matthew.     H.    C.   '77. 

Ma.son.   Alfred   D.      A.   C.   *77. 

Polhemus.   C.   H.      R.   C.    '77. 

(Vanderveer,  John  Q,      R.   C.   '77.) 

Van   Doom,  Marinus. 

Van  Oostenbrugge.  G.  E.  C.     H.  C. 


Edmondsoii,  J. 

Enos,  C.  A.     Ham.  C.  '74  ;   U.  S.  '78. 

McLeod,  T.  B.     C.  N.  J.  '70;  P.  S.  '73. 

Matzke    H 

Mitchel'l.  S'.  S.     C.  N.  J.  '61  ;  P.  S.  '64. 

Moore,  W.  L.     R.  C.  "54  ;  P.  S.   '57. 

Offord,    R.    M. 

Reed,    E.   A.   Aub.    S.   '71. 

Schultz,  E. 

Sebastian,   S.  A.      (Hindu.) 

Smart,  J.  G. 

Yasukawa.       (Jap.) 

Yoshida.    (Jap.) 


1879. 


Anderson.  Chs.     U.  C.  '40;    Aub.  S.  '43. 
Billingslev,   J.   A.      Waynesbrg.    C.    '78  ;    Y. 

S.  &  U.  S.   '80. 
Coe,  E.  B.     Y.  C.  '62  ;    Y.  S.  &  U.  S.  '63. 
Clearwater,  C.  K.    C.  C.  N.  Y.  '76  ;    U.  S.  '79. 
Dosker,  H.  E.     H.  C.  '76  ;  McCor.  S.  '79. 
Fitzgerald.    T. 
Girtauner.  C. 
Kremer.    J. 

Lott,   L.    W.      C.    N.   J.    '76  ;    U.    S.    '79. 
M-cCorkle,  W.  R. 
Minor,  A.  D.     R.  C.  '76. 
Polhemus,  I.  H.     Wms.  C.  '75  ;  U.  S.  '79. 
Rex,   H.   L. 
Young.  C.  J. 


1880. 


'76. 


Blaetgen.    J.      Mercersbrg.    &   Tiffin. 

Brodhead,   W.   H. 

Brown.  T.   S.      U.  C.   '44;  P.  S.   '47. 

Brown,  W.   W.     Wms.   C.   '66  ;   U.   S.   '77. 

Cort.  C.    Fr.  &  Marshall  C.  '60  ;    Mers.  S.  '62. 

Davis,   Wesley.     Wesleyan    Univ.   Ct.   '68. 

Easton,   T.   C.     Edinburgh   Univ. 

Hopkins.   F.   E. 

King,  A.  A. 

Lloyd,    William. 

Moses,   N.      (Hijidu.) 

Reiner.   J.   H. 

Rubinkarn.   R.   I. 

Smith.   Wm.      R.   C.   '63  :   N.    B.   S.   •63-'4. 

Thatcher.  C.  O.     U.  C.  '64;  P.  S.  '67. 

William,  Ab.      (Hindu.) 


744 


APPENDIX 


New  Brunswick   Seminary. 


1881-1890. 


Other    Ministers. 


Bogardus,   Henry  J.     R.  C.   '78. 
(Groeneveld,  John   C.     H.  C.   *78.) 
Harmeling,  S.  J.     H.  C.   '78. 
Le  Fevre,  George.     R.  C.  '78. 
Owens,  James  Henry.     R.  C.  '78. 
(Tears,   Egbert.     R.   C.   '78.) 
Vanderveer,  L.     U.  C.  '78. 
Vaughan,   Jonah.      R.    C.    '78. 
Williamson,  Wm.  H.     R.  C.  '73. 


Andrus,  John  C.     Col.  U.  '73. 
Arnolt,  William  M.      S.  "G. 
De  Bey.   Dirk  John.      H.  C.   '79. 
Gebhard,  John  G.      H.  C.   '78. 
Hageman,  Herman,  Jr.     R.  C.  '79. 
Hageman,   Peter  K.     R.   C.   '79. 
Kimura,   Kumage.      H.    C.    '79. 
Niemeyer,  George.     H.  C.  '79. 
Oghimi,  Motoitero.  (Japanese.)    H.  C. 
Rockefeller,  DeW.  G.     R.  C.   '79. 
Scarlett,  John.     R.  C.  '79. 
Schenck,  Cornelius.     R.   C.   '79. 
Scudder.  E.  C,  Jr.     R.   C.   '79. 
Scudder,  William  H.     R.  C.  '78. 
Shafer.   Theodore.     R.   C.   '79. 
Stilhvell,  John  L.     R.  C.  '79. 
Van  Dyck,  Alex.  S.     C.  C.  N.  Y.  '79. 
Venema,  Ame.     H.  C.   '79. 
Wormser,   William.      C.    U.    I.    '79. 


Baas,  William  G.     H.  C.  '80. 
(Cameron,  Herbert  H.     R.  C.  '80.) 
Demarest,   Nathan   H.      R.   C.   '80. 
Gowen,   Isaac  W.      R.   C.   '79. 
Huizinga,  Abel  H.     H.   C.   '80. 
Perlee.  Clarence  M.     R.  C.  '80. 
Scarlett,  George  W.     R.  C.  '80. 
See,  Edwin  F.     R.  C.  '80. 
Staehli,   John. 

Stegeman,  Abraham.  H.   C.   '80. 
Vaughan,  William.     R.  C.  '80. 


1881. 

Anderson,  Wm.     R.  C.  '75  ;  P.  S.  '79. 

Blair,   H.   P. 

Evans,   C.   P. 

French,    H. 

Goebel,  L.     Bloomfield  S.  '80  ;   U.   S.  '81. 

Groneveld,  J.   C. 

Hill,  E. 

Hutton,  A.  J.     Wms.  C.  '66  ;  Aub.  S.  '71. 

Klein,   C.   T.    A. 

Knox,  W.  W.     P.   U.  '62;  P.  S.  '66. 

Kyle,  J.  R.     Miami  U.  '59  ;  Xenia  Seni.  '63. 

Moelling,    P.    A. 

Nickerson,   N.   F.      U.   S.   '74. 

Schmolz,    C. 

Schwartzbach,    C.    H. 

Smyth,  G.   H.      xM.  Y.   U.  '62  ;    Allegh.   S.  & 

P.  S.  '64. 
Terry,   Roderick.      Y.   C.   '70;   And.    S.    '72; 

U.    S.    -75. 
Thomas,  M.     Wms.  C.   '67  ;  U.  S.  '69. 
Waters.    D.      Toronto    Univ.    '59  ;    Sem.    of 

U.    P.    Ch. 

1882. 

Cruikshanks,  Jas.      Y.   C.   "54  ;   And.   S.   '46. 
Mills,    B.   Fay. 
Parsons,   Andrew. 
Read,  E.   G.      C.   N.   J. 
Rank,  E.  J.     C.  C.  '79  ;  U.  S. 
Van  den  Hook,  J.  H. 

Wessels,  P.  A.     Wms.  C.  ;  Drew  Sem.   '78  ; 
Aub.     S.     '79. 
'79.     Westing,   Evert.      H.   Acd.   U.   P.    S. 


'61  ;   P.   S.   '65. 


1883. 


Andreae,  G.    N.  W.  Col.  '76  ;    Eden. Sem.  '72. 
Borden,  E.  W. 

Boyd,   J.   C.    (2d)      C.   N.   J.   '55. 
Chapman,  J.  W.     Lake  For.  Uni.  '79  ;  Lane 

Sem.   '82. 
Curtis,  M.  M.     Ham.  C.  '80  ;  U.  S.  '83. 
De  Jonge,  J.  B.     H.  C.  '80;  McCor.  S.  '83. 
Ford,    Wm.    H.    (2d).      U.    S.    73. 
Dickson,  J.  M.      Dart.   C.   '53  ;     U.   S.  '57. 
Ganss,  J.  J.    Bassel,  '79  ;    Karl's  Schule,  '80. 
Hagar,  A.  H.      Bloomfield  Sem.  '83. 
Huyzer,    G. 

Kavanagh.  J.  F.  E.     P.  S.  '83. 
King,   J.   F.      C.   C.   N.   Y.   '79  ;   U.    S.   '83. 
Lubach,    W. 
McGibbon.  A.   W. 
McGiffert,  W.  H.      Aub.   S.  '58. 
Masillamani,    A.       (Hindu.) 
Meury,  E.  A.     Bloomfield  Acad.  &  Sem.  '83. 
Murgatroyd.  E.  R.   C.  C.  N.  Y.  '79  ;   U.  S.  '83. 
Noyes,   S.   D.     Am.   C.   '66. 
Shook.  H    H. 
(Strail.   H.  A.) 
Smit.    John 
Terbourp,  J.   E. 
Van  Dyck,  E.  D.    N.  Y.  U.  '80  ;  U.  S.  '83. 


APPENDIX 


745 


-Veir   Hnta.swick   Seminary. 


1884. 


Other   Minifitei's. 


Conklin.   Marion  T.     R.  C.  '81. 
Oane,  Josiah  E.     R.  C.  "81. 
Davis,  Joseph  P.      U.   C.   '81. 
Demarest,  Alfred   H.      R.   C.   '79. 
Dutton,   Charles  S.      H.   C.   '81. 
Cofbel.  Gustavus.     A.  T.  '81. 
(  Huiidhausen,    Ernest.) 
Kommers,  Tinis  John.      H.  C.  '81. 
l^oucks.  Joel.     R.   C.   '81. 
Preyer.   D.   Charles.     A.   G.   '79. 
Ruhl.   Frederick  W.      R.   C.   '70-'72. 
Schmitz.  William,  Jr.     R.  C.   '81. 
Smitz.   Bastian.      H.   C.   '81. 
Stephen.s,  George  H.     R.  C.   '81. 
Taylor,   Livingston  L.      R.   C.   '81. 
rndervvood,  H.  G.      U.  N.  Y.  '81. 
Verbrycke.  J.  R.     R.  C.  '81. 
Wyckoff.   Garret,   Jr.      R.   C.   '81. 


Bailey,    J.    W. 

Guenther,  J.  C.    Bloomfield  C. '76  ;    Sem. '79. 

(lUlick,    Jac. 

Haines.  F.  S.     C.  N.  J.  '78  ;    U.  S.  '83. 

Johnson,  A.    C.  N.  J.  '72  ;  P.  S.  &  U.  S.  '75. 

Joldersma.  R.  H.  H.  C.  '81  ;  McCor.  Sem.  '84. 

Manchee,  Wm.  Hackney  C.  &  Sem.,  Lon- 
don, Eng. 

Martin,   D.   H.      C.  C.  N.   Y.   '81;   U.   S.   '84. 

Riggs,  J.  F.     C.  N.  J.  '72  ;  U.  S.  '78. 

Schmidt.   N. 

Unglaub.  H.  Bloomfleld  Acad.  '80  ;  BI. 
Sem.    '8,3. 

Van  Houte,  Jacob. 

Veenker,  G.  Miss.  House.  Franklin.  Wis. 
'82. 


1885. 


Beekman.  Theo.  A.     R.  C.  '82. 
Cranmer.  William  S.     R.  C.  '82. 
Kagg.  John  G.      H.   C.   '81. 
i;ill(-.«pie.  John  H.  R.  C.   '82. 
.Moffett.  Edwin  O.  R.  C.  '82. 
-Mulford,  H.  Du  Bois.     R.  C.  '81. 
Pitcher.    Philip  W.      R.   C.   '82. 
.Skellenger.  D.   AV.      R.   C.   '82. 


Beekman,  A.     C.  N.  J.   U.  S.    (2d.) 

Darrach,   W.    B. 

De  Bruyn,  J.   A. 

De  Mont,  W.  A.     R.  C.    80  ;  U.  S.  '85. 

Erhardt,  F.  C.  Bloomfleld  C.  '79  ;  Sem.  '82. 

Janssen,    R. 

Jones,  C.  H.     N.  Y.   U.    82  ;    U.   S.  '85. 

Kern,    S. 

Koechli.  F. 

Long,  E.  C.    Cumb.  Univ.  '79  :  Cumb.  Sem. 

'81  ;     U.    S.    '82. 
Millett,    S. 

Murray,   C.   P.      C.   N.   J.   '72  ;     P.   S.   '75. 
Scarlet,  J.  H.    (2d.)  R.  C.  '79  ;  N.  B.  S.  '82. 
Scudder,   L.  R.'  C.   N.  J.   '82  :   Hartford  S. 

'85. 
Teller,  H.   W.  R.   C.   P.   S. 
Ti  Peng.     (Chinese.) 
Whitney,    W.    W. 
Zwemer,  F.  J.     H.  C.  '80  ;  McCor.  S.  '85. 


1886. 


Ayltr.  Junius  C. 
Blekkink.  E.  John.     H.   C.   '83. 
Brandow.  J.  Henrv.     R.  C.  '83. 
Chamberlain.   W.   C.      R.   C.   '82. 
f'ollier.  Z.     R.  C.  '83. 
Dyk.   Jacob.      H.   C.   '83. 
Laubenheimer.   John.      R.   C.    '83. 
Morri.son.    John.      R.    C.    '82. 
Oltmans.  Albert.     H.  C.  '83. 
Palmer,  Robert  V.     R.  C.  '83. 
(Scholten.   D.     H.   C.   '83.) 
Stapelkamp,  Evert  W.     H.  C.  '83. 
Williams.   David   F. 


Bergen,  J.   T.    R.   C.   '83  ;    U.   S.    '86. 

Henderson,  W.  J.     C.  N.  J.  '70  ;  P.  S.  '73. 

Hill,  W.   B.     Har.   C.   '79  ;   U.   S.  '86. 

Junor,  K.  F.     Toronto  Univ.  '69  ;    U.  S.  '73. 

Kittridge,  A.  E.    Wms.  C.  '54  ;  And.  S.  '59. 

McCullom,   E.   A. 

Niehoff,  J. 

Rankin,  J.  J.    Wms.  C.  '76  ;    U.  S.  &  P.  S.  '80. 

Schaefer.  F.     H.  C.   '83. 

Sewall,   A.   C.      W.   C.   '67  ;   Aub.   S.   '70. 

Trimmer,   J.   A. 


Western  Seminary. 
.Scholten,  D.     H.  C.  '83  :  N.  B.  S.  '83-4. 

Neio   Brit,nswick    Seminary. 
(.\rnolt.  Edward  M.     Johns  Hopkins  '«3.) Berry.  J.  R.     R.  C.  '47;  N.  B.  S.  '50   (2d.> 


1887. 


Beekman.    Peter    S.      R.    C. 
Koyer.   Edward  J.     C.   U.   I. 
•  ■rispfli.  Peter.     R.   C.  '84. 
Davis,   George.      R.    C.    '84. 
Dickhaut.   D.   E.  R.   C.  '84. 
Thompson.   John   A.      R.   C. 


'84. 
'84. 


'84. 


(Van   Krackle.   Henry.      R.  C.   '84.) 


Boggis,  H. 

Brown,   F M.     U.  C.  '60;   U.   S.   '63. 

Bruce.  W.  P.     R.  C.  '84  ;  U.  S.  '87. 
Diephuis.    Jac.      Kampen.    S.   '65. 
Elliker.  S. 
Emerick.  I.  P.    Susquehanna  Univ.  &  Theo. 

Dept.   1886. 
Freund,   J.   W. 


746 


APPENDIX 


Western  Seminary. 


Other  Ministers. 


De  Jonge,  G.     H.  C.   '82. 
Hog-enboom,    S. 
Hospers,  G.  H.    H.   S.   '84. 
Ihrman,  P.     H.  S.  '82. 


Hinds,    H.    C. 
Hogeboom,   S.   M. 
John.   C.    C.   A.   L. 
Knox,  T.     C.  C.  "82 


U.  S.  '86. 


Millett,  Joseph.     Wesleyan  Inst.   Eng.   '72. 

Schaefer,  D.     Miss.  House  Coll.  Wis.  '82. 

Smith,   M.      U.   C.   '65;    U.  S.   '67;    Lane  S. 

Tracey,  W.   H.     Aub.   S.  '82. 
Van  Hetloo,  E. 
Zlegler,   A.   G. 


1888. 


New   Brunswick   Seminary. 

Allen,   J.   M.      R.   C.    '85. 
Boocock.  W.   H.      R.   C.   '85. 
Demarest,    W.    H.    S.      R.    C.    '83. 
De  Vries,  J.  H.     R.  C.  '81. 
Myaki,    Aragi.      D.    E.    S. 

Western  Seminary. 

Hekhuis.  G.   J.      H.   C.   '85. 
(Shuman,  Peter.) 
Vanden   Berg,  A.     H.   C.   '85. 
Wayenberg,    P.      H.    C.    ^5. 


Allen,  P.  A. 

Barnum,  F.  S.  Wesley  Univ.,  Middle- 
town,    Conn.    '59. 

Baumeister.    J. 

Beaver,  J.  P.    Urs.  C.   '80  ;  Aub.   S.   '83. 

Beyer,  A.   F.      Dub.   C.    '76  ;   Dan.   S.   '79. 

Brooks,  J.  W.     R.  C.  '81;  U.   S.   '84. 

Burrows,   C.   W. 

Chapin.  C.   B.      C.   N.   J.   '76  ;   U.   S.   '80. 

Cobb,  H.  E.     R.  C.  '84  ;  P.  S.  '88. 

Crousas,    J.    S. 

Duiker,  Roeloff    (2d.) 

Dunlap,    John. 

Gesman,    N.    J. 

Gibson,  J.  R. 

Jones,  C.  A.     Am.  C.  '85  ;  U.  S.  '88. 

Kinney,   C.  W. 

Leland,  H.  D.  L.     Y.  C.  '85  ;  U.  S.  '88. 

Lloyd,  J.  E.     C.  N.  J.  '74  ;  P.  S.  '77. 

Macardell,  G.  E.      U.  C.  ;  Alton.  Sem. 

Morton,  T.     Mad.  U.  '79  ;  U.  S.  '89. 

Norris,   J.   A.      R.   C.   '82  ;    U.    S.    '85. 

Palmer,   F.      Ham.   C.    '81  ;   Aub.   S.   '88. 

Porter,  C.  F.     Ham.  C.  '84  ;  Aub.  S.  '87. 

Sangree,  H.  H.  Mercersb.  C.  '80;  U.  S.  '83. 

Schock,   J.   J.      Wesleyan   Univ.,   Ct.    '76. 

Thyne,  J.  B.  U.  C.  '58;  United  Pres.  T.  S. 
'61. 


New   Brtinswick   Seminary. 

Cantine,   Jas.   U.   C.   '83. 

Clist.    C.    L. 

Cotton,   G.   H.    Western  Col.   Iowa. 

Duiker,   W.   J.      H.   C.   '86. 

(Ganss,  Louis.) 

(Garabed.   H.      Wooster  Uni.) 

(Kruidenier.   J.      H.   C.   '86.) 

Lammers,    B.    W.      H.    C.    '86. 

Phelps.   P.   T.      H.   C.   '82. 

(Sturges.  L. ) 

Tilton,   E.      N.   Y.   U.    '86. 

Western  Seminary. 

Bloemendaal,    R. 
Strabbing,  A.  H.     H.  C.  '80. 

Arcot  Seminary,  India. 

Eleven  received  in  Junior  Class. 


Beaver,  J.   D.     Ursinus  C.   '80  ;    Aub.   Sem. 

'83 
Denman,  M.  A.    W.  &  Jeff.  C. '82  ;    P.  S. '86. 
Dowling,  G.  T.     Ham.   C.  ;  Crozier  Sem. 
George,    H.    W. 

Grant,  W.  D.     Knox  Coll.  '84  ;  U.  S.  '87. 
Hartig,   F.     Bloomfield   Sem.    '79. 
Jacobs,  C.   W. 
Keerl,  J.  J. 

Mollenbeck.  B.      Du  Buque  S.   '70. 
Pool,  Wm.     Dubuque  Sem.  '89. 
Root,  Oren.      Ham.   C.   '56. 
Rudolph.  J.      Bloomfield  S.  '75. 
Schmidt,  H.  T. 
Sonnema,  C.  J. 
Swick,    M.    (2d.) 
Thomas.   E.  E.      Brown  Univ.  '70  ;   Newton 

Th.    Inst.    '73. 


APPENDIX 


747 


New  Brunswick   Seminary. 


Other  Ministers. 


Andrew,  L.   C.      St.   John's  Col. 
Furbeck.  G.  W.     U.  C.   '87. 
(Hallenbeck,  E.  P.) 
Herman.  A.   B.   R.   C.   '87. 
Johnston,  Wm.     Queens  Col.,  Ontario. 
(Nicolai,    N.) 

Schwartz,  M.  J.     Berlin  Miss.  House  'i 
Scudder,  F.  S.     R.  C.  '85. 
Talmage,   G.   E.      R.   C.   '86. 
Zwemer,  S.  M.     H.  C.     '87. 

Westerri  Seminary. 

Bouma,  P.   G.  A. 
(Harmling,  Henry.) 
Lumkes,  J.  M.     Kampen. 
Van  Zanten,  J.  J.     H.  C.  "80. 

Arcot  Seminary. 

No  graduates,  but   thirteen  students. 


C.    Univ.  ;    MfCoiinick 


Beattie,    Jas.    A.      Glasgow    Univ.    '85  ;    P. 

S    '89 
Daily,  W.  N.'  P.  U.  C.  '84  :  Hartford  S.  '87. 
Ford,  H.     U.  S.  '90. 
Farrar,  J.  McC.  N.    Westminster  C.  '75  ;  P. 

S     '78 
Gordon,  M.  R. 
Haan,  E.  R. 
Hill,  A. 

John,  E.      (Hindu.) 
Jongeneel,  Jas. 
Legget,   Lester   G. 

Sem. 

Peter,   J.      (Hindu.) 
Peter,   M.      (Hitulu.) 

Peters,    M.   C.      F.   &   M.    C,    Held.    Sem. 
Lazar,   I.      (Hindu.) 
McCready.  R.  H. 
Morgan,  J.  F.     Taylor  Univ.  ;  Ch.   Bib.   In- 

stit.   '84. 
Muni,  Ab.      (Hindu.) 
Palmer.   Jas.     Wash.  &  Jeff. 

•90. 
Paramanandam,    G.       (Hindu.) 
Raji,  Jacob.      (Hindu.) 
Schoon.  S.   H. 
Smidt,    H.    J. 
(Smith.   E.   E. ) 
Stuart,  Wm.     Free  Ch.  Coll..  Halifax  '59  : 

Free  Ch.  Theolog.  Hall.  Halifax  '62. 
Sullivan,  A.  J.     LaF.  C.  '75  ;  U.  S.  '78. 
Vennema,  S.  A.     From  Free  Ch.,  Ref.  Ch. 
Wick.   R.   K.      Westm.  C.   '82  ;   U.   S.    '86. 


C.    '87  :    U.  S. 


1891-1900. 


New   Brunswick    Seminary. 

Adams,  W.  T.  E.     N.  Y.  U.  '88. 
Beardslee.   W.  A.      R.   C.   'tl. 

(Bishop,  W.  S.     R.  C.  "87.) 
Bombin,  J.   Univ.  Konigsberg,  Prussia. 
(Brandow,  M.  D.     R.  C.  '88.) 
(Burrell.   A.   C.      Bluestone  Acad.) 
Chamberlain,    L.    B.      R.   C.    '86. 
Cunningham.  S.  R.    Temple  Coll..  Phil. 
Demarest.    S.    D.    B.      R.    C.   '87. 
Harmeling.    H.      H.    C.    '88. 
Ossewaarde,    M.      H.    C.    '88. 
(Sharplev.  H.  G.     R.  C.   '88.) 
Van   Westenberg,  J.      H.   C.   '88. 
Voorhees.   O.  M.     R.  C.   '88. 
Wilson.  F.  S.  R.  C.  '88. 
Winne.   J.   E.    U.   C.   '88. 
Wyckoff.   C.  S.     R.  C.  '88. 
Wyckoff,      C.    E. 


Allen.   J.   S.      Westminster  Col.    "82:    U.   S. 

'85. 
Ashley,  B.  F. 

Beattie.  R.  H.     C.  N.  J.  '85:  P.  S.  'HI. 
Bruschweiler.    Jac. 
Burrell.  D.  J.     Y.  C.  '67  ;  N.  W.   S.  "68  :  U. 

S.    '70. 
Cole.  P.  H.     U.  C.  '88  ;  U.  S.  '89. 
Ficken,   John. 
French.  J.  W. 
Harris.  D.  T. 

John.son.  R.  P.    Wab  C.  '71  ;    Aub   S.  75. 
Knox,  J.  C.    U.  C. '90  ;    Aub.  S.  &  U.  S. '91. 
MacQueen.  P.    C.  N.  J.  '87  ;   U.   S.    1900. 
Morris,   J.   N. 
(Olney.  E.  C.) 
Van  Burk,  J.      Oberlin   S.   '»1. 


Western  Seminary. 

Klooster.  F.     H.  C.  '88. 
Lamar,  J,     H.  C.  '88. 
Pieters,  A.     H.  C.  '87. 
Straks,    H.       Normal    Schl.    '75. 


Arcot   Seminary. 
No  graduates. 


748 


APPENDIX 


New   Brunswick   Sem  inary. 


Other  Ministers. 


1892. 


Hurkart,   J.  J. 

(Clarke,   J.   E.) 

DeWitt,  J.  T.  E.     R.  C.   '89. 

Hieber,  L.      R.    C. 

Jones,    H.    T. 

Luckenbill,    G.    A. 

(Maar,  Charles.     R.  C.  '89.) 

Muilenberg.   T.   W.      H.   C.    '89. 

Seibert.  G.  G.     N.  Y.  U.  '89. 

Stegeman,   Wm.     H.   C.  '89. 

Thompson,   E.   W.      R.   C.   '89. 

Vernol,   T.    P.      Normal    Schl.,    Phil..   Pa. 

'89. 
Winant,  AV.     R.  C.  '92. 
Zwemer,   P.   J.      H.   C.   '88. 

Western  Seminary. 

Van  Duine.  A.  M.     H.  C.  '89. 

Arcot   Seminary. 

Aiyavu.    P. 
Chellam,    S. 
Nathaniel,    E.   M. 
Sautosham,   S. 
Shelvam,  J. 
Tavamani,    E. 
Yesuratnam,  J. 


Allen,  C.  J.     LaF.  C.  '89  ;  U.  S.  '92. 
Birchby,  H.  G.     LaF.  C.  '81  ;  U.  S.  '84. 
Burrill.  G.  H.     Har.  C.  '79  ;   U.   S.  '84. 
Clapp,  E.     Ursinus  C.  '89;  U.  S.  '90;  Ursi- 

nus   S.    '91. 
Dixon,    Jos. 

Ennis,  H.   W.    R.   C.    '90  ;    U.    S.   '92. 
Giffen,  J.     U.  S.  '93. 
Gliddon,    A.    M. 
Gorby,    I.    I. 
Hainer,   J.   A. 

Harsha,  W.  J.  C.  N.  J.  '74  ;  McCor.  S.  '77. 
Hone.s,    L.    W. 

Hulbert,  P.  S.     Wab.  C.  '76  ;  Aub.  S.  '79. 
Hunter,  D.  M.     C.  C.  N.  Y.  '77  ;  U.  S.  '80. 
Hunter,  Jas.     C.  N.  J.  '89  ;   U.  S.  '92. 
Hynson,  N.  D.  John  Hop.  U.  '90  ;  U.  S.  '93. 
Ingham,  J.  A..     Syra.  Univ.  '86  ;  U.  S.  '92. 
Inglis.  T.   E.     Toronto  C.   '81;   P.   S.   '84. 
Koster,  S.  J.     Gr.  Rapids  S.  '92. 
Krauscher,    F.    J. 
Lyman-Wheaton,   H.   P. 
Maar.  Chs.     R.  C.  '89  ;  Aub.   S.  '92. 
McClelland,  T.  C.     N.  Y.  U.  '89  ;  U.  S.  '92. 
Miller,  G.  H.   Bloomfleld  Sem.   '87. 
Muller,  M.     Bl.  S.  '92. 
Schilstra,    S.    A.      Rotterdam    Miss.    Assoc. 

'90. 
Schlegel,   C.     Bloomfleld   S.    '95. 
Schmitz,  Wm.   (2d.)  R.  C.  '81  ;  N.  B.  S.  '84. 
Smith,  A.  J. 
Vander    Kam,    P. 
Vetter,  G. 
(Wilcox,   A.   J.) 


New   Brunswick   Sciiiiiiriri/. 

Dunoombe.  A.     R.  C. 
Flipse.   M.      H.   C.   '90. 
Polmsbee,  G.  J.     R.  C.  '90. 
Hogan,  O.  J. 
Hospers,    H.      H.  'C.    '90. 
Jacobs,   W.   M.   C. 
(Kato.   Satori. ) 

(Morton.  T.      Madison   Univ.   '79.) 
(Peeke,   H.   V.    S.      H.   C.   '87.) 
(Peterson,  C.   B.   S.   T. ) 
(Spaulding,   A.      R.    C.    '90.) 
Sperling.   Is.      R.   C.   '90. 
(Tompkins,  W.  B.     R.  C.  '88.) 
Van   Arsdale.   E.  B.     R.  C.   '90. 
Van   Kampen,  Isaac.     H.  C.  '90. 
Van   Orden.  J.   S.     R.   C.  '90. 
Van  Zee.  C.  W.     R.  C.  '90. 
Ward.  W.  D.     R.  C.  '90. 
(Young.  A.  G.) 

Western  Seminary. 

Menning.  S.  J.      H.   C. 
Pietenpol.  H.  J.     H.  C.  '90. 
Siegers,  P.     Middleburg  Gvm.  '84. 


Arcot   Seminary. 


•Tatinayakam,  N. 
Vedanaykam.    S. 


(Died    '92.) 


S.    1893. 

Miss.      House. 
Sem.   '90. 


Col. 


Adam,  J.  D.  Ed.  Univ.  '90. 

Barnv.  W.  F. 

Bates.  W.  H.     Ham.  C.  '65  ;  Aub.  S.  '68. 

Bollenbacher,  J. 

Bruins.  W.  H.     H.  C.  '90  ;  McCor.  S.  '93, 

Chapin.    C.    B.    (2d.)      C.    N.   J.    '76;    U.    S. 
'77-'80. 

Conant.    C.    A.      U.    C.    '60;    Bangor    S.    & 
Aub.    S.    '63. 

Fieck.  J. 

(^Juenther.  A. 

Gulick.  N.   J. 

Haken.  G. 

Hock,    F.    W.       U. 

Huenemann,      Jac. 

Franklin,  Wis.   '87 

Jensen,  J.   H. 

.Johnson,   T.   C. 

Krueger.  H.  T.     Dubq.   S.  '93. 

Laidlaw,  W.     Toronto  Univ.  '81 

Lee.  T.   I.      Y.  C.  ;   Y.  S 

Lowe,  T.  O.    Farmers  Coll.,  Cincinnati,  O. 

Martyn.    F.    F.     C.    C.    '91;    U.    S.    '92;    Di- 
vinity  Sch..   Chicago   '93. 

Mershon,  A.  L.     C.  N.  J.  '87  ;  P.  S.  '92. 

Mills.    A.    W. 

Mollema.    Bernard. 

Muller,   M. 

Pea.se.  C.  B.  F. 

Peeke.  H.   V.    S.      H.   C.   '87;   N.   B.   S.   '92; 
Aub.  S.  '93. 

Rogers.  J.  A.     Syr.  Univ.  '91;  Aub.  S.   '94. 

Selden.  E.  G.     Y.  C.  '70  ;  Aub.  S.  '73. 

Sherwood.  N.  M.     N.  B.  S.  '61-2  ;  U.  S.  '64. 
(2d.) 

Whittaker,  C.  H. 


P.  S.  '84. 


APPENDIX 


"40 


New   Brunswick    Seminary. 


Other  Ministers. 


Betten.  D.  L.    H.  C.  "90  ;    Mich.  Univ.  '91. 

Chickering.   E.   O.      R.    C.    '91. 

Durvee.  Ab.     R.  C.  '89-'91. 

Ha.sbrouck,  H.  C.      R.  C.   '91 

Hojfan,   J   S.      R.   C.    '91. 

Hosan.    R.      R.    C.    '91. 

Hopper,  A.  W.     R.  C.  '91. 

(Kelly,  W.  H.     Ham.  C.  '91.) 

Lockwood,    H.      R.    C.    '91. 

Mahon,   A.   F.      R.   C.   '90. 

Palmer,   C.   L.      R.   C.   '90. 

Raven,  J.  H.     R.  C.  '91. 

Roberts,   H.   B.      R.   C.   '91. 

Searle,    E.    V.    V.      R.    C.    '91. 

Strong,   W.   V.   D.      R.   C.   '91. 

Weste7-n  Seminary. 

Sietsema,   J.     H.   C.   '91. 
Winter,   J.   P.      H.   C.    '91. 


Arcot  Seminary. 


No  graduates. 


N.  J.  '77  ;    P.  S.  '80. 
Glasgow   Univ.    '89  ; 


Xew 


Chre.sten.sen,    D.   H.      Ham.   Col.    '89  ;   Aub. 

Sem.  '92,  frm.  Pres. 
Coomb.s.    W. 
Douw.stra,    H. 

Frazer.  A.  D.   P.      V.   S.   '94. 
Franzen.    L.    H. 

Greene.  E.  AV.      U.  C.  '82  :    Hartford  S.  "85. 
Hauser,   G. 
Heines,  C. 
Hodson,    J.    M. 
Hume,  J.  C.     C. 
Lipes,  H.  H. 
Mackay,   D.    S. 

College,    Edinburgh. 
Niemeyer,    G. 

Niles.   Ed.     Wms.   C.  '91 ;  U.   S.   '94. 
Oakes,  C.  A.     La  F.  C.  '91  ;  U.  S.  '93. 
Poppen.  Jac.     H.  C.  '82  ;    P.  S.  '93. 
Prentice.  S.      Am.   C.   '91;    U.   S.   '94. 
Ralston,   E.   S.     Lane  Sem.   1886. 
Rust,  E.  C. 
Schenck,    I.    V.    W.      Westminster    C.    '64  ; 

P.    S.    '67. 
Spaulding,  A.      R.   C.   '90  ;   U.   S.   '93. 
Teichrieb,    H. 
Van  den  Bosoh.  T.   M. 
Worrall.   H.    R.    L.      R.   C.   "84  ;   Dartmouth 

Med.    Col.    '93. 
Wright.   F.   H.     {Indian.)     U.  C.   '82;   U.  S. 

'85. 


1895. 


New  Brunswick   Seminary. 

Ackert,    W.    R.      R.    C.    '92. 

Baker,  W.   S. 

Berg,   J.   F.      R.   C.   '92. 

Conover,  G.  M.     R.  C.  '92. 

Corwin.  C.  E.     R.  C.   '92. 

Dyke,  C.  P.     R.  C.  '92. 

(Hazzard,  J.   C.     R.  C.   '92.) 

(Lott,  I.  W.  R    C.  '92.) 

Oi.   Mitsuve    (Japanese.)      R.   C.   '92. 

rPawline-.   H.   W.      R.   C.   '92.) 

Shield,    F.    K.      Miss.    Col.,    Sheboygan, 

Wis. 
Thurston,  J.  A.     R.  C. 

Western  Seminary. 

Dubbink.  G.  H.     H.  C.  '92. 
Luxen.   .1.      H.   C.   '92. 
Oosterhoff,   A.      H.    C.    '92. 
Reeverts,  A.  J.     H.  C.  '92. 
Schilstra,    E.    S.       Gymnasium,    Rotter- 
dam. 
Stefff-ns,   C.    M.      H.    C.    '92. 
Vanderploeg,  H.     H.  C.  '92. 
Vander  Werf,  S.    Grand  Rapids  Th.  Sch. 
Veldman,   H.   J.      H.  C.  '92. 


BayUs,    J.    O.      Norlhwood    Col..    Ohio.    "57 

Allegh.    S.    '6(1. 
Bechgcr,   A.   V.    W. 

Bergman.s,   J.    C.     Albion    C.  :    V.    S.     '.U. 
Bradshaw.  A.  H.   Franklin  C. '92  ;    P.  S.  ■9.t. 
Clark,  J.  L.     Lincoln  U.  '91  ;    U.  S.  'IM. 
De    Beer,   J. 
Dragt.   J.   J. 
Gaston,  ,Ios. 
Linton.  J.  C. 
Kain.    P.    I. 
Mclntyre.   Jos. 
Ossewardie.   Jas. 
Poot,   J.   W. 

Schaul.   U.   S.     Univ.   Pa. 
Shelland.   W.   H. 
Solomon,  J.     (Hindu.) 
Te   Grootenhuis,    D.    J.      Theo.    Sem.    K;im- 

pen. 
Van    Blarcom,   G. 


H.   C.   '90:    P.   S.   '94. 
'92  ;    I'.    S.    "9.5. 


Arcot  Seminary. 


Peter,    M. 
Sundram,   M. 
Wilkins,    J. 


750 


APPENDIX 


New  Brunswick,  Seminary. 


1896. 


Other   Ministers. 


(Bender,  A.  G. ) 

Bird,   A.    C.      Mt.    Herman    Sch. 

(Carruthers,   F. ) 

Clowe,   C.    W.     U.   C.   '93. 

Cussler,  H.   C.     R.   C.   '93. 

(Dekker,   F.   G.      Kampen   '92.) 

(Jacobs,   L. ) 

Kuiper,  A.  H.  C.  '93. 

Malven,  F.     R.  C.  '93. 

Messier,   I.      R.   C.   '93. 

Roop,  M.  J.     Held.  Univ.,  Tiffin,  O.,  '93. 

Studley.  H.  E.     R.  C.  '93. 

(Van    Eyck,   W.    O.      H.   C.    '93. 

Van  Hee,   I.  J.      R.   C.   '93. 

Von   Schlieder,  A.   H.      R.  C.   "93. 

Willoughby,    H.    C. 

Western  Seminary. 

Huizinga,   H.      H.   C.   '93. 
Janssen,  W.  T.     H.  C.  '93. 
Miedema.  W.     H.   C.   '93. 
Schaefer,  J.     H.  C.  '93. 
Te  Paske,  J.   W.     H.   C. 
Wolfius,    William.      Grand    Rapids    Th. 
Schl. 


Arcot     Setninary. 


Aaron.  J. 
Cornelius,    S. 
Daniel,   J. 
Jacob,   S. 
Muni,    D. 
Thomas,  B. 
Whitehead,  C. 


Bailey,  H.  S.  Held.  C.  '88  ;  Held.  S.  '90. 

Bender,  A.  G.     Bloomfield  S.  '96. 

Blake,    R.     W.       L.     CI.     Bergen,    Reformi 

1896-1918. 
Davis,  L.   E.     Neb.  Univ.  ;  Adrian  C.  '77. 
De  Jonge,   J.   L.      H.   C.    '93  ;    P.    S.   '96. 
De  ^Vitz,    C.    F. 
Duckworth,    Jos. 

Pjetcher,  O.  T.     Ham.  C.  '92;  U.  S.  '95. 
Parr,  J.  McC.     C.  N.  J.  '90  ;  P.  S.  '91. 
Heineger,   J. 
Hoonte,  T.  H. 
Hooper,  J.  F. 
Kingsbury,   L. 
Mackensie,    T.    H.     Wms.    C.  ;     Monmouthi 

C,  Ind.,  '88  ;  P.  S.  '91. 
Makely,   G. 
Neal,  R. 
Peters    J    D 

Otte,   J.   A.      H.   C.   &  Mich.    Univ. 
Park,  C.    La  F.  C.  '76  ;    U.  S.  '78  ;    P.  S.  '79. 
Scoville,  F.  C.     A.  C.  '75  ;  U.  S.  '78. 
Smith,    Henry.      Oakwood    S.    '81. 
Souri,  J.     {Hindu.) 
Vander  Meulen.  J.  M.     H.  C.  '91  ;    P.  S.  '95v. 

McCor.   S.   '96. 
Watson,  C.  S. 
Wolvius,    Wm.      Grand    Rapids    Th.    Schl.. 

'93;  W.  S.  '96. 


18»7. 


New   Brunswick    Seminary. 

Barny,   F.    J.      R.   C.    '94. 
Bedford,  C.  V.  W. 
Compton,  W.   E.      R.   C.   '94. 
Dixon,   C.   M.      R.    C.   '94. 
Doremus,  G.  S.  M. 
Dykema,  K.  J.     H.  C.  '94. 
Forbes,  J.  C.     Glasgow  Univ. 
Foster,    J.    W. 
Lansing,  R.  A.      U.  C.  '94. 
McCullv.   B.   I.      R.   C.   '94. 
Miller,   H.      R.   C.    '94. 
Mohn,  O.  L.  F.     R.  C.  '94. 
(Riggs.   C.   W.      P.   C.   '86.) 
Scudder,   C.   J.      R.   C.   '89. 
Scudder.   H.  J.     R.  C.  '90. 
Scudder,   W.   T.      R.    C.   '92. 
( Segavva,  Asash. ) 
(Smith,   A.   J.) 

(Thompson,  J.  H.     R.  C.  '94.) 
(Tompkins.  I.  S.     R.  C.  '94.) 

Western  Seminary. 

Broekstra,  M.  E.     Kampen,  Neths. 

De  Groot,  D.     Neths.  Gym. 

Jougewaard.  C.  A.     Iowa  C.  '93. 

Swart,   P.      H.    C.    '94. 

Te  Selle,  J.  W.  H.  C. 

Van   Arendonk,  A.      H.   C. 

(Van  De  Erve.     John  H.  C.  '94.) 

Arcot    Seminary. 

No  graduates. 


Bluhm,  C.     Col.  Univ.   '95  ;  U.   S.   '97. 
Clifton,   S.   T.     LaF.   C.   '94  ;   U.   S.   '98. 
Diekhoff,   Wm.     Dubuque   Sem.    1888,   frm.. 

Pres. 
Doyle,  D.  P.     Mt.  Hermon  Sch. 
Drake,  E.  A.  Lake  For.  C.  '94  ;  Aub.  S.  '97.. 
(Emmons. ) 

Rowland,    S.   W.      A.   C.   '70;   U.   S.   '73. 
Hutchinson.  J.   N. 
Israel,    G.   R.      Moravian   Sem.   '84. 
Junor,   D.     Toronto   Univ.    '66. 
Koerlin,   E.   F. 
Myies,    W.    G. 
(Reynolds.    G.) 
Roe,   W.   C. 
Samuel,  T.    (Hindu.) 
Sigafoos,  O.  L.  LaF.  C.  '94  ;  U.  S.  '97. 
Sterenberg,  James.     H.  C.   '93  ;  P.   S.  '96. 
Stone.  G.  E.     Ham.  C.   '95  ;  Aub.   S.  '98. 
Swart,    P. 

Thorman,  B.  H.     Edam.  Sem.  '95. 
Tyndall,  C.  H.     Wms.  C.   '82  ;    Aub.   S.  '85i 
Tysse,  G.     H.   C.   '94  ;  P.   S.  '97. 
Van  der  Erve,  J.     H.  C.  '95  ;    W.  S.  95-6  ;: 

P.   S.  '96-7. 
Van  Haagen,  H.   C. 

Van   Kersen,  W.  J.    H.  C.  '94  ;  P.  S.  '97. 
Webster,  W.  S.  C.     C.  N.  J.  '64;  P;  S,  '69; 


APPENDIX 


751 


New  Brunswick   Seminary. 


Other  Ministers. 


1898. 


Allen,    H.    B. 

(Atwater,    J.    P.      N.    Y.    U.    '95.) 

Bayles.  T.   F.      U.   C.   '95. 

Dangremond.  G.  C.     H.  C.  '95. 

Kicken,   H.   C.     Bloomfield  Acad. 

Flikkema,  G.     Univ.  Nebraska  '95. 

Freer,    H.   A. 

Gulick,  C.   W.    R.  C.  '95. 

Heemstra,   J.    F.      H.    C.    '95. 

(  Lawrence,   C.   L. ) 

Spoer,  H.  H.     Bloomfield  Acad. 

Vandermeulen,    John.      H.    C.    '95. 

(Van  Deusen,  J.  M.     R.  C) 

Weber.  H.  C.     R.  C.  '95. 

Western  Seminary. 

l)e    Jonge,    A.    W.      Neths. 
Dykhuizeii.   H.      H.   C.   '95. 
Knarelsnian,  J.     H.  C. 
Frieling,   H.      Grand  Rapids   '95. 
Gruys,    Wm.      S.    C. 
Hoffman.  B.     H.  C.  '95. 
Te     Grootenhuis,     J.     H.     E.       Kampen, 
Neths. 


Boetcher,  W.  H.  J. 

Bruins,  H.   M.     H.  C.  '95  ;   P.  S.  '98. 

Caton,    J.    C.      P.    U.    '95  ;    Y.    S.    '98. 

DeHaan,   J. 

Klliott,  J.  H.     Chicago  Sem.  Cong. 

Husted,   C.   R.   W. 

Jackson,  W.  H. 

Krom,  A.   E.    Miami   Uni.   '92  ;   U.   S.   '97. 

Kyle,   H.    Z.      U.    S.    '96. 

Lawrence,    C.    1. 

McBride,   R.   I. 

McNair,  Wm.     R.  C.  '81;  P.  S.  '86. 

Park,  Chs.     Ham.  C.  '85  ;  Allegh.  S.  86  ;  U. 

S    '88 
Potter,  R.  H.     U.  C.  '95  ;  Chicago  Sem.  '98. 
Rauscher,  J.  C.     U.  S.  '98. 
Rogers,    Robt. 
Scholz,   Chs. 

Seeley,  F.  B.     Mid.  C.  Vt.  '93  ;    U.  S.  '96. 
Steffens,  N.   M.    (2d.)      Ed.   in  Holland. 
Stout,  J.  C.      R.   C.   '91;   P.   S.   '97. 
Street,  W.  D.     C.  U.  '95  ;  U.  S.  '98. 
Wacker.  G.  G.     Bloomfield  S.  '98. 
Wood,  C.   T. 
Woolsey,   A.    B. 


Arcot     Seminary. 


David,   J.    I. 
.John.   Jos. 
Thomas,  S. 
Timothy,  J.  P. 


A'£'m;   Br^instvick   Seminary. 


1899. 


Brink,    H.    W.      R.    C.    '96. 

Conger,    \V.      R.    C.    '96. 

Faber,  J.    P.      Bloomfield   Acad. 

(Janeway,   G.   J.      R.   C.    '94.) 

Lehman,  F.   V.  W.     H.  C.  &  Ham.  C. 

Mallery.  C.  G.     R.  C.  '96. 

Meeker,   E.  J.     R.  C.  '96. 

(Miller.    C.    S. ) 

Myt  rs,   C.   M.      N.   Y.   U.   '96. 

Randolph.  E.  T.  F.     R.  C.  '96. 

Ranney.   W.   A.      R.    C.    "96. 

Ruigh.    D.    C.      H.    C.    '96. 

SchMUcker,  G.      Bloomfield  Acad.   '96. 

(Si)aan,    W.    C.      Iowa   Col.    '96.) 

(Tilton,  F.  K.     R.  C.  '96.) 

Vandeburg,  S. 

\'oorhees.  J.    B.      R.   C.   '96. 

Western  Seminary. 


(Diniiient,   E.   D.      H.  C. 
Kelder,    E.      H.    C.    '96. 
Kots.   J.   W.      H.   C. 
Lubbers,  F.     H.  C.  '96. 
Theilken,   J.   G.      H.   C. 


'96.) 


Arcot     Seminary. 


Bailev,   J.   P. 
Bedford,  Ed. 
Isaac.  A. 
Kay.    John. 
I^azarus,  D. 


Baker,  F.  P.   (2d) 

Brown,  J.  A.     New  Windsor  C.  Med.   '93  ; 

P.  S.   '96. 
Connor,  W.  W.     C.  N.  J.  '85  ;  Allegh.  S.  '99. 
Dyke.  J.    (2d.)      H.  C.   '83;  N.   B.   S.   '86. 
Florence,    E.    W. 
Laubach.    W. 

Muller,   F.      Bloomfield  Acad.  &  Sem.   '96. 
Pershing.  O.  B.     U.  C.  '97  ;  Aub.  S.   1900. 
Van    Gieson.    D.    E. 
Wiersum,  H.  J.     H.  C.  '96  ;  P.  S.  '99. 


752 


APPENDIX 


Netv   Briivfiwick    Setninary. 


Other    Ministers. 


1900. 


<  Brown,    E.    R. ) 
Bruce,    Peter. 
Case,   C.   P.      R.   C.    '97. 
Ferwerda,   F.      H.   C.   '97. 
(CJableman,   F. ) 

MacMillan,  H.     Cedarville  C.   '97. 
Meyer,  A.  J.      R.   C.   '97. 
Moerdyk,   J.   E.      H.    C.    '97. 
Parker.   A.   A.   F. 
(Pershing,  O.   B.    U.  C.  '97.) 
Rozendal,    T.      H.    C.    '97. 
Sciple.  C.  M.     La  F.  C.  '97. 
Seibert.  F.  A.      R.   C.   '97. 
Strohauer,   P.   J.      U.   C.   '97. 
(Vander  Meulen.  Jacob.     H.  C.  '97.) 
Walter.  A.   J.      R.   C.   '97. 
Warnshuis,   A.   L.      H.   C.   '97. 
Watermuelder,   G.      H.   C.   '97. 

Western  Seminary. 

Aeilts,  E.      H.   C. 
Boer,  N.     H.  C.   '97. 
Brummel,    Jack.      H.    C.    '97. 
Cook.  G.  E.     H.  C. 
De  Jonge,  B.     Neths. 
De  Jongh.   J.      H.   C.    '97. 
Dykstra,  B.  D.      H.  C.  '96r 
Huizenga,  G.  J.     H.  C.  '96. 
(Jonker,   H.   L.      H.   C.    '97.) 
Hooiker,  G.     H.  C.  '97. 
Rozendal,   A.      H.   C.    '97. 
Schuurmans,  H.   P.      H.  C.   '97. 
Vandermeulen.    Jac.      H.    C.    '97. 

Arcot   Se)ninary,  India. 

Asirvatham,  Jos.  I 

Joshua,   M. 
Kadivelu,  P. 
Lyakkam.  C. 


Addy,  J.  G.     P.  S.  '97. 

Dobbs,  J.   F.      La  F.   C.   '97;   U.   S.    1900. 

Dougall,  A.      U.   C.   '93  ;   P.   S.   '95. 

Ellsworth,  J.   S.     La  F.  C.  ;  U.   S.   "83. 

Hamlin,  H.  F.     La  F.  C.  '94  ;   U.  S.  '97. 

Leggett.  L. 

Lansdale,   J.   T.      Baltimore  C.   '86 ;    Drew 

Sem.    1891. 
Mellen,    H.    M. 
Miller,   S.   D. 

Ossewardie,  John.     H.  C.  '97  ;  P.  S.  1900. 
Ratzell,  J.  P. 

Stinson,  W.  C.     Bucknell  U.  '86  ;  P.  S.  '89. 
Stoehner,    F. 
Troost,  E. 
Vance,  J.  I.     Kings  C.   (Tenn.)   '83;  Union 

S.  Va.  '86. 
Wiley,  E.  C.     Wms.  C.  '81 ;  Aub.  S.  '89. 
Zelie,   J.   S.     Wms.  C.  '87  ;   Y.  S.   '90. 


1901-1910. 


1901. 


Neiv   Brunswick   Seminary. 

Benjamin,    C.   F.   R.    C.    '98. 

Black,  John.      R.   C.   '98. 

Bosch,   F.    S.   C.      Bloomfield  Acad. 

ChefE.    P.    P. 

Dawson,   E.     R.   C.    '98. 

Decker,   F.      R.   C.   '98. 

De  Graff,  G.   D.   L. 

Furbeck.  H.   R.        U.    C.    '97. 

Hunter,  George.     Glasgow  Univ. 

Meengs,   J.    G.      H.   C.    '98. 

Meury,   E.  G.  W.     R.   C.   '98. 

Mulder,  T.    H.  C.  '98. 

Van  Beverhoudt,  O. 

Western  Seminary. 

Banninga,  J.  J.  H.  C.  '98. 

Klerk.   Ab.      H.    C.    '98. 

Kuyper,    Cor.      H.    C.    '98. 

Vander  Werf,  Ant.  Ch.  R.  Sem.   '95. 

Winter,  J.   E.      H.   C.   '98. 


Beale,  J.  G.     La  F.  C.  '93  ;  U.  S.  '97. 

(Den   Hollander,    Ab. ) 

Fortuin.   F.      Ut.   Univ.    '78. 

Grant,    J.    E. 

Herge,  H.  J.      Bloomfield  S.   1901. 

Laufer.   C.   W. 

Offord.  R.  M.    (2d.) 

Pershing,    O.    E. 

Sauerbrunn,   L.    F.      Bloomfield   '97  ;    P.   S. 

1900. 
Shepard.    R.    L. 

Street,  W.  D.    C.  U.  '95  ;  U.  S.  '98. 
Swain,  J.  R.     P.  U.  '94  ;  P.  S.   1901. 
Van  den  Burg,  L. 

Van  Ess.  Jacob.     H.  C.  '98;  P.  S.  '01. 
Voeglin.  C.  F.  N.      Bloomfield  Sem.   1901. 


APPENDIX 


753 


Arcot   Seniiyiary. 

No    graduates. 

In  1902  the  Classis  of  Arcot  was  dis- 
missed from  the  Reformed  Church  to 
join  the  South  India  United  Church, 
the  Arcot  Seminary  remained  under  the 
care  of  the  Reformed  Church,  but  its 
graduates  no  longer  enter  the  Reformed 
Ministry.  Hence  after  1902  their  names 
are  omitted. 


Other    Ministers. 


1902. 


New   Brunswick   Seminary. 

Courtney.  R.   W.   R.   C.   '99. 

Dan-rremond.  A.  C.  V.     H.  C.  '99. 

Krler.  .John. 

Francisco.   W.   P.   R.   C    '99. 

Hart.    W.    R.      R.    C.    '99. 

(.Joseph.  O.  L.    Roval  Coll.  Ceylon  '89.) 

Martin.  J.   McC.      R.   C.   '99. 

Slu-ter.   H.      H.   C.   '99. 

Weidner.    D.    C.      R.    C.    '99. 


Western  Seminary. 

Rrnak.    P.      H.    C.    '99. 

CKui;;enpa.   J.   E.      H.   C.   '99.) 

Man=en.   F.    B.     H.    C.   '99. 

Marsilie.    P.    J.      H.    C.    '99. 

Reeverts,    F.      H.    C.    '99. 

S"biTiner.  H.     H.  C.  '99. 

fSlu-ter.  H.      H.   C.  '99.) 

Te    Kolste.   G.      H.    C.    '99. 

Vin   Heuvelen.  B      H.   C.   '99., 

(Van  Sweden,  M.  Free  Univ.  Amsterdam.) 

'  Verwav. ) 

"Wiersma.  P.     H.  C.   '99. 


Allen.  Arthur  H..   from   Pres. 

Aopal.   John   B..   from    Pres. 

(Brown,   Claude.) 

Christ,    Jacob,    Mission    House    C.    and    S. 

'84.  from  Ref    Ch.   U.   S. 
Churchman,  A.  B.     U.  T.  S.  '02.  from  Pres. 
Cornish,  Floyd.     U.  T.  S.  '94.  from  Pres. 
Cutler.  F.  W.     R.  C.  '83  ;  U.  T.  S.  '86,  from 

Pres. 
Gates.  Wm.  B.     A.  C.  '97  :    U.  S.  '02. 
Hoyt.    J.    W. 
(Jacobs.   F.   H.) 
(Krause.   Carl.) 
Nickse.   Louis. 
Rothenberger.     I. 

Sem.    '85. 

Schumacher.  G.      Bl.   Sem.   '88,  from  Pres. 
Shipherd.  T.  M..  from  Pres. 
Stofflet,  J.  P.,  from  Pres. 
Van   Ess.  John.      H.   C.   '99  ;    P.   S.   '02. 
Williamson,  J.  F.     L.  F.  C.  '78  :    U.   S.  '81. 

from    Pres. 


Heid.    Col.    '83  ;    Heid. 


New   Brnnstvirk    Seminary. 

Bropk.   A    T       H.   C.    1900. 
Bro-n.   W.   D.      U.  C.    1900. 
Ec'-er.son.    F       R     C     1900. 
'Gardner.  J.  CPU    1900 
Grul    J.   D.     Valnar'iisn  Coll.    1900. 
Hondelink.  G.      H.   C     1900. 
Lptr-prs     L     T..      H     C.    1900. 
<Mpfir-\,   T    K.      TTr«inii«   '92  ) 
Purdy,  M.  S.     R.  C.  1900. 
Tanis.    H.      Maryville    Coll. 

Western  Seminary. 

Beardslee.  J.  W.      H.   C.   '98. 
Boo*    H.   P.      H.  C.  '1900. 
De  Young,  Ab.     H.  C.   1900. 
Hupneman.  H.     H    C    1900. 
Nettinga.   S    C.      H.   C.    1900. 
Riepma,  S.  F.     H.  C.  1900. 
v«?traks.   J.   H.      H.   C.    1900. 
Van  Zante.  A.  B.    H.  C.  1900. 


(Bailey.  E.  D.     Cong.) 

Barnv.  Wm.  F.  from  Cong.    (2d.) 

Duck.  E.  M.     Gettysburg  C.  '97  :  U.  S.  '01, 

from  Cone. 
<^rant.   J.   W.,   from   Cong. 
Ivpv,   R..  from   Pres. 
(John.son,  R.  B  ) 
Kershaw.  W.  H..  from  Cong. 
McClinchie.    Uriah.      N.    Y.    Univ.  ;     U.    S. 

•or?. 
Mitchell.   C.   B.,  from   Cong. 
Muller.  Matthew   (2d.)     Bl.  Sem.  '92.  from 

Pres. 
Nance.  T.  A.,  from  A.  M.  E.  Ch. 
Oswald.    Christian.      Bl.    S.    '98,    from    Ref. 

Ch.    U.    S. 
(Sansen.   John   R.      U.    C.    '65;     P.    S.    '68; 

Pres. 
Siemsen.    D.     Mission   House   C.    '95,    from 

Ref.  Ch.  U.  S. 
Simanton.   T.   M.      L.  F.   C.   '96;    P.   S.    '99. 

from   Pres. 
Spann,    M.    C. 
Steffe'^«    N.  M.    (3d.)      Theo.  Sc,  Kampen. 

Ho' 
T>-ndall.   S.   G. 
Ziegler.   L.     Mission  House  C.   and   S.   '73. 

from   Ch.   Ref.   Ch. 


754 


APPENDIX 


New  Brunswick   Seminary. 


Other    Ministers. 


1004 


Brokaw,  Arthur  Perlee.     R.  C.   1900. 
(Campbell,  M.  V.     R.  C.   1900. 
(Christmas,    J.    C.    H.) 
Gulick,  George  W.     R.   C.  '01. 
Kalemjian,  Mugerdich  Nerses. 
Korteling,  George.     H.  C.  '01. 
Ranson,  Alonzo  A.     R.  C.  '01. 
Sahler,  Wm.  L.     L.  F.  C.  '01. 
Simpson,  Wm.  E.     R.  C.  '01. 
Tulp    Aika  P. 

Van  'Woert,  Henry  S.  R.  C.  '01. 
Vyverberg,  Henry  J.  R.  C.  '01. 
White,  Ben.  F.     R.  C. 

Western  Seminary. 

Beckering,  Wm.     Manchester  Col.   '01. 
(De  Jong,  Peter.     Univ.  Chicago  '02.) 
Denekas,   Wolbert.      H.   C.   '01. 
Douwstra,  George  H.      Central  Col.   '01. 
Douwstra,  Richard  D.     Central  Col.  '01. 
Kuizenga,  John  E.     H.  C.  '99. 
Steunenberg,   John.      H.    C.    '01. 
Vander  Heide,  James.    H.  C.  '01. 
Wayer,  James.     H.   C.  '01. 


Berg,  I.  H.     L.  F.  C.  '01  ;    Hart.  Seni.    04. 
Bohler,     Jacob.       Mission    House    C.     '88 ; 

Sem.  '91,  from  Ref.  Ch.  U.  S. 
Buckle,  George,  from  Pres. 
Campbell,  J.  I.,  from  Pres. 
Carter,   R.   E.      U.   T.   S. 
DeJong,  Peter  C. 
Dyke,   J.    (3d.)      H.    C.    '83;    N.    B.    S.    '86, 

from  Pre.s. 
Eggleston,   G.   H..   from   Pres. 
Porbush,  Wni.    B. 
Froschl,    John. 
Holden,   L.   H.      V.   C.     95  ;    U.   S.   '98,   from 

Cong. 
Lonsdale,   Wm.   J.      Ham.   C.   '01  ;    Aub.    S. 

'04,  from  Pres. 
Lunn,    G.    R. .    from    Pres. 
Luther,   M.   C. 
(Lyle,  J.   N.) 
McDonald,  Wm.  J. 
McQueston,   Rockwood. 
Mager,  Wm.    Bl.  Acd.  and  Sem.  '01,  '04. 
Marsilje,  Peter  J.    (2d.)      H.  C.  '99;  W.  T. 

S.   '02,  from  Pres. 
Mundhenke,    W.    R.      Dub.    C.    and    S.    '79, 

from  Pres. 
Peyton,    J.    P.,    from    Free   Will    Baptist. 
Robertson,     James     L.       Geneva     C.     '57  ; 

Alleghany    S.    '59,   from   Pres. 
Ruliffson.    E.    J.       Boston    Evan.    Institute 

'95  ;    Fenton    Normal    C.    '01,    from 

Cong. 
Schulz,   H.   W.   J.,   from   Pres. 
Scudder,   E.   C.    (2d.)    R.    C.    '79;    N.    B.    S. 

'82. 
Spaan,   C.   H.      H.   C.   '99  ;     P.    S. 
Troost,     Evert.       Free    Univ.     Amsterdam. 

from  Ch.   of  Netherlands. 
Webinga,  John,   from   U.   P.   Pres.   Ch. 
Wightman.     J.     C.       Ulster    National     C.  ; 

Moody's   Schools,   from   Cong. 


'04. 


1905. 


New   Brunswick   Seminary. 

Baeder,  Frederick  N. 
Fisher,  Orville  E.     R.   C.  '02. 
Foertner,  Frederick  E.  R.  C.  '02. 
(Hutchings,  DeWitt  V.     P.  Univ.  '01.) 
Maines,  Walter  S. 

Western   Theological  Seminary. 

Deelsynder.  Cornelius.    Northern  Illinois 

Col.   '01. 
Koster.  Martin  E.     Kalamazoo  Col.   '02. 
Vanderbeek,  John.     H.   C.   '02. 
Van  Peursem,  John.     H.  C.  '02. 
Wesselink,  John.     H.  C.  '01. 


Boughton.   C.   M. 

Bruins,  Berend.      H.   C.   '02  ;   P.   S.    05. 

Colbert,  J.  T.,  from  Pres. 

De  Pree,  H.  P.     H.  C.  '02  ;  P.  S.  '05. 

Hamner.  J.  G.     Johns  Hopkins  '81  :   U.   S. 

'85.  from  Pres. 
Hoover,   D.   F.      Gettysburg   C.   '89   and   S. 

'92,   from   Pres. 
Hutchins,  R.  G.     W.  C.  '61  ;  A.  S.  '64,  from 

Pres. 
Huyler,  P.  E..  from  Pres. 
Jones,  J.  A.     P.   C.   '00;  Aub.   S.   '03,  from 

Pres. 
Meier,   Jacob.     BI.   Acad,   and   S.    '05,   from 

Pres. 
Olandt,    C.      C.    Univ.,    from   Pres. 
Payson,    G.    H.      Ham.    C.    '73  ;    U.    S.    '78. 

from  Pres. 
Perkins,    Fred.      Ham.    C.    '89  ;     P.    S.    '92. 

from  Pres. 
Reynolds.  P.  T.  B.     Ref.  Episc.  Sem.,  Phil. 

'99.  from   Ref.    Episcopal. 
Sargent,  C.  C,  from  Pres 
Straub.   John    K.      B!    Acad.    '01,   and   Sem. 

■04. 
Taylor,  C.   F..  fmrn   Pres. 
AVeber,    Jacob    (2(1.) 


APPENDIX 


755 


.V<  ic    Brunswick    Seminary. 


Other    Ministers. 


1906. 


(Bitmett.   <iiorge   H.      R.   C.   '02.) 

Koeve,    Lucas.      H.   C.    '03. 

B:oel<,    John    Y.      Alma   Col.    "03. 

Decker.    Kllsworih   Ward. 

Heput.    Frank   E. 

Fiotalin«,   Burton  James.     R.  C.  '03. 

.Morris,   Ralph  C.      R.  C.   '03. 

i'ost.  Henry  K.     Princeton  Col.  '02. 

Seso,     Abdulahad.       Am.     Col,.     Norbin 

Turky    1897. 
V:iii  der  Mel.  Cornelius.     H.  C.  '03. 

Western  Seminary 

Hrinkman,   Ben.   F. 
Crootens,    Peter.     H.   C.   '03. 
Karreman,  Anthony.     H.  C.  '03. 
Tellman.    Henry.      H.    C.    '01. 
Van    Lummel.    A.    J.      Utrecht    Gymna- 
sium 1891. 


Bridges,  T.  R.,  from  Pres. 

Brinkman,  B.  F.  W.  T.  S.,  1906,  from  U.  P. 

Ch. 
Bryant,  J.   B.      U.   C.   '70  ;     U.   S.   '73,   from 

Pres. 
Bulness,  J.  C.     Amity  Sem.,  from  Baptist. 
Carter,   Wm.,   from   Pres. 
Colby,  H.   E. 
Duffleld,  J.  R. 

Froschl,   John    (2d),    from    Pres. 
Hoffman,   J.    J.      W.   R.   C.  ;   C.    C.    '03  ;     U. 

S.   '06. 
Hutchinson,  S.   N. 
Jaeger,  J.   D.      Bl.   S. 
Lowden,  J.  W.,  from  Pres. 
Nichols,    T.    McB.      P.    C.    '84  ;     U.    S.    '89, 

from   Pres. 
Niehaus,   H.   H.      Basel   '96,    from   Ref.   Ch. 

U.    S. 
Potgeter,  H.   (Sr. )     Educated  in  Germany, 

from  Pres. 
Simpson,    A.    H. 
Vander   Naald,   Henry.      H.    C.    '03  ;    P.    S. 

'06. 
'SVyckoff,  A.  C.    U.  C.   '97  ;   U.   S.  '00,  from 

Pres. 


1907. 


7\ew    Brunswick   Setninary. 

Berger.  Arthur  LeGrand.     R.  C.  '04. 
Cook,  Henrv  Dyer.     R.  C.  '04. 
Giebel,  Wm.     H.  R.   C.   '04. 
Hcrge,    Charles.      Bloomfield    Academy 

'04. 
Honegger,    Henry.     R.    C. 
Kruizenga.  Evert  R.     H.  C.  '04. 
Leiss,  Stillman  R.     Bloomfield  Academy. 
Miller,  John  Charles.     R.  C.  '04. 
(Shaw,  James  E.,  Dickinson  Col.  '07.) 

Western   Semi7iary. 

Brouwer.  Jacob  G.      H.   C.   '04. 
Ouven,  Matthias  J.     H.  C.  '04. 
Hoekjc,   Willis  G.     H.   C.   '04. 
Hollcbrands.    James    J.      Central    Univ. 

la.  '04. 
Steketee,   John   B.     H.   C.    1898. 
Van  Zomeren.  John.     H.  C.  '04. 
Wubbona.   Albert.      H.   C.   '04. 


Bender.  A.  P.   (2.)     Bl.  Acad  '93  and  Sem. 

'96,  from  Ref.  Ch.   U.   S. 
Bruins,  H.   M.    (2d.)      H.   C.   '95;   P.   S.   '98. 

from  Pres. 
Condit,    C.    B.      P.    C.    '95  :    P.    S.    '07,    from 

Pres. 
Corwin,   C.    E.    (2d.)      R.   C.    '92;    N.    B.    S. 

95.  from   Pres. 
Giles.  W.   W.     C.  C.   N.    V.   '81;   U.   S.   '85. 

from    Baptist. 
Harper.   R.   A.     Washbuin   C.   Chicago  T. 

Sem.,   from   Cong. 
Kitten,  James  S.      Al.   Sem.   '97. 
(Lyon,    A.    P.) 
Maddaus.    Oscar.      Brown    t'liiv 

Pres. 
Miller.   Wm.   J.   H. 
Parker.    A.    F.     (2d.)      N.    B.    S 

Pres. 
Saure.  E.  E. 

Schoerk,  G.   .1..  from  Pres. 
(Shephard,    R. ) 
Tietema,     John     H.       Mc.\l.     C. 

Pres. 
Voskuil.  H.  J.     McAl.  C.  '04  ;  Ch.  R.  S.  and 

P.    S.    '07.    from    Ch.    Ref.    Ch. 


07,    from 
00,    from 


"99.     from 


i«os. 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 

Blocker,  Simon.     R.  C.   '05. 
Brinckerhoff.   James   H.     R.    C.    '05. 
(Brock.     Thomas    S.       Wesleyan     Univ 

1898.) 
DeHollander,  John  A. 
(Hageman,   George  R 

•05.) 
Keator.  E.  H. 

Morehouse,  H.  C.     R.  C.  '05. 
Pelgrim,  Jacob  C.     H.  C.  '05. 
(Roberts.  E.  W.) 
Verwey,  Dangiel  G.     R.  C.  '05. 


Uriiv.   Mich.   '05. 
Columbia  Univ. 


Becker,   J.   C.   A.      Bl.   S.   ':•:{.   from   Pres. 

B  iisen.  C.  H..  from  Pres. 

Collins,  C.  M..  from  Pres. 

Day.    D.    J.      P.    C.    '04  ;    Auh.    S.    '08.    from 

Pres. 
T.enington,  G.  C.    111.  C.  '92  ;  McCor.  S.  '98, 

from  I'res. 
McMillan.  J.  L. 
McNab.   John,   from   Pres. 
Magill,    A. 
Miller,  E.  W.     U.  C.  '87;  Aub.  S.  '91,  from 

Pres. 


756 


APPENDIX 


Western   Theological  Seminary. 

Bosch.   Gerrit.     H.   C.   '05. 
Meengs,    Philip   G.      Moody    Bible    Insti- 
tute. 
Pennings,  Gerrit  J.     H.  C.  '05. 
Ruisaard,  Martin  C.     H.  C.  '05. 
Van   Der   Schoor,   Cornelius.     H.   C.   '05. 


Other    Ministers. 

Moment,  John  C.    P.   C.   '96;   Hart.   S.     06. 

from  Pres. 
Pullan.  Fred  B.    Beloit  C.  '71  ;  Gale  S.  '75. 

from   Cong. 
Rearick,   Wm.   R.     Temple   Univ.   from  M. 

E.  Ch. 
Scudder,    Lewis    W.       Omaha    Sem.     1896, 

from   Pres. 
Siemsen,  D.    German  Univ.  Mission  House 

C.   '95.  from  Ref.   Ch.   U.   S. 
Sutherland,  R.  R.,  from  Pres. 
Tevis,  John.     Utrecht  Univ.  '75,  from  Ref. 

Ch.   of  Netherland. 
Wahl,  S.  A.     Bl.  Acad,  and  S.  '03  and  '06. 

from  Pres. 
Waters.  S.  A. 
Whitacre.   H.   W. 
Young,  Fred.  B. 


New   Brunswick   Seminary. 

Barny,  Wm.  F.     Bloomfield  Sem.   1893. 

Bolsterle,   George  S.      R.   C. 

Bush,   Ben.      J.   H.   C.   '06. 

Dykema.  Anno  C.     H.  C.   '06. 

Green,  Harold   B.      R.   C.   '06. 

(Kain,  M.  I.     R.  C.  '06.) 

(MacNeill.  J.   R.    R.   C. -'Oe.) 

Murphy.   J.   H.   R.   C.   '06. 

Muste.  A.     J.  H.  C.  '05. 

Noble.  Harry  Wm.    R.  C.  '06. 

Ohori.   E.   A.     Wooster   Univ.   "06. 

Worthington,  Wm.  A.     R.  C. 

Western    Theological   Seminary. 

Muyskens,  Arie.      la.   C.    '06. 
Roetman,  Zwier.     H.  C.  '05. 
Rottschaefer,  Bernard.      H.  C.  '06 
Rottschaefer,   Wm.      H.   C.   '05. 
Stegenga.  Andrew.     H.  C.  '06. 
Van  der  Laan,  W.   P.    H.   C.   '05. 
Vander  Meer,  Meinhard   D. 


(Bailey,  Amos  J.      Cong.) 

Bailey,    E.    D.    (2d.)      Cong. 

Calverly.   E.  E.     P.  C.  '06  ;  P.   S.  '09,  from 

Pres, 
Campbell,   D.  G. 

De  Bruine,   S.      McCorm.   S.,   from   Pres. 
Fincher,   G.   R. 
Hageman.   G.   R.      C.   C.   '05  ;   N.   B.    S.   '05- 

'06  ;    Edinburgh   Univ.   '08. 
Hopf,    P.   H..   from   Pres. 
Lansdale,    J.   T.    (2d.)     Baltimore    City    C. 

'86  ;   Drew  S.   '91. 
Lang.    W.    G. 

McCurry.  D.  E.,  from  Pres. 
Meier,    J.    (2d.)      Bl.    Acd.    '02    and    Bl.    S. 

'05.   from   Pres. 
Munroe.  J.   J.,   from   Pres. 
Mytton.    L.    V.    C. 
Pfanstiehl,    A.    A.     (3d.)       H.    C.  ;     H.    S., 

from  Pres. 
Russman,  E.  K.     Dub.  C.  and  S.  '94,  from 

Pres. 
Soper,    W.    P.      Ham.    C.    '04  ;     U.    S.    '07, 

from   Pres. 
Waldron,  C.  E.     Wesleyan  Univ.  '02,  from 

M.  E.  C. 
Wells.  C.   E. 
Zandstra,    Sidney.     H.    C.    "03 ;    P.    S.    '06, 

from   Pres. 


New   Brunswick   Seminary. 

Appeldoorn.  Leonard.  Kalamazoo  C.  '07. 

Ballard.   Bruce.      R.   C.   '07. 

(De  Young,   Ben.      H.   C.   '07.) 

Donovan.  George  H. 

Fingar,  Claudius  J.     L.  F.  C.   '07. 

Jonker,  Philip.      H.   C.   '07. 

Sizoo,  J.  R.     H.  C.  '07. 

(Stegeman,  Mannes  A.     H.  C.  '07.) 

Stout.  R.  A.     R.  C.  '07. 

Van  Zanten,  J.  W.     H.  C.   '07. 

Westervelt,    T.    R.      R.    C. 

Western  Seminary. 

DeYoung,  Ben.     H.  C.  '07. 
Hankamp.  George.     H.  C.  '07. 
Mollema.   Henry.    H.   C.    '07. 
Muller.  Cornelius.     H.   C.   '07. 


Alf,     Alfred,     from     Swedish     Evangelical 

Mission. 
Bauer,  Christopher.      Bl.  Acad.   '94,  and  S. 

'9  8.    from    Pres. 
Baumeister.    J.    (2d.) 
Baxter,  J.  H.,  from  Pres. 
(Clements.   J.   H.      Pres.) 
Cook,    Seth,    from   Pres. 
Davis.   E.   E. 

Fellstrum,   A.   A.,   from   Pres. 
(Hankamp,    Henry.) 
Hulst,   G.   D.      W.   C.    '06;     U.    S.    '10. 
Ingham.   J.   A.    (2d.)      Syra   Univ.    '86;    U. 

S.   '92,   from   Pres. 
Lusty,  George. 
McLeod,  M.  J.     Dalhousie  Univ.  '87  ;    P.  S. 

'90,  from   Pres. 
(McLeod.  Norman.     Pres.) 


APPENDIX 


757 


Western  Seminary. 

Pannkuk.   Henry.      Dubuque   C.   '07. 
Stegeman,    Mannes  A.      H.   C.    '07. 
Vander  Schaaf.  John  J.     H.  C.   '08. 
(White,   Francis  D.) 


Other  Ministers. 

Mager,    Wm.     (2d.)         Bl.    Acd.    '01,    and 

Sem.  '04,  from  Pres. 
Many,  D.  J.     Ham.  C.  '80  ;    Aub.  and  P.  S. 

'86,   from   Pres. 
Muller.   G.   C.      Bl.   S.   '87,  from   Pres. 
Pfeiffer,  H.  N.,  from  Cong. 
Potter,  C.  J.     U.  C.  '00  ;  Hart.  S.  '04,  from 

Cong. 
Smith,    T.    M. 

Steiner,   W.   H.,   from   Pres. 
Van  Peursen,  G.   D.      H.  C.   '07  ;    P.   S.   '10. 
Wauchop,    W.    C. 
Wouters,  Alex.     Ham.  C.  '93  ;    Aub.  S.  '97. 

from   Pres. 


1911-1920. 


New   Brunswick  Seni,,tiary. 

DeKraker,  J.   J.     H.  C.   '08. 
(Hageman,  T.  A.     R.  C.  '08.) 
MacNeill,  Wm.   N.     R.  C.   '08. 
Roeder,    Charles    W. 
(Schmidt.    H.    H.) 
Van  Dyk,  John  A.     H.  C.  '07. 
(Van   Dvke,   Douwe.) 
Wilber,  Francis  E.     R.   C.  '05. 

Western  Seminary . 

(Carr.   Orlow   W.) 

DeKraker.  James  Josias.     H.   C.   'OJ 

Douma.  John  W.     H.  C.  '06. 

Haverkamp,  Antohny.      H.   C.   '08. 

(Huizenga,  George  F.     H.  C.   '08.) 

Kuyper,  Hubert. 

Roggen.  John  Arie.    H.  C.  '07. 

Walvoord,   Wm.   C.     H.   C.   '08. 


(Axtell,   J.    D.) 

Benson.  C.  H.    (2d),  from  Pres. 

Bracker,   B.,  from   Pres. 

Brochlos,    Albert,    from    Pres. 

Carter.   G.    W.      Y.    C.    '92  ;    Drew    S.    '93 

from  M.   E.  Ch. 
Clifford.  P.  H.     Mt.  Hermon  School ;    C. 

U.  ;   Crozer   S.   '04.  from  Baptist. 
Croft,  E.  O. 
Dassori.   Augustino. 
Douma,   John   W. 
(Dowkontt,    G.    H.) 
Dyke,     J.      (4th.)        H.    C.    '83;     N.    B.    S. 

'86. 
Franzen.  H.  L.    (2d),  from  Cong. 
Hahn,  A.  F.  C.     Bl.  S.  "08,  from  Pres. 
Hess,  Nicholas,  from  Primitive  M.   E. 
Leeper,    James    L.     P.    C.  ;    P.    S.,    from 

Pres. 
Lewis,_H.   A. 

McEwan,    David,    from    Pres.  . 

Schaff,  M.      Bl.   S.   '11 
Service,   Wm.  A.,  from  Pres. 
Snyder,    D.    W.    C. 
Trousdale.    O.    M. 

Vanden   Berge.   E.,  from  Ch.   Ref.   Ch. 
Wallace,   A.    V.   S..   from    Pres. 
Watson.  R.  A.     Dalhousie  Univ.  '07  :  Hal- 

ifex    S.    '10.    from    Pres. 
Welmer.  T.  E.     H.  C.  '03  ;    P.   S.   '06. 
Wemple,  J.  V.     U.  C.   '92  ;   U.  S.  '95.  from 

Pres. 


1912. 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 


Andreae.   M.   C.   T.      R.   C.   '09. 
Blekkink,    Victor    John.      H.    C.    '09. 
(Collins,  Charle.'!  G.) 
Dykstra.    John    A.     H.    C.    '09. 
Gouwens,   Teunis  E.     H.   C.    '09. 
(Krisik.  A.  A.      Blom.  Sem.) 
Nies.  Maurice  G.     Central   C.  '09. 
Pleune,   Peter  H.     H.   C.  '09. 
(Raymond.  Andrew  V.  V.     U.  C.  '08.) 
Ro.senraad,  Arthur  C.     H.  C.  '07. 
Shafer.  Luman.     R.  C.  '09. 
Van   Houten.   A.  J.      H.   C.   '09.       ♦ 
Van   Strien,    David.      H.    C.    '09. 
Veneklasen,  James  T.     H.  C.  '07. 

Western  Seminary. 

DeWitt,   Herman.     H.   C.   '09. 
Duven.   William.     H.  C.   "08. 
Flikkema.   Bernard.     H.   C.   and   Oberlin 
Col.   '09. 


Ackerly,  E.  R. 

Beckes,   O.   F.     LeMars  C.   '02,  from   Pres. 

Bruns.     P.     H.       LeMars     C.     '02,     from 

United    Evangelical    Ch. 
(Bruske.  A.   F. ) 
DeHaai,  C,  from  Pres. 
DuBois,   A.    A.,    from    Pres. 
Eastman.    E.    F..   from   Pres. 
Ed.-^on,    G.    C.      McAl.    C.    '99  ;     P.    S.    '02. 

from   Pres. 
Ellis,  A.  M.,  from  Pres. 
Hicks.    John    D.      Ursinus    C.    and    S.    '97. 

from  Ref.  Ch.   U.  S. 
Ketchem,   Wm.   W. 
Kramer,   George.     Dub.   C.   '96  ;    P.   S.   "99, 

from   Pres. 
Leinbach,    P.    S.      F.    and    M.    C.    '95 ;     U. 

S.  '98.  from  Ref.  Ch.  in  U.  S. 
Moncada,    P.    S.       Ragusa,    C.    '05  :    Bible 

Teachers'  Training  School,  N.  Y.  C. 

'12,   from   Waldensian   Church. 


758 


APPENDIX 


Western  Seminary. 

Laman,  Arend  T.     H.  C.   "09. 

Meeter,  John.     John  Calvin  C.  '08. 

(Meinder,   S.   H.  J.     H.  C.   '09.) 

Petterssen,  HendriU.  Mission  Sc.  Neth. 
'05. 

Potgeter,  Herman  J.     Dubuque  C.  '09. 

Schut,  Henry.     H.  C.  '09. 

Kruys-Voorberge,  John  P.  J.  Middle- 
burg  Col.  Neth. 

Van  Westenburg,  Isaac.     H.  C.  '09. 

Wolterink,  John.     H.  C.  '09. 


Other  Ministers. 

Murphy.  H.  W.,  from  M.  E.  Ch. 

Muyskens,  John. 

Ottinger.    J.    C.      BI.    Acd.    '08    and    S.     11, 

from   Pres. 
Sims,  N.  Li.      U.  S.,  from  Ch.  of  I>i.sci])le«. 
Stauffer,  M.  T.     P.   C.   '10;   U.   S.   '13. 
Steiner,  W.  H. 
Strong,  Wm.  V.  D.    (2d.)      R.  C.  ''M;  X.  B. 

S.    '94,    from   Cong. 
Suit,   E.   C.      Held.   C.   '91;    Ursinus   S.     (tS, 

from  Ref.  Ch.  U.  S. 
Torrens,  W.   R.,   from  Pres. 
VanderHeuvel,  A.   J.      Calvin   C.   '90.   from 

Ch.    Ref.    Ch. 
Weber,  A.     Univ.  of  Berlin  and  Strasburg 

Basel  S.   '86,   from  Ref.   Ch.    U.   S. 
Wilkinson,  A.   J. 


New  Brunswick   Seminary. 

"Boynton,    Arthur   B.      Amherst   C.    '10. 
(Campbell,   Daniel  Y.) 
'Conklin,  Wm.  D.     Ham.  C.  '09. 
DeMeester,   Peter.   R.     C. 
Durfee,  Jesse  F.     R.   C.   '10. 
Dykema,  James.     H.  C.,'10. 
(Hamory,    L     S.    H.     Bl.    Sem.) 
■Hansen.   R.   C.   '10. 
Iri.sh,  Edward  B.     Union  C.  '10. 
(Kiss,    Andrew.) 

(Lord,   James.      Milton   Univ.    '12.) 
(Maass.  Bert  Wm.) 
Ryder,   Stephen  W.     Y.  C.  '09. 
(Smith,  Charles  W.      R.   C. ) 
■Stube,  Charles  P.     Ham.  C.  '10. 
(Ver  Hulst,  Anthony  L.     H.  C.   '10.) 
Vruwink,   Henry  A.      H.   C.   '10. 
(Ward,   Isaac.) 
Warnshuis,  John  Henry.     H.  C.  '10. 

Western  Seminary. 

Douma,  Robert  W. 

Pasma.    Henry   K.      H.    C.    '10. 

Reinhart,  Harry  E. 

KRoest.  George.     H.  C.  '09.) 

Te  Paske,  Arie  J.     H.   C.  '10. 

Verburg,   James   A.      '10. 

Vis,  Jean  A.      H.   C.   '10. 


Bender.  A.  F.    (2d.)      Bl.   Acd.   '9:1   and   BI. 

S.   '96,   from  Ref.   Ch.   U.   S. 
Blaschki,    H.    S..    from    Pres. 
Conger,   Alex.   M.      R.   C.   '10;     P.   S.     lo. 
DeBuhr,  Peter.     Mission  House  C,   '07  ami 

S.    '10,    from    Ref.    Ch.    U     S. 
Dickens,   Wm.   H.,   from   Baptist. 
Fisher,    J.    W.       Bl.    Acd.    and    Seni. 

from   Pres. 
(Frederick  R.      M.   E.   Ch.) 
Hageman,    T.    A.     R.    C.    '08 

and  '10,  from  Pres. 
(Kelly.    Wm.    B. ) 
(Powell,    Enoch,   Baptist.) 
(Prentiss.  H.  M. ) 
Ray,  H.   C. 
Ritchie,    F.    C. 
Schneegas,    C.    H. 

from   Pres. 
See,   T.   J. 
Simms,  J.  D.      East  Texas  Normal  C.   '07  ; 

Los    Angelis    Bible    Institufe,    from 

Pres. 
Sinclair,    Wm.       P.    Univ.    '04  ;    U.    S. 

from    Pres. 
Stewart,  C.  H.     Manitoba  C.  '99  and  S. 

from  Pres. 
Terhune,  John  A.     P.  C.  '89  ;  P.  S.  '92. 
Vale,   R.   E.   Washington   and  Tusculum  C. 

'09  ;    P.   S.   '12.   from   Pres. 
Van    Vleet,     Wm.       Educated     in    Nether- 
lands,  from   Independent   Ref.    Ch. 
(Whistler,  G.  H.) 


•12, 


N.    B.    S.    '08 


Bl.    Acd.    and    S.     ''.^3. 


•07, 
•02, 


New   Brunswick   Seminary. 

T'ro.st,   Henry  D.     R.   C.   '11. 

Henrichs,  John  H.     Bloomfield  Academy 

'11. 
Neander,    John.      R.    C.    '11. 
Oggel.  Melvin  Verne.      Univ.   Mich.   '11. 
(Potter,     Francis    M. 

■11.) 
(Roest,  H.  G.  H.  C. 
Schwitters.  E  O  fT 
(Terwilliger,  Floyd  B. 
Van  Raalte,  Albertus 
(Walser,  Theodore   D. 


R.     C.  ;    Oxford, 

'09.) 
C     '11 

Olivet  Col.  '11.) 
C.     Olivet  C.  ''ll. 

Union  C.  '10.) 


Bender,  A.   F.    (3d.)      Bl.  Acd.   '93;    Bl.   S. 

'96,   from   Ref.    Ch.   U.    S. 
Burggraff,   J.   J.,   from   Netherlands. 
Chadsev,    H.    B.      U.    C.    '77;    Aub.    S.    '81, 

from   Pres. 
Chambers.  S.   D.,  from  Pres. 
Dickson,  J.  E.,  from  Pres. 
Douma.   R.  W. 
Eliason.    H.    A.     Maryland    Sch.    for    Boys, 

Private  Theo. 
Hahn,  T.  F.  M.  D. 
Lanseidel,  Wm.      Mission  House  "C.   and  S. 

'03,   from   Ref.   Ch.   U.    S. 


APPENBIX 


759 


Wefit0rn   Srininary. 

(Aiikfi-.   H.   P.     H.   C.     10.) 
( BurKK'i'ufE,    J.    J.) 
Dykstra.   Dirk.     H.   C.   '06. 
Heeiustra,   Jacob.      H.    C.   '10. 
Hoffman.   M.  J.      H.   C.     09. 
Huibregtse,   Edward.     H.   C.   '10. 
KreKcl,  John  H.     Oskaloosa  C.  '10. 
Marcley.  Allen   F.      R.   C.   '11. 
oldenburger,   Teunis.     Calvin  C.   '- 
Stanton,  Royal  A.     R.  C. 
W'ynvcen.   Ben.   J.      H.   C. 


Other  Ministers. 

Legget,   L.  G.    (2d.)      McCorm.   S. 
Lepeltak.  Cor.     H.  C.  ;  Omaha  S.  '99. 
Pompl,   R.   H. 

Shannon,   F.    F.,   from   Pres. 
Stovve,    W.    F.      Mt.    Hope    C.    '98 ;     Theo. 
Dept.  ;  Taylor  Univ.  '01,  from  Cong. 
Strieker,   Wm. 

Vanderkam,    P.    (2d),   from   Pres. 
Verburg,   James   A. 

Walser,  T.  D.    (2d.)      U.  C.  '10;    U.  S.  '14. 
Wicher,  John  W.     H.  C.  '10;  P.  S.  '14. 


1915. 


Xew  Brunswick   Seminary. 

Bh.oni.  Walter  Sax.  R.  C.  '12. 
(Hand.  L.  L.  Univ,  Pa.  1891.) 
Hotaling.  Henry  K.  R.  C.  "12. 
Luidens,  Anthony.  H.  C.  '12. 
Prentis.s.  Henry  M.  C.  C.  N.  Y. 
Thomson,   James   C.     R.   C.    '10. 

Western  Seminary. 

Beimink.   John   E.      H.   C.   '12. 
Brink.  John  \V.     H.   C.   '12. 
Droppers.  Oliver  G.     H.  C.  '12. 
Dykstra.  John  D.     Olivet  C.  '11. 
Furda.   Englehart.     H.  C. 
Meengs,   Raymond  D.      H.  C.  '11. 
Menning,  Gerret.     H.  C.   '11. 
Muilenberg.   Hubert  S.      Grinnell   C.   '12. 
Van    Den    Bosch,    Thomas   G.     Calvin    C. 

•12. 
(Van   Dyk.  Frederick  J.      H.   C.   '12.) 
Van  Zvl,  Bart  R.     H.  C.     12. 
Zaiulstra.    Frederick.      H.    C.    12. 


Other  Ministers. 


Achtermann,    H.       Mission    House    C.    and 

S.  '97,  from  Ref.  Ch.  U.  S. 
Armbuster,     Christian.       Rochester     Univ. 

and  S.   '98,  from  Baptist. 
Barnes,    H.    A. 
Blessing,    F.    F.       U.    C.    '89  ;     P.    S.    '92. 

from   Pres. 
Blue.   John   H.,   from    Pres. 
Bolster,   F.   E.     A.  C.   '96;    U.   S.   '11,   from 

Cong. 
Brownlee,   F.    L.,   from   Cong. 
Buckingham,  M.  S. 

Golden,  Wm.     Syra.  Univ.  '76  ;  M.  E.  Con- 
ference   Course,    from   M.    E.   Ch. 
Deck,   H.   A.,   from   Cong. 
DeLange,  T.  L.     Grand  Rapids  C.  '89  and 

S.  '92,  from  Ch.  Ref.   Ch. 
Hamner,  J.   G.    (2d.)      Johns  Hopkins  '81; 

U.    S.    '85,    from    Pres. 
Kroesche.  A.  C.      Univ.  Wis.   '08  ;    Dub.   S. 

'94,   from    Pres. 
Kroesche,    F.    H.      Dub.    C.    '91   and   S.    '94, 

from  Pres. 
Lane.    Stoddard.      A.    C.    '09  ;    Hart.    S.   'IS, 

from  Cong. 
Lawrence.    C.    M. 
Lumley,   J.   A.,   from   Cong. 
Mann,    A.    I.      Moravian    C.  ;     McCorm.    S. 

'12,  from  Pres. 
Merlo,   S.   S.      White   Sch.   of  Bible   '15. 
Mould.  E.  W.  K.,  from  Pres. 
Schroeder.   P.    E.    A.,   from   Netherlands. 
Strauss,    P.    F.      F.   and   M.    C.    '09  ;     U.    S. 

'15. 
Varide    Werp,   J. 
Waugh.    A.    J. 


Nriv   Brunswick    Seminary. 

DeMotts,  Gerrett.  H.  C.   '13. 
(DenHerder,  Marinus  J.     H.  C.  '13.) 
DeVoung.  Cornelius.     H.  C. 
Mulder,   jsimes.      H.   C.   '12. 
Putnam.  J.   H.    Stowits.      R.   C.   '13. 
Schenck.  H.  Wf    R.  C.  "13. 
(Scholten,   G.   B.      H.   C.   '11.) 
Sheffer.  Homer  Lewis.     R.  C.  '13. 
(Shephard.  R.  D.     U.  C.  '12.) 
Stevens,  Chauncey  N. 
Talman.   L.   A.   Cornell   Univ.   '12. 
Vanderlaan,  Eldred  C.     H.  C.  '11. 

Western  Seminary. 

Bovenkerk,   John. 

Colenbrander,   Henr.v.      H.   C.   '13. 

Dame,  Clarence  P.     H.  C.  '13. 

Den  Herder,  Marinus  J.     H.  C.  '13. 


Arthur,  James  O. 
(Barnard,  L.  W. ) 
Barnes.  O.  T.     L.  F.  C.  '09  ;  U.  S.  '12,  from 

Cong. 
Barnhill.  O.  P.     Central  C,  Ky.,  '00  ;    P.  S. 

'03,   from   Pres. 
Bosshart,   J.   G.      European   Univ.   Sem.   of 

Ref.    Ch.,    Switzerland,    from    Rev. 

Ch.    U.    S. 
Benes,   L.   H.      McCorm.    S.   '04  ;    McAl.   C. 

'10,   from   Pres. 
Boyce,  Donald.     Lancaster  S.  '15. 
Curtis,   N.    R.,   from    Universalist. 
Duddy,  F.  F. 
Hager,   Titus, 
Kirkwood,   T. 
Leslie,   A.   H. 
(McKinty,   T. 
Malta,    Frank. 


from   Ch.    Ref.   Ch. 
J.,   from   Pres 


W.      Pres. ) 


760 


APPENDIX 


Western  Seminary. 

De  Vries,  John  M.     Mission  House  '13. 
Hekliuis,  Lambertus.     H.  C.  '13. 
Heneveld,  George  G.      H.   C.    '13. 
Scholten.   George    B.      H.    C.    '11. 
Van  Bronkhorst,  Alexander.     H.  C.  '13. 
Vanden  Berg,  R.  J.     H.  C.  '13. 
Vander  Woude,   Berend  T.     H.   C.   '13. 
Waalkes,  Albert  H.     Mission  House  '13. 


Other  Ministers. 

Nietzer,    Charles. 

Putnam,   James   H.    S. 

Reese,    D.    R.       Ohio    Univ.    '01  ;      Boston 

Univ.  Dept.  of  Theo.  '04,  from  Pres. 
(Rice,   Wm.) 
Sauerbrunn,    L.    F.    (2d.)      Bl.    S.    '97;     P. 

S.  '00,  from  Pres. 
Shafer,   Theo.    (2d.)      R.   C.   '79;     N.    B.   S. 

'82,  from  Cong. 
Teeuwissen,   W. 

Van  Dyke,  Adrian.      Zeeland  S.   '11. 
Van   Pompl,   Rudolph. 

Walser,  T.   D.    (3d.)      U.  C.  '10;   U.   S.   '14. 
Warren,  U.  S.     Syra.  Univ.  '96  ;    Y.  S.  '99. 

from  Cong. 
Wilcox,    Wm.    W.      Syra.    Univ.    and   N.    Y. 

Univ.   '94,  from   M.   E.   C. 
Ziegler,  Vacslav,  from  Pres. 


1917. 


New  BrunswicK  Seminary. 


Adams,  Thomas.     L.  F.  C.  ;  N.  Y.  Univ. 
(Bilkert,    H.    A.      H.    C.    '14.) 
Blanchard,   Frank.   DeWitt.      R.   C.   '14. 
Hallenbeck,  Charles  A.     R.  C.  '14. 
Kanter,       Howard.  Bible       Teacher's 

Training   School    '14. 
Mertz,   John   E.      Ursinus.  C.    '14. 
Moore,   George. 
Muste.   C.   B.      H.   C.   '14. 
(Sichterman,   N.   S.      H.    C.    '14.) 
(Van  Strien,  J.  J.     H.   C.   '14.) 
Van   Vranken,   Herbert  E.     H.   C.   '14. 

Western  Seminary. 

Althuis,    John    J.      H.    C.    '14. 
Bilkert,   Henry  A.   H.  C.  '14. 
Bonte,   George  Wm.      H.  C.   '13. 
Hoffs,    Harry.      H.    C.    '14. 
Jacobs,   Henry  C.      H.   C.   '14. 
Kroodsma,  Robert.  H.   C.  '14. 
Poppen,   Henry.      H.  C.   '14. 
Stegeman,  Henry  Van  Eyck.     H.   C.  '12. 
Van   Strien,  John  James.     H.  C.  '14. 
Van  Wyk,  John  C.     Grinnell  C.  '12. 
Veenschoten,  H.  Michael.     H.   C.   '14. 


Augustine,  R.  H.  M.  Cleary  C.  ;  Theo. 
Course  under  direction  of  Presby- 
tery,  from   Pres. 

Berg,  I.  H.  (2d.)  L.  F.  C.  '01;  Hart.  S. 
'04,  from  Cong. 

DeBeer,  John  A.  Col.  Univ.  ;  U.  S.,  fi'om 
Pres. 

Derbyshire,    A.    J. 

Griglio,   Petro,  from   Pres. 

Hortsch,  H.  W.  Bl.  Acd.  '87  and  S.  '90, 
from   Pres. 

Jacobellis,  E.  F.  Bible  Teachers'  Train- 
ing  School,   N.   Y.   C.   '11. 

LeFevre,   D.   B.   V.      R.  C.   '14;     U.   S.   '17. 

Read,  John  L.  Austin  C.  '01  and  S.  '05, 
from  Pres. 

Roddy,  J.  S.  P.  C.  '91;  P.  S.  '94,  from 
Pres. 

Seiple,   Wm.   H.,   from  M.   E.   Ch. 


1918. 


New  Brunswick  Seminary. 

(Collier,    John    W.    P.      Allen    Univ.    '11.) 

Folensbee,    R.    C.      '15. 

Gosselink,   Marion   G.      H.    C.    '15. 

Howard,  John  R. 

Lang  with,  Frank  A.     R.   C.   '15. 

Shield,  Frederick  Kull.     R.  C.  '15. 

(Stegenga,   M.      H.   C.   '15.) 

Todd,  Harvey  Ira.     R.  C.  '15. 

Van  Antwerpen,  Andrew  E. 

(Virgil,   Joseph  DeCross. ) 

Western  Seminary. 

Bruggers,  John  H.     H.  C.  '15. 
Cook,   Marinus.     Amsterdam  Col.   1900. 
Duiker,   Roelof. 
Potgeter,  Lupo.     H.   C.  '14. 
(Prinsen,    Klaas. ) 
Stegenga,  Minor.  H.  C.  '15. 
Stoppels,  Charles  A.     H.  C.  '15. 
Ter  Keurst,  Henry  D.    H.  C.  "14  ;    Univ. 
111.  '15. 


Brandau.  J.  H.     Dub.  C.  '07  and  S.  '10,  from 

Pres. 
Dushaw,  A.  P.     Redfield  C.  '01  ;    U.  S.  '04, 

from   Pres. 
Emerich,    J.    R.     (2d.)       Susquanna    Univ. 

and  Theo.  Dept.  '86,  from  Pres. 
Penn,  E.  R.     Hillsdale  C.  and  S.  '04,  from 

Baptist. 
Fletcher,  O.   M.  * 

Fry,  F.  S.     Ursinus  C.  '07;  Central  S.  '10, 

from  Ref.  Ch.  U.  S. 
Garland,    D.    G. 
Heroy,  G.  M.      Mt.  Hermon  Sch.  '01  ;  Drew 

S.    '13,    from    M.    E.    Ch. 
Hinkamp,   P.      H.   C.    '07  ;   McCorm.    S.    '14, 

from   Pres. 
Huiser,   John, 
lorizzo,  Gaetano.     Bl.   S.   '16-'17 ;     Colgate 

Univ.    '18. 
Lyon,   D.   E.,   from   Pres. 
Mead,  P.  F.     Chicago  C.  '88  ;  Drew  S.  '91, 

from   Pres. 


APPENDIX 


761 


Other  Ministers. 

Papa,  Joseph  M.  A. 

Poppen,  O.  G.     Mission  House  C.  '15  ;  Ref. 

S.   Grundy   Centre    '18. 
Potter.    James    H.       U.    C.    '12;      Hart.    S. 

'15,    from    Cong. 
Romig,    Edgar.   F.    and    M.    C.    '11;    U.    S. 

'18. 
Sebestyen,  Endre. 

Smith,  B.  M.     Alliance  C.  '96,  from  Pres. 
Soper,    W.    P.     (2d.)      Ham.    C.    '04;    U.    S. 

'07,   from   Pres. 
Sproul,   N.   J.     Queen   Univ.   P.   C.   '91;    P. 

S.    '03,    from    Pres. 
(Stewart,   D.   C.   Pres.) 
Wright,   R.  c:.     Penn.   C.   '95  ;  Hartwick  S. 

'97,   from   Pres. 


1919. 


New   Brunswick   Seminary. 

Campbell,  C.  H.    C.  C.  N.  Y.  '15. 
De   Boer,   Douwe.     H.   C. 
Gebhard,  John  G.,  Jr.     H.  C.  '16. 
Muller,  Erich  T.     N.  Y.  Univ.  '16. 
Paxson,   Alexander  T. 
Steininger.    George.      H.    C.    '16. 
Van    Erden.    Paul. 
Zimmerman,   Frederick.      R.   C. 

Western  Seminary. 

Bakker,   Albert.      H.   C.   '16. 

DeJong,   Fred   H.      H.    C.    '16. 

DeRoos.   Frank.      H.  C.   '16. 

Dolfln.    Cornelius.      Calvin    C. 

Frerichs,  John  B.     Mission  House  C.  '16. 

Koeppe,  E.  W.     H.  C.  '14. 

Kuite,   John.      H.    C.   '16. 

Lubbers,  Raymond  J.     H.  C.  '14. 

Maasen,  Herman.     H.  C.  '16. 

Maatman,  Arthur.  Western  State  Nor- 
mal. 

Ter  Louw,  John  S.    Central  C.  '16. 

VanderLinde,  Gradus.     Central  C.  '16. 

Van  Egmond,  Harry.  Moody  Bible  In- 
stitute '16. 


Beltman,  H.     H.   C.   '16;    P.   S.   '19. 
Beseigel,   W.   F.      Moravian   C.   '09   and   S- 

'11.    from    Moravian. 
Bouma.   Hassel.      Calvin   C.   '12  ;   P.   S.   '15, 

from  Pres. 
Coenen,  H.  G.    Magdelburg  '03  ;    Germ.  T. 

S.  '09,  from  Lutheran. 
(Cross,    C.    W.      Pres.) 
(Davis  Lloyd  G.) 
Day,    D.    J.    (2d.)    P.    C.    '04;    Aub.    S.    '08, 

from  Cong. 
Doughty,  J.  W.     P.  C.  '87  ;  P.  S.  '90,  from 

Pres. 
Drumm.  T.  P.     McGill  Univ.  '06  ;  Montreal 

Pres.  Col.   '10,   from   Pres. 
Edwards,    Dean.      P.    C.    '06;    Aub.    S.    "12, 

from  Pres. 
Febrile,   D.   N.      Technical   Institute   Bl.    S. 

'12. 
Hahn,  G.  F.     Eden  C.  '10  and  S.  '13,  from 

German    Evangelical. 
Leaver,     L.     L.       Academy     M.     E.     Conf. 

Course,  from  M.  -E.  Ch. 
McCready,  R.   H.    (2d),  from  Pres. 
McElwee.   Robert,   from   Pres. 
Nies,    Maurice   G.    (2d.)      Central    C.    '09; 

N.   B.   S.  '12.  from   Pres. 
Ro-senbohm,   M.     Bl.   S.   '09,   from  Pres. 
Scofield,  F.  A.     Drew  S.  '13,  from  Pres. 
(Severance,  C.  M.     Middlebury  C.   '83;  Y. 

S.    '90,   Cong.) 
Spring.   J.   C.      Mt.   Union   C.   '10;   Drew   S. 

'13,  from   M.   E.   Ch. 
Struvck,  John  A.,  from  M.   E.  Ch. 
Terhune,    C.    A.       Univ.    of    N.    Y.,    M.    E. 

Course. 
Vandewag,  Mathij,  M.  D.     Utrecht  Univ.  ; 

Chicago    Medical    Sch.,    from    Dutch 

Ch.,   South   Africa. 
Wettstein,  A.   Q.,  from  Pres. 
Wirth,  A.  E.     Bl.  Acd.  '87  and  S.  '90.  from 

Pres. 


1920. 


New   Brunswick   Seminary. 

Bloodgood.  Charles  E.     R.  C.  '17. 
(Booth.    Hugh    St.    Leger.      Ham.    Col. 

'14.) 
F!ii)se.   Martin   E.      H.   C.    '16. 
French,  Lawrence  H.     R.  C.  '17. 
(Hibma,  Tiede.     H.  C.  '13.) 
Hook.  George  C.      R.  C. 
Hoffman,  James  E.     H.  C.  '17. 


Braithwaite,    J.    H.       East    Keswick.    '89 ; 

Headingly  '93,  from  Pres. 
Cramer,  H.     Dub.   C.  '08  and  S.   '11,  from 

Pres. 
Dalhoff.  H.   C.     Bl.   S.   '19.   from   Pres. 
Harvey,  A.  L. 
Hemenway.    F.    W.      Syra.    Univ.    '82  ;     M. 

E.  Reading  Course,  from  Cong. 


762 


APPENDIX 


New   Brunswick    Scin'niary. 

(Tan is,    J.    C. ) 

Van  Westenburg,  Anthonv.      H.   C.   '16. 

Whisl^r.  G.  H.     R.   C.   '16'. 

(Winter,  A.  W.     H.  C.  '17.) 

Wtstern  Seini)i<iry. 

Braam,  Leonard. 

Heyenga,    Walter   J.      Mission    House    Co 

1917. 
Hibma,  Tiede.     H.  C.  '17. 
Hospers,  Henry  O.      H.   C.   '16. 
Koop,  Eggo. 
(Lubbers.    I.    J.) 
Wernecke,    Herbert    H.     Mission    House 

Col.    '17. 
Van  Dyke.  Henry.     H.  C.   1917. 
(Van  W'-'stenburg,  Ar+bony.     H.  C.  '16.) 


Other    Ministers. 

Kerschred,   H.    B. 

Klerekoper,    J.      Educated    in    Amsterdam. 

from  Pres. 
Kosa,  Andrew.     Bl.  S.  '19,  from  Pres. 
Licht,    Wm.      Evangelical   Lutheran   C.    '85 

and  S.  '88,  from  Lutheran. 
(Livingston,    T. ) 

Marcy,  S.  H.     Colgate  Univ.  '89  ;    Ham.  T. 
:.  S.   '92,  from  Pres. 

Nicholas,  J.  F.     Muhlenberg  C.,Y.  S.,  from 

Pres. 
Prochnau,   Julius.    Moravian  C.  and  S.  '10. 

from   Pres. 
Robinson,  W.  L.  Salvation  Army  Sch.  '08  ; 

Croze r  S.  '13,  from  M.  E.  Ch. 
Ross,    T.    M.      M.    C.    '15;    Bangor    S.    '12, 

from  Cong. 
(Simmons,  F.  S.     Drew  S.  '88;    M.  E.  Ch.) 
Van  Dyke.  F.   J.    (2d.)      H.   C.   "12:    W    T 

S.    '15. 
Wagner,   Paul.      Bl.   Acd.   and   S.   '19.   from 

Baptist. 


1921-1»30. 


New  Brunswick   Seviinary. 


Sf: 


Burner,   Wm.   A.,   Jr.      R. 

De  Boer.  John  J.     H.  C.  '15  ;  Univ.  Mich. 

'16. 
(Del   Monaco.   A.) 
(Hayne.    Paul.      Kal.    C.    '97.     Rochester 

Sem.    1900.) 
(Hitzelberg.   J.   A.    R.   C.   '05.) 
Scholten,    Walter   A.      H.    C.    '18. 
Searle,  Robert  W.     R.  C.  '15. 
Voerman.   Arthur  H.      H.   C.   '18. 

Western  Seviinary. 

Burggraaf.   James  J.      H.   C.    '21. 
(DeVries,   T. ) 

Dunnewold.  Arba  J.      H.   C.   '18. 
Klaaren,   John  A.      H.   C.   '78. 
(Kuizenga,    Eldred    C.      H.    C.    '18.) 
Mulder.  John  R.     H.  C.  '17. 
Stegeman.  James  E.     H.  C.   '18. 
Timmer,  Gerret.     H.   C.   '18. 
Van    Lierop,    G.      Bernard    H.      Moodv'.s 
Bible  Institute  '18. 


Bennett.   W.   L.      Queen's  Univ.   '03  ;    P.    S. 

'06.    from    Pres. 
Berkhardt,  Andrew. 
Boone,  I.  Brown  Univ.  '04  ;    Newton  Theo. 

Institute  '07,  from  Cong. 
Caliandro.      Anthony.        Royal      Technical 

Sch.,   Italy  ;    Bible  Teachers'  Train- 
ing Sch.  N.  Y.  C. 
Davidson.   T.    W.,   from    Pres. 
DeJonge,  A.  W.    (2d.)      W.  T.   S.   '98,  from 

Ch.  Ref.  Ch. 
Dykema,  A.  C.    (2d.)      H.  C.  '06;    N.   B.   S. 

'09,   froin   Pres. 
Ferris.   Percy  R.      N.  Y.   Univ.,  from    Bap- 
tist. 
Gulick,   G.  W.    (2d.)      R.   C.   '01;    N.   B.   S. 

'04,    from    Pres. 
Haan,    G.    G.      Calvin    C.    '90    and    S.    '93. 

from  Ch.   Ref.  Ch. 
Hopkins.   J.   D.      High  School,   from   Pres. 
Irish,  E.  B.    (2d.)      U.  C.  '10;    N.  B.  S.  '13. 

from    Pres. 
Leonard,    Frederick    M.       Y.    C.    '99.    from 

Baptist. 
McMurray,    Norman.      Univ.    Toronto    '17  ; 

Knox  C.   '20,  from  Pres. 
Malefyt,   S.   J.   P.      Syra   Univ.   Home   Mis- 
sion Training  Institute. 
Meeker,   E.   J.    (2d.)      R.   C.   '96;     N.    B.    S. 

'99,  from  Episcopalian. 
Miller,  A.  J.     Teachers'  C,  Albany  ;    Univ. 

Chicago,   from   Cong. 
Pfanstehl,  A.  A.    (3d.)      H.  C,  H.  S.,  from 

Pres. 
Polk,   Thomas  M. 
Read,   G.    O.      Ref.    Episcopal    S.    '06.    from 

Ref.    Episcopal. 
Reeves,  John  R.     Weslevan  Univ.  '14  ;    M. 

E.  Course  '18.  from  M.   E.   Ch. 
Reynolds.    K.    M.     M.    E.    Reading   Course. 

from  M.  E.  Ch. 
Smith,  C.   B.     Corning  Acd..  from  Bai)tist. 
Thena,   Robert.      Ursinus   C.      McCorm.    S. 

'18.   from    Ref.   Ch.    U.    S. 
(Van   Deusen.   R.    ,1.     Hardwick   Sem.    '99  ; 

Lutheran.) 
Van   Pernis,  G.   M..  from   Pres. 
(Walter.  J.  R.      P.  S.  '22.) 


APPENDIX 


763 


Netv   Brunawick   Stininari/. 


Other  MitiistcTs. 


( Applegatc,    M.    S.      R.    C.    '18.) 

Kishop,  Edward  H.  Princeton  L'niv  1896. 

I  DeVries,   T.      Mission  House   "18.) 

Dirks,   l^ilort.      Central   C.   '19. 

DuBois.   Anson   M.      H.    C.    '18. 

(  Kverts.   \V.   R.     Central  Col.   '17.) 

(Freeman,  K.   L. ) 

Korteling,   R.   G.      H.   C.   'lit. 

.Mcl^ean.    Kdwin    P.      H.    C.    '18. 

Moore,  John  S.     H.  C.  '17. 

Robertson.   George    I. 

Schmidt.  .lohunti.      Central  C.   '19. 

S.-hoon.  Henri   l>>inest.     H.  C  '15. 

Smith.  Asahel  K.  Waldrof. 

N'aii   Wagenen,  Reller  D.     R.   C.   '18. 

M'efitrrn   Srminary. 

(/loe,    Nicholas. 

Mvert,   \Vm.   R.     Central  Col.  '17. 
Hakken.    Bernard    1).      H.   C.   '20. 
(Korteling,   Ralph  (J.     H.  C.  '19.) 
Kuizenga,  Eldred  C.     H.  C.  '18. 
Ijinnemann.  Albert.      Mission  House   '19. 
(Maat,  G.   H.      Moodv   Institute  'Ifi. ) 
Mulder.  Bernie.     H.  C.  '19. 
Ter   Borg.   John.      H.   C.   "19. 
(Winter.   Egbert.      H.   C.    1901.) 


Dalbergo.  Altruro. 

Locke.  Richard  Karle  ;  b.  Indiana  187": 
DePauw  Univ.  1891;  I".  T.  S.  1895': 
ord.  by  Ong.  Council.  Central  Ch. 
Boston  1891.  (Brooklyn.  Cuyler 
Chapel  95-9(;  :  European  Travel  96- 
7:  Newark,  Wyckleffe  Ch.  '97-1900: 
Philadeli)hia,  Ch.  of  the  Redeemer 
1900-o:{:  Buffalo.  Calvarv  1903-09; 
Rutherford.  N.  J..  1909-22)  ;  Al- 
bany, Madison  Ave.  Ref.   1922 — . 

(Pohling.  D.  A.) 

Reynolds.   S.   C.   from   Baptist. 

Walz,   Einest  L.,  Pres. 


1923. 


Nrir    Hi-unswick   ^eiiiinary. 

Baker,  Peter  G.     H.  C.  '20. 

(jiles.   Ro.scoe   M..   Jr.      Univ.   Mich.   '20. 

Meury,  Calvin  C.     R.  C.  '20. 

Prins,   Tunis  W.      H.   C.    '20. 

Sibley.  Leonard  A.     R.  C.  '30. 

( Souri.    Dharma   Rajah   Daniel.      R.    C. 

'20.) 
Zwenier,  Theodore  F.     H.  C.  '16. 

W(  stern  Srm  iiiary. 

(Baker,    Peter   Garret.      H.    C.    '20.) 
DeVries,    Charles. 

Ellerbroek,  James    D.      Central   C.   '20. 
Lanian,    Benjamin.      H.    C.    "21. 
Sehroeder.  Carl  J.     H    C.   '20. 
AVestmas.    Adam   J.      H.    C.    '20. 
Wier.  n.ga,  Cornelius   R.      H.  C.   '17. 


1»S4. 


Xew    Urnnmvick   Seminary. 

Bur\-hardt,  Andrew  Alois.     R.  C.  '21. 
Clark.  Ernest  Alexander,  Jr.     R.  C.  '21. 
(Porter,   Edgar  Baxter.      Park  Col.  '20. 
Turner,    George    William. 
Vander   Borgh,    William   H.      H.   C.   '21. 
Verduin.  Maurice  John.     H.  C.  '21. 
Wood.    George    Dewey.      R.    C.    '21. 
(Van    Hook,    Carlton    R.      Dickinson    C. 
'12.) 

Wr .stern   Seminary. 

Baker.   Thoma.s.      H.   C. 
Bogaerd,   D.      Central   C.    '21. 
Fikse.    Henry.      Central    C.    '21. 
Hager,    Harry   J.      H   C.   '20. 
Heeran     Harrv.      H.   C    '20. 
Hesslink.    Ira   J.      H.    C.    '21. 
Hierbrink.    Bernard  D      H.  C.  '21. 
Ihrmaii.    Francis   P.      H.   C.    '21. 
Lepelt-iK-.  Cornelius.     Central  C.  ".  fc 
Pyle,  William.     H.  C.   '21. 
Strank.s,   W.   J.     H.   C.   '12, 


Chronological  List  of  Congregations 

OF  THE 

Reformed  (Dutch)  Church  in  America 


1.- — Under    the    West    India    Company* 
and  the  Church  of  Holland. 

1628. 
New      Amsterdam,      Manhattan     ( New- 
York ).    N.    Y. 

Ifi42. 
Fort     Orange,     Rensselaerwvck,      (Al- 
bany),   N.    Y. 

Ifi54. 
New  Amstel    (New  Castle),   Del. 
Amersfoort    (Flatlands),    N.    Y. 
Bushwick,    N.    Y. 
Gravesend,    N.    Y. 
Mid  wont    (Flatbush),    N.    Y. 

1659. 
Esopus.    Kingston,    N.    Y. 

1660. 
Bergen,    N.    J. 

Breuckelen,   Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Harlem,    N.    Y. 

Stuyvesant's    Bouwerie,  JST.    Y. 
St.    Thomas,    W.    I. 

1661. 
Staten    Island  ;     station,    N.    Y. 

1664. — The      English      Conquest     of 
New    Netherland. 

2. —  Under    the    Duke    of    York    and    the 
Church  of  Holland. 

1665. 
Staten  Island,  Fre.«h  Kills,  N.  Y. 
Staten  Island,  South  Side,   N.  Y. 

1668 
New   York    City,    French   Chuch    in    the 
Port. 

1680. 
Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

Staten    Island,    North    Side,    Port    Rich- 
mond.  N.  Y. 

1682. 
Hackensack,   Fr.    Rcfd.,   N.   J, 

168.3. 
New  Paltz,  Fr.  Refd.,  N.  Y. 

3. — Under   the    C7-own   of  Enoland    and 
the   Church   of   Holland. 
1686. 
Hackensack.    N.   J. 


1688. 
New    York    City,    Marketfleld    St.,    Fr. 

Refd. 
New  Rochelle,   N.   Y.,  Fr.   Refd. 

1693. 
Aquacononck,   N.   J. 

1694. 
Tappan,   N.  Y. 

1696, 
Fordham,    N.   Y. 

1696.— The     Dutch     Obtain     the     First 
Church  Charter. 

16^7. 
Tarrytown,  N.  Y. 

1699. 
Freehold,  Marlboro,  N.  J. 
Middletown,   Holmdel,   N.   J. 
Raritan,   Somerville,   N.   J. 

1700. 
Second  River,   Belleville,   N.   J. 

1701-10. 

1701. 
Rochester.   Ulster  Co.,  N.  Y. 

1702. 
Jamaica,   N.    Y. 

1703. 
Three   Mile   Run,   N.   J. 

1707. 
Schagticoke,    N.    Y. 

1708. 
[Quassaick,  Newburgh,  N.  Y.] 

1710. 
Bensalem,   Pa. 

/  East  Camp,  N.  Y. 
Camp,  -j  -^vggt   Camp,   N.   Y. 
Germantown,  Pa. 
Neshaminy.    l^a. 

North  and  South    Hampton,   Pa. 
Panna.    Ponds,    N.    J. 
Six  Mile   Run,   Franklin    Park.   X.   J. 

1711-30. 

1711. 
Stone  Arabia    (Ger. ).  N.  Y. 

1712. 
Kinderhook.    N.    Y. 


•This  Company  planted  also  a  number  of  churches,  at  an  early  period,  in 
Brazil,  as  San  Salvador,  1625,  Itamarca.  1635,  Olinda,  Recife,  etc.  This  is  a 
subject  that  needs  special  study.  The  same  Company  planted  scores  of 
churches   in    South   Africa. 


766 


APPENDIX 


1714. 
iUchmond,    S.   I.,  N.   Y. 

1715. 
Kingsberry    (Ger. ),   N.    Y. 
Rhinebeck    (Ger.),   N.   Y. 

1716. 
Olaverack,  N.  Y. 
Fishkill,  N.  Y. 
Poug-hkeepsie,    N.   Y. 
Red  Hook,   N.  Y.,   1st. 

1717. 
New   Brunswick,    N.   J. 

1719. 
Readington,    N.    J. 

1720. 
Fairfield,  N.  J. 
Schoharie,  N.  Y. 

1721-30. 

1722. 
Linlithgo,    N.    Y. 

1723. 
Herkimer    (Ger.),   N.   Y. 

1724. 
Schraalenberg,  N.  J. 

W25.     . 
Plats.    Fort  Herkimer,   N.    Y. 
Paramus,  N.  J. 

1726. 
Philadelphia   (Ger.),  Pa. 

1727. 
Sourland,   Harlingen,   N.   J. 

1728. 
Gennantown   (Ger.),  N.  Y. 

1729. 
Courtlandtown,  N.  Y. 
New   York  City,   Nassau   St.   Collegiate. 

1730. 
(  Foxendorp. ) 
Kaatsbaan,   N.   Y. 
MIddleburgh. 
Raritaii,  N.  J.,  Secession. 
Success,   L.   I.,   N.   Y. 
(  W'ysersdorp. ) 

1731-40. 

1731. 
Newtown.  L.  I.,  N  Y. 
Rhiiiebeclv.  N.   Y. 

1732. 
Coxsackie.   N.  Y. 
T.eeds,  Old  Catskill.  N.  Y. 
Montgomery,  Orange  Co.    (Ger.).  N.  Y. 
Oyster   Bay,   L.   I.,   N.   Y. 
Schoharie,  Upper. 

1736. 
Burnetsfleld.    N.   Y. 
Pompton    (Plains),  N.  J. 

1737. 
Deer  Park,   Port  Jervis.   N     Y 
Marbletown,    N.    Y. 
Minisink,    N.    J. 
Shavangunck,   N.   Y. 
Smithfield.  Pa. 
Walpack,  Pa. 


1740. 
Lebanon,  N.  J.    (Ger.). 

1741-50. 

1744. 
St.   Croix,  W.   I. 

1745. 
Warwarsing,   Napanoch,   N.   Y. 

1746. 
Gallatin,   Ancram,   N.   Y. 

174 8 . — Coetus    Organ ized^ 

1749. 
Clarkstown,    N.    Y. 

1750. 
Canajoharie,    N.    Y. 
Niskayuna,   N.   Y. 
Stissing,   N.    Y. 

1751-GO. 

1752. 
Marbletown,  2d,  N.  Y. 
Montgomery,   2d.   N.   Y. 
Neshanic.   N.  J. 
New  Paltz,   2d,  N.  Y. 
Pawagtenog,    N.    Y. 

1754. — American    Classis:      Coetus    vs^ 
Confercntie. 

1755. 
Totowa,  Paterson,  N.  J. 

1756. 
Hackensack.    (2d),    N.   J. 
Montville.  N.  J. 
Schodack,    N.   Y. 
Schraalenberg,    (2d),  N.  J. 

1757. 
Hopewell,    N.    Y. 

1758. 
Bedminstei'.    N.    .1. 
Caughnawaga,    Fonda,    N.    Y. 
New    Hackensack.    N.    Y. 
New  York   City,   Ger.,   in   Nassau   St. 
Taghkanick,   West  Copake,   N.   Y. 

1760. 
Hardwick.   N.   J. 
Smithfield,  N.  J. 

1701-70. 

1761. 
Peenpack    (Cuddebackville) ,    N.   Y. 

1763. 
Beaverdam,    N.   Y. 
Bethlehem,  N.  Y. 

1766. — Charter    of     Queens     (Rutgers) 
College. 

1766. 
Hillsborough.    Millstone,    N.    J. 
Red  Hook  Landing,   N.  Y. 

1767. 
Helderbergh,    N.    Y. 


APPENDIX 


767 


1768. 
Conowago.    I"a. 
Hanover,   Pa. 
Susquehanna,    Pa. 

1769. 
(Move.  Dutc-h^ss  Co..  N»  Y. 
I>over.  Dutchess  Co.,  N.  Y. 
Hillsdale,   N.   Y 
New  York  City,  Pulton  St.  Collegiate. 

1770. 
Albany,    (Ger.).   N.   Y. 
ICiiglish  Neighborhood,  N.  J. 
Kinjjston    (Ger.),    N.    Y. 
Muiiheim,    Snell's   Bush,    N.    Y. 
New    Hurley,   N.   Y. 
St.   .Johnsville,   Palatine,    N.   Y. 
Saratoga.  Schuylerville.  N.  Y. 
Sr-hoharie,    Lower. 


1771-80. 

1771. 
Sharon,  N,  Y. 

1771. — Union  of  Coetus  and  Conferentie. 

4. — Under  the   Crown   of  England  and 
Semi-Ecclesiastical  Independence. 

1771-76. 

1772. 
Indian  Castle,  N.  Y. 

1773. 
Kakiat,   West  New  Hempstead,   N.   Y. 
Lower  Canajoharie,   N.  Y. 

1774. 
Laiisingburgh,    N.    Y.  * 

1775.      . 
Sf|uaiiii)amuck,  N.  Y. 

1T76. — Political  Independence. 
1781-90. 

1782. 

Stillwater,   N.   J. 

1783. 
.VoiMiian's    Kill.    N.    Y. 

1784. 
Hf>Kht.  N.   Y. 
Florida.   N.   Y. 
Saddle  River,  N.  J. 

1784. — Assumption  of  Complete  Eccle- 

.sio.sMVn/  Independence.      Church  of 

Holland   Notified.      Election   of 

Throlopical    Professors. 

1785. 
Raniapo.  Mahwah,  N.  J. 
Salem.    New    Salem,    N.    Y. 

1787. 
Durham.    Oak   Hill,    N.    Y. 
Greenbush,   East  Greenbush,   N.  Y. 
Knowlton.    N.    ,1. 

1788. 
Clove,   Deckertown.  N.  J. 
Lawyersville,   N.  Y. 
Upper  Red  Hook,  N.  Y 


1789. 
Hardy   Co.,    Va. 
'  Sacondaga,  Day,  N.  Y. 
Sinthoick,    Stillwater,    N.    Y. 
Delaware   River   Missions. 
Sprakers  Basin,  N.  Y. 

17d0. 
Currytown,  N.  Y. 

1791-1800. 

1791. 
Esopus,  Ulster  Park,  N.  Y. 
Jerusalem,   N.   Y. 
Middletown,  N.  Y. 
Shokan,   N.   Y. 
Westtown,    N.   Y. 

1792. 
Buskirks,    N.    Y. 
Hyde    Park,   N.   Y. 
Rockaway,   N.  J. 
Wilkesbarre,  Pa. 

1792. — Adoption  of  the  Constitution  of 

the  Refd.  Prot.  Dutch  Ch.  in  N.  A.  ; 

embracing     Doctrine,     Liturgy 

and   Government. 

179.3. 
Coevmans,    N.    Y. 
Mayfield,   N.   Y. 
Paistonkill.  N.   Y. 
Westerlo,    N.    Y. 
Wynantskill,    N.    Y. 

1794. 
Chenango,  Union,  Tioga  Co.,  N.  Y. 
Coshington,  N.  Y. 
Jeniks,    N.    Y. 
Unadilla,  N.  Y. 

1795. 
Amsterdam,  N,   Y. 
Fonda's  Bush,  N.  Y. 

1796. 
Bloomingdale,   Ulster   Co.,   N.   Y. 
Owasco,  N.  Y. 
Salt  River,  Ky. 

1797. 
Angelica.   N.   Y. 
Charlestown,   N.   Y. 
Danville,  N.  Y. 
Glen.  N.  Y. 
Karr  Valley,   N.   Y. 
Sharon,   Pa. 
Tuscarora,  Pa. 

1798. 
Andriestown.   N.    Y. 
Adolphustown.    Canada. 
Bay   of  Quinte.   Canada. 
Blenheim,   N.  Y. 
Columbia.   Herkimer  Co.,   N.   Y. 
Conradstown,    N.    Y. 
Duane.sburgh.    (1798-1804). 
Elizabothtown.     Canada. 
Ernesttown.   Canada. 
Fairville,  Arcadia.  N.  Y. 
Frederickstown,   Canada. 
Henderson.  N.  Y. 
Matilda,    Canada. 
Middletown,   Mapleton,    N.   Y. 
Prattsville 
Schoharie  Kill. 
WilPiamsburgh,  Canada. 


768 


APPENDIX 


1799. 
Duanesburgh,   N.   Y. 
Peekskill,  N.  Y. 
Pittstown.   N.   Y. 

Rotterdam   1st,  Schenectady.  N.  Y. 
Veddersburgh,   N.   Y. 
Woodstock,  N.  Y. 

1800. 
Caroline^  N.  Y. 

18O1-10. 

1801. 
Hurley,  N.  Y. 
Mapletown,    N.    Y. 
Preakness.    N.    J. 
Stone   Arabia,    N.   Y. 
Stone  House  Plains,  N.  J. 

1802. 
Pallsburgh,  N.  Y. 
Roxbury,  N.  Y 

1803. 
Amity,  N.  Y. 
Charleston,    N.    Y. 
Baston,    N.    Y. 

Nassau,  Union  Village,  N.  Y. 
Newtown    (CI.    Rennselaer),   N.   Y. 
Greenwich,   New   York   City. 

1804. 
Warwick,    N.   Y. 

1805.* 
Mamakating,   Wurtsboro,   N.   Y. 
Bloomingdale,  New  York  City. 

1806. 
Aussenburgh,   Canada, 
Markham,    Canada. 
Matilda,   Canada. 
Osnaburgh.   Canada. 
Toronto,    Canada. 
Toronto    (Ger. ),  Canada. 
Williamsburgh,   Canada. 

1807. 
Clove,  High  Palls.  N.  Y. 
Flatbush,  Ulster  Co.,   N.  Y. 

1808. 
Howe's  Cave.  Schoharie  Mt.,  N.  Y. 
Mew  York  City,  Franklin  St. 
Ovid.  N.  Y. 
Richmond.   S.   I. 
(Sempronius,  N.  Y.) 

1809. 
Arevle.    N.    V. 
Kleinville    Canada. 
Svrlriev.   Canada 
Union.    N.   Y.,    (Johnstown). 

1810. 
Ijittle   York.    Canada. 
TVe"'  York  City.  Market  St. 
ODnenhf^im.  N.  Y. 
Sonhiasbur"    Canada. 
Tuscarora,  N.  Y. 

1811-20. 

1811. 
Hardwick,  N.  J. 

1812. 
New  York  City.  South  Dutch. 
Owasco  Outlet,  N.  Y. 
Union  Villae-e.   Greenwich,  Washington 
Co.,  N.  Y. 


1813. 
Osquak,  N.  Y. 
Philadelphia,   Spring   Garden,   Pa. 

1814. 
Blooming  Grove,  N.  Y. 
Glenville,   Scheifectady,   N.   Y. 
New   Prospect,   N.   Y. 
Pascack,  N.  J, 
Stillwater,  N.  J. 

1815. 
Albany,  2d,  N.  Y, 
Amsterdam,    (Albany    Bush). 
Newfoundland.   N.   J. 
Pompton,   N.  J. 
Ransonville,   N.   Y. 
West  Troy,   North,  N.   Y. 

1816. 
Canajoharie.   N.   Y.    (Ind. ). 
Hallowell,  Canada. 

Johnstown,   N.   Y.,    (Oppenheim,   1st). 
North   Hempstead,  L.   I. 
Pleasant  Plains,  N.  Y. 
Stone    Arabia,    N.    Y.     (Ind.). 

1817. 
Benton,  N.  Y. 
Pavette,   N.    Y. 
Port   Miller,   N.   Y. 
Northumberland,    N.    Y. 
Philadelphia,   2d,  Pa.     • 
Eighth   St. 

1818. 
Cato,  N.  Y. 

Glenville,  2d,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 
Philadelphia,    2d,    Ranstead    Court,    Pa. 

1819. 
Ceylon,  India,  station. 
Ghent,  N.  Y. 
Unionville,    Westchester    Co.,    N.    Y. 

1820. 
Breakabeen,    N.    Y. 

Brighton  Heights,  Tompkinsville,  S.  I. 
Princetown.    N.    Y. 


1821-30. 

1821. 
Union,   N.  Y.    (Amsterdam). 
Blenheim.    N.    Y. 
Le    Rov.    N.    Y. 
Mayfield.   N.   Y. 
Oppenheim,   N.   Y.,   2d. 
Spotswood,    N.    J. 

1822. 
Berea,  N.  Y. 
Broome,  N.  Y. 

Canaioharie.    Secession,    N.    Y. 
Charleston,   Secession,   N.   Y. 
Columbia.   N.   Y. 
Pishkill-on-Hudson,    N.    Y. 
'^eoro-e'^o-'vn.   D,   C.    (station). 
Hackensack.  Secession,  N.  J. 
.Tfihnstown,   Secession,   N.   Y. 
Middletown,   Secession,   N.   Y. 
Ovid.  Secession,  N.  Y. 
Salisbury,  N.  Y. 

Schraalenbergh,    Secession,   N.   J. 
Snrakers    Basin,    Secession. 
Union,    Amsterdam,    Secession,    N.   Y. 
Wyckoff,  N.  J. 


APPENDIX 


769 


Amity,  N.  Y.    (station). 
Beachwoods,  N.  Y. 
Danube,    Secession,   N.  Y. 
English  Neighborhood,  Secession,  N.  J. 
New   York  City,  African. 
New    Yorlt    City,     Broome     St.,     after- 
ward   34th   St. 
New  York  City,  7th  Ave. 
New  York  City,  Secession. 
Osquak,   Secession,   N.   Y. 
Owasco,    Secession,   N.   Y. 
Paramus,   Secession,   N.  J. 
Rotterdam,   2d,   Schenectady,   N.   Y. 
Wilton.  N.  Y. 

1824. 

Bethlehem,   Secession,  N.  Y. 
Charleston,  2d.  Secession,  N.  Y. 
Duanesburgh.    N.    Y. 
Herkimer,  2d,  N.  Y. 
Montville,  Secession,  N.  J. 
New  Lots,  L.  I. 
Pooster   Kill,    Secession,   N.   Y. 
Pultneyville,  N.  Y.    (station). 
Ramapo,   Secession.  N.  Y. 
Rem  Snyder's  Bush,  N.  Y. 
Summit.  Eminence,  N.  Y. 
Wynantskill,    Secession,   N.    Y. 

1825. 

Aquackanonck,  Secession,  N.  J. 

Beekman,  N.  Y. 

Cincinnatus,    N.   Y. 

Clarkstown,  Secession,  N.  Y. 

Cobleskill,  N.  Y. 

Plats,   Secession,  N.  Y. 

Hempstead,    Secession,   N.   Y. 

Lodi,   N.   Y. 

North   Branch.   N.   J. 

Palatine,   N.   Y. 

Stirling,   N.   Y. 

Tappan,   Secession,   N.  Y. 

Union.  Albany  Co.,  N.  Y. 

1826. 
Athens,   N.   Y. 
Berkshire  Valley,  N.  Y. 
Berne,   2d,  Knox,  N.  Y. 
Columbiaville,   N.   Y.    (station). 
New  York  City,  .Orchard  St. 
New  York  City,  Yorkville   (station). 
Oppenheim,  3d,  N.  Y. 

1827. 

Amsterdam    (Union  Ch.),  N.  Y. 
Canajoharie.   N.   Y. 
Cato,  Secession,  N.  Y. 
Martinsburgh.  N.  Y. 

New    York    City,    Rivingston    St.     (sta- 
tion). 
Paterson,   N.   J.     Totowa,   2d. 
Perth.   N.   Y. 

Philadelphia.  4th,  Manayunk,  Pa. 
Six  Mile  Creek,  N.  Y. 
Sharon.   Secession,   N.    Y. 
Sparta,    Secession,   N.    Y. 
Stuyvesant.  N.   Y. 
Walpack,   Lower,   Pa. 
Wolcott.   Secession,   N.   Y. 

1828. 

Chittenango,  N.  Y. 
Hoboken,  Ulster  Co..  N.  Y. 
Lysander.   N.   Y. 
Mt.   Morris.   Secession.   N.   Y. 
Paterson,   Independent,  N.   Y. 


1829. 
Bergen    Neck,    Bayonne,    Jersey    City, 

N.  J. 
Charleston,   Independent,   N.  Y. 
Kphratah,  N.   Y.    (1829-59). 
Ford's  Bush    (station),  N.  Y. 
Fort  Carbon    (station).  Pa. 
Henderson,    Warren.    N.    Y. 
New  York  City,  Manhattan  Ch. 
Williamsburgh,   Brooklyn,  L.^  I. 

1830. 
Amity   (station),  N.  Y. 
Berne,    N.    Y. 
Canton,  China    (station). 
Farmer,  N.  Y.    (Interlaken). 
Frankfort,   N.   Y. 
Herkimer,  2d,  N.  Y. 
Ithaca,  N.   Y. 
Java,  E.  I.    (station). 
Jersey   City,   N.   J. 
New   York  City,  Vandewater  St. 
Pottsville,  Pa.    (station). 
Utica,  N.  Y. 

1831-40. 

1831. 

Caroline,  N.  Y. 
Catlin.   N.   Y. 
Dashville   Falls,   N.   Y. 
Fort    Plain,    N.    Y. 
Geneva,  N.  Y. 
Marshallville,  N.   Y. 
New  York  City,  Ninth  St. 
Siam,  E.  I.   (station). 

1832. 
Blawenburgh,  N.  J. 
Ephratah,   N.   Y. 
Hackensack.   Independent,   N.   J. 

1833. 
Catskill   (Village),  N.  Y. 
Canastota,   N.    Y. 
Coxsackie.    2d,   N.   Y. 
Guilford,  N.   Y. 
Jackson,  N.  Y. 
Kinderhook,   2d,  N.  Y. 
Kiskatom,  N.  Y. 
Lyons,  N.  Y. 
Newark,   1st,  N.   J. 
New  York  City,   North  St. 

1834. 
Albany,  3d,  N.  Y. 
Clover   Hill,    N.    J. 
Jamesville,   N.   Y. 
Middlebush,  N.  J. 
Polkton,    Mich. 

Raritan,   2d,  Somerville,  N".  J. 
Stanton,  N.  J. 

1835. 
Arcadia,  Fairville,  N.  Y. 
Cicero,   N.   Y. 
Hudson,  N.  Y. 
Newburg,  N.  Y. 
Walden,  N.   Y. 

1836. 
Conesville,  N.  Y. 
Gilboa,  N.  Y. 
Grand   Gorge. 

Greenport,  Greendale,  N.  Y. 
Middletown.  N.  J. 
Moresville.  N.   Y. 
New  Baltimore.   N.   Y. 
New    York    City,     21st    St.",    afterward 
40th  St. 


770 


APPENDIX 


New  York  City,  9th  St.    (Collegiate). 
Philadelphia,    Roxbury,    Pa. 
Tyre,    N.    Y. 

1837. 
Brooklyn,  2d,  Central.  N.  Y. 
Buel,  N.   Y. 
Cohoes,   N.    Y. 
Fairview,    111. 
Glenham,   N.   Y. 
Little  Palls,  N.  J. 

New  York  City,  South  Dutch,   in   Mur- 
ray St.    (see   1812). 
New  York  City,  Washington  Square. 
Philadelphia,    3d,    Pa. 
1838. 
Buffalo.   N.   Y. 

Claverack,    2d,    Mellenville,    N.    Y. 
Fultonville,    N.    Y. 
Mohawk,   N.   Y. 

New  York  City,  K.  Houston  St.   (Ger.). 
Nyack,    N.    Y. 
Piermont,   N.   Y. 
Plattekill.   N.  Y". 

1839. 

Astoria,    N.    Y. 

Auriesville,  N.  Y. 

Centerville,   Mich. 

Bast  New  York,  N.  Y. 

•Gansevoort.  N.  Y. 

Macao,  E.  I.    (station). 

Madras,   India    (station). 

Mt.  Morris.  N.  Y.  • 

New   York  City,  La  Fayette   Place  (Col- 
legiate). 

Onisquethaw,   N.   Y. 

Pontianak,   Borneo    (station). 

Saugerties   (Kaatsban),  N.  Y. 

Swartstown.   N.   Y. 

West    Farms,    N.    Y. 
1840. 

Borneo,   E.   I.    (stations). 

Brooklyn,   South,   N.   Y. 

Brunswick,    111. 

Ellenville.  N.  Y. 

Glen.  Independent.   N.   Y. 
'Grand   Rapids,   Mich. 
•Greenville.   N.  Y. 

Irvington.    Clintonville.   N.   J. 
tfSyria]. 

1841-50. 

1841. 
"Brooklyn.   4th.  N.  Y. 
Knox.    N.    Y. 
Trenton.   N.   J. 
Vanderveer.  111. 

1842. 
Amoy.   China,   Mission   to. 
Day.   N.  Y. 
Flushing.    N.   Y. 
Freehold,  2d,  N.  J. 
Griggstown,  N.  J. 
Karangan,  E  I.    (station). 
Kiskatom.   N.   Y. 
Kolongsoo.   China    (station). 
Praireville,  Mich. 
Ridgeway.   Mich. 
Yonkers,   N.   Y. 


Allegan.  Mich. 
Caledonia.   Wis. 
Chatham.  N.  Y. 
Constantine.   Mich. 
'Ghent,  2d.  N.  Y. 
•Gorham,  N.  Y. 


1843. 


Leeds,  N.  Y. 

Madison,  Wi.s. 

New  Brunswick,  2d,  X.  J. 

New  Durham,  N.  J. 

New  York  City,  Broadway;    afterward 

Stanton   St. 
New  York  City,  Washington  Heights. 
Pekin,  111. 
Rosendale,   N.   Y. 
Sun  Prairie.  Wis. 

1844. 
Amoy.   China    (station). 
Gallupville.  N.  Y. 
Grahamsville.   N.   Y. 
West  Troy,  South.  N.  Y. 

1845. 
Port  Washington    (station).   N.   Y. 

1846. 
Arcot.    India    (station). 
Brooklyn,  Middle  Ch.,  N.   Y. 
Bosnd   Brook,   N.  J. 
Hudson  City,  Jersey  City.  N.  J. 
Jersey  City.  Wayne  St..  N.  J. 
Madura,  India    (station). 
Medina,    Mich. 
New  York  City,  Mt.   Pleasant.   50th   St. 

1847. 
Brooklyn.    East,    Bedford.    X.    Y. 
Fair  Haven,  N.  Y.' 
Keyport,    N.    J. 
Piffardinia,   N.    Y. 
Washington,   111. 

1848. 
Bethlehem,  2d,  Delmar,  N.  Y. 
Greenpoint.  Kent   St.,  Brooklyn.   X.   Y. 
Kingston.  2d,  N.  Y. 
Newark.    2d,   N.   J. 
Newark,   3d.    N.   J. 

New  York  City,   2d  German.  Grand  St. 
Peapack,   N.  J. 
Poughkeepsie.    2d.   N.   Y. 
Raritan,  3d,  N.  J. 
Rensselaer,  N.   Y. 
Syracuse.  N.  Y. 
West  Hurley.  N.  Y. 

1849. 
Claraville.  Unionville,  Upper  Xeversink, 

N.   Y. 
Clay,    N.    Y. 
Macon.  Mich. 
Milwaukee,  Wis. 
Mottville,  Mich. 
South  Bend.  Ind. 
South  Holland.  Mich. 

1850. 
Arni.   India    (station). 
Bethlehem.   Wis. 
Bethel.  Wis. 
Bronxville.    X.    Y. 
Brooklyn.     North     Gowanus.     12th     St.. 

N.  Y. 
Cleveland.  Oswego  Co..  X.  Y. 
Graafschap.   Mich. 
Grand   Rapids.   2d.  Mich. 
Greenburgh.  N.  Y. 
Hastings-on-Hudson,   N.   Y. 
Hoboken.  N.  J. 
Huguenots.  S.  I. 
New  York  Citv.  West,  6th  Ave. 
North   Blenheim,   N.   Y. 
Oostburgh,   Wis. 
Peekskill,   N.   Y. 

Port   Jackson,   Amsterdam,    1st,   N.   Y. 
South  Branch,   N.   J. 
Zealand,  Mich. 


APPENDIX 


771 


1851-60. 

1851 
Blue  Mountain,  N.  Y. 
Brooklyn  Heights,  N.  Y. 
Brooklyn,  New,   N.   Y. 
Brooklyn,  North,  N.  Y. 
Brooklyn,  South  Bushwick,  N.  Y. 
Brown   Settlement,   N.   Y. 
Drenthe,  Mich. 
Easton,  Pa. 
Franklin,   Wis. 
Grand   Haven,   Mich. 
Holland,   1st  Mich. 
Jefferson,  Mich. 
Kalamazoo,   Mich. 
Krumville,   Sampsonville,  N.   Y. 
Long-  Branch,  N.  J. 
Marbletown,    2d,   North,   N.   Y. 
Mott  Haven,  N.  Y.  C. 
New   Brunswick,   3d,   N.   J.    (Ger. ). 
New  York  City,  Livingston  Ch. 
North  Esopus,  Port  Ewen,  N.  Y. 
Overisel.   Mich. 
Piermont,   2d,  N.   Y. 
Pultneyville,  N.  Y. 
Schenectady,    2d,   N.   Y. 
Silver  Creek,  German  Valley,  111. 
Stapleton,  S.  I. 
Tarrytown,   2d,  N.   Y. 
Thousand  Isles,  N.  Y. 
Vriesland,  Mich. 
Waterloo,   N.   Y. 

1852. 
Port  Herkimer,   N.  Y. 
High  Prairie,  111. 
Jeffersonville,  N.  Y. 
New  Haven.  Conn. 
New  York  City,   3d  German.. 
Jer.sey  City,  3d,  Hamilton  Square,  N.  J. 
Lisha's  Kill,   N.  Y. 
Philadelphia,   2d,   7th   St.,  Pa. 
Rochester,    N.    Y. 

1853. 
Arcot,   India. 
Arni.   India. 
Buffalo,   N.  Y. 
Burlington,  la. 
Castleton,   N.   Y. 
Chiang-Chiu,   China    (station). 
Chicago,   1st,  111. 
Chittoor.   India. 
Clymer  Hill.    N.   Y. 
Hud.son   City    (Jersey   City),   N.   J. 
Kerhonksen.  N.  Y. 
Mount  Vernon,   N.   Y. 
New  York  City,  Harlem   (Ger.). 
North   Bergen.   N.   J. 
North   Holland.   Mich. 
Ranipettai,   India. 
Vellore,  India. 

1854. 
Astoria,    2d,   N.   Y. 
Bergen   Point,   N.  J. 
Cedar    Grove,    Wis. 
Chicago,    2d.    111. 
Chioh-be.  China   (station). 
Clark.sville.  N.   Y. 
Cuddebackville,  N.   Y. 
Holland,  Wis. 
Melrose,    Bronx,   N.    Y.   C. 
New  York  City,   4th  German. 
New  York  City,   5th  Ave.  and  29th   St. 

Collegiate. 
Raritan,   111. 
Schenectady,   3d,  N.  Y. 


Shandaken,  N.  Y. 
Spring  Lake,  111. 

1855. 
Albany,  4th,  N.  Y.   (Ger.). 
Alto,  Wis. 

Battle   Creek,   Mich. 
Bethany     Chapel,     Brooklyn     Heights, 

N.  Y. 
Brooklyn,  Lee  Ave.,  N.  Y. 
Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
Cold  Spring.  N.  Y. 
East   Millstone,    N.    J 
East   Williamsburgh,  N.  Y. 
Ellenville.  2d,  N.  Y. 
Franklin,  N.  J. 
Hackensack,    2d,   N.   J. 
Hageman's,  N.  Y. 
Lamsons,  N.  Y. 
Naumberg,   N.   Y. 
Newtown,   2d,   N.  Y. 
New  Bremen,  N.  Y. 
New  York  City,  Central,   9th  St. 
Sandusky  City,  Ohio. 
South  Holland,  Low  Prairie,  III. 
Tottenville,   S.   I. 
Warren,  N.  J. 

1856. 
Amoy,  China. 
Bushnell,  111. 
Callicoon,  N.  Y. 
Colt's  Neck,  N.  J. 
Gibbsville,  Wis. 
Hoboken   (Ger.),  N.  J. 
Jersey  City.   4th,  N.  J. 
Mina  Corners,   N.   Y. 
Newark,  North.  N.  J. 
Nordeloos,  Mich. 
Paterson,  Holland.  1st.  N.  J. 
Pella,  1st.  la. 
Sheboygan   Falls.   Wis. 
West  Leyden,  N.  Y. 

1857. 
Coonoor,   India. 
Hackensack,  3d   (Ger.),  N.  J. 
Metuchen,  N.  J. 
New   Concord,    N.    Y. 
New  York  City,  7th  Ave  and  57th  St. 
Polktown.    Coopersville,   Mich. 
Rocky   Hill.   N.   J. 

1858. 

Athens.  Pa. 

Brooklyn.  North  6th  St..  Miss.,  N.  Y. 

Buckbrook.  N.   Y. 

Milesville.    N.    Y. 

New  Rochelle    (Ger.),   N.   Y. 

New  York  City.   4th  Ger.,   240  W.    40th 
St. 

Paterson   (Hoi.).  Secession,  N.  J. 

Plainfield    (Ger.),  N.  J. 

Queens,  L.  I. 

Quincy,   111. 

Bedford.   Mich. 

Schodack  Landing,  N.  Y. 

Sprakers,  N.  Y.      (Name  Sprakers  Bas- 
in changed). 

Woodhaven,    L.    I. 

1859. 

Albany    (Hoi.),   N  Y. 

Albany,  Dudley,  N.  Y. 

Athens.  2d.  N.  Y. 

[Boston.    Mass.]. 

Brooklyn,  Bergen  Hill.  L.  I. 

Chioh-be.   China. 

Davenport.  la. 

Eden.  Wis. 


772 


APPENDIX 


Grandville,   Mich. 

Palmaner.  India. 

Hudson   City,    2d,    Jersey   City,    N.    J. 

Lodi,  N.   J. 

Muskegon,  Michigan. 

Nagasaki,    Japan.        Station    (Kanaga- 

wa). 
New  York  City,  Union,  6th  Ave. 
Porter,  Mich. 
South  Gilboa,  N.  Y. 
Stuyvesant   Falls,    N.    Y. 

1860. 
Amoy,    2d,   China. 
Grand  Rapids,  1st,  Mich. 
New  York  City,  Prospect  Hill,   85th  St. 
Tompkinsville,  2d,  S.  I. 

1861-70. 

1861. 
Indian  Castle,  N.  Y. 
New  York  City,  De  Witt  Chapel. 
New  York  City,  Madison  Ct.  Chapel. 
New  York  Citv,  North  Trinity,   Broad- 
way and   34  th  St. 
White  Hall,  111. 

1862. 
Closter  City,  N.  J. 
Forreston,   111. 
Gingee,  India. 
Holland,    2d,  Hope,   Mich. 
Ilion,  N.  Y. 
North  Creek,  111. 
Philadelphia,   4th,  Pa. 
Sattambadi,   India. 
Walpack,  Upper,  Pa. 
Aliendal,    India. 
Katpadi,   India. 
Keokuk,   la. 

Lafayette,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
Madanapalla,   India. 
Pella.   2d,   la. 
Pittsford.    Mich. 
Plainfield,   Central,  N.   J. 
South  Macon,  Mich. 
Vellambi,   India. 
Wiltwick,  N.  Y. 
Yokohama,  Japan.      Station. 
Yokohama,  Japan,  1st,  for  foreign  res- 
idents. 

1864. 
Addisville,    Pa. 
Cleveland,   Ohio. 
Paterson,   Broadway,   N.   J. 
St.   Remy,   N.   Y. 

1865. 
Charleston,    S.    C.      Station. 
Havana,   111. 
Kewascum,  Wis. 
Kundipattur,  India. 
Pottersville,  N.  J. 
Spring  Valley,  N.  Y. 
Tillaborough,   N.   Y. 
White  Plains,  N.  Y. 

1866. 
Albany  Park,   Chapel,  N.  Y. 
Brooklyn    (Ger.),  L.  I. 
Bethel,   la. 

Clinton,  Annandale,  N.   J. 
High  Bridge,  N.  J. 
Millbrook,   N.  Y. 
Newark,  West,  N.  J. 
New  York  City    (Hoi.). 
New      York      City,      Knox      Memorial 
Chapel. 


New     York     City,     Manor     Chapel     of 

South    Dutch    Church. 
New  York  City,   48th  St.,  Chapel. 
Palisades,   N.   J. 
Paterson,   2d,  Hoi.,  N.  J. 
Paterson,   6th,   N.  J. 
Sayville,   L.   I. 

1867. 
Dunkirk,   N.   Y. 
Fulton,   111. 
Gnanodavam,    India. 
Holland,    3d,    Mich. 
Holland,  Ebenezer,  Mich. 
Leyden  Centre,  111. 
Paterson    (Hoi.),   N.  J. 
Yorktown,    Minn. 

1868. 
Boonton,  N.  J. 

Brooklyn,   Myrtle   Ave.,   Miss.,   N.   Y. 
Jersey  City,  West  End,  N.  J. 
Lodi,   Independent,    N.   J. 
Marutavambadi,   India. 
Newark,  South,  Clinton  Ave.,  N.  J. 
Norris,    111.      Station. 
O-Kang,    China. 
Orattur,   India. 
Passaic,  North,  N.  J. 
Philadelphia,  Bethune  Memorial,   Pa. 
Philadelphia,   Kensington,   Pa. 
Saugatuck,   Mich. 
Sekadu,   India. 
Two  Rivers,  111.     Station. 

1869. 
Amelia   Court   House,   Va. 
Brookfleld,    Conn. 
Clymer  Village,  Abbe  Ch. 
Danforth,   111. 
Ebenezer,   111. 
Fynaart,    Mich. 
Greenleafton,  Minn. 
Guttenberg,  N.  J. 
Jamestown,  Mich. 
Kattapalli,   India. 
Newark,   East.   N.   J. 
New  York  Citv,  North  Church  Chapel, 

113    Fulton    St. 
New  York   City,    7th   Ave.    Chapel. 
Niigata,   Japan.      Station.       (1869-70). 
Pella,   3d,   la. 
Pella.   4th,   la. 
Tokyo,   Japan.   Station. 
Varriikkal,    India. 
Wallkill  Valley,   N.   Y. 

1870. 
Beaverdam,    Mich. 
East  Williamson,   N.   Y. 
Fremont  Centre.   IMich. 
Hamilton.   Mich. 
Holland.    Neb. 
Hong-San,   China. 
Livingston,    Linlithgo.    N.    Y. 
Marion,   N.   Y. 
South  Bend,  Ind. 
Spring  Lake,  Mich. 

1871-1880. 

1871. 
Chiang-Chiu,    China. 
Chicago.    Norwood    Park. 
Cranesville,  N.  Y. 
Flatbush.  (jrace  Chapel. 
Grand    Haven,    2d,    Mich. 
Jersey  City,  CJreenville,  N.  J. 
Kolapakam,   India. 
Linden,  N.  J. 


APPENDIX 


773 


Locust  Valley,  Queens,   N.   Y.   C 

Narasinganur.  India. 

Newark.  Woodside,  N.   J. 

North    Branch.    N.    Y. 

Orange  City,   la. 

Otley.  la. 

Rotterdam,    Kan. 

Somerset,   Kan. 

Tung-an,   China. 

Wortendyke,   N.  J. 

1872. 
College  Point,  Queens,  N.  Y.  C. 
East  Overisel,  Mich. 
Jersey  City,  Bayonne.  3d,  N.  J. 
Jersey  City,  Free. 
Jersey  City  Heights.  Central. 
New  York  Citv.  Fifth  Ave.  and  Forty- 
eighth  St.  Collegiate. 
New  York  City,  Ave.  B  and  Fifth  St. 
Peoria.   111. 
South  Haven,  Mich. 
Yokohama,   Kaigan  Ch.,   Japan. 

1873. 
Hohokus,  N.  J. 
Holland,   2d,  Neb. 
Passaic    (Hoi.),   N.    J. 

1874. 
Chicago.  Irving  Park,  111. 
Flatbush,   2d.  Brooklvn,  N.  Y.  C. 
High  Bridge.   Bronx.  N.  Y.  C. 
Hig:hlands,    N.    J. 
Jericho.  L.   I. 

Jersey  City.  South  Bergen.  N.  J. 
Parkersburgh.    la. 
Three   Bridges.  N.   J. 
Wilcox.  Pa. 

1875. 
Central    Bridge.    N.    Y. 
Detroit,    Mich. 
Fort   Lee.    N.   J. 
Grand  Rapids.  3d.   Mich. 
(Jrand  Rapids.  Independent.  Mich. 
Hortonville.  N.  Y. 
Lansing.   111. 
Long  Is.   City,   Laurel   Hill.   Queens,  N. 

Y'.  C. 
Montague.  Mich. 
New  York   City.   Norfolk   St. 
Orange.  East  Orange.  N.  J. 
Ramseys,  N.   J. 
Ridge  wood.  N.  J. 
Tindivanam.    India. 
Twin    Lakes.    Mich. 

1876. 
Asbury  Park.   N.   J. 
Canarsie.   Brooklvn.   N.   Y.   C. 
Cherry    Hill,     N.     J.     (North    Hacken- 

sack). 
Jamaica.  Queens.  N.  Y.  C. 
Lyonsville.    N.    Y. 
Nagasaki.   Japan. 
ITyeda,    Japan    (1876-1917). 
Yehamur,   India. 

1877. 
Alton,   la. 

Ferrysburgh,    Mich. 
Hartsburgh,   III. 
Kojimachi,  Japan. 
Long    Branch,     2d,     Sea    Side    Chapel. 

N.  J. 
New   Amsterdam,  Wis. 
Sioke  Chapel,   China. 
South   Pass,  Neb. 
Sioux     Centre,     1st.     formerly     Orange 

City,  We.st  Branch,  la. 


Stewartville.  N.  Y. 
Tokyo,    Japan. 
Vellirapetti,   India. 

1878. 
Franklin  Furnace,   N.   J. 
Lodi,    2d,   N.   J. 

1879. 
Chicago,   Roseland,    111. 
De  Spelder,  Mich. 
Manito,   111. 

Paterson    (Hoi),    Union    Refd.,   N.   J. 
Raritan,  4th,  111. 
Twin  Lakes,  Mich. 

1880. 
Centerville,   S.   D. 
(Jreenwood,  Wis. 
Hardewyck,    Mich. 
Harrison,  S.  D. 
New  York  City,  Manor  Chapel  of  South 

St.  Ch. 
Orangeburgh,  S.  C. 
Plainfleld.  Trinity.  N.  J. 
Washington,  la. 

1881-90. 

1881. 
Kreischerville,  S.  I. 
Sioke,   China. 

1882. 
Bannertown,  la. 
Centreville,   Athenia,   N.    J. 
Secaucus.    N.    J. 

Spring  Vallev,   Maywood,   N.  J. 
Vanden    Berg,    S.    D. 
West  Copake.     (New  name  for  Tagh- 
kanick). 

1883. 
Arcadia;  Newark,  N.  Y. 
Hicksville,   L.    I. 
Jersey  City.  St.  Johns.  N.  J. 
Lennox,    S.   D. 
Newkirk,   N.    Orange,   la. 
Sandham   Memorial,   S.   D. 
Sioux  Falls,  S.  D. 
South   Blendon.   Mich. 
Three    Oaks,    Mich. 

1884. 
Baileyville.   111. 
Bon  Homme,  S.  D. 
Charles  Mix,  S.  D. 
Emmanuel,    Belmond,   la. 
Greenbush,    Wis. 
Immanuel,    Springfield,    S.    D. 
Philadelphia,   Kan. 
Maurice.    la. 

New   Brunswick,   Suydam   St.,   N.   J. 
Ontario.   N.  Y. 
Pella.  Neb. 
Salem.   S.    D. 

1885. 
Bethany    (near   Pella).    la. 
Boardville.    N.    J. 
Free  Grace.    la. 
Grand   View.  Armour,   S.    D. 
Hope,   La  Grace.   S.   D. 
Howard   Prairie.   Wis. 
Hull.   Pattersonville.   la. 
Luctor.    Kan. 
New  York  City,  Grace  Refd.,   7th  Ave. 

and    54th    St. 
New  York  City.    Yorkville.    (Ger. ). 
Orange  City,  2d,  la. 


774 


APPENDIX 


1886. 
Chicago,   Englewood,   111. 
Cobleskill,    N.   Y.,    2d. 
Grand   Rapids,    5th,   Mich. 
Hope,  Westfleld,   S.  D. 
Hospers,  la. 
Kalamazoo,    2d,    Mich. 
Monroe,  Aplington,   la. 
New    York    City,    Harlem,     2d,    Lenox 

Ave.  ;    Harlem  Collegiate. 
Olive  Leaf,   Wakonda,   S.  D. 
Ramsay,  Titonka,  la. 
Roseland,   Minn. 
Van  Raalte,  S.  D. 
Westwood,  N.  J. 

1887. 
Hamilton  Grange,    Bronx,   N.  Y.   C. 
Palmyra,    N.   Y. 
Paterson,  Riverside,  N.  J. 
Rochester,   2d,  N.  Y. 
Waupun,  Wis. 

1888. 
Boyden,  la. 
Immanuel,  S.  D. 
La  Payette,  Ind. 
Morioka,  Japan    (1888-1917). 
Sully,  Bethany,  la. 
Willow  Lakes,  S.  D. 

1889. 
Atwood,    Mich. 

Delaware,  Davis,  or  Lennox,  3d,  S.  D. 
Grand   Rapids,    6th,   Mich. 
Greenbush,  Wis. 
Hull,  S.  D. 
Jamestown,   2d,  Mich. 
Kalamazoo,   3d,  Mich. 
Leighton,    Ebenezer,   la. 
Lennox,   2d,  S.  D. 
Le  Mars,  la. 
Sio-Khe,  China. 

1890. 
Chicago,  Roseland,  2d,  111. 
Cleveland,  2d,  O. 
Bast  Palatine,  N.  Y. 
Firth,  Neb. 

Grand  Rapids,  7th,  Mich. 
Highland  Park,   N.  J. 
Hingham,    Wis. 
Newtown  (Ger. ).   Reorganized  ;  Queens, 

N.   Y.   C. 
New  York  City,  Vermilye  Chapel,  Col- 
legiate. 
Rehoboth,    Lucas,   Mich. 
Rock  Valley,  la. 
Summit,   111. 
Vogel   Centre,    Mich. 
,  Zion,   Chapin,   la. 

1891-1900. 

1891. 
Bethany,  Leota,  la. 

Brooklyn,  South,  Church  of  Jesus,  N.  Y. 
Basrah,    Arabia    (station). 
Chicago,  Gano,  111. 
Chicago,   Trinity,    111. 
Edgewood.   Brooklyn,  N.   Y.   C. 
Galesburg,   la. 
Gardiner,   N.  Y. 
Garfield,  N.   J. 
Grand  Rapids,  8th,  Mich. 
Hickman,   Neb. 
Hope,  Sheboygan,  Wis. 
Little  Palls,   2d,  N.  J. 
Muscatine,  la 


Muskegon,   2d,  Mich. 

Oradell.  N.  J. 

Philadelphia,    Talmage   Memorial,   Pa. 

Racine,   Wis. 

Ridgewood,  Evergreen,  Queens,  N.  Y.  C. 

Steinway,  Queens,  N.  Y.  C. 

Thiang,  China. 

1892. 

Amsterdam,   Trinity,   N.   Y. 

Anderson  Memorial  of  Belmont,  Bronx, 
N.   Y.    C. 

Bath-on-Hudson.      reorganized ;       now 
Rensselaer,   N.   Y. 

Brighton   (CI.  Rochester),  N.  Y. 

Brooklyn,  Greenwood  Heights,  N.  Y. 

Chicago,   Bethany,  111. 

Clifton,   N.   J. 

Davis,  S.  D. 

Elim,   White   Rock,    111. 

Palmouth,    Mich. 

Hope.    George,   la. 

Grand   Rapids,    9th,   Mich. 

Kalamazoo,    4th,   Mich. 

Moddersville,  Mich. 

New  York  City,  Second  Ave.  and  Sev- 
enth St.,  Collegiate. 

New   York    City,    West    End   Ave.    and 
77th  St.,  Collegiate. 

Paterson,  People's  Park,  N.  J. 

Philmont,   N.   Y. 

Schnectady,   Bellevue,   N.  Y. 

Schenectady,   Mt.   Pleasant,   N.  Y. 

Wakonda,  S.  D. 

Yonkers,  Park  Hill,  N.   Y. 
1893. 

Bahrein,    Arabia. 

Britton,  Mich. 

Buffalo  Centre,   la. 

Chicago,   Northwestern,  111. 

Cromwell  Centre,  la. 

Chilam,   China. 

George,    la. 

Hasbrouck  Heights,   N.   J. 

Grand  Rapids,  10th,  Bethany,  Mich. 

Kagoshima,    Japan. 

Koster,  III.    (Wichert). 

Mascat,  Arabia    (station). 

New   Era,   Mich. 

New  Hyde  Park,  L.  I. 

Randolph  Centre,  Wis. 

Yankton,   S.   D. 

1894. 

Aomori,  Japan,  1894-1917. 

Baker,    Sibley,   la. 

Bethlehem,  New  Sharon,  la. 

(jhurch    of    the    Comforter,    Bronx,    N. 
Y.  C. 

Davis,  S.  D. 

De  Motte,   Ind. 

East  Little   Rock,   la. 

Ebenezer,    Scotland,    S.    D. 

Johnstown,  N.   Y. 

Monroe    (Ger.),   S.   D. 

North   Paterson,   N.   J. 

Pella,    4th,   la. 

Poa-a,  China. 

Salem,   la. 

Sheldon,  la. 

Silver   Creek,   Maple   Lake,   Minn. 

South  Little   Rock.   la. 
1895. 

Aplington,  la. 

Chiang-Chiu     (station)     China. 

Glen   Rock,   N.   J. 

Hawthorne,   N.   J. 

Maple   Lake,   Minn. 


APPENDIX 


775 


New  York  City,  34th  St;.  Church  Chapel. 

New  York  Mills,  N.  Y. 

North   Sibley,  la. 

Philadelphia.   South,  Pa. 

Saga,  Japan. 

Salem,  S.  D.,  Reorganized. 

Syracuse,   2d,  N.   Y. 

Tong-an,   China. 

University  Heights,  the  Bronx,  N.  Y.  C, 

Collegiate. 
West   Hoboken,    N.   J. 
1896. 
Alexander,   la. 
Altamont.  N.   Y. 
Bay   Ridge,   Brooklyn,  N.   Y.   C. 
Carmel,  la. 

Clara  City   (Hoi.),  Minn. 
Morrison.   Ebenezer,   111. 
Friesland,   Minn. 
Holland,   4th,  Mich. 
Kenosha,   Mich. 
Long    I.s.    City,    Sunnyside,    Queens,    N. 

Y.   C. 
Ontario.  N.   Y. 
Port  Jervis,   N.   \'..,   2d. 
Womi.ser  City,  Mont. 
1897. 
Albany,   6th,  N.   Y. 
Brooklyn.   Emmanuel,   N.   Y. 
Churchville.   Minn. 
Cirand  Rapids,  Grace,  Mich. 
Montclair  Heights.   N.  J. 
Nagano,   Japan,    1897-1917. 
Nasaria,    Arabia,    (station). 
Rosendale  Plains,  N.  Y. 
Wellsburg,   la. 

1898. 
Bethany.  Memorial,  Bronx,  iSf.  Y.  C. 
Bethel,  Mich. 
Buffalo,   N.  Y. 
Colony,    Okla. 
Lake  Shore,   Mich. 
Zoar,   la. 

1899. 

Clara  City.  Bethany    (Ger. ),  Minn. 

Holland,  Gelderland.   Mich. 

New  Sharon,  la. 

Sioux  Centre,  Central   Ch.,  la. 

Summit,    Chicago,   Lawn. 

Sunshine  Chapel,  of  Collegiate  Church, 
N.   Y.   C. 

Wanaque,    N.   J, 

1900. 

Archer,  la. 

Bogota,  N.  J. 

Church    of   the   Faithful,    Brown's   Sta- 
tion, N.  Y. 

Highwood,   N.  J. 

Kampen,   Md. 

Prince's  Bay,  S.   I. 

Rochelle  Park,  N.  J. 

Wilhelmina,  Md. 

Woodlawn   Chapel,    Brooklyn,   N.  Y.   C. 

Worthing,    Lennox,    S.    D. 

Yonkers,  Mile  Square,  N.  Y. 


1901-10. 

1901. 
Becker's  Corners,  N.   Y. 
Chicago,  Immanuel  Mission. 
Cordell,   Oklahoma    (station). 
Fort  Sill,  Oklahoma. 
Kumamoto.   Japan,    1901-1904. 


Kilduff,   la. 

Law  ton,   Okl. 

North    Yakima.    Wash. 

Philadelphia.    Bethany,    Pa. 

1902. 

Alligerville,  N.  Y. 

Bayonne,  N.  J..  5th  St.  (Formed 
by  Union  of  the  1st  Presbyteri- 
an Chuich  of  Bayonne  and  Ber- 
gen  Point   Reformed  Church). 

Brooklyn.    Bethany. 

Chicago,   Englewood,   2d. 

Dempster  and  Chancellorville,  S.  D. 

Goodland,    Ind. 

Harrison,   Okl. 

Liberty,   Okl. 

Pennsylvania   Lane,    111. 

Red   Bank,  N.   J. 

Rensselaer,  N.  Y.,  1st.  (New  name  for 
Bath-on-the-Hudson ) . 

Spring    Creek,    Minn. 

West   Hoboken,   N.   J.,    1st 

1903. 

Ada.    Mich. 

Arapahoe,  Okl. 

Brookdale.  (New  name  of  Stone 
Hou.se  Plains). 

Brooklyn,    Grace    Reformed. 

Faith  Mission  of  Collegiate  Church. 
N.    Y.    C. 

Muskegon,  Mich.,  3d,  (Formerly  Inde- 
pendent). 

North    Blendon,   Hudsonville,    Mich. 

Oak  Harbor,  W^ash. 

Portage,    Mich. 

Prairie  City,  la. 

Sandstone,   Minn. 

Timmonsville,    S.    C.    Zion. 

1904. 
All  Souls,  Florence,   S.  C. 
Bethel,    Shiloh,    S.    C. 
Bethsaida,  Magnolia,   S.   C. 
Buck    Creek,    Okl. 
Chancellor,   S.   D. 
Clinton,    Okl. 
Dalton,  111. 
Grand,  Okl. 
Harlem,    Mich. 

Hyde  Park,   East  Orange  N.   J. 
Suliy.   la. 
Volga,  S.  D. 

Wortendyke,   N.   J.,   Trinity. 
Zeeland,   Mich.,    2d. 

1905. 
Baldwin.    Wis. 
Bethel,    la. 

Forestville.  Wis.,   Ringle. 
Kalamazoo,   Mich..   Bethany. 
Logan,    Dell    Rapids,    S.    D. 
Mapes.  N.   D. 
.Mariner's  Harbor,  S.   I..   N.   Y. 

1906. 
Brooklyn,    Woodlawn. 
Cast'  Township,   Moore,   Okl. 
P'^henezer,    Milford,    la. 
Gotebo.   Okl. 

Grand  Rapids,   Mich.,   Bethel. 
Howe's  Cave,   N.    Y.,    2d. 
Interlaken.     (New    name   for   Farmer), 

N.  Y. 
Litchville,   N.   D. 
New  Holland.   Englewood,   Col. 
Scotland,    S.    D.     (New    name    for    Eli- 

enezer). 
Thomas,    Okl. 


776 


APPENDIX 


1907. 
Apache    (Port  Sill). 
Asbury,    Palco,   Kan. 
Comanche.    Okl. 
East  Belfast,   Maine,   Trinity. 
Edgerton,    Minn.,    Union. 
Grand   Rapids,   Mich.,   Immanuel. 
Grant,   Mich. 

Horton,    Memorial,    Shawnee,   Okl. 
Maurice.  American,   S.  D. 
Meservey,  la. 
Norman,   Okl. 

Perth  Amboy,  N.  J.  St.  Paul's. 
Prairie    Home,    Okl. 
Prairie    View,    Kan. 
Stout,    la. 

Vermilye    Memorial,    Lawton,    Okl. 
Waldwick.    N.    J. 
Winfield.   L.   I.,   N.   Y. 

1908. 
Aplington.    la. 
Castlewood,    S.    D. 
Corsica,   S.   D.,  Grace. 
Cortland.    N.    Y. 
Doon,    la. 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  Trinity. 
Harrington    Park.    N.   J. 
Montana,    First,    Conrad,    Mont. 
North    Marion,   N.   D. 
Oklahoma    City,    Okl. 
Punganur,    India    Station. 
Randolph,    Wis.,    2d. 
Tulsa,   Okl. 
West  New  York,  N.  J.,  Trinity. 

1909. 
Decatur,  Mich. 
Fairview,  Okl. 
Far  Rockaway,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 
Fort  Washington,   Collegiate,  N.  Y.   C. 
Garden   Plains.   111. 
Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  Faith. 
Jersey    City,    N.    J.,    Van    Vorst,     1st. 
(Formed   by   union   of  Grand   St. 
and    Wayne    St.    churches). 
Kalamazoo,   Mich.,   North  Park. 
Mescalero,    N.    M. 
Newton,  111.,  Zion. 
Ustick,   111.,   Morrison,   Spring  Valley. 

1910. 
Artesian,   S.   D. 
Bristow.   la. 

Brooklyn,    Barren   Island. 
Byron   Centre.   Mich. 
Eddyville,   la. 
Manhattan,    Mont. 
Marion,    N.    Y..    2d. 
Miller,    S.    D. 

Monarch,   Alberta.    Canada. 
Oita,   Japan.   Station. 
Plainfield.  N.  J..  Netherwood. 
Poughkeepsie,   N.   Y.,   Arlington. 
Schenectady,   N.   Y..  Woodlawn. 
Tyndall.  Avon,   S.  D. 
Windsor   Terrace,   N.   Y. 

1011-1920. 

1911. 
Amara,    Arabia.    Station. 
Annville,   Kentucky. 
Big  Timber,   Mont.  Hope. 
Chandler,  Minn. 

Chicago.   111..  West  Side,  Oak  Park. 
Cutting,  N.   Y. 
Fruitland,  Mesa,  Col. 
Holland,    Mich.,    Trinity. 


Hull,   la.,   American  Reformed. 

Indianapolis,   Ind. 

Katpadi,    India,    Station. 

Lynden,  Wash. 

McKee,    Kentucky. 

New  Sharon,  la. 

Peekskill,  N.  Y.,  Hungarian. 

Prairie   (Tity,   la. 

Sodus,   N.   Y. 

Wichita,   Kan. 

Winnebago,  Neb. 

Wood-Cliff-on-the-Hudson,   N.   J.  i 

Yonkers,  N.  Y.,  Crescent  Place. 

Zion,  German  Evangelical,  Bronx,  N. 
Y.  C.  (Formed  by  the  union  of 
German  Evangelical  Mission  and 
Zion  German  Presbyterian 
Church). 

1912. 
Grand   Rapids,    Mich.,   Hope. 
High   Woods,   N.   Y. 
Hudsonville,    Mich. 
Inwood,    la. 

Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  West  Side. 
Katpadi,    India. 
Marconnier,  Oak  Tree,  N.  J. 
Matsumoto,    Japan,    Station. 
North     Hackensack,     N.     J.        (Named 

changed    from    Cherry    Hill,    N. 

J.,  1876). 
Passaic,    N.    J.,    4th.       (Received    from 

Christian  Reformed  Church). 
Williamson,   N.   Y. 

1913. 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  Forest  Park.   (Formed 

by  union  of  East  New  York  and 

Presbyterian    Church    of    Forest 

Park). 
Carlstadt,    Canada. 
Crookston,    Neb. 
Delmar,   N.    Y.      (Name   of   Bethlehem. 

2d,   after    1913). 
Dumont,   la. 
Dunningsville.   Mich. 
Hudson,   N.   Y..  Hungarian. 
Hamilton.   Mich.,   American   Reformed. 
Ireton,    la. 

Mountain   Lakes,   N.   J. 
Mount  Greenwood,   111. 
Munsonville,  N.  Y. 
Oskaloosa,  la..  Central. 
Plainfield,   Mich. 
Scarsdale,    N.    Y. 
Vallev  Stream,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. 
Wichert.         (Before     1913     known     as 

Koster). 

1914. 
Bethel,   Ellsworth,   Minn. 
Biglow,   Minn. 

Grand  Rapids.  Mich.,   East  Paris. 
Gray   Hawk,    Kentucky. 
Herman,   Minn. 
Hohokus,    N.    J. 
Lake   View,    S.    D. 
New   Holland,   Alderson,   Canada. 
Poughkeepsie,   N.   Y.,   Emanuel. 
Shimonosiki.   Japan,   Station. 
Sibley,  la.,    (Classis  of  Germania). 
Steen,  Minn. 
Twin   Brooks,   S.   D. 

1915. 
Aurora,   Stickney,   S.   D. 
Beacon,    N.    Y.      (New  name   for  Fish- 

kill-on-the-Hudson,     1915. 
Beverly,  Mich. 


APPENDIX 


771 


•Chicago,  Emmanuel    (Roseland). 

Chicago,  Hungarian,  West  Side. 

Chicago,   Kensington,    Italian   Mission. 

Clifton,   N.   J.,  Holland. 

Clove  Valley  Chapel,  S.  I. 

Fairview,  la. 

Friesland,  Wis.  (New  name  for  Ran- 
dolph Centre,  Wis.). 

Fukuoka,  Japan,   Station. 

Grand   Rapids,   Mich.,    Knapp  Ave. 

Kurume,    Japan,    Station. 

Hackensack,    N.    J.,    Italian. 

Lamont,   Mich. 

Paterson,  N.  J.,  Church  of  the  Cov- 
enant. 

Rock  Rapids,  la. 

Sanborn,   la. 

Sioux   City,   la. 

South    Barnard,    Mich.    (Charlevoix). 

Stone  Ridge.  N.  Y.  (New  name  for 
Marbletown,   N.   Y.). 

West  End.  Port  Jervis.  New  name  for 
Port   Jervis,    2d). 

1916. 
Alvord.   la. 
Fulton,    111.,    2d. 

Grand   Rapids,   Mich.,   Calvary. 
Holland,  Mich.,  6th. 
Irvington.  N.   jr.,   2d. 
Lester,   la. 
Matlock,   la. 
Melvin,   la. 
Ottawa,    Zeeland,    Mich. 

1917. 
Fairview,    S.   D. 
Orand    Rapids,    Mich.,    Zion. 
Lincoln  Park.  N.  J. 
Muskegon,   Mich.,  Unity.' 
Sibley,  la.   (Classis  of  East  Sioux). 
Strasburg,   N.   D. 

Upper  Ridgewood   Community,   N.   J. 
Valley  Spring,  S.  D. 
Vesper,  Arpin,  Wis. 

1918. 
Allegan.   Mich.,   1st. 
Allendale.    Jenison,    Mich. 
Apache,    White    Tail,    N.    M. 
Clifton   Chapel,   New   Durham. 
Bemis,    S.    D. 
F'irth.    Neb. 

Grand     Rapids,      Mich.,     Central     Re- 
formed. 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  Fairview. 
Muskegon,  Mich.,   5th. 


Newark,  N.  J.,  Mt.  Olivet,  Italian. 
Spokane,   Wash. 
West  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  Hope. 
White  Tail  Canyon,  N.  M. 
Woodbourne,    N.    Y.       (New    name    for 
Pallsburgh,   N.   Y.). 

1919. 

Brooklyn,  N  Y.,  Trinity  Union  of  the 
German  Evangelical  Church  of 
Brooklyn  and  the  German 
Evangelical  Church  of  Manhat- 
tan. 

Douglaston.   N.   Y. 

Dover.  N.   D. 

Leng-na,    China,    Station. 

Little  Rock.  la.,   2d. 

Manville.  N.  J.,  Hungarian. 

Orange  City,  la..  Trinity. 

Seattle.   Wash.,    Immanuel. 

Waldensian  Congregation,  New  York 
City. 

1920. 

Amherst,   S.  D.,  Weston. 

Claremont.   S.    D. 

Corinth,  Mich.,  Community. 

De  Motte.  .Ind.,  American. 

Detroit.    Hope   Mission. 

Englewood.    N.    J.,    Italian. 

Little    Rock.    la.,    2d. 

Muskegon  Heights,  Covenant  Re- 
formed. 

Nasaria,    Arabia,    Station. 


1921-1930. 

1921. 
Bejou.   Minn. 
Belgrade,   Minn. 
Denver,    Col. 
Finderne,   N.   J. 
Hull.  la..  American. 
Ogilvie,    Minn. 
Prince  Bay,  S.  I..  N.  Y. 
Roe  Memorial.   Dulce,   N.   M.    (Jicarilla 

Mission). 
Willow  Lakes.   S.   D.,  Immanuel. 

1922. 
Central   Park   Reformed   Church.   Mich. 

(New      name      for     Graafschap. 

Mich.). 
Newburg,   N.   Y.,   Italian. 
Teaneck.     N.     J.,     Community     Church 

(Bogota)     (Smith    IMemorial). 


Addenda 


I.      HISTORY. 

Page  93.  In  1922  the  Classis  of  Kingston  and  the  Classis  of  Ulster  have  pro- 
posed to  unite  under  the  name  of  the  Classis  of  Ulster,  in 
connection  with  the  Particular  Synod  of  New  York. 

II.      MINISTERS. 

Page   237.     Adams,  Thomas.     Harrington  Park,   N.   J.,    1917-22  ;    Amsterdam, 

N.  Y.,  Trinity,  1922 ,„,.„,       .      v. 

Page  249.     Benes,  L.  H.     Grand  View,  Armour,  S.  D.,   1916-22  ;    Archer,  la., 

]^922 

Page   252      Beseigel,  W.  E.     Mellenville,  N.  Y.,  1919-21  ;    N.  Y.  C,  Greenwood 

Heights,   1922 

Page   253.     Betten,  D.  L.     Florida,  N.  Y.,  1920-22;    d.  May  4th.     ,    ^     ^, 
Page   763.     Bishop,  Edward  Hodge.     P.  U.  1896;    N.  B.  S.  1922;    1.  by  Classis 

of  Hyde  Park,  East  Orange,  N.  J.,  1922 

Page   258.     Boeve,   Lucas.     Tarrytown.   N.   Y.,   2d.,   1914-22  ;    Kingston,  N.   Y., 

1st    1922 
Page   262.     Bosshart,  J.' G.     N.  Y.  C,  Borough  of  Queens;    Newtown   (Ger.), 

1920-22;     d.   April    21.  „   „  „, 

Page   262.     Bovce,     Donald.        S.     S.     Clarksville,     N.     Y.,     1919-21;     pastor, 

]^92i 

Page   265.     Broek.  A.  T.     Newark,  N.  J.,  Clinton  Ave.,   1908-22;    Mt.  Vernon, 

N     Y     1922 

Page   265.     Broek,  John.     Muskegon,  Mich.,   3d,   1905-22  ;    died  March   31st. 

Page   274.     Caliandro,   Anthony.     Ordained   July   17,    1921.       ,„,„„„ 

Page   274.     Campbell,    C.    H.     Wortendyke,    N.    J.  ;     Trinity,    1919-22  ;    Jerse> 

City,  N,  J.,  Central  Ave..  1922 

Page   281.     Clearwater,  C.  K.     N.  Y.   C,   Borough  of  Queens;    Newtown,   1st, 

1894-1922 
Page  763.     Cloo,   Nicholas.     W.   T.   S.    1922  ;    1.   by   Classis  of  Lake  View,    S. 

£)      1922 

Page   286.     Condl't,  C.   B.     Irvington,  N.  J.,   2d,  1920-22  . 

Page   291.     Cramer,    H.     Delaware,    Lennox,    S.    D.,    1920-21;     Presbyterian, 

1921 

Page  763.     Dalbergo,  Altruro.     Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  Italian  Mission,  1922—— 
Page   297.     DeBoer,    J.    J.     Licentiate,    ordained   by    CI.    N.    B.    May    2,    19Z<J ; 

Missionary  to  India,  1922 

Page   299.     DeHollander,  John  A.     Ghent,  N.  Y.,   2d,   1922 

Page   300.      DeJongh,   J.      Edgerton.   Minn..    1914-22. 

Page  763.     Dirks,  Eilert,  C.  C,  1919  :    N.  B.  S.   1922.  „„       ^,       ,      ^ 

Page   315.     Droppers,   O.    G.     Muskegon   Heights,    Mich.,    1920-22  ;     Cleveland. 

O.,    Calvary,    1922 

Page   323.     Dyke,  Jacob.      (Pres.  Pairton,  N.  J.,  1922;    Cold  Springs,  1922—— 
Page  763.     Everts,  Wm.  R.     W.  T.  S.,  1922;    1.  by  CI.  of  Bethel  Davis,  S.  D., 

1922 

Page   337.     French.  L.  H.     Hurley,  N.  Y.,   1920-22;    Sec.  College  Y.  M.  C.  A., 

Rutgers   College.    1922 ^    . 

Page   763.     Hakken,    Bernard    D.     W.    T.    S.,    1922  ;     Missionary    to    Arbaia. 

1922 

Page  369.     Hotaling,    Burton   J.      Died   May   1st,    1922. 

Page   372.     Hunter.    David    M.     Congregational,    Mass.,    1910 .    died    April 

23rd,    1922.  .„        ^,      ^ 

Page  763.     Kortleing,    R.    G.     N.    B.    S.,    1922;     1.    by    CI.    Montville,    N.    J.. 

1922 

Page  387.     Kramer,  G.    CI.  Missionary  CI.  of  Germania.  1916-22;    Brustow,  la., 

1922 

Page  387.     Kroesche,  F.  H..  b.   Billerbeck,  Germany,  Oct.   20,   1861  ;    came  to 

America,    1889;     Elim,    111..    1915-22;     died    April    2d. 
Page   388.      Kroodsma,   R.     Clymer  Hill.  N.   Y.,   1919-22.  ^  ,    ^ 

Page   388  and  576.     Kruvs-Voorberge.  J.  P.  J.,  Middleburg  Col.,  Neth  ;    W.  T. 

S.,    1912.   etc.  „      .^ 

Page   763.     Kuizenga,    Eldred    C.     W.    T.    S.,    1922;     1.    by   CI.    Grand   Rapids, 

Mich.  :    Zion,    1922 

Page   394.      Leeper.  J.  L      Born   1855:    died  April   8.   1922.  ^     ^ 

Page  763.     Linnemann,    A.      W.    T.    S.,    1922;     1.    by    CI.    of    Scotland,    S.    D.. 

1922 


78o 


ADDENDA 


Page   395.     Lepeltak,  C.      Forestville,   Wis.,   1919-22;    Vesper,  Wis.,   1922 

Page   762.      (Livingston,  T.     S.  S.  Greenville,  N.  Y.,   1920 ) 

Page   763.     Maat,  Garret  H.     W.  T.  S.,  1922  ;    1.  by  CI.  of  Ustick,  Spring  Val- 
ley,   111.,    1922 

Page   763.     McLean,  Edwin  Paul.     H.  C,   1918;    N.  B.   S.,   1922;    1.  by  CI.   of 

N.   B.  ;    Rockaway,  Whitehouse,   N.  J.,   1922 

Page   423.     Mertz,  J.  E.     Port  Jervis,    (Deerpark),  N.   Y.,   1920-22;    Paterson, 

N.  J.,   1st,  1922— 
Page   429.      Miller,  A.  J.      Schoharie,   N.   Y.,    1921-22 — Episcopalian. 
Page   763.      Moore,  John  S.      H.   C,   1917  ;    N.   B.  S.,   1922. 

Page   763.     Mulder,  Bernie.      W.  T.  S.,   1922;    Muskegon  Heights,  Mich.;    Cov- 
enant,  1922 

Page   435.     Mulder,  J.   B.     Raritan ;    2d   Somerville ;    Assistant   1920-23;    Irv- 

ington,  N.  J.,   1922. 
Page   437.      Muyskens,  Arie.      la.   Col.    1906;    W.   T.   S.,    1909,   etc. 
Page   442.      Olandt,  C.      Blawenburg,  N.  J.,  1921-22;    Lincoln  Park,  N.  J.,  1922. 
Page   442.      Oldenburger,   T.      W.   T.    S.,    1914,   etc. 
Page   444.      Ossewardie,   John.      Ebenezer,   Leighton,   la.,    1918-22;     Marion,   N. 

Y.,    2d,    1922 

Page   763.      (Pohling,   D.   A.,   LL.D.     Associate   Preacher,    N.   Y.    C.     Borough 

of  Manhattan,   Marble   Collegiate,    1922 ) 

Page   460.      Rearick,    Wm.    R.      Philadelphia,    Pa.,    Talniage    Memorial,    1909- 

22;     (Pres.    Philadelphia,   Mutchmore.    1922 ) 

Page   763.     Reynolds,   Stanley   C.     Prom   Vermont   Baptist   Association,    Stuv- 

vesant  Palls,  N.   Y.  ;    (S.   S. )    1921-2;   Pastor,   1922 

Page  763.     Robertson,    George   I.    (Jr.).     N.    B.    S.,    1922;     Annandale,    N.    J., 

1922 

Page   478.      Schilstra,  E.  S.      Doon,  la..   1913-22;    Rotterdam,  Kan,   1922 

Page  763.     Schmidt,  Johann.     C.  C,   1919  ;    N.   B.   S.,   1922. 

Page   482.      Scholten,   G.    B.      New   Hurley,   N.    Y.,    1916-22;     Lawyersville   and 

Sharon,   N.   Y.,   1922 

Page   763.      Schoon,  Heix-i   E.      H.   C,    1915;     N.   B.   S.,    1922. 

Page   498.      Seso,    A.    A.     Wynantskill,    N.    Y.,    1919-22;     Ghent,    N.    Y.,    1st, 

1922 

Page   498.      Severance,    C.    M.        S.    S.,    Long    Island    City,    2d    (Sunny    Side), 

1919-22. 
Page   499.      Shield,   P.   K.    (Sr.).     Bogota,   N.   J.,   Bogart   Memorial,   Assistant, 

1919-22  ;    Missionary,  Classis  of  Bergen,  1922 

Page   499.     Shield,  P.  K.    (Jr.).     Coxsackie,  N.  Y.,   2d,  1919-22. 

Page   763.     Smith,  A.  B.  W.     N.   B.  S.,   1922  ;    Greenbush.  N.  Y.,   1922 

Page   507.      Steininger,  G.      N.  Y.  C,  Borough  of  Bronx,  Mott  Haven,  1922 

Steketee,    John    B.      Missionary,    Classis    of    Ulster,    1922 

Page  514.     Suit,  E.  C.     Dismissed  to  Classis  of  Tiffin,  O.,  Ref.  Ch.  U.  S.,  April 

18th,    1922. 
TerBorg,  John.     W.  T.   S.,   1922  ;    Missionary  to  Japan. 
Page   539.      Vanden  Heuvel,  A.   J.      Twin  Lakes,  Mich.,   1920-22. 

Page   542.     Vander  Schaaf,  J.      Leota,  Minn.,  1916-22;    Denver,  Col.,  1922- • 

Page  763.     Van    Wagenen,    Reller   D.     R.    C,    1918;     N.    B.    S.,    1922;     Inter- 

laken,   N.   Y.,    1922 

Page   597.     Wirth,    A.    E.     N.    Y.    C,    Borough    of    Manhattan,    German.    4th. 

1919-22;    Raritan,  N.   J.,   4th,   1922 

Page   599.      Wormser,   "Wm.      Died  Feb.   5,    1922. 

Page   602.      Young,    P.    P.      Name   removed   from    roll   of   Classis.    South    Long 

Island,  at  his  own  request.  Jan.  9th,   1922. 
Page   603.     Zabriskie,  A.  A.     Pastor  Emeritus,   Bloomington,   N.   Y.,   1919-22  ; 

died   April    29th. 

III.      CHURCHES. 

Page  609.  Amsterdam,    N.    Y.,    Trinity.      Adams,   T.,    1922 

Page  609.  Annandale,  N.  J.      Robertson,  G.  I.    (Jr.),   1922 

Page  610.  Arabia.      Hakken,   B.   D..   Missionary   to. 

Page  611.  Archer,   la.      Benis,   L.   H.,    1922 

Page  614.  Bethel.   Davis,   S.   D.      Everts,   W.   R..   1922 

Page  614.  Bethel,    Leota,   Minn.      Vander   Schaaf,    J.    J.,    1916-22. 

Page  614.  Blawenburg,    N.    J.      Olandt,    C,    1921-22. 

Page  615.  Bogota,  Bogart  Memorial.      Shield,  P.  K.   (Sr.),  Associate,  1919-22. 

Page  624.  Clarksville,  N.  Y.    Boyce,  Donald,  S.  S..  1919-21  ;    Pastor,  1921 

Page  628.  Coxsackie,  N.  Y.,  2d.      Shield,  P.  K.    (Jr.),  1919-22. 

Page  629.  Delaware,  Lennox,  S.  D.     Cramer,  H.,   1920-21. 

Page  630.  Denver,  Col.     Vander  Schaaf,  J.  J.,   1922 

Page  630.  Doon,  la.     Schilstra.  E.   S.,   1913-22. 

Page  632.  Edgerton,  Minn.      DeJongh,  J..   1914-22. 

Page  632.  Elim,   III.      Kroesche,   P.   H..    1915-22. 

Page  633.  Pairview     (Bristow),    la.      Wubbena,    A.,     1918-20.       Kramer,    G., 

1922 

Page  634.  Florida,   N.   Y.      Bettn,    D.    L.,    1920-22. 

Page  635.  Porrestville.  Wis.     Lepeltak,  C,  1919-22. 


ADDENDA  78 1 

Page   638.  Ghent,  N.  Y.,  2d,  DeHoUender,  J.  A.,  S.   S.,   1922 

Page   640.  Grand  View,   Armour,    S.    D.      Benes,   L.    H.,    1916-22 

Page   641.  Greenbush,  N.  Y.      Smith,  A.   B.  W.,   1922 

Page   643.  Harrington  Park,  N.   J.,  Adams,  T.,   1917-22 

Page   647.  Hurley,    N.    Y.      French,    L.    H.,    1920-22. 

Page  647.  Hyde  Park,  East  Orange,   N.   J.      Bishop,  E.   H.,   1922 

Page  651.  Irvington,    N.    J.,    2d.     Condit,    C.    B.,    1920-22;     Mulder,    J.    B., 

Page   654.  Japan.     DeBoer,    J.    J.,    Missionary    to. 
Japan.      Ter  Borg,   John.   Missionary   to. 

Page   655.  Jersey  City,  N.  J.     Central  Ave.,  Campbell,  C.  H.,  1922 

Page  656.  Jersey   City,    N.    J,    West   Side.      Church    dropped   from    roll   April 

Page   658.  Kingston.   N.   Y.,    1st.      Boeve,   L,.,    1922 

Page   659.  Lake  View,   S.   D.      Cloo,   N.,    1922 

Page   660.  Lawyersville.   N.   Y.      Scholten,   G.    B.,    1922 

Page   660.  Lincoln  Park,  N.  J.      Olandt,  C,   1922. 

Page   664.  Mellenville.    N.   Y.      Be.seigel.    W     E      1919-21  " 

Page   666.  Montville,  N.  J.      Korteling,  R.  G.,   1922 

Page   667.  Muskegon  Heights,  Covenant.     Droppers,  O.  G.,  1920-22  •    Mulder 

B..   1922 

Page  670.  New  Hurley,  N.  Y.     Scholten.  G.  B.,   1916-22. 

Page   679.  N.  Y.  C  ,  Borough  of  Manhattan,  German  Evangelical,  4th.    Wirth 

A.    P.,    1919-22. 

Page   681.  N.  Y.  C,  Borough  of  Bronx,  Mott  Haven.      Steininger,  G.    1929 

Page  684.  N.  Y.  C,  Borough  of  Brooklyn,  Greenwood  Heights.     Beseigel,  W. 

E.,   1922 

Page   685.  N.    Y.    C,    Borough    of    Queens.      Newtown,    2d.      Bosshart,    J.    G., 

Page   685.  N.  Y.  C,   Borough  of  Queens,  Long  Island  City,   2d,    (Sunnvside). 
Severance,   C.   M.,    (S.    S.),    1919-22 

Page   692.  Paterson,   N.  J.,   1st.      Mertz,  J.   E.,   1922 

Page   696.  Port  Jervis,  N.  Y,,    (Deerpark).      Mertz,  J.   E.,   1920-22. 

■r,  ,.«n  Poughkeepsie,    N.    Y.,    Italian   Mission.     Dalbergo,    Altruro,    1922. 

Page   698.  Raritan,    Somerville,    2d.   Mulder,    J.    B.  ;    Assistant,    1920-22 

Page   698.  Raritan,  N.   J..   4th.      Wirth,   A.   P.,   1922 

Page   700.  Rockaway,   Whitehouse.   N.   J.      McLean    E    P      192'' 

Page   701.  Rotterdam,   Kan.      Schilstra,   E.   S..    1922 

Page   705.  Schoharie.    N.    Y.      Miller    A     J      1921-2'' 

Page   706.  Sharon,   N.  Y.      Scholten.  G.   B     1922 ^ 

Page  710.  Stuyvesant  Palls,   N.   Y.     Reynolds,   S.    C,   S.   S.,    1921-2;     Pastor, 

Page  711.  Tarrytown,   N.   Y..    2d.     Boeve.  L.,   1914-22 

Page  713.  Twin  Lakes.  Mich.     Vanden  Heuvel.  A.  J.,   1920-22 

Page   714.  Ustick.   Spring  Valley,   111.     Maat,   G.   H.,   1922 

Page   714.  Vesper,    Wis.     Lepeltak.    C,    1922 

Page   720.  Wortendyke,   N.   J.,    Trinity.     Campbell,    C.   H.,    1919-22. 


702  ERRATA 

Errata 

Page  429.  At  the  top  of  the  page,  under  the  heading  Michaelius.  the  sen- 
tence should  read :  "For  the  letter  discovered  at  a  latter  time, 
see  "Manhattan  in  1628  as  Described  in  the  Recently  Dis- 
covered Autograph  Letter  of  Jonas  Michaelius,'  D.  Versteeg, 
New  York,    1904." 

Page  249.     Bender,  August  Ferdinand.     It  should  be.  Bender.  August  George. 

Pages  375,  616,  721.  Rev.  H.  C.  Jacobs  remains  at  Brighton,  Rochester,  N. 
Y.,   declining   the  call  to   Zeeland,   Mich.,    1st. 

Page  576.  Voerman,  Arthur,  licensed  by  the  Classis  of  Passaic,  not  by  that 
of  Monmouth. 

Addenda  et   Errata  closed  June   8th,    1922. 


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